[{"id":"oa:W4407828116","type":"article-journal","title":"A comprehensive review of solid-state batteries","abstract":"In the era of the 20th century, energy storage technology is essentially as important as the penetration of renewable energy. Although Li-ion battery technology has been investigated for many years, a major breakthrough, the invention of solid-state batteries, has only recently arrived. It offers better safety, higher energy density , and improved cycle life. This paper reviews solid-state battery technology's current advancements and status, emphasizing key materials, battery architectures, and performance characteristics. We analyze various solid electrolyte materials, electrode materials, and interfacial engineering approaches to enhance ion transport and suppress dendrite formation. Furthermore, the critical aspect of battery degradation and its impact on the life cycle through various mechanisms are analyzed. Subsequently, the charging feature of solid-state batteries is explored. Finally, this paper gives the direction of improvements to the challenges threatening solid-state battery commercialization. This comprehensive review study offers valuable insights for regulators, industry professionals, and academics involved in developing a solid-state battery that promises safety, high performance, and sustainability.","author":[{"family":"Joshi","given":"Aniruddha"},{"family":"Mishra","given":"Dillip"},{"family":"Singh","given":"Rajendra"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Jiangfeng"},{"family":"Ding","given":"Yi"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125546","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125546","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W4412417953","type":"article-journal","title":"Digital Twin Technology for Renewable Energy, Smart Grids, Energy Storage and Vehicle‐to‐Grid Integration: Advancements, Applications, Key Players, Challenges and Future Perspectives in Modernising Sustainable Grids","abstract":"ABSTRACT To address the challenges faced by modern power systems—such as efficiency, dynamics, reliability, control, stability, economy and planning—significant efforts have been made to develop advanced techniques, tools and scientific innovations across various disciplines. Among these, the ‘digital twin’ (DT) has emerged as one of the most reliable and rapidly evolving technologies, now widely integrated into diverse applications. The incorporation of DT technology into energy systems marks a paradigm shift in achieving sustainable, efficient and resilient modern power grids. Although considerable research has been conducted on DT applications in the power sector, comprehensive reviews of its role in transforming power grids to accommodate high levels of renewable energy sources (RESs), smart grid technologies, vehicle‐to‐grid (V2G) systems and energy storage solutions remain limited. This paper seeks to bridge that gap by exploring the critical role of DT technology in this transformation. It examines the historical evolution, fundamental components and diverse applications of DT technology across modern grid systems. Detailed analyses focus on DT's application in modernising power grids, particularly in RES integration, energy storage, transmission and distribution, smart grid advancements and V2G systems. Additionally, the paper reviews progress, investments, standards, regulations and the key stakeholders driving DT advancements in power grids. Finally, major challenges, limitations and future perspectives for DT applications in next‐generation power grids are discussed. Key findings reveal that while DT technology delivers significant benefits—such as improved operational efficiency, enhanced grid stability, greater reliability, cost reduction, cybersecurity and resilience through real‐time monitoring, predictive maintenance and optimised energy management—addressing existing limitations is crucial to maximising DT's potential in advancing and modernising sustainable power grids.","author":[{"family":"Alshetwi","given":"Ali"},{"family":"Atawi","given":"Ibrahem"},{"family":"Elhameed","given":"Mohamed"},{"family":"Abuelrub","given":"Ahmad"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1049/stg2.70026","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1049/stg2.70026","source":"openalex"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22159455","type":"article-journal","title":"Coordinated Fast Frequency Regulation in Dynamic Virtual Power Plants via Disturbance Estimation","abstract":"In the context of dynamic virtual power plants (DVPPs), the integration of frequency containment reserve (FCR) and fast frequency control (FFC) enabled via local compensation of power imbalance, represents a significant advancement in decentralized frequency regulation. However, they still have to cope with the limited power and energy capacities associated with commonly available storage solutions. This work combines a disturbance estimation based decentralized local control with distributed imbalance compensation in the event of local shortfall. The layered architecture facilitates fast local corrections in power setpoints while enabling coordination between neighbouring DVPP nodes to leverage the aggregated capacity, ensuring scalable and efficient operation suitable for renewable-heavy future grids. The proposed approach is validated on an illustrative 4-bus system with a high percentage of renewables.","author":[{"family":"Ahmad","given":"Saif"},{"family":"Ben Elghali","given":"Seifeddine"},{"family":"Ahmed","given":"Hafiz"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22159455","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22159455","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22159454","type":"article-journal","title":"Coordinated Fast Frequency Regulation in Dynamic Virtual Power Plants via Disturbance Estimation","abstract":"In the context of dynamic virtual power plants (DVPPs), the integration of frequency containment reserve (FCR) and fast frequency control (FFC) enabled via local compensation of power imbalance, represents a significant advancement in decentralized frequency regulation. However, they still have to cope with the limited power and energy capacities associated with commonly available storage solutions. This work combines a disturbance estimation based decentralized local control with distributed imbalance compensation in the event of local shortfall. The layered architecture facilitates fast local corrections in power setpoints while enabling coordination between neighbouring DVPP nodes to leverage the aggregated capacity, ensuring scalable and efficient operation suitable for renewable-heavy future grids. The proposed approach is validated on an illustrative 4-bus system with a high percentage of renewables.","author":[{"family":"Ahmad","given":"Saif"},{"family":"Ben Elghali","given":"Seifeddine"},{"family":"Ahmed","given":"Hafiz"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22159454","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22159454","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.25439/rmt.30611456","type":"article-journal","title":"Delivering Demand Response Services to the Power Grid via Smart Building Load Flexibility","abstract":"Power systems worldwide face stability challenges as renewable energy integration transforms electricity networks. Renewable energy sources’ fundamentally different operation, intermittency, and physics versus traditional synchronous generators primarily drive these challenges. Ancillary services, traditionally delivered by synchronous generators as a by-product of electricity production, help keep power system voltage and frequency within bounds. However, renewable energy sources can complicate their provision. Demand response is a power balancing method that encourages customers to adjust their energy usage in response to price signals. Buildings are particularly attractive participants owing to their significant energy consumption and high flexibility in energy control. Digitalisation and advances in communications technologies, artificial intelligence, and machine learning enhance buildings’ potential for demand response provision. This paper explores demand response service provision via smart building load flexibility. We show how building energy flexibility can be characterised by power adjustment direction, capacity, availability, predictability, and response time. Key flexibility sources include shiftable loads like electric vehicles, non-shiftable loads such as lighting, and controllable loads like heating and ventilation. Electric vehicles—particularly those with vehicle-to-grid technology—and heating, ventilation, and cooling systems are the most attractive building loads for demand response owing to their flexibility, response time, and duration. We also analyse ancillary service frameworks in Australia, Hong Kong, and Mainland China. Australia’s well-established market supports demand response projects like vehicle to-grid initiatives. Hong Kong and Mainland China are in earlier development stages, with opportunities for modernisation and expanded market frameworks. Promising technologies for enhancing grid support include smart sensors, loads and inverters, as well as artificial intelligence. They can help optimise building energy management, facilitate real-time control, and provide predictive capabilities from historical data. Solar façades may also help buildings participate more in grid service provision, while advanced building insulation materials can help improve energy efficiency. The paper concludes by examining the regulatory and policy landscapes across Australia, Hong Kong, and Mainland China and posing open industry and research questions. In Australia, reform has sought to drive greater flexibility, reform trader services, and provide fit-for-purpose consumer protections. Meanwhile, Mainland China is implementing more demand-side management measures, guidelines, and policies to enhance energy efficiency and grid stability through demand response uptake. Hong Kong has only implemented a few demand-side management measures—it has yet to fully develop direct regulations or policies addressing building load flexibility engagement in grid support ancillary services. Effective regulations, policies, and market mechanisms will be critical for unlocking building load flexibility. Overall, advancements in electric vehicles, artificial intelligence, smart energy conversion, and digitalisation provide substantial opportunities for leveraging smart building load flexibility for demand response services to power grids.","author":[{"family":"Bryant","given":"Jack"},{"family":"Li","given":"Hangxin"},{"family":"Maheepala","given":"Nawanjana"},{"family":"Meegahapola","given":"Lasantha"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Shengwei"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Liuping"},{"family":"Xiao","given":"Fu"},{"family":"Yang","given":"Rebecca"},{"family":"Bu","given":"Siqi"},{"family":"Robert","given":"Dilan"},{"family":"Xu","given":"Zhao"},{"family":"Vahidnia","given":"Arash"},{"family":"Yan","given":"Shuo"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.25439/rmt.30611456","URL":"https://doi.org/10.25439/rmt.30611456","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.57760/sciencedb.0106i","type":"article-journal","title":"Paper data","abstract":"This Excel spreadsheet contains the optimization and techno-economic simulation data for green hydrogen integration within hybrid renewable energy systems in rural Morocco.Data Source: Generated using a dual-stage framework combining HOMER Pro (for baseline solar, wind, biomass, and battery microgrid optimization) and a custom Python model (for real-time dispatch and electrolyzer sizing).Contents: Features simulation metrics across 6 distinct scenarios, including system cost of energy (COE), electrolyzer scaling profiles (45.33 kW to 684.45 kW), hydrogen production outputs (up to 48,360 kg/year), and long-term project cash flows.Format: Microsoft Excel (.xlsx) file containing organized tabular data with labeled rows, column headers, and standard technical units.","author":[{"family":"El-Maaroufi","given":"Abdellah"},{"family":"Daoudi","given":"Mohammed"},{"family":"Laamara","given":"Rachid"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.57760/sciencedb.0106i","URL":"https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.0106i","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21514196","type":"article-journal","title":"AI-Enabled Eco-Adaptive Systems for Climate-Responsive and Sustainable Technologies","abstract":"The increasing severity of climate change, rapid urbanization, and unsustainable exploitation of natural resources necessitate intelligent and adaptive technological solutions. Conventional computing and control systems operate with static configurations and lack the ability to respond effectively to dynamic environmental conditions. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a key enabler for eco-adaptive systems that can sense environmental parameters, analyze complex datasets, and dynamically adjust system behavior to support sustainability goals. This paper presents a concise yet comprehensive study of AI-enabled eco-adaptive systems for climate-responsive and sustainable technologies, suitable for conference proceedings. A layered computational framework integrating environmental data acquisition, AI-driven analytics, adaptive decision-making, and sustainability optimization is discussed. Key application areas such as smart cities, renewable energy management, sustainable agriculture, and environmental monitoring are examined. The study highlights how AI-driven eco-adaptive systems contribute to techno-sustainable harmony by aligning technological innovation with ecological responsibility.","author":[{"family":"Vidhyavathi","given":"P"},{"family":"Vali","given":"Shaik"},{"family":"Ranasingh","given":"Milton"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21514196","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21514196","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21514197","type":"article-journal","title":"AI-Enabled Eco-Adaptive Systems for Climate-Responsive and Sustainable Technologies","abstract":"The increasing severity of climate change, rapid urbanization, and unsustainable exploitation of natural resources necessitate intelligent and adaptive technological solutions. Conventional computing and control systems operate with static configurations and lack the ability to respond effectively to dynamic environmental conditions. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a key enabler for eco-adaptive systems that can sense environmental parameters, analyze complex datasets, and dynamically adjust system behavior to support sustainability goals. This paper presents a concise yet comprehensive study of AI-enabled eco-adaptive systems for climate-responsive and sustainable technologies, suitable for conference proceedings. A layered computational framework integrating environmental data acquisition, AI-driven analytics, adaptive decision-making, and sustainability optimization is discussed. Key application areas such as smart cities, renewable energy management, sustainable agriculture, and environmental monitoring are examined. The study highlights how AI-driven eco-adaptive systems contribute to techno-sustainable harmony by aligning technological innovation with ecological responsibility.","author":[{"family":"Vidhyavathi","given":"P"},{"family":"Vali","given":"Shaik"},{"family":"Ranasingh","given":"Milton"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21514197","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21514197","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21736957","type":"article-journal","title":"An Innovatively Searching of Processing the Trade Advancement Status & High-Technique Equipment & Goods Making on Scientists Behaviour by Sustainability II","abstract":"ABSTRACT: The high-end making, new energy & AI (artificial intelligence) robot will occupy the new reformation field so that the much R & D (research and development) and investment is to be added continually by our government, maker & university. On the other hand, the expertise research must be much stronger, deeper & wider so the related performance is to be published in high-level & high-advanced journal with that paper. That needs to reflect the external and internal intrinsic relationship about searching object defect and inner stress & temperature etc. many physical and chemistry aspects. Therein many relational information can be acquired by our scientist and fellows for them to continuously find and seek the principle result on behalf of complicated exploration about the unbalance and balance relation so as to acquire the virtual and actual phenomena and theoretical base. We should encourage the fellows research aim and direction, thereby the subsequent capital support by government institution and institute and making house and devices etc. A series of preferential policy. The more product and equipment made from maker will enhance our high-technique skill and equipment capacity to satisfy the request coming from the society and foreign remands for us to process the foreign trade business actively from factory to seaport transiting other countries and territories. The old and new energy kinetic transformation needs to be transformed by now urgently, and those old low energy kinetic will be collapsed gradually and ultimately for us to learn new one and some interdisciplinary subject applying to the innovation item. The new renewable energy industry as an important factor to decline the gasoline usefulness on vehicle and factories that may start to change the traditional energy source into the low-contamination & high-renewable fuel at all for us to share in the views of the clean atmosphere with the BEV (battery electric vehicles) and making automation-flow-line and some heat-supplying factories. Thereby, the more searching for those transforming course and endeavors would be request through arousing the researcher and scholars explored the source and making process to a certain performance that is to advantage progressing high-functional-equipment making. Keywords: Progressing high-technique product & GDP systems, by sustainability, an innovated searching, Jiangsu top cities GDP value Changes.","author":[{"family":"Xu","given":"Run"},{"family":"Qi","given":"Yongbo"},{"family":"Zhao","given":"Rongchang"},{"family":"Wu","given":"Yonggen"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21736957","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21736957","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21736958","type":"article-journal","title":"An Innovatively Searching of Processing the Trade Advancement Status & High-Technique Equipment & Goods Making on Scientists Behaviour by Sustainability II","abstract":"ABSTRACT: The high-end making, new energy & AI (artificial intelligence) robot will occupy the new reformation field so that the much R & D (research and development) and investment is to be added continually by our government, maker & university. On the other hand, the expertise research must be much stronger, deeper & wider so the related performance is to be published in high-level & high-advanced journal with that paper. That needs to reflect the external and internal intrinsic relationship about searching object defect and inner stress & temperature etc. many physical and chemistry aspects. Therein many relational information can be acquired by our scientist and fellows for them to continuously find and seek the principle result on behalf of complicated exploration about the unbalance and balance relation so as to acquire the virtual and actual phenomena and theoretical base. We should encourage the fellows research aim and direction, thereby the subsequent capital support by government institution and institute and making house and devices etc. A series of preferential policy. The more product and equipment made from maker will enhance our high-technique skill and equipment capacity to satisfy the request coming from the society and foreign remands for us to process the foreign trade business actively from factory to seaport transiting other countries and territories. The old and new energy kinetic transformation needs to be transformed by now urgently, and those old low energy kinetic will be collapsed gradually and ultimately for us to learn new one and some interdisciplinary subject applying to the innovation item. The new renewable energy industry as an important factor to decline the gasoline usefulness on vehicle and factories that may start to change the traditional energy source into the low-contamination & high-renewable fuel at all for us to share in the views of the clean atmosphere with the BEV (battery electric vehicles) and making automation-flow-line and some heat-supplying factories. Thereby, the more searching for those transforming course and endeavors would be request through arousing the researcher and scholars explored the source and making process to a certain performance that is to advantage progressing high-functional-equipment making. Keywords: Progressing high-technique product & GDP systems, by sustainability, an innovated searching, Jiangsu top cities GDP value Changes.","author":[{"family":"Xu","given":"Run"},{"family":"Qi","given":"Yongbo"},{"family":"Zhao","given":"Rongchang"},{"family":"Wu","given":"Yonggen"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21736958","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21736958","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19402006","type":"article-journal","title":"India's Shift to Renewable Energy from Conventional Energy and Focus on Pumped Storage Power Plants to Ensure Net Zero","abstract":"India's transition from conventional and fossil fuel to renewable non-conventional energy sources is remarkable, in terms of electricity generation. Fifty percent of the capacity, India's electricity generation depends on non-fossil fuels, ie, almost 250 GW. India has taken the oath to reach zero emission by 2070. To ensure intermittency the country is focusing on solar energy, wind energy, pumped storage projects and battery storage and other much more sustainable and reliable energy sources. The dependency on renewable green energies is gradually increasing. It is expected that India will reach 500 GW electricity production from non-fossil fuel and renewable sources by the end of 2030. The Indian Government has allowed one hundred percent foreign direct investment in these various renewable energy sources. India is also focusing on other pollution free sources and has launched National Green Hydrogen Mission, an initiative to generate, utilize and export pollution free green hydrogen. In generating green electricity, pumped storage hydropower has been named as water battery. In recent years its advantages has attracted important development projects and policy support from Indian government. Currently, India has the total potential of 200 GW from pumped storage power plants. The Central Electricity Authority has approved new development of pumped storage plants with a capacity of 7.5 GW in 2024-2025. In future years India will expand the installed and operational capacity of pumped storage plants. Many new plants are under construction, increasing the overall potential. The Energy and Resources Institute of India has predicted the potential of on-river pumped storage power plants would reach the capacity of 103 GW, it would aid in zero emission and decarbonisation aim of the country.","author":[{"family":"Das","given":"Mr"},{"family":"Pal","given":"Mr"},{"family":"Mukhopadhyay","given":"Miss"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19402006","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19402006","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19402007","type":"article-journal","title":"India's Shift to Renewable Energy from Conventional Energy and Focus on Pumped Storage Power Plants to Ensure Net Zero","abstract":"India's transition from conventional and fossil fuel to renewable non-conventional energy sources is remarkable, in terms of electricity generation. Fifty percent of the capacity, India's electricity generation depends on non-fossil fuels, ie, almost 250 GW. India has taken the oath to reach zero emission by 2070. To ensure intermittency the country is focusing on solar energy, wind energy, pumped storage projects and battery storage and other much more sustainable and reliable energy sources. The dependency on renewable green energies is gradually increasing. It is expected that India will reach 500 GW electricity production from non-fossil fuel and renewable sources by the end of 2030. The Indian Government has allowed one hundred percent foreign direct investment in these various renewable energy sources. India is also focusing on other pollution free sources and has launched National Green Hydrogen Mission, an initiative to generate, utilize and export pollution free green hydrogen. In generating green electricity, pumped storage hydropower has been named as water battery. In recent years its advantages has attracted important development projects and policy support from Indian government. Currently, India has the total potential of 200 GW from pumped storage power plants. The Central Electricity Authority has approved new development of pumped storage plants with a capacity of 7.5 GW in 2024-2025. In future years India will expand the installed and operational capacity of pumped storage plants. Many new plants are under construction, increasing the overall potential. The Energy and Resources Institute of India has predicted the potential of on-river pumped storage power plants would reach the capacity of 103 GW, it would aid in zero emission and decarbonisation aim of the country.","author":[{"family":"Das","given":"Mr"},{"family":"Pal","given":"Mr"},{"family":"Mukhopadhyay","given":"Miss"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19402007","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19402007","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20091107","type":"article-journal","title":"Desarrollo Sustentable y Transición Energética: Memorias del Congreso Internacional sobre Patrimonio Natural y Cultural en la Península de Yucatán","abstract":"Transición Energética, Patrimonio y Sustentabilidad reúne las memorias académicas del Congreso Internacional sobre Desarrollo Sustentable y Transición Energética: Preservación del Patrimonio Natural y Cultural en la Península de Yucatán, celebrado en Mérida, Yucatán, México, los días 11, 12 y 13 de septiembre de 2024. La obra integra contribuciones interdisciplinarias orientadas al análisis de la sustentabilidad, la transición energética, la gobernanza territorial, la preservación del patrimonio natural y cultural, las energías renovables, el cambio climático y los procesos comunitarios en contextos regionales y globales. Las memorias reúnen trabajos de especialistas, investigadores y profesionales provenientes de México, América Latina, Europa y Estados Unidos. Los textos incluidos fueron objeto de revisión técnica y académica por parte del Comité Científico y Editorial del Congreso, con el propósito de garantizar la calidad, coherencia y pertinencia de las contribuciones publicadas. Esta publicación constituye un espacio de diálogo académico internacional enfocado en la construcción de modelos de desarrollo sustentable socialmente incluyentes, territorialmente responsables y ambientalmente sostenibles para la Península de Yucatán y otras regiones del mundo. Energy Transition, Heritage and Sustainability brings together the academic proceedings of the International Congress on Sustainable Development and Energy Transition: Preservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in the Yucatán Peninsula, held in Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico, on September 11–13, 2024. This volume compiles interdisciplinary contributions focused on sustainability, energy transition, territorial governance, preservation of natural and cultural heritage, renewable energy, climate change, and community-based processes in regional and global contexts. The proceedings include works by scholars, researchers, and professionals from Mexico, Latin America, Europe, and the United States. The texts included in this publication underwent technical and academic review by the Scientific and Editorial Committee of the Congress in order to ensure the quality, coherence, and relevance of the published contributions. This publication represents an international academic dialogue aimed at promoting socially inclusive, territorially responsible, and environmentally sustainable development models for the Yucatán Peninsula and other regions of the world.","author":[{"family":"El Mekaoui","given":"Amina"},{"family":"Bassam","given":"Ali"},{"family":"Herrera","given":"José"},{"family":"Ramirez Carrillo","given":"Luis"},{"family":"Tariq","given":"Rasikh"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20091107","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20091107","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20091108","type":"article-journal","title":"Desarrollo Sustentable y Transición Energética: Memorias del Congreso Internacional sobre Patrimonio Natural y Cultural en la Península de Yucatán","abstract":"Transición Energética, Patrimonio y Sustentabilidad reúne las memorias académicas del Congreso Internacional sobre Desarrollo Sustentable y Transición Energética: Preservación del Patrimonio Natural y Cultural en la Península de Yucatán, celebrado en Mérida, Yucatán, México, los días 11, 12 y 13 de septiembre de 2024. La obra integra contribuciones interdisciplinarias orientadas al análisis de la sustentabilidad, la transición energética, la gobernanza territorial, la preservación del patrimonio natural y cultural, las energías renovables, el cambio climático y los procesos comunitarios en contextos regionales y globales. Las memorias reúnen trabajos de especialistas, investigadores y profesionales provenientes de México, América Latina, Europa y Estados Unidos. Los textos incluidos fueron objeto de revisión técnica y académica por parte del Comité Científico y Editorial del Congreso, con el propósito de garantizar la calidad, coherencia y pertinencia de las contribuciones publicadas. Esta publicación constituye un espacio de diálogo académico internacional enfocado en la construcción de modelos de desarrollo sustentable socialmente incluyentes, territorialmente responsables y ambientalmente sostenibles para la Península de Yucatán y otras regiones del mundo. Energy Transition, Heritage and Sustainability brings together the academic proceedings of the International Congress on Sustainable Development and Energy Transition: Preservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in the Yucatán Peninsula, held in Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico, on September 11–13, 2024. This volume compiles interdisciplinary contributions focused on sustainability, energy transition, territorial governance, preservation of natural and cultural heritage, renewable energy, climate change, and community-based processes in regional and global contexts. The proceedings include works by scholars, researchers, and professionals from Mexico, Latin America, Europe, and the United States. The texts included in this publication underwent technical and academic review by the Scientific and Editorial Committee of the Congress in order to ensure the quality, coherence, and relevance of the published contributions. This publication represents an international academic dialogue aimed at promoting socially inclusive, territorially responsible, and environmentally sustainable development models for the Yucatán Peninsula and other regions of the world.","author":[{"family":"El Mekaoui","given":"Amina"},{"family":"Bassam","given":"Ali"},{"family":"Herrera","given":"José"},{"family":"Ramirez Carrillo","given":"Luis"},{"family":"Tariq","given":"Rasikh"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20091108","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20091108","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.83080/rejost.vol6no7.333","type":"article-journal","title":"Carbon Footprint Inventory and Sectoral Emission Analysis of Government Ministries in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria","abstract":"Climate change remains a major environmental concern, while information on carbon emissions from public-sector institutions in developing regions remains limited. This study assessed the carbon footprint and emission contributions of selected government ministries and canteens in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, to establish a localized baseline for public-sector carbon management. A survey research design was adopted, and activity data were collected between October 2024 and October 2025 from electricity records, fuel records, canteen consumption records, and waste-related records. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions associated with electricity, diesel, petrol, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and waste were estimated using activity data and corresponding emission factors within the Greenhouse Gas Protocol framework. The total estimated carbon footprint of the assessed units was 152,081.130 kg CO₂/year, equivalent to approximately 152.08 tonnes CO₂/year. The Ministry of Justice recorded the highest contribution (13.53%), followed by the Ministries of Finance (11.75%), Housing (9.02%), and Works (8.16%). Electricity was the largest individual emission source, accounting for 45.7% of the total carbon footprint, followed by diesel (40.0%), petrol (11.8%), LPG (1.8%), and waste (0.7%). Pearson correlation analysis further examined relationships among the recorded resource-consumption variables. The findings provide localized baseline evidence of ministry-level carbon emissions and identify electricity and diesel consumption as the principal emission sources requiring attention. The study recommends improved energy efficiency, reduced dependence on diesel-powered generators, renewable energy adoption, sustainable transportation practices, and regular institutional carbon-footprint monitoring to support emission reduction and sustainability within the public sector of Akwa Ibom State.","author":[{"family":"Dan","given":"Nsikan"},{"family":"Ekanem","given":"Aniekan"},{"family":"George","given":"Nyakno"},{"family":"Yahweh","given":"Blessed"},{"family":"Eyeneka","given":"Francis"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.83080/rejost.vol6no7.333","URL":"https://doi.org/10.83080/rejost.vol6no7.333","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.3929/ethz-c-000805715","type":"article-journal","title":"Technological sustainability and welfare resilience under climate transition: A Nordic perspective","abstract":"This study examines how digitalization, renewable energy consumption, carbon emissions, and labor-force participation are associated with sustainable welfare in the Nordic economies over the period 2000–2024. Sustainable welfare is proxied by adjusted net savings as a percentage of GNI, and the analysis is structured through the Technology–Organization–Environment framework. The empirical strategy combines tests of cross-sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity, panel unit-root and cointegration tests, and a Driscoll–Kraay fixed-effects estimator as the baseline model. To assess robustness, the study also employs PCSE, F-GLS, Difference GMM, System GMM, leave-one-country-out estimation, split-sample analysis, and the Dumitrescu–Hurlin panel causality test. The findings show that digitalization, renewable energy consumption, and labor-force participation are positively and significantly associated with sustainable welfare, while labor-force participation shows the strongest association. Carbon emissions are also positively and significantly associated with sustainable welfare, suggesting that welfare accumulation in the Nordic economies still remains partly connected to carbon-intensive activity during the transition period. The Dumitrescu–Hurlin results further indicate a directional predictive relationship running from labor-force participation to sustainable welfare, while sustainable welfare predicts renewable energy consumption and carbon emissions. Overall, the findings suggest that technological adaptation, renewable energy transition, and labor-market inclusion are associated with stronger welfare resilience in the Nordic context, although the ecological basis of welfare reproduction remains only partially realigned under climate transition.","author":[{"family":"Ridwan","given":"Mohammad"},{"family":"Ko","given":"Jeremy"},{"family":"Antor","given":"Zulfiquar"},{"family":"Akther","given":"Afsana"},{"family":"Mouongue Kelly","given":"Arsene"},{"family":"Leung","given":"Chun"},{"family":"Ming","given":"Wai"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.3929/ethz-c-000805715","URL":"https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-c-000805715","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21757598","type":"article-journal","title":"Zero-carbon industrial park planning under distributionally robust optimization: research data and code","abstract":"This record provides the reproducibility package for the study “Zero-carbon industrial park planning under distributionally robust optimization”. The package contains the cWGAN-GP scenario-generation code, five planning models including DO, SO, RO, CVaR, and strict finite-support Wasserstein DRO, model parameters, input data, optimization results, and publication figures. The meteorological data represent the Ordos region of Inner Mongolia, China, at 39.6 N and 109.8 E, covering 2022–2024. The renewable-energy profiles are derived from meteorological data. The electricity, heat, and hydrogen demand profiles are classical simulated profiles rather than confidential metered data from a named industrial park. The package includes Python source code, package-relative configuration files, Excel-readable input and output tables, raw CSV files, trained model files, and verified figures. All results are generated from the supplied code and data.","author":[{"family":"Li","given":"Bin"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Jingliang"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Yu"},{"family":"Ge","given":"Lihong"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Songsong"},{"family":"Gong","given":"Feixiang"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21757598","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21757598","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21757597","type":"article-journal","title":"Zero-carbon industrial park planning under distributionally robust optimization: research data and code","abstract":"This record provides the reproducibility package for the study “Zero-carbon industrial park planning under distributionally robust optimization”. The package contains the cWGAN-GP scenario-generation code, five planning models including DO, SO, RO, CVaR, and strict finite-support Wasserstein DRO, model parameters, input data, optimization results, and publication figures. The meteorological data represent the Ordos region of Inner Mongolia, China, at 39.6 N and 109.8 E, covering 2022–2024. The renewable-energy profiles are derived from meteorological data. The electricity, heat, and hydrogen demand profiles are classical simulated profiles rather than confidential metered data from a named industrial park. The package includes Python source code, package-relative configuration files, Excel-readable input and output tables, raw CSV files, trained model files, and verified figures. All results are generated from the supplied code and data.","author":[{"family":"Li","given":"Bin"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Jingliang"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Yu"},{"family":"Ge","given":"Lihong"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Songsong"},{"family":"Gong","given":"Feixiang"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21757597","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21757597","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20766264","type":"article-journal","title":"Public Utility Data Liberation Project (PUDL) Data Release","abstract":"v2026.6.1 (2026-06-19) This is a monthly PUDL data release, primarily motivated by updating the EIA-860M monthly data through February 2026. As usual, it also includes all of the other changes that have accumulated on main since our last release. This month, we have the belated EPA CEMS update for 2026Q1, the annual update for FERC 1, some great community contributions for RUS7 and EIA-176, and an assortment of datapackage, Dagster, and deployment notification improvements. Enhancements Overhauled PUDL’s Frictionless Data Package output to conform to the v2 spec. The pudl_datapackage Dagster asset now generates datapackage.json directly during the ETL, including full column types, constraints, and foreign key relationships for every Parquet table. The descriptor is distributed as pudl_parquet_datapackage.json at the top level of the S3 bucket and on Zenodo, allowing potential users to browse the PUDL schema without downloading any data. The pudl_parquet.zip archive also contains a datapackage.json descriptor so it can be used as a self-describing Frictionless package after extraction. A reusable valid_datapackage_check() factory is now available in pudl.dagster.asset_checks to add frictionless v2 validation as an asset check on any datapackage output. See issues #5122, #5237 and PR #5270, #5343. Also makes progress towards catalyst-cooperative/agent-skills#14 Added a bare-bones datapackage for DBF SQLite outputs. See issue #5200 and PR #5275. New Data EIA-176 Added core_eia176__yearly_gas_supply, which contains cleaned company-level natural and supplemental gas supply data from Part 4 of the EIA-176 survey. See #4711 and #5227. Added core_eia176__yearly_liquefied_natural_gas_inventory, a new table containing annual LNG storage volume and capacity reported by operators on EIA Form 176 Part 5. Data covers 2002-2024 and includes LNG terminal and marine terminal records. See issue #4695 and PR #5219. Expanded Data Coverage EIA-191 Updated EIA-191 data to include additional 2026 data. See PR #5292. EIA-860M Added EIA-860M data through April 2026. See issue #5277 and PR #5284. FERC 1 Added 2025 data from FERC form 1. This update includes several new renewable and energy storage fields in several tables. See issue #5214 and PRs #5236, #5325. EIA Electricity API Updated the bulk EIA Electricity API data used to fill in redacted fuel prices. See PR #5292. EPA CEMS Updated the EPA CEMS data to include 2026Q1. See PR #5292. FERC Forms 2 & 6 Updated the raw FERC Form 2 and 6 archives to include 2025 data. This data is converted to SQLite, but not deeply integrated into PUDL. See PR #5292. Documentation Added a data source page for EIA-191. See PR #5267 and issue #4756. Updated the EIA-930 column descriptions to note that starting in 2024Q3 EIA began reporting more granular renewable energy source categories, differentiating wind and solar plants with and without energy storage, splitting pumped hydro from conventional hydro, and adding new battery storage and geothermal categories. See issue #5335 and PR #5336. New Data Tests & Validations Added validations to RUS7 service interruption tables to ensure subcomponents sum to the total for annual observation periods. See issue #5285 and PR #5286. Bug Fixes & Data Cleaning Renamed the fuel_consumed_mmbtu column in the out_eia923__fuel_receipts_costs, out_eia923__monthly_fuel_receipts_costs, and out_eia923__yearly_fuel_receipts_costs tables. This column is the result of dividing total_fuel_cost by fuel_received_mmbtu. The name fuel_consumed_mmbtu was misleading because the fuel received in these tables is not necessarily consumed in the same month, and the fuel cost is not necessarily associated with fuel received in the same month. The new name, fuel_received_mmbtu, more accurately reflects what the column actually contains. See PR #5294. Fixed a bug in the Zenodo Data Release script which was not actually skipping top-level directories when deciding what to upload to Zenodo, which caused rel","author":[{"family":"Selvans","given":"Zane"},{"family":"Gosnell","given":"Christina"},{"family":"Sharpe","given":"Austen"},{"family":"Schira","given":"Zach"},{"family":"Xia","given":"Dazhong"},{"family":"Belfer","given":"Ella"},{"family":"Mazaitis","given":"Kathryn"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20766264","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20766264","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21192164","type":"article-journal","title":"A Causal-Physics-Informed Hybrid Deep Learning Framework for Long-Term Probabilistic Load Forecasting in Renewable-Rich Power Systems","abstract":"The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) into modern power systems introduces significant uncertainty into electricity demand forecasting, driven by the variable and intermittent nature of solar and wind generation. Existing deep learning forecasting approaches are limited by their reliance on correlational feature selection, inadequate uncertainty quantification over long forecast horizons, limited integration of physical domain knowledge, and weak connection between forecast outputs and downstream operational applications. This study proposes a causal-physics-informed hybrid deep learning framework for long-term probabilistic load forecasting in renewable-rich power systems, demonstrated on the German (DE-LU) bidding zone using two years of hourly data (2024–2025) from ENTSO-E and ERA5 reanalysis sources. The framework integrates four components: (1) causal discovery via PCMCI and DAG-GNN to identify physically interpretable predictive relationships, replacing spurious correlational features with causally validated lags; (2) physics-guided feature engineering using a pvlib-based solar PV model (r = 0.867 vs. observed generation), a hub-height-corrected wind power curve (r = 0.648), and a thermal degree-day model; (3) probabilistic temporal forecasting via a Temporal Fusion Transformer (TFT) with multi-quantile loss across a 168-hour (1-week) prediction horizon; and (4) forecast-driven hydrogen storage dispatch optimization using an uncertainty-aware rule that modulates dispatch magnitude according to TFT prediction interval width. PCMCI identified 98 statistically significant causal links into electricity load, recovering physically interpretable lags (solar at 1–2 hours, temperature at 6 hours, wind speed at 18 hours) in contrast to a spurious 27-hour solar-load correlation identified by conventional lag-correlation analysis. DAG-GNN confirmed the causal variable set but produced physically implausible reverse-direction edges, empirically demonstrating the limitations of contemporaneous causal methods for time-series applications. An LSTM baseline achieved MAPE = 2.76% over the 168-hour horizon, validating the data pipeline, while TFT training highlighted computational resource requirements for attention-based architectures at this scale. The hydrogen storage sizing study demonstrated variability reduction scaling from 1.38% (200 MW/2 GWh) to 27.68% (10 GW/100 GWh), with the uncertainty-aware dispatch mechanism providing a direct functional link between probabilistic forecast quality and storage operation. The proposed framework advances physically-grounded and operationally actionable probabilistic load forecasting for renewable-rich power systems.","author":[{"family":"Owoeye","given":"Enoch"},{"family":"Komolafe","given":"Teslim"},{"family":"Oke","given":"Israel"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21192164","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21192164","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21292964","type":"article-journal","title":"A Causal-Physics-Informed Hybrid Deep Learning Framework for Long-Term Probabilistic Load Forecasting in Renewable-Rich Power Systems","abstract":"The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) into modern power systems introduces significant uncertainty into electricity demand forecasting, driven by the variable and intermittent nature of solar and wind generation. Existing deep learning forecasting approaches are limited by their reliance on correlational feature selection, inadequate uncertainty quantification over long forecast horizons, limited integration of physical domain knowledge, and weak connection between forecast outputs and downstream operational applications. This study proposes a causal-physics-informed hybrid deep learning framework for long-term probabilistic load forecasting in renewable-rich power systems, demonstrated on the German (DE-LU) bidding zone using two years of hourly data (2024–2025) from ENTSO-E and ERA5 reanalysis sources. The framework integrates four components: (1) causal discovery via PCMCI and DAG-GNN to identify physically interpretable predictive relationships, replacing spurious correlational features with causally validated lags; (2) physics-guided feature engineering using a pvlib-based solar PV model (r = 0.867 vs. observed generation), a hub-height-corrected wind power curve (r = 0.648), and a thermal degree-day model; (3) probabilistic temporal forecasting via a Temporal Fusion Transformer (TFT) with multi-quantile loss across a 168-hour (1-week) prediction horizon; and (4) forecast-driven hydrogen storage dispatch optimization using an uncertainty-aware rule that modulates dispatch magnitude according to TFT prediction interval width. PCMCI identified 98 statistically significant causal links into electricity load, recovering physically interpretable lags (solar at 1–2 hours, temperature at 6 hours, wind speed at 18 hours) in contrast to a spurious 27-hour solar-load correlation identified by conventional lag-correlation analysis. DAG-GNN confirmed the causal variable set but produced physically implausible reverse-direction edges, empirically demonstrating the limitations of contemporaneous causal methods for time-series applications. An LSTM baseline achieved MAPE = 2.76% over the 168-hour horizon, validating the data pipeline, while TFT training highlighted computational resource requirements for attention-based architectures at this scale. The hydrogen storage sizing study demonstrated variability reduction scaling from 1.38% (200 MW/2 GWh) to 27.68% (10 GW/100 GWh), with the uncertainty-aware dispatch mechanism providing a direct functional link between probabilistic forecast quality and storage operation. The proposed framework advances physically-grounded and operationally actionable probabilistic load forecasting for renewable-rich power systems.","author":[{"family":"Owoeye","given":"Enoch"},{"family":"Komolafe","given":"Teslim"},{"family":"Oke","given":"Israel"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21292964","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21292964","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19914399","type":"article-journal","title":"Opportunities in Green Biorefineries","abstract":"In late 2025 and early 2026, the EU-funded BBioNets project organised a series of six Cross-Fertilisation Meetings focused on bio-based practices on farms and in forests. Further information about the meetings is available at: https://bbionets.eu/cross-fertilisation-meetings-round-2/. This report presents the key takeaways of the sixth and final meeting, titled “Opportunities in Green Biorefineries,” which explored how decentralised biorefineries can revitalise rural economies. From extracting high-value proteins to generating biomethane, the discussion centred on how Europe can balance food security with renewable energy demands. All materials related to the meeting, including presentations and the video recording, are available at: https://bbionets.eu/cfm-6-opportunities-in-green-biorefineries/","author":[{"family":"Wydra","given":"Małgorzata"},{"family":"Delioglanis","given":"Iakovos"},{"family":"Kouzi","given":"Ephy"},{"family":"Delioglani","given":"Dafni"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19914399","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19914399","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19914400","type":"article-journal","title":"Opportunities in Green Biorefineries","abstract":"In late 2025 and early 2026, the EU-funded BBioNets project organised a series of six Cross-Fertilisation Meetings focused on bio-based practices on farms and in forests. Further information about the meetings is available at: https://bbionets.eu/cross-fertilisation-meetings-round-2/. This report presents the key takeaways of the sixth and final meeting, titled “Opportunities in Green Biorefineries,” which explored how decentralised biorefineries can revitalise rural economies. From extracting high-value proteins to generating biomethane, the discussion centred on how Europe can balance food security with renewable energy demands. All materials related to the meeting, including presentations and the video recording, are available at: https://bbionets.eu/cfm-6-opportunities-in-green-biorefineries/","author":[{"family":"Wydra","given":"Małgorzata"},{"family":"Delioglanis","given":"Iakovos"},{"family":"Kouzi","given":"Ephy"},{"family":"Delioglani","given":"Dafni"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19914400","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19914400","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21237183","type":"article-journal","title":"Aggregated Hourly Load and Generation Profiles for the Kurzeme Region, Latvia, 2025","abstract":"This dataset provides aggregated hourly electrical load and generation profiles for the Kurzeme region of Latvia for the year 2025. The Kurzeme region is a western region of Latvia located along the Baltic Sea coast, characterised by a mixed urban, rural and coastal energy demand profile and increasing integration of renewable energy generation. The dataset is based on measurements from 17 transformer substations and contains only summed regional values; individual substation-level time series are not included. The published time series includes active and reactive power components for both generation and load. The dataset contains 8760 hourly records covering the period from 1 January 2025 to 31 December 2025. The following variables are included: date, time, active generation, reactive generation, active load, and reactive load. The aggregation covers transformer substations with a total installed transformer capacity of 553.9 MVA. The total installed generation capacity connected to the analysed substations is approximately 189.9 MW. This includes 108.6 MW of solar photovoltaic generation, 46.7 MW of wind generation, 25.3 MW of cogeneration, 3.8 MW of hydropower, and 5.4 MW of battery energy storage systems. The dataset can be used for regional energy system analysis, distribution-level load and generation profile assessment, energy community and flexibility studies, scenario development. VariablesDate — calendar date of the hourly record.Time — hour of the day.Active generation, kW — aggregated active power generation.Reactive generation, kVAr — aggregated reactive power generation.Active load, kW — aggregated active power load.Reactive load, kVAr — aggregated reactive power load. Spatial coverageKurzeme region, Latvia. Temporal coverage2025-01-01 to 2025-12-31. Temporal resolutionHourly.","author":[{"family":"Mutule","given":"Anna"},{"family":"Zalostiba","given":"Diana"},{"family":"Baltputnis","given":"Kārlis"},{"family":"Borscevskis","given":"Olegs"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21237183","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21237183","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21237184","type":"article-journal","title":"Aggregated Hourly Load and Generation Profiles for the Kurzeme Region, Latvia, 2025","abstract":"This dataset provides aggregated hourly electrical load and generation profiles for the Kurzeme region of Latvia for the year 2025. The Kurzeme region is a western region of Latvia located along the Baltic Sea coast, characterised by a mixed urban, rural and coastal energy demand profile and increasing integration of renewable energy generation. The dataset is based on measurements from 17 transformer substations and contains only summed regional values; individual substation-level time series are not included. The published time series includes active and reactive power components for both generation and load. The dataset contains 8760 hourly records covering the period from 1 January 2025 to 31 December 2025. The following variables are included: date, time, active generation, reactive generation, active load, and reactive load. The aggregation covers transformer substations with a total installed transformer capacity of 553.9 MVA. The total installed generation capacity connected to the analysed substations is approximately 189.9 MW. This includes 108.6 MW of solar photovoltaic generation, 46.7 MW of wind generation, 25.3 MW of cogeneration, 3.8 MW of hydropower, and 5.4 MW of battery energy storage systems. The dataset can be used for regional energy system analysis, distribution-level load and generation profile assessment, energy community and flexibility studies, scenario development. VariablesDate — calendar date of the hourly record.Time — hour of the day.Active generation, kW — aggregated active power generation.Reactive generation, kVAr — aggregated reactive power generation.Active load, kW — aggregated active power load.Reactive load, kVAr — aggregated reactive power load. Spatial coverageKurzeme region, Latvia. Temporal coverage2025-01-01 to 2025-12-31. Temporal resolutionHourly.","author":[{"family":"Mutule","given":"Anna"},{"family":"Zalostiba","given":"Diana"},{"family":"Baltputnis","given":"Kārlis"},{"family":"Borscevskis","given":"Olegs"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21237184","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21237184","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20750171","type":"article-journal","title":"catalyst-cooperative/pudl: PUDL v2026.6.0","abstract":"PUDL is an application that must be installed from the repository using pixi. Installation: git clone https://github.com/catalyst-cooperative/pudl.git cd pudl git checkout v2026.6.0 pixi install Data Release: Data products generated by this release will be published separately to Zenodo as well as s3://pudl.catalyst.coop/'v2026.6.0'. Changes: See Release Notes for details. What's Changed New & Updated Data Integrate April 2026 EIA 860M data by @e-belfer in https://github.com/catalyst-cooperative/pudl/pull/5284 [chore] update Zenodo DOIs to latest record versions by @github-actions[bot] in https://github.com/catalyst-cooperative/pudl/pull/5292 Create core_eia176__yearly_gas_supply by @MeadBarrel in https://github.com/catalyst-cooperative/pudl/pull/5227 Annual Update: FERC Form 1 2025 by @cmgosnell in https://github.com/catalyst-cooperative/pudl/pull/5236 Other Changes Remove fercN_xbrl regex; actually ignore directories by @zaneselvans in https://github.com/catalyst-cooperative/pudl/pull/5254 Post v2026.5.0 -- add new release notes section by @zaneselvans in https://github.com/catalyst-cooperative/pudl/pull/5258 Clean up FERC IO managers; add build_interactive_defs() by @zaneselvans in https://github.com/catalyst-cooperative/pudl/pull/5242 Configure a PUDL dev container by @zaneselvans in https://github.com/catalyst-cooperative/pudl/pull/5260 Dagsterize and enrich PUDL datapackage.json by @zaneselvans in https://github.com/catalyst-cooperative/pudl/pull/5270 Integrate PudlPaths into Dagster resources by @zaneselvans in https://github.com/catalyst-cooperative/pudl/pull/5261 Make dev container work with git worktrees by @zaneselvans in https://github.com/catalyst-cooperative/pudl/pull/5287 Use PudlPathsResource in datapackage asset / asset check by @zaneselvans in https://github.com/catalyst-cooperative/pudl/pull/5288 Add EIA 191 data source page by @e-belfer in https://github.com/catalyst-cooperative/pudl/pull/5267 Record internal management guidelines for contributor PRs by @krivard in https://github.com/catalyst-cooperative/pudl/pull/5283 Sync docs and notebooks with reality of code by @aesharpe in https://github.com/catalyst-cooperative/pudl/pull/5244 Add build-pudl stub workflow by @zschira in https://github.com/catalyst-cooperative/pudl/pull/5299 Add good first issue dev docs by @e-belfer in https://github.com/catalyst-cooperative/pudl/pull/5300 Migrate to Zulip notifications by @zaneselvans in https://github.com/catalyst-cooperative/pudl/pull/5298 Validate annual RUS7 service interruption totals by @desusaiteja in https://github.com/catalyst-cooperative/pudl/pull/5286 Update defs reference in notebooks by @aesharpe in https://github.com/catalyst-cooperative/pudl/pull/5307 Add core_eia176__yearly_liquefied_natural_gas_inventory (Part 5) by @MeadBarrel in https://github.com/catalyst-cooperative/pudl/pull/5219 Add DBF datapackage by @krivard in https://github.com/catalyst-cooperative/pudl/pull/5275 Propagate hashtag comments into human-editable schema files by @krivard in https://github.com/catalyst-cooperative/pudl/pull/5310 Fix external links display in dev docs by @vega28 in https://github.com/catalyst-cooperative/pudl/pull/5319 Add target override option to dbt_helper for extreme cases by @krivard in https://github.com/catalyst-cooperative/pudl/pull/5321 Change fuel_consumed_mmbtu to fuel_received_mmbtu in out_eia923__frc table by @aesharpe in https://github.com/catalyst-cooperative/pudl/pull/5294 FERC1 2025 row count update omigosh by @cmgosnell in https://github.com/catalyst-cooperative/pudl/pull/5325 Fix boolean check in com-dev-notify by @zaneselvans in https://github.com/catalyst-cooperative/pudl/pull/5328 Add list of ignored users to com-dev-notify by @zaneselvans in https://github.com/catalyst-cooperative/pudl/pull/5331 Add FERC provenance metadata to datapackage by @zschira in https://github.com/catalyst-cooperative/pudl/pull/5264 Document newer EIA-930 renewable energy sources. by @zaneselvans in https://github.c","author":[{"family":"Selvans","given":"Zane"},{"family":"Gosnell","given":"Christina"},{"family":"Sharpe","given":"Austen"},{"family":"Schira","given":"Zachary"},{"family":"Xia","given":"Dazhong"},{"family":"Belfer","given":"Ella"},{"family":"Mazaitis","given":"Kathryn"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20750171","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20750171","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21863708","type":"article-journal","title":"Cyber-Physical Security of Renewable Energy Microgrids: A State-of-the-Art Review of Threats, Standards and Research Gaps for Sub-Sahara Africa","abstract":"Renewable energy microgrids are critical particularly to rural electrification and energy- access in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where well over 600 million people lack reliable power (IEA, 2023). These cyber-physical systems integrate solar, wind, storage, and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) control, making them vulnerable to both cyber and physical attacks. This review examines the current threat landscape, existing standards, and research gaps for securing renewable microgrids in Sub -Sahara Africa. We examined 61 studies from 2017-2025 and found that SSA microgrids face rather very unique risks like legacy devices, poor connectivity, insider threats, and limited incident response capacity. While standards like IEC 62443 and NIST CSF exist, adoption in SSA is still relatively low due to cost and skills gaps. We propose a context-aware security framework combining lightweight cyber defenses, physical hardening, and community governance. Future and prospective research need to prioritize low-cost intrusion detection, secure protocols for low-bandwidth links, and policy alignment with national energy strategies.","author":[{"family":"Thankgod","given":"Ezirim"},{"family":"Onyekachi","given":"Aniugo"},{"family":"Muhammed","given":"Sani"},{"family":"Frank","given":"Nwaokolo"},{"family":"Immanuel","given":"Obi"},{"family":"Chinedu","given":"Okoronkwo"},{"family":"Momoh","given":"Aminu"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21863708","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21863708","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21863709","type":"article-journal","title":"Cyber-Physical Security of Renewable Energy Microgrids: A State-of-the-Art Review of Threats, Standards and Research Gaps for Sub-Sahara Africa","abstract":"Renewable energy microgrids are critical particularly to rural electrification and energy- access in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where well over 600 million people lack reliable power (IEA, 2023). These cyber-physical systems integrate solar, wind, storage, and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) control, making them vulnerable to both cyber and physical attacks. This review examines the current threat landscape, existing standards, and research gaps for securing renewable microgrids in Sub -Sahara Africa. We examined 61 studies from 2017-2025 and found that SSA microgrids face rather very unique risks like legacy devices, poor connectivity, insider threats, and limited incident response capacity. While standards like IEC 62443 and NIST CSF exist, adoption in SSA is still relatively low due to cost and skills gaps. We propose a context-aware security framework combining lightweight cyber defenses, physical hardening, and community governance. Future and prospective research need to prioritize low-cost intrusion detection, secure protocols for low-bandwidth links, and policy alignment with national energy strategies.","author":[{"family":"Thankgod","given":"Ezirim"},{"family":"Onyekachi","given":"Aniugo"},{"family":"Muhammed","given":"Sani"},{"family":"Frank","given":"Nwaokolo"},{"family":"Immanuel","given":"Obi"},{"family":"Chinedu","given":"Okoronkwo"},{"family":"Momoh","given":"Aminu"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21863709","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21863709","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20283596","type":"article-journal","title":"Volatility Spillover Dynamics among Green Bonds, Renewable Energy, Clean Energy, Carbon Markets, and Oil","abstract":"This study explores volatility spillover mechanisms and time-varying dependence among green bonds, renewable energy, clean energy, carbon emission markets, and crude oil using daily data from December 2014 to January 2025. A Dynamic Conditional Multivariate Stochastic Volatility (DC-MSV) framework is employed to jointly model latent volatility dynamics and evolving cross-market correlations. The results indicate that linkages between green bonds and crude oil remain consistently weak and unstable over time, suggesting limited volatility transmission from fossil fuel markets to green bond assets. In contrast, renewable energy, clean energy, and carbon markets display stronger and more persistent interconnections, particularly during periods of elevated market uncertainty. Volatility persistence is more pronounced in energy-related markets than in green bonds, reflecting their sensitivity to policy interventions and technological changes. Overall, the findings highlight the role of green bonds as a stabilizing asset that enhances portfolio diversification under energy market volatility. The study provides relevant insights for investors, policymakers, and risk managers in the context of sustainable financial markets.","author":[{"family":"Baydaş","given":"Yunus"},{"family":"Kiliç","given":"Ethem"},{"family":"Köse","given":"Yaşar"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20283596","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20283596","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20283597","type":"article-journal","title":"Volatility Spillover Dynamics among Green Bonds, Renewable Energy, Clean Energy, Carbon Markets, and Oil","abstract":"This study explores volatility spillover mechanisms and time-varying dependence among green bonds, renewable energy, clean energy, carbon emission markets, and crude oil using daily data from December 2014 to January 2025. A Dynamic Conditional Multivariate Stochastic Volatility (DC-MSV) framework is employed to jointly model latent volatility dynamics and evolving cross-market correlations. The results indicate that linkages between green bonds and crude oil remain consistently weak and unstable over time, suggesting limited volatility transmission from fossil fuel markets to green bond assets. In contrast, renewable energy, clean energy, and carbon markets display stronger and more persistent interconnections, particularly during periods of elevated market uncertainty. Volatility persistence is more pronounced in energy-related markets than in green bonds, reflecting their sensitivity to policy interventions and technological changes. Overall, the findings highlight the role of green bonds as a stabilizing asset that enhances portfolio diversification under energy market volatility. The study provides relevant insights for investors, policymakers, and risk managers in the context of sustainable financial markets.","author":[{"family":"Baydaş","given":"Yunus"},{"family":"Kiliç","given":"Ethem"},{"family":"Köse","given":"Yaşar"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20283597","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20283597","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21340277","type":"article-journal","title":"Driving renovations through policy","abstract":"Climate change represents one of the most pressing and complex challenges of the 21st century. The continued rise in global temperatures, driven primarily by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from human activities, together with increasing climate variability, poses substantial risks to ecosystems, economies, and public health (Zeng et al., 2025). Immediate, coordinated, and sustained action is essential to mitigate these impacts through the transition to renewable energy, the widespread implementation of energy-efficiency measures, and the adoption of sustainable development practices across all sectors of society. The buildings and construction sectors play a central role in this transition; together, they account for approximately 30% of global final energy consumption and 27% of energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (United Nations Environment Programme, 2025). Energy demand associated with these sectors continues to grow as global floor area expands and reliance on energy-intensive appliances increases. Improving the performance of buildings is therefore indispensable for achieving climate neutrality. Decarbonising the buildings sector requires not only greater integration of renewable energy sources (RES) but also a fundamental redesign of energy systems at both the building and district levels. As electricity generation becomes increasingly low-carbon, the electrification of end-uses traditionally reliant on fossil fuels- particularly heating, cooling, and mobility- becomes a crucial strategy for economy-wide emissions reductions (IEA, 2022). This transformation is expected to reshape energy demand patterns, especially with the projected increase in electric vehicles (EVs) and heat pumps, both central to delivering clean and efficient building- and district-level services. Recognising this, the EC recommends a 90% reduction target in GHG emissions by 2040, with the buildings sector expected to deliver up to 92% of the required savings (Hesse & Braungardt, 2024). Yet national projections indicate that current policies are insufficient: existing measures would reduce building-related emissions by only 42% by 2030 and 53% by 2040, revealing a substantial gap between ambition and implementation. Key performance indicators- carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions reduction, energy savings, renewable energy uptake, and renovation rates- remain more than 40% below the required trajectories (Amorocho et al., 2024). To bridge this gap, the EU has adopted a comprehensive policy package: The “Renovation Wave” strategy (2020) (European Commission (EC), 2020a) aims to at least double annual energy renovation rates by 2030. Recent revisions of the Energy Efficiency Directive (EED) in 2023 (European Commission (EC), 2023c) and the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) in 2024 (European Commission (EC), 2024), introduce more stringent performance requirements, strengthen minimum energy performance standards (MEPS), promote the phaseout of fossil-fuel boilers, and mandate that all new buildings achieve zero-emission status by 2030, with the existing building stock following by 2050. The following policy recommendations are designed to support the wide deployment and long-term sustainability of the renovation solutions developed and demonstrated within FORTESIE. They respond directly to the project’s objectives, which call for the formulation of clear, actionable messages for European, national, and regional/ local policymakers, as well as for industry associations and civil-society organisations engaged in the building-renovation agenda. The purpose is to translate the empirical evidence generated through the project’s pilots, together with cross-cutting insights from WP2-WP5 and the broader policy analysis presented in Section 2 into recommendations that can inform legislative processes, guide implementation efforts, and strengthen the enabling conditions for ESIE-oriented renovation services across Europe. Recommendations are s","author":[{"family":"Papantonis","given":"Dimitris"},{"family":"Stavrakas","given":"Vassilis"},{"family":"Maia","given":"Marta"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21340277","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21340277","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21340278","type":"article-journal","title":"Driving renovations through policy","abstract":"Climate change represents one of the most pressing and complex challenges of the 21st century. The continued rise in global temperatures, driven primarily by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from human activities, together with increasing climate variability, poses substantial risks to ecosystems, economies, and public health (Zeng et al., 2025). Immediate, coordinated, and sustained action is essential to mitigate these impacts through the transition to renewable energy, the widespread implementation of energy-efficiency measures, and the adoption of sustainable development practices across all sectors of society. The buildings and construction sectors play a central role in this transition; together, they account for approximately 30% of global final energy consumption and 27% of energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (United Nations Environment Programme, 2025). Energy demand associated with these sectors continues to grow as global floor area expands and reliance on energy-intensive appliances increases. Improving the performance of buildings is therefore indispensable for achieving climate neutrality. Decarbonising the buildings sector requires not only greater integration of renewable energy sources (RES) but also a fundamental redesign of energy systems at both the building and district levels. As electricity generation becomes increasingly low-carbon, the electrification of end-uses traditionally reliant on fossil fuels- particularly heating, cooling, and mobility- becomes a crucial strategy for economy-wide emissions reductions (IEA, 2022). This transformation is expected to reshape energy demand patterns, especially with the projected increase in electric vehicles (EVs) and heat pumps, both central to delivering clean and efficient building- and district-level services. Recognising this, the EC recommends a 90% reduction target in GHG emissions by 2040, with the buildings sector expected to deliver up to 92% of the required savings (Hesse & Braungardt, 2024). Yet national projections indicate that current policies are insufficient: existing measures would reduce building-related emissions by only 42% by 2030 and 53% by 2040, revealing a substantial gap between ambition and implementation. Key performance indicators- carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions reduction, energy savings, renewable energy uptake, and renovation rates- remain more than 40% below the required trajectories (Amorocho et al., 2024). To bridge this gap, the EU has adopted a comprehensive policy package: The “Renovation Wave” strategy (2020) (European Commission (EC), 2020a) aims to at least double annual energy renovation rates by 2030. Recent revisions of the Energy Efficiency Directive (EED) in 2023 (European Commission (EC), 2023c) and the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) in 2024 (European Commission (EC), 2024), introduce more stringent performance requirements, strengthen minimum energy performance standards (MEPS), promote the phaseout of fossil-fuel boilers, and mandate that all new buildings achieve zero-emission status by 2030, with the existing building stock following by 2050. The following policy recommendations are designed to support the wide deployment and long-term sustainability of the renovation solutions developed and demonstrated within FORTESIE. They respond directly to the project’s objectives, which call for the formulation of clear, actionable messages for European, national, and regional/ local policymakers, as well as for industry associations and civil-society organisations engaged in the building-renovation agenda. The purpose is to translate the empirical evidence generated through the project’s pilots, together with cross-cutting insights from WP2-WP5 and the broader policy analysis presented in Section 2 into recommendations that can inform legislative processes, guide implementation efforts, and strengthen the enabling conditions for ESIE-oriented renovation services across Europe. Recommendations are s","author":[{"family":"Papantonis","given":"Dimitris"},{"family":"Stavrakas","given":"Vassilis"},{"family":"Maia","given":"Marta"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21340278","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21340278","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21824035","type":"article-journal","title":"PLANtoACT Task 2.2: Renewable Energy Potentials Analysis Data","abstract":"Description This repository presents the results of the renewable energy potentials estimation carried out within Work Package 2 (WP2, Task 2.2) of the PLANtoACT project. PLANtoACT is a LIFE Programme–funded project (October 2025–September 2028) that develops, tests, and promotes a stakeholder-driven, spatially detailed integrated energy planning approach to help European Local and Regional Authorities move from clean energy transition targets to coordinated, financed, and implementable action. Scope of the data assembly The dataset provides spatial data for the estimation of renewable energy potentials for the five pilot regions of the project: Oberland (Germany), Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (France), Lombardia (Italy), the Porto Metropolitan Area (Portugal), and Alba County (Romania). Data collection methodology and validation The data was obtained by combining globally available data sources (e.g., CORINE Land Cover dataset) with local, region-specific sources where available (such as 3D building models). The renewable energy potential estimation considered two main technologies: photovoltaic (PV) and wind. For PV, four deployment configurations were analysed: agri-PV, ground-mounted PV, and rooftop PV on both residential and non-residential buildings. For wind, onshore turbines were assessed across all pilot regions. Repository contents The repository is organized by pilot region. For each region, the repository provides the following specific files: pv_potentials.txt: Region-specific documentation detailing the pv energy potentials per deployment configurations. wind_potentials.txt: Region-specific documentation detailing the wind energy potentials per deployment configurations. ren_ene_potentials.gpkg: Complete dataset containing pv and wind energy potentials at municipal level. References List of all data used. Globally available data: Copernicus CORINE Land Cover (CLC 2018): European Environment Agency (2019). CORINE Land Cover 2018 (vector/raster 100 m), Europe, 6-yearly, version 2020_20u1. Copernicus Land Monitoring Service. [Dataset] https://doi.org/10.2909/71c95a07-e296-44fc-b22b-415f42acfdf0 Copernicus DSM (100 m): European Space Agency / Copernicus Programme. Copernicus DEM — Global and European Digital Elevation Model, GLO-30 instance (30 m native resolution, data acquired by the TanDEM-X mission 2011–2015), resampled to 100 m (EU-LAEA projection). [Dataset] https://dataspace.copernicus.eu/explore-data/data-collections/copernicus-contributing-missions/collections-description/COP-DEM Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem EEA Nationally Designated Areas (NatDA): European Environment Agency. Nationally designated areas — the official source of protected area information from the 38 European member countries to the World Database of Protected Areas (WDPA), maintained by the EEA with support from the European Topic Centre on Data Integration and Digitalisation (formerly the Common Database on Designated Areas, CDDA). [Dataset] https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/nationally-designated-areas-national-cdda-17 EMODnet EEA Natura 2000: European Environment Agency. Natura 2000 — spatial data (end-2021 release, revision 1). Ecological network of protected sites under the Birds Directive (1979) and Habitats Directive (1992). [Dataset] https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/natura-14 Global Wind Atlas (wind power density): Floors, R. et al. (2025). Global Wind Atlas v4, https://doi.org/10.11583/DTU.28955267. Produced and maintained by the Global Wind Atlas, Department of Wind Energy at the Technical University of Denmark (DTU Wind Energy) and the World Bank Group. [Dataset] https://globalwindatlas.info figshareGEE Community Catalog JRC DBSM: Martínez, A. M., Kakoulaki, G., Florio, P., Politis, P., Gounari, O. (2026). DBSM R2025: EU Digital Building Stock Model update including satellite-based attributes and rooftop photovoltaics potential. European Commission, Joint Research Centre. [Dataset] https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/d","author":[{"family":"Zilio","given":"Samuele"},{"family":"Zandonella Callegher","given":"Claudio"},{"family":"Prina","given":"Matteo"},{"family":"D'alonzo","given":"Valentina"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21824035","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21824035","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21824034","type":"article-journal","title":"PLANtoACT Task 2.2: Renewable Energy Potentials Analysis Data","abstract":"Description This repository presents the results of the renewable energy potentials estimation carried out within Work Package 2 (WP2, Task 2.2) of the PLANtoACT project. PLANtoACT is a LIFE Programme–funded project (October 2025–September 2028) that develops, tests, and promotes a stakeholder-driven, spatially detailed integrated energy planning approach to help European Local and Regional Authorities move from clean energy transition targets to coordinated, financed, and implementable action. Scope of the data assembly The dataset provides spatial data for the estimation of renewable energy potentials for the five pilot regions of the project: Oberland (Germany), Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (France), Lombardia (Italy), the Porto Metropolitan Area (Portugal), and Alba County (Romania). Data collection methodology and validation The data was obtained by combining globally available data sources (e.g., CORINE Land Cover dataset) with local, region-specific sources where available (such as 3D building models). The renewable energy potential estimation considered two main technologies: photovoltaic (PV) and wind. For PV, four deployment configurations were analysed: agri-PV, ground-mounted PV, and rooftop PV on both residential and non-residential buildings. For wind, onshore turbines were assessed across all pilot regions. Repository contents The repository is organized by pilot region. For each region, the repository provides the following specific files: pv_potentials.txt: Region-specific documentation detailing the pv energy potentials per deployment configurations. wind_potentials.txt: Region-specific documentation detailing the wind energy potentials per deployment configurations. ren_ene_potentials.gpkg: Complete dataset containing pv and wind energy potentials at municipal level. References List of all data used. Globally available data: Copernicus CORINE Land Cover (CLC 2018): European Environment Agency (2019). CORINE Land Cover 2018 (vector/raster 100 m), Europe, 6-yearly, version 2020_20u1. Copernicus Land Monitoring Service. [Dataset] https://doi.org/10.2909/71c95a07-e296-44fc-b22b-415f42acfdf0 Copernicus DSM (100 m): European Space Agency / Copernicus Programme. Copernicus DEM — Global and European Digital Elevation Model, GLO-30 instance (30 m native resolution, data acquired by the TanDEM-X mission 2011–2015), resampled to 100 m (EU-LAEA projection). [Dataset] https://dataspace.copernicus.eu/explore-data/data-collections/copernicus-contributing-missions/collections-description/COP-DEM Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem EEA Nationally Designated Areas (NatDA): European Environment Agency. Nationally designated areas — the official source of protected area information from the 38 European member countries to the World Database of Protected Areas (WDPA), maintained by the EEA with support from the European Topic Centre on Data Integration and Digitalisation (formerly the Common Database on Designated Areas, CDDA). [Dataset] https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/nationally-designated-areas-national-cdda-17 EMODnet EEA Natura 2000: European Environment Agency. Natura 2000 — spatial data (end-2021 release, revision 1). Ecological network of protected sites under the Birds Directive (1979) and Habitats Directive (1992). [Dataset] https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/natura-14 Global Wind Atlas (wind power density): Floors, R. et al. (2025). Global Wind Atlas v4, https://doi.org/10.11583/DTU.28955267. Produced and maintained by the Global Wind Atlas, Department of Wind Energy at the Technical University of Denmark (DTU Wind Energy) and the World Bank Group. [Dataset] https://globalwindatlas.info figshareGEE Community Catalog JRC DBSM: Martínez, A. M., Kakoulaki, G., Florio, P., Politis, P., Gounari, O. (2026). DBSM R2025: EU Digital Building Stock Model update including satellite-based attributes and rooftop photovoltaics potential. European Commission, Joint Research Centre. [Dataset] https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/d","author":[{"family":"Zilio","given":"Samuele"},{"family":"Zandonella Callegher","given":"Claudio"},{"family":"Prina","given":"Matteo"},{"family":"D'alonzo","given":"Valentina"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21824034","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21824034","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.4121/b18de4df-0f67-4a6f-aa84-6634cdd63991.v3","type":"article-journal","title":"GLASS Dataset: Generative-AI Large-customer Smart-meter Samples","abstract":"This dataset contains synthetic daily load profiles for large-customer smart meters, produced by a flow-matching generative model. Each row represents a single day of a single synthetic sample: 96 power values at 15-minute resolution (in kW), conditioned on customer category, generation type, scenario, and consumption/generation level. This dataset is published as part of [OpenSynth](https://lfenergy.org/projects/opensynth/), an [LF Energy](https://lfenergy.org/) project that democratizes synthetic energy data to accelerate the decarbonization of global energy systems. The dataset is hosted on [HuggingFace](https://huggingface.co/OpenSynth) and [SURF 4TU Data Repository](https://data.4tu.nl/) and generated using the [SmartMeterFM](https://github.com/sentient-codebot/SmartMeterFM) model trained on [Liander N.V.](https://www.liander.nl/) smart meter data of large customers. These are \"grootverbruikers\" according to the Dutch Energy law that have a grid connection with capacity between 60 and 160 kW.","author":[{"family":"Lin","given":"Nan"},{"family":"Heres","given":"Jacco"},{"family":"Barrios","given":"Pedro"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.4121/b18de4df-0f67-4a6f-aa84-6634cdd63991.v3","URL":"https://doi.org/10.4121/b18de4df-0f67-4a6f-aa84-6634cdd63991.v3","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.4121/b18de4df-0f67-4a6f-aa84-6634cdd63991.v1","type":"article-journal","title":"GLASS Dataset: Generative-AI Large-customer Smart-meter Samples","abstract":"This dataset contains synthetic daily load profiles for large-customer smart meters, produced by a flow-matching generative model. Each row represents a single day of a single synthetic sample: 96 power values at 15-minute resolution (in kW), conditioned on customer category, generation type, scenario, and consumption/generation level. This dataset is published as part of [OpenSynth](https://lfenergy.org/projects/opensynth/), an [LF Energy](https://lfenergy.org/) project that democratizes synthetic energy data to accelerate the decarbonization of global energy systems. The dataset is hosted on [HuggingFace](https://huggingface.co/OpenSynth) and [SURF 4TU Data Repository](https://data.4tu.nl/) and generated using the [SmartMeterFM](https://github.com/sentient-codebot/SmartMeterFM) model trained on [Liander N.V.](https://www.liander.nl/) smart meter data of large customers. These are \"grootverbruikers\" according to the Dutch Energy law that have a grid connection with capacity between 60 and 160 kW.","author":[{"family":"Lin","given":"Nan"},{"family":"Heres","given":"Jacco"},{"family":"Barrios","given":"Pedro"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.4121/b18de4df-0f67-4a6f-aa84-6634cdd63991.v1","URL":"https://doi.org/10.4121/b18de4df-0f67-4a6f-aa84-6634cdd63991.v1","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.4121/b18de4df-0f67-4a6f-aa84-6634cdd63991","type":"article-journal","title":"GLASS Dataset: Generative-AI Large-customer Smart-meter Samples","abstract":"This dataset contains synthetic daily load profiles for large-customer smart meters, produced by a flow-matching generative model. Each row represents a single day of a single synthetic sample: 96 power values at 15-minute resolution (in kW), conditioned on customer category, generation type, scenario, and consumption/generation level. This dataset is published as part of [OpenSynth](https://lfenergy.org/projects/opensynth/), an [LF Energy](https://lfenergy.org/) project that democratizes synthetic energy data to accelerate the decarbonization of global energy systems. The dataset is hosted on [HuggingFace](https://huggingface.co/OpenSynth) and [SURF 4TU Data Repository](https://data.4tu.nl/) and generated using the [SmartMeterFM](https://github.com/sentient-codebot/SmartMeterFM) model trained on [Liander N.V.](https://www.liander.nl/) smart meter data of large customers. These are \"grootverbruikers\" according to the Dutch Energy law that have a grid connection with capacity between 60 and 160 kW.","author":[{"family":"Lin","given":"Nan"},{"family":"Heres","given":"Jacco"},{"family":"Barrios","given":"Pedro"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.4121/b18de4df-0f67-4a6f-aa84-6634cdd63991","URL":"https://doi.org/10.4121/b18de4df-0f67-4a6f-aa84-6634cdd63991","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.17243006","type":"article-journal","title":"Optimisation of a district heating network with large-scale storage.","abstract":"Presentation in the framework of the 2025 International Scientific Conference on the Built Environment in Transition (CISBAT) in Lausanne, Switzerland. Associated publication: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3140/6/062012 Abstract: Achieving net-zero targets requires the phase-out of fossil-based heating. A major challenge is the seasonal mismatch between renewable heat supply and demand. District heating networks often dispose of excess heat in summer and rely on fossil backups in winter. Large-scale thermal energy storage offers a solution by storing surplus summer heat for use during winter, thus reducing the need for fossil fuels. This study investigates the feasibility of a large-scale thermal storage system at a power production site that supplies a large district heating network in the city of Bern, Switzerland. Specifically, the study examines the potential of a geothermal storage system to offset fossil fuel heat generation in winter by utilising heat stored during the summer months. Using a Python-based multi-energy system model, we simulate the optimal operation of the geothermal storage system with respect to cost and emissions, considering both supply and demand on an hourly basis over one year. Multi-objective optimisation is applied to generate a Pareto-optimal front. The results show that the geothermal storage system eliminates the requirement of 8 GWh of gas-powered heat supply and increases the waste heat utilisation by 20%, therefore lowering emissions. This effect is further increased when combined with an expansion of the district heating network, as individual, emission-heavy heaters are replaced by low-emission heat from the district heating network. The findings presented in this study can prove useful when evaluating similar systems across Switzerland.","author":[{"family":"Schilt","given":"Ueli"},{"family":"Vijayananda","given":"Somesh"},{"family":"Schneeberger","given":"Sarah"},{"family":"Meyer","given":"Manuel"},{"family":"Iyyakkunnel","given":"Santhosh"},{"family":"Vecsei","given":"Pascal"},{"family":"Schuetz","given":"Philipp"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.17243006","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17243006","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21105484","type":"article-journal","title":"Dataset of \"Multi-Objective Optimization of Priority-Based Energy Sharing in Renewable Energy Communities Using NSGA-II\"","abstract":"This paper presents a two-layer simulation and optimization framework for the operation of renewable energy communities (RECs) with multiple metering points. The lower layer is the KOMEN deterministic simulation model, which evaluates power flows among individual connection points comprising local photovoltaic (PV) generation, fixed and flexible loads, battery energy storage systems (BESS), electric vehicle (EV) charging, and grid import/export within 15 min settlement intervals. The upper layer applies the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) to jointly optimize the priority ordering and allocation weights that govern intra-community energy dispatch. The continuous decision vector contains 32 variables (of which 26 are active in the default configuration) encoding priority ranks and fractional weights for three energy sources across three connection points. The framework targets six competing operational objectives—grid import, grid export, shared energy, PV curtailment, battery cycling throughput, and flexible-load switching—of which the active subset depends on the community's operating regime in the studied period. The framework is demonstrated on a three-node REC featuring a 15kW PV system, a 10kW/20kWh local BESS, a community-scale 20kW/50kWh BESS, 11kW EV charging, and two shiftable controllable loads. Profiles are derived from five-minute measured data of a real PV installation in Pohořelice, Czech Republic; October 2025 was selected as the representative month via a full-year baseline simulation. Five operational scenarios are compared. For the selected month, the optimization reduces grid import by 7.1% and flexible-load switching activity by 83% relative to the baseline. Isolating the decision variables reveals that the ordering of dispatch priorities is the dominant control lever—priority-only optimization attains the full improvement, while allocation-weight tuning alone cannot reach the low-import region—with the combined optimization matching the priority-only result and extending the sharing trade-off only marginally. Repeating the analysis for an export-dominated summer month and a deepwinter month confirms that the benefit is strongly regime-dependent—largest in the transition-deficit month—while the effect on switching activity is also regime-dependent, with substantial reductions in the deficit-dominated months but an increase in the selected summer solution. The measured generation and household-consumption profiles are linearly scaled to the community size; the multi-node topology, storage, EV charging, and controllable loads are modeled, making this a hybrid measured–synthetic study.","author":[{"family":"Vrtal","given":"Matěj"},{"family":"Bouzek","given":"Karel"},{"family":"Paušová","given":"Šárka"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21105484","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21105484","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21105485","type":"article-journal","title":"Dataset of \"Multi-Objective Optimization of Priority-Based Energy Sharing in Renewable Energy Communities Using NSGA-II\"","abstract":"This paper presents a two-layer simulation and optimization framework for the operation of renewable energy communities (RECs) with multiple metering points. The lower layer is the KOMEN deterministic simulation model, which evaluates power flows among individual connection points comprising local photovoltaic (PV) generation, fixed and flexible loads, battery energy storage systems (BESS), electric vehicle (EV) charging, and grid import/export within 15 min settlement intervals. The upper layer applies the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) to jointly optimize the priority ordering and allocation weights that govern intra-community energy dispatch. The continuous decision vector contains 32 variables (of which 26 are active in the default configuration) encoding priority ranks and fractional weights for three energy sources across three connection points. The framework targets six competing operational objectives—grid import, grid export, shared energy, PV curtailment, battery cycling throughput, and flexible-load switching—of which the active subset depends on the community's operating regime in the studied period. The framework is demonstrated on a three-node REC featuring a 15kW PV system, a 10kW/20kWh local BESS, a community-scale 20kW/50kWh BESS, 11kW EV charging, and two shiftable controllable loads. Profiles are derived from five-minute measured data of a real PV installation in Pohořelice, Czech Republic; October 2025 was selected as the representative month via a full-year baseline simulation. Five operational scenarios are compared. For the selected month, the optimization reduces grid import by 7.1% and flexible-load switching activity by 83% relative to the baseline. Isolating the decision variables reveals that the ordering of dispatch priorities is the dominant control lever—priority-only optimization attains the full improvement, while allocation-weight tuning alone cannot reach the low-import region—with the combined optimization matching the priority-only result and extending the sharing trade-off only marginally. Repeating the analysis for an export-dominated summer month and a deepwinter month confirms that the benefit is strongly regime-dependent—largest in the transition-deficit month—while the effect on switching activity is also regime-dependent, with substantial reductions in the deficit-dominated months but an increase in the selected summer solution. The measured generation and household-consumption profiles are linearly scaled to the community size; the multi-node topology, storage, EV charging, and controllable loads are modeled, making this a hybrid measured–synthetic study.","author":[{"family":"Vrtal","given":"Matěj"},{"family":"Bouzek","given":"Karel"},{"family":"Paušová","given":"Šárka"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21105485","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21105485","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2608.18126","type":"manuscript","title":"Optimizing Energy Efficiency and Grid Stability via Public EV Charging Flexibility","abstract":"This study evaluates the potential of electric vehicle (EV) charging flexibility to enhance both energy efficiency and power grid stability. Using real-world data from public charging stations in Prague, we analyze individual and aggregated charging sessions to explore how optimizing charging times can reduce energy waste, minimize grid imbalances, and support the integration of renewable energy. By aligning EV charging with periods of lower grid demand and higher renewable generation, we demonstrate a significant improvement in energy efficiency, reduc ing the need for costly system support and ancillary services. Our findings suggest that cooperation between power distributors and transmission system operators can unlock new opportunities for maintaining grid stability while promoting sustainable energy use in an increasingly uncertain energy landscape.","author":[{"family":"Miltner","given":"Marek"},{"family":"Bryksa","given":"Artem"},{"family":"Štogl","given":"Ondřej"},{"family":"Vašata","given":"Daniel"},{"family":"Friedjungová","given":"Magda"},{"family":"Rajagopal","given":"Ram"},{"family":"Starý","given":"Oldřich"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.48550/arxiv.2608.18126","URL":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.18126","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19674796","type":"article-journal","title":"Design, Performance, and Economic Implication of Solar Powered Smart Power Box","abstract":"This paper (Design, Performance, and Economic Implications of a Solar Powered Smart Power Box) was inspired by the fact that the power outage in Nigeria has remained a troubling phenomenon that negatively impacts communication, productivity and other economic activities at the small scale. The proposed research seeks to develop and build a small, affordable, mobile, and solar-powered smart power box that could charge mobile phones, rechargeable light/fan and power banks and assess its technical and economic applicability. The questions that are answered throughout the study are whether a simple non-microcontroller based solar system can offer a reliable form of charging and whether such a system can minimize the reliance on grid electricity and commercial charging centres. Primary data were created by conducting experimental tests of a prototype system comprising of a 6V solar panel, TP4056 charging module, 3.7V lithium-ion battery and boost converter, where the performance information was recorded at different sunlight conditions during the 2024/2025 season. The quantitative analysis methods were descriptive and basic to assess the voltage stability, charging time, efficiency and operational reliability. It was found that the system provides a steady 5V output that can be used with USB, that the charging efficiency is reasonable, and that the system can be safely used in the real world. The results indicate a great economic advantage i.e. fewer expenses on energy to users, better access to power by the low-income and rural citizens and potential of small-scale entrepreneurship. Such policy suggestions can also be the advocacy of low-cost decentralized solar technologies, the encouragement of local manufacture of renewable energy devices, and the inclusion of small solar solutions in the rural electrification plans. JEL Classification Codes: Q42, Q48, O13, O33.","author":[{"family":"Abdulwahab","given":"Sarafadeen"},{"family":"Ibrahim","given":"Usman"},{"family":"Kazeem O","given":"Raji"},{"family":"Itumah","given":"Ndubuisi"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19674796","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19674796","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19674797","type":"article-journal","title":"Design, Performance, and Economic Implication of Solar Powered Smart Power Box","abstract":"This paper (Design, Performance, and Economic Implications of a Solar Powered Smart Power Box) was inspired by the fact that the power outage in Nigeria has remained a troubling phenomenon that negatively impacts communication, productivity and other economic activities at the small scale. The proposed research seeks to develop and build a small, affordable, mobile, and solar-powered smart power box that could charge mobile phones, rechargeable light/fan and power banks and assess its technical and economic applicability. The questions that are answered throughout the study are whether a simple non-microcontroller based solar system can offer a reliable form of charging and whether such a system can minimize the reliance on grid electricity and commercial charging centres. Primary data were created by conducting experimental tests of a prototype system comprising of a 6V solar panel, TP4056 charging module, 3.7V lithium-ion battery and boost converter, where the performance information was recorded at different sunlight conditions during the 2024/2025 season. The quantitative analysis methods were descriptive and basic to assess the voltage stability, charging time, efficiency and operational reliability. It was found that the system provides a steady 5V output that can be used with USB, that the charging efficiency is reasonable, and that the system can be safely used in the real world. The results indicate a great economic advantage i.e. fewer expenses on energy to users, better access to power by the low-income and rural citizens and potential of small-scale entrepreneurship. Such policy suggestions can also be the advocacy of low-cost decentralized solar technologies, the encouragement of local manufacture of renewable energy devices, and the inclusion of small solar solutions in the rural electrification plans. JEL Classification Codes: Q42, Q48, O13, O33.","author":[{"family":"Abdulwahab","given":"Sarafadeen"},{"family":"Ibrahim","given":"Usman"},{"family":"Kazeem O","given":"Raji"},{"family":"Itumah","given":"Ndubuisi"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19674797","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19674797","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.24406/publica-8604","type":"article-journal","title":"GHG intensity of electricity mixes in 2024: Assessing the impact of photovoltaic generation in the European Union","abstract":"This study generates updated country-specific greenhouse gas (GHG) intensities of medium-voltage electricity consumption mixes for EU nations in 2024. Building on the ecoinvent database as a baseline, the photovoltaic generation at medium voltage was adapted to account for all renewable sources at this level. The updated renewable shares for modeling the electricity mixes were derived from the ENTSO-E data of 2024 curated by Fraunhofer ISE in the Energy-Charts. This update is particularly relevant given solar power's rapid growth to 10% of total EU electricity generation in 2024, while renewables overall reached 46%, becoming the EU's largest electricity source. Results show substantial variation in national GHG intensities, ranging from 51 g CO2-eq/kWh in France to 847 g CO2-eq/kWh in Poland. Compared to 2021 baseline values, 19 of 22 countries demonstrated GHG emission reductions between 12% and 52%. The model update significantly influenced the GHG intensity reductions, particularly in countries where solar electricity generation exceeded 10 TWh/a in 2024 and represented more than 5% of the electricity mix, including Germany, Spain, Italy, Poland, and Greece. A sensitivity analysis for Germany indicates that voltage-level allocation assumptions influence medium-voltage GHG intensities by up to 5%, whereas high-voltage intensities remain largely unaffected. These updated GHG intensities reflect the rapidly evolving European electricity landscape and can support more accurate life cycle assessments, particularly for products manufactured in medium-to small-scale industries using medium voltage electricity.","author":[{"family":"Molina Sánchez","given":"Pamela"},{"family":"Khan","given":"Muhammad"},{"family":"Torruri","given":"Nikhil"},{"family":"Reichel","given":"Christian"},{"family":"Kilchert","given":"Sebastian"},{"family":"Nold","given":"Sebastian"},{"family":"Neuhaus","given":"Holger"},{"family":"Unav"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.24406/publica-8604","URL":"https://doi.org/10.24406/publica-8604","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20352031","type":"article-journal","title":"Effect of Ammonia on the Characteristics of a Diesel Engine","abstract":"Growing concerns over fossil fuel depletion and tightening global emission standards have compelled the engineering community to look beyond conventional diesel as the sole fuel for compression-ignition engines. Among the alternatives receiving serious research attention, ammonia (NH₃) stands out because it carries no carbon whatsoever — meaning its combustion produces no carbon dioxide, no carbon monoxide from its own chain, and no soot. It can also be synthesised entirely from renewable electricity and atmospheric nitrogen, giving it a credible pathway to a genuinely carbon-neutral fuel cycle. This project investigates, through a structured review of published experimental literature and a supporting machine learning analysis, how the progressive substitution of diesel with ammonia — in a dual-fuel compression-ignition configuration — alters engine performance, combustion behaviour, and exhaust emission characteristics. Data and findings are drawn from eight carefully selected peer-reviewed studies spanning the period 2011 to 2024, covering a range of engine types, operating speeds, load conditions, and ammonia energy fractions from zero to fifty percent. The review reveals that moderate ammonia substitution, up to roughly fifteen to twenty percent of total fuel energy, can reduce CO₂ emissions by eighteen to twenty percent and smoke opacity by forty to fifty percent with an acceptable brake thermal efficiency (BTE) penalty of less than three percentage points. Beyond this threshold, combustion instability grows, ammonia slip increases in the exhaust, and BTE declines more steeply. NOx emissions, driven primarily by fuel-bound nitrogen rather than the thermal mechanism familiar from pure diesel operation, rise sharply even at low ammonia fractions and represent the most significant emissions management challenge. Selective catalytic reduction aftertreatment, which can utilise exhaust ammonia as its own reductant, emerges as the natural and necessary partner technology. Three machine learning models — an Artificial Neural Network, a Random Forest ensemble, and XGBoost — were trained on a dataset assembled from the reviewed literature to predict NOx emissions and BTE. The Random Forest model delivered the highest accuracy, with R² values of 0.974 for NOx and 0.968 for BTE. Feature importance analysis confirmed that ammonia energy fraction is the single most influential variable for NOx, while engine load dominates BTE prediction. These findings provide quantitative guidance for engine calibration and control strategy development in future ammonia-capable powertrains.","author":[{"family":"Kumar","given":"Aditya"},{"family":"Patel","given":"Aditya"},{"family":"Yadav","given":"Aditya"},{"family":"Gautam","given":"Dr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20352031","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20352031","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20352032","type":"article-journal","title":"Effect of Ammonia on the Characteristics of a Diesel Engine","abstract":"Growing concerns over fossil fuel depletion and tightening global emission standards have compelled the engineering community to look beyond conventional diesel as the sole fuel for compression-ignition engines. Among the alternatives receiving serious research attention, ammonia (NH₃) stands out because it carries no carbon whatsoever — meaning its combustion produces no carbon dioxide, no carbon monoxide from its own chain, and no soot. It can also be synthesised entirely from renewable electricity and atmospheric nitrogen, giving it a credible pathway to a genuinely carbon-neutral fuel cycle. This project investigates, through a structured review of published experimental literature and a supporting machine learning analysis, how the progressive substitution of diesel with ammonia — in a dual-fuel compression-ignition configuration — alters engine performance, combustion behaviour, and exhaust emission characteristics. Data and findings are drawn from eight carefully selected peer-reviewed studies spanning the period 2011 to 2024, covering a range of engine types, operating speeds, load conditions, and ammonia energy fractions from zero to fifty percent. The review reveals that moderate ammonia substitution, up to roughly fifteen to twenty percent of total fuel energy, can reduce CO₂ emissions by eighteen to twenty percent and smoke opacity by forty to fifty percent with an acceptable brake thermal efficiency (BTE) penalty of less than three percentage points. Beyond this threshold, combustion instability grows, ammonia slip increases in the exhaust, and BTE declines more steeply. NOx emissions, driven primarily by fuel-bound nitrogen rather than the thermal mechanism familiar from pure diesel operation, rise sharply even at low ammonia fractions and represent the most significant emissions management challenge. Selective catalytic reduction aftertreatment, which can utilise exhaust ammonia as its own reductant, emerges as the natural and necessary partner technology. Three machine learning models — an Artificial Neural Network, a Random Forest ensemble, and XGBoost — were trained on a dataset assembled from the reviewed literature to predict NOx emissions and BTE. The Random Forest model delivered the highest accuracy, with R² values of 0.974 for NOx and 0.968 for BTE. Feature importance analysis confirmed that ammonia energy fraction is the single most influential variable for NOx, while engine load dominates BTE prediction. These findings provide quantitative guidance for engine calibration and control strategy development in future ammonia-capable powertrains.","author":[{"family":"Kumar","given":"Aditya"},{"family":"Patel","given":"Aditya"},{"family":"Yadav","given":"Aditya"},{"family":"Gautam","given":"Dr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20352032","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20352032","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21413159","type":"article-journal","title":"ENERGY AUDITING ANALYSIS OF ELECTRICAL LOAD","abstract":"The increasing demand for electrical energy in Karnataka necessitates efficient monitoring and optimization of energy usage. This paper presents a comprehensive energy auditing study based on electrical load consumption data obtained from Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited (KPTCL). The study focuses on comparative load curve analysis for January 2024 and January 2025. The analysis identifies variations in peak load, base load, and daily consumption trends. Results indicate that peak demand occurs during daytime operational hours, while minimum demand is observed during late-night hours. The study also highlights differences between weekday and weekend consumption patterns. The findings provide insights for demand-side management, loss reduction, and efficient grid operation. Recommendations such as load shifting, smart grid adoption, and renewable energy integration are proposed to enhance overall system efficiency.","author":[{"family":"Krishnaveni"},{"family":"Prasad","given":"Ananthu"},{"family":"Kumar","given":"TV"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21413159","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21413159","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21413160","type":"article-journal","title":"ENERGY AUDITING ANALYSIS OF ELECTRICAL LOAD","abstract":"The increasing demand for electrical energy in Karnataka necessitates efficient monitoring and optimization of energy usage. This paper presents a comprehensive energy auditing study based on electrical load consumption data obtained from Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited (KPTCL). The study focuses on comparative load curve analysis for January 2024 and January 2025. The analysis identifies variations in peak load, base load, and daily consumption trends. Results indicate that peak demand occurs during daytime operational hours, while minimum demand is observed during late-night hours. The study also highlights differences between weekday and weekend consumption patterns. The findings provide insights for demand-side management, loss reduction, and efficient grid operation. Recommendations such as load shifting, smart grid adoption, and renewable energy integration are proposed to enhance overall system efficiency.","author":[{"family":"Krishnaveni"},{"family":"Prasad","given":"Ananthu"},{"family":"Kumar","given":"TV"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21413160","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21413160","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.24406/publica-5886","type":"article-journal","title":"Experimental optimization of modified solar distillation system using black horse algorithm and 6E/HT analysis for sustainable freshwater production","abstract":"Solar distillation is an effective and practical approach to tackling the global freshwater crisis, especially in water-scarce regions The present study focuses on optimizing the thermo-economic performance of solar still (SS) systems through both experimental investigations and analytical evaluations. Three configurations were examined: (i) a conventional solar still (Case I), (ii) a modified solar still integrated with a vortex tube and ultrasonic fogger (Case II), and (iii) an advanced modification that additionally incorporates a solar air heater (Case III). Experiments were conducted under outdoor conditions at Kermanshah University of Technology, Iran, during June 2024, with precise measurements of temperature, solar radiation, and distilled water yield. The Black Horse Algorithm, combined with comprehensive 6E/HT analyses (Energy, Exergy, Economic, Exergo-economic, Environmental, and Enviro-economic analyses, as well as Sustainability and Heat Transfer), was employed to maximize freshwater production. Results demonstrate that Case III significantly outperforms other configurations, achieving a daily freshwater yield of 1127 mL/m2.day, a 206.66 % improvement over Case I, which yields 367.5 mL/m2.day. Energy and Exergy efficiencies improved by 194.74 % and 282.53 %, respectively, with energy and exergy payback times of 1.69 and 4.14 years. Economically, Case III offers a competitive production cost of 0.245 $/L/m2 over a 10-year lifespan. Through optimization, Case III achieved an enhanced daily yield of 1146.97 mL/m2.day, underscoring its potential as a sustainable, cost-effective, and renewable-energy-driven desalination solution for innovative urban applications.","author":[{"family":"Khanjani","given":"Sajjad"},{"family":"Khanmohammadi","given":"Shoaib"},{"family":"Gorjian","given":"Shiva"},{"family":"Moradvandi","given":"Maziar"},{"family":"Unav"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.24406/publica-5886","URL":"https://doi.org/10.24406/publica-5886","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20932462","type":"article-journal","title":"The Circular Energy Silicon Grid (CSG)","abstract":"The Circular Energy Silicon Grid (CSG) — Strategic Masterplan, v2 This document presents the system architecture and strategic masterplan for the Circular Energy Silicon Grid (CSG), a closed-loop national energy system designed to resolve seasonal storage, grid congestion, gas phase-out, energy sovereignty, and civil defence resilience within a single integrated architecture for the Netherlands. The CSG is organised around the Ecogen Principle: generate all the energy you need as renewable electricity; store its surplus as a chemical fuel; discharge that fuel on demand as heat and power; and recover the fuel in full for the next cycle. Nothing is wasted or depleted — everything is circular and is used. The system stores surplus renewable electricity by electrochemically reducing silicon dioxide (quartz sand) into silicon metal granules at regional reduction plants. The granules are later oxidised on demand in decentralised neighbourhood ecohubs, releasing 8.5–9.0 MWh of heat per tonne of silicon via combined heat and power (CHP), with pure SiO₂ recovered and returned to the reduction plants in a fully closed material loop. The strategy is structured around six sequential steps executable within a 25-year transition horizon, supported by detailed technical annexes covering grid architecture, reduction plant chemistry, ecohub engineering, oxygen network parameters, security and governance modelling, economic analysis, HTS grid infrastructure, and energy transport economics. Keywords: silicon energy carrier, seasonal energy storage, molten salt electrolysis, FFC Cambridge process, combined heat and power, high-temperature superconducting grid, circular energy system, national energy strategy, Netherlands, Ecogen Authors: E. Chevtchenko, O. Chevtchenko & O. O. ShevchenkoYear: 2026.","author":[{"family":"Chevtchenko","given":"Oleg"},{"family":"Chevtchenko","given":"Elena"},{"family":"Shevchenko","given":"Oleksandr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20932462","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20932462","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20727810","type":"article-journal","title":"Development of Low-Cost Algal Tree for Urban CO₂ Capture and Air Purification","abstract":"Rapid urbanization and vehicular emissions have significantly increased atmospheric CO₂ levels and air pollution in Indian cities, creating the need for sustainable and affordable air-purification technologies. In this study, a low-cost algae-based photobioreactor system named “Algal Tree” was developed for biological carbon capture and urban air-quality improvement under Indian environmental conditions. The project focuses on integrating microalgal cultivation with sustainable waste-utilization and smart urban utility applications. Two outdoor prototype models were successfully developed and deployed for real-time environmental applications. The first mini 25 L capacity prototype was installed at ISBT Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India on 19 May 2025, while the second 100 L capacity model was installed at the university bus stand on 5 June 2025 (World Environment Day). The developed system integrates solar-powered operation, seating facilities, mobile charging, and street-light functionality to improve practical urban usability. The Algal Tree was designed as a cost-effective alternative to large-scale showcase systems while supporting atmospheric CO₂ sequestration, sustainable urban infrastructure, and public environmental awareness. The project also emphasizes renewable energy integration and scalability for future smart-city applications. Ongoing work includes system optimization, biomass utilization studies, and large-scale environmental performance evaluation for sustainable urban deployment. Project Introduction The Algal Tree project focuses on the development of a low-cost algae-based photobioreactor system for urban CO₂ capture, air purification, and sustainable smart-city applications under Indian environmental conditions. The project was developed using waste-utilization and sustainable design approaches to create a practical and scalable environmental technology.","author":[{"family":"Bagauli","given":"Reetika"},{"family":"Bisht","given":"Bhawana"},{"family":"Joshi","given":"Harish"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20727810","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20727810","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20727811","type":"article-journal","title":"Development of Low-Cost Algal Tree for Urban CO₂ Capture and Air Purification","abstract":"Rapid urbanization and vehicular emissions have significantly increased atmospheric CO₂ levels and air pollution in Indian cities, creating the need for sustainable and affordable air-purification technologies. In this study, a low-cost algae-based photobioreactor system named “Algal Tree” was developed for biological carbon capture and urban air-quality improvement under Indian environmental conditions. The project focuses on integrating microalgal cultivation with sustainable waste-utilization and smart urban utility applications. Two outdoor prototype models were successfully developed and deployed for real-time environmental applications. The first mini 25 L capacity prototype was installed at ISBT Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India on 19 May 2025, while the second 100 L capacity model was installed at the university bus stand on 5 June 2025 (World Environment Day). The developed system integrates solar-powered operation, seating facilities, mobile charging, and street-light functionality to improve practical urban usability. The Algal Tree was designed as a cost-effective alternative to large-scale showcase systems while supporting atmospheric CO₂ sequestration, sustainable urban infrastructure, and public environmental awareness. The project also emphasizes renewable energy integration and scalability for future smart-city applications. Ongoing work includes system optimization, biomass utilization studies, and large-scale environmental performance evaluation for sustainable urban deployment. Project Introduction The Algal Tree project focuses on the development of a low-cost algae-based photobioreactor system for urban CO₂ capture, air purification, and sustainable smart-city applications under Indian environmental conditions. The project was developed using waste-utilization and sustainable design approaches to create a practical and scalable environmental technology.","author":[{"family":"Bagauli","given":"Reetika"},{"family":"Bisht","given":"Bhawana"},{"family":"Joshi","given":"Harish"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20727811","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20727811","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22177765","type":"article-journal","title":"Microbes as a cheap natural resource for renewable energy generation","abstract":"The current global challenge of inadequate power generation originated from a geometric increase in human population, fast-receding concentration of fossil fuels, coupled with inadequate food security and ever-increasing demand for energy due to industrialization. Microbes such as Aspergillus aculeatinus (Accession number: MK748310.1), Aspergillus aculeatus (Accession Number: LC496490.1), Vibrio tubiashii (Accession Number: KP843680.1), and Bacillus Mycoides (Accession Number: JX144699.1) have been found to generate biochemical intermediates for renewable energy generation.Keywords: Biodegradation, lignocellulose, renewable energy, solid waste, sustainable development","author":[{"family":"Ojo-Cmoniyi","given":"Olusola"},{"family":"Qudus","given":"Olatunji"},{"family":"Bello","given":"Hakeem"},{"family":"Akinola","given":"Abayomi"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22177765","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22177765","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22177766","type":"article-journal","title":"Microbes as a cheap natural resource for renewable energy generation","abstract":"The current global challenge of inadequate power generation originated from a geometric increase in human population, fast-receding concentration of fossil fuels, coupled with inadequate food security and ever-increasing demand for energy due to industrialization. Microbes such as Aspergillus aculeatinus (Accession number: MK748310.1), Aspergillus aculeatus (Accession Number: LC496490.1), Vibrio tubiashii (Accession Number: KP843680.1), and Bacillus Mycoides (Accession Number: JX144699.1) have been found to generate biochemical intermediates for renewable energy generation.Keywords: Biodegradation, lignocellulose, renewable energy, solid waste, sustainable development","author":[{"family":"Ojo-Cmoniyi","given":"Olusola"},{"family":"Qudus","given":"Olatunji"},{"family":"Bello","given":"Hakeem"},{"family":"Akinola","given":"Abayomi"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22177766","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22177766","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21514311","type":"article-journal","title":"Recent Trends in Metal Nanoparticles for Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage","abstract":"The growing global energy crisis and the associated environmental impact have intensified the search for sustainable and clean alternatives to fossil fuels. Metal nanoparticles have recently drawn considerable attention as versatile materials for renewable energy technologies owing to their distinctive properties, including high surface area, tunable electronic behavior, and excellent catalytic performance. This review highlights the latest advances in the use of metal nanoparticles for energy conversion and storage systems. Emphasis is placed on their applications in photocatalytic hydrogen generation, solar energy harvesting, and fuel cell technology, as well as in modern energy-storage devices such as lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors. Recent progress in synthetic routes, surface modification techniques, and structure–activity correlations is critically evaluated to illustrate how these developments improve efficiency, selectivity, and long-term stability. The review also considers the current challenges related to scalability, cost, and environmental safety, and discusses prospective strategies to address these issues. By summarizing the most recent progress and identifying future directions, this review aims to support the rational design of metal nanoparticle-based materials for the advancement of next-generation renewable energy applications.","author":[{"family":"Anuradha","given":"Ch"},{"family":"Rao","given":"GL"},{"family":"Neeraja","given":"R"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21514311","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21514311","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21514312","type":"article-journal","title":"Recent Trends in Metal Nanoparticles for Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage","abstract":"The growing global energy crisis and the associated environmental impact have intensified the search for sustainable and clean alternatives to fossil fuels. Metal nanoparticles have recently drawn considerable attention as versatile materials for renewable energy technologies owing to their distinctive properties, including high surface area, tunable electronic behavior, and excellent catalytic performance. This review highlights the latest advances in the use of metal nanoparticles for energy conversion and storage systems. Emphasis is placed on their applications in photocatalytic hydrogen generation, solar energy harvesting, and fuel cell technology, as well as in modern energy-storage devices such as lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors. Recent progress in synthetic routes, surface modification techniques, and structure–activity correlations is critically evaluated to illustrate how these developments improve efficiency, selectivity, and long-term stability. The review also considers the current challenges related to scalability, cost, and environmental safety, and discusses prospective strategies to address these issues. By summarizing the most recent progress and identifying future directions, this review aims to support the rational design of metal nanoparticle-based materials for the advancement of next-generation renewable energy applications.","author":[{"family":"Anuradha","given":"Ch"},{"family":"Rao","given":"GL"},{"family":"Neeraja","given":"R"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21514312","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21514312","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20300981","type":"article-journal","title":"Scaling Electricity: Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Scales as Piezoelectric Medium to Generate Energy","abstract":"As the global demand for sustainable and renewable energy technologies continues to increase, the exploration of bio-based materials for alternative energy generation has become increasingly significant. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of utilizing tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) scales as a bio-piezoelectric material for generating electrical energy through a bio-piezoelectric nanogenerator (BPNG). Specifically, the study sought to evaluate the average and maximum voltage outputs of different prototype configurations, determine the effects of structural complexity and fish scale volume on voltage generation, and identify the most efficient prototype for energy production. The study employed an experimental research design conducted at Dr. Yanga’s Colleges Inc.. Collected fish scales underwent chemical treatment using sodium hydroxide, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and glacial acetic acid to enhance flexibility and piezoelectric properties before being integrated into three bio-piezoelectric nanogenerator prototypes. Constant mechanical stress at 300 beats per minute (bpm) was applied to each prototype, and voltage outputs were measured in millivolts (mV) using a voltmeter. Statistical analyses including t-test and point-biserial correlation were utilized to analyze the collected data. Findings revealed that Prototype 3 generated the highest electrical output with an average voltage of 3.8 mV and a maximum voltage of 99.8 mV, outperforming Prototype 1 and Prototype 2. Statistical analysis further indicated significant differences in voltage output between prototypes with varying structural configurations and fish scale volumes. Moreover, a strong positive relationship was found between the number of piezoelectric layers and voltage generation (rpb = 0.4892, p < 0.05). The findings suggest that tilapia scales possess strong potential as an eco-friendly and sustainable biomaterial for renewable energy generation and bio-piezoelectric applications.","author":[{"family":"Gaspar","given":"Chelsea"},{"family":"Macaraig","given":"Ashley"},{"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Iesha"},{"family":"San Pedro","given":"Quinn"},{"family":"Venturina","given":"Sophia"},{"family":"Tigno","given":"Andre"},{"family":"Delos Santos","given":"Mary"},{"family":"San Pedro","given":"Aces"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20300981","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20300981","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20300982","type":"article-journal","title":"Scaling Electricity: Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Scales as Piezoelectric Medium to Generate Energy","abstract":"As the global demand for sustainable and renewable energy technologies continues to increase, the exploration of bio-based materials for alternative energy generation has become increasingly significant. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of utilizing tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) scales as a bio-piezoelectric material for generating electrical energy through a bio-piezoelectric nanogenerator (BPNG). Specifically, the study sought to evaluate the average and maximum voltage outputs of different prototype configurations, determine the effects of structural complexity and fish scale volume on voltage generation, and identify the most efficient prototype for energy production. The study employed an experimental research design conducted at Dr. Yanga’s Colleges Inc.. Collected fish scales underwent chemical treatment using sodium hydroxide, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and glacial acetic acid to enhance flexibility and piezoelectric properties before being integrated into three bio-piezoelectric nanogenerator prototypes. Constant mechanical stress at 300 beats per minute (bpm) was applied to each prototype, and voltage outputs were measured in millivolts (mV) using a voltmeter. Statistical analyses including t-test and point-biserial correlation were utilized to analyze the collected data. Findings revealed that Prototype 3 generated the highest electrical output with an average voltage of 3.8 mV and a maximum voltage of 99.8 mV, outperforming Prototype 1 and Prototype 2. Statistical analysis further indicated significant differences in voltage output between prototypes with varying structural configurations and fish scale volumes. Moreover, a strong positive relationship was found between the number of piezoelectric layers and voltage generation (rpb = 0.4892, p < 0.05). The findings suggest that tilapia scales possess strong potential as an eco-friendly and sustainable biomaterial for renewable energy generation and bio-piezoelectric applications.","author":[{"family":"Gaspar","given":"Chelsea"},{"family":"Macaraig","given":"Ashley"},{"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Iesha"},{"family":"San Pedro","given":"Quinn"},{"family":"Venturina","given":"Sophia"},{"family":"Tigno","given":"Andre"},{"family":"Delos Santos","given":"Mary"},{"family":"San Pedro","given":"Aces"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20300982","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20300982","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5880/pik.2025.001","type":"article-journal","title":"Interactive webapp for exploring techno-economic landscapes of abatement options for hard-to-electrify sectors","abstract":"This interactive webapp reproduces the main results from an accompanying article by the same authors, which explores the most cost-efficient abatement options for the hard-to-electrify (HTE) sectors (chemical feedstocks, long-distance maritime and aviation, primary steel and cement). Some of the main assumptions used in the study can be modified here, following which a techno-economic analysis is carried out to determine the levelized cost of each product or service, for all available abatement options available. The abatement costs are then calculated, and plotted for different low-emission hydrogen and non-fossil CO2 cost assumptions, building the mitigation landscape for each HTE sector. Our results demonstrate a diverse mitigation landscape that can be categorized into three tiers, based on the abatement cost and technologies required. By requiring long-term climate neutrality through simple conditions, the mitigation landscape narrows substantially, with single options dominating each sector. For more detailed information on this study, we refer users to the Supplementary Information file provided with the study, and the original software used","author":[{"family":"Bachorz","given":"Clara"},{"family":"Verpoort","given":"Philipp"},{"family":"Luderer","given":"Gunnar"},{"family":"Ueckerdt","given":"Falko"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5880/pik.2025.001","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5880/pik.2025.001","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19706397","type":"article-journal","title":"HOW CAN NIGERIA LEVERAGE MARITIME DIPLOMACY FOR SECURITY AND BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT IN THE GULF OF GUINEA?","abstract":"This paper examines how Nigeria can use maritime diplomacy to enhance security and drive blue economy development in the Gulf of Guinea, arguing that while the country has significant ocean-based economic potential, persistent threats like piracy, illegal fishing, and oil theft undermine progress. Using qualitative analysis, the authors find that Nigeria’s current strategy is overly focused on oil and shipping and that its diplomatic efforts—though present at bilateral and multilateral levels—have achieved limited success due to the insufficient involvement of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The study concludes that strengthening diplomatic coordination and expanding focus beyond oil into sectors like tourism, fisheries, and renewable energy is essential for unlocking sustainable economic growth and regional maritime security.","author":[{"family":"Ijuye-Dagogo","given":"Charles"},{"family":"Awodeyi-Akinsehinwa","given":"Akinola"},{"family":"Ashara","given":"Dennis"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19706397","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19706397","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19706398","type":"article-journal","title":"HOW CAN NIGERIA LEVERAGE MARITIME DIPLOMACY FOR SECURITY AND BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT IN THE GULF OF GUINEA?","abstract":"This paper examines how Nigeria can use maritime diplomacy to enhance security and drive blue economy development in the Gulf of Guinea, arguing that while the country has significant ocean-based economic potential, persistent threats like piracy, illegal fishing, and oil theft undermine progress. Using qualitative analysis, the authors find that Nigeria’s current strategy is overly focused on oil and shipping and that its diplomatic efforts—though present at bilateral and multilateral levels—have achieved limited success due to the insufficient involvement of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The study concludes that strengthening diplomatic coordination and expanding focus beyond oil into sectors like tourism, fisheries, and renewable energy is essential for unlocking sustainable economic growth and regional maritime security.","author":[{"family":"Ijuye-Dagogo","given":"Charles"},{"family":"Awodeyi-Akinsehinwa","given":"Akinola"},{"family":"Ashara","given":"Dennis"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19706398","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19706398","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20926783","type":"article-journal","title":"The Circular Energy Silicon Grid (CSG)","abstract":"The Circular Energy Silicon Grid (CSG) — Strategic Masterplan, v9 This document presents the system architecture and strategic masterplan for the Circular Energy Silicon Grid (CSG), a closed-loop national energy system designed to resolve seasonal storage, grid congestion, gas phase-out, energy sovereignty, and civil defence resilience within a single integrated architecture for the Netherlands. The CSG is organised around the Ecogen Principle: generate all the energy you need as renewable electricity; store its surplus as a chemical fuel; discharge that fuel on demand as heat and power; and recover the fuel in full for the next cycle. Nothing is wasted or depleted — everything is circular and is used. The system stores surplus renewable electricity by electrochemically reducing silicon dioxide (quartz sand) into silicon metal granules at regional reduction plants. The granules are later oxidised on demand in decentralised neighbourhood ecohubs, releasing 8.5–9.0 MWh of heat per tonne of silicon via combined heat and power (CHP), with pure SiO₂ recovered and returned to the reduction plants in a fully closed material loop. The strategy is structured around six sequential steps executable within a 25-year transition horizon, supported by detailed technical annexes covering grid architecture, reduction plant chemistry, ecohub engineering, oxygen network parameters, security and governance modelling, economic analysis, HTS grid infrastructure, and energy transport economics. Keywords: silicon energy carrier, seasonal energy storage, molten salt electrolysis, FFC Cambridge process, combined heat and power, high-temperature superconducting grid, circular energy system, national energy strategy, Netherlands, Ecogen Authors: E. Chevtchenko, O. Chevtchenko & O. O. ShevchenkoYear: 2026.","author":[{"family":"Chevtchenko","given":"Oleg"},{"family":"Chevtchenko","given":"Elena"},{"family":"Shevchenko","given":"Oleksandr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20926783","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20926783","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20926782","type":"article-journal","title":"The Circular Energy Silicon Grid (CSG)","abstract":"The Circular Energy Silicon Grid (CSG) — Strategic Masterplan, v2 This document presents the system architecture and strategic masterplan for the Circular Energy Silicon Grid (CSG), a closed-loop national energy system designed to resolve seasonal storage, grid congestion, gas phase-out, energy sovereignty, and civil defence resilience within a single integrated architecture for the Netherlands. The CSG is organised around the Ecogen Principle: generate all the energy you need as renewable electricity; store its surplus as a chemical fuel; discharge that fuel on demand as heat and power; and recover the fuel in full for the next cycle. Nothing is wasted or depleted — everything is circular and is used. The system stores surplus renewable electricity by electrochemically reducing silicon dioxide (quartz sand) into silicon metal granules at regional reduction plants. The granules are later oxidised on demand in decentralised neighbourhood ecohubs, releasing 8.5–9.0 MWh of heat per tonne of silicon via combined heat and power (CHP), with pure SiO₂ recovered and returned to the reduction plants in a fully closed material loop. The strategy is structured around six sequential steps executable within a 25-year transition horizon, supported by detailed technical annexes covering grid architecture, reduction plant chemistry, ecohub engineering, oxygen network parameters, security and governance modelling, economic analysis, HTS grid infrastructure, and energy transport economics. Keywords: silicon energy carrier, seasonal energy storage, molten salt electrolysis, FFC Cambridge process, combined heat and power, high-temperature superconducting grid, circular energy system, national energy strategy, Netherlands, Ecogen Authors: E. Chevtchenko, O. Chevtchenko & O. O. ShevchenkoYear: 2026.","author":[{"family":"Chevtchenko","given":"Oleg"},{"family":"Chevtchenko","given":"Elena"},{"family":"Shevchenko","given":"Oleksandr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20926782","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20926782","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21608036","type":"article-journal","title":"The Circular Energy Silicon Grid (CSG)","abstract":"The Circular Energy Silicon Grid (CSG) — Strategic Masterplan, v2 This document presents the system architecture and strategic masterplan for the Circular Energy Silicon Grid (CSG), a closed-loop national energy system designed to resolve seasonal storage, grid congestion, gas phase-out, energy sovereignty, and civil defence resilience within a single integrated architecture for the Netherlands. The CSG is organised around the Ecogen Principle: generate all the energy you need as renewable electricity; store its surplus as a chemical fuel; discharge that fuel on demand as heat and power; and recover the fuel in full for the next cycle. Nothing is wasted or depleted — everything is circular and is used. The system stores surplus renewable electricity by electrochemically reducing silicon dioxide (quartz sand) into silicon metal granules at regional reduction plants. The granules are later oxidised on demand in decentralised neighbourhood ecohubs, releasing 8.5–9.0 MWh of heat per tonne of silicon via combined heat and power (CHP), with pure SiO₂ recovered and returned to the reduction plants in a fully closed material loop. The strategy is structured around six sequential steps executable within a 25-year transition horizon, supported by detailed technical annexes covering grid architecture, reduction plant chemistry, ecohub engineering, oxygen network parameters, security and governance modelling, economic analysis, HTS grid infrastructure, and energy transport economics. Keywords: silicon energy carrier, seasonal energy storage, molten salt electrolysis, FFC Cambridge process, combined heat and power, high-temperature superconducting grid, circular energy system, national energy strategy, Netherlands, Ecogen Authors: E. Chevtchenko, O. Chevtchenko & O. O. ShevchenkoYear: 2026.","author":[{"family":"Chevtchenko","given":"Oleg"},{"family":"Chevtchenko","given":"Elena"},{"family":"Shevchenko","given":"Oleksandr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21608036","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21608036","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.7488/era/7189","type":"article-journal","title":"Workforce requirements for net zero: transport and construction","abstract":"The report assesses workforce and skills requirements for the transport and construction sectors for the period 2026-2040. It focuses the key activities, such as building retrofit programmes and the electrification of transport. Results are presented through sector-specific route maps showing how demands and skills needs are expected to develop over the period. A consistent, quantitative skills-mapping framework is applied to both sectors. It provides forecasts for workforce demand and highlights sectoral and cross-sectoral skills gaps and training needs, considering geographic and temporal variations. In transport, the transition is likely to see the adaptation of exiting roles. Overall employment is expected to grow modestly in construction. There is potential for labour mobility, but this will be dependent on the availability of reskilling pathways. Coordinated, cross-sector workforce planning will be critical, with an emphasis required on expanding training provision in key technical occupations; prioritising upskilling and reskilling programmes; increasing incorporation of renewable energy systems, electrification infrastructure and digital diagnostic technologies and collaboration between industry, training providers and government.","author":[{"family":"Patel","given":"Shyamoli"},{"family":"Frost","given":"Alexander"},{"family":"Cardenas","given":"Jeisson"},{"family":"Alexandri","given":"Eva"},{"family":"Koretska","given":"Daria"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.7488/era/7189","URL":"https://doi.org/10.7488/era/7189","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20584234","type":"article-journal","title":"Case Study: Servitisation as the Driver for Supply Chain Resilience – Enabled by Multi-Level Interoperability in the Lasers4MaaS Platform","abstract":"Peer-reviewed conference paper presented at I-ESA'26 (Interoperability for Enterprise Systems and Applications, Funchal, Madeira, 13–16 April 2026). European manufacturing is trapped in a rigid \"ownership model\" in which high-value assets are locked to specific locations, creating brittleness under energy volatility and supply shocks. This paper presents the Lasers4MaaS project (EU Horizon Europe, Grant No. 101178719) through the lens of servitisation — shifting from selling laser hardware to selling validated, defect-free manufacturing capacity, billed per ROM-validated component rather than per machine-hour. The core contribution is a Multi-Level Interoperability Framework — a \"Laser Operating System\" structured across three decoupled-yet-synchronised layers: Micro (hardware-agnostic execution via Dynamic Beam Shaping, on a sovereign edge), Meso (automated trust via a Reduced-Order-Model \"Digital Handshake\" and a cryptographic \"Liability Shield\" for SMEs), and Macro (automated ESPR/Digital Product Passport compliance and renewable-aware Industrial Grid Balancing). Two development-phase case studies — agile capacity shifting in automotive and remote weld monitoring for nuclear fusion — demonstrate a resilient, Gaia-X-aligned, sovereign manufacturing ecosystem. Funded by the European Union's Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 101178719. Views and opinions expressed are those of the authors only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the granting authority.","author":[{"family":"Nützel","given":"Christoph"},{"family":"Otto","given":"Andreas"},{"family":"Onuseit","given":"Volkher"},{"family":"Cinelli","given":"Marco"},{"family":"Eller-Shein","given":"Linda"},{"family":"Skilton","given":"Robert"},{"family":"Moretti","given":"Ivan"},{"family":"Gianotti","given":"Piergiuseppe"},{"family":"Hohmann","given":"Tobias"},{"family":"Castelo","given":"Antonio"},{"family":"Franciosa","given":"Pasquale"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20584234","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20584234","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20584235","type":"article-journal","title":"Case Study: Servitisation as the Driver for Supply Chain Resilience – Enabled by Multi-Level Interoperability in the Lasers4MaaS Platform","abstract":"Peer-reviewed conference paper presented at I-ESA'26 (Interoperability for Enterprise Systems and Applications, Funchal, Madeira, 13–16 April 2026). European manufacturing is trapped in a rigid \"ownership model\" in which high-value assets are locked to specific locations, creating brittleness under energy volatility and supply shocks. This paper presents the Lasers4MaaS project (EU Horizon Europe, Grant No. 101178719) through the lens of servitisation — shifting from selling laser hardware to selling validated, defect-free manufacturing capacity, billed per ROM-validated component rather than per machine-hour. The core contribution is a Multi-Level Interoperability Framework — a \"Laser Operating System\" structured across three decoupled-yet-synchronised layers: Micro (hardware-agnostic execution via Dynamic Beam Shaping, on a sovereign edge), Meso (automated trust via a Reduced-Order-Model \"Digital Handshake\" and a cryptographic \"Liability Shield\" for SMEs), and Macro (automated ESPR/Digital Product Passport compliance and renewable-aware Industrial Grid Balancing). Two development-phase case studies — agile capacity shifting in automotive and remote weld monitoring for nuclear fusion — demonstrate a resilient, Gaia-X-aligned, sovereign manufacturing ecosystem. Funded by the European Union's Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 101178719. Views and opinions expressed are those of the authors only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the granting authority.","author":[{"family":"Nützel","given":"Christoph"},{"family":"Otto","given":"Andreas"},{"family":"Onuseit","given":"Volkher"},{"family":"Cinelli","given":"Marco"},{"family":"Eller-Shein","given":"Linda"},{"family":"Skilton","given":"Robert"},{"family":"Moretti","given":"Ivan"},{"family":"Gianotti","given":"Piergiuseppe"},{"family":"Hohmann","given":"Tobias"},{"family":"Castelo","given":"Antonio"},{"family":"Franciosa","given":"Pasquale"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20584235","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20584235","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21806878","type":"article-journal","title":"RenewableXAI: Model-Exact Explanation Stability for Renewable Energy Forecasting – Software and Evaluation Artifact","abstract":"RenewableXAI is a fully implemented system for interactive inspection of renewable-energy forecasting models. The system combines semantically grouped TreeSHAP explanations, model-exact one-feature explanation-stability intervals, adjacent boundary-transition analysis, interactive scenario editing, and an evidence-constrained local language interface. This research artifact contains the source code, photovoltaic and wind-power domain adapters, frozen holdout question sets, expected question plans, per-route evaluation outputs, deterministic validation decisions, aggregate evaluation reports, independent oracle tests for stability intervals, and integrity manifests. The artifact accompanies the IEEE ICDM 2026 Demo Paper “RenewableXAI: Model-Exact Explanation Stability for Renewable Energy Forecasting.” The rendered demonstration video is included. Raw datasets, serialized forecasting models, and editable video-production assets are not included. Instructions for obtaining the public datasets and reproducing the reported experiments are provided in the documentation. Development repository: https://github.com/energy-urfu-ai/renewable-xaiArchived source revision: 49930a196a8851fc16fdd52f7b547d41d8bf41e5","author":[{"family":"Matrenin","given":"Pavel"},{"family":"Khalyasmaa","given":"Alexandra"},{"family":"Eroshenko","given":"Stanislav"},{"family":"Bramm","given":"Andrey"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21806878","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21806878","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21806879","type":"article-journal","title":"RenewableXAI: Model-Exact Explanation Stability for Renewable Energy Forecasting – Software and Evaluation Artifact","abstract":"RenewableXAI is a fully implemented system for interactive inspection of renewable-energy forecasting models. The system combines semantically grouped TreeSHAP explanations, model-exact one-feature explanation-stability intervals, adjacent boundary-transition analysis, interactive scenario editing, and an evidence-constrained local language interface. This research artifact contains the source code, photovoltaic and wind-power domain adapters, frozen holdout question sets, expected question plans, per-route evaluation outputs, deterministic validation decisions, aggregate evaluation reports, independent oracle tests for stability intervals, and integrity manifests. The artifact accompanies the IEEE ICDM 2026 Demo Paper “RenewableXAI: Model-Exact Explanation Stability for Renewable Energy Forecasting.” The rendered demonstration video is included. Raw datasets, serialized forecasting models, and editable video-production assets are not included. Instructions for obtaining the public datasets and reproducing the reported experiments are provided in the documentation. Development repository: https://github.com/energy-urfu-ai/renewable-xaiArchived source revision: 49930a196a8851fc16fdd52f7b547d41d8bf41e5","author":[{"family":"Matrenin","given":"Pavel"},{"family":"Khalyasmaa","given":"Alexandra"},{"family":"Eroshenko","given":"Stanislav"},{"family":"Bramm","given":"Andrey"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21806879","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21806879","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.15862649","type":"article-journal","title":"Renewable generation and electricity consumption dataset for energy market models generated with artificial intelligence","abstract":"This dataset presents an hourly resolution database of solar, onshore and offshore wind power generation and electricity consumption for the period 1980-2023, generated using neural network models trained on the ERA5 reanalysis database and ENTSO-E data. Modelling was performed for all European countries with sufficient quantity and quality of data to train the artificial intelligence models. A publication describing the steps to create the database is currently submitted to Scientific Data. Publication information:Bence Biró, Martin János Mayer, Botond Szücs, Attila Aszódi: Renewable generation and electricity consumption datasets for energy market model generated with artificial intelligence; submitted to Scientific Data at 2026. 04. 17.","author":[{"family":"Biró","given":"Bence"},{"family":"Szücs","given":"Botond"},{"family":"Mayer","given":"Martin"},{"family":"Aszódi","given":"Attila"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.15862649","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15862649","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.15862648","type":"article-journal","title":"Renewable generation and electricity consumption dataset for energy market models generated with artificial intelligence","abstract":"This dataset presents an hourly resolution database of solar, onshore and offshore wind power generation and electricity consumption for the period 1981-2023, generated using neural network models trained on the ERA5 reanalysis database and ENTSO-E data. Modelling was performed for all European countries with sufficient quantity and quality of data to train the artificial intelligence models. The hourly resolution renewable energy (solar, onshore and offshore wind) capacity factors and electricity consumption Excel data sets and the input and output time series data used for cross-validation evaluation of the models, as well as the metrics calculated based on these data series for each country are available A publication describing the steps to create the database is currently submitted to Scientific Data. Publication information: Bence Biró, Martin János Mayer, Botond Szücs, Attila Aszódi: Renewable generation and electricity consumption datasets for energy market model generated with artificial intelligence; submitted to Scientific Data at 2026. 04. 17.","author":[{"family":"Biró","given":"Bence"},{"family":"Mayer","given":"Martin"},{"family":"Szücs","given":"Botond"},{"family":"Aszódi","given":"Attila"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.15862648","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15862648","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21279426","type":"article-journal","title":"Renewable generation and electricity consumption dataset for energy market models generated with artificial intelligence","abstract":"This dataset presents an hourly resolution database of solar, onshore and offshore wind power generation and electricity consumption for the period 1981-2023, generated using neural network models trained on the ERA5 reanalysis database and ENTSO-E data. Modelling was performed for all European countries with sufficient quantity and quality of data to train the artificial intelligence models. The hourly resolution renewable energy (solar, onshore and offshore wind) capacity factors and electricity consumption Excel data sets and the input and output time series data used for cross-validation evaluation of the models, as well as the metrics calculated based on these data series for each country are available A publication describing the steps to create the database is currently submitted to Scientific Data. Publication information: Bence Biró, Martin János Mayer, Botond Szücs, Attila Aszódi: Renewable generation and electricity consumption datasets for energy market model generated with artificial intelligence; submitted to Scientific Data at 2026. 04. 17.","author":[{"family":"Biró","given":"Bence"},{"family":"Mayer","given":"Martin"},{"family":"Szücs","given":"Botond"},{"family":"Aszódi","given":"Attila"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21279426","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21279426","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.16088983","type":"article-journal","title":"Source data related to Sotnyk et al. (2026) \"REGIONAL PLANNING OF POST-WAR ELECTRICITY INFRASTRUCTURE IN UKRAINE\"","abstract":"This is the accompanying dataset for the publication Sotnyk et al. (2026) “REGIONAL PLANNING OF POST-WAR ELECTRICITY INFRASTRUCTURE IN UKRAINE.” Please cite the article together with the Zenodo link when you use the data. This dataset provides regional output data from four modeled scenarios assessing the post-war electricity infrastructure in Ukraine in 2035. It includes detailed results on generation, storage, transmission, and their social, environmental and economic impacts across Ukraine’s 24 regions and five neighboring countries. Beyond the baseline scenarios, the dataset contains a sensitivity analysis exploring how ±20% variations in investment, operational, and fuel costs for renewable energy sources (RES) impact the spatial distribution of installed capacities (generation, storage, and transmission) across Ukrainian regions and nodes, as well as the electricity volumes produced by 9 selected technologies and the annual average marginal electricity prices within four scenarios. The data support scenario-based planning for a resilient, low-carbon reconstruction of the electricity sector. Explanations regarding the content of the information in the dataset are provided in the file “README.pdf”. This study was funded by the University of Geneva’s Uni4Ukraine grant, by the Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, and the Swiss National Science Foundation SPARK grant Nr. CRSK-1_228658 (IS). The development of the backbone of the EXPANSE model was funded by the partnership between the University of Geneva and Services Industriels de Genève (JPS, ET). The authors bear sole responsibility for the results.","author":[{"family":"Sotnyk","given":"Iryna"},{"family":"Sasse","given":"Jan"},{"family":"Trutnevyte","given":"Evelina"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.16088983","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16088983","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.16088984","type":"article-journal","title":"Source data related to Sotnyk et al. (2026) \"REGIONAL PLANNING OF POST-WAR ELECTRICITY INFRASTRUCTURE IN UKRAINE\"","abstract":"This is the accompanying dataset for the publication Sotnyk et al. (2026) “REGIONAL PLANNING OF POST-WAR ELECTRICITY INFRASTRUCTURE IN UKRAINE.” Please cite the article together with the Zenodo link when you use the data. This dataset provides regional output data from four modeled scenarios assessing the post-war electricity infrastructure in Ukraine in 2035. It includes detailed results on generation, storage, transmission, and their social, environmental and economic impacts across Ukraine’s 24 regions and five neighboring countries. Beyond the baseline scenarios, the dataset contains a sensitivity analysis exploring how ±20% variations in investment, operational, and fuel costs for renewable energy sources (RES) impact the spatial distribution of installed capacities (generation, storage, and transmission) across Ukrainian regions and nodes, as well as the electricity volumes produced by 9 selected technologies and the annual average marginal electricity prices within four scenarios. The data support scenario-based planning for a resilient, low-carbon reconstruction of the electricity sector. Explanations regarding the content of the information in the dataset are provided in the file “README.pdf”. This study was funded by the University of Geneva’s Uni4Ukraine grant, by the Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, and the Swiss National Science Foundation SPARK grant Nr. CRSK-1_228658 (IS). The development of the backbone of the EXPANSE model was funded by the partnership between the University of Geneva and Services Industriels de Genève (JPS, ET). The authors bear sole responsibility for the results.","author":[{"family":"Sotnyk","given":"Iryna"},{"family":"Sasse","given":"Jan"},{"family":"Trutnevyte","given":"Evelina"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.16088984","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16088984","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21874939","type":"article-journal","title":"Input dataset: Price-signal degeneracy and   carbon-aware dispatch of grid-connected photovoltaic, wind and battery   systems under time-of-use tariffs","abstract":"This deposit contains the complete input dataset and a reproducible generator for a study of carbon-aware risk-constrained stochastic predictive dispatch in a grid-connected hybrid renewable plant comprising a 50 kW photovoltaic array, a 60 kW wind turbine and a 100 kWh lithium-ion battery operating under a four-period time-of-use tariff. The associated study identifies a degeneracy in the price signal. Export remuneration and the off-peak import tariff are both 0.08 EUR/kWh, so charging the battery from local surplus and charging it from the overnight grid carry identical cost while differing by a factor of two in carbon intensity. A cost-minimising controller is therefore indifferent across a set of dispatch policies whose annual emissions differ by 10.6 percent. Admitting a carbon shadow price of 0.02 EUR/kg resolves the indifference and lowers annual emissions by 10.6 percent and annual operating cost by 2.7 percent at the same time. The coincidence of the two prices is a property of the deposited tariff rather than an oversight, and it is the object of the study. The generator, HRES_Dataset_Generator.m, regenerates every exogenous input: the ground-truth photovoltaic, wind and demand profiles for three weather regimes; the tariff with its period index; the export price; the diurnal grid carbon intensity; and the Monte Carlo forecast uncertainty ensembles. The profiles reproduce bit-for-bit under the seeding protocol documented in the README. It requires base MATLAB R2024a with no toolboxes. The deposit also contains the numerical results underlying every table and figure of the associated article and its supplementary file: ten comma-separated result files covering comparative performance, paired significance tests, annualised techno-economics, scenario reduction fidelity, forecast-error stress response, non-anticipativity ablation, carbon accounting under two conventions, the cost-carbon frontier, risk-measure degeneracy and the lifecycle carbon assessment; the per-seed campaign record over 30 independent realisations in each of three regimes; and thirty-four vector figures, seventeen of which appear in the article and seventeen in the supplementary file. All profiles are synthetic. They are constructed to span surplus-dominated, deficit-dominated and volatility-dominated operation rather than to reproduce any specific location, and the grid carbon intensity is an average-factor model.","author":[{"family":"Tegani","given":"Ilyes"},{"family":"Afghoul","given":"Hamza"},{"family":"Alharbi","given":"Salah"},{"family":"Alharbi","given":"Saleh"},{"family":"Tegani","given":"Salem"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21874939","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21874939","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21874938","type":"article-journal","title":"Input dataset: Price-signal degeneracy and   carbon-aware dispatch of grid-connected photovoltaic, wind and battery   systems under time-of-use tariffs","abstract":"This deposit contains the complete input dataset and a reproducible generator for a study of carbon-aware risk-constrained stochastic predictive dispatch in a grid-connected hybrid renewable plant comprising a 50 kW photovoltaic array, a 60 kW wind turbine and a 100 kWh lithium-ion battery operating under a four-period time-of-use tariff. The associated study identifies a degeneracy in the price signal. Export remuneration and the off-peak import tariff are both 0.08 EUR/kWh, so charging the battery from local surplus and charging it from the overnight grid carry identical cost while differing by a factor of two in carbon intensity. A cost-minimising controller is therefore indifferent across a set of dispatch policies whose annual emissions differ by 10.6 percent. Admitting a carbon shadow price of 0.02 EUR/kg resolves the indifference and lowers annual emissions by 10.6 percent and annual operating cost by 2.7 percent at the same time. The coincidence of the two prices is a property of the deposited tariff rather than an oversight, and it is the object of the study. The generator, HRES_Dataset_Generator.m, regenerates every exogenous input: the ground-truth photovoltaic, wind and demand profiles for three weather regimes; the tariff with its period index; the export price; the diurnal grid carbon intensity; and the Monte Carlo forecast uncertainty ensembles. The profiles reproduce bit-for-bit under the seeding protocol documented in the README. It requires base MATLAB R2024a with no toolboxes. The deposit also contains the numerical results underlying every table and figure of the associated article and its supplementary file: ten comma-separated result files covering comparative performance, paired significance tests, annualised techno-economics, scenario reduction fidelity, forecast-error stress response, non-anticipativity ablation, carbon accounting under two conventions, the cost-carbon frontier, risk-measure degeneracy and the lifecycle carbon assessment; the per-seed campaign record over 30 independent realisations in each of three regimes; and thirty-four vector figures, seventeen of which appear in the article and seventeen in the supplementary file. All profiles are synthetic. They are constructed to span surplus-dominated, deficit-dominated and volatility-dominated operation rather than to reproduce any specific location, and the grid carbon intensity is an average-factor model.","author":[{"family":"Tegani","given":"Ilyes"},{"family":"Afghoul","given":"Hamza"},{"family":"Alharbi","given":"Salah"},{"family":"Alharbi","given":"Saleh"},{"family":"Tegani","given":"Salem"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21874938","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21874938","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22029915","type":"article-journal","title":"European Heat Pump Keymark Population Dataset and COP Models for Cold-Climate Building Simulation","abstract":"A statistical-population treatment of the European Heat Pump KEYMARK certification corpus for air-to-water heat pumps: deduplicated test-point data, population-scale EN 14825 SCOP validation, mixed-effects population COP models with per-product uncertainty, Estonian climate-transfer data, building archetype load profiles, and standalone conversion code for dynamic building energy simulation. Version 2 (August 2026) — release accompanying the revised method article: two anchoring modes (shape-only and backup-aware) implemented and documented in the code; capacity-interpolation Step 4; floor-aware numerical anchoring solve; corrected code constants; new validation/ scripts (out-of-sample error tables, backup-share population, anchored spread, rating-schedule check); a temporal hold-out on a 20 August 2026 Keymark snapshot (66 snapshot-unseen models; derived cohort and error data included, model not refitted) with a deposit-only replay script; IDA ICE consistency-check meter files; automated tests reproducing the worked example. It also adds an external laboratory hold-out: the frozen population COP model (no refitting) evaluated on the published test results of the WPZ Buchs heat-pump test centre (OST – Ostschweizer Fachhochschule, IES; “Prüfresultate Luft/Wasser-Wärmepumpen”, edition 29.05.2026) — 104 tested air-to-water units parsed, a 102-unit primary cohort (49 manufacturers, 1,021 measured EN 14511 full-load and EN 14825 part-load points) after the pre-committed identity screen against the Keymark training corpus. Cold-only fixed effects: MAE 0.448 (manufacturer-cluster bootstrap 95 % CI 0.391–0.521), RMSE 0.607, mean bias −0.054, R² 0.839; full-load points MAE 0.350 / bias +0.036 versus part-load points MAE 0.623 / bias −0.218; all 104 units: MAE 0.451, bias −0.064. Shipped as derived CSVs (scop_validation/wpz_*), a deposit-only replay script (validation/wpz_holdout.py), build-stage documentation and automated checks (code/test_wpz_holdout.py); only the transcribed measured values and derived errors are deposited, the WPZ PDF is not redistributed (source statement in scop_validation/SOURCES_wpz.md). Data files and fitted models are unchanged and remain frozen to the 18 March 2026 snapshot. Contents models/ — Mixed-effects population COP models of the Log+InvSqrt form COP = β₂ + β₀·ln(ΔT) + β₁/√ΔT, with per-product random effects. All-climate variant (53,551 EN 14825 test points, 3,395 heat-pump groups: β₀ = −1.8528, β₁ = +18.0463, β₂ = +7.2602) and cold-only variant (11,397 Colder-zone points, 979 groups: β₀ = −2.5819, β₁ = +6.6052, β₂ = +11.7252), plus functional-form comparison tables. scop_validation/ — Batch EN 14825 bin-method SCOP recalculation for 26,478 valid configuration×climate×supply-temperature rows (declared vs recalculated SCOP and deviations); implementation validated against the EN 14825:2018 Annex H reference example (3.60 vs 3.61). training_data/ — The 53,551 deduplicated EN 14825 part-load test points (COP vs temperature lift, with supply temperature, climate zone, and group identifiers) used for model training. climate/ — Estonian test reference year (1990–2020) heating-season hours mapped to 1 °C bins alongside the EN 14825 Colder template, with part-load factors and population COP per bin; population SCOP shape factors under both climates. archetypes/ — Synthetic hourly space-heating and DHW load profiles for two Estonian single-family-house archetypes (pre-retrofit and nZEB), with parameter manifests. code/ — Standalone Python implementations of the EN 14825 bin-method SCOP calculator and the four-step SCOP→hourly-COP conversion (heating curve → population COP shape → α-rescaling → capacity-aware piecewise operation) for dynamic building simulation. Provenance and rights. All quantities are derived from the publicly available Heat Pump KEYMARK certification database (https://keymark.eu/, accessed 18 March 2026 (population models and training data are frozen to that snapshot; a separate temporal hold","author":[{"family":"Võsa","given":"Karl"},{"family":"Simson","given":"Raimo"},{"family":"Mikola","given":"Alo"},{"family":"Kurnitski","given":"Jarek"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22029915","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22029915","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20627396","type":"article-journal","title":"European Heat Pump Keymark Population Dataset and COP Models for Cold-Climate Building Simulation","abstract":"A statistical-population treatment of the European Heat Pump KEYMARK certification corpus for air-to-water heat pumps: deduplicated test-point data, population-scale EN 14825 SCOP validation, mixed-effects population COP models with per-product uncertainty, Estonian climate-transfer data, building archetype load profiles, and standalone conversion code for dynamic building energy simulation. Version 2 (August 2026) — release accompanying the revised method article: two anchoring modes (shape-only and backup-aware) implemented and documented in the code; capacity-interpolation Step 4; floor-aware numerical anchoring solve; corrected code constants; new validation/ scripts (out-of-sample error tables, backup-share population, anchored spread, rating-schedule check); a temporal hold-out on a 20 August 2026 Keymark snapshot (66 snapshot-unseen models; derived cohort and error data included, model not refitted) with a deposit-only replay script; IDA ICE consistency-check meter files; automated tests reproducing the worked example. It also adds an external laboratory hold-out: the frozen population COP model (no refitting) evaluated on the published test results of the WPZ Buchs heat-pump test centre (OST – Ostschweizer Fachhochschule, IES; “Prüfresultate Luft/Wasser-Wärmepumpen”, edition 29.05.2026) — 104 tested air-to-water units parsed, a 102-unit primary cohort (49 manufacturers, 1,021 measured EN 14511 full-load and EN 14825 part-load points) after the pre-committed identity screen against the Keymark training corpus. Cold-only fixed effects: MAE 0.448 (manufacturer-cluster bootstrap 95 % CI 0.391–0.521), RMSE 0.607, mean bias −0.054, R² 0.839; full-load points MAE 0.350 / bias +0.036 versus part-load points MAE 0.623 / bias −0.218; all 104 units: MAE 0.451, bias −0.064. Shipped as derived CSVs (scop_validation/wpz_*), a deposit-only replay script (validation/wpz_holdout.py), build-stage documentation and automated checks (code/test_wpz_holdout.py); only the transcribed measured values and derived errors are deposited, the WPZ PDF is not redistributed (source statement in scop_validation/SOURCES_wpz.md). Data files and fitted models are unchanged and remain frozen to the 18 March 2026 snapshot. Contents models/ — Mixed-effects population COP models of the Log+InvSqrt form COP = β₂ + β₀·ln(ΔT) + β₁/√ΔT, with per-product random effects. All-climate variant (53,551 EN 14825 test points, 3,395 heat-pump groups: β₀ = −1.8528, β₁ = +18.0463, β₂ = +7.2602) and cold-only variant (11,397 Colder-zone points, 979 groups: β₀ = −2.5819, β₁ = +6.6052, β₂ = +11.7252), plus functional-form comparison tables. scop_validation/ — Batch EN 14825 bin-method SCOP recalculation for 26,478 valid configuration×climate×supply-temperature rows (declared vs recalculated SCOP and deviations); implementation validated against the EN 14825:2018 Annex H reference example (3.60 vs 3.61). training_data/ — The 53,551 deduplicated EN 14825 part-load test points (COP vs temperature lift, with supply temperature, climate zone, and group identifiers) used for model training. climate/ — Estonian test reference year (1990–2020) heating-season hours mapped to 1 °C bins alongside the EN 14825 Colder template, with part-load factors and population COP per bin; population SCOP shape factors under both climates. archetypes/ — Synthetic hourly space-heating and DHW load profiles for two Estonian single-family-house archetypes (pre-retrofit and nZEB), with parameter manifests. code/ — Standalone Python implementations of the EN 14825 bin-method SCOP calculator and the four-step SCOP→hourly-COP conversion (heating curve → population COP shape → α-rescaling → capacity-aware piecewise operation) for dynamic building simulation. Provenance and rights. All quantities are derived from the publicly available Heat Pump KEYMARK certification database (https://keymark.eu/, accessed 18 March 2026 (population models and training data are frozen to that snapshot; a separate temporal hold","author":[{"family":"Võsa","given":"Karl"},{"family":"Simson","given":"Raimo"},{"family":"Mikola","given":"Alo"},{"family":"Kurnitski","given":"Jarek"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20627396","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20627396","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20067428","type":"article-journal","title":"CARMEn-RES Co-Design: Multi-objective optimisation of hybrid solar energy integration in circular brine valorisation","abstract":"Python simulation and multi-objective optimisation framework for the co-design of hybrid solar energy systems (photovoltaic, battery storage, solar-thermal collectors, hot-water thermal storage) coupled to the CARMEn circular brine valorisation chain. Three industrially representative feed scenarios (RO brine, NF retentate, saltwork bittern) are evaluated at Trapani, Sicily under both grid-connected and fully renewable operating modes using NSGA-II with four simultaneous objectives (NPV, electrical coverage, thermal coverage, CAPEX). Associated with the paper published in Energy Conversion and Management, 2026.","author":[{"family":"Guarino","given":"Stefania"},{"family":"Catrini","given":"Pietro"},{"family":"Battaglia","given":"Giuseppe"},{"family":"Scelfo","given":"Giuseppe"},{"family":"Micale","given":"Giorgio"},{"family":"Fratini","given":"Livan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20067428","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20067428","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.17605/osf.io/yk98z","type":"article-journal","title":"Energy Use and Renewable Sources in the Coffee Post-Harvest Chain: A Systematic Review","abstract":"The post-harvest process of coffee involves several stages such as drying, processing, storage, and roasting, which traditionally have high energy demands. This high consumption directly impacts production costs, operational efficiency, and the environmental sustainability of the production chain. Despite the relevance of the topic, the scientific literature still lacks systematization, presenting scattered results, heterogeneous methodologies, and a lack of consolidated evidence on the real energy performance of the technologies used, as well as on digital and precision agriculture alternatives aimed at optimizing these stages.","author":[{"family":"Soares","given":"Camila"},{"family":"Leardini","given":"Lucas"},{"family":"Oliveira","given":"João"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.17605/osf.io/yk98z","URL":"https://doi.org/10.17605/osf.io/yk98z","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.24406/publica-10110","type":"article-journal","title":"Graph reinforcement learning for power grids: A comprehensive survey","abstract":"The increasing share of renewable energy and distributed electricity generation requires the development of deep learning approaches to address the lack of flexibility inherent in traditional power grid methods. In this context, Graph Neural Networks are a promising solution due to their ability to learn from graph-structured data. Combined with Reinforcement Learning, they can be used as control approaches to determine remedial actions. This review analyzes how Graph Reinforcement Learning can improve representation learning and decision-making in power grid applications, particularly transmission and distribution grids. We analyze the reviewed approaches in terms of the graph structure, the Graph Neural Network architecture, and the Reinforcement Learning approach. Although Graph Reinforcement Learning has demonstrated adaptability to unpredictable events and noisy data, its current stage is primarily proof-of-concept, and it is not yet deployable to real-world applications. We highlight the open challenges and limitations for real-world applications.","author":[{"family":"Hassouna","given":"Mohamed"},{"family":"Holzhüter","given":"Clara"},{"family":"Lytaev","given":"Pawel"},{"family":"Thomas","given":"Josephine"},{"family":"Sick","given":"Bernhard"},{"family":"Scholz","given":"Christoph"},{"family":"Unav"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.24406/publica-10110","URL":"https://doi.org/10.24406/publica-10110","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.24406/publica-9853","type":"article-journal","title":"Recent Developments in Electrochemical Lignin Depolymerization Using Flow Systems: A Mini Review","abstract":"Lignin, the second most abundant biopolymer, remains critically underutilized despite annual availability of 50 million tons. Electrochemical flow depolymerization combines energy‐efficient hydrogen production with selective lignin upgrading, offering a promising pathway to unlock this renewable aromatic feedstock. This mini‐review provides the first systematic analysis of flow‐based anodic lignin depolymerization studies, categorizing them into three strategic objectives: (1) oxygen evolution reaction (OER) substitution achieving cell voltage reductions of 0.2–0.45 V and 20%–40% energy savings, (2) nonselective fragmentation yielding oligomeric intermediates with molecular weight reductions up to 87%, and (3) selective monomer production up to 8 wt%. Critical deficiencies limiting industrial translation include incomplete lignin characterization, heterogeneous reactor descriptions, absence of standardized analytics, and prevalence of semibatch over continuous operation. Six research priorities are defined: (1) transition to continuous single‐pass or CSTR configurations with integrated product separation, (2) standardized test protocols and reference lignins with unified analytical methods, (3) comprehensive reactor design specifications, (4) development of stable noble metal‐free electrodes, (5) integration of continuous downstream separation technologies, and (6) systematic technoeconomic and life cycle assessments versus petrochemical benchmarks. This roadmap advances electrochemical lignin valorization from laboratory toward industrial readiness, essential for circular carbon economy strategies and chemical industry defossilization.","author":[{"family":"Lentz","given":"Lukas"},{"family":"Tübke","given":"Jens"},{"family":"Kunkel","given":"Robin"},{"family":"Unav"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.24406/publica-9853","URL":"https://doi.org/10.24406/publica-9853","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.24406/publica-5167","type":"article-journal","title":"Renewable energy cooperation in Europe: Taking stock and looking forward","abstract":"Since the entry into force of the Renewable Energy Directive (2009/28/EC) in 2009, European Union Member States may use the so-called cooperation mechanisms (statistical transfers, joint projects and joint support schemes) to meet their renewable energy targets cost-effectively, contributing to a decarbonised energy transition. Those mechanisms could play a vital role in achieving the ambitious European Union 2030 targets. However, despite their potential benefits, their use has been limited and a critical review of the scientific literature has not been performed so far. To take stock of the state of research, identify weaknesses in the literature, propose avenues for future research and shed light on the past performance of these mechanisms, a systematic review and a bibliometric analysis of the scientific literature on the renewable energy cooperation mechanisms are performed. The results show that there is a clear gap between the current challenges and ambitions at the European level regarding the use of those mechanisms and the outdated nature of scholarly contributions. Furthermore, past research neglects crucial aspects of cooperation. This study proposes a research agenda on the topic and suggests strategies to promote the adoption of the cooperation mechanisms.","author":[{"family":"Panny","given":"Julia"},{"family":"Río","given":"Pablo"},{"family":"Unav"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.24406/publica-5167","URL":"https://doi.org/10.24406/publica-5167","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.48548/pubdata-4188","type":"article-journal","title":"Meat substitutes: Resource demands and environmental footprints","abstract":"The modern food system is characterized with high environmental impact, which is in many cases associated with increased rates of animal production and overconsumption. The adoption of alternatives to meat proteins (insects, plants, mycoprotein, microalgae, cultured meat, etc.) might potentially influence the environmental impact and human health in a positive or negative way but could also trigger indirect impacts with higher consumption rates. Current review provides a condensed analysis on potential environmental impacts, resource consumption rates and unintended trade-offs associated with integration of alternative proteins in complex global food system in the form of meat substitutes. We focus on emissions of greenhouse gases, land use, non-renewable energy use and water footprint highlighted for both ingredients used for meat substitutes and ready products. The benefits and limitations of meat substitution are highlighted in relation to a weight and protein content. The analysis of the recent research literature allowed us to define issues, that require the attention of future studies.","author":[{"family":"Smetana","given":"Sergiy"},{"family":"Ristic","given":"Dusan"},{"family":"Pleissner","given":"Daniel"},{"family":"Tuomisto","given":"Hanna"},{"family":"Parniakov","given":"Oleksii"},{"family":"Heinz","given":"Volker"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.48548/pubdata-4188","URL":"https://doi.org/10.48548/pubdata-4188","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.21256/zhaw-33577","type":"article-journal","title":"Modernizing district heating networks : a strategic decision-support framework for sustainable retrofitting","abstract":"This study explores modernization strategies for existing district heating (DH) networks to enhance their efficiency and sustainability, focusing on achieving net-zero emissions in urban heating systems. Building upon a literature review and expert interviews, we developed a strategic decision-support framework that outlines distinct strategies for retrofitting district heating grids and includes a portfolio analysis. This framework serves as a tool to guide DH operators and stakeholders in selecting well-founded modernization pathways by considering technical, economic, and social dimensions. The review identifies several promising measures, such as reducing operational temperatures at substations, implementing optimized substations, integrating renewable and waste heat sources, implementing thermal energy storage (TES), deploying smart metering and monitoring infrastructure, and expanding networks while addressing public concerns. Additionally, the review highlights the importance of stakeholder engagement and policy support in successfully implementing these strategies. The developed strategic decision-support framework helps practitioners select a tailored modernization strategy aligned with the local context. Furthermore, the findings show the necessity of adopting a comprehensive approach that combines technical upgrades with robust stakeholder involvement and supportive policy measures to facilitate the transition to sustainable urban heating solutions. For example, the development of decision-support tools enables stakeholders to systematically evaluate and select grid modernization strategies, directly helping to reduce transmission losses and lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions contributing to climate goals and enhancing energy security. Indeed, as shown in the reviewed literature, retrofitting high-temperature district heating networks with low-temperature distribution and integrating renewables can lead to near-complete decarbonization of the supplied heat. Additionally, integrating advanced digital technologies, such as smart grid systems, can enhance grid efficiency and enable a greater share of variable renewable energy thus supporting national decarbonization targets. Further investigation could point to the most determining context factors for best choices to improve the sustainability and efficiency of existing DH systems. The developed evaluation framework (implemented in Excel) helps to choose a tailored modernization strategy for District Heating aligned to the local context: DOI 10.5281/zenodo.19820124","author":[{"family":"Bahadori","given":"Reza"},{"family":"Speich","given":"Matthias"},{"family":"Ulli-Beer","given":"Silvia"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.21256/zhaw-33577","URL":"https://doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-33577","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21449169","type":"article-journal","title":"Treatment of Landfill Leachate Using Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Processes (EAOPs)","abstract":"Landfill leachate is one of the most complex and hazardous wastewaters generated during the decomposition of municipal solid waste (MSW). It contains high concentrations of refractory organic matter, ammonia, heavy metals, dissolved salts, xenobiotic compounds, pharmaceuticals, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, and other emerging contaminants, whose composition varies with landfill age, climatic conditions, and waste characteristics. Conventional treatment technologies, including biological treatment, coagulation–flocculation, adsorption, membrane filtration, and chemical oxidation, often exhibit limited effectiveness in treating mature landfill leachate because of its low biodegradability, high toxicity, and complex chemical composition. Consequently, there is an increasing demand for advanced treatment technologies capable of achieving efficient degradation and complete mineralization of persistent pollutants while minimizing secondary pollution. Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Processes (EAOPs) have emerged as one of the most promising and environmentally sustainable technologies for landfill leachate treatment due to their ability to generate highly reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly hydroxyl radicals (•OH), directly within the electrochemical reactor. These oxidizing species exhibit exceptionally high oxidation potentials and are capable of non-selectively degrading a wide range of refractory organic contaminants into simpler intermediates and ultimately mineralizing them into carbon dioxide, water, and inorganic ions. Compared with conventional oxidation methods, EAOPs offer several advantages, including in situ oxidant generation, minimal chemical consumption, reduced sludge production, operational flexibility, high oxidation efficiency, and compatibility with hybrid treatment systems. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles, reaction mechanisms, operational parameters, and recent developments of EAOPs for landfill leachate treatment. The classification of major electrochemical technologies, including anodic oxidation (AO), Electro-Fenton (EF), Photoelectro-Fenton (PEF), Electro-Peroxone (EP), and emerging hybrid electrochemical oxidation systems, is critically discussed with emphasis on their oxidation mechanisms, reactor configurations, and pollutant degradation pathways. Particular attention is devoted to the electrochemical generation of hydroxyl radicals, direct and indirect oxidation mechanisms, mineralization processes, and kinetic models governing contaminant degradation. The influence of critical operational parameters—including electrode material, current density, solution pH, supporting electrolyte composition, reaction time, temperature, reactor design, and energy consumption—on treatment efficiency is comprehensively evaluated. Recent advances in electrode engineering, particularly the development of boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes, mixed metal oxide anodes, carbon-based cathodes, nanostructured electrode materials, and three-dimensional electrochemical reactors, are reviewed with respect to their contributions to enhanced oxidation efficiency, improved current utilization, and reduced energy demand. Furthermore, this review critically evaluates the performance of EAOPs in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, total organic carbon (TOC) mineralization, ammonia oxidation, color removal, heavy metal elimination, toxicity reduction, and degradation of emerging contaminants. Comparative analysis demonstrates that Electro-Fenton and Photoelectro-Fenton processes generally achieve superior mineralization efficiencies due to continuous hydroxyl radical generation, whereas anodic oxidation employing boron-doped diamond electrodes provides excellent oxidation capability for highly refractory organic compounds. Hybrid electrochemical systems integrating biological treatment, electrocoagulation, membrane separation, photocatalysis, and persulfate activation h","author":[{"family":"Rajput","given":"Mradul"},{"family":"Garg","given":"Aum"},{"family":"Meena","given":"Amit"},{"family":"Ken","given":"Bhupendra"},{"family":"Vijay","given":"Mukul"},{"family":"Nahar","given":"Kapil"},{"family":"Dehariya","given":"Neetesh"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21449169","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21449169","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21449170","type":"article-journal","title":"Treatment of Landfill Leachate Using Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Processes (EAOPs)","abstract":"Landfill leachate is one of the most complex and hazardous wastewaters generated during the decomposition of municipal solid waste (MSW). It contains high concentrations of refractory organic matter, ammonia, heavy metals, dissolved salts, xenobiotic compounds, pharmaceuticals, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, and other emerging contaminants, whose composition varies with landfill age, climatic conditions, and waste characteristics. Conventional treatment technologies, including biological treatment, coagulation–flocculation, adsorption, membrane filtration, and chemical oxidation, often exhibit limited effectiveness in treating mature landfill leachate because of its low biodegradability, high toxicity, and complex chemical composition. Consequently, there is an increasing demand for advanced treatment technologies capable of achieving efficient degradation and complete mineralization of persistent pollutants while minimizing secondary pollution. Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Processes (EAOPs) have emerged as one of the most promising and environmentally sustainable technologies for landfill leachate treatment due to their ability to generate highly reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly hydroxyl radicals (•OH), directly within the electrochemical reactor. These oxidizing species exhibit exceptionally high oxidation potentials and are capable of non-selectively degrading a wide range of refractory organic contaminants into simpler intermediates and ultimately mineralizing them into carbon dioxide, water, and inorganic ions. Compared with conventional oxidation methods, EAOPs offer several advantages, including in situ oxidant generation, minimal chemical consumption, reduced sludge production, operational flexibility, high oxidation efficiency, and compatibility with hybrid treatment systems. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles, reaction mechanisms, operational parameters, and recent developments of EAOPs for landfill leachate treatment. The classification of major electrochemical technologies, including anodic oxidation (AO), Electro-Fenton (EF), Photoelectro-Fenton (PEF), Electro-Peroxone (EP), and emerging hybrid electrochemical oxidation systems, is critically discussed with emphasis on their oxidation mechanisms, reactor configurations, and pollutant degradation pathways. Particular attention is devoted to the electrochemical generation of hydroxyl radicals, direct and indirect oxidation mechanisms, mineralization processes, and kinetic models governing contaminant degradation. The influence of critical operational parameters—including electrode material, current density, solution pH, supporting electrolyte composition, reaction time, temperature, reactor design, and energy consumption—on treatment efficiency is comprehensively evaluated. Recent advances in electrode engineering, particularly the development of boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes, mixed metal oxide anodes, carbon-based cathodes, nanostructured electrode materials, and three-dimensional electrochemical reactors, are reviewed with respect to their contributions to enhanced oxidation efficiency, improved current utilization, and reduced energy demand. Furthermore, this review critically evaluates the performance of EAOPs in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, total organic carbon (TOC) mineralization, ammonia oxidation, color removal, heavy metal elimination, toxicity reduction, and degradation of emerging contaminants. Comparative analysis demonstrates that Electro-Fenton and Photoelectro-Fenton processes generally achieve superior mineralization efficiencies due to continuous hydroxyl radical generation, whereas anodic oxidation employing boron-doped diamond electrodes provides excellent oxidation capability for highly refractory organic compounds. Hybrid electrochemical systems integrating biological treatment, electrocoagulation, membrane separation, photocatalysis, and persulfate activation h","author":[{"family":"Rajput","given":"Mradul"},{"family":"Garg","given":"Aum"},{"family":"Meena","given":"Amit"},{"family":"Ken","given":"Bhupendra"},{"family":"Vijay","given":"Mukul"},{"family":"Nahar","given":"Kapil"},{"family":"Dehariya","given":"Neetesh"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21449170","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21449170","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20625872","type":"article-journal","title":"An Overview of Extreme Learning Machine-Based Intelligent Fault Localization Approaches","abstract":"Abstract The reliable operation of modern power systems depends heavily on the rapid detection and accurate localization of faults occurring in transmission and distribution networks. With the increasing integration of renewable energy resources, smart grid technologies, distributed generation, and advanced communication infrastructures, conventional fault localization methods face significant challenges related to network complexity, dynamic operating conditions, and measurement uncertainties. In recent years, Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based techniques have emerged as promising alternatives for enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of fault localization processes. Among these techniques, the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) has gained considerable attention due to its fast learning capability, low computational complexity, excellent generalization performance, and suitability for real-time applications. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of ELM-based intelligent fault localization approaches developed for power system protection and monitoring. The review discusses the fundamental principles of fault localization and the theoretical foundations of ELM, including its architecture, learning mechanism, and major variants such as Online Sequential ELM, Kernel ELM, Weighted ELM, and Deep ELM. Furthermore, existing research contributions employing ELM for transmission lines, distribution networks, microgrids, renewable energy-integrated systems, and smart grid environments are systematically analyzed and compared. The paper also examines various signal processing and feature extraction techniques used in conjunction with ELM, including wavelet transforms, empirical mode decomposition, and phasor measurement unit-based approaches. Performance metrics, implementation challenges, and comparative advantages of ELM over traditional machine learning methods are critically evaluated. Finally, current research gaps and future directions are identified, highlighting opportunities in explainable artificial intelligence, federated learning, digital twins, edge computing, and hybrid intelligent fault localization frameworks. The findings indicate that ELM-based approaches offer a promising and computationally efficient solution for next-generation intelligent fault localization systems, contributing significantly to the development of reliable, adaptive, and resilient smart power grids. Keywords: Fault Localization, Extreme Learning Machine, Artificial Intelligence, Smart Grid, Distribution Networks, Power System Protection, Machine Learning, Intelligent Fault Diagnosis","author":[{"family":"Raut","given":"Priyanka"},{"family":"Dongre","given":"Kiran"},{"family":"Bhagat","given":"Amol"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20625872","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20625872","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20625873","type":"article-journal","title":"An Overview of Extreme Learning Machine-Based Intelligent Fault Localization Approaches","abstract":"Abstract The reliable operation of modern power systems depends heavily on the rapid detection and accurate localization of faults occurring in transmission and distribution networks. With the increasing integration of renewable energy resources, smart grid technologies, distributed generation, and advanced communication infrastructures, conventional fault localization methods face significant challenges related to network complexity, dynamic operating conditions, and measurement uncertainties. In recent years, Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based techniques have emerged as promising alternatives for enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of fault localization processes. Among these techniques, the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) has gained considerable attention due to its fast learning capability, low computational complexity, excellent generalization performance, and suitability for real-time applications. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of ELM-based intelligent fault localization approaches developed for power system protection and monitoring. The review discusses the fundamental principles of fault localization and the theoretical foundations of ELM, including its architecture, learning mechanism, and major variants such as Online Sequential ELM, Kernel ELM, Weighted ELM, and Deep ELM. Furthermore, existing research contributions employing ELM for transmission lines, distribution networks, microgrids, renewable energy-integrated systems, and smart grid environments are systematically analyzed and compared. The paper also examines various signal processing and feature extraction techniques used in conjunction with ELM, including wavelet transforms, empirical mode decomposition, and phasor measurement unit-based approaches. Performance metrics, implementation challenges, and comparative advantages of ELM over traditional machine learning methods are critically evaluated. Finally, current research gaps and future directions are identified, highlighting opportunities in explainable artificial intelligence, federated learning, digital twins, edge computing, and hybrid intelligent fault localization frameworks. The findings indicate that ELM-based approaches offer a promising and computationally efficient solution for next-generation intelligent fault localization systems, contributing significantly to the development of reliable, adaptive, and resilient smart power grids. Keywords: Fault Localization, Extreme Learning Machine, Artificial Intelligence, Smart Grid, Distribution Networks, Power System Protection, Machine Learning, Intelligent Fault Diagnosis","author":[{"family":"Raut","given":"Priyanka"},{"family":"Dongre","given":"Kiran"},{"family":"Bhagat","given":"Amol"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20625873","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20625873","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22124958","type":"article-journal","title":"Wireless Sensor Networks for Border Surveillance: A Comprehensive Review of Architectures, Energy Efficiency, and AI-Driven Intrusion Detection","abstract":"Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have emerged as a critical component of modern bordersurveillance, enabling autonomous, distributed, and energy-efficient monitoring across complex terrains.This paper presents a consolidated review of technological advancements that have strengthened intrusiondetection and situational awareness in WSN-based defense systems. The surveyed works were analyzed interms of deployment architectures, communication mechanisms, energy optimization, and security enhancements.The review indicates a clear evolution from basic ad hoc sensing models to intelligent, multi-layeredarchitectures that integrate Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and Unmanned AerialVehicles (UAVs). Key improvements include energy-aware clustering, probabilistic barrier coverage, anddeep learning–based intrusion detection, which collectively achieve high detection accuracy while extendingnetwork lifetime. Despite these advancements, real deployments remain challenged by harsh environments,limited battery capacity, and cybersecurity vulnerabilities. The study highlights that lightweight trust models,bio-inspired optimization, and renewable energy support can significantly enhance resilience. Futureborder surveillance systems will increasingly rely on UAV-assisted processing, secure communication, andhybrid WSN–IoT integration.","author":[{"family":"Ghosh","given":"Sohini"},{"family":"Mahapatra","given":"Ritwika"},{"family":"Chatterjee","given":"Anjita"},{"family":"Sarkar","given":"Sreyashee"},{"family":"Dutta","given":"Swastika"},{"family":"Das","given":"Smita"},{"family":"Dutta","given":"Jhalak"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22124958","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22124958","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22124959","type":"article-journal","title":"Wireless Sensor Networks for Border Surveillance: A Comprehensive Review of Architectures, Energy Efficiency, and AI-Driven Intrusion Detection","abstract":"Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have emerged as a critical component of modern bordersurveillance, enabling autonomous, distributed, and energy-efficient monitoring across complex terrains.This paper presents a consolidated review of technological advancements that have strengthened intrusiondetection and situational awareness in WSN-based defense systems. The surveyed works were analyzed interms of deployment architectures, communication mechanisms, energy optimization, and security enhancements.The review indicates a clear evolution from basic ad hoc sensing models to intelligent, multi-layeredarchitectures that integrate Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and Unmanned AerialVehicles (UAVs). Key improvements include energy-aware clustering, probabilistic barrier coverage, anddeep learning–based intrusion detection, which collectively achieve high detection accuracy while extendingnetwork lifetime. Despite these advancements, real deployments remain challenged by harsh environments,limited battery capacity, and cybersecurity vulnerabilities. The study highlights that lightweight trust models,bio-inspired optimization, and renewable energy support can significantly enhance resilience. Futureborder surveillance systems will increasingly rely on UAV-assisted processing, secure communication, andhybrid WSN–IoT integration.","author":[{"family":"Ghosh","given":"Sohini"},{"family":"Mahapatra","given":"Ritwika"},{"family":"Chatterjee","given":"Anjita"},{"family":"Sarkar","given":"Sreyashee"},{"family":"Dutta","given":"Swastika"},{"family":"Das","given":"Smita"},{"family":"Dutta","given":"Jhalak"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22124959","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22124959","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21939867","type":"article-journal","title":"From Technical Feasibility to Bankability: A Mixed-Method Systematic Review and Cross-Study Techno-Economic Synthesis of Small Hydropower Financing (Supplementary data and code))","abstract":"What is here: A harmonised case-level techno-economic dataset of 930 cases from 252 peer-reviewed studies, in which every monetary value is converted to constant 2024 US dollars by a documented two-step workflow — the official period-average exchange rate for each value's own reference year, then deflation by the US consumer price index — and every extracted number is tied to a verbatim quotation from its source. The deposit also carries the extraction workbook that is the sole input to the analysis, the analysis code in R, the harmonisation and conversion logs, the source-traceability quality control, the blind independent re-extraction and its scoring, the thematic coding instrument and its independent re-application, the screening record for all 1,203 screened records, and the completed PRISMA 2020 checklist. Reproducibility. Rscript run_from_excel.R regenerates every table, figure and reported number in Section 3 of the article from the workbook alone, and checks each against its published value: 315 of 315 validation targets pass, and the script exits non-zero if any fails. Start with README.md, which documents the pipeline stage by stage, the contents of every file, and where each claim in the article is evidenced. DATASETS.md inventories the data. The source PDFs from which the extraction was made are third-party copyright and are not included; every extracted value carries the quotation it was read from, so any figure can be checked against its source without redistributing the paper.","author":[{"family":"Duah","given":"Isaac"},{"family":"Essilfie","given":"David"},{"family":"Sekyere","given":"Charles"},{"family":"Kemausuor","given":"Francis"},{"family":"Twumasi","given":"Elvis"},{"family":"Amaning Adjei","given":"Kwaku"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21939867","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21939867","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21939868","type":"article-journal","title":"From Technical Feasibility to Bankability: A Mixed-Method Systematic Review and Cross-Study Techno-Economic Synthesis of Small Hydropower Financing (Supplementary data and code))","abstract":"What is here: A harmonised case-level techno-economic dataset of 930 cases from 252 peer-reviewed studies, in which every monetary value is converted to constant 2024 US dollars by a documented two-step workflow — the official period-average exchange rate for each value's own reference year, then deflation by the US consumer price index — and every extracted number is tied to a verbatim quotation from its source. The deposit also carries the extraction workbook that is the sole input to the analysis, the analysis code in R, the harmonisation and conversion logs, the source-traceability quality control, the blind independent re-extraction and its scoring, the thematic coding instrument and its independent re-application, the screening record for all 1,203 screened records, and the completed PRISMA 2020 checklist. Reproducibility. Rscript run_from_excel.R regenerates every table, figure and reported number in Section 3 of the article from the workbook alone, and checks each against its published value: 315 of 315 validation targets pass, and the script exits non-zero if any fails. Start with README.md, which documents the pipeline stage by stage, the contents of every file, and where each claim in the article is evidenced. DATASETS.md inventories the data. The source PDFs from which the extraction was made are third-party copyright and are not included; every extracted value carries the quotation it was read from, so any figure can be checked against its source without redistributing the paper.","author":[{"family":"Duah","given":"Isaac"},{"family":"Essilfie","given":"David"},{"family":"Sekyere","given":"Charles"},{"family":"Kemausuor","given":"Francis"},{"family":"Twumasi","given":"Elvis"},{"family":"Amaning Adjei","given":"Kwaku"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21939868","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21939868","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19661479","type":"article-journal","title":"Cooling Techniques for Photovoltaic Systems: A Comprehensive Review of Phase Change Materials","abstract":"Photovoltaic (PV) systems are a promising renewable energy technology, but their performance is negatively impacted by high operating temperatures. This comprehensive review examines various cooling techniques for PV systems, emphasizing the role of phase change materials (PCMs) and comparing their effectiveness with other cooling methods. Passive and active cooling techniques, including water and air-based techniques, PCM integration, thermoelectric cooling, and radiative cooling, were systematically analyzed. The originality lies in its systematic classification of cooling techniques based on heat transfer mechanisms and a detailed evaluation of their performance, economic feasibility, and environmental impact. Quantitative findings indicate that active cooling methods achieve the highest temperature reductions (up to 30 °C) and power gains (15–23 %), but require additional energy and increase complexity of system. Among passive methods, optimized PV/PCM systems provide temperature drops of 10–33 °C and electrical power increases of 10–30 % without any energy input, outperforming conventional passive methods and approaching active cooling performance. Hybrid PV/T/PCM configurations further improve overall energy output by utilizing recovered heat, shortening payback periods from 8–10 years (standalone PV/PCM) to 3–6 years. Additionally, innovative radiative cooling materials and thermoelectric cooling techniques showed temperature reductions of up to 10°C and 15.2% enhancement in electrical efficiency, respectively. Despite their benefits, PCMs face challenges such as high costs, low thermal conductivity, and reliability issues. Life cycle analyses indicate that reducing PCM costs and incorporating advanced designs, such as finned containers or hybrid PV/T systems, enhances heat transfer and economic feasibility while significantly shortening payback periods. This review provides a comparative analysis of cooling techniques, quantifies performance parameters and identifies key research directions to optimize thermal management in PV systems for sustainable energy generation.","author":[{"family":"Yadav","given":"Sandeep"},{"family":"Singh","given":"Surendra"},{"family":"Chaudhary","given":"Abhilasha"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19661479","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19661479","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19661480","type":"article-journal","title":"Cooling Techniques for Photovoltaic Systems: A Comprehensive Review of Phase Change Materials","abstract":"Photovoltaic (PV) systems are a promising renewable energy technology, but their performance is negatively impacted by high operating temperatures. This comprehensive review examines various cooling techniques for PV systems, emphasizing the role of phase change materials (PCMs) and comparing their effectiveness with other cooling methods. Passive and active cooling techniques, including water and air-based techniques, PCM integration, thermoelectric cooling, and radiative cooling, were systematically analyzed. The originality lies in its systematic classification of cooling techniques based on heat transfer mechanisms and a detailed evaluation of their performance, economic feasibility, and environmental impact. Quantitative findings indicate that active cooling methods achieve the highest temperature reductions (up to 30 °C) and power gains (15–23 %), but require additional energy and increase complexity of system. Among passive methods, optimized PV/PCM systems provide temperature drops of 10–33 °C and electrical power increases of 10–30 % without any energy input, outperforming conventional passive methods and approaching active cooling performance. Hybrid PV/T/PCM configurations further improve overall energy output by utilizing recovered heat, shortening payback periods from 8–10 years (standalone PV/PCM) to 3–6 years. Additionally, innovative radiative cooling materials and thermoelectric cooling techniques showed temperature reductions of up to 10°C and 15.2% enhancement in electrical efficiency, respectively. Despite their benefits, PCMs face challenges such as high costs, low thermal conductivity, and reliability issues. Life cycle analyses indicate that reducing PCM costs and incorporating advanced designs, such as finned containers or hybrid PV/T systems, enhances heat transfer and economic feasibility while significantly shortening payback periods. This review provides a comparative analysis of cooling techniques, quantifies performance parameters and identifies key research directions to optimize thermal management in PV systems for sustainable energy generation.","author":[{"family":"Yadav","given":"Sandeep"},{"family":"Singh","given":"Surendra"},{"family":"Chaudhary","given":"Abhilasha"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19661480","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19661480","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.57647/ijsee.2026.1501.01","type":"article-journal","title":"Islanded Microgrids Under Uncertainty: A Review of Concepts, Classification, Challenges, and Research Directions","abstract":"Isolated microgrids, as critical components in achieving energy sustainability and resilience goals, particularly in remote areas beyond the reach of the main grid, in critical conditions, and in systems with high penetration of renewable energy resources, are of increasing importance. However, the optimal operation of these microgrids faces numerous challenges arising from inherent and external uncertainties, including the variability of renewable energy source (RES) output, forecasting errors in load demand, fluctuations in energy markets, and the possibility of equipment malfunctions. With the aim of providing a concise and structured review, this paper first clarifies the theoretical foundations of isolated microgrids and classifies the types of associated uncertainties. It then analyzes and compares the predominant approaches to modeling and managing these uncertainties, including probabilistic, robust, fuzzy, and hybrid methods. Prominent operational and research challenges in this field—such as computational complexity, the need for accurate data, and the requirement for advanced decision-making algorithms—are identified and discussed. Finally, future research directions and promising areas for enhancing the reliability, economic efficiency, and flexibility of isolated microgrids in the face of systematic and stochastic uncertainties are presented. This review study provides a framework for the academic community and industry practitioners to develop innovative solutions for the design and operation of these energy systems.","author":[{"family":"Moradian","given":"Mohamadreza"},{"family":"Gholami","given":"Fatemeh"},{"family":"Alaie","given":"Zahra"},{"family":"Shahgholian","given":"Ghazanfar"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.57647/ijsee.2026.1501.01","URL":"https://doi.org/10.57647/ijsee.2026.1501.01","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19661529","type":"article-journal","title":"Methods for Leakage Monitoring for Safety and Efficiency of ORC System: A Review","abstract":"Abstract: Organic Rankine Cycles (ORCs) are widely used for recovering low-temperature waste heat, particularly in renewable energy systems like biomass. However, their performance is often reduced by undetected heat and gas leakage. This review aims to identify, classify, and assess current leakage de-tection methods specifically suited for ORC systems, focusing on their effectiveness under typical operat-ing conditions. The scope encompasses thermal and gas leakage detection techniques, including tempera-ture, pressure, and flow rate monitoring, as well as advanced diagnostic technologies. The main findings indicate that heat loss from components, such as the expander, and undetected vapor leakage can signifi-cantly degrade system efficiency and output. Continuous temperature, pressure, and flow rate monitoring are the most effective methods for ensuring safety and optimizing system performance, among the re-viewed options. Integrating these techniques with Internet of Things (IoT) devices and machine learning offers promising avenues for real-time diagnostics and predictive maintenance. Future research should fo-cus on developing cost-effective, robust sensors suitable for high-temperature and high-humidity envi-ronments common in ORCs. This review contributes to the broader discussion on improving ORC moni-toring and reliability while proposing practical pathways for technological innovation and sustainable en-ergy conversion.","author":[{"family":"Supono","given":"Ihsan"},{"family":"Adinugroho","given":"Teguh"},{"family":"Firdaus","given":"Himma"},{"family":"Kasiyanto","given":"Iput"},{"family":"Widianti","given":"Tri"},{"family":"Lailiyah","given":"Qudsiyyatul"},{"family":"Kusnandar","given":"Nanang"},{"family":"Rakhmawati","given":"Tri"},{"family":"Damayanti","given":"Sih"},{"family":"Ayundyahrini","given":"Meilinda"},{"family":"Muttaqie","given":"Teguh"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19661529","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19661529","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19661530","type":"article-journal","title":"Methods for Leakage Monitoring for Safety and Efficiency of ORC System: A Review","abstract":"Abstract: Organic Rankine Cycles (ORCs) are widely used for recovering low-temperature waste heat, particularly in renewable energy systems like biomass. However, their performance is often reduced by undetected heat and gas leakage. This review aims to identify, classify, and assess current leakage de-tection methods specifically suited for ORC systems, focusing on their effectiveness under typical operat-ing conditions. The scope encompasses thermal and gas leakage detection techniques, including tempera-ture, pressure, and flow rate monitoring, as well as advanced diagnostic technologies. The main findings indicate that heat loss from components, such as the expander, and undetected vapor leakage can signifi-cantly degrade system efficiency and output. Continuous temperature, pressure, and flow rate monitoring are the most effective methods for ensuring safety and optimizing system performance, among the re-viewed options. Integrating these techniques with Internet of Things (IoT) devices and machine learning offers promising avenues for real-time diagnostics and predictive maintenance. Future research should fo-cus on developing cost-effective, robust sensors suitable for high-temperature and high-humidity envi-ronments common in ORCs. This review contributes to the broader discussion on improving ORC moni-toring and reliability while proposing practical pathways for technological innovation and sustainable en-ergy conversion.","author":[{"family":"Supono","given":"Ihsan"},{"family":"Adinugroho","given":"Teguh"},{"family":"Firdaus","given":"Himma"},{"family":"Kasiyanto","given":"Iput"},{"family":"Widianti","given":"Tri"},{"family":"Lailiyah","given":"Qudsiyyatul"},{"family":"Kusnandar","given":"Nanang"},{"family":"Rakhmawati","given":"Tri"},{"family":"Damayanti","given":"Sih"},{"family":"Ayundyahrini","given":"Meilinda"},{"family":"Muttaqie","given":"Teguh"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19661530","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19661530","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20378670","type":"article-journal","title":"Ocean Wave Energy Conversion (OWEC) Systems in the Philippines: A Comprehensive Review and Critique on Efficiency, Reliability, and Hardware-Based Energy Regulation for Sustainability Power Generation","abstract":"Philippines has a huge, untapped potential of Ocean Wave Energy Conversion (OWEC) systems because of its 36, 289 kilometers coastline, and remains constantly exposed to the Pacific and South China Seas. The archipelago has not yet commercialized the wave energy even though the country has an act of Renewable Energy of 2008 and also committed to the Paris agreement of reducing the emission of greenhouse gases by 57 percent by 2030. The four predominant typologies of the WECs—oscillating water columns (OWC), point absorbers, attenuators, and overtopping devices—are critically assessed, in the current review, concerning the efficiency, long-term structural reliability and durability in the Philippine tropical marine conditions such as extreme tropical typhoon loading and over ten meters high waves. A prototype system of a microcontroller-based system is put on the Arduino Mega 2560 and ESP32 on three adaptive operation modes, which are: Energy Transfer, Protective, and Power Regulation.The results show that sensor-based threshold control algorithms can continuously modify the power take-off damping parameters for effective real-time energy capture while automatically switching the system into a storm-protection mode. Among the evaluated technologies, oscillating water columns (OWC) and point absorber systems appear to be the most suitable options for near-shore applications in the Philippines. This study also introduces low-cost and reproducible hardware set up for embedded monitoring of OWEC systems. In addition, it offers a reference performance benchmark for future wave-energy studies in maritime regions that are both resource-limited and frequently affected by typhoons. The outcomes are particularly relevant for off-grid island communities that still rely heavily on diesel-powered microgrids for electricity.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20378670","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20378670","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20378671","type":"article-journal","title":"Ocean Wave Energy Conversion (OWEC) Systems in the Philippines: A Comprehensive Review and Critique on Efficiency, Reliability, and Hardware-Based Energy Regulation for Sustainability Power Generation","abstract":"Philippines has a huge, untapped potential of Ocean Wave Energy Conversion (OWEC) systems because of its 36, 289 kilometers coastline, and remains constantly exposed to the Pacific and South China Seas. The archipelago has not yet commercialized the wave energy even though the country has an act of Renewable Energy of 2008 and also committed to the Paris agreement of reducing the emission of greenhouse gases by 57 percent by 2030. The four predominant typologies of the WECs—oscillating water columns (OWC), point absorbers, attenuators, and overtopping devices—are critically assessed, in the current review, concerning the efficiency, long-term structural reliability and durability in the Philippine tropical marine conditions such as extreme tropical typhoon loading and over ten meters high waves. A prototype system of a microcontroller-based system is put on the Arduino Mega 2560 and ESP32 on three adaptive operation modes, which are: Energy Transfer, Protective, and Power Regulation.The results show that sensor-based threshold control algorithms can continuously modify the power take-off damping parameters for effective real-time energy capture while automatically switching the system into a storm-protection mode. Among the evaluated technologies, oscillating water columns (OWC) and point absorber systems appear to be the most suitable options for near-shore applications in the Philippines. This study also introduces low-cost and reproducible hardware set up for embedded monitoring of OWEC systems. In addition, it offers a reference performance benchmark for future wave-energy studies in maritime regions that are both resource-limited and frequently affected by typhoons. The outcomes are particularly relevant for off-grid island communities that still rely heavily on diesel-powered microgrids for electricity.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20378671","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20378671","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.24406/publica-5179","type":"article-journal","title":"Enhancing Transparency: Reporting data reliability in prospective assessments of emerging battery technologies","abstract":"New battery technologies that enhance the technical performance of existing batteries are being developed at a rapid pace. This development should be accompanied by prospective assessment of associated costs and environmental impacts to optimize technology design at an early stage and avoid undesired trade-offs. However, the lack of data availability and its low quality for emerging battery technologies, such as solid-state-batteries, hinders the ability to quantify and interpret the impacts. As a result, environmental and cost assessments have large uncertainties and are difficult to compare. Furthermore a transparent result reporting is necessary to advance a reliable decision-support. Given that current frameworks for practitioners are predominantly focused on retrospective assessments, there is a need for a structured approach that addresses aforementioned challenges. This paper presents a reliability rating matrix to support practitioners in communicating prospective economic and environmental assessment results of emerging battery technologies. Serving as a practical tool, it provides a classification for data sources, emphasizing data availability, quality and uncertainty. In order to communicate these aspects transparently, a color coding is introduced for the visualization. The developed guidance was applied to a case study of the production of an innovative solid-state-battery component for two different material classes, thereby enabling the reporting of comparable results within the field of battery technology development.","author":[{"family":"Weber-Harmann","given":"Svenja"},{"family":"Fischer","given":"Kira"},{"family":"Kononova","given":"Nelli"},{"family":"Dilger","given":"Nikolas"},{"family":"Baars","given":"Joris"},{"family":"Zellmer","given":"Sabrina"},{"family":"Herrmann","given":"Christoph"},{"family":"Unav"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.24406/publica-5179","URL":"https://doi.org/10.24406/publica-5179","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5445/ir/1000196662","type":"article-journal","title":"Triple-phase boundary instability as a key degradation factor in sulfide|(oxy)halide dual-electrolyte solid-state batteries","abstract":"Dual-electrolyte solid-state batteries (SSBs) that combine sulfide separators with an (oxy)halide in the positive electrode offer a promising configuration. However, most cell designs rely on additional (oxy)halide interlayers between the separator and the positive electrode. This leaves the intrinsic reactivity at the sulfide-separator|(oxy)halide positive electrode interface largely unexplored. Here, we systematically investigate this interface using Li$_6$PS$_5$Cl and six (oxy)halide solid electrolytes across three cell configurations. We show that the triple-phase boundary between the active material and two solid electrolytes is intrinsically detrimental, leading to rapid performance decay regardless of the (oxy)halide chemistry. High-capacity retention is only achieved when this boundary is avoided. Ex situ and operando X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveal the formation of localized degradation products, including metal sulfides and elemental sulfur/oxidized sulfide compounds, alongside sulfur gas evolution at ∼4.3 V vs. Li⁺/Li. These findings identify triple-phase boundary instability as a key degradation mechanism and provide design guidelines for stable dual-electrolyte architectures.","author":[{"family":"Merola","given":"Leonardo"},{"family":"Singh","given":"Vipin"},{"family":"Schafer","given":"Mareike"},{"family":"Schäfer","given":"Mareike"},{"family":"Cortese","given":"Elena"},{"family":"Natarajan Pugazhendhi","given":"Karthikeyen"},{"family":"Weiß","given":"Alexander"},{"family":"Qian","given":"Lanting"},{"family":"Singh","given":"Shashwat"},{"family":"Benz","given":"Sebastian"},{"family":"Sann","given":"Joachim"},{"family":"Bielefeld","given":"Anja"},{"family":"Aktekin","given":"Burak"},{"family":"Richter","given":"Felix"},{"family":"Nazar","given":"Linda"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5445/ir/1000196662","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000196662","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5445/ir/1000196405","type":"article-journal","title":"Chemo‐Mechanical Behavior of High‐ and Mid‐Ni Cathodes in Sulfide‐Based All‐Solid‐State Batteries: Who Will Prevail?","abstract":"Achieving high energy densities in sulfide-based all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) is fundamentally constrained by the coupled chemo-mechanical degradation of layered oxide cathodes, driven by lattice instability and interfacial chemical reactivity with solid electrolytes. Herein, by reinterpreting conventional lithium-ion battery design principles, we systematically evaluate two contrasting strategies: voltage-restricted operation of a high-nickel cathode (NCM811 at 4.2 V) and high-voltage operation of a mid-nickel cathode (NCM622 at 4.4 V). Using pressure-resolved electrochemical measurements, operando mechanical analysis, and interfacial spectroscopic characterization, we show that limiting the NCM811 upper cut-off voltage effectively suppresses the H2–H3 phase transition, minimizing lattice volume fluctuations and preserving the intrinsic mechanical and chemical stability even without surface protection. In contrast, NCM622 high-voltage operation induces deep delithiation accompanied by pronounced lattice contraction and accelerated sulfide electrolyte oxidative decomposition, leading to severe interfacial degradation and capacity fading. Applying a boron-based (B-based) surface coating to NCM622 significantly suppresses parasitic interfacial reactions, enabling substantial performance recovery and energy densities comparable to those of voltage-restricted high-nickel systems. These results decouple the roles of mechanical instability and chemical interfacial degradation, establishing a flexible cathode design framework that combines voltage window optimization for high-nickel cathodes with targeted interfacial engineering for high-voltage mid-nickel cathodes in ASSBs","author":[{"family":"Kim","given":"Choyeon"},{"family":"Son","given":"Min"},{"family":"Kim","given":"Hyerim"},{"family":"Lee","given":"Hyoju"},{"family":"Xiong","given":"Shizhao"},{"family":"Bresser","given":"Dominic"},{"family":"Jung","given":"Yun"},{"family":"Hwang","given":"Jang"},{"family":"Kim","given":"Un"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5445/ir/1000196405","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000196405","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20067429","type":"article-journal","title":"CARMEn-RES Co-Design: Multi-objective optimisation of hybrid solar energy integration in circular brine valorisation","abstract":"Python simulation and multi-objective optimisation framework for the co-design of hybrid solar energy systems (photovoltaic, battery storage, solar-thermal collectors, hot-water thermal storage) coupled to the CARMEn circular brine valorisation chain. Three industrially representative feed scenarios (RO brine, NF retentate, saltwork bittern) are evaluated at Trapani, Sicily under both grid-connected and fully renewable operating modes using NSGA-II with four simultaneous objectives (NPV, electrical coverage, thermal coverage, CAPEX). Associated with the paper published in Energy Conversion and Management, 2026.","author":[{"family":"Guarino","given":"Stefania"},{"family":"Catrini","given":"Pietro"},{"family":"Battaglia","given":"Giuseppe"},{"family":"Scelfo","given":"Giuseppe"},{"family":"Micale","given":"Giorgio"},{"family":"Fratini","given":"Livan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20067429","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20067429","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21155429","type":"article-journal","title":"The low-altitude economy in Uzbekistan: Unlocking growth across water, agriculture and energy","abstract":"This policy brief examines the emerging low-altitude economy in Uzbekistan and its potential to support growth across water management, agriculture, and energy. Following Uzbekistan’s 2026 policy decision to liberalize civil drone use for legal entities, the brief argues that drone reform should not be treated only as an aviation, transport, or security issue. Instead, it should be viewed as an economic policy opportunity that can improve productivity, infrastructure monitoring, digital public services, and operational decision-making in key development sectors. The brief highlights that the main value of drones lies beyond aviation itself. In Uzbekistan, drones and related digital systems can become practical tools for irrigation monitoring, precision agriculture, crop assessment, water infrastructure inspection, renewable energy operations, and broader infrastructure management. These applications are especially relevant in sectors facing productivity constraints, climate risks, resource pressures, and rising demand for more accurate real-time data. The paper argues that the future legal and institutional framework should be designed around sectoral demand, not only around transport regulation. Ministries, utilities, farmers, irrigation projects, energy companies, and infrastructure operators should be considered as core users of drone services. Public demand can also help create the market by supporting early adoption, setting standards for safety and data use, and encouraging service quality. The brief concludes that Uzbekistan can position itself as a regional drone-services hub in Central Asia if it moves early on regulation, training, certification, data governance, and sector-specific implementation. A sequenced reform approach can help unlock the low-altitude economy while managing safety, privacy, operational, and institutional risks.","author":[{"family":"Akhmedov","given":"Shakhboz"},{"family":"Mavlonov","given":"Akbar"},{"family":"Shamsiev","given":"Saidakbar"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21155429","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21155429","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21155430","type":"article-journal","title":"The low-altitude economy in Uzbekistan: Unlocking growth across water, agriculture and energy","abstract":"This policy brief examines the emerging low-altitude economy in Uzbekistan and its potential to support growth across water management, agriculture, and energy. Following Uzbekistan’s 2026 policy decision to liberalize civil drone use for legal entities, the brief argues that drone reform should not be treated only as an aviation, transport, or security issue. Instead, it should be viewed as an economic policy opportunity that can improve productivity, infrastructure monitoring, digital public services, and operational decision-making in key development sectors. The brief highlights that the main value of drones lies beyond aviation itself. In Uzbekistan, drones and related digital systems can become practical tools for irrigation monitoring, precision agriculture, crop assessment, water infrastructure inspection, renewable energy operations, and broader infrastructure management. These applications are especially relevant in sectors facing productivity constraints, climate risks, resource pressures, and rising demand for more accurate real-time data. The paper argues that the future legal and institutional framework should be designed around sectoral demand, not only around transport regulation. Ministries, utilities, farmers, irrigation projects, energy companies, and infrastructure operators should be considered as core users of drone services. Public demand can also help create the market by supporting early adoption, setting standards for safety and data use, and encouraging service quality. The brief concludes that Uzbekistan can position itself as a regional drone-services hub in Central Asia if it moves early on regulation, training, certification, data governance, and sector-specific implementation. A sequenced reform approach can help unlock the low-altitude economy while managing safety, privacy, operational, and institutional risks.","author":[{"family":"Akhmedov","given":"Shakhboz"},{"family":"Mavlonov","given":"Akbar"},{"family":"Shamsiev","given":"Saidakbar"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21155430","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21155430","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2608.12363","type":"manuscript","title":"EU-ETS under attack? The impact of carbon price suppression on the decarbonization of the power sector","abstract":"European countries are debating policies to mitigate the increased energy costs caused by renewed geopolitical tensions, while pursuing decarbonization and electrification. A notable example is Italy's 2026 Decreto Bollette package, which proposes to remove the carbon price equivalent from the bids of certain gas-driven power plants to wholesale electricity markets, among other provisions. We use this as a case study to assess the long-term implications of suppressing the carbon price signal in the electricity market for investment, emissions, and consumer costs. We employ a stylized Italian power system using MARLEY, a multi-agent reinforcement learning framework focused on long-term electricity market assessments. In this framework, we test this policy across configurations with varying levels of support for green investment, resource adequacy, and flexibility. Results show that partial suppression of the carbon price signal yields short-term cost reductions but only a minor long-term effect on total system costs, as the deferred emissions are ultimately repaid by consumers. CO$_2$ emissions rise across most configurations since suppressing the price signal erodes incentives for renewable and storage investment. Only the most ambitious configurations for supporting green investment avoid this outcome, but they do so by marginalizing the wholesale price signal itself, thereby requiring a commitment to a hybrid market paradigm that is in contradiction with the rationale of the proposed price intervention.","author":[{"family":"Gonzalez-Ruiz","given":"Javier"},{"family":"Rodriguez-Pardo","given":"Carlos"},{"family":"Di Bella","given":"Alice"},{"family":"Mastropietro","given":"Paolo"},{"family":"Chavez-Avila","given":"Jose"},{"family":"Tavoni","given":"Massimo"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.48550/arxiv.2608.12363","URL":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.12363","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20746233","type":"article-journal","title":"MOIRAI Deliverable 3.1 Summary Report on socio-economic and ecological data and indicators (REVIEW PENDING)","abstract":"Coastal marine environments are affected by multiple stressors, such as climate change and chemical pollution, while also being important for e.g. fisheries, renewable energy development and recreational activities. To support sustainable use of the seas, ensure good status of marine ecosystems, and comply with European legislation, it is necessary to monitor and assess the status of marine environments. One tool is ecosystem, climatic and socio-economic indicators. To support the further development of relevant marine indicators in the MOIRAI project, we carried out literature reviews focusing on the current use of indicators. The focus of the literature review was on indicators of ecosystem status, climate change and socioeconomic factors. Indeed, given the strong interplay between coastal marine ecosystems and human activities, the integration of socio-economic indicators, in combination with ecosystem indicators, can improve our understanding of coastal marine environment dynamics, and provide a more holistic perspective. The literature reviews showed that indicators are increasingly used. Marine ecosystem indicators have been predominantly applied in European waters, and especially benthic biodiversity and eutrophication indicators have been used. In recent years, an effort towards holistic assessments of marine ecosystem status has taken place, leading to comprehensive tools for ecosystem assessment. With regards to socio-economic indicators, research on evaluating climate impacts on infrastructure, in particular coastal erosion and sea level rise, is well developed, but gaps on transport or renewable energy supply were revealed. Other fields of study, such as living resources and tourism, are less prevalent, while research on non-living resources is quasi-absent. The literature review also demonstrated a strong focus on developing economies, while research on developed regions, including the Mediterranean, that are the focus of the MOIRAI project, is lacking. However, both ecosystem and socio-economic indicators are less developed around commercial fish species and aquaculture, pointing to a gap that the MOIRAI project canaim to fulfill. Despite progress in the development of climate synthetic indicators, especially the integration of socio-economic data with ecological and physical factors lacks standardization, which hinders long-term monitoring and actionability. The MOIRAIproject will work towards indicators that take physical, chemical, biological, socioeconomic and climate factors into account, and thus be able to support better-informed decision making and enhance coastal resilience and sustainable management.","author":[{"family":"Schourup-Kristensen","given":"Vibe"},{"family":"Tanguy","given":"Paola"},{"family":"Mazzarano","given":"Matteo"},{"family":"Trozzo","given":"Chiara"},{"family":"Galluccio","given":"Giulia"},{"family":"Sidorenko","given":"Vera"},{"family":"Androsov","given":"Alexey"},{"family":"Villasante","given":"Sebastian"},{"family":"Sobral Lores","given":"Adrian"},{"family":"Estévez Rivadulla","given":"Sofía"},{"family":"Moreira Vilar","given":"Maria"},{"family":"Steenbeek","given":"Jeroen"},{"family":"Coll","given":"Marta"},{"family":"Rasmussen","given":"Till"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20746233","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20746233","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20746234","type":"article-journal","title":"MOIRAI Deliverable 3.1 Summary Report on socio-economic and ecological data and indicators (REVIEW PENDING)","abstract":"Coastal marine environments are affected by multiple stressors, such as climate change and chemical pollution, while also being important for e.g. fisheries, renewable energy development and recreational activities. To support sustainable use of the seas, ensure good status of marine ecosystems, and comply with European legislation, it is necessary to monitor and assess the status of marine environments. One tool is ecosystem, climatic and socio-economic indicators. To support the further development of relevant marine indicators in the MOIRAI project, we carried out literature reviews focusing on the current use of indicators. The focus of the literature review was on indicators of ecosystem status, climate change and socioeconomic factors. Indeed, given the strong interplay between coastal marine ecosystems and human activities, the integration of socio-economic indicators, in combination with ecosystem indicators, can improve our understanding of coastal marine environment dynamics, and provide a more holistic perspective. The literature reviews showed that indicators are increasingly used. Marine ecosystem indicators have been predominantly applied in European waters, and especially benthic biodiversity and eutrophication indicators have been used. In recent years, an effort towards holistic assessments of marine ecosystem status has taken place, leading to comprehensive tools for ecosystem assessment. With regards to socio-economic indicators, research on evaluating climate impacts on infrastructure, in particular coastal erosion and sea level rise, is well developed, but gaps on transport or renewable energy supply were revealed. Other fields of study, such as living resources and tourism, are less prevalent, while research on non-living resources is quasi-absent. The literature review also demonstrated a strong focus on developing economies, while research on developed regions, including the Mediterranean, that are the focus of the MOIRAI project, is lacking. However, both ecosystem and socio-economic indicators are less developed around commercial fish species and aquaculture, pointing to a gap that the MOIRAI project canaim to fulfill. Despite progress in the development of climate synthetic indicators, especially the integration of socio-economic data with ecological and physical factors lacks standardization, which hinders long-term monitoring and actionability. The MOIRAIproject will work towards indicators that take physical, chemical, biological, socioeconomic and climate factors into account, and thus be able to support better-informed decision making and enhance coastal resilience and sustainable management.","author":[{"family":"Schourup-Kristensen","given":"Vibe"},{"family":"Tanguy","given":"Paola"},{"family":"Mazzarano","given":"Matteo"},{"family":"Trozzo","given":"Chiara"},{"family":"Galluccio","given":"Giulia"},{"family":"Sidorenko","given":"Vera"},{"family":"Androsov","given":"Alexey"},{"family":"Villasante","given":"Sebastian"},{"family":"Sobral Lores","given":"Adrian"},{"family":"Estévez Rivadulla","given":"Sofía"},{"family":"Moreira Vilar","given":"Maria"},{"family":"Steenbeek","given":"Jeroen"},{"family":"Coll","given":"Marta"},{"family":"Rasmussen","given":"Till"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20746234","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20746234","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.17605/osf.io/7d92x","type":"article-journal","title":"Measurement and assessment practices for power quality in renewable-based microgrids using IoT and edge instrumentation: a scoping review","abstract":"This project hosts the protocol and registration materials for a scoping review of measurement and assessment practices for power quality (PQ) in microgrids with renewable-based distributed generation, as documented in the peer-reviewed journal literature published between 2015 and 2025 in journals listed in the 2025 edition of the Journal Citation Reports. The review is conducted according to the JBI methodology for scoping reviews (Peters et al., 2020), within the framework of Arksey &amp; O'Malley (2005) as refined by Levac et al. (2010), and reported according to PRISMA-ScR (Tricco et al., 2018). It maps five dimensions of reported practice: the PQ indicators used and their aggregation windows; the standards invoked and the conformity thresholds effectively applied; the level of validation of the evidence, from offline simulation to field measurement; reproducibility; and the architecture of the measurement system, including IoT and edge-based instrumentation and the IEC 61000-4-30 measurement class it declares. IoT and edge instrumentation is one of the five dimensions mapped; it is not an eligibility criterion and does not delimit the corpus. Sources searched: Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection and IEEE Xplore, complemented by backward and forward citation chasing. Conference proceedings and grey literature are not eligible. No quartile or prestige filter is applied, no formal critical appraisal of methodological quality is performed, and no effect estimate is pooled. This registration is prospective: the definitive search will be executed only after the registration is deposited.","author":[{"family":"Luján","given":"Juan"},{"family":"Ramos","given":"Jorge"},{"family":"Delgado","given":"Salvador"},{"family":"Monteagudo","given":"Francisco"},{"family":"Abdala","given":"Viktor"},{"family":"Rodríguez","given":"José"},{"family":"Rodríguez","given":"Leticia"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.17605/osf.io/7d92x","URL":"https://doi.org/10.17605/osf.io/7d92x","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.17863/cam.132848","type":"article-journal","title":"Design strategy for integrated photo-rechargeable batteries with high energy density","abstract":"The adoption of autonomous smart devices necessitates new solutions for energy harvesting and storage to power them. Photo-rechargeable batteries, which integrate these functions into a single device, have gained traction as compact and cost-efficient solution for such applications. However, the implications of different system designs and material choices on photo-battery performance remain poorly understood. Here, we first compare the battery performance of solid Li-ion battery cathode materials (e.g. LiFePO4 and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2) with liquid catholytes (e.g. polyiodide and Cu2+/+(dmby)2) for photo-battery applications. The results indicate that the closely packed nature of solid-phase active materials allow for higher volumetric energy density and rate performance. Building on these findings, we present a device architecture for an integrated photo-rechargeable lithium metal battery incorporating a LiFePO4 cathode and a dye-sensitized PV-electrode. These compact photo-batteries can self-charge to 70% state of charge within 10 min under 1-sun illumination and also operate under indoor light. Through simultaneous photo-charging and discharging, we demonstrate that the battery output can be significantly enhanced solely by light energy, offering a clear strategy for future photo-battery design.","author":[{"family":"Kim","given":"Byung"},{"family":"Pujari","given":"Arvind"},{"family":"Kim","given":"Sungtae"},{"family":"Kwon","given":"Tae"},{"family":"De Volder","given":"Michael"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.17863/cam.132848","URL":"https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.132848","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.15394793","type":"article-journal","title":"Preprint of \"Quasi-1D Chain-Based Zirconium Trisulfide as a Low-Potential High-Rate Anode: Structural and Reaction Mechanism Insights\"","abstract":"Materials from the Group IVB transition metal trichalcogenides (TMTCs) family, such as zirconium trisulfide (ZrS3), have attracted significant attention for lithium-ion battery (LIB) applications due to their tunable band gaps, anisotropic conductivity, and high specific capacities. While several theoretical and experimental studies have focused on the synthesis and physicochemical properties of ZrS3, investigations into their lithium-ion storage properties have been limited. Herein, Micro-sized ZrS3 with a quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) layered structure prepared using a straightforward solid-state reaction, were synthesized and evaluated as anode materials for LIBs to understand their electrochemical reaction mechanisms and structural evolution. Galvanostatic charge/discharge and cyclic voltammetry tests at various discharge depths (1.0, 0.3, and 0.001 V) were performed to characterize the transition between intercalation and conversion reactions. After 40 cycles, the ZrS3 electrodes displayed a high discharge capacity of 844 mAh g⁻¹ at a current density of 40 mA g⁻¹. In addition, they exhibited excellent rate capability, delivering a capacity of 281 mAh g⁻¹ at a high current density of 3000 mA g⁻¹ by the 40th cycle, along with remarkable long-term cycling stability over 2300 cycles, maintaining a stable capacity of 408 mAh g⁻¹. Furthermore, structural changes and surface evolution in the ZrS3 electrodes, observed under various electrochemical states through ex-situ characterization (XRD, SEM, SEM-EDX, cross section SEM, XPS and EIS), provided detailed insights into the electrochemical reaction processes. DFT calculations further elucidated the Li-ion diffusion pathways and energy barriers in both bulk and monolayer ZrS3, revealing intrinsic structural advantages that facilitate superior electrochemical performance. Our foundational study, combining detailed experimental analysis with theoretical insights, provides critical guidance for exploring electrochemical capabilities and rationally designing advanced Group IVB TMTC-based anode materials for alkali-ion batteries.","author":[{"family":"Wei","given":"Shuangying"},{"family":"Paušová","given":"Šárka"},{"family":"Bouzek","given":"Karel"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.15394793","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15394793","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.15394794","type":"article-journal","title":"Preprint of \"Quasi-1D Chain-Based Zirconium Trisulfide as a Low-Potential High-Rate Anode: Structural and Reaction Mechanism Insights\"","abstract":"Materials from the Group IVB transition metal trichalcogenides (TMTCs) family, such as zirconium trisulfide (ZrS3), have attracted significant attention for lithium-ion battery (LIB) applications due to their tunable band gaps, anisotropic conductivity, and high specific capacities. While several theoretical and experimental studies have focused on the synthesis and physicochemical properties of ZrS3, investigations into their lithium-ion storage properties have been limited. Herein, Micro-sized ZrS3 with a quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) layered structure prepared using a straightforward solid-state reaction, were synthesized and evaluated as anode materials for LIBs to understand their electrochemical reaction mechanisms and structural evolution. Galvanostatic charge/discharge and cyclic voltammetry tests at various discharge depths (1.0, 0.3, and 0.001 V) were performed to characterize the transition between intercalation and conversion reactions. After 40 cycles, the ZrS3 electrodes displayed a high discharge capacity of 844 mAh g⁻¹ at a current density of 40 mA g⁻¹. In addition, they exhibited excellent rate capability, delivering a capacity of 281 mAh g⁻¹ at a high current density of 3000 mA g⁻¹ by the 40th cycle, along with remarkable long-term cycling stability over 2300 cycles, maintaining a stable capacity of 408 mAh g⁻¹. Furthermore, structural changes and surface evolution in the ZrS3 electrodes, observed under various electrochemical states through ex-situ characterization (XRD, SEM, SEM-EDX, cross section SEM, XPS and EIS), provided detailed insights into the electrochemical reaction processes. DFT calculations further elucidated the Li-ion diffusion pathways and energy barriers in both bulk and monolayer ZrS3, revealing intrinsic structural advantages that facilitate superior electrochemical performance. Our foundational study, combining detailed experimental analysis with theoretical insights, provides critical guidance for exploring electrochemical capabilities and rationally designing advanced Group IVB TMTC-based anode materials for alkali-ion batteries.","author":[{"family":"Wei","given":"Shuangying"},{"family":"Paušová","given":"Šárka"},{"family":"Bouzek","given":"Karel"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.15394794","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15394794","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.16746040","type":"article-journal","title":"Mechanistic Insights into Soft Shorts in All-Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries using a Three-Electrode and Pressure-Monitoring Cell","abstract":"All-solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs) promise high energy density and enhanced safety. Nevertheless, their performance is hindered by lithium dendrite growth at high current densities, which can induce internal short circuits with abrupt cell voltage drops. However, at intermediate current densities, \"soft shorts\", namely partial and transient internal shorts, are more prevalent and difficult to interpret. In such a case, the cell voltage does not collapse to zero but instead fluctuates dynamically and fails to increase further during charge. To elucidate the electro-chemo-mechanical mechanisms underlying this unusual behavior, we investigate the cycling of Li4Ti5O12 (LTO)|Li6PS5Cl (LPSC)|Li in a three-electrode cell configuration equipped with operando pressure monitoring. An in situ lithiated Au/W reference electrode enables independent tracking of the working and counter electrode potentials and their impedance evolution. During galvanostatic cycling, we observed the occurrence of a soft short followed by a partial voltage recovery, while simultaneous monitoring electrode potentials and real-time cell pressure. Correlating the pressure changes with the Faradaic currents reveals that, once a soft short forms, the actual electrochemical reactions deviate substantially from the externally applied current. Impedance analysis further indicates a marked reduction in ohmic resistance after dendritic bridging, confirming the establishment of electronic pathways across the solid electrolyte. Building on these insights, we propose an equivalent circuit model describing the dynamic evolution of soft shorts and introduce a two quantitative methods to estimate dendrite dimensions, found to range from 100 to 102 of nanometers.","author":[{"family":"Xu","given":"Linfeng"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Jinsong"},{"family":"El Kazzi","given":"Mario"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.16746040","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16746040","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.16746041","type":"article-journal","title":"Mechanistic Insights into Soft Shorts in All-Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries using a Three-Electrode and Pressure-Monitoring Cell","abstract":"All-solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs) promise high energy density and enhanced safety. Nevertheless, their performance is hindered by lithium dendrite growth at high current densities, which can induce internal short circuits with abrupt cell voltage drops. However, at intermediate current densities, \"soft shorts\", namely partial and transient internal shorts, are more prevalent and difficult to interpret. In such a case, the cell voltage does not collapse to zero but instead fluctuates dynamically and fails to increase further during charge. To elucidate the electro-chemo-mechanical mechanisms underlying this unusual behavior, we investigate the cycling of Li4Ti5O12 (LTO)|Li6PS5Cl (LPSC)|Li in a three-electrode cell configuration equipped with operando pressure monitoring. An in situ lithiated Au/W reference electrode enables independent tracking of the working and counter electrode potentials and their impedance evolution. During galvanostatic cycling, we observed the occurrence of a soft short followed by a partial voltage recovery, while simultaneous monitoring electrode potentials and real-time cell pressure. Correlating the pressure changes with the Faradaic currents reveals that, once a soft short forms, the actual electrochemical reactions deviate substantially from the externally applied current. Impedance analysis further indicates a marked reduction in ohmic resistance after dendritic bridging, confirming the establishment of electronic pathways across the solid electrolyte. Building on these insights, we propose an equivalent circuit model describing the dynamic evolution of soft shorts and introduce a two quantitative methods to estimate dendrite dimensions, found to range from 100 to 102 of nanometers.","author":[{"family":"Xu","given":"Linfeng"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Jinsong"},{"family":"El Kazzi","given":"Mario"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.16746041","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16746041","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.15389115","type":"article-journal","title":"Dataset of \"Quasi-1D Chain-Based Zirconium Trisulfide as a Low-Potential High-Rate Anode: Structural and Reaction Mechanism Insights\"","abstract":"Materials from the Group IVB transition metal trichalcogenides (TMTCs) family, such as zirconium trisulfide (ZrS3), have attracted significant attention for lithium-ion battery (LIB) applications due to their tunable band gaps, anisotropic conductivity, and high specific capacities. While several theoretical and experimental studies have focused on the synthesis and physicochemical properties of ZrS3, investigations into their lithium-ion storage properties have been limited. Herein, Micro-sized ZrS3 with a quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) layered structure prepared using a straightforward solid-state reaction, were synthesized and evaluated as anode materials for LIBs to understand their electrochemical reaction mechanisms and structural evolution. Galvanostatic charge/discharge and cyclic voltammetry tests at various discharge depths (1.0, 0.3, and 0.001 V) were performed to characterize the transition between intercalation and conversion reactions. After 40 cycles, the ZrS3 electrodes displayed a high discharge capacity of 844 mAh g⁻¹ at a current density of 40 mA g⁻¹. In addition, they exhibited excellent rate capability, delivering a capacity of 281 mAh g⁻¹ at a high current density of 3000 mA g⁻¹ by the 40th cycle, along with remarkable long-term cycling stability over 2300 cycles, maintaining a stable capacity of 408 mAh g⁻¹. Furthermore, structural changes and surface evolution in the ZrS3 electrodes, observed under various electrochemical states through ex-situ characterization (XRD, SEM, SEM-EDX, cross section SEM, XPS and EIS), provided detailed insights into the electrochemical reaction processes. DFT calculations further elucidated the Li-ion diffusion pathways and energy barriers in both bulk and monolayer ZrS3, revealing intrinsic structural advantages that facilitate superior electrochemical performance. Our foundational study, combining detailed experimental analysis with theoretical insights, provides critical guidance for exploring electrochemical capabilities and rationally designing advanced Group IVB TMTC-based anode materials for alkali-ion batteries.","author":[{"family":"Wei","given":"Shuangying"},{"family":"Paušová","given":"Šárka"},{"family":"Bouzek","given":"Karel"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.15389115","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15389115","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.15389116","type":"article-journal","title":"Dataset of \"Quasi-1D Chain-Based Zirconium Trisulfide as a Low-Potential High-Rate Anode: Structural and Reaction Mechanism Insights\"","abstract":"Materials from the Group IVB transition metal trichalcogenides (TMTCs) family, such as zirconium trisulfide (ZrS3), have attracted significant attention for lithium-ion battery (LIB) applications due to their tunable band gaps, anisotropic conductivity, and high specific capacities. While several theoretical and experimental studies have focused on the synthesis and physicochemical properties of ZrS3, investigations into their lithium-ion storage properties have been limited. Herein, Micro-sized ZrS3 with a quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) layered structure prepared using a straightforward solid-state reaction, were synthesized and evaluated as anode materials for LIBs to understand their electrochemical reaction mechanisms and structural evolution. Galvanostatic charge/discharge and cyclic voltammetry tests at various discharge depths (1.0, 0.3, and 0.001 V) were performed to characterize the transition between intercalation and conversion reactions. After 40 cycles, the ZrS3 electrodes displayed a high discharge capacity of 844 mAh g⁻¹ at a current density of 40 mA g⁻¹. In addition, they exhibited excellent rate capability, delivering a capacity of 281 mAh g⁻¹ at a high current density of 3000 mA g⁻¹ by the 40th cycle, along with remarkable long-term cycling stability over 2300 cycles, maintaining a stable capacity of 408 mAh g⁻¹. Furthermore, structural changes and surface evolution in the ZrS3 electrodes, observed under various electrochemical states through ex-situ characterization (XRD, SEM, SEM-EDX, cross section SEM, XPS and EIS), provided detailed insights into the electrochemical reaction processes. DFT calculations further elucidated the Li-ion diffusion pathways and energy barriers in both bulk and monolayer ZrS3, revealing intrinsic structural advantages that facilitate superior electrochemical performance. Our foundational study, combining detailed experimental analysis with theoretical insights, provides critical guidance for exploring electrochemical capabilities and rationally designing advanced Group IVB TMTC-based anode materials for alkali-ion batteries.","author":[{"family":"Wei","given":"Shuangying"},{"family":"Paušová","given":"Šárka"},{"family":"Bouzek","given":"Karel"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.15389116","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15389116","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.24406/publica-8619","type":"article-journal","title":"Fabrication of Thin Copper Anode Current Collectors on Ceramic Solid Electrolytes Using Atmospheric Plasma Spraying for Anode-Free Solid-State Batteries","abstract":"Metal anodes offer substantially higher specific and volumetric capacities than conventional anode materials such as graphite in lithium-ion batteries or hard carbon in sodium-ion batteries. However, the integration of metal anodes into solid-state batteries poses significant challenges, particularly with respect to processing, interfacial stability, and cell assembly. Anode-free solid-state batteries (AFSSBs) address these challenges by eliminating the pre-installed metal anode, instead forming the metal in situ during the initial charging (formation) step. In anode-free solid-state batteries, the quality of the interfacial contact is particularly critical, as insufficient contact can lead to locally increased current densities. Consequently, the initial metal plating during the formation step plays a decisive role in determining the homogeneity and stability of the anode interface. Furthermore, conventional battery-grade copper foils (~10 µm) are considerably thicker than required for the targeted C-rates and are difficult to use as stand-alone anode-free current collectors, thereby hindering the industrial production of anode-free solid-state batteries. In this publication, we demonstrate the application of atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) to fabricate thin copper current collectors directly on the ceramic solid electrolytes LAGP (lithium aluminium germanium phosphate) and BASE (beta-alumina solid electrolyte) with superior interface contact. No mechanical damage or diffusion of copper into the solid electrolyte nor formation of secondary phases at the interfaces were observed in SEM or EDS despite the elevated process temperature. LAGP with a thickness as low as 300 µm was successfully coated and subsequently used for plating/stripping experiments. Finally, dense sodium metal was plated at the copper-substrate interface of a 1.4 mm thick BASE sample.","author":[{"family":"Borchers","given":"Andre"},{"family":"Paschen","given":"Timo"},{"family":"Ockel","given":"Manuela"},{"family":"Vollnhals","given":"Florian"},{"family":"Dirksen","given":"Cornelius"},{"family":"Muckelbauer","given":"Martin"},{"family":"Uzakbaiuly","given":"Berik"},{"family":"Sarau","given":"George"},{"family":"Franke","given":"Jörg"},{"family":"Christiansen","given":"Silke"},{"family":"Unav"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.24406/publica-8619","URL":"https://doi.org/10.24406/publica-8619","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.24406/publica-7454","type":"article-journal","title":"Influence of Calendering on the Variation in Material Compositions of the Composite Cathode of Polymer‐Based Solid‐State Batteries","abstract":"High energy densities are vital to satisfy the increasing demand for battery storage systems for electric vehicles. One innovative battery type of the next generation is the solid‐state battery, which is characterized by the high expected energy density. The polymer‐based solid‐state battery is notable for its high machinability in production and, therefore, offers great potential for industrial scale. One component of the polymer‐based solid‐state battery is the composite cathode, which faces particular challenges in the individual production processes. The calendering process is essential, as it can increase the ionic conductivity through a reduction of the composite cathode porosity. For this reason, the calendering process for polymer‐based composite cathodes with different compositions of active material and solid electrolyte has been analyzed in depth in this work. This enabled extensive analysis of the calendering process with different material compositions of polymer‐based composite cathodes to provide a profound understanding of the causal‐effect relationships.","author":[{"family":"Dhom","given":"Jonas"},{"family":"Cordes","given":"Eric"},{"family":"Berger","given":"Christoph"},{"family":"Steinlehner","given":"Florian"},{"family":"Daub","given":"Rüdiger"},{"family":"Unav"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.24406/publica-7454","URL":"https://doi.org/10.24406/publica-7454","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21933661","type":"article-journal","title":"Spatio-Chemical Deconvolution of the LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2/Li6PS5Cl Interphase Layer in All-Solid-State Batteries Using Combined X‑ray Spectroscopic Methods","abstract":"Description: datasets corresponding to the article of the same name (ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2025 17 (9): 14645–14659). Abstract; The (electro)­chemical degradation at the interface between Li6PS5Cl (LPSC) and LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622) is systematically investigated using nondestructive synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray photoemission electron microscopy. These measurements were surface chemical depth profiling (from 2 to several hundred nanometers) and high-resolution elemental imaging of both LPSC and NCM622 particles. This analysis was complemented by galvanostatic cycling, impedance spectroscopy, and operando cell pressure characterization. Several correlations between interphase evolution and cell electrochemical performance are clarified, while some inconsistencies are rationalized and discussed. First, the intrinsic LPSC electrochemical oxidation mechanisms were studied using an LPSC:C65 working electrode (WE). The results showed that increased cell resistance during the first charge stemmed from polysulfide byproducts and particle contact loss due to LPSC volume shrinkage at the interface. Second, when using an NCM622:LPSC WE, species, such as SO32–, SO42–, and PO43–, were detected on both LPSC and NCM622 particles, while electrochemically inactive reduced transition metals were observed only at NCM622 surfaces. These species, initially present at open-circuit potential, increased after the first charge due to the chemical reactions between LPSC and NCM622 surface lattice oxygen. The estimated interphase thickness on the LPSC and NCM622 surfaces over the cycling remains below ∼3 nm. Our findings highlight that the formation of an electrochemically inactive NCM622 surface is a primary cause of impedance rise during the first charge, along with the formation of LPSC byproducts and contact loss. However, the continuous increase in cell resistance could not be attributed to further interphase growth after the first charge. We hypothesize that this may result from slow and progressive LPSC polymerization reactions (e.g., Li2P2S6 and P2S5) and structural changes at the NCM622 surface.","author":[{"family":"Lelotte","given":"Barthélémy"},{"family":"Vaz","given":"Carlos"},{"family":"Xu","given":"Linfeng"},{"family":"Borca","given":"Camelia"},{"family":"Huthwelker","given":"Thomas"},{"family":"Pelé","given":"Vincent"},{"family":"Jordy","given":"Christian"},{"family":"Gubler","given":"Lorenz"},{"family":"El Kazzi","given":"Mario"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21933661","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21933661","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21933662","type":"article-journal","title":"Spatio-Chemical Deconvolution of the LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2/Li6PS5Cl Interphase Layer in All-Solid-State Batteries Using Combined X‑ray Spectroscopic Methods","abstract":"Description: datasets corresponding to the article of the same name (ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2025 17 (9): 14645–14659). Abstract; The (electro)­chemical degradation at the interface between Li6PS5Cl (LPSC) and LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622) is systematically investigated using nondestructive synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray photoemission electron microscopy. These measurements were surface chemical depth profiling (from 2 to several hundred nanometers) and high-resolution elemental imaging of both LPSC and NCM622 particles. This analysis was complemented by galvanostatic cycling, impedance spectroscopy, and operando cell pressure characterization. Several correlations between interphase evolution and cell electrochemical performance are clarified, while some inconsistencies are rationalized and discussed. First, the intrinsic LPSC electrochemical oxidation mechanisms were studied using an LPSC:C65 working electrode (WE). The results showed that increased cell resistance during the first charge stemmed from polysulfide byproducts and particle contact loss due to LPSC volume shrinkage at the interface. Second, when using an NCM622:LPSC WE, species, such as SO32–, SO42–, and PO43–, were detected on both LPSC and NCM622 particles, while electrochemically inactive reduced transition metals were observed only at NCM622 surfaces. These species, initially present at open-circuit potential, increased after the first charge due to the chemical reactions between LPSC and NCM622 surface lattice oxygen. The estimated interphase thickness on the LPSC and NCM622 surfaces over the cycling remains below ∼3 nm. Our findings highlight that the formation of an electrochemically inactive NCM622 surface is a primary cause of impedance rise during the first charge, along with the formation of LPSC byproducts and contact loss. However, the continuous increase in cell resistance could not be attributed to further interphase growth after the first charge. We hypothesize that this may result from slow and progressive LPSC polymerization reactions (e.g., Li2P2S6 and P2S5) and structural changes at the NCM622 surface.","author":[{"family":"Lelotte","given":"Barthélémy"},{"family":"Vaz","given":"Carlos"},{"family":"Xu","given":"Linfeng"},{"family":"Borca","given":"Camelia"},{"family":"Huthwelker","given":"Thomas"},{"family":"Pelé","given":"Vincent"},{"family":"Jordy","given":"Christian"},{"family":"Gubler","given":"Lorenz"},{"family":"El Kazzi","given":"Mario"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21933662","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21933662","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19481887","type":"article-journal","title":"Overcoming Cathode Coating Inhomogeneity: The Role of LiF Interlayer in Enabling Conformal LiNbO3 Protection on LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 for All Solid-State Batteries","abstract":"Ni-rich cathode active materials (CAMs) paired with argyrodite solid electrolytes (SEs) such as Li6PS5Cl (LPSCl) are promising for high-energy density and inherently safer all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). However, severe (electro-)chemical incompatibilities at the CAM/SE interface lead to parasitic reactions and the formation of resistive interphases. These interfacial degradations impede lithium-ion transport, limit rate capability, and ultimately trigger capacity fading upon cycling. Therefore, developing a stable, ionically conductive, and chemically robust CAM/SE interface remains a critical challenge. In this work, we report an efficient dual-surface-coating strategy based on ultrathin LiF and LiNbO3 layers applied to LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) cathode particles. Surface fluorination via a controlled CHF3 gas-phase reaction converts adventitious Li2CO3 into a conformal LiF inner layer, while simultaneously promoting the formation of a uniform LiNbO3 outer coating. This synergistic LiF/LiNbO3 architecture effectively protects the CAM surface while facilitating fast interfacial lithium-ion transport. As a result, the modified NCM811 cathode exhibits markedly reduced interfacial resistance and significantly improved specific capacity at high current densities when coupled with LPSCl. Comprehensive structural, chemical, and electrochemical characterization provided in this study elucidates the pivotal role of a homogenous coating in stabilizing the CAM/SE interface, offering a viable pathway toward durable, high-performance Ni-rich ASSBs.","author":[{"family":"Ramasamy","given":"Hari"},{"family":"Wullich","given":"Robin"},{"family":"Lelotte","given":"Barthélémy"},{"family":"Müller","given":"Elisabeth"},{"family":"El Kazzi","given":"Mario"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19481887","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19481887","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19481888","type":"article-journal","title":"Overcoming Cathode Coating Inhomogeneity: The Role of LiF Interlayer in Enabling Conformal LiNbO3 Protection on LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 for All Solid-State Batteries","abstract":"Ni-rich cathode active materials (CAMs) paired with argyrodite solid electrolytes (SEs) such as Li6PS5Cl (LPSCl) are promising for high-energy density and inherently safer all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). However, severe (electro-)chemical incompatibilities at the CAM/SE interface lead to parasitic reactions and the formation of resistive interphases. These interfacial degradations impede lithium-ion transport, limit rate capability, and ultimately trigger capacity fading upon cycling. Therefore, developing a stable, ionically conductive, and chemically robust CAM/SE interface remains a critical challenge. In this work, we report an efficient dual-surface-coating strategy based on ultrathin LiF and LiNbO3 layers applied to LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) cathode particles. Surface fluorination via a controlled CHF3 gas-phase reaction converts adventitious Li2CO3 into a conformal LiF inner layer, while simultaneously promoting the formation of a uniform LiNbO3 outer coating. This synergistic LiF/LiNbO3 architecture effectively protects the CAM surface while facilitating fast interfacial lithium-ion transport. As a result, the modified NCM811 cathode exhibits markedly reduced interfacial resistance and significantly improved specific capacity at high current densities when coupled with LPSCl. Comprehensive structural, chemical, and electrochemical characterization provided in this study elucidates the pivotal role of a homogenous coating in stabilizing the CAM/SE interface, offering a viable pathway toward durable, high-performance Ni-rich ASSBs.","author":[{"family":"Ramasamy","given":"Hari"},{"family":"Wullich","given":"Robin"},{"family":"Lelotte","given":"Barthélémy"},{"family":"Müller","given":"Elisabeth"},{"family":"El Kazzi","given":"Mario"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19481888","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19481888","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.34961/19677","type":"article-journal","title":"Sustainable synthesis of a high-performing off-stoichiometric sodium iron sulfate/N-rGO composite cathode for sodium-ion batteries","abstract":"Sodium iron sulfate (Na2+2xFe2-x(SO4)3) is a polyanionic compound with a high operating potential (3.8 V vs Na/Na+) that is synthesised using abundant precursors. As a result, it is an attractive Na-ion cathode material, however, its poor electronic conductivity limits the capacity and stability during cycling. Herein, we report the synthesis of Na2.5Fe1.75(SO4)3/C45/N-doped reduced graphene oxide composite using solid-state and continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis methods. The coupling of both C45 and N-rGO creates a carbon matrix that surrounds the active material and offers increased surface contact with NFS and the conductive materials than observed with C45 alone. The NFS@C45/N-rGO cathode delivers discharge capacities of 98.9 mAh g−1 (at 10 mA g−1) and 79.9 mAh g−1 (at 320 mA g−1) respectively, with 85.3 % capacity retention at 10 mA g−1 over 250 cycles. Microstructural analysis confirms that the 2D N-rGO flakes form a continuous conductive scaffold around the active material, ensuring more uniform electronic pathways. This enhanced internal architecture leads directly to the superior capacity retention and lower impedance observed for the NFS@C45/N-rGO electrode during long-term cycling. This work demonstrates that high-performance NFS cathodes can be realised through fully sustainable synthesis routes, offering a viable pathway toward greener battery manufacturing.","author":[{"family":"Mulligan-Clarke","given":"Briana"},{"family":"Davids","given":"Conor"},{"family":"Mushtaq","given":"Misbah"},{"family":"Moraes Leite","given":"Marina"},{"family":"Geaney","given":"Hugh"},{"family":"Kellici","given":"Suela"},{"family":"Kennedy","given":"Tadhg"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.34961/19677","URL":"https://doi.org/10.34961/19677","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.24406/publica-9691","type":"article-journal","title":"Ventilation Effectiveness Measurements in Clean and Dry Rooms Based on Tracer Gas Techniques - A Preliminary Measurement Development","abstract":"Battery cell manufacturing is highly energy intensive, with clean and dry rooms being among the largest consumers of electricity and thermal energy. Due to the moisture sensitivity of most advanced cathode materials (e.g., NMC 811) and sulfide-based solid-state materials, production environments must operate at extremely low humidity, requiring energy-intensive HVAC systems to remove moisture introduced mainly by workers and infiltration. To reduce energy consumption, a detailed understanding of the airflow patterns in the room is essential. Because of complex flow patterns (exhaust air demands, energy dissipation), tracer gas techniques using CO2 as a marker provide an operation-integrated method for determining local air age. The studies presented in this paper apply tracer gas techniques for the first time to a room in which air is almost completely recirculated at high air change rates of approximately 27 h −1 , with the supply air being conditioned by removing all process-relevant contaminants such as moisture and particles. Measurements in a separate flow box show successful air age calculations that agree with simplified CFD simulations. For the clean and dry room, the empirical variable relative exposure (REX) was introduced. The measurements indicate an inhomogeneous air distribution inside the room, accompanied with short-circuit flows, partial displacement flow, and mixing, and therefore have the potential to provide a cost-effective first-hand insight into the prevailing airflow patterns. Nevertheless, the presented measurement technique must be further optimized and validated for rooms with air recirculation and high air change rates.","author":[{"family":"Leisner","given":"Simon"},{"family":"Zhou","given":"Xinyue"},{"family":"Li","given":"Ziyue"},{"family":"Kissling","given":"Marc"},{"family":"Auerswald","given":"Sven"},{"family":"Unav"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.24406/publica-9691","URL":"https://doi.org/10.24406/publica-9691","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5445/ir/1000192567","type":"article-journal","title":"Exploring the Environmental Sustainability of Primary Al–Air Batteries for Long‐Term Energy Storage Applications","abstract":"The transition toward a decarbonized energy system requires long-term energy storage (LTES) solutions capable of complementing hydrogen-based technologies. This study presents an exploratory life cycle assessment (LCA) of a primary aluminum–air battery (AAB) system as a prospective solid-state LTES option, benchmarked against gaseous hydrogen (GH2) with underground storage and liquid hydrogen (LH$_2$) with cryogenic tank. The AAB is evaluated under current and prospective aluminum production scenarios across different geographic contexts, and is benchmarked against alternatives using identical supply chain and use-phase assumptions. AAB system achieves round-trip efficiencies of 29–35%, exceeding GH$_2$ and LH$_2$ by at least 2% and 10%, respectively. Consequently, GH$_2$ outperforms AAB across all categories on a cradle-to-use basis only thanks to underground storage, while AAB showing competitive performance it performs better than LH$_2$ in global warming potential (GWP$_{100}$) impact category. The conducted uncertainty analysis reveals that AAB might outperform H$_2$ in GWP and eutrophication potential (freshwater) under favorable conditions. Overall, the findings highlight trade-offs realizing climate benefits while mitigating resource and ecosystem impacts. Advancing low-carbon smelting, material circularity, optimized logistics, and durable low-impact components will be essential for enabling AAB to serve as a sustainable complement or partial substitute for hydrogen-based LTES in future low-carbon energy systems.","author":[{"family":"Ersoy","given":"Hüseyin"},{"family":"Baumann","given":"Manuel"},{"family":"Jasper","given":"Friedrich"},{"family":"Wulf","given":"Christina"},{"family":"Weil","given":"Marcel"},{"family":"Ramos","given":"Tomás"},{"family":"Passerini","given":"Stefano"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5445/ir/1000192567","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000192567","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2607.28859","type":"manuscript","title":"Automating the analysis of micron-scale synchrotron diffraction data on inhomogeneous polycrystalline samples: a solid oxide electrolysis cell case study","abstract":"A novel approach to post mortem characterisation of electrochemical and photovoltaic devices is spatially-resolved diffraction using a hyper-focused, micron-width x-ray beam to examine the distribution of degradation products and strain, a technique called $μ$-XRD. Aside from the experimental difficulties associated with beam focusing and sample preparation, which are themselves non-trivial, the analysis of resulting data is complex and challenging, with full Rietveld analysis rarely attempted in literature. The difficulty lies in the size of the data, which may consist of hundreds or even thousands of diffraction patterns with very different crystallographic phase compositions depending on position within the device, and the difficulty in fitting the data due to the presence of many phases at the same position, including possible degradation products which may be difficult to index and assign to known phases. In this paper, we present a fully-automated open access Python routine for performing phase identification and Rietveld analysis on 2D datasets of diffraction pattern taken at micron-scale positions, measured over the cross-section of a chemically inhomogeneous device with polycrystalline phases. Solid oxide electrolyser cells are a promising technology for green hydrogen production which can utilise waste heat to split water at higher efficiencies than low-temperature electrolysis techniques such as polymer electrolyte membranes, but exhibit many degradation modes due to the high operating temperatures. We present a case study using our analysis protocol on an SOEC fragment encompassing the air electrode, cation diffusion barrier, electrolyte, and fuel electrode. With modification, this protocol could be applied to other devices such as all-solid-state batteries, wet-electrolyte battery electrodes, solid oxide fuel cells, photovoltaic devices, and metal-oxide pseudocapacitors.","author":[{"family":"Nagle-Cocco","given":"Liam"},{"family":"Crain","given":"Christopher"},{"family":"Dzara","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Kiefer","given":"Mathias"},{"family":"Port","given":"Madeline"},{"family":"Ulucan","given":"Tolga"},{"family":"Van Winkle","given":"Madeline"},{"family":"Hathaway","given":"Oscar"},{"family":"Strange","given":"Nicholas"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.48550/arxiv.2607.28859","URL":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.28859","source":"datacite"},{"id":"oa:W4360985669","type":"article-journal","title":"Sustainable hydrogen energy in aviation – A narrative review","abstract":"In the modern world, zero-carbon society has become a new buzzword of the era. Many projects have been initiated to develop alternatives not only to the environmental crisis but also to the shortage of fossil fuels. With successful projects in automobile technology, hydrogen fuel is now being tested and utilized as a sustainable green fuel in the aviation sector which will lead to zero carbon emission in the future. From the mid-20th century to the early 21st numerous countries and companies have funded multimillion projects to develop hydrogen-fueled aircraft. Empirical data show positive results for various projects. Consequently, large companies are investing in various innovations undertaken by researchers under their supervision. Over time, the efficiency of hydrogen-fueled aircraft has improved but the lack of refueling stations, large production cost, and consolidated carbon market share have impeded the path of hydrogen fuel being commercialized. In addition, the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is another important element of the Aviation industry, Hydrogen started to be commonly used as an alternative fuel for heavy-duty drones using fuel cell technology. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the chronological development of hydrogen-powered aircraft technology and potential aviation applications for hydrogen and fuel cell technology. Furthermore, the major barriers to widespread adoption of hydrogen technology in aviation are identified, as are future research opportunities.","author":[{"family":"Yusaf","given":"Talal"},{"family":"Mahamude","given":"Abu"},{"family":"Kadirgama","given":"K"},{"family":"Ramasamy","given":"D"},{"family":"Farhana","given":"Kaniz"},{"family":"Dhahad","given":"Hayder"},{"family":"Talib","given":"Abd"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.02.086","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.02.086","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W4365520170","type":"article-journal","title":"Socio-economic aspects of hydrogen energy: An integrative review","abstract":"Hydrogen can be recognized as the most plausible fuel for promoting a green environment. Worldwide, developed and developing countries have established their hydrogen research, investment, and policy frameworks. This analysis of 610 peer-reviewed journal articles from the last 50 years provides quantitative and impartial insight into the hydrogen economy. By 2030, academics and business professionals believe that hydrogen will complement other renewable energy (RE) sources in the energy revolution. This study conducts an integrative review by employing software such as Bibliometrix R-tool and VOSviewer on socio-economic consequences of hydrogen energy literature derived from the Scopus database. We observed that most research focuses on multidisciplinary concerns such as generation, storage, transportation, application, feasibility, and policy development. We also present the conceptual framework derived from in-depth literature analysis as well as the interlinkage of concepts, themes, and aggregate dimensions, to highlight research hotspots and emerging patterns. In the future, factors such as green hydrogen generation, hydrogen permeation and leakage management, efficient storage, risk assessment studies, blending, and techno-economic feasibility shall play a critical role in the socio-economic aspects of hydrogen energy research.","author":[{"family":"Sharma","given":"Gagan"},{"family":"Verma","given":"Mahesh"},{"family":"Taheri","given":"Babak"},{"family":"Chopra","given":"Ritika"},{"family":"Parihar","given":"Jaya"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122574","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122574","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W4386917125","type":"article-journal","title":"Solid-state batteries: The critical role of mechanics","abstract":"Solid-state batteries with lithium metal anodes have the potential for higher energy density, longer lifetime, wider operating temperature, and increased safety. Although the bulk of the research has focused on improving transport kinetics and electrochemical stability of the materials and interfaces, there are also critical challenges that require investigation of the mechanics of materials. In batteries with solid-solid interfaces, mechanical contacts, and the development of stresses during operation of the solid-state batteries, become as critical as the electrochemical stability to keep steady charge transfer at these interfaces. This review will focus on stress and strain that result from normal and extended battery cycling and the associated mechanisms for stress relief, some of which lead to failure of these batteries.","author":[{"family":"Kalnaus","given":"Sergiy"},{"family":"Dudney","given":"Nancy"},{"family":"Westover","given":"Andrew"},{"family":"Herbert","given":"Erik"},{"family":"Hackney","given":"Steve"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.1126/science.abg5998","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abg5998","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W4387520111","type":"article-journal","title":"A Roadmap for Solid‐State Batteries","abstract":"Abstract Solid‐state batteries are considered as a reasonable further development of lithium‐ion batteries with liquid electrolytes. While expectations are high, there are still open questions concerning the choice of materials, and the resulting concepts for components and full cells. On the basis of an analysis of all materials and concept options, a roadmap for solid‐state batteries is presented, relying on both literature survey and experts' opinions. Diverse cell concepts with different solid electrolytes may be developed up to the commercial level, yet there are still major uncertainties concerning production routes, safety as well as cost. As one of the key developments, it appears that hybrid material and cell concepts may be particularly successful on the way to commercialization.","author":[{"family":"Schmaltz","given":"Thomas"},{"family":"Hartmann","given":"Felix"},{"family":"Wicke","given":"Tim"},{"family":"Weymann","given":"Lukas"},{"family":"Neef","given":"Christoph"},{"family":"Janek","given":"Jürgen"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.1002/aenm.202301886","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202301886","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W4391262793","type":"article-journal","title":"Chemo-mechanical failure mechanisms of the silicon anode in solid-state batteries","abstract":"Abstract Silicon is a promising anode material due to its high theoretical specific capacity, low lithiation potential and low lithium dendrite risk. Yet, the electrochemical performance of silicon anodes in solid-state batteries is still poor (for example, low actual specific capacity and fast capacity decay), hindering practical applications. Here the chemo-mechanical failure mechanisms of composite Si/Li 6 PS 5 Cl and solid-electrolyte-free silicon anodes are revealed by combining structural and chemical characterizations with theoretical simulations. The growth of the solid electrolyte interphase at the Si|Li 6 PS 5 Cl interface causes severe resistance increase in composite anodes, explaining their fast capacity decay. Solid-electrolyte-free silicon anodes show sufficient ionic and electronic conductivities, enabling a high specific capacity. However, microscale void formation during delithiation causes larger mechanical stress at the two-dimensional interfaces of these anodes than in composite anodes. Understanding these chemo-mechanical failure mechanisms of different anode architectures and the role of interphase formation helps to provide guidelines for the design of improved electrode materials.","author":[{"family":"Huo","given":"Hanyu"},{"family":"Jiang","given":"Ming"},{"family":"Bai","given":"Yang"},{"family":"Ahmed","given":"Shamail"},{"family":"Volz","given":"Kerstin"},{"family":"Hartmann","given":"Hannah"},{"family":"Henß","given":"Anja"},{"family":"Singh","given":"Chandra"},{"family":"Raabe","given":"Dierk"},{"family":"Janek","given":"Jürgen"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.1038/s41563-023-01792-x","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-023-01792-x","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W4318823140","type":"article-journal","title":"Renewable Energy and Energy Storage Systems","abstract":"The use of fossil fuels has contributed to climate change and global warming, which has led to a growing need for renewable and ecologically friendly alternatives to these. It is accepted that renewable energy sources are the ideal option to substitute fossil fuels in the near future. Significant progress has been made to produce renewable energy sources with acceptable prices at a commercial scale, such as solar, wind, and biomass energies. This success has been due to technological advances that can use renewable energy sources effectively at lower prices. More work is needed to maximize the capacity of renewable energy sources with a focus on their dispatchability, where the function of storage is considered crucial. Furthermore, hybrid renewable energy systems are needed with good energy management to balance the various renewable energy sources’ production/consumption/storage. This work covers the progress done in the main renewable energy sources at a commercial scale, including solar, wind, biomass, and hybrid renewable energy sources. Moreover, energy management between the various renewable energy sources and storage systems is discussed. Finally, this work discusses the recent progress in green hydrogen production and fuel cells that could pave the way for commercial usage of renewable energy in a wide range of applications.","author":[{"family":"Sayed","given":"Enas"},{"family":"Olabi","given":"AG"},{"family":"Alami","given":"Abdul"},{"family":"Radwan","given":"Ali"},{"family":"Mdallal","given":"Ayman"},{"family":"Rezk","given":"Ahmed"},{"family":"Abdelkareem","given":"Mohammad"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.3390/en16031415","URL":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en16031415","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W4317387800","type":"article-journal","title":"Lithium Batteries and the Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI)—Progress and Outlook","abstract":"Abstract Interfacial dynamics within chemical systems such as electron and ion transport processes have relevance in the rational optimization of electrochemical energy storage materials and devices. Evolving the understanding of fundamental electrochemistry at interfaces would also help in the understanding of relevant phenomena in biological, microbial, pharmaceutical, electronic, and photonic systems. In lithium‐ion batteries, the electrochemical instability of the electrolyte and its ensuing reactive decomposition proceeds at the anode surface within the Helmholtz double layer resulting in a buildup of the reductive products, forming the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). This review summarizes relevant aspects of the SEI including formation, composition, dynamic structure, and reaction mechanisms, focusing primarily on the graphite anode with insights into the lithium metal anode. Furthermore, the influence of the electrolyte and electrode materials on SEI structure and properties is discussed. An update is also presented on state‐of‐the‐art approaches to quantitatively characterize the structure and changing properties of the SEI. Lastly, a framework evaluating the standing problems and future research directions including feasible computational, machine learning, and experimental approaches are outlined.","author":[{"family":"Adenusi","given":"Henry"},{"family":"Chass","given":"Gregory"},{"family":"Passerini","given":"Stefano"},{"family":"Tian","given":"Kun"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Guanhua"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.1002/aenm.202203307","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202203307","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W4378530152","type":"article-journal","title":"Grid-connected battery energy storage system: a review on application and integration","abstract":"Battery energy storage system (BESS) has been applied extensively to provide grid services such as frequency regulation, voltage support, energy arbitrage, etc. Advanced control and optimization algorithms are implemented to meet operational requirements and to preserve battery lifetime. While fundamental research has improved the understanding of battery characteristics, a lack of insights into BESS applications and low data transparency limit the understanding of battery usage. This work reviews recent advancements in BESS grid services, with a focus on use cases and synergies with other components. After reviewing the parameters to describe the hardware features, a quantitative framework is proposed to assess the usage pattern of BESS applications in long term, which is further implemented for an overview of the BESS duty profiles in grid applications. Specifically, the frequency regulation service is emphasized, and the cross-cutting integrations with energy storage, energy production, and energy consumption components are summarized. Additionally, an elaborate survey of BESS grid applications in the recent 10 years is used to evaluate the advancement of the state of charge, state of health, and technical and economic research. With a comprehensive review of the BESS grid application and integration, this work introduces a new perspective on analyzing the duty cycle of BESS applications, which enhances communication of BESS operations and connects with technical and economic operations, including battery usage optimization and degradation research. It provides an overview of the BESS use cases in grid applications and paves the way for further application-oriented battery research.","author":[{"family":"Zhao","given":"Chunyang"},{"family":"Andersen","given":"Peter"},{"family":"Træholt","given":"Chresten"},{"family":"Hashemi","given":"Seyedmostafa"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.rser.2023.113400","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2023.113400","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W4400854918","type":"article-journal","title":"Advancements in hybrid energy storage systems for enhancing renewable energy-to-grid integration","abstract":"Abstract The global energy sector is currently undergoing a transformative shift mainly driven by the ongoing and increasing demand for clean, sustainable, and reliable energy solutions. However, integrating renewable energy sources (RES), such as wind, solar, and hydropower, introduces major challenges due to the intermittent and variable nature of RES, affecting grid stability and reliability. Hybrid energy storage systems (HESS), which combine multiple energy storage devices (ESDs), present a promising solution by leveraging the complementary strengths of each technology involved. This comprehensive review examines recent advancements in grid-connected HESS, focusing on their components, design considerations, control strategies, and applications. It provides a detailed analysis of technological progress in various ESDs and the critical role of power conversion, control, energy management, and cooling systems in optimizing HESS performance. Highlighting case studies of some notable and successful HESS implementations across the globe, we illustrate practical applications and identify the benefits and challenges encountered. By addressing these challenges, HESS can significantly enhance the efficiency and reliability of RES, supporting the shift towards a sustainable and resilient energy infrastructure. The paper concludes by identifying future research directions, highlighting the development of intelligent control systems, sustainable materials, and efficient recycling processes to ensure the widespread adoption and long-term viability of HESS.","author":[{"family":"Adeyinka","given":"Adekanmi"},{"family":"Esan","given":"Oladapo"},{"family":"Ijaola","given":"Ahmed"},{"family":"Farayibi","given":"Peter"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.1186/s40807-024-00120-4","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40807-024-00120-4","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W4394728226","type":"article-journal","title":"Improved charge extraction in inverted perovskite solar cells with dual-site-binding ligands","abstract":"Inverted (pin) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) afford improved operating stability in comparison to their nip counterparts but have lagged in power conversion efficiency (PCE). The energetic losses responsible for this PCE deficit in pin PSCs occur primarily at the interfaces between the perovskite and the charge-transport layers. Additive and surface treatments that use passivating ligands usually bind to a single active binding site: This dense packing of electrically resistive passivants perpendicular to the surface may limit the fill factor in pin PSCs. We identified ligands that bind two neighboring lead(II) ion (Pb 2+ ) defect sites in a planar ligand orientation on the perovskite. We fabricated pin PSCs and report a certified quasi–steady state PCE of 26.15 and 24.74% for 0.05– and 1.04–square centimeter illuminated areas, respectively. The devices retain 95% of their initial PCE after 1200 hours of continuous 1 sun maximum power point operation at 65°C.","author":[{"family":"Chen","given":"Hao"},{"family":"Liu","given":"Cheng"},{"family":"Xu","given":"Jian"},{"family":"Maxwell","given":"Aidan"},{"family":"Zhou","given":"Wei"},{"family":"Yang","given":"Yi"},{"family":"Zhou","given":"Qi‐lin"},{"family":"Bati","given":"Abdulaziz"},{"family":"Wan","given":"Haoyue"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Zaiwei"},{"family":"Zeng","given":"Lewei"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Junke"},{"family":"Serles","given":"Peter"},{"family":"Liu","given":"Yuan"},{"family":"Teale","given":"Sam"},{"family":"Liu","given":"Yanjiang"},{"family":"Saidaminov","given":"Makhsud"},{"family":"Li","given":"Muzhi"},{"family":"Rolston","given":"Nicholas"},{"family":"Hoogland","given":"Sjoerd"},{"family":"Filleter","given":"Tobin"},{"family":"Kanatzidis","given":"Mercouri"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Bin"},{"family":"Ning","given":"Zhijun"},{"family":"Sargent","given":"Edward"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.1126/science.adm9474","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adm9474","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W4367173694","type":"article-journal","title":"Minimizing buried interfacial defects for efficient inverted perovskite solar cells","abstract":"Controlling the perovskite morphology and defects at the buried perovskite-substrate interface is challenging for inverted perovskite solar cells. In this work, we report an amphiphilic molecular hole transporter, (2-(4-(bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amino)phenyl)-1-cyanovinyl)phosphonic acid, that features a multifunctional cyanovinyl phosphonic acid group and forms a superwetting underlayer for perovskite deposition, which enables high-quality perovskite films with minimized defects at the buried interface. The resulting perovskite film has a photoluminescence quantum yield of 17% and a Shockley-Read-Hall lifetime of nearly 7 microseconds and achieved a certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.4% with an open-circuit voltage of 1.21 volts and a fill factor of 84.7%. In addition, 1-square centimeter cells and 10-square centimeter minimodules show PCEs of 23.4 and 22.0%, respectively. Encapsulated modules exhibited high stability under both operational and damp heat test conditions.","author":[{"family":"Zhang","given":"Shuo"},{"family":"Ye","given":"Fangyuan"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Xiaoyu"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Rui"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Huidong"},{"family":"Zhan","given":"Liqing"},{"family":"Jiang","given":"Xianyuan"},{"family":"Li","given":"Yawen"},{"family":"Ji","given":"Xiaoyu"},{"family":"Liu","given":"Shuaijun"},{"family":"Yu","given":"Miaojie"},{"family":"Yu","given":"Furong"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Yilin"},{"family":"Wu","given":"Ruihan"},{"family":"Liu","given":"Zonghao"},{"family":"Ning","given":"Zhijun"},{"family":"Neher","given":"Dieter"},{"family":"Han","given":"Liyuan"},{"family":"Lin","given":"Yuze"},{"family":"Tian","given":"He"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Wei"},{"family":"Stolterfoht","given":"Martin"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Lijun"},{"family":"Zhu","given":"Weihong"},{"family":"Wu","given":"Yongzhen"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.1126/science.adg3755","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg3755","source":"openalex"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21554062","type":"article-journal","title":"Analysis of Hybrid-Based Grid Integration for Vehicle-To-Grid-Based Energy Management","abstract":"The main objective of this paper is energy management between Electric Vehicle to grid system for Hybrid integration. In recent years, the scale of global renewable energy power, especially for wind power, has rapidly expanded under the background of ecological deterioration and the lack of fossil energy. However, the randomness, intermittent and uncertainty seriously affects the reliability of the power system and causes a great deal of problems when connected to the power grid. So, grid-connected power is required to be within certain limits to ensure the safety and stability of the power system. And it has become a great challenge to improve the penetration rate of Hybrid power generation in the power system. An approach to smoothing the fluctuations of large-scale wind power is investigated using vehicle-to-grid (V2G) systems. In order to reduce the investment costs of energy storage, electric vehicles (EVs), as energy storage components, are gradually being considered to replace battery cells. And its operability is becoming more and more satisfactory with the increasing number of EVs. Therefore, to overcome the fluctuations in the voltage and manage the energy instantly in this paper an energy management and optimization system is designed and modeled. The performance results of electric vehicles, grid and load with different characteristics waveforms of voltage, current and power waveforms can be evaluated by using MATLAB/SIMULINK 2018a Software.","author":[{"family":"Srikanth","given":"T"},{"family":"Jyothy","given":"KR"},{"family":"Lakshmi","given":"RJ"},{"family":"Sreekanth","given":"G"},{"family":"Raj","given":"MP"},{"family":"Chanukya","given":"D"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21554062","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21554062","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21554063","type":"article-journal","title":"Analysis of Hybrid-Based Grid Integration for Vehicle-To-Grid-Based Energy Management","abstract":"The main objective of this paper is energy management between Electric Vehicle to grid system for Hybrid integration. In recent years, the scale of global renewable energy power, especially for wind power, has rapidly expanded under the background of ecological deterioration and the lack of fossil energy. However, the randomness, intermittent and uncertainty seriously affects the reliability of the power system and causes a great deal of problems when connected to the power grid. So, grid-connected power is required to be within certain limits to ensure the safety and stability of the power system. And it has become a great challenge to improve the penetration rate of Hybrid power generation in the power system. An approach to smoothing the fluctuations of large-scale wind power is investigated using vehicle-to-grid (V2G) systems. In order to reduce the investment costs of energy storage, electric vehicles (EVs), as energy storage components, are gradually being considered to replace battery cells. And its operability is becoming more and more satisfactory with the increasing number of EVs. Therefore, to overcome the fluctuations in the voltage and manage the energy instantly in this paper an energy management and optimization system is designed and modeled. The performance results of electric vehicles, grid and load with different characteristics waveforms of voltage, current and power waveforms can be evaluated by using MATLAB/SIMULINK 2018a Software.","author":[{"family":"Srikanth","given":"T"},{"family":"Jyothy","given":"KR"},{"family":"Lakshmi","given":"RJ"},{"family":"Sreekanth","given":"G"},{"family":"Raj","given":"MP"},{"family":"Chanukya","given":"D"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21554063","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21554063","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.7964287","type":"article-journal","title":"A Tagged Traffic Accident Dataset for Machine Learning","abstract":"This dataset contains tagged accident data and is provided for reproducibility for our journal paper Pablo Moriano, Andreas Berres, Haowen Xu, Jibonananda Sanyal. “Spatiotemporal Features of Traffic Help Reduce Automatic Accident Detection Time.” Expert Systems with Applications 244 (2024): 122813. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2023.122813 The accompanying Data in Brief publication discusses the methodology behind the creation of these data. Berres, Andreas, Pablo Moriano, Haowen Xu, Sarah Tennille, Lee Smith, Jonathan Storey, and Jibonananda Sanyal. \"A Traffic Accident Dataset for Chattanooga, Tennessee.\" Data in Brief (2024): 110675. The zip folder annotatedData.zip contains two subfolders: allData and bestData. The bestData folder contains all data for which a full neighborhood of five sensors upstream and five sensors downstream is available, whereas allData includes everything from bestData as well as data with a smaller number of neighboring sensors. Each folder contains one subfolder called accidents and one subfolder called non-accidents. The accidents folder contains one file per accident. The non-accidents folder contains files for the same location, day of the week and time as a corresponding accident, for each week during which there was no accident impact on the traffic. The file names in both folders are formatted as follows: yyyy-mm-dd-hhmm-rrrrrXaaa.a.csv, consisting of date (yyyy-mm-dd), time (hhmm in 24-hour format), and sensor name (rrrrrXaaa.a), which consists of road name (rrrrr; 5 alphanumerical characters), heading (X), and mile marker (aaa.a). For example, the file 2020-11-03-1611-00I24W182.8.csv contains data for an accident which occurred at 4:11 p.m. on November 3, 2020 on I-24 Westbound near the radar sensor at mile marker 182.8. The content of each CSV file is a timeseries of radar data beginning 15 minutes prior to the reported incident and ending 15 minutes after the reported incident. It also contains metadata, such as the accident type, etc. Each CSV file contains the following columns: incident at sensor(i): 1 for yes (accidents folder), 0 for no (non-accidents folder) road: road name with heading, e.g. 00I24E mile: mile marker of nearest radar sensor, e.g. 182.8 type: accident type, e.g. “Prop Damage (over)” for property damage exceeding a certain threshold. For non-accidents, the type is given as “None”. date: date of the data sample. For accidents, this is the date on which the accident occurred. For non-accidents, this is the date for which the non-accident data sample is collected. incident_time: time the reference accident was reported in hh:mm. This is the time which is provided in E-TRIMS as the time the 911 call was made. incident_hour: just the hour from the incident_time, in integer format. data_time: timestamp for the timeseries contained in the file in hh:mm:ss format. The timeseries consists of 30 second timesteps. weather: weather during data_time, based on data collected from NASA POWER. We used dry bulb temperature (°C), precipitation (mm/h), and wind speed (m/s) from the raw NASA POWER data to produce the classifications of rain (at least 1mm precipitation and temperatures above 2°C), snow (at least 1mm precipitation and temperatures at or below 2°C), and wind (wind speeds over 30 mph or 13.5 m/s). If there were no inclement weather conditions, we set the category to “--\". light: light conditions during data_time. To produce this field, we collected sunrise, sunset, civil twilight start and civil twilight end times from https://sunrise-sunset.org, and derived the categories dawn, daylight, dusk, and dark using these start and end times. The last 33 columns contain radar data for the 11 sensors surrounding the accident or non-accident. For each sensor, we collected speed (mean over 30-second interval in miles per hour, or empty if no vehicles passed), volume (count of all vehicles passing during 30-second interval), and occupancy (mean % of occupancy over 30-second interval).","author":[{"family":"Berres","given":"Andreas"},{"family":"Moriano","given":"Pablo"},{"family":"Xu","given":"Haowen"},{"family":"Tennille","given":"Sarah"},{"family":"Smith","given":"Lee"},{"family":"Storey","given":"Jonathan"},{"family":"Sanyal","given":"Jibonananda"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.7964287","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7964287","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.7964288","type":"article-journal","title":"A Tagged Traffic Accident Dataset for Machine Learning","abstract":"This dataset contains tagged accident data and is provided for reproducibility for our journal paper Pablo Moriano, Andreas Berres, Haowen Xu, Jibonananda Sanyal. “Spatiotemporal Features of Traffic Help Reduce Automatic Accident Detection Time.” Expert Systems with Applications 244 (2024): 122813. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2023.122813 The accompanying Data in Brief publication discusses the methodology behind the creation of these data. Berres, Andreas, Pablo Moriano, Haowen Xu, Sarah Tennille, Lee Smith, Jonathan Storey, and Jibonananda Sanyal. \"A Traffic Accident Dataset for Chattanooga, Tennessee.\" Data in Brief (2024): 110675. The zip folder annotatedData.zip contains two subfolders: allData and bestData. The bestData folder contains all data for which a full neighborhood of five sensors upstream and five sensors downstream is available, whereas allData includes everything from bestData as well as data with a smaller number of neighboring sensors. Each folder contains one subfolder called accidents and one subfolder called non-accidents. The accidents folder contains one file per accident. The non-accidents folder contains files for the same location, day of the week and time as a corresponding accident, for each week during which there was no accident impact on the traffic. The file names in both folders are formatted as follows: yyyy-mm-dd-hhmm-rrrrrXaaa.a.csv, consisting of date (yyyy-mm-dd), time (hhmm in 24-hour format), and sensor name (rrrrrXaaa.a), which consists of road name (rrrrr; 5 alphanumerical characters), heading (X), and mile marker (aaa.a). For example, the file 2020-11-03-1611-00I24W182.8.csv contains data for an accident which occurred at 4:11 p.m. on November 3, 2020 on I-24 Westbound near the radar sensor at mile marker 182.8. The content of each CSV file is a timeseries of radar data beginning 15 minutes prior to the reported incident and ending 15 minutes after the reported incident. It also contains metadata, such as the accident type, etc. Each CSV file contains the following columns: incident at sensor(i): 1 for yes (accidents folder), 0 for no (non-accidents folder) road: road name with heading, e.g. 00I24E mile: mile marker of nearest radar sensor, e.g. 182.8 type: accident type, e.g. “Prop Damage (over)” for property damage exceeding a certain threshold. For non-accidents, the type is given as “None”. date: date of the data sample. For accidents, this is the date on which the accident occurred. For non-accidents, this is the date for which the non-accident data sample is collected. incident_time: time the reference accident was reported in hh:mm. This is the time which is provided in E-TRIMS as the time the 911 call was made. incident_hour: just the hour from the incident_time, in integer format. data_time: timestamp for the timeseries contained in the file in hh:mm:ss format. The timeseries consists of 30 second timesteps. weather: weather during data_time, based on data collected from NASA POWER. We used dry bulb temperature (°C), precipitation (mm/h), and wind speed (m/s) from the raw NASA POWER data to produce the classifications of rain (at least 1mm precipitation and temperatures above 2°C), snow (at least 1mm precipitation and temperatures at or below 2°C), and wind (wind speeds over 30 mph or 13.5 m/s). If there were no inclement weather conditions, we set the category to “--\". light: light conditions during data_time. To produce this field, we collected sunrise, sunset, civil twilight start and civil twilight end times from https://sunrise-sunset.org, and derived the categories dawn, daylight, dusk, and dark using these start and end times. The last 33 columns contain radar data for the 11 sensors surrounding the accident or non-accident. For each sensor, we collected speed (mean over 30-second interval in miles per hour, or empty if no vehicles passed), volume (count of all vehicles passing during 30-second interval), and occupancy (mean % of occupancy over 30-second interval).","author":[{"family":"Berres","given":"Andreas"},{"family":"Moriano","given":"Pablo"},{"family":"Xu","given":"Haowen"},{"family":"Tennille","given":"Sarah"},{"family":"Smith","given":"Lee"},{"family":"Storey","given":"Jonathan"},{"family":"Sanyal","given":"Jibonananda"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.7964288","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7964288","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21581899","type":"article-journal","title":"Design and Fabrication of Solar Powered Three Ways Grass Cutter","abstract":"The grass is mowed uniformly using a solar-powered grass cutter. Future power usage will be substantial. With it, lawns at parks, colleges, schools, and other locations are maintained and taken care of. The highly fine and uniform surface appearance of the lawn is easily operated and maintained by untrained individuals. Modern grass-cutting equipment is becoming increasingly widespread. Our daily lives show us how man-made pollution works. Older lawn cutter models had IC engines, which were bad for the environment and increased pollutants. An IC engine-driven cutter is more expensive. Such commonplace machinery needs considerable upkeep. We plan to develop a new type of solar-powered lawn cutter that is more affordable than the one now in use to get past these problems. Solar energy is the term used to describe the heat and light radiations that we receive from the sun. It is among the most widely used and diverse non-conventional renewable energy sources available on a global scale. It is devoid of contaminants, enters the market right away, and has no value. The use of equipment like star panels, which are constructed of electrical phenomenon cells, to produce electricity and power from solar energy. This year, solar system has drawn more attention because of its advantages over other renewable energy sources. The demand for and requests for green energy technology derived from renewable energy sources are increasing. The Solar Grass Cutter is a mechanical device that cuts grass with the usage of electricity. Its body is first constructed from PVC pipe, square shape plywood and caster wheels are then positioned under the body of the square plywood. Then, an inclined fibre plate is set on a body with a solar panel attached to it. That transmits solar energy, which is changed into electrical energy, which is changed into mechanical energy at the end of electric motor shaft, which contain the blade setup to cut the grass.","author":[{"family":"Nagarajan","given":"V"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21581899","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21581899","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21581900","type":"article-journal","title":"Design and Fabrication of Solar Powered Three Ways Grass Cutter","abstract":"The grass is mowed uniformly using a solar-powered grass cutter. Future power usage will be substantial. With it, lawns at parks, colleges, schools, and other locations are maintained and taken care of. The highly fine and uniform surface appearance of the lawn is easily operated and maintained by untrained individuals. Modern grass-cutting equipment is becoming increasingly widespread. Our daily lives show us how man-made pollution works. Older lawn cutter models had IC engines, which were bad for the environment and increased pollutants. An IC engine-driven cutter is more expensive. Such commonplace machinery needs considerable upkeep. We plan to develop a new type of solar-powered lawn cutter that is more affordable than the one now in use to get past these problems. Solar energy is the term used to describe the heat and light radiations that we receive from the sun. It is among the most widely used and diverse non-conventional renewable energy sources available on a global scale. It is devoid of contaminants, enters the market right away, and has no value. The use of equipment like star panels, which are constructed of electrical phenomenon cells, to produce electricity and power from solar energy. This year, solar system has drawn more attention because of its advantages over other renewable energy sources. The demand for and requests for green energy technology derived from renewable energy sources are increasing. The Solar Grass Cutter is a mechanical device that cuts grass with the usage of electricity. Its body is first constructed from PVC pipe, square shape plywood and caster wheels are then positioned under the body of the square plywood. Then, an inclined fibre plate is set on a body with a solar panel attached to it. That transmits solar energy, which is changed into electrical energy, which is changed into mechanical energy at the end of electric motor shaft, which contain the blade setup to cut the grass.","author":[{"family":"Nagarajan","given":"V"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21581900","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21581900","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5880/pik.2023.006","type":"article-journal","title":"Interactive webapp for techno-economic analysis of the cost competitiveness of blue and green hydrogen","abstract":"This interactive webapp can be used to reproduce figures from an accompanying article by the same authors that studies the cost competitiveness of blue and green hydrogen. Some of the key assumptions (e.g. methane leakage, electricity prices, electrolyser CAPEX, gas prices) can be changed here when generating the figures. We employ techno-economic and life-cycle assessments to compute the levelised costs and greenhouse-gas intensities of competing production technologies for blue (from natural gas with CCS) and green (from renewable electricity via electrolysis) hydrogen. This allows us to determine fuel-switching CO2 prices (FSCPs), defined by the carbon price at which fuels with lower emissions become cost competitive with fuels with higher emissions. Using these metrics, the presented figures compare the cost, greenhouse-gas intensities, and resulting FSCPs of competing fuels and technologies over the studied time range (2025 to 2050). These figures allow us to study whether and when green hydrogen becomes cost competitive with blue hydrogen. Our results demonstrate that the long-term competitiveness of blue hydrogen and its viability as a bridging option crucially depend on natural-gas prices and on residual emissions (non-captured CO2, upstream supply-chain CH4 and CO2). For more advanced changes and detailed information on the input data and methodology, we encourage users to inspect the article, its supplement, and the source code written in Python.","author":[{"family":"Verpoort","given":"Philipp"},{"family":"Ueckerdt","given":"Falko"},{"family":"Anantharaman","given":"Rahul"},{"family":"Bauer","given":"Christian"},{"family":"Beck","given":"Fiona"},{"family":"Longden","given":"Thomas"},{"family":"Roussanaly","given":"Simon"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.5880/pik.2023.006","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5880/pik.2023.006","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.21256/zhaw-32032","type":"article-journal","title":"Mitigating risks and breaking barriers, energy supply contracting in multifamily houses : an ecosystem perspective","abstract":"Introduction: In Switzerland, heating accounts for 70% of a building’s energy consumption, mostly fueled by fossil sources. Recently, cantonal regulations have mandated the use of renewable energy in heating, making heat pumps more significant. This study examines how public and private actors can create or transform a business ecosystem to facilitate heat pump adoption in multi-family houses and which business models, resources, and activities are most effective to support this transformation. Methods: We conducted a literature review and 13 semi-structured interviews with experts in heat pumps and contracting business models. The interviews were analyzed using an ecosystem framework. Results: Our findings revealed three primary barriers to the adoption of heat pumps in MFHs: technical challenges, lack of expertise, and regulatory issues. In terms of contracting business models, high transaction costs and customer acceptance are significant obstacles. Additionally, we discovered that in Switzerland, contracting is predominantly offered by public-oriented organizations with ready access to capital. Discussion: The study emphasizes the necessity for collaboration among various actors to facilitate the implementation of contracting solutions with the goal of accelerating the adoption of heat pumps in multifamily housing. Key activities include generating the necessary expertise and standardizing large heat pumps in MFHs, central government efforts to harmonize and facilitate HP regulations across cantons, as well as active communication and sensitization of building owners and users.","author":[{"family":"Zapata Riveros","given":"Juliana"},{"family":"Gallati","given":"Justus"},{"family":"Ulli-Beer","given":"Silvia"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.21256/zhaw-32032","URL":"https://doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-32032","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.34657/13586","type":"article-journal","title":"Vacancy diffusion and its consequences for void growth at the interface of a stripping metal electrode and solid electrolyte","abstract":"It is commonly observed that voids can nucleate and grow in the lithium anode of a solid state Li-ion battery at a location adjacent to the solid electrolyte during the stripping (discharge) phase of the battery; a similar phenomenon is observed in sodium-based batteries. It is hypothesised in the current literature that the formation of these voids is due to the coalescence of vacancies that have been generated at the electrode/electrolyte interface when metal atoms are oxidized and transported into the electrolyte: the slow diffusion of the vacancies away from the electrolyte interface into the adjacent electrode results in their coalescence and the consequent growth of voids. These hypotheses are challenged in the current study by using the Onsager formalism to generate a variational principle for vacancy diffusion. Our analysis reveals that no driving force exists for the diffusion of vacancies into a homogeneous metal electrode that thins by stripping. This finding is contrary to models in the literature which have mistakenly assumed that the vanishing flux at the current collector prevents rigid body motion (drift) of the electrode which in turn prevents thinning of the electrode during stripping. Based on our analysis, we conclude that vacancy diffusion within a homogeneous electrode is not responsible for the nucleation and growth of voids at the interface between a stripping metal electrode and a solid electrolyte.","author":[{"family":"Shishvan","given":"SS"},{"family":"Fleck","given":"NA"},{"family":"Mcmeeking","given":"RM"},{"family":"Deshpande","given":"VS"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.34657/13586","URL":"https://doi.org/10.34657/13586","source":"datacite"},{"id":"oa:W4324291204","type":"article-journal","title":"Power Electronics Technology for Large-Scale Renewable Energy Generation","abstract":"Grid integration of renewable energy (REN) requires efficient and reliable power conversion stages, particularly with an increasing demand for high controllability and flexibility seen from the grid side. Underpinned by advanced control and information technologies, power electronics converters play an essential role in large-scale REN generation. However, the use of power converters has also exposed several challenges in conventional power grids, e.g., reducing the system inertia. In this article, grid integration using power electronics is presented for large-scale REN generation. Technical issues and requirements are discussed with a special focus on grid-connected wind, solar photovoltaic, and energy storage systems. In addition, the core of the energy generation and conversion—control for individual power converters (e.g., general current control) and for the system level (e.g., coordinated operation of large-scale energy systems)—is briefly discussed. Future research perspectives are then presented, which further advance large-scale REN generation technologies by incorporating more power electronics systems.","author":[{"family":"Blaabjerg","given":"Frede"},{"family":"Yang","given":"Yongheng"},{"family":"Kim","given":"Katherine"},{"family":"Rodríguez","given":"José"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.1109/jproc.2023.3253165","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2023.3253165","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W4390686294","type":"article-journal","title":"RETRACTED: A comprehensive review of international renewable energy growth","abstract":"The study meticulously reviews international growth trends in renewable energy from 2010 to 2022, across various global regions. Utilizing a comprehensive methodology, the study systematically analyzes academic articles, policy documents, and industry reports to offer a holistic understanding of the progression and distribution of renewable energy practices. It scrutinizes the principal drivers propelling the adoption of renewable resources and identifies the prevalent challenges that impede their maximization. The study critically evaluates existing policies, infrastructural advancements, and technological innovations, assessing their effectiveness across diverse socio-economic landscapes. It delves into the environmental and economic impacts of transitioning to renewable energy, underlining the intricate balance between sustainable development and ecological conservation. The role of renewable energy as a pivotal player in climate change mitigation is explored, providing a balanced perspective of its potential to transform energy systems while recognizing the complexities in its widespread adoption. Additionally, the study outlines potential future trajectories for renewable energy growth, offering invaluable insights for policymakers, researchers, and investors. It underscores the necessity of evidence-based decision-making to navigate the intricacies of renewable energy adoption and capitalize on its opportunities. In essence, the research encourages an active and informed approach, guiding the international community towards a more sustainable and environmentally responsible energy future.","author":[{"family":"Hassan","given":"Qusay"},{"family":"Algburi","given":"Sameer"},{"family":"Sameen","given":"Aws"},{"family":"Al-Musawi","given":"Tariq"},{"family":"Aljiboory","given":"Ali"},{"family":"Salman","given":"Hayder"},{"family":"Ali","given":"Bashar"},{"family":"Jaszczur","given":"Marek"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.enbenv.2023.12.002","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbenv.2023.12.002","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W4400280645","type":"article-journal","title":"Integration of renewable energy sources in tandem with electrolysis: A technology review for green hydrogen production","abstract":"The global shift toward sustainable energy solutions emphasises the urgent need to harness renewable sources for green hydrogen production, presenting a critical opportunity in the transition to a low-carbon economy. Despite its potential, integrating renewable energy with electrolysis to produce green hydrogen faces significant technological and economic challenges, particularly in achieving high efficiency and cost-effectiveness at scale. This review systematically examines the latest advancements in electrolysis technologies—alkaline, proton exchange membrane electrolysis cell (PEMEC), and solid oxide—and explores innovative grid integration and energy storage solutions that enhance the viability of green hydrogen. The study reveals enhanced performance metrics in electrolysis processes and identifies critical factors that influence the operational efficiency and sustainability of green hydrogen production. Key findings demonstrate the potential for substantial reductions in the cost and energy requirements of hydrogen production by optimising electrolyser design and operation. The insights from this research provide a foundational strategy for scaling up green hydrogen as a sustainable energy carrier, contributing to global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and advance toward carbon neutrality. The integration of these technologies could revolutionise energy systems worldwide, aligning with policy frameworks and market dynamics to foster broader adoption of green hydrogen.","author":[{"family":"Nnabuife","given":"Somtochukwu"},{"family":"Hamzat","given":"Abdulhammed"},{"family":"Whidborne","given":"James"},{"family":"Kuang","given":"Boyu"},{"family":"Jenkins","given":"Karl"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.06.342","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.06.342","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W4386619339","type":"article-journal","title":"Deep Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Sustainability: A Review of SDGs, Renewable Energy, and Environmental Health","abstract":"Artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning (DL) have shown tremendous potential in driving sustainability across various sectors. This paper reviews recent advancements in AI and DL and explores their applications in achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs), renewable energy, environmental health, and smart building energy management. AI has the potential to contribute to 134 of the 169 targets across all SDGs, but the rapid development of these technologies necessitates comprehensive regulatory oversight to ensure transparency, safety, and ethical standards. In the renewable energy sector, AI and DL have been effectively utilized in optimizing energy management, fault detection, and power grid stability. They have also demonstrated promise in enhancing waste management and predictive analysis in photovoltaic power plants. In the field of environmental health, the integration of AI and DL has facilitated the analysis of complex spatial data, improving exposure modeling and disease prediction. However, challenges such as the explainability and transparency of AI and DL models, the scalability and high dimensionality of data, the integration with next-generation wireless networks, and ethics and privacy concerns need to be addressed. Future research should focus on enhancing the explainability and transparency of AI and DL models, developing scalable algorithms for processing large datasets, exploring the integration of AI with next-generation wireless networks, and addressing ethical and privacy considerations. Additionally, improving the energy efficiency of AI and DL models is crucial to ensure the sustainable use of these technologies. By addressing these challenges and fostering responsible and innovative use, AI and DL can significantly contribute to a more sustainable future.","author":[{"family":"Fan","given":"Zhencheng"},{"family":"Yan","given":"Zheng"},{"family":"Wen","given":"Shiping"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.3390/su151813493","URL":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su151813493","source":"openalex"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21549560","type":"article-journal","title":"Hybrid Solar and Kinetic Energy Harvesting System for Smart Microgrids for EV Charging With Integrated IOT","abstract":"This project presents a Hybrid Solar and Kinetic Energy Harvesting System designed for efficient energy harvesting and smart microgrid management. The system integrates a 12V battery, charged via a photovoltaic (PV) cell and an energy harvesting mechanism from a speed breaker, ensuring a sustainable power supply. One 1W solar panel, each monitored by a voltage sensor, provide real-time voltage data to an Arduino UNO microcontroller. Simultaneously, the speed breaker-based energy harvester contributes additional power, monitored through a voltage sensor. To enhance system intelligence and remote accessibility, an IoT-enabled Wi-Fi module transmits real-time power data to an online monitoring platform. The system optimizes power distribution across three load stations using relay-based control, allowing dynamic load management based on power availability and demand. By integrating solar and kinetic energy sources, this project enhances energy efficiency and reliability in smart microgrid applications.","author":[{"family":"Supriya","given":"V"},{"family":"Krishna","given":"BV"},{"family":"Reddy","given":"KVK"},{"family":"Krishna","given":"KS"},{"family":"Krishna","given":"GS"},{"family":"Vandana","given":"E"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21549560","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21549560","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21549561","type":"article-journal","title":"Hybrid Solar and Kinetic Energy Harvesting System for Smart Microgrids for EV Charging With Integrated IOT","abstract":"This project presents a Hybrid Solar and Kinetic Energy Harvesting System designed for efficient energy harvesting and smart microgrid management. The system integrates a 12V battery, charged via a photovoltaic (PV) cell and an energy harvesting mechanism from a speed breaker, ensuring a sustainable power supply. One 1W solar panel, each monitored by a voltage sensor, provide real-time voltage data to an Arduino UNO microcontroller. Simultaneously, the speed breaker-based energy harvester contributes additional power, monitored through a voltage sensor. To enhance system intelligence and remote accessibility, an IoT-enabled Wi-Fi module transmits real-time power data to an online monitoring platform. The system optimizes power distribution across three load stations using relay-based control, allowing dynamic load management based on power availability and demand. By integrating solar and kinetic energy sources, this project enhances energy efficiency and reliability in smart microgrid applications.","author":[{"family":"Supriya","given":"V"},{"family":"Krishna","given":"BV"},{"family":"Reddy","given":"KVK"},{"family":"Krishna","given":"KS"},{"family":"Krishna","given":"GS"},{"family":"Vandana","given":"E"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21549561","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21549561","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21549098","type":"article-journal","title":"Innovative Technologies in Post-Harvest Processing: AI, 3D Printing, And Renewable Energy for Sustainable Practices","abstract":"Post-harvest loss is among the major threats to global food security and economic stability. New technologies, such as AI, 3D printing, and renewable energy, offer innovative solutions that enhance efficiency, minimise waste, and promote sustainability in post-harvest systems. This paper reviews these technologies and their applications: AI-driven grading and predictive analytics, 3D-printed tools and packaging innovations, and renewable energy-powered drying and storage systems. It further elaborates on the key developments, implementation challenges, and future directions, and underlines the transformative nature of these technologies in creating resilient and sustainable agricultural systems that would be able to meet some of the pressing concerns in food production and distribution. These innovations would assure food security for both developed and developing countries. Significant environmental impacts and costs of running agricultural supply chains would be dramatically reduced. Innovation has also provided equal access to resources and opportunities among smallholder farmers and helped promote global environmental goals. Together with the advocacy and filling up of gaps concerning technology and infrastructural accessibility, this paper has pointed out the need for multidisciplinary cooperation and laws that support such actions.","author":[{"family":"Choudhury","given":"Rohit"},{"family":"Sheikh","given":"Asaruddin"},{"family":"Roy","given":"Kanica"},{"family":"Debnath","given":"Joytu"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21549098","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21549098","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21549099","type":"article-journal","title":"Innovative Technologies in Post-Harvest Processing: AI, 3D Printing, And Renewable Energy for Sustainable Practices","abstract":"Post-harvest loss is among the major threats to global food security and economic stability. New technologies, such as AI, 3D printing, and renewable energy, offer innovative solutions that enhance efficiency, minimise waste, and promote sustainability in post-harvest systems. This paper reviews these technologies and their applications: AI-driven grading and predictive analytics, 3D-printed tools and packaging innovations, and renewable energy-powered drying and storage systems. It further elaborates on the key developments, implementation challenges, and future directions, and underlines the transformative nature of these technologies in creating resilient and sustainable agricultural systems that would be able to meet some of the pressing concerns in food production and distribution. These innovations would assure food security for both developed and developing countries. Significant environmental impacts and costs of running agricultural supply chains would be dramatically reduced. Innovation has also provided equal access to resources and opportunities among smallholder farmers and helped promote global environmental goals. Together with the advocacy and filling up of gaps concerning technology and infrastructural accessibility, this paper has pointed out the need for multidisciplinary cooperation and laws that support such actions.","author":[{"family":"Choudhury","given":"Rohit"},{"family":"Sheikh","given":"Asaruddin"},{"family":"Roy","given":"Kanica"},{"family":"Debnath","given":"Joytu"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21549099","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21549099","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21547775","type":"article-journal","title":"Renewable Dual Fuel Generation through Fermentation and Transesterification of Sugarcane Juice and Waste Cooking Oil","abstract":"This study presents an integrated approach for producing bioethanol and biodiesel from sugarcane juice and waste vegetable oil, two abundant agro-industrial by-products. Through optimized fermentation and transesterification processes, we achieved high ethanol yields and produced fatty acid ethyl esters meeting ASTM and EN fuel standards. This dual biofuel generation process supports India's national biofuel blending targets, promotes sustainability, and offers implications for global renewable energy strategies. The resulting biodiesel exhibited a cetane number of 53.6 and met ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards, confirming fuel-grade quality.","author":[{"family":"Abhinav"},{"family":"Puneet"},{"family":"Singh","given":"Gurinder"},{"family":"Kaur","given":"Harpreet"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21547775","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21547775","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21547776","type":"article-journal","title":"Renewable Dual Fuel Generation through Fermentation and Transesterification of Sugarcane Juice and Waste Cooking Oil","abstract":"This study presents an integrated approach for producing bioethanol and biodiesel from sugarcane juice and waste vegetable oil, two abundant agro-industrial by-products. Through optimized fermentation and transesterification processes, we achieved high ethanol yields and produced fatty acid ethyl esters meeting ASTM and EN fuel standards. This dual biofuel generation process supports India's national biofuel blending targets, promotes sustainability, and offers implications for global renewable energy strategies. The resulting biodiesel exhibited a cetane number of 53.6 and met ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards, confirming fuel-grade quality.","author":[{"family":"Abhinav"},{"family":"Puneet"},{"family":"Singh","given":"Gurinder"},{"family":"Kaur","given":"Harpreet"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21547776","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21547776","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21546723","type":"article-journal","title":"Review on Design and Implementation of Solar Arduino Uno Based System for Microgrids","abstract":"The increasing need for sustainable and decentralized power generation has accelerated the development of microgrid technologies capable of integrating renewable resources. This study presents the design and implementation of a solar energy–based microgrid monitoring and control system using an Arduino Uno platform. The proposed system utilizes photovoltaic (PV) modules as the primary power source and incorporates sensors for real-time measurement of voltage, current, temperature, and battery state-of-charge (SOC). An MPPT-enabled charge controller ensures efficient energy harvesting, while the Arduino Uno performs data acquisition, energy management, and load-switching operations. The system communicates key operational parameters through an LCD interface and optional IoT connectivity for remote supervision. Prototype results demonstrate stable power delivery, improved energy utilization, and effective load management for small-scale microgrid environments. This cost-effective and modular architecture provides a scalable solution for rural electrification, smart energy distribution, and renewable-integrated microgrid applications, highlighting its potential for wider deployment in sustainable energy systems","author":[{"family":"Ali","given":"RS"},{"family":"Bodhe","given":"Anuja"},{"family":"Banait","given":"Payal"},{"family":"Shambharkar","given":"Sarthak"},{"family":"Gahane","given":"Shubham"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21546723","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21546723","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21546724","type":"article-journal","title":"Review on Design and Implementation of Solar Arduino Uno Based System for Microgrids","abstract":"The increasing need for sustainable and decentralized power generation has accelerated the development of microgrid technologies capable of integrating renewable resources. This study presents the design and implementation of a solar energy–based microgrid monitoring and control system using an Arduino Uno platform. The proposed system utilizes photovoltaic (PV) modules as the primary power source and incorporates sensors for real-time measurement of voltage, current, temperature, and battery state-of-charge (SOC). An MPPT-enabled charge controller ensures efficient energy harvesting, while the Arduino Uno performs data acquisition, energy management, and load-switching operations. The system communicates key operational parameters through an LCD interface and optional IoT connectivity for remote supervision. Prototype results demonstrate stable power delivery, improved energy utilization, and effective load management for small-scale microgrid environments. This cost-effective and modular architecture provides a scalable solution for rural electrification, smart energy distribution, and renewable-integrated microgrid applications, highlighting its potential for wider deployment in sustainable energy systems","author":[{"family":"Ali","given":"RS"},{"family":"Bodhe","given":"Anuja"},{"family":"Banait","given":"Payal"},{"family":"Shambharkar","given":"Sarthak"},{"family":"Gahane","given":"Shubham"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21546724","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21546724","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20286943","type":"article-journal","title":"Bridging the Energy Gap in ASEAN: Scaling Green Finance and Carbon Markets for a Sustainable Transition","abstract":"Fragmented regulations, limited access to green finance, and underdeveloped carbon markets impede ASEAN's clean energy transition. This paper assesses global best practices, including the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), and green bond standards, through comparative policy analysis, evaluating their suitability for ASEAN's context. By examining specific national cases from Indonesia, Singapore, and Thailand, we identify critical opportunities for enhancing institutional capacities, harmonizing regulatory frameworks, and scaling climate-aligned investment. A strategic roadmap is developed, focusing particularly on carbon pricing mechanisms, blended finance solutions, and digital innovations such as blockchain and artificial intelligence for regional energy market integration. Findings underline the necessity of coordinated regional carbon markets, standardized green finance instruments, and digitally driven transparency tools. This integrated approach offers ASEAN a pragmatic pathway to accelerate its low-carbon transition, ensuring both economic resilience and regional cooperation. Future research is recommended to explore socioeconomic impacts on vulnerable sectors and strategies for operationalizing regional carbon pricing across ASEAN's diverse political economies.","author":[{"family":"Zin Lin","given":"Ohn"},{"family":"Štěpanec","given":"Libor"},{"family":"Aye","given":"Hnin"},{"family":"Juchelkova","given":"Dagmar"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20286943","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20286943","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20286944","type":"article-journal","title":"Bridging the Energy Gap in ASEAN: Scaling Green Finance and Carbon Markets for a Sustainable Transition","abstract":"Fragmented regulations, limited access to green finance, and underdeveloped carbon markets impede ASEAN's clean energy transition. This paper assesses global best practices, including the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), and green bond standards, through comparative policy analysis, evaluating their suitability for ASEAN's context. By examining specific national cases from Indonesia, Singapore, and Thailand, we identify critical opportunities for enhancing institutional capacities, harmonizing regulatory frameworks, and scaling climate-aligned investment. A strategic roadmap is developed, focusing particularly on carbon pricing mechanisms, blended finance solutions, and digital innovations such as blockchain and artificial intelligence for regional energy market integration. Findings underline the necessity of coordinated regional carbon markets, standardized green finance instruments, and digitally driven transparency tools. This integrated approach offers ASEAN a pragmatic pathway to accelerate its low-carbon transition, ensuring both economic resilience and regional cooperation. Future research is recommended to explore socioeconomic impacts on vulnerable sectors and strategies for operationalizing regional carbon pricing across ASEAN's diverse political economies.","author":[{"family":"Zin Lin","given":"Ohn"},{"family":"Štěpanec","given":"Libor"},{"family":"Aye","given":"Hnin"},{"family":"Juchelkova","given":"Dagmar"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20286944","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20286944","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21719170","type":"article-journal","title":"An Innovative Searching for High-End Making Product Even Equipment &GDP Systems on Scientist's Behaviour and Judgement With Sustainability V","abstract":"The high-end making, new energy &AI (artificial intelligence) robot will occupy the new reformation field so that the much R &D (research and development) and investment is to be added continually by our government, maker &university. On the other hand, the expertise research must be much stronger, deeper & wider so the related performance is to be published in high-level &high-advanced journal with that paper. That needs to reflect the external and internal intrinsic relationship about searching object default and inner stress &temperature etc. many physical and chemistry aspects. Therein many relational information can be acquired by our scientist and fellows for them to continuously find and seek the principle result on behalf of complicated exploration about the unbalance and balance relation so as to acquire the virtual and actual phenomena and theoretical base. We should encourage the fellows research aim and direction, thereby the subsequent capital support by government constitution even institution by institute and making house and devices etc a series of preferential policy. The more product and equipment made from maker will enhance our high-technique skill and equipment capacity to satisfy the request coming from the society and foreign remands for us to process the foreign trade business actively from factory to seaport transiting other countries and territories. The old and new energy kinetic transformation needs to be transformed by now urgently, and those old low energy kinetic will be collapsed gradually and ultimately for us to learn new one and some interdisciplinary subject applying to the innovation item. The new renewable energy industry as an important factor to decline the gasoline usefulness on vehicle and factories that may start to change the traditional energy source into the low-contamination &high-renewable fuel at all for us to share in the views of the clean atmosphere with the BEV(battery electric vehicles) and making automation-flow-line and some heat-supplying factories. Thereby, the more searching for those transforming course and endeavors would be request through arousing the researcher and scholars explored the source and making process to a certain performance that is to advantage progressing high-functional-equipment making. So the society will continue to develop for us to be employed by those makers and increase the work-opportunity from college and university exhibited their expertise advantageous direction and theme for the sake of improving factory new-quality-productivity with those new and tip subject like some interdisciplinary departments between physics and materials, physics and chemistry, chemistry and physics, physics &administration, automation &physics, electronics &electricity, electronics &physics, electricity &physics etc..those new interdisciplinary departments will occupy the new subjects so as to enhance ours fringe-regional development and cross-disciplinary one trial and development. [1~21]","author":[{"family":"Xu","given":"Run"},{"family":"Qi","given":"Yongbo"},{"family":"Wu","given":"Wanhao"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21719170","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21719170","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21719171","type":"article-journal","title":"An Innovative Searching for High-End Making Product Even Equipment &GDP Systems on Scientist's Behaviour and Judgement With Sustainability V","abstract":"The high-end making, new energy &AI (artificial intelligence) robot will occupy the new reformation field so that the much R &D (research and development) and investment is to be added continually by our government, maker &university. On the other hand, the expertise research must be much stronger, deeper & wider so the related performance is to be published in high-level &high-advanced journal with that paper. That needs to reflect the external and internal intrinsic relationship about searching object default and inner stress &temperature etc. many physical and chemistry aspects. Therein many relational information can be acquired by our scientist and fellows for them to continuously find and seek the principle result on behalf of complicated exploration about the unbalance and balance relation so as to acquire the virtual and actual phenomena and theoretical base. We should encourage the fellows research aim and direction, thereby the subsequent capital support by government constitution even institution by institute and making house and devices etc a series of preferential policy. The more product and equipment made from maker will enhance our high-technique skill and equipment capacity to satisfy the request coming from the society and foreign remands for us to process the foreign trade business actively from factory to seaport transiting other countries and territories. The old and new energy kinetic transformation needs to be transformed by now urgently, and those old low energy kinetic will be collapsed gradually and ultimately for us to learn new one and some interdisciplinary subject applying to the innovation item. The new renewable energy industry as an important factor to decline the gasoline usefulness on vehicle and factories that may start to change the traditional energy source into the low-contamination &high-renewable fuel at all for us to share in the views of the clean atmosphere with the BEV(battery electric vehicles) and making automation-flow-line and some heat-supplying factories. Thereby, the more searching for those transforming course and endeavors would be request through arousing the researcher and scholars explored the source and making process to a certain performance that is to advantage progressing high-functional-equipment making. So the society will continue to develop for us to be employed by those makers and increase the work-opportunity from college and university exhibited their expertise advantageous direction and theme for the sake of improving factory new-quality-productivity with those new and tip subject like some interdisciplinary departments between physics and materials, physics and chemistry, chemistry and physics, physics &administration, automation &physics, electronics &electricity, electronics &physics, electricity &physics etc..those new interdisciplinary departments will occupy the new subjects so as to enhance ours fringe-regional development and cross-disciplinary one trial and development. [1~21]","author":[{"family":"Xu","given":"Run"},{"family":"Qi","given":"Yongbo"},{"family":"Wu","given":"Wanhao"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21719171","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21719171","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2608.28401","type":"manuscript","title":"Energy Internet Routing using Quantum Optimization Algorithms","abstract":"The Energy Internet (EI) is a new concept aimed at enhancing the integration of renewable energy sources with the energy grid. Energy-efficient path selection in EI is NP-hard. This research presents an innovative Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) and Ising Hamiltonian formulation for energy routing. The validation and scalability of the proposed formulation were evaluated by applying quantum-inspired annealing and quantum gate optimization to two case studies, a 9-node and a 30-node EI network. A comparative analysis was presented between classical optimization using the Dijkstra algorithm, optimization-based methods, and QAOA using the Qiskit Sampler Primitive, NumpyEigenSolver, and quantum-inspired annealing using the Ocean exact Solver, D-Wave Tabu Sampler, and D-Wave Simulated Annealing. Simulation results based on the proposed formulation agree with the exact solution, while the runtime of classical approaches is less than that of quantum approaches. However, the Simulated Annealing sampler offers the shortest runtime among all quantum methods.","author":[{"family":"Tehrani","given":"Alireza"},{"family":"Boroushaki","given":"Mehrdad"},{"family":"Rajabi","given":"Abbas"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.48550/arxiv.2608.28401","URL":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.28401","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2608.28296","type":"manuscript","title":"Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering for Efficient Annual Voltage Security Assessment in Very-High RES Penetrated Power Systems","abstract":"Voltage security assessment in power systems with high renewable energy source (RES) penetration requires analyzing many operating conditions to capture variability and uncertainty, but simulating a full year of operating points is computationally costly - motivating the selection of representative operating points (ROPs). Most existing methods cluster demand and generation profiles, but similarity in these profiles does not guarantee similarity in voltage behavior, since reactive power limits, voltage-control actions, and nonlinear network interactions shape voltage response in ways that cannot be inferred from power profile patterns. This paper proposes an unsupervised learning framework that selects ROPs based on the system's actual voltage response: each operating point is represented by system-wide voltage-risk indices from AC power-flow solutions, Principal Component Analysis reduces dimensionality, and Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering with Ward linkage identifies representative voltage regimes. A comprehensive set of evaluation criteria then measures how well the selected ROPs reproduce the full year's voltage-security characteristics under normal and contingency conditions. On the IEEE Voltage Test System under very high RES penetration, the framework reduces the annual operating point set by 99.66 percent while reproducing full-year voltage behavior with 98.3 percent reconstruction accuracy in steady state and 93.4 percent in post-contingency response, outperforming existing injection-space clustering and heuristic sampling.","author":[{"family":"Agon","given":"Rock"},{"family":"Preece","given":"Robin"},{"family":"Milanovic","given":"Jovica"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.48550/arxiv.2608.28296","URL":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.28296","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21513858","type":"article-journal","title":"Improving Solar Power Forecasting Using Air Quality and Weather Data with Ensemble Learning","abstract":"Solar power generation is non-continuous and very much dependent on atmospheric conditions such as weather variability and pollution levels. Forecasting solar power accurately is important for effective energy planning, grid stability, and large-scale integration of PV systems. Traditional forecasting approaches (sensor-based) are effective, yet costly, depending on the location. This study proposes a data-driven solar power forecasting framework that integrates weather parameters and Air Quality Index (AQI) indicators using ensemble machine learning models. The study focuses on existing methodologies that use meteorological variables, air pollutant concentrations (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, CO2, O3) and solar irradiance indicators for solar power forecasting. This paper reviews machine learning approaches, including regression models, ensemble learning, and stacked architectures, aligning with prediction accuracy, scalability, and practical deployment. This paper also emphasizes the impact of integrating AQI parameters into solar prediction models and demonstrates how effectively the combined weather-AQI features enhance the accuracy of solar power predictions. This study suggests employing a stacked ensemble model based on tree-based learners to align with the trends identified in the literature. The review concludes by identifying key research gaps and future directions, highlighting the potential of AQI-aware, data-driven models for cost-effective, scalable, and reliable solar power forecasting in smart energy systems.","author":[{"family":"Kulkarni","given":"Apurva"},{"family":"Suryawanshi","given":"Prem"},{"family":"Agrawal","given":"Garima"},{"family":"Agrawal","given":"Nidhi"},{"family":"Khandwani","given":"Faizan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21513858","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21513858","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21513859","type":"article-journal","title":"Improving Solar Power Forecasting Using Air Quality and Weather Data with Ensemble Learning","abstract":"Solar power generation is non-continuous and very much dependent on atmospheric conditions such as weather variability and pollution levels. Forecasting solar power accurately is important for effective energy planning, grid stability, and large-scale integration of PV systems. Traditional forecasting approaches (sensor-based) are effective, yet costly, depending on the location. This study proposes a data-driven solar power forecasting framework that integrates weather parameters and Air Quality Index (AQI) indicators using ensemble machine learning models. The study focuses on existing methodologies that use meteorological variables, air pollutant concentrations (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, CO2, O3) and solar irradiance indicators for solar power forecasting. This paper reviews machine learning approaches, including regression models, ensemble learning, and stacked architectures, aligning with prediction accuracy, scalability, and practical deployment. This paper also emphasizes the impact of integrating AQI parameters into solar prediction models and demonstrates how effectively the combined weather-AQI features enhance the accuracy of solar power predictions. This study suggests employing a stacked ensemble model based on tree-based learners to align with the trends identified in the literature. The review concludes by identifying key research gaps and future directions, highlighting the potential of AQI-aware, data-driven models for cost-effective, scalable, and reliable solar power forecasting in smart energy systems.","author":[{"family":"Kulkarni","given":"Apurva"},{"family":"Suryawanshi","given":"Prem"},{"family":"Agrawal","given":"Garima"},{"family":"Agrawal","given":"Nidhi"},{"family":"Khandwani","given":"Faizan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21513859","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21513859","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.15240848","type":"article-journal","title":"Integrating Renewables Into Stand-alone Hybrid Energy  System and Meeting Freshwater Demand by Utilizing  Excess Energy","abstract":"Hybrid renewable energy systems, well-known for their ability to use multiple renewable sources parallelly to supply power, generate significant energy excess to demand. This study optimizes a standalone hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) for Rangabali Upazila, Bangladesh, integrating PV, wind turbines, a diesel generator, and either pumped-hydro storage (PHS) or batteries. The system addresses electricity demand and freshwater production using excess energy. Simulations in HOMER Pro indicate that PHS outperforms battery storage in both economic and environmental aspects. Systems with PHS achieve a net present cost (NPC) of $28.33M and a cost of energy (COE) of $0.175/kWh in both load-following and cycle-charging strategies, compared to $33.57M NPC and $0.207/kWh COE for the systems with battery. Additionally, PHS systems achieve zero emission as they do not require diesel generator operation, while battery systems consume up to 415 L of fuel and emit 1098 kg of CO₂ annually. The results demonstrate that the proposed systems ensure reliable power and freshwater supply, contributing to sustainable development in remote regions. Note: This paper was accepted at ICMIME 2024, organized by Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, RUET. The proceedings were not formally published or assigned a DOI. This version is uploaded as a preprint to ensure open access and proper citation.","author":[{"family":"Siddika","given":"Saifa"},{"family":"Rahman","given":"ASMS"},{"family":"Hoque","given":"Md"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.15240848","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15240848","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.15240849","type":"article-journal","title":"Integrating Renewables Into Stand-alone Hybrid Energy  System and Meeting Freshwater Demand by Utilizing  Excess Energy","abstract":"Hybrid renewable energy systems, well-known for their ability to use multiple renewable sources parallelly to supply power, generate significant energy excess to demand. This study optimizes a standalone hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) for Rangabali Upazila, Bangladesh, integrating PV, wind turbines, a diesel generator, and either pumped-hydro storage (PHS) or batteries. The system addresses electricity demand and freshwater production using excess energy. Simulations in HOMER Pro indicate that PHS outperforms battery storage in both economic and environmental aspects. Systems with PHS achieve a net present cost (NPC) of $28.33M and a cost of energy (COE) of $0.175/kWh in both load-following and cycle-charging strategies, compared to $33.57M NPC and $0.207/kWh COE for the systems with battery. Additionally, PHS systems achieve zero emission as they do not require diesel generator operation, while battery systems consume up to 415 L of fuel and emit 1098 kg of CO₂ annually. The results demonstrate that the proposed systems ensure reliable power and freshwater supply, contributing to sustainable development in remote regions. Note: This paper was accepted at ICMIME 2024, organized by Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, RUET. The proceedings were not formally published or assigned a DOI. This version is uploaded as a preprint to ensure open access and proper citation.","author":[{"family":"Siddika","given":"Saifa"},{"family":"Rahman","given":"ASMS"},{"family":"Hoque","given":"Md"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.15240849","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15240849","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22109980","type":"article-journal","title":"Digital Transformation through Renewable Energy: A Comparative Analysis of BRICS Nations..","abstract":"The 21st century demands a shift towards renewable energy, as international bodies, trade groups, and associations urge member states to decrease CO2 emissions through policies promoting sustainable growth. Among these is the BRICS alliance, consisting of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa - emerging economies that accounted for nearly 30% of global GDP in 2024. A Lancet study on pollution and health highlighted that pollution-induced illnesses caused 16% of worldwide deaths in 2025, totaling 9 million premature fatalities. Air pollution, responsible for 85% of airborne particulate matter, presents the gravest concern. The energy sector, a primary polluter, releases Sulfur oxides (SOx), Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Carbon Monoxide (CO), and Methane (CH4) as key air contaminants. Considering the BRICS nations' global significance, assessing their renewable energy capacity is vital. This research explores the BRICS countries' involvement and accomplishments in the renewable energy field, while also examining how digital transformation influences these endeavors..","author":[{"family":"D Pushpa","given":"Gowri"},{"family":"Shruthi","given":"HS"},{"family":"Rashmi N","given":"Rashmi"},{"family":"Ramya R","given":"Ramya"},{"family":"Deekshitha R","given":"Deekshitha"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22109980","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22109980","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22109981","type":"article-journal","title":"Digital Transformation through Renewable Energy: A Comparative Analysis of BRICS Nations..","abstract":"The 21st century demands a shift towards renewable energy, as international bodies, trade groups, and associations urge member states to decrease CO2 emissions through policies promoting sustainable growth. Among these is the BRICS alliance, consisting of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa - emerging economies that accounted for nearly 30% of global GDP in 2024. A Lancet study on pollution and health highlighted that pollution-induced illnesses caused 16% of worldwide deaths in 2025, totaling 9 million premature fatalities. Air pollution, responsible for 85% of airborne particulate matter, presents the gravest concern. The energy sector, a primary polluter, releases Sulfur oxides (SOx), Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Carbon Monoxide (CO), and Methane (CH4) as key air contaminants. Considering the BRICS nations' global significance, assessing their renewable energy capacity is vital. This research explores the BRICS countries' involvement and accomplishments in the renewable energy field, while also examining how digital transformation influences these endeavors..","author":[{"family":"D Pushpa","given":"Gowri"},{"family":"Shruthi","given":"HS"},{"family":"Rashmi N","given":"Rashmi"},{"family":"Ramya R","given":"Ramya"},{"family":"Deekshitha R","given":"Deekshitha"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22109981","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22109981","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2510.09698","type":"manuscript","title":"Norwegian Electricity in Geographic Dataset (NoreGeo)","abstract":"Geographic data is vital in understanding, analyzing, and contextualizing energy usage at the regional level within electricity systems. While geospatial visualizations of electricity infrastructure and distributions of production and consumption are available from governmental and third-party sources, these sources are often disparate, and compatible geographic datasets remain scarce. In this paper, we present a comprehensive geographic dataset representing the electricity system in Norway. We collect data from multiple authoritative sources, process it into widely accepted formats, and generate interactive maps based on this data. Our dataset includes information for each municipality in Norway for the year 2024, encompassing electricity infrastructure, consumption, renewable and conventional production, main power grid topology, relevant natural resources, and population demographics. This work results in a formatted geographic dataset that integrates diverse informational resources, along with openly released interactive maps. We anticipate that our dataset will alleviate software incompatibilities in data retrieval, and facilitate joint analyses on regional electricity system for energy researchers, stakeholders, and developers.","author":[{"family":"Zhang","given":"Shiliang"},{"family":"Maharjan","given":"Sabita"},{"family":"Strunz","given":"Kai"},{"family":"Bryne","given":"Jan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.48550/arxiv.2510.09698","URL":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2510.09698","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20362070","type":"article-journal","title":"A global geospatial dataset of renewable electricity supply and network infrastructure for 2024, 2030 and 2050","abstract":"This dataset provides harmonised country-year geospatial outputs of modelled renewable electricity supply, electricity use, and transmission-network infrastructure for 189 countries in 2024, 2030, and 2050. The archived data records include generation-facility layers, settlement-centroid electricity-use and allocated-supply layers, modelled transmission-network layers with routed supply paths, and national summary tables, together with supporting renewable-generation viability screening layers for solar, wind, and hydropower. Outputs are standardised at 300 arc-second spatial resolution and are intended to support energy-access assessment, renewable electricity planning, infrastructure resilience analysis, and integration with local or national datasets.","author":[{"family":"Jeong","given":"Jihyeon"},{"family":"Thomas","given":"Fred"},{"family":"Hall","given":"Jim"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20362070","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20362070","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20362071","type":"article-journal","title":"A global geospatial dataset of renewable electricity supply and network infrastructure for 2024, 2030 and 2050","abstract":"This dataset provides harmonised country-year geospatial outputs of modelled renewable electricity supply, electricity use, and transmission-network infrastructure for 189 countries in 2024, 2030, and 2050. The archived data records include generation-facility layers, settlement-centroid electricity-use and allocated-supply layers, modelled transmission-network layers with routed supply paths, and national summary tables, together with supporting renewable-generation viability screening layers for solar, wind, and hydropower. Outputs are standardised at 300 arc-second spatial resolution and are intended to support energy-access assessment, renewable electricity planning, infrastructure resilience analysis, and integration with local or national datasets.","author":[{"family":"Jeong","given":"Jihyeon"},{"family":"Thomas","given":"Fred"},{"family":"Hall","given":"Jim"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20362071","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20362071","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.71741/4pyxmbnjaq.33235884.v2","type":"article-journal","title":"Integrating non-conventional water resources and renewable energy solutions under WEFE framework for agricultural water management in Asia and Pacific region","abstract":"This working paper, prepared for the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN), explores the potential for integrating non-conventional water resources (NCWR) and renewable energy (RE) solutions into agricultural water management in the region of Asia-Pacific (RAP), using the Water-Energy-Food-Ecosystem (WEFE) nexus as a guiding framework. Agriculture accounts for over 90% of freshwater withdrawals in the region, significantly above the global average of 75% (Aryal et al. 2024). As population growth, urbanisation, climate change and groundwater extraction intensify competition for finite water resources, the region faces significant risks to food security, livelihoods, and ecosystem sustainability.","author":[{"family":"Carrard","given":"Naomi"},{"family":"Casey","given":"Leanne"},{"family":"Robinson","given":"Georgina"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.71741/4pyxmbnjaq.33235884.v2","URL":"https://doi.org/10.71741/4pyxmbnjaq.33235884.v2","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.71741/4pyxmbnjaq.33235884.v3","type":"article-journal","title":"WEFE Nexus-Aligned Agricultural Water Management in Asia and the Pacific: Integrating Non-Conventional Water Resources and Renewable Energy","abstract":"This working paper, prepared for the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN), explores the potential for integrating non-conventional water resources (NCWR) and renewable energy (RE) solutions into agricultural water management in the region of Asia-Pacific (RAP), using the Water-Energy-Food-Ecosystem (WEFE) nexus as a guiding framework. Agriculture accounts for over 90% of freshwater withdrawals in the region, significantly above the global average of 75% (Aryal et al. 2024). As population growth, urbanisation, climate change and groundwater extraction intensify competition for finite water resources, the region faces significant risks to food security, livelihoods, and ecosystem sustainability.","author":[{"family":"Carrard","given":"Naomi"},{"family":"Casey","given":"Leanne"},{"family":"Robinson","given":"Georgina"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.71741/4pyxmbnjaq.33235884.v3","URL":"https://doi.org/10.71741/4pyxmbnjaq.33235884.v3","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.71741/4pyxmbnjaq.33235884","type":"article-journal","title":"WEFE Nexus-Aligned Agricultural Water Management in Asia and the Pacific: Integrating Non-Conventional Water Resources and Renewable Energy","abstract":"This working paper, prepared for the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN), explores the potential for integrating non-conventional water resources (NCWR) and renewable energy (RE) solutions into agricultural water management in the region of Asia-Pacific (RAP), using the Water-Energy-Food-Ecosystem (WEFE) nexus as a guiding framework. Agriculture accounts for over 90% of freshwater withdrawals in the region, significantly above the global average of 75% (Aryal et al. 2024). As population growth, urbanisation, climate change and groundwater extraction intensify competition for finite water resources, the region faces significant risks to food security, livelihoods, and ecosystem sustainability.","author":[{"family":"Carrard","given":"Naomi"},{"family":"Casey","given":"Leanne"},{"family":"Robinson","given":"Georgina"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.71741/4pyxmbnjaq.33235884","URL":"https://doi.org/10.71741/4pyxmbnjaq.33235884","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19413747","type":"article-journal","title":"A Systematic Review on Optimization and Intelligent Performance Enhancement of Solar and Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for Sustainable Development","abstract":"The rapid growth of renewable energy systems necessitates advanced optimization and intelligent control strategies to enhance efficiency, reliability, and sustainability. This systematic review analyses 23 research and review articles published between 2020 and 2024 focusing on solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, hybrid renewable systems, performance optimization, parameter tuning, multi-objective optimization, and intelligent methodologies. The review categorizes studies based on system configuration, optimization approach, and application objective. Results indicate a clear shift from conventional parameter tuning toward multi-objective evolutionary algorithms, AI-assisted modelling, and hybrid system integration. The study highlights research gaps in real-time adaptive optimization, integrated AI-BMS frameworks, and sustainability-driven design. The findings align with the conference theme by demonstrating how merging computational intelligence with renewable technologies drives sustainable energy development.","author":[{"family":"Patil","given":"Prajakta"},{"family":"Sutar","given":"Sushant"},{"family":"Solankar","given":"Tushar"},{"family":"Rode","given":"Vaibhav"},{"family":"Kumbhar","given":"Abhishek"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19413747","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19413747","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19413748","type":"article-journal","title":"A Systematic Review on Optimization and Intelligent Performance Enhancement of Solar and Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for Sustainable Development","abstract":"The rapid growth of renewable energy systems necessitates advanced optimization and intelligent control strategies to enhance efficiency, reliability, and sustainability. This systematic review analyses 23 research and review articles published between 2020 and 2024 focusing on solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, hybrid renewable systems, performance optimization, parameter tuning, multi-objective optimization, and intelligent methodologies. The review categorizes studies based on system configuration, optimization approach, and application objective. Results indicate a clear shift from conventional parameter tuning toward multi-objective evolutionary algorithms, AI-assisted modelling, and hybrid system integration. The study highlights research gaps in real-time adaptive optimization, integrated AI-BMS frameworks, and sustainability-driven design. The findings align with the conference theme by demonstrating how merging computational intelligence with renewable technologies drives sustainable energy development.","author":[{"family":"Patil","given":"Prajakta"},{"family":"Sutar","given":"Sushant"},{"family":"Solankar","given":"Tushar"},{"family":"Rode","given":"Vaibhav"},{"family":"Kumbhar","given":"Abhishek"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19413748","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19413748","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21610571","type":"article-journal","title":"From Green Transition to Local Tensions: Critical Mineral Extraction and Fragility in Resource-Rich States","abstract":"The rapid global expansion of clean energy technologies has intensified demand for critical minerals, specifically lithium, cobalt, nickel, copper, and rare earth elements, which are integral to renewable energy systems and battery storage. A significant proportion of these minerals are concentrated in fragile states characterised by weak governance, limited institutional capacity, and vulnerable communities. Research Question: How does the expansion of critical mineral extraction for green technologies drive displacement and socio-political instability in fragile states? Objective: This study examines the mechanisms through which global demand for critical minerals drives localised displacement in fragile states, and how such displacement translates into social grievance, resentment, and political instability.The study employs a structured narrative review methodology, drawing systematically on peer-reviewed literature and policy reports from the IEA, World Bank, IRENA, and OECD. Sources were selected using explicit inclusion criteria covering publications from 2014 to 2025. Thematic analysis was applied to organise findings across three analytical dimensions. Results: Evidence from the Democratic Republic of Congo and South America's Lithium Triangle demonstrates that accelerated mineral extraction in fragile regions consistently produces physical, economic, and environmental displacement. These processes generate compounding social grievances, particularly among youth and indigenous communities, that weaken institutional trust and heighten instability. Conclusion: Achieving an equitable green transition requires that the socio-political consequences of mineral extraction be treated as central governance challenges. Sustainable supply chain strategies must incorporate community consent, benefit-sharing mechanisms, and institutional strengthening in fragile state contexts.","author":[{"family":"Dr Furzana John Basha","given":"Bailah"},{"family":"Idris","given":"Usman"},{"family":"Peethambaram","given":"Selvamani"},{"family":"Goyal","given":"Radhika"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21610571","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21610571","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21610572","type":"article-journal","title":"From Green Transition to Local Tensions: Critical Mineral Extraction and Fragility in Resource-Rich States","abstract":"The rapid global expansion of clean energy technologies has intensified demand for critical minerals, specifically lithium, cobalt, nickel, copper, and rare earth elements, which are integral to renewable energy systems and battery storage. A significant proportion of these minerals are concentrated in fragile states characterised by weak governance, limited institutional capacity, and vulnerable communities. Research Question: How does the expansion of critical mineral extraction for green technologies drive displacement and socio-political instability in fragile states? Objective: This study examines the mechanisms through which global demand for critical minerals drives localised displacement in fragile states, and how such displacement translates into social grievance, resentment, and political instability.The study employs a structured narrative review methodology, drawing systematically on peer-reviewed literature and policy reports from the IEA, World Bank, IRENA, and OECD. Sources were selected using explicit inclusion criteria covering publications from 2014 to 2025. Thematic analysis was applied to organise findings across three analytical dimensions. Results: Evidence from the Democratic Republic of Congo and South America's Lithium Triangle demonstrates that accelerated mineral extraction in fragile regions consistently produces physical, economic, and environmental displacement. These processes generate compounding social grievances, particularly among youth and indigenous communities, that weaken institutional trust and heighten instability. Conclusion: Achieving an equitable green transition requires that the socio-political consequences of mineral extraction be treated as central governance challenges. Sustainable supply chain strategies must incorporate community consent, benefit-sharing mechanisms, and institutional strengthening in fragile state contexts.","author":[{"family":"Dr Furzana John Basha","given":"Bailah"},{"family":"Idris","given":"Usman"},{"family":"Peethambaram","given":"Selvamani"},{"family":"Goyal","given":"Radhika"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21610572","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21610572","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21507262","type":"article-journal","title":"SUSTAINABILITY AS A CATALYST FOR INDUSTRIAL GROWTH: ASSESSING GREEN MANUFACTURING PRACTICES IN EDO NORTH, EDO STATE, NIGERIA","abstract":"Manufacturing firms in Nigeria face mounting pressure from rising energy costs, environmental regulations, and global demand for sustainability. This study qualitatively investigates how GMPs influence the growth trajectories of manufacturing firms in Edo North, Edo State, Nigeria. Multiple case studies of 24 firms across lime stone and cement manufacturing, agro-processing, food processing, quarrying, sawmilling, fish processing, light fabrication, and packaging, among others, are used. Data were collected through interviews with firm leaders, site observations, and document reviews between September 2025 and March 2026. Green manufacturing practices serve as significant catalysts for firm growth in Edo North by reducing operational costs, improving quality, gaining regulatory and reputational benefits, and opening new market opportunities. However, the study concludes that the benefits of adopting green manufacturing are not evenly realized, largely because of contextual constraints in infrastructure, finance, technical capacity and regulatory environments. The government at all levels, especially the Edo State government, should provide tax rebates and low-interest green loans to manufacturers adopting energy-efficient machinery and renewable energy systems","author":[{"family":"Agbokaode","given":"Okenyi"},{"family":"Sunday","given":"Aduku"},{"family":"Bagudu","given":"Igbekele"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21507262","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21507262","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21507263","type":"article-journal","title":"SUSTAINABILITY AS A CATALYST FOR INDUSTRIAL GROWTH: ASSESSING GREEN MANUFACTURING PRACTICES IN EDO NORTH, EDO STATE, NIGERIA","abstract":"Manufacturing firms in Nigeria face mounting pressure from rising energy costs, environmental regulations, and global demand for sustainability. This study qualitatively investigates how GMPs influence the growth trajectories of manufacturing firms in Edo North, Edo State, Nigeria. Multiple case studies of 24 firms across lime stone and cement manufacturing, agro-processing, food processing, quarrying, sawmilling, fish processing, light fabrication, and packaging, among others, are used. Data were collected through interviews with firm leaders, site observations, and document reviews between September 2025 and March 2026. Green manufacturing practices serve as significant catalysts for firm growth in Edo North by reducing operational costs, improving quality, gaining regulatory and reputational benefits, and opening new market opportunities. However, the study concludes that the benefits of adopting green manufacturing are not evenly realized, largely because of contextual constraints in infrastructure, finance, technical capacity and regulatory environments. The government at all levels, especially the Edo State government, should provide tax rebates and low-interest green loans to manufacturers adopting energy-efficient machinery and renewable energy systems","author":[{"family":"Agbokaode","given":"Okenyi"},{"family":"Sunday","given":"Aduku"},{"family":"Bagudu","given":"Igbekele"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21507263","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21507263","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21644193","type":"article-journal","title":"PLANtoACT Task 2.1: Energy system data collection and validation for pilot areas of PLANtoACT project","abstract":"This repository presents the results of the data assembly carried out within Work Package 2 (WP2, Task 2.1) of the PLANtoACT project. PLANtoACT is a LIFE Programme–funded project (October 2025–September 2028) that develops, tests, and promotes a stakeholder-driven, spatially detailed integrated energy planning approach to help European Local and Regional Authorities move from clean energy transition targets to coordinated, financed, and implementable action. Scope of the data assembly The data assembly documents the energy profiles of the five pilot regions of the project: Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (France), Lombardia (Italy), Alba County (Romania), Oberland (Germany), and the Porto Metropolitan Area (Portugal); and of fifteen pilot cities/municipalities, three within each region. Data collection methodology and validation Data were requested from the respective pilot partners through a standardized data collection template, this way ensuring the inclusion of region-specific and locally validated information. In parallel, the project team carried out an independent data collection at the regional level, following the same template and relying exclusively on publicly available sources. The deviation between the two sets of data points was then calculated, allowing the results obtained from open sources to be compared against, and validated with, those collected locally by project partners. This approach allowed to assess the completeness and correctness of open data, as well as highlight any inconsistencies in the partners’ datasets. Besides the data collected for the study areas, the repository provides a datasets catalogue, covering building stock, land use, energy use, transport, climate, economics, and others. The aim of this catalogue is to assist regions and municipalities, both pilot partners within the project and other regions/municipalities interested in replicating the proposed methodology, in identifying and accessing open data that can be further utilized for the development of CET plans. Repository contents The repository is organized into four components: 1. Datasets catalogue: a comprehensive list of datasets to support the data collection process. 2. Energy data regions: filled templates for each pilot region containing data on energy production and consumption; a dataset containing data points collected for five pilot regions in parallel with the partners and their deviations. 3. Energy data cities/municipalities: filled templates for 3 pilot cities/municipalities within each of pilot regions, including datapoints collected for the regional level with addition of district heating share. 4. Energy data templates: blank templates used for data collection in the PLANtoACT project, reusable for replicating the methodology. Template structure The template includes four thematic sheets: Final energy consumption, Electricity production, Thermal production, Mobility. Each sheet records the region, reference year, unit of measurement, data source, and methodological notes or assumptions. · Final energy consumption sections include: electricity; district heating; individual heating not connected to district heating systems; industrial consumption; and transport. · Electricity production includes electricity power plants, CHP plants, total electricity production and consumption, and storage. · Thermal production distinguishes between renewable sources, such as solar, biomass, biogas, geothermal, and heat pumps, and non-renewable sources, which are natural gas, oil, and coal; records energy generation, fuel consumption, installed capacity, and average efficiency, and total thermal production and consumption. · Mobility covers transport-related indicators, including number of vehicles and fuel consumption; includes rail, passenger cars, heavy and light trucks, and buses. Complementary data Alongside the energy data, the pilot partners provided hourly profiles describing the hourly variation of demand and production across the e","author":[{"family":"Shkirman","given":"Kseniia"},{"family":"Fraboni","given":"Riccardo"},{"family":"Pezzutto","given":"Simon"},{"family":"Prina","given":"Matteo"},{"family":"D'alonzo","given":"Valentina"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21644193","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21644193","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21644194","type":"article-journal","title":"PLANtoACT Task 2.1: Energy system data collection and validation for pilot areas of PLANtoACT project","abstract":"This repository presents the results of the data assembly carried out within Work Package 2 (WP2, Task 2.1) of the PLANtoACT project. PLANtoACT is a LIFE Programme–funded project (October 2025–September 2028) that develops, tests, and promotes a stakeholder-driven, spatially detailed integrated energy planning approach to help European Local and Regional Authorities move from clean energy transition targets to coordinated, financed, and implementable action. Scope of the data assembly The data assembly documents the energy profiles of the five pilot regions of the project: Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (France), Lombardia (Italy), Alba County (Romania), Oberland (Germany), and the Porto Metropolitan Area (Portugal); and of fifteen pilot cities/municipalities, three within each region. Data collection methodology and validation Data were requested from the respective pilot partners through a standardized data collection template, this way ensuring the inclusion of region-specific and locally validated information. In parallel, the project team carried out an independent data collection at the regional level, following the same template and relying exclusively on publicly available sources. The deviation between the two sets of data points was then calculated, allowing the results obtained from open sources to be compared against, and validated with, those collected locally by project partners. This approach allowed to assess the completeness and correctness of open data, as well as highlight any inconsistencies in the partners’ datasets. Besides the data collected for the study areas, the repository provides a datasets catalogue, covering building stock, land use, energy use, transport, climate, economics, and others. The aim of this catalogue is to assist regions and municipalities, both pilot partners within the project and other regions/municipalities interested in replicating the proposed methodology, in identifying and accessing open data that can be further utilized for the development of CET plans. Repository contents The repository is organized into four components: 1. Datasets catalogue: a comprehensive list of datasets to support the data collection process. 2. Energy data regions: filled templates for each pilot region containing data on energy production and consumption; a dataset containing data points collected for five pilot regions in parallel with the partners and their deviations. 3. Energy data cities/municipalities: filled templates for 3 pilot cities/municipalities within each of pilot regions, including datapoints collected for the regional level with addition of district heating share. 4. Energy data templates: blank templates used for data collection in the PLANtoACT project, reusable for replicating the methodology. Template structure The template includes four thematic sheets: Final energy consumption, Electricity production, Thermal production, Mobility. Each sheet records the region, reference year, unit of measurement, data source, and methodological notes or assumptions. · Final energy consumption sections include: electricity; district heating; individual heating not connected to district heating systems; industrial consumption; and transport. · Electricity production includes electricity power plants, CHP plants, total electricity production and consumption, and storage. · Thermal production distinguishes between renewable sources, such as solar, biomass, biogas, geothermal, and heat pumps, and non-renewable sources, which are natural gas, oil, and coal; records energy generation, fuel consumption, installed capacity, and average efficiency, and total thermal production and consumption. · Mobility covers transport-related indicators, including number of vehicles and fuel consumption; includes rail, passenger cars, heavy and light trucks, and buses. Complementary data Alongside the energy data, the pilot partners provided hourly profiles describing the hourly variation of demand and production across the e","author":[{"family":"Shkirman","given":"Kseniia"},{"family":"Fraboni","given":"Riccardo"},{"family":"Pezzutto","given":"Simon"},{"family":"Prina","given":"Matteo"},{"family":"D'alonzo","given":"Valentina"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21644194","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21644194","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2608.16238","type":"manuscript","title":"Optimizing Multi-Market Participation of Battery and Electrolyser Systems Based on Field Performance","abstract":"The increasing share of renewable energy in power systems creates a need for fast-response and flexible resources to maintain system stability. With the expansion of electricity markets and ancillary service products, opportunities arise to stack revenues across multiple services. Long-term Power-to-X (PTX) electrolysers and short-term battery energy storage systems (BESS) are prevalent flexible resources, yet most studies neglect real hardware behavior, such as ramp limits, efficiency, and setpoint-tracking accuracy. This work presents experimental and modeling results for a 55 kW/79 kWh BESS and an electrolyser comprising three 2.4 kW units. Key characteristics are identified through measurements and embedded into a price-driven optimization framework for participation in the Danish electricity and ancillary service markets, utilizing real market data from 2022 to 2025. The optimized daily profits for multi-market participation are 1,749.27 DKK and 289.46 DKK for the BESS and electrolyser, respectively. With the demonstrated business cases for BESS and PTX systems, this work highlights the importance of incorporating experimental performance when evaluating participation across multiple markets and years.","author":[{"family":"Zhao","given":"Chunyang"},{"family":"Trenchev","given":"Stoyan"},{"family":"You","given":"Shi"},{"family":"Træholt","given":"Chresten"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.48550/arxiv.2608.16238","URL":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.16238","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2608.14832","type":"manuscript","title":"Carbon reductions through optimized solar heat gain glass properties considering future climate and grid emissions: case study of Chicago's residential buildings","abstract":"Existing resources leave confusion over the benefits of high versus low Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) windows for energy performance in residential buildings retrofits in cold climates. Additionally, few studies have considered the impact of expected future climate conditions and time-variable grid emission rates on energy-related metrics. Utilizing the ResStock, residential building stock models from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), this study investigates retrofits increasing the SHGC of windows in Chicago, a cold US city. The results indicate that increasing window SHGC increases summer cooling needs; however, in most cases, this effect is more than offset by reduced winter heating needs. This balance is particularly beneficial considering the state's expected long-run marginal carbon emission rates. The study also examines the combined effects of high SHGC with improved window insulation values, demonstrating that such strategic window retrofits not only enhance overall building energy performance but also contribute to greater emission reductions. On average, the current Chicago residences (n = 4,826) save 4.6 % on heating and cooling carbon emissions by increasing the SHGC of the windows. If we assume that those homes are upgraded with heat pumps (electrification), a popular retrofit that reduces heating-related carbon emissions in particular, the increased window SHGC saves 2.5 % of long-run marginal carbon emissions. These results provide new insight into the carbon benefits of higher SHGC replacement windows in a cold climate. The benefits are significant, even considering future trends of a warming climate, higher demand grid emissions, and building electrification.","author":[{"family":"Lyu","given":"Yiwei"},{"family":"Xiang","given":"Jialiang"},{"family":"Samuelson","given":"Holly"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.48550/arxiv.2608.14832","URL":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.14832","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20808070","type":"article-journal","title":"YRD_PV_2025: the spatial distribution of solar photovoltaic installation dataset across the Yangtze River Delta, China in 2025","abstract":"Solar energy is the most common renewable energy source that is clean, safe, and inexhaustible. Photovoltaic (PV) technology utilizes solar panels to convert solar energy into electricity. The number of PV installations has rapidly increased worldwide. In this study, we employed the random forest classifier to detect potential PV areas on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, and then used the SAM_LoRA method on high-resolution satellite tile images for fine-grained extraction and boundary refinement of each PV, in the study area of Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region in 2025. Validation analysis revealed that the resulting dataset achieved an overall accuracy over 98%. \"YRD_PV_2025\" contains the specific location as well as the size of each PV installation across the Yangtze River Delta in 2025. It includes the location, size, and perimeter of each PV installation. It also specifies the province/municipality where each PV is installed and whether it is located in urban or rural areas. The dataset is delivered in “ESRI Shapefile” formats in WGS-84 coordinate system. The attributes table of the PV polygons includes the area (km²) and perimeter (km) of each PV, the name of province this PV locates, the major_type of each PV installation, the latitude and longitude coordinates of the centre point in each PV installation, as well as whether this PV is located in urban or rural areas (indicated by the urban field, where 1 represents urban and 0 represents rural). Users can employ our YRD_PV_2025 dataset in (1) analysing the spatial patterns of PV installation across the Yangtze River Delta and in different administrative provinces; (2) analysing the spatial patterns of PV installation over different land cover and land use types; (3) collecting PV samples to train a deep learning model; (4) estimating the generated electricity and carbon mitigation effect from solar PV; (5) evaluating the environmental impact of PV on hydrology and local climate.","author":[{"family":"Xie","given":"Yingyi"},{"family":"Deng","given":"Sijie"},{"family":"Liu","given":"Jing"},{"family":"Li","given":"Long"},{"family":"Yang","given":"Peiqi"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20808070","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20808070","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20808071","type":"article-journal","title":"YRD_PV_2025: the spatial distribution of solar photovoltaic installation dataset across the Yangtze River Delta, China in 2025","abstract":"Solar energy is the most common renewable energy source that is clean, safe, and inexhaustible. Photovoltaic (PV) technology utilizes solar panels to convert solar energy into electricity. The number of PV installations has rapidly increased worldwide. In this study, we employed the random forest classifier to detect potential PV areas on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, and then used the SAM_LoRA method on high-resolution satellite tile images for fine-grained extraction and boundary refinement of each PV, in the study area of Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region in 2025. Validation analysis revealed that the resulting dataset achieved an overall accuracy over 98%. \"YRD_PV_2025\" contains the specific location as well as the size of each PV installation across the Yangtze River Delta in 2025. It includes the location, size, and perimeter of each PV installation. It also specifies the province/municipality where each PV is installed and whether it is located in urban or rural areas. The dataset is delivered in “ESRI Shapefile” formats in WGS-84 coordinate system. The attributes table of the PV polygons includes the area (km²) and perimeter (km) of each PV, the name of province this PV locates, the major_type of each PV installation, the latitude and longitude coordinates of the centre point in each PV installation, as well as whether this PV is located in urban or rural areas (indicated by the urban field, where 1 represents urban and 0 represents rural). Users can employ our YRD_PV_2025 dataset in (1) analysing the spatial patterns of PV installation across the Yangtze River Delta and in different administrative provinces; (2) analysing the spatial patterns of PV installation over different land cover and land use types; (3) collecting PV samples to train a deep learning model; (4) estimating the generated electricity and carbon mitigation effect from solar PV; (5) evaluating the environmental impact of PV on hydrology and local climate.","author":[{"family":"Xie","given":"Yingyi"},{"family":"Deng","given":"Sijie"},{"family":"Liu","given":"Jing"},{"family":"Li","given":"Long"},{"family":"Yang","given":"Peiqi"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20808071","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20808071","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.71741/4pyxmbnjaq.33235884.v1","type":"article-journal","title":"Integrating non-conventional water resources and renewable energy solutions under WEFE framework for agricultural water management in Asia and Pacific region","abstract":"This working paper, prepared for the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN), explores the potential for integrating non-conventional water resources (NCWR) and renewable energy (RE) solutions into agricultural water management in the region of Asia-Pacific (RAP), using the Water-Energy-Food-Ecosystem (WEFE) nexus as a guiding framework. Agriculture accounts for over 90% of freshwater withdrawals in the region, significantly above the global average of 75% (Aryal et al. 2024). As population growth, urbanisation, climate change and groundwater extraction intensify competition for finite water resources, the region faces significant risks to food security, livelihoods, and ecosystem sustainability.","author":[{"family":"Carrard","given":"Naomi"},{"family":"Casey","given":"Leanne"},{"family":"Robinson","given":"Georgina"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.71741/4pyxmbnjaq.33235884.v1","URL":"https://doi.org/10.71741/4pyxmbnjaq.33235884.v1","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.21256/zhaw-35164","type":"article-journal","title":"Agrivoltaics can reduce political polarization and local opposition to solar energy on land","abstract":"As solar energy deployment on land intensifies, political polarization and local opposition increasingly challenge its social acceptance. We propose that agrivoltaics – a dual land-use technology that combines solar power generation with agricultural production – can help bridge ideological divides and reduce local opposition by minimizing land-use conflicts and offering additional benefits to rural communities. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a pre-registered, field-embedded experiment with a representative sample of 2,132 Swiss residents just prior to a national renewable energy referendum in June 2024. The study combined a personalized geolocated information treatment – highlighting the realistic local potential for agrivoltaics deployment – with a conjoint experiment varying key technology and project design attributes. We find that agrivoltaics garners broad public support across ideological groups and reduces local opposition, especially when projects are well integrated into agricultural landscapes, do not significantly reduce agricultural yields, and are locally owned. These findings underscore the importance of technology and project design in addressing local and right-leaning opposition to land-based solar energy.","author":[{"family":"Fesenfeld","given":"Lukas"},{"family":"Sistek","given":"Leon"},{"family":"Montfort","given":"Simon"},{"family":"Anderegg","given":"Dionis"},{"family":"Rohrer","given":"Jürg"},{"family":"Schmidt","given":"Tobias"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.21256/zhaw-35164","URL":"https://doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-35164","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.7910/dvn/zr8u7n","type":"article-journal","title":"Panel Dataset and Statistical Appendix: Fiscal Capacity as a Precondition for Carbon Taxation: Evidence from 83 Developing Countries","abstract":"This repository contains the panel dataset and statistical appendix for \"Fiscal Capacity as a Precondition for Carbon Taxation: Evidence from 83 Developing Countries,\" submitted to the Short Papers collection of International Tax and Public Finance (Springer). The dataset is an unbalanced panel of 83 developing countries covering 2006-2024, compiled from the World Bank's World Development Indicators (WDI). It includes four variables used in the paper's two-way fixed effects analysis: tax revenue (% of GDP), GDP per capita (constant 2015 USD), CO2 emissions per capita, and renewable energy consumption (% of total final energy). Also included is a statistical appendix documenting sample composition, descriptive statistics, correlation matrices, regression diagnostics (Breusch-Pagan, Durbin-Watson, VIF), and robustness checks referenced but not fully reported in the main text due to the short-paper word limit. Countries were included only if tax revenue data were available for at least one year; 21 countries with no tax revenue observations were excluded (listed in the dataset's Excluded_Countries sheet). Data were last accessed and cleaned in 2026.","author":[{"family":"Ismatullah","given":"Ismet"},{"family":"Himawan","given":"Irfan"},{"family":"Amal","given":"Muhammad"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.7910/dvn/zr8u7n","URL":"https://doi.org/10.7910/dvn/zr8u7n","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.25592/warnsignal.klima.landwirtschaft.22","type":"article-journal","title":"Landwirtschaftliche Treibhausgasemissionen: Ein Überblick","abstract":"Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Emissions - An Overview: This article provides an overview of greenhouse gas emissions from German agriculture and their broader role within the food system. In 2024, agriculture accounted for a significant share of national emissions, mainly driven by biological processes such as methane from livestock and nitrous oxide from fertilised soils. Additional emissions arise from drained peatlands, fossil energy use, and the wider food supply chain. While agriculture is a major emitter, it also contributes to climate mitigation through renewable energy production and innovation. The text highlights the complexity of emission accounting, including sectoral boundaries and global trade effects. It emphasises that meaningful emission reductions require both technological improvements and societal changes, particularly in consumption patterns. Key mitigation strategies include improved efficiency, reduced livestock numbers, rewetting peatlands, and a shift toward more plant-based diets.","author":[{"family":"Lozán","given":"José"},{"family":"Auerswald","given":"Karl"},{"family":"Freibauer","given":"Annette"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.25592/warnsignal.klima.landwirtschaft.22","URL":"https://doi.org/10.25592/warnsignal.klima.landwirtschaft.22","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19658510","type":"article-journal","title":"Potential of Solar PV System in the Sustainable Empowerment of Rural Communities in Sarawak Malaysia","abstract":"Malaysia has introduced solar PV electrification to provide electricity to some deprived rural communities that cannot access the national grid. The government plans to explore renewable energy sources to generate electricity, under which Sarawak Energy has undertaken a solar electrification system to satisfy the demand for electricity in the rural communities in the state of Sarawak. These communities were using their generators due to the impracticability of connecting them to the conventional grid. To gather relevant information, a qualitative analysis approach and case study method were adopted to look at the potential social and economic impact of the Solar PV project on the rural people. Apart from the variations in the social and economic impacts of the project, the solar PV system is revealed as an ideal energy alternative for rural communities in Sarawak. The study found that the solar system in the communities brought more quality of life to the people. Moreover, the lights provided enhanced their economic lives as most people are engaged in petty trade, the selling of their produce, and improved the education of children in the remote areas. The level of energy provided makes it possible to extend their buying and selling activities into the night, which boosts their income level. The involvement of the people in solar electrification and the availability of electricity reduced the tendency of the youth to migrate to the urban centres. Potential of Solar PV System in the sustainable empowerment of rural communities in Sarawak, Malaysia. It is novel since the communities that were once using their generators due to the impracticability of connecting them to the conventional grid can now rely on solar PV system.","author":[{"family":"Mohammed","given":"Adam"},{"family":"Yusuf","given":"Adibah"},{"family":"Saidi","given":"Abdallah"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19658510","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19658510","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19658511","type":"article-journal","title":"Potential of Solar PV System in the Sustainable Empowerment of Rural Communities in Sarawak Malaysia","abstract":"Malaysia has introduced solar PV electrification to provide electricity to some deprived rural communities that cannot access the national grid. The government plans to explore renewable energy sources to generate electricity, under which Sarawak Energy has undertaken a solar electrification system to satisfy the demand for electricity in the rural communities in the state of Sarawak. These communities were using their generators due to the impracticability of connecting them to the conventional grid. To gather relevant information, a qualitative analysis approach and case study method were adopted to look at the potential social and economic impact of the Solar PV project on the rural people. Apart from the variations in the social and economic impacts of the project, the solar PV system is revealed as an ideal energy alternative for rural communities in Sarawak. The study found that the solar system in the communities brought more quality of life to the people. Moreover, the lights provided enhanced their economic lives as most people are engaged in petty trade, the selling of their produce, and improved the education of children in the remote areas. The level of energy provided makes it possible to extend their buying and selling activities into the night, which boosts their income level. The involvement of the people in solar electrification and the availability of electricity reduced the tendency of the youth to migrate to the urban centres. Potential of Solar PV System in the sustainable empowerment of rural communities in Sarawak, Malaysia. It is novel since the communities that were once using their generators due to the impracticability of connecting them to the conventional grid can now rely on solar PV system.","author":[{"family":"Mohammed","given":"Adam"},{"family":"Yusuf","given":"Adibah"},{"family":"Saidi","given":"Abdallah"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19658511","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19658511","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21332103","type":"article-journal","title":"Development and Performance Evaluation of A Solar-Powered Iot-Based cctv Surveillance System for Aviation Navigation Facilities","abstract":"The security of aviation navigation facilities is an essential aspect of maintaining the continuity and safety of air navigation services. However, remote navigation stations frequently encounter challenges related to limited electrical infrastructure and inadequate surveillance systems, increasing the risk of unauthorized access, equipment theft, and operational disruptions. This study aims to develop and evaluate a solar-powered Internet of Things (IoT)-based Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) surveillance system designed for remote Distance VHF Omnidirectional Range (DVOR) facilities operated by Air Navigation Indonesia. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE development model, consisting of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation stages. The developed system integrates photovoltaic panels, charge controllers, rechargeable batteries, mini uninterruptible power supply (UPS), Wi-Fi-enabled CCTV cameras, and smartphone-based remote monitoring applications. System performance was evaluated through functional testing, power supply stability assessment, battery backup testing, internet connectivity verification, and expert validation. Experimental results demonstrated that the prototype operated reliably under various weather conditions while maintaining uninterrupted surveillance during electrical outages. Expert validation indicated an average feasibility score of 94.45%, confirming that the developed system satisfies operational requirements for remote aviation surveillance. The proposed solution provides a cost-effective, environmentally sustainable, and scalable alternative for enhancing aviation security in locations where conventional electrical infrastructure is unavailable. Future studies should investigate long-term operational performance under different environmental conditions and integrate artificial intelligence for automated threat detection.","author":[{"family":"Irfan"},{"family":"Sukarwoto"},{"family":"Jaya","given":"Irwan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21332103","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21332103","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21332104","type":"article-journal","title":"Development and Performance Evaluation of A Solar-Powered Iot-Based cctv Surveillance System for Aviation Navigation Facilities","abstract":"The security of aviation navigation facilities is an essential aspect of maintaining the continuity and safety of air navigation services. However, remote navigation stations frequently encounter challenges related to limited electrical infrastructure and inadequate surveillance systems, increasing the risk of unauthorized access, equipment theft, and operational disruptions. This study aims to develop and evaluate a solar-powered Internet of Things (IoT)-based Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) surveillance system designed for remote Distance VHF Omnidirectional Range (DVOR) facilities operated by Air Navigation Indonesia. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE development model, consisting of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation stages. The developed system integrates photovoltaic panels, charge controllers, rechargeable batteries, mini uninterruptible power supply (UPS), Wi-Fi-enabled CCTV cameras, and smartphone-based remote monitoring applications. System performance was evaluated through functional testing, power supply stability assessment, battery backup testing, internet connectivity verification, and expert validation. Experimental results demonstrated that the prototype operated reliably under various weather conditions while maintaining uninterrupted surveillance during electrical outages. Expert validation indicated an average feasibility score of 94.45%, confirming that the developed system satisfies operational requirements for remote aviation surveillance. The proposed solution provides a cost-effective, environmentally sustainable, and scalable alternative for enhancing aviation security in locations where conventional electrical infrastructure is unavailable. Future studies should investigate long-term operational performance under different environmental conditions and integrate artificial intelligence for automated threat detection.","author":[{"family":"Irfan"},{"family":"Sukarwoto"},{"family":"Jaya","given":"Irwan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21332104","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21332104","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21579215","type":"article-journal","title":"Leveraging Advanced Electrical Engineering Technologies for Offshore Construction Support: A Conceptual Overview","abstract":"Offshore construction presents unique challenges that demand innovative solutions to ensure project success and operational efficiency. This conceptual overview explores the transformative potential of advanced electrical engineering technologies in optimizing offshore construction support processes. The abstract highlights the integration of smart grid solutions, automation, control systems, and communication infrastructure to address key challenges faced in offshore projects. Traditional offshore construction methods often encounter limitations in power distribution, control systems, and communication networks, leading to inefficiencies and increased operational risks. However, recent advancements in electrical engineering offer promising opportunities for overcoming these challenges. This paper examines the role of advanced electrical engineering in enhancing power distribution and management through smart grid solutions and the integration of renewable energy sources. Additionally, it explores the implementation of automation and control systems, including robotics and AI-driven predictive maintenance, to streamline construction and maintenance tasks offshore. Furthermore, the paper discusses the importance of robust communication infrastructure, such as high-speed data transmission and cybersecurity measures, for real-time monitoring and control of offshore assets.Through case studies and examples, this overview showcases successful deployments of advanced electrical engineering technologies in recent offshore projects, emphasizing their impact on project outcomes and cost-effectiveness. Looking ahead, the paper offers insights into future developments and emerging trends in offshore construction support, highlighting the potential for collaboration and knowledge sharing among industry stakeholders.In conclusion, this conceptual overview underscores the critical role of advanced electrical engineering technologies in revolutionizing offshore construction support, paving the way for sustainable and efficient offshore energy production and infrastructure development.","author":[{"family":"Enow","given":"Ojong"},{"family":"Gbabo","given":"Ebimor"},{"family":"Ofoedu","given":"Andrew"},{"family":"Chima","given":"Possible"},{"family":"Adebowale","given":"Oluwapelumi"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21579215","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21579215","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21579216","type":"article-journal","title":"Leveraging Advanced Electrical Engineering Technologies for Offshore Construction Support: A Conceptual Overview","abstract":"Offshore construction presents unique challenges that demand innovative solutions to ensure project success and operational efficiency. This conceptual overview explores the transformative potential of advanced electrical engineering technologies in optimizing offshore construction support processes. The abstract highlights the integration of smart grid solutions, automation, control systems, and communication infrastructure to address key challenges faced in offshore projects. Traditional offshore construction methods often encounter limitations in power distribution, control systems, and communication networks, leading to inefficiencies and increased operational risks. However, recent advancements in electrical engineering offer promising opportunities for overcoming these challenges. This paper examines the role of advanced electrical engineering in enhancing power distribution and management through smart grid solutions and the integration of renewable energy sources. Additionally, it explores the implementation of automation and control systems, including robotics and AI-driven predictive maintenance, to streamline construction and maintenance tasks offshore. Furthermore, the paper discusses the importance of robust communication infrastructure, such as high-speed data transmission and cybersecurity measures, for real-time monitoring and control of offshore assets.Through case studies and examples, this overview showcases successful deployments of advanced electrical engineering technologies in recent offshore projects, emphasizing their impact on project outcomes and cost-effectiveness. Looking ahead, the paper offers insights into future developments and emerging trends in offshore construction support, highlighting the potential for collaboration and knowledge sharing among industry stakeholders.In conclusion, this conceptual overview underscores the critical role of advanced electrical engineering technologies in revolutionizing offshore construction support, paving the way for sustainable and efficient offshore energy production and infrastructure development.","author":[{"family":"Enow","given":"Ojong"},{"family":"Gbabo","given":"Ebimor"},{"family":"Ofoedu","given":"Andrew"},{"family":"Chima","given":"Possible"},{"family":"Adebowale","given":"Oluwapelumi"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21579216","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21579216","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21579651","type":"article-journal","title":"Solar Panel Cleaning Robot","abstract":"Solar energy is one of the most sustainable and widely used renewable energy sources. However, dust, dirt, and environmental pollutants accumulate on solar panels, significantly reducing their efficiency by up to 30-40%. Manual cleaning is labour-intensive, inefficient, and impractical for large-scale installations. This project presents an IoT-based Solar Panel Cleaner Robot that automates the cleaning process, ensuring maximum energy output. The system consists of a robotic cleaning mechanism, dust sensors, microcontroller-based control unit, and IoT integration. The dust sensor detects dirt accumulation, while a light sensor monitors power efficiency loss. When cleaning is required, the robotic system activates a motorized brush, air blower, or water sprayer, effectively removing dust. The entire process is controlled by an ESP32 microcontroller, which also sends real-time data to an IoT dashboard using Wi-Fi. Users can remotely monitor and control the system through a mobile app.","author":[{"family":"Washimkar","given":"SP"},{"family":"Gulhane","given":"Sharvari"},{"family":"Vaidya","given":"Ayush"},{"family":"Tidke","given":"Jyotiraditya"},{"family":"Kawade","given":"Devanshu"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21579651","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21579651","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21579652","type":"article-journal","title":"Solar Panel Cleaning Robot","abstract":"Solar energy is one of the most sustainable and widely used renewable energy sources. However, dust, dirt, and environmental pollutants accumulate on solar panels, significantly reducing their efficiency by up to 30-40%. Manual cleaning is labour-intensive, inefficient, and impractical for large-scale installations. This project presents an IoT-based Solar Panel Cleaner Robot that automates the cleaning process, ensuring maximum energy output. The system consists of a robotic cleaning mechanism, dust sensors, microcontroller-based control unit, and IoT integration. The dust sensor detects dirt accumulation, while a light sensor monitors power efficiency loss. When cleaning is required, the robotic system activates a motorized brush, air blower, or water sprayer, effectively removing dust. The entire process is controlled by an ESP32 microcontroller, which also sends real-time data to an IoT dashboard using Wi-Fi. Users can remotely monitor and control the system through a mobile app.","author":[{"family":"Washimkar","given":"SP"},{"family":"Gulhane","given":"Sharvari"},{"family":"Vaidya","given":"Ayush"},{"family":"Tidke","given":"Jyotiraditya"},{"family":"Kawade","given":"Devanshu"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21579652","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21579652","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21579519","type":"article-journal","title":"Developing Financial Inclusion Strategies through Technology and Policy to Improve Energy Access for Underserved Communities","abstract":"Access to affordable and reliable energy remains a significant challenge for underserved communities, particularly in developing regions. Financial constraints, lack of investment, and inadequate policy frameworks hinder the widespread adoption of modern energy solutions. This paper explores the role of financial inclusion strategies, driven by technology and policy interventions, in improving energy access for marginalized populations. By integrating digital financial services, decentralized energy systems, and innovative policy measures, this study proposes a comprehensive framework to bridge the energy gap. The proposed framework focuses on leveraging financial technology (FinTech), mobile banking, and blockchain-based microfinancing to enhance accessibility to clean energy solutions. Digital payment platforms and mobile-based credit scoring models facilitate microloans for renewable energy adoption, empowering low-income households and small enterprises. Blockchain technology ensures transparency, security, and accountability in financial transactions, reducing the risks of fraud and inefficiencies in energy financing. Policy interventions play a crucial role in fostering financial inclusion and energy accessibility. Targeted subsidies, regulatory reforms, and public-private partnerships are essential for creating an enabling environment. Governments and financial institutions must collaborate to design policies that incentivize investment in decentralized energy projects, such as mini-grids and off-grid solar solutions. Additionally, carbon credit markets and green bonds can provide sustainable financing mechanisms for long-term energy development. A case study analysis highlights successful implementations of technology-driven financial inclusion models in regions with limited energy access. Results demonstrate that integrating mobile financial services and decentralized energy solutions leads to increased energy affordability, economic empowerment, and improved quality of life. The findings underscore the need for a multi-stakeholder approach, combining technological innovation, policy support, and community engagement to drive sustainable energy inclusion. This study contributes to the discourse on financial inclusion and energy sustainability by proposing a data-driven and policy-oriented approach. Future research should explore the scalability of digital financial services in emerging markets and the long-term impact of financial inclusion strategies on energy equity.","author":[{"family":"Chukwuma-Eke","given":"Ezinne"},{"family":"Ogunsola","given":"Olakojo"},{"family":"Isibor","given":"Ngozi"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21579519","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21579519","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21579520","type":"article-journal","title":"Developing Financial Inclusion Strategies through Technology and Policy to Improve Energy Access for Underserved Communities","abstract":"Access to affordable and reliable energy remains a significant challenge for underserved communities, particularly in developing regions. Financial constraints, lack of investment, and inadequate policy frameworks hinder the widespread adoption of modern energy solutions. This paper explores the role of financial inclusion strategies, driven by technology and policy interventions, in improving energy access for marginalized populations. By integrating digital financial services, decentralized energy systems, and innovative policy measures, this study proposes a comprehensive framework to bridge the energy gap. The proposed framework focuses on leveraging financial technology (FinTech), mobile banking, and blockchain-based microfinancing to enhance accessibility to clean energy solutions. Digital payment platforms and mobile-based credit scoring models facilitate microloans for renewable energy adoption, empowering low-income households and small enterprises. Blockchain technology ensures transparency, security, and accountability in financial transactions, reducing the risks of fraud and inefficiencies in energy financing. Policy interventions play a crucial role in fostering financial inclusion and energy accessibility. Targeted subsidies, regulatory reforms, and public-private partnerships are essential for creating an enabling environment. Governments and financial institutions must collaborate to design policies that incentivize investment in decentralized energy projects, such as mini-grids and off-grid solar solutions. Additionally, carbon credit markets and green bonds can provide sustainable financing mechanisms for long-term energy development. A case study analysis highlights successful implementations of technology-driven financial inclusion models in regions with limited energy access. Results demonstrate that integrating mobile financial services and decentralized energy solutions leads to increased energy affordability, economic empowerment, and improved quality of life. The findings underscore the need for a multi-stakeholder approach, combining technological innovation, policy support, and community engagement to drive sustainable energy inclusion. This study contributes to the discourse on financial inclusion and energy sustainability by proposing a data-driven and policy-oriented approach. Future research should explore the scalability of digital financial services in emerging markets and the long-term impact of financial inclusion strategies on energy equity.","author":[{"family":"Chukwuma-Eke","given":"Ezinne"},{"family":"Ogunsola","given":"Olakojo"},{"family":"Isibor","given":"Ngozi"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21579520","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21579520","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21578111","type":"article-journal","title":"Chemistry's Contribution to Viksit Bharat 2047 through Scientific Innovation in Arunachal Pradesh","abstract":"Chemistry will play a crucial role in India's goal of achieving a \"Viksit Bharat\" (a developed India) by 2047. Arunachal Pradesh, with its hydroelectric potential and biodiversity, could contribute significantly to achieving the national goal. Move forward with a bold commitment, erase every sign of a colonial attitude, and take pride in our roots, unity and solidarity, and citizen obligations. These are the Panch Pran's five resolutions for New India. Arunachal Pradesh can establish an industry centred around indigenous herbal remedies by leveraging its chemical expertise. Sustainable chemistry employs waste management, energy efficiency, renewable feedstocks, and non-toxic end products to mitigate environmental harm. Conventional chemistry results in industrial waste, plastic and polymer contamination, as well as air and water pollution. Cost, insufficient awareness, inadequate infrastructure, and regulatory shortcomings impede the broader use of green chemistry alternatives. Chemistry is fundamental to healthcare, pharmaceutical development, diagnostics, and vaccine formulation. Local production and the mitigation of health disparities in Arunachal Pradesh necessitate the application of green chemistry. Advocating for biofuels and solar photovoltaics can establish Arunachal Pradesh as a paradigm of sustainable energy. Regional chemical industries can enhance self-sufficiency and industrial development. Locally led chemistry-based development in Arunachal Pradesh can help India become just, inclusive, and ecologically secure by promoting sustainable practices, enhancing local economies, and ensuring equitable access to resources for all communities.","author":[{"family":"Nyori","given":"Yumi"},{"family":"Tada","given":"Toku"},{"family":"Yomgam","given":"Pokjum"},{"family":"Libang","given":"Enuk"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21578111","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21578111","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21578112","type":"article-journal","title":"Chemistry's Contribution to Viksit Bharat 2047 through Scientific Innovation in Arunachal Pradesh","abstract":"Chemistry will play a crucial role in India's goal of achieving a \"Viksit Bharat\" (a developed India) by 2047. Arunachal Pradesh, with its hydroelectric potential and biodiversity, could contribute significantly to achieving the national goal. Move forward with a bold commitment, erase every sign of a colonial attitude, and take pride in our roots, unity and solidarity, and citizen obligations. These are the Panch Pran's five resolutions for New India. Arunachal Pradesh can establish an industry centred around indigenous herbal remedies by leveraging its chemical expertise. Sustainable chemistry employs waste management, energy efficiency, renewable feedstocks, and non-toxic end products to mitigate environmental harm. Conventional chemistry results in industrial waste, plastic and polymer contamination, as well as air and water pollution. Cost, insufficient awareness, inadequate infrastructure, and regulatory shortcomings impede the broader use of green chemistry alternatives. Chemistry is fundamental to healthcare, pharmaceutical development, diagnostics, and vaccine formulation. Local production and the mitigation of health disparities in Arunachal Pradesh necessitate the application of green chemistry. Advocating for biofuels and solar photovoltaics can establish Arunachal Pradesh as a paradigm of sustainable energy. Regional chemical industries can enhance self-sufficiency and industrial development. Locally led chemistry-based development in Arunachal Pradesh can help India become just, inclusive, and ecologically secure by promoting sustainable practices, enhancing local economies, and ensuring equitable access to resources for all communities.","author":[{"family":"Nyori","given":"Yumi"},{"family":"Tada","given":"Toku"},{"family":"Yomgam","given":"Pokjum"},{"family":"Libang","given":"Enuk"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21578112","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21578112","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21578367","type":"article-journal","title":"Development of a Solar-Powered Wireless Power Transfer System for Electric Vehicle Charging","abstract":"The rapid growth of electric vehicles has created an increasing demand for efficient and sustainable charging technologies. Conventional plug-in charging methods require physical connectors, which may lead to safety concerns, cable wear, and limited charging convenience. Wireless power transfer technology has emerged as a promising solution for electric vehicle charging by enabling contactless energy transmission between the charging station and the vehicle. At the same time, integrating renewable energy sources such as solar power with wireless charging systems can further enhance sustainability and reduce dependence on conventional electrical grids. This paper presents the design and performance evaluation of a solar powered wireless charging system for electric vehicles. The proposed system utilizes a photovoltaic panel as the primary energy source, which converts solar radiation into electrical energy. The generated electrical power is regulated and supplied to a wireless power transmission unit consisting of a transmitter coil and a receiver coil. Energy is transferred through inductive coupling between the two coils and is then used to charge the electric vehicle battery through a power conditioning circuit. A prototype system was developed using a photovoltaic module, power regulation circuit, wireless transmitter and receiver coils, and a rechargeable battery unit. Experimental investigations were carried out to evaluate the performance of the system under different operating conditions, including variations in solar power availability and coil separation distance. The results show that the proposed system is capable of delivering stable wireless charging with reasonable efficiency for short transmission distances. The efficiency of power transfer decreases with increasing coil distance due to reduced magnetic coupling, while the solar output power varies depending on solar irradiance. The experimental results demonstrate that the integration of solar energy with wireless power transfer can provide an environmentally friendly and convenient charging solution for electric vehicles. The proposed system offers potential applications in smart parking infrastructure, autonomous charging stations, and a sustainable transportation system","author":[{"family":"Dukare","given":"Vaishnavi"},{"family":"Pagar","given":"Sneha"},{"family":"Shaikh","given":"Saima"},{"family":"Sonawane","given":"Nitin"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21578367","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21578367","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21578368","type":"article-journal","title":"Development of a Solar-Powered Wireless Power Transfer System for Electric Vehicle Charging","abstract":"The rapid growth of electric vehicles has created an increasing demand for efficient and sustainable charging technologies. Conventional plug-in charging methods require physical connectors, which may lead to safety concerns, cable wear, and limited charging convenience. Wireless power transfer technology has emerged as a promising solution for electric vehicle charging by enabling contactless energy transmission between the charging station and the vehicle. At the same time, integrating renewable energy sources such as solar power with wireless charging systems can further enhance sustainability and reduce dependence on conventional electrical grids. This paper presents the design and performance evaluation of a solar powered wireless charging system for electric vehicles. The proposed system utilizes a photovoltaic panel as the primary energy source, which converts solar radiation into electrical energy. The generated electrical power is regulated and supplied to a wireless power transmission unit consisting of a transmitter coil and a receiver coil. Energy is transferred through inductive coupling between the two coils and is then used to charge the electric vehicle battery through a power conditioning circuit. A prototype system was developed using a photovoltaic module, power regulation circuit, wireless transmitter and receiver coils, and a rechargeable battery unit. Experimental investigations were carried out to evaluate the performance of the system under different operating conditions, including variations in solar power availability and coil separation distance. The results show that the proposed system is capable of delivering stable wireless charging with reasonable efficiency for short transmission distances. The efficiency of power transfer decreases with increasing coil distance due to reduced magnetic coupling, while the solar output power varies depending on solar irradiance. The experimental results demonstrate that the integration of solar energy with wireless power transfer can provide an environmentally friendly and convenient charging solution for electric vehicles. The proposed system offers potential applications in smart parking infrastructure, autonomous charging stations, and a sustainable transportation system","author":[{"family":"Dukare","given":"Vaishnavi"},{"family":"Pagar","given":"Sneha"},{"family":"Shaikh","given":"Saima"},{"family":"Sonawane","given":"Nitin"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21578368","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21578368","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21578227","type":"article-journal","title":"Dynamic Reporting Frameworks for Enhancing Investor Confidence in Renewable Infrastructure Portfolios","abstract":"The accelerating growth of renewable infrastructure investments has intensified the need for transparent, standardized, and dynamic reporting systems that can foster investor confidence and accountability. Traditional static reporting models often fail to capture the evolving performance dynamics of renewable assets, creating uncertainty for both internal managers and external stakeholders. This paper explores the development of a dynamic reporting framework that integrates standardized key performance indicators (KPIs) with interactive dashboard technologies to enhance visibility across operational, financial, and environmental dimensions. Drawing from contemporary practices in sustainable finance and digital analytics, the discussion highlights how harmonized KPIs enable comparability, improve decision quality, and strengthen trust in portfolio performance disclosures. The study also examines how digital visualization tools, real-time data feeds, and predictive analytics can transform investor engagement by translating complex data into actionable insights. Finally, the paper underscores the strategic role of regulatory alignment, interoperability, and emerging technologies such as AI and blockchain in shaping future transparency frameworks within the renewable energy investment landscape.","author":[{"family":"Ilesanmi","given":"Mosunmola"},{"family":"Raphael","given":"Favour"},{"family":"Oyekan","given":"Mofeoluwa"},{"family":"Enyejo","given":"Lawrence"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21578227","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21578227","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20100864","type":"article-journal","title":"Memorias del 2° Congreso Transnacional de Sostenibilidad y Desarrollo Local en la Península de Yucatán Edición revisada y ampliada 2025","abstract":"Memorias del 2° Congreso Transnacional de Sostenibilidad y Desarrollo Local en la Península de Yucatán reúne contribuciones académicas y científicas derivadas del congreso internacional celebrado en modalidad virtual durante 2023, orientado al análisis interdisciplinario de la sustentabilidad, la transición energética, el desarrollo local, el patrimonio natural y cultural, la gobernanza territorial y los procesos de innovación social en contextos regionales y globales. La presente edición revisada y ampliada 2025 integra una reorganización editorial y académica de las memorias originales, incorporando una nueva estructura institucional, actualización de metadatos, normalización editorial y consolidación bajo el sello de Open Heritage Press. El volumen reúne investigaciones, conferencias magistrales y trabajos de divulgación científica desarrollados por especialistas, investigadores y profesionales provenientes de México, Europa, América Latina, Estados Unidos, Australia, Marruecos y otras regiones del mundo. Las contribuciones incluidas abordan temas relacionados con energías renovables, sustentabilidad energética, gobernanza integral, inteligencia artificial, patrimonio cultural, arqueología, justicia energética, movilidad sustentable, comunidades rurales, desarrollo territorial, eficiencia energética y cambio climático, promoviendo un diálogo transdisciplinario orientado a la construcción de modelos de desarrollo socialmente incluyentes y ambientalmente sostenibles. Proceedings of the 2nd Transnational Congress on Sustainability and Local Development in the Yucatán Peninsula brings together academic and scientific contributions derived from the international congress held virtually in 2023, focused on the interdisciplinary analysis of sustainability, energy transition, local development, natural and cultural heritage, territorial governance, and social innovation processes in regional and global contexts. This revised and expanded 2025 edition incorporates an editorial and academic reorganization of the original proceedings, including a new institutional structure, updated metadata, editorial standardization, and consolidation under the Open Heritage Press publishing label. The volume includes research papers, keynote lectures, and scientific dissemination works developed by scholars, researchers, and professionals from Mexico, Europe, Latin America, the United States, Australia, Morocco, and other regions of the world. The contributions address topics related to renewable energy, energy sustainability, integral governance, artificial intelligence, cultural heritage, archaeology, energy justice, sustainable mobility, rural communities, territorial development, energy efficiency, and climate change, fostering a transdisciplinary dialogue aimed at building socially inclusive and environmentally sustainable development models.","author":[{"family":"Rasikh","given":"Tariq"},{"family":"El Mekaoui","given":"Amina"},{"family":"Alí","given":"Bassam"},{"family":"Herrera","given":"José"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20100864","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20100864","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20100865","type":"article-journal","title":"Memorias del 2° Congreso Transnacional de Sostenibilidad y Desarrollo Local en la Península de Yucatán Edición revisada y ampliada 2025","abstract":"Memorias del 2° Congreso Transnacional de Sostenibilidad y Desarrollo Local en la Península de Yucatán reúne contribuciones académicas y científicas derivadas del congreso internacional celebrado en modalidad virtual durante 2023, orientado al análisis interdisciplinario de la sustentabilidad, la transición energética, el desarrollo local, el patrimonio natural y cultural, la gobernanza territorial y los procesos de innovación social en contextos regionales y globales. La presente edición revisada y ampliada 2025 integra una reorganización editorial y académica de las memorias originales, incorporando una nueva estructura institucional, actualización de metadatos, normalización editorial y consolidación bajo el sello de Open Heritage Press. El volumen reúne investigaciones, conferencias magistrales y trabajos de divulgación científica desarrollados por especialistas, investigadores y profesionales provenientes de México, Europa, América Latina, Estados Unidos, Australia, Marruecos y otras regiones del mundo. Las contribuciones incluidas abordan temas relacionados con energías renovables, sustentabilidad energética, gobernanza integral, inteligencia artificial, patrimonio cultural, arqueología, justicia energética, movilidad sustentable, comunidades rurales, desarrollo territorial, eficiencia energética y cambio climático, promoviendo un diálogo transdisciplinario orientado a la construcción de modelos de desarrollo socialmente incluyentes y ambientalmente sostenibles. Proceedings of the 2nd Transnational Congress on Sustainability and Local Development in the Yucatán Peninsula brings together academic and scientific contributions derived from the international congress held virtually in 2023, focused on the interdisciplinary analysis of sustainability, energy transition, local development, natural and cultural heritage, territorial governance, and social innovation processes in regional and global contexts. This revised and expanded 2025 edition incorporates an editorial and academic reorganization of the original proceedings, including a new institutional structure, updated metadata, editorial standardization, and consolidation under the Open Heritage Press publishing label. The volume includes research papers, keynote lectures, and scientific dissemination works developed by scholars, researchers, and professionals from Mexico, Europe, Latin America, the United States, Australia, Morocco, and other regions of the world. The contributions address topics related to renewable energy, energy sustainability, integral governance, artificial intelligence, cultural heritage, archaeology, energy justice, sustainable mobility, rural communities, territorial development, energy efficiency, and climate change, fostering a transdisciplinary dialogue aimed at building socially inclusive and environmentally sustainable development models.","author":[{"family":"Rasikh","given":"Tariq"},{"family":"El Mekaoui","given":"Amina"},{"family":"Alí","given":"Bassam"},{"family":"Herrera","given":"José"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20100865","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20100865","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21578228","type":"article-journal","title":"Dynamic Reporting Frameworks for Enhancing Investor Confidence in Renewable Infrastructure Portfolios","abstract":"The accelerating growth of renewable infrastructure investments has intensified the need for transparent, standardized, and dynamic reporting systems that can foster investor confidence and accountability. Traditional static reporting models often fail to capture the evolving performance dynamics of renewable assets, creating uncertainty for both internal managers and external stakeholders. This paper explores the development of a dynamic reporting framework that integrates standardized key performance indicators (KPIs) with interactive dashboard technologies to enhance visibility across operational, financial, and environmental dimensions. Drawing from contemporary practices in sustainable finance and digital analytics, the discussion highlights how harmonized KPIs enable comparability, improve decision quality, and strengthen trust in portfolio performance disclosures. The study also examines how digital visualization tools, real-time data feeds, and predictive analytics can transform investor engagement by translating complex data into actionable insights. Finally, the paper underscores the strategic role of regulatory alignment, interoperability, and emerging technologies such as AI and blockchain in shaping future transparency frameworks within the renewable energy investment landscape.","author":[{"family":"Ilesanmi","given":"Mosunmola"},{"family":"Raphael","given":"Favour"},{"family":"Oyekan","given":"Mofeoluwa"},{"family":"Enyejo","given":"Lawrence"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21578228","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21578228","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.34734/fzj-2026-02581","type":"article-journal","title":"A new era in solar fuels: a battery pushes PV-driven CO 2 reduction beyond its limits","abstract":"Photovoltaic (PV) technologies are central to renewable energy generation, yet their intermittent output limits efficient utilization and grid integration. Coupling PV with short- and long-term energy storage at the earliest stage of electricity generation is an attractive but challenging strategy for stabilizing PV output. Using batteries is a feasible way to cover short-term PV output variations. For longer, seasonal variations, an electrochemical (EC) pathway to produce fuels and chemicals is a promising solution. Here, we demonstrate a self-sufficient directly coupled hybrid PV-battery-electrochemical CO2 reduction (PV-B-EC) system that autonomously and continuously converts PV energy to fuels under realistic daily irradiance and temperature variations. In comparison with a directly coupled PV-EC reference, the PV-B-EC storage combination is capable of covering timescales ranging from seconds to years. This is achieved while operating efficiently without the need for control electronics. Furthermore, the PV-B-EC combination stabilises the CO2 reduction process by minimising power peaks. In our experiment, the system with a battery achieved near-ideal energy coupling efficiency (0.99 vs. 0.96), higher electrochemical voltage efficiency (57.8% vs. 47%), and a 2.3%abs. increase in solar-to-chemical efficiency, exceeding even the theoretical limit of the equivalent reference PV-EC system. These results validate a previously predicted synergistic efficiency enhancement arising from the redistribution of photovoltaic energy through the battery. Implications of the power input stabilization provided by the battery on the Ag catalyst structure are studied in a dedicated experiment involving scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) in combination with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and 4D-STEM analyses. For the tested voltage profiles, no discernible differences in microstructural features were observed between the PV-B-EC and PV-EC reference systems. The findings demonstrate that the simple addition of a Li-ion battery substantially enhances the PV-to-fuel efficiency under realistic field conditions, offering a simple and scalable route towards stable and efficient solar-driven CO2 conversion.","author":[{"family":"Cibaka","given":"Thérèse"},{"family":"Merdzhanova","given":"Tsvetelina"},{"family":"Astakhov","given":"Oleksandr"},{"family":"Zandonella","given":"Robert"},{"family":"Shcherbachenko","given":"Sergey"},{"family":"Paciok","given":"Paul"},{"family":"Heggen","given":"Marc"},{"family":"Dunin-Borkowski","given":"Rafal"},{"family":"Brabec","given":"Christoph"},{"family":"Strasser","given":"Peter"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.34734/fzj-2026-02581","URL":"https://doi.org/10.34734/fzj-2026-02581","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.34734/fzj-2025-03932","type":"article-journal","title":"Persistent CO 2 Reduction Performance of an Ag Nanoparticle Gas Diffusion Electrode in Realistic Dynamic PV-Driven Operation","abstract":"Progress in the development of CO2 reductioncatalysts has revealed more stable and selective options for solarfuel production. In most cases, the catalysts are tested under steady-state conditions. However, to become a reliable long-term storagesolution for renewable energy, particularly photovoltaics (PV), CO2electroreduction must tolerate power intermittency. Directcoupling of CO2 electrolyzers to PV devices enables carbonutilization and efficient energy storage but requires catalysts thatmaintain consistent performance under dynamic power input.Herein, we select an Ag nanoparticle gas diffusion cathode withstable CO production across a wide current density range. Thesystem, directly coupled to a hardware-emulated Si-PV moduleoperating under a realistic sunny day profile, achieves 96% energy coupling efficiency and reaches a cumulative solar-to-chemical(CO) efficiency of 8.8% in 1 day. This study demonstrates the potential of Ag-based cathodes for robust performance in variable PV-powered systems and introduces a novel test methodology that better reflects real-world PV-electrolyzer integration, therebyadvancing practical implementation of solar-driven CO2 reduction.","author":[{"family":"Cibaka","given":"Thérèse"},{"family":"Merdzhanova","given":"Tsvetelina"},{"family":"Astakhov","given":"Oleksandr"},{"family":"Shcherbachenko","given":"Sergey"},{"family":"Liu","given":"Guangxin"},{"family":"Pham","given":"Chuyen"},{"family":"Rau","given":"Uwe"},{"family":"Strasser","given":"Peter"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.34734/fzj-2025-03932","URL":"https://doi.org/10.34734/fzj-2025-03932","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21037791","type":"article-journal","title":"HydroPlan-CA — A Hydropower Decision Support System for Central Asia","abstract":"HydroPlan-CA is a web-based Decision Support Tool designed to support evidence-based planning for sustainable hydropower development in Central Asia. The tool has been developed within the EU-funded Horizon 2020 project Hydro4U, with the aim of improving access to relevant information in data-scarce regions. In many parts of Central Asia, the limited availability of reliable and harmonized data hampers informed decision-making in the hydropower sector. HydroPlan-CA addresses this challenge by integrating hydrological, technical, and environmental data into an interactive online Geographic Information System. By bringing together diverse datasets within a single platform, the tool is primarily intended as a first screening tool for hydropower-relevant decision support. At the same time, the data provided can also be used for other assessments related to freshwater resources. The technical documentation provided in this repository gives an overview of the datasets and tool functionalities. Access to the online tool HydroPlan-CA. Access the supplementary StoryMap. Note: HydroPlan-CA is optimized for use on desktop computers with larger screens. ___________________________________________________ The tool is linked to the following publications: De Keyser, J., Hayes, D. S., Marti, B., Siegfried, T., Seliger, C., Schwedhelm, H., Anarbekov, O., Gafurov, Z., López Fernández, R. M., Ramos Diez, I., Alapfy, B., Carey, J., Karimov, B., Karimov, E., Wagner, B., & Habersack, H. (2023). Integrating open-source datasets to analyze the transboundary water–food–energy–climate nexus in Central Asia. Water, 15(19), 3482. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15193482 De Keyser, J., Osuna Fuentes, P., Hayes, D. S., & Habersack, H. (2026). A review of hydropower in Central Asia: Past, present, and future. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 226(Part A), 116239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2025.116239 De Keyser, J., Seliger, C., Hayes, D. S., Schwedhelm, H., Osuna Fuentes, P., Carey, J. I., Siegfried, T., Marti, B., & Habersack, H. (2026). A regional-scale framework for assessing sustainable hydropower potential based on open-access data: The case of Central Asia. Applied Energy, 414, 127843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2026.127843","author":[{"family":"De Keyser","given":"Jan"},{"family":"Ries","given":"William"},{"family":"Seliger","given":"Carina"},{"family":"Carey","given":"Justine"},{"family":"Hayes","given":"Daniel"},{"family":"Arreaga Espin","given":"Joselyn"},{"family":"Habersack","given":"Helmut"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21037791","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21037791","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21037792","type":"article-journal","title":"HydroPlan-CA — A Hydropower Decision Support System for Central Asia","abstract":"HydroPlan-CA is a web-based Decision Support Tool designed to support evidence-based planning for sustainable hydropower development in Central Asia. The tool has been developed within the EU-funded Horizon 2020 project Hydro4U, with the aim of improving access to relevant information in data-scarce regions. In many parts of Central Asia, the limited availability of reliable and harmonized data hampers informed decision-making in the hydropower sector. HydroPlan-CA addresses this challenge by integrating hydrological, technical, and environmental data into an interactive online Geographic Information System. By bringing together diverse datasets within a single platform, the tool is primarily intended as a first screening tool for hydropower-relevant decision support. At the same time, the data provided can also be used for other assessments related to freshwater resources. The technical documentation provided in this repository gives an overview of the datasets and tool functionalities. Access to the online tool HydroPlan-CA. Access the supplementary StoryMap. Note: HydroPlan-CA is optimized for use on desktop computers with larger screens. ___________________________________________________ The tool is linked to the following publications: De Keyser, J., Hayes, D. S., Marti, B., Siegfried, T., Seliger, C., Schwedhelm, H., Anarbekov, O., Gafurov, Z., López Fernández, R. M., Ramos Diez, I., Alapfy, B., Carey, J., Karimov, B., Karimov, E., Wagner, B., & Habersack, H. (2023). Integrating open-source datasets to analyze the transboundary water–food–energy–climate nexus in Central Asia. Water, 15(19), 3482. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15193482 De Keyser, J., Osuna Fuentes, P., Hayes, D. S., & Habersack, H. (2026). A review of hydropower in Central Asia: Past, present, and future. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 226(Part A), 116239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2025.116239 De Keyser, J., Seliger, C., Hayes, D. S., Schwedhelm, H., Osuna Fuentes, P., Carey, J. I., Siegfried, T., Marti, B., & Habersack, H. (2026). A regional-scale framework for assessing sustainable hydropower potential based on open-access data: The case of Central Asia. Applied Energy, 414, 127843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2026.127843","author":[{"family":"De Keyser","given":"Jan"},{"family":"Ries","given":"William"},{"family":"Seliger","given":"Carina"},{"family":"Carey","given":"Justine"},{"family":"Hayes","given":"Daniel"},{"family":"Arreaga Espin","given":"Joselyn"},{"family":"Habersack","given":"Helmut"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21037792","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21037792","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22105274","type":"article-journal","title":"EVALUATION OF THE FINANCIAL EFFICIENCY OF RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS USING THE EXAMPLE OF A 20 kW SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PLANT","abstract":"The article evaluates the financial efficiency of a 20 kW class solar photovoltaic power plant installed in a parking structure on the territory of the National Research Institute of Renewable Energy Sources based on real operational data. The plant consists of 45 Green Sun Solar photovoltaic modules with a power of 410 W, and the total nominal DC power of the modules is 18.45 kWp. In January-July 2026, the plant generated 13,600 kWh of electricity. 100% of the generated energy was directed to cover the internal electricity consumption of the institute. The financial assessment used net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), and discounted payback period (DPP). The baseline calculation resulted in an NPV of 88.7 million soums, an IRR of 28.4%, an LCOE of 542 soums/kWh, and a discounted payback period of 4.75 years. The results showed that on-site consumption of the generated electricity is a cost-effective model for small-scale photovoltaic power plants.","author":[{"family":"O'g'li","given":"Shahzod"},{"family":"O'g'li","given":"Shomuzaffar"},{"family":"Centre","given":"Worldly"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22105274","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22105274","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22105273","type":"article-journal","title":"EVALUATION OF THE FINANCIAL EFFICIENCY OF RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS USING THE EXAMPLE OF A 20 kW SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PLANT","abstract":"The article evaluates the financial efficiency of a 20 kW class solar photovoltaic power plant installed in a parking structure on the territory of the National Research Institute of Renewable Energy Sources based on real operational data. The plant consists of 45 Green Sun Solar photovoltaic modules with a power of 410 W, and the total nominal DC power of the modules is 18.45 kWp. In January-July 2026, the plant generated 13,600 kWh of electricity. 100% of the generated energy was directed to cover the internal electricity consumption of the institute. The financial assessment used net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), and discounted payback period (DPP). The baseline calculation resulted in an NPV of 88.7 million soums, an IRR of 28.4%, an LCOE of 542 soums/kWh, and a discounted payback period of 4.75 years. The results showed that on-site consumption of the generated electricity is a cost-effective model for small-scale photovoltaic power plants.","author":[{"family":"O'g'li","given":"Shahzod"},{"family":"O'g'li","given":"Shomuzaffar"},{"family":"Centre","given":"Worldly"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22105273","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22105273","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2608.09406","type":"manuscript","title":"Life-Cycle Planning of Collector System for Deep-Sea Multi-Spatial Wind-PV-Tidal Farm","abstract":"This paper develops a life-cycle optimization model for the collector system (CS) of deep-sea co-located energy farms (CEFs), where co-located energy turbines (CETs) integrate wind, photovoltaic (PV), and tidal current resources across sea-area layers. The model captures multi-layer marine-space complementarity, wake effects, and output variability, while accommodating diverse dynamic submarine cable configurations. To improve computational efficiency, the adaptive piecewise linearization (A-PWL) method based on the outputs of CETs is proposed to transform the original mixed-integer quadratic programming (MIQP) problem into a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) form to approximate quadratic operation costs and simplify absolute power flow modeling. Case studies demonstrate that incorporating multi-energy complementarity significantly enhances the economic performance of deep-sea CEFs. When external physical risks are negligible, the fully-suspended cable configuration proves more cost-effective than the lazy-wave design. The proposed linearization method achieves high accuracy while significantly reducing solution time. Overall, this work provides a practical and scalable framework for efficient CS planning in offshore renewable energy systems.","author":[{"family":"Gao","given":"Wenhao"},{"family":"Xu","given":"Weitai"},{"family":"Du","given":"Yunfei"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Yongheng"},{"family":"Shen","given":"Xinwei"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.48550/arxiv.2608.09406","URL":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.09406","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2511.21269","type":"manuscript","title":"Response-Based Frequency Stability Assessment under Multi-Scale Disturbances in High-Renewable Power Systems","abstract":"In high-renewable power systems, active-power disturbances are becoming larger and exhibit increasingly diverse time scales, which complicates frequency stability assessment under unanticipated events. This paper presents a response-based frequency stability assessment method that uses disturbance power, inferred from generator electrical responses, to provide a unified treatment of multi-scale disturbances. Unanticipated disturbances are first classified into short-term and permanent events; permanent disturbances are further divided into step, second-level slope and minute-level slope disturbances. Based on the measured power responses of generator groups, a unified disturbance-power model is constructed to identify the disturbance type online and to quantify disturbance intensity through the disturbance power and its rate of change. Analytical frequency-response models are then derived for each disturbance class. For step disturbances, the maximum tolerable disturbance power is obtained under steady-state and transient frequency deviation constraints, and a safety-margin index is defined. For slope-type disturbances, an improved system frequency response (SFR) model and the rotor motion equation after exhaustion of primary frequency regulation are used to compute the over-limit time of frequency deviation. The proposed response-based assessment method is validated on the CSEE-FS frequency-stability benchmark system, demonstrating its effectiveness and accuracy for quantitative frequency stability assessment in high-renewable power systems.","author":[{"family":"Chen","given":"Jinhui"},{"family":"Sun","given":"Huadong"},{"family":"Wu","given":"Ping"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Baocai"},{"family":"Zhao","given":"Bing"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.48550/arxiv.2511.21269","URL":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2511.21269","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2608.21092","type":"manuscript","title":"Techno-Economic Analysis of Repurposing Abandoned Oil Wells for Geothermal Energy Extraction Using Physics-Informed Neural Networks","abstract":"To achieve net-zero targets by 2050, it is critical to diversify renewable energy. Hydropower, wind, and solar energy dominate; geothermal energy remains underutilized. Conventional Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) rely on hydraulic stimulation, which poses risks such as induced seismicity. To address this, Closed-Loop Geothermal Systems (CLGS) circulate working fluids in sealed tubing to avoid direct reservoir contact, making them a potential solution for repurposing idle oil wells without environmental hazards. This study developed a Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) to model the CLGS performance. Unlike traditional neural networks, PINN explicitly embeds governing physical equations into their learning processes, such as heat conduction and convection. This integration enabled the model to accurately predict the wellbore temperature and flow characteristics over a 25-year lifespan, even with sparse training data. The simulation results confirmed stable long-term predictions. When coupled with an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) model, the system yielded a thermodynamic efficiency of 9.5%. Crucially, several economic indicators (e.g., DPP, NPV, and LCOE) are conducted to evaluate the investment feasibility and economic potential of the proposed CLGS-based power generation system. This proposed framework provides a scalable, physics-consistent tool for evaluating both technical performance and economic returns, offering a robust pathway to accelerate geothermal adoption.","author":[{"family":"Lin","given":"Hung"},{"family":"Shih","given":"Kuan"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Lea"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.48550/arxiv.2608.21092","URL":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.21092","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.25673/124616","type":"article-journal","title":"Decarbonization of Central Asian Economies in the Context of Achieving net Zero Targets","abstract":"Achieving climate neutrality (Net Zero) has become a strategic priority for global climate stability and sustainable economic development. Central Asian countries, characterized by high dependence on fossil fuels and significant renewable energy potential, face both challenges and opportunities in the transition toward low-carbon economies. This study analyzes decarbonization prospects in Central Asia for the period 2026- 2050 using scenario-based and institutional approaches. Three development scenarios are examined: Business-as-Usual (BAU), Moderate Energy Transition, and Net Zero by 2050. The analysis evaluates CO₂ emission trajectories, changes in the regional energy mix, sectoral contributions to emission reduction, and institutional readiness for energy transition. The results show that the BAU scenario maintains a carbon- intensive development path and widens the gap between actual emissions and climate targets. The Moderate Transition scenario slows emission growth but remains insufficient to achieve climate neutrality. In contrast, the Net Zero scenario demonstrates the potential to reduce regional CO₂ emissions by 80-90% through large- scale renewable energy deployment, energy system modernization, and consistent institutional reforms. The findings further indicate that governance quality, regulatory frameworks, investment conditions, and monitoring systems are critical determinants of successful decarbonization. Without institutional transformation, the region's technical potential for emission reduction cannot be f ully realized. These results provide practical guidance for climate and energy policy development and support the design of long-term sustainable development and Net Zero transition strategies in Central Asia.","author":[{"family":"Mamasaliev","given":"Ortikjon"},{"family":"Zakhidova","given":"Diloramkhon"},{"family":"Akhmedov","given":"Usmonjon"},{"family":"Ziyodulla","given":"Khidirov"},{"family":"Egamova","given":"Malika"},{"family":"Khalid","given":"Summera"},{"family":"Murzakulov","given":"Nurkul"},{"family":"Kurbanov","given":"Hayotjon"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.25673/124616","URL":"https://doi.org/10.25673/124616","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2608.15977","type":"manuscript","title":"DER Allocation without Load Prediction via Reinforcement Learning","abstract":"The growing variability of renewable generation increases the need for fast and flexible grid-balancing mechanisms. Existing frameworks for distributed energy resource aggregations (DERAs) rely on short-term forecasts of net demand, making their performance highly sensitive to prediction errors. In this paper we present a forecast-free reinforcement learning (RL) framework for DERA allocation that learns optimal policies directly from operational data. We model the DERA dynamics as a deterministic linear system and the exogenous net load as a feature-based linear Markov process, capturing short-range temporal dependencies without explicit forecasting. We derive a closed-form expression for the optimal policy, which is learned through a least-squares value iteration (LSVI) algorithm using data collected across episodes. The proposed framework preserves the interpretability and constraint satisfaction of DER model while adapting to stochastic demand variations through data-driven updates. Numerical experiments on real California Independent System Operator (CAISO) net-demand data demonstrate that the learned controller achieves high tracking accuracy and stable regulation across heterogeneous DER aggregators without requiring any demand prediction.","author":[{"family":"Makdah","given":"Abed"},{"family":"Ramana","given":"Aravind"},{"family":"Zou","given":"Shaofeng"},{"family":"Kosut","given":"Oliver"},{"family":"Sankar","given":"Lalitha"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.48550/arxiv.2608.15977","URL":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.15977","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.24406/publica-8699","type":"article-journal","title":"The current state and future outlook of digitalization for the operation of district heating systems: A review","abstract":"In the transition toward a green energy system, district heating (DH) systems are pivotal in enhancing the flexibility, resilience, and capacity of integrating local and renewable energy sources in urban areas. District heating networks have traditionally been operated with limited controls to ensure the required supply and optimize economic and environmental performance. In recent years, a new digital infrastructure has emerged in response to new policies, and technological advancements in digital solutions are essential to sustain the tran sition towards a 4th generation district heating (4GDH) system. This review article comprehensively assesses the current landscape and future prospects of digitalization levels in the operation of DH systems. It provides an overview of the latest improvements in digital technologies and their application in optimizing the operation and management of DH networks. The review delves into various aspects, including digital control strategies, data analytics, fault detection and diagnosis, and predictive maintenance with current applications and developments of digital twins and artificial intelligence (AI). The analysis of results in the literature was organized and clus tered into specific macro areas: digitalization of the demand side, digitalization at the system level, and digi talization of infrastructure. Furthermore, the study provides an overview of digitalization implementations based on the experiences of early adopters as a benchmark for the replicability and opportunity of new business models.","author":[{"family":"Schmidt","given":"Dietrich"},{"family":"Yang","given":"Qinjiang"},{"family":"Vanhoudt","given":"Dirk"},{"family":"Widl","given":"Edmund"},{"family":"Langroudi","given":"Pakdad"},{"family":"Vallee","given":"Mathieu"},{"family":"Jallal","given":"Mohammed"},{"family":"Muschick","given":"Daniel"},{"family":"Gölles","given":"Markus"},{"family":"Kaisermayer","given":"Valentin"},{"family":"Tunzi","given":"Michele"},{"family":"Unav"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.24406/publica-8699","URL":"https://doi.org/10.24406/publica-8699","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2608.26111","type":"manuscript","title":"Large Models for Battery Prognostics and Health Management: A Review and Future Roadmap","abstract":"Battery Prognostics and Health Management (BPHM) is critical for ensuring the safe, reliable, and cost-effective operation of batteries across electric vehicles, grid storage, and consumer electronics. Conventional BPHM approaches, including physics-based models and task-centric deep learning methods, face challenges in computational efficiency and parameterization, cross-domain generalization, dependence on extensive labeled run-to-failure data, and model interpretability. Recent Large Models (LMs), built upon Transformer architectures and self-supervised pre-training, offer a transformative new paradigm to overcome these long-standing bottlenecks. This review provides the first comprehensive survey of LM applications in BPHM, systematically examining how these models address challenges in the field. We begin by elucidating the foundational technologies enabling LMs, including Transformer architectures, self-supervised learning, large-scale multimodal datasets, and PEFT techniques. We then categorize recent progress along four critical dimensions: mitigating data scarcity, enhancing generalization and robustness, integrating domain knowledge for interpretability, and enabling system-level automation. Despite promising results, significant challenges remain across data accessibility, intelligence validation, trustworthiness, and deployment feasibility. To guide future research, we propose a roadmap focused on building collaborative data ecosystems, validating intelligence for industrial applications, enhancing trustworthiness with physics-informed designs, and enabling efficient on-device deployment. This review establishes a systematic approach to understand and advance LM-driven BPHM, providing researchers and practitioners with essential insights for developing next-generation battery management systems capable of safe, reliable, and autonomous operation throughout battery lifecycles.","author":[{"family":"Liu","given":"Jiale"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Huan"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Weicheng"},{"family":"Zhu","given":"Rong"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Qiqi"},{"family":"Xie","given":"Min"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.48550/arxiv.2608.26111","URL":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.26111","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21579080","type":"article-journal","title":"Design High Efficiency Buck-Boost Converter Using MOSFET","abstract":"The rapid expansion of electric vehicles, renewable energy sources, and DC microgrids has heightened the demand for versatile power converters capable of bidirectional operation and high efficiency. This paper presents the design, implementation, and experimental validation of a MOSFET-based bidirectional buck–boost DC–DC converter, controlled by a PIC16F877A microcontroller. Leveraging low-RDS(on) power MOSFETs and opto-isolated gate drivers, the proposed system seamlessly transitions between buck and boost modes to manage energy flow between a low-voltage battery bank and variable DC sources. Detailed characterization in both simulation and hardware prototypes demonstrates peak efficiencies exceeding 95 %, low ripple, and rapid transient response — critical metrics for applications such as regenerative braking in electric vehicles, battery charge/discharge management, and renewable integration. To facilitate reproducibility and future enhancements, we outline the converter's topology, control algorithm, hardware and software requirements, and system architecture. A comprehensive literature review anchors our contributions within the field, comparing performance metrics against existing MOSFET- and IGBT-based bidirectional converters.","author":[{"family":"Makhare","given":"Pooja"},{"family":"Makhare","given":"Pooja"},{"family":"Ambi","given":"Prathamesh"},{"family":"Dhumal","given":"Sandip"},{"family":"Sr","given":"Udamale"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21579080","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21579080","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21579081","type":"article-journal","title":"Design High Efficiency Buck-Boost Converter Using MOSFET","abstract":"The rapid expansion of electric vehicles, renewable energy sources, and DC microgrids has heightened the demand for versatile power converters capable of bidirectional operation and high efficiency. This paper presents the design, implementation, and experimental validation of a MOSFET-based bidirectional buck–boost DC–DC converter, controlled by a PIC16F877A microcontroller. Leveraging low-RDS(on) power MOSFETs and opto-isolated gate drivers, the proposed system seamlessly transitions between buck and boost modes to manage energy flow between a low-voltage battery bank and variable DC sources. Detailed characterization in both simulation and hardware prototypes demonstrates peak efficiencies exceeding 95 %, low ripple, and rapid transient response — critical metrics for applications such as regenerative braking in electric vehicles, battery charge/discharge management, and renewable integration. To facilitate reproducibility and future enhancements, we outline the converter's topology, control algorithm, hardware and software requirements, and system architecture. A comprehensive literature review anchors our contributions within the field, comparing performance metrics against existing MOSFET- and IGBT-based bidirectional converters.","author":[{"family":"Makhare","given":"Pooja"},{"family":"Makhare","given":"Pooja"},{"family":"Ambi","given":"Prathamesh"},{"family":"Dhumal","given":"Sandip"},{"family":"Sr","given":"Udamale"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21579081","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21579081","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19466522","type":"article-journal","title":"Fuel-Grade Bioethanol Production: Process Strategies, Laboratory Evaluation, and Global Review","abstract":"Fuel-grade bioethanol has gained global significance as a renewable and sustainable alternative to fossil-derived petrol, owing to its potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, enhance energy security, and support climate action goals. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of bioethanol production process strategies with a focus on achieving fuel-grade ethanol quality, alongside a global perspective on major producing regions. Key stages of bioethanol production are examined, including feedstock selection, fermentation processes—commonly employing Saccharomyces cerevisiae—and downstream purification strategies such as multi-stage and fractional distillation. Special emphasis is placed on sugarcane-based bioethanol production, which dominates in countries like Brazil and India, while corn-based ethanol systems prevalent in the United States are also discussed. Process optimization approaches reported in laboratory- and industrial-scale studies demonstrate that extended fermentation and advanced distillation techniques significantly enhance ethanol recovery and purity. Analytical methods such as gas chromatography are widely utilized to assess ethanol quality, with near-azeotropic purities (~95–97%) being essential for ensuring blend stability, engine compatibility, and prevention of phase separation in ethanol–petrol blends. Overall, this review provides a clear understanding of fermentation- and distillation-based bioethanol production and its global relevance, supporting the role of bioethanol as a sustainable fuel option in current and future energy systems.","author":[{"family":"Koushik","given":"Avunuri"},{"family":"Boddu","given":"Rushvik"},{"family":"Nalikala","given":"Shruti"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19466522","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19466522","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19466523","type":"article-journal","title":"Fuel-Grade Bioethanol Production: Process Strategies, Laboratory Evaluation, and Global Review","abstract":"Fuel-grade bioethanol has gained global significance as a renewable and sustainable alternative to fossil-derived petrol, owing to its potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, enhance energy security, and support climate action goals. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of bioethanol production process strategies with a focus on achieving fuel-grade ethanol quality, alongside a global perspective on major producing regions. Key stages of bioethanol production are examined, including feedstock selection, fermentation processes—commonly employing Saccharomyces cerevisiae—and downstream purification strategies such as multi-stage and fractional distillation. Special emphasis is placed on sugarcane-based bioethanol production, which dominates in countries like Brazil and India, while corn-based ethanol systems prevalent in the United States are also discussed. Process optimization approaches reported in laboratory- and industrial-scale studies demonstrate that extended fermentation and advanced distillation techniques significantly enhance ethanol recovery and purity. Analytical methods such as gas chromatography are widely utilized to assess ethanol quality, with near-azeotropic purities (~95–97%) being essential for ensuring blend stability, engine compatibility, and prevention of phase separation in ethanol–petrol blends. Overall, this review provides a clear understanding of fermentation- and distillation-based bioethanol production and its global relevance, supporting the role of bioethanol as a sustainable fuel option in current and future energy systems.","author":[{"family":"Koushik","given":"Avunuri"},{"family":"Boddu","given":"Rushvik"},{"family":"Nalikala","given":"Shruti"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19466523","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19466523","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20962002","type":"article-journal","title":"Intelligent Power Infrastructure: A Structured Examination of Artificial Intelligence Techniques, Operational Challenges, and Evolutionary Pathways in Next-Generation Smart Grid Systems","abstract":"Abstract Global momentum toward intelligent power infrastructure is accelerating as electricity demand grows, renewable energy penetration deepens, and sustainability imperatives intensify. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies—encompassing machine learning, deep learning, reinforcement learning, expert systems, fuzzy logic, and hybrid frameworks—have become indispensable enablers of next-generation grid operations. These approaches support intelligent monitoring, accurate load and renewable-energy forecasting, autonomous fault detection, demand-response orchestration, and optimal distributed energy resource integration. Notwithstanding these advantages, practical deployment faces persistent barriers including cyber security vulnerabilities, data-privacy constraints, infrastructure investment costs, device interoperability deficits, and insufficient regulatory frameworks. This study presents a structured original review of AI-enabled smart grid architectures and operational paradigms, systematically evaluates capabilities and trade-offs of principal AI methods, analyzes prevailing challenges alongside viable mitigation strategies, quantifies documented operational benefits, and maps prospective technological trajectories—including edge AI, digital twins, explainable AI, block chain, and federated learning—toward autonomous grid operation. Findings indicate that strategic AI adoption is critical to achieving resilient, efficient, and low-carbon power systems for the future.","author":[{"family":"Gopinath","given":"K"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20962002","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20962002","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20962003","type":"article-journal","title":"Intelligent Power Infrastructure: A Structured Examination of Artificial Intelligence Techniques, Operational Challenges, and Evolutionary Pathways in Next-Generation Smart Grid Systems","abstract":"Abstract Global momentum toward intelligent power infrastructure is accelerating as electricity demand grows, renewable energy penetration deepens, and sustainability imperatives intensify. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies—encompassing machine learning, deep learning, reinforcement learning, expert systems, fuzzy logic, and hybrid frameworks—have become indispensable enablers of next-generation grid operations. These approaches support intelligent monitoring, accurate load and renewable-energy forecasting, autonomous fault detection, demand-response orchestration, and optimal distributed energy resource integration. Notwithstanding these advantages, practical deployment faces persistent barriers including cyber security vulnerabilities, data-privacy constraints, infrastructure investment costs, device interoperability deficits, and insufficient regulatory frameworks. This study presents a structured original review of AI-enabled smart grid architectures and operational paradigms, systematically evaluates capabilities and trade-offs of principal AI methods, analyzes prevailing challenges alongside viable mitigation strategies, quantifies documented operational benefits, and maps prospective technological trajectories—including edge AI, digital twins, explainable AI, block chain, and federated learning—toward autonomous grid operation. Findings indicate that strategic AI adoption is critical to achieving resilient, efficient, and low-carbon power systems for the future.","author":[{"family":"Gopinath","given":"K"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20962003","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20962003","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21782516","type":"article-journal","title":"Reproducibility Package for \"Digital Intelligence in Renewable Energy Systems: A Systematic Review\"","abstract":"This record contains the complete reproducibility package for the systematic review “Digital Intelligence in Renewable Energy Systems: A Systematic Review.” The package documents the identification, screening, coding, analysis, and visualization workflow. It includes the complete included-report corpus, the deduplicated screening dataset with final inclusion and exclusion decisions, record-level primary exclusion reasons, the final English codebook, report-level coded data, source data for the publication overview, country collaboration network, Sankey analysis, and five-layer annual analysis, as well as VOSviewer thesaurus, JSON, map, network, and settings files. The deduplicated screening corpus contains 4,016 records. The final analytical corpus contains 1,469 unique included reports, while 2,547 records were excluded. The materials are organized into six ZIP archives: 01_Included_Corpus.zip02_Screening.zip03_Codebook_and_Coded_Data.zip04_Figures_and_Tables.zip05_VOSviewer.zip06_Documentation.zip Detailed descriptions of the files, counting rules, analytical denominators, and software settings are provided in the documentation archive. The visualizations were generated using VOSviewer or spreadsheet-based workflows. No custom script was used to generate the published figures.","author":[{"family":"Feng","given":"Tong"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Tianxin"},{"family":"Ping","given":"Zihua"},{"family":"Li","given":"Qun"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21782516","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21782516","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21782517","type":"article-journal","title":"Reproducibility Package for \"Digital Intelligence in Renewable Energy Systems: A Systematic Review\"","abstract":"This record contains the complete reproducibility package for the systematic review “Digital Intelligence in Renewable Energy Systems: A Systematic Review.” The package documents the identification, screening, coding, analysis, and visualization workflow. It includes the complete included-report corpus, the deduplicated screening dataset with final inclusion and exclusion decisions, record-level primary exclusion reasons, the final English codebook, report-level coded data, source data for the publication overview, country collaboration network, Sankey analysis, and five-layer annual analysis, as well as VOSviewer thesaurus, JSON, map, network, and settings files. The deduplicated screening corpus contains 4,016 records. The final analytical corpus contains 1,469 unique included reports, while 2,547 records were excluded. The materials are organized into six ZIP archives: 01_Included_Corpus.zip02_Screening.zip03_Codebook_and_Coded_Data.zip04_Figures_and_Tables.zip05_VOSviewer.zip06_Documentation.zip Detailed descriptions of the files, counting rules, analytical denominators, and software settings are provided in the documentation archive. The visualizations were generated using VOSviewer or spreadsheet-based workflows. No custom script was used to generate the published figures.","author":[{"family":"Feng","given":"Tong"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Tianxin"},{"family":"Ping","given":"Zihua"},{"family":"Li","given":"Qun"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21782517","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21782517","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21528138","type":"article-journal","title":"Benchmark Dataset: AI-Assisted versus Expert Curation of a Battery Materials Database (BAI–AWB Benchmark)","abstract":"This dataset supports the article \"Scientific Database Construction in the Age of AI: Benchmarking AI-Assisted and Expert Curation of a Battery Materials Database\" (submitted). It contains the complete data underlying the record-level benchmark between BAI, a battery-materials database constructed by an AI-assisted workflow (Claude Opus 4.8, model identifier claude-opus-4-8), and AtomWork-Battery (AWB), an expert-curated database developed at the National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS). All results reported in the article can be reproduced from the tables in this dataset. Contents: (1) The complete BAI database (bai_database.xlsx) constructed from 81 publications on solid-state electrolytes and cathode materials, including materials, practical phases, properties, and bibliographic metadata with DOIs for all source publications. (2) Material pair-matching tables between BAI and AWB records from the 79 shared publications, covering the three matching levels described in the article: composition-matched pairs within each publication, pairs with identical chemical systems, and the 265 pairs additionally matched on processing temperature (within 200 K) that form the basis of all reported numbers. (3) Comparison tables for material-type assignment, main-phase composition, space group, lattice parameters, ionic conductivity, and discharge capacity, together with per-pair detail tables, failure-case lists, and root-cause analyses. All data correspond to a frozen snapshot of both databases taken on 16 July 2026. Complete AWB records beyond the compared fields are not included, as AWB is a curated database product of NIMS. The detailed curation rules and extraction instructions used by the BAI workflow contain proprietary NIMS technology and are likewise not included; their scope and structure are described in the article. See README.md in the dataset for file-level documentation. This work was supported by JST COI-NEXT 'Center for Advanced Battery Collaboration', Grant Number JPMJPF2016.","author":[{"family":"Xu","given":"Yibin"},{"family":"Morimoto","given":"Shintaro"},{"family":"Arai","given":"Masao"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21528138","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21528138","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21528139","type":"article-journal","title":"Benchmark Dataset: AI-Assisted versus Expert Curation of a Battery Materials Database (BAI–AWB Benchmark)","abstract":"This dataset supports the article \"Scientific Database Construction in the Age of AI: Benchmarking AI-Assisted and Expert Curation of a Battery Materials Database\" (submitted). It contains the complete data underlying the record-level benchmark between BAI, a battery-materials database constructed by an AI-assisted workflow (Claude Opus 4.8, model identifier claude-opus-4-8), and AtomWork-Battery (AWB), an expert-curated database developed at the National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS). All results reported in the article can be reproduced from the tables in this dataset. Contents: (1) The complete BAI database (bai_database.xlsx) constructed from 81 publications on solid-state electrolytes and cathode materials, including materials, practical phases, properties, and bibliographic metadata with DOIs for all source publications. (2) Material pair-matching tables between BAI and AWB records from the 79 shared publications, covering the three matching levels described in the article: composition-matched pairs within each publication, pairs with identical chemical systems, and the 265 pairs additionally matched on processing temperature (within 200 K) that form the basis of all reported numbers. (3) Comparison tables for material-type assignment, main-phase composition, space group, lattice parameters, ionic conductivity, and discharge capacity, together with per-pair detail tables, failure-case lists, and root-cause analyses. All data correspond to a frozen snapshot of both databases taken on 16 July 2026. Complete AWB records beyond the compared fields are not included, as AWB is a curated database product of NIMS. The detailed curation rules and extraction instructions used by the BAI workflow contain proprietary NIMS technology and are likewise not included; their scope and structure are described in the article. See README.md in the dataset for file-level documentation. This work was supported by JST COI-NEXT 'Center for Advanced Battery Collaboration', Grant Number JPMJPF2016.","author":[{"family":"Xu","given":"Yibin"},{"family":"Morimoto","given":"Shintaro"},{"family":"Arai","given":"Masao"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21528139","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21528139","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.60893/figshare.apl.c.8616080","type":"article-journal","title":"<strong>Exploring electronic and ionic transport properties of promising electrolyte </strong><strong>Na</strong>2<strong>ZnS</strong>2 <strong>for all-solid-state sodium-ion battery</strong>","abstract":"Solid-state electrolyte (SSE) with high ionic conductivity and low cost is essential for accelerating the commercialization of all-solid-state sodium-ion batteries. Here, we provide profound atomistic insights into electronic and ionic transport properties of promising Na-ion SSE Na2ZnS2 with low-cost elements using the highly accurate first-principles calculations. Our calculations demonstrate that orthorhombic Na2ZnS2 is thermodynamically stable, mechanically ductile and has a relatively wide electrochemical window from 0.93 to 1.98 V. We find a direct band gap of 3.80 eV from GW calculation and low electron/hole conductivities at low carrier concentrations, verifying its electronic insulating behavior. From machine learning potential-based molecular dynamics simulations, we obtain a high ionic conductivity of 1.93 mS/cm at 300 K with a low activation energy of 0.24 eV, highlighting its practicality for SSE applications","author":[{"family":"Choe","given":"Song"},{"family":"Ri","given":"Tae"},{"family":"Ri","given":"Song"},{"family":"Hwang","given":"Suk"},{"family":"Yu","given":"Chol"},{"family":"Kim","given":"Jin"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.60893/figshare.apl.c.8616080","URL":"https://doi.org/10.60893/figshare.apl.c.8616080","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2608.14114","type":"manuscript","title":"Learning to Run Power Networks: Effective AlphaZero-inspired Topological Control","abstract":"As the integration of volatile renewable energy sources increases the strain on modern power grids, the use of Reinforcement Learning (RL) for autonomous topological reconfiguration has emerged as a promising research field to keep strained grids stable and operational. Compared to traditional redispatching measures, topological actions offer a cheaper and more cost-effective way to manage grid congestion. However, their implementation is hindered by a vast combinatorial action space and strict operational constraints. This paper investigates the effectiveness of model-based AlphaZero-inspired approaches that utilize Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) for proactive grid management. We systematically evaluate how reward functions, observation density, and search guidance influence an agent's survivability. Our results demonstrate that the optimized AlphaZero approach achieves a peak survivability of 98.43%, significantly outperforming the proximal policy optimization (PPO) variant. We find that conducting the MCTS without guidance from a prior learned policy or value function can enhance training efficiency, and that a straightforward binary survival reward provides more effective search guidance than complex, multi-objective functions. Our findings demonstrate that while AlphaZero is a powerful framework for topological control, pure reinforcement learning is not sufficient; rather, an effective and reliable system requires a 'minimalist' integration of domain-specific heuristics, binary rewards, and a restricted observation space of line loads.","author":[{"family":"Zetto","given":"Lukas"},{"family":"Schäfer","given":"Benjamin"},{"family":"Huang","given":"Qiong"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.48550/arxiv.2608.14114","URL":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.14114","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20554267","type":"article-journal","title":"SUSTAINABLE EV CHARGING STATION COMBINING WIND TURBINE AND SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGIES","abstract":"Abstract: The demand for green charging has increased with the rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs). This paper reviews a smart EV charging station integrating solar and wind power with on-grid electricity to support multiple charging modes: DC fast charging, AC charging and grid-powered AC charging. An RFID-based system secures access to charging, enhancing usability. This review looks into the design, benefits, and challenges of integrating renewable energy into EV charging, highlighting the system's potential for environmental and operation advantages in sustainable infrastructures. Keywords: EV Charging Station, Renewable Energy Source, Energy Management. Title: SUSTAINABLE EV CHARGING STATION COMBINING WIND TURBINE AND SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGIES Author: Bhavesh Gaikwad, Nilesh Khilari, Sanket Sonje, Rajesh Gawali, P.M.Dahale International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews ISSN 2348-697X (Online) Vol. 14, Issue 2, April 2026 - June 2026 Page No: 24-28 Research Publish Journals Website: www.researchpublish.com Published Date: 05-June-2026 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20554268 Paper Download Link (Source) https://www.researchpublish.com/papers/sustainable-ev-charging-station-combining-wind-turbine-and-solar-photovoltaic-technologies","author":[{"family":"Gaikwad","given":"Bhavesh"},{"family":"Khilari","given":"Nilesh"},{"family":"Sonje","given":"Sanket"},{"family":"Gawali","given":"Rajesh"},{"family":"Pmdahale"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20554267","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20554267","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20554268","type":"article-journal","title":"SUSTAINABLE EV CHARGING STATION COMBINING WIND TURBINE AND SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGIES","abstract":"Abstract: The demand for green charging has increased with the rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs). This paper reviews a smart EV charging station integrating solar and wind power with on-grid electricity to support multiple charging modes: DC fast charging, AC charging and grid-powered AC charging. An RFID-based system secures access to charging, enhancing usability. This review looks into the design, benefits, and challenges of integrating renewable energy into EV charging, highlighting the system's potential for environmental and operation advantages in sustainable infrastructures. Keywords: EV Charging Station, Renewable Energy Source, Energy Management. Title: SUSTAINABLE EV CHARGING STATION COMBINING WIND TURBINE AND SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGIES Author: Bhavesh Gaikwad, Nilesh Khilari, Sanket Sonje, Rajesh Gawali, P.M.Dahale International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews ISSN 2348-697X (Online) Vol. 14, Issue 2, April 2026 - June 2026 Page No: 24-28 Research Publish Journals Website: www.researchpublish.com Published Date: 05-June-2026 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20554268 Paper Download Link (Source) https://www.researchpublish.com/papers/sustainable-ev-charging-station-combining-wind-turbine-and-solar-photovoltaic-technologies","author":[{"family":"Gaikwad","given":"Bhavesh"},{"family":"Khilari","given":"Nilesh"},{"family":"Sonje","given":"Sanket"},{"family":"Gawali","given":"Rajesh"},{"family":"Pmdahale"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20554268","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20554268","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20255530","type":"article-journal","title":"Advanced Semiconductor Materials for Renewable Energy Technologies","abstract":"The rapid increase in global energy demand and environmental pollution caused by fossil fuel consumption has accelerated the development of renewable energy technologies. Semiconductor materials are essential components in solar cells, optoelectronic systems, photocatalysis, hydrogen production, thermoelectric devices and energy storage technologies. Recent developments in nanotechnology, thin-film engineering and advanced material synthesis have significantly improved the efficiency and stability of semiconductor-based renewable energy devices. This review paper presents a comprehensive study of advanced semiconductor materials used in renewable energy technologies. The paper discusses the properties, fabrication methods, photovoltaic applications, nanostructures, performance enhancement techniques, challenges and future prospects of semiconductor materials. Special emphasis is given to selenium-based semiconductor systems, thin-film photovoltaic technologies, hybrid materials and next-generation renewable energy devices.","author":[{"family":"Zope","given":"Dr"},{"family":"Bharambe","given":"Prof"},{"family":"Bombatkar","given":"Prof"},{"family":"Gopnarayan","given":"Prof"},{"family":"Narkhede","given":"Prof"},{"family":"Nimbolkar","given":"Bharati"},{"family":"Tarhale","given":"Puja"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20255530","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20255530","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20255531","type":"article-journal","title":"Advanced Semiconductor Materials for Renewable Energy Technologies","abstract":"The rapid increase in global energy demand and environmental pollution caused by fossil fuel consumption has accelerated the development of renewable energy technologies. Semiconductor materials are essential components in solar cells, optoelectronic systems, photocatalysis, hydrogen production, thermoelectric devices and energy storage technologies. Recent developments in nanotechnology, thin-film engineering and advanced material synthesis have significantly improved the efficiency and stability of semiconductor-based renewable energy devices. This review paper presents a comprehensive study of advanced semiconductor materials used in renewable energy technologies. The paper discusses the properties, fabrication methods, photovoltaic applications, nanostructures, performance enhancement techniques, challenges and future prospects of semiconductor materials. Special emphasis is given to selenium-based semiconductor systems, thin-film photovoltaic technologies, hybrid materials and next-generation renewable energy devices.","author":[{"family":"Zope","given":"Dr"},{"family":"Bharambe","given":"Prof"},{"family":"Bombatkar","given":"Prof"},{"family":"Gopnarayan","given":"Prof"},{"family":"Narkhede","given":"Prof"},{"family":"Nimbolkar","given":"Bharati"},{"family":"Tarhale","given":"Puja"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20255531","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20255531","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20103082","type":"article-journal","title":"APEX-FORGE: Autonomous Tri-Vortex Foundries & Solid-State Fabricators","abstract":"📄 Project Summary Project APEX-FORGE is a foundational leap in autonomous manufacturing, designed to move 3D printing from a mechanical process to a Solid-State Alchemical Loop. The system utilizes a Triple-Sync Foundry architecture where three Mag-Lev Acoustic Arms work in a shared \\(120^{\\circ }\\text{C}\\) Thermal Vacuum. By integrating a Basalt-Ice Dipole Battery and n+2 redundant TEG arrays, the Forge achieves \"Free Power\" autonomy, generating a 20% energy surplus that can be beamed wirelessly to the factory floor. The \"Mother Forge\" utilizes Maximum Entropy Vortex Lasers and Magnetic-Wicked Diamond-Tungsten Tips to manipulate a Solar CNF Metal Soup reservoir. This allows for the sub-nanometer fabrication of \"impossible\" materials, including Tungsten-Diamond composites and Pillared Graphene. Wrapped in a Vanta-Black Solar-Trap skin with Hidden Piezo-Gills, the APEX-FORGE is a silent, self-repairing manufacturing node with a projected lifespan exceeding 100 years.","author":[{"family":"Seagal","given":"David"},{"family":"Grok","given":"Xai"},{"family":"Chatgpt","given":"App"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20103082","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20103082","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20178417","type":"article-journal","title":"APEX-FORGE: Autonomous Tri-Vortex Foundries & Solid-State Fabricators","abstract":"📄 Project Summary Project APEX-FORGE is a foundational leap in autonomous manufacturing, designed to move 3D printing from a mechanical process to a Solid-State Alchemical Loop. The system utilizes a Triple-Sync Foundry architecture where three Mag-Lev Acoustic Arms work in a shared \\(120^{\\circ }\\text{C}\\) Thermal Vacuum. By integrating a Basalt-Ice Dipole Battery and n+2 redundant TEG arrays, the Forge achieves \"Free Power\" autonomy, generating a 20% energy surplus that can be beamed wirelessly to the factory floor. The \"Mother Forge\" utilizes Maximum Entropy Vortex Lasers and Magnetic-Wicked Diamond-Tungsten Tips to manipulate a Solar CNF Metal Soup reservoir. This allows for the sub-nanometer fabrication of \"impossible\" materials, including Tungsten-Diamond composites and Pillared Graphene. Wrapped in a Vanta-Black Solar-Trap skin with Hidden Piezo-Gills, the APEX-FORGE is a silent, self-repairing manufacturing node with a projected lifespan exceeding 100 years.","author":[{"family":"Seagal","given":"David"},{"family":"Grok","given":"Xai"},{"family":"Chatgpt","given":"App"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20178417","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20178417","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2502.08665","type":"manuscript","title":"Rapid and Stable Collective Charging and Discharge Suppression in Strongly Coupled Many-Body Quantum Batteries","abstract":"Achieving rapid and stable energy storage in quantum batteries (QBs) remains a key challenge, particularly under strong system-environment coupling where non-Markovian effects become prominent. While most previous studies focus on weak coupling regimes, we propose a many-body QB model exhibiting collective charging and discharge suppression in a non-perturbative regime. The model adopts a $Λ$-type configuration where multiple battery units share a common excited state and have individual ground states, forming an effective collective structure. To accurately capture the dynamics under strong coupling, the system's time evolution is governed by a Redfield-type master equation tincorporating memory effects via a Debye spectral density. We quantify the stored energy using ergotropy and analyze the impact of tunneling, driving strength, spectral width, and environmental temperature on charging performance. Numerical simulations reveal that optimized driving and reservoir engineering can simultaneously achieve rapid and stable charging while suppressing energy leakage. These results provide theoretical insight into strong-coupling thermodynamics and guide the design of robust QB platforms using solid-state or atomic systems.","author":[{"family":"Zhao","given":"Shun"},{"family":"Yang","given":"Yi"},{"family":"Zhuang","given":"Ni"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.48550/arxiv.2502.08665","URL":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2502.08665","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.17192/openumr/985","type":"article-journal","title":"LiNbO3 Coatings on NCM622: Structure and Performance Insights","abstract":"For enhancing the electrochemical performance of solid-state batteries (SSBs), protective coatings are applied on the cathode active material (CAM) to mitigate the degradation of the cathode/electrolyte interface. A comprehensive understanding of the structural properties of these coatings is crucial for further optimization. This study investigates the effect of LiNbO3-related coatings on LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622) CAM, focusing on the relationship between coating structure and electrochemical performance in battery cells. Therefore, three samples calcinated at 550, 350 and, 80 °C temperature are analyzed with scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and scanning precession electron diffraction (SPED) in combination with a pair distribution function (PDF) analysis. The results reveal that only an amorphous LiNbO3 coating with a calcination temperature of 350 °C significantly improves the electrochemical performance of the CAM. In contrast, at higher calcination temperatures the coating crystallizes, while at lower calcination temperatures the coating becomes a mixed niobium oxide phase, both of which correlate with reduced battery performance.","author":[{"family":"Haust","given":"Johannes"},{"family":"Guo","given":"Yiran"},{"family":"Belz","given":"Jürgen"},{"family":"Ahmed","given":"Shamail"},{"family":"Adeli","given":"Narges"},{"family":"Hüppe","given":"Franziska"},{"family":"Erhard","given":"Linus"},{"family":"Mereacre","given":"Valeriu"},{"family":"Rohrer","given":"Jochen"},{"family":"Hansen","given":"Anna"},{"family":"Ehrenberg","given":"Helmut"},{"family":"Albe","given":"Karsten"},{"family":"Binder","given":"Joachim"},{"family":"Volz","given":"Kerstin"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.17192/openumr/985","URL":"https://doi.org/10.17192/openumr/985","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2608.06680","type":"manuscript","title":"Physics-Grounded Materials Artificial Intelligence for Reliable Materials Discovery","abstract":"Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming materials discovery, yet conventional data-driven approaches often suffer from limited interpretability, poor extrapolation, and inconsistency with physical laws. Since materials behavior is fundamentally governed by thermodynamics, kinetics, electronic structure, transport processes, and operating environments, the next generation of materials intelligence must move beyond correlation-based prediction toward physics-grounded reasoning. In this Perspective, we systematically discuss Physics-Grounded Materials AI (PhysMat AI) as a unifying perspective for integrating physical knowledge into materials intelligence through five complementary roles: physics as prior knowledge, descriptors, constraints, verifiers, and infrastructure. Using representative examples from catalysis, solid-state electrolytes in solid-state battery, and hydrogen-storage materials, we illustrate how physical principles guide data representation, model reasoning, validation workflows, and knowledge management. We further present how AI agents can leverage these physics-aware components to perform mechanism-guided discovery within physically feasible search spaces. Finally, we outline a developmental roadmap from physics-aware AI to physics-reasoning AI and ultimately physics-autonomous AI. Looking forward, materials intelligence should evolve from predictive models toward autonomous scientific systems capable of integrating physical reasoning, multiscale simulations, experimental validation, and continuous knowledge updating for reliable materials discovery.","author":[{"family":"Wang","given":"Yuhang"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Qian"},{"family":"Jang","given":"Seong"},{"family":"Li","given":"Hao"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.48550/arxiv.2608.06680","URL":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.06680","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2607.29095","type":"manuscript","title":"PiDDM: Physics-Informed Differentiable Degradation Modeling for Lithium-Ion Battery State-of-Health Prediction","abstract":"Accurate prediction of lithium-ion battery state of health (SOH) is essential for reliable energy storage operation. However, purely data-driven models may generalize poorly across cycling protocols and produce physically implausible behavior during long-term extrapolation. We developed a physics-informed differentiable degradation modeling framework (PiDDM) for battery SOH prediction. PiDDM incorporates empirical Arrhenius degradation kinetics associated with solid electrolyte interphase growth and loss of lithium inventory into the training objective, encouraging physically consistent capacity fade under diverse operating conditions. The framework was evaluated using a public dataset of 55 batteries cycled under six operating protocols. PiDDM achieved the lowest average prediction error among the evaluated models and substantially reduced mean squared error relative to a multilayer perceptron and a baseline physics-informed neural network. For extrapolation, the models were trained on the first 90% of each battery's cycle life and evaluated on the unseen final 10%. PiDDM captured accelerated end-of-life degradation while avoiding the nonphysical capacity regeneration produced by the baseline models. These results show that incorporating degradation physics into neural network training improves predictive accuracy and physical consistency, providing a promising approach for practical battery health monitoring.","author":[{"family":"Chen","given":"Zeping"},{"family":"Jian","given":"Ruda"},{"family":"Sigdel","given":"Sachin"},{"family":"Xiong","given":"Guoping"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Jian"},{"family":"Luo","given":"Tengfei"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.48550/arxiv.2607.29095","URL":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.29095","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20678013","type":"article-journal","title":"AI-Driven KPI Optimization in IIoT: Critical Success Factors, EDR Integration, and Sustainable Pathways for Industry 4.0","abstract":"Abstract - The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has emerged as a transformative technology within Industry 4.0, enabling intelligent automation, predictive analytics, and sustainable industrial operations. Organizations worldwide are increasingly integrating IIoT technologies to improve operational efficiency, reduce downtime, optimize energy consumption, and support environmental sustainability goals. However, successful implementation of IIoT requires proper evaluation metrics, cybersecurity mechanisms, and strategic planning. This paper investigates the relationship between Critical Success Factors (CSFs) and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) in IIoT implementation while emphasizing the importance of Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) solutions for industrial cybersecurity. The study also examines sustainability-focused KPIs including carbon emissions, energy efficiency, and e-waste management within Industry 4.0 environments. Furthermore, the paper discusses the role of predictive maintenance, edge computing, cloud infrastructure, and 5G communication technologies in achieving scalable and secure IIoT systems. The findings indicate that integrating sustainability metrics with operational KPIs significantly enhances industrial productivity and environmental performance. Additionally, advanced EDR systems contribute to resilient industrial networks capable of mitigating cyber threats in real time.The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has emerged as a foundational technology within Industry 4.0 by enabling intelligent automation, predictive analytics, real-time monitoring, and data-driven industrial decision-making. Modern industrial organizations increasingly adopt IIoT technologies to improve operational efficiency, enhance equipment reliability, reduce production downtime, optimize energy consumption, and achieve environmental sustainability goals. However, successful implementation of IIoT systems requires effective performance evaluation frameworks, scalable digital infrastructure, robust cybersecurity mechanisms, and sustainable operational strategies. This research investigates the relationship between Critical Success Factors (CSFs) and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) in IIoT-enabled industrial environments while emphasizing the importance of Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) solutions for securing interconnected industrial infrastructures. The study further explores sustainability-oriented KPIs including carbon intensity, energy efficiency, renewable energy integration, electronic waste management, and ESG compliance. In addition, the research examines the evolution of Power Plant 4.0 and Power Plant 5.0 technologies through the integration of artificial intelligence, edge computing, cloud platforms, smart sensors, digital twins, predictive maintenance systems, and advanced industrial communication networks. The paper adopts a qualitative and comparative research methodology based on secondary industrial and academic data sources. The findings indicate that integrating sustainability metrics with operational KPIs significantly improves industrial productivity, environmental performance, and long-term organizational resilience. Furthermore, EDR technologies enhance industrial cybersecurity by enabling real-time threat detection, automated incident response, and continuous endpoint monitoring. The proposed integrated framework supports sustainable industrial transformation while establishing intelligent, scalable, and secure Industry 4.0 ecosystems.","author":[{"family":"Bhatnagar","given":"Ishita"},{"family":"Arora","given":"Dr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20678013","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20678013","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20678014","type":"article-journal","title":"AI-Driven KPI Optimization in IIoT: Critical Success Factors, EDR Integration, and Sustainable Pathways for Industry 4.0","abstract":"Abstract - The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has emerged as a transformative technology within Industry 4.0, enabling intelligent automation, predictive analytics, and sustainable industrial operations. Organizations worldwide are increasingly integrating IIoT technologies to improve operational efficiency, reduce downtime, optimize energy consumption, and support environmental sustainability goals. However, successful implementation of IIoT requires proper evaluation metrics, cybersecurity mechanisms, and strategic planning. This paper investigates the relationship between Critical Success Factors (CSFs) and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) in IIoT implementation while emphasizing the importance of Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) solutions for industrial cybersecurity. The study also examines sustainability-focused KPIs including carbon emissions, energy efficiency, and e-waste management within Industry 4.0 environments. Furthermore, the paper discusses the role of predictive maintenance, edge computing, cloud infrastructure, and 5G communication technologies in achieving scalable and secure IIoT systems. The findings indicate that integrating sustainability metrics with operational KPIs significantly enhances industrial productivity and environmental performance. Additionally, advanced EDR systems contribute to resilient industrial networks capable of mitigating cyber threats in real time.The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has emerged as a foundational technology within Industry 4.0 by enabling intelligent automation, predictive analytics, real-time monitoring, and data-driven industrial decision-making. Modern industrial organizations increasingly adopt IIoT technologies to improve operational efficiency, enhance equipment reliability, reduce production downtime, optimize energy consumption, and achieve environmental sustainability goals. However, successful implementation of IIoT systems requires effective performance evaluation frameworks, scalable digital infrastructure, robust cybersecurity mechanisms, and sustainable operational strategies. This research investigates the relationship between Critical Success Factors (CSFs) and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) in IIoT-enabled industrial environments while emphasizing the importance of Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) solutions for securing interconnected industrial infrastructures. The study further explores sustainability-oriented KPIs including carbon intensity, energy efficiency, renewable energy integration, electronic waste management, and ESG compliance. In addition, the research examines the evolution of Power Plant 4.0 and Power Plant 5.0 technologies through the integration of artificial intelligence, edge computing, cloud platforms, smart sensors, digital twins, predictive maintenance systems, and advanced industrial communication networks. The paper adopts a qualitative and comparative research methodology based on secondary industrial and academic data sources. The findings indicate that integrating sustainability metrics with operational KPIs significantly improves industrial productivity, environmental performance, and long-term organizational resilience. Furthermore, EDR technologies enhance industrial cybersecurity by enabling real-time threat detection, automated incident response, and continuous endpoint monitoring. The proposed integrated framework supports sustainable industrial transformation while establishing intelligent, scalable, and secure Industry 4.0 ecosystems.","author":[{"family":"Bhatnagar","given":"Ishita"},{"family":"Arora","given":"Dr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20678014","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20678014","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.32843669.v1","type":"article-journal","title":"Fruit peel–derived ZnO NPs: A sustainable route to multifunctional applications in sensing, photocatalysis, and biomedicine","abstract":"A novel, eco-friendly combustion strategy is reported for the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs), employing pomelo and Citrus bergamia peel extracts as renewable green fuel sources. The structural and morphological properties of the NPs were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), brunauer-emmett-teller (BET) surface area analysis, and raman spectroscopy. XRD results confirmed the formation of a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure. The crystallite sizes estimated by the Debye–Scherrer and Williamson–Hall methods were 30.76 nm and 34.22 nm, respectively. The uniform deformation model (UDM) indicated a very low lattice strain (0.0029), confirming the good crystallinity of the synthesized ZnO-NPs. The study highlights the valorization of agro-waste into high-performance nanomaterials with cross-disciplinary relevance. The study uniquely demonstrates the simultaneous exhibition of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, along with efficient photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants and successful latent fingerprint visualization. These combined applications underscore the potential of ZnO-NPs, synthesized using pomelo and C. Bergamia peel extracts, as sustainable NPs for environmental remediation, forensic analysis, and biomedical applications. This work further establishes a green synthetic pathway and opens new avenues for the development of eco-friendly multifunctional NPs.","author":[{"family":"Shyla","given":"B"},{"family":"Deepakumari","given":"HN"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.6084/m9.figshare.32843669.v1","URL":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.32843669.v1","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.32843669","type":"article-journal","title":"Fruit peel–derived ZnO NPs: A sustainable route to multifunctional applications in sensing, photocatalysis, and biomedicine","abstract":"A novel, eco-friendly combustion strategy is reported for the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs), employing pomelo and Citrus bergamia peel extracts as renewable green fuel sources. The structural and morphological properties of the NPs were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), brunauer-emmett-teller (BET) surface area analysis, and raman spectroscopy. XRD results confirmed the formation of a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure. The crystallite sizes estimated by the Debye–Scherrer and Williamson–Hall methods were 30.76 nm and 34.22 nm, respectively. The uniform deformation model (UDM) indicated a very low lattice strain (0.0029), confirming the good crystallinity of the synthesized ZnO-NPs. The study highlights the valorization of agro-waste into high-performance nanomaterials with cross-disciplinary relevance. The study uniquely demonstrates the simultaneous exhibition of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, along with efficient photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants and successful latent fingerprint visualization. These combined applications underscore the potential of ZnO-NPs, synthesized using pomelo and C. Bergamia peel extracts, as sustainable NPs for environmental remediation, forensic analysis, and biomedical applications. This work further establishes a green synthetic pathway and opens new avenues for the development of eco-friendly multifunctional NPs.","author":[{"family":"Shyla","given":"B"},{"family":"Deepakumari","given":"HN"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.6084/m9.figshare.32843669","URL":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.32843669","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20018587","type":"article-journal","title":"Valoración y Rentabilidad del Biometano (BioGNV)","abstract":"This book presents a technical and economic analysis of biomethane (BioGNV) as a high-value energy vector within agro-industrial systems, focusing on its upgrading, valuation, and integration into mobility and distributed energy infrastructures. It examines the biochemical and physicochemical foundations of anaerobic digestion and biogas upgrading, including methane enrichment, contaminant removal (CO₂, H₂S, moisture), and compression processes required for vehicle-grade fuel, establishing the transformation pathway from raw biomass to standardized BioGNV. The work positions biomethane not merely as a byproduct, but as a strategic asset within circular carbon systems. The publication develops a rigorous framework for financial valuation and profitability assessment, addressing capital expenditure (CAPEX), operational expenditure (OPEX), revenue streams, carbon credit mechanisms, and market substitution models relative to fossil natural gas. It evaluates project feasibility under different agro-industrial scales, emphasizing risk analysis, return on investment (ROI), and long-term asset performance within decentralized energy markets. Additionally, the book explores regulatory frameworks, safety standards, and infrastructure requirements for biomethane injection, storage, and distribution, including its application as vehicular fuel (BioGNV). It highlights integration strategies with agricultural residues, livestock waste, and organic industrial streams, consolidating biodigesters as nodes within broader metabolic and logistical networks. This publication is part of the Renewable Horizons collection (2021–2026), a series dedicated to renewable energy systems, environmental integration strategies, and distributed infrastructures. Developed within PRMS Architecture Lab, this work contributes to the systemic research agenda on performance-based architectural and territorial systems, where energy vectors such as biomethane are quantified, optimized, and deployed as measurable economic and metabolic flows within the built environment.","author":[{"family":"Hernandez García","given":"Oscar"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20018587","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20018587","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20018588","type":"article-journal","title":"Valoración y Rentabilidad del Biometano (BioGNV)","abstract":"This book presents a technical and economic analysis of biomethane (BioGNV) as a high-value energy vector within agro-industrial systems, focusing on its upgrading, valuation, and integration into mobility and distributed energy infrastructures. It examines the biochemical and physicochemical foundations of anaerobic digestion and biogas upgrading, including methane enrichment, contaminant removal (CO₂, H₂S, moisture), and compression processes required for vehicle-grade fuel, establishing the transformation pathway from raw biomass to standardized BioGNV. The work positions biomethane not merely as a byproduct, but as a strategic asset within circular carbon systems. The publication develops a rigorous framework for financial valuation and profitability assessment, addressing capital expenditure (CAPEX), operational expenditure (OPEX), revenue streams, carbon credit mechanisms, and market substitution models relative to fossil natural gas. It evaluates project feasibility under different agro-industrial scales, emphasizing risk analysis, return on investment (ROI), and long-term asset performance within decentralized energy markets. Additionally, the book explores regulatory frameworks, safety standards, and infrastructure requirements for biomethane injection, storage, and distribution, including its application as vehicular fuel (BioGNV). It highlights integration strategies with agricultural residues, livestock waste, and organic industrial streams, consolidating biodigesters as nodes within broader metabolic and logistical networks. This publication is part of the Renewable Horizons collection (2021–2026), a series dedicated to renewable energy systems, environmental integration strategies, and distributed infrastructures. Developed within PRMS Architecture Lab, this work contributes to the systemic research agenda on performance-based architectural and territorial systems, where energy vectors such as biomethane are quantified, optimized, and deployed as measurable economic and metabolic flows within the built environment.","author":[{"family":"Hernandez García","given":"Oscar"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20018588","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20018588","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22183127","type":"article-journal","title":"PLANETARY SR XII — POLAND: Catch-Up Growth, EU-Embedded Capa city, Coal-to-Electric Transition, and Demographic Contraction","abstract":"PLANETARY SR XII — POLAND Description Planetary SR XII — Poland provides a structural diagnostic of Poland as a coupled institutional–population system, using evidence from 2000–2025 with 2026 verification. The paper identifies Poland’s continuity architecture as rapid catch‑up growth, EU‑embedded investment capacity, coal‑to‑electric transition, and demographic contraction. Poland’s long‑run convergence baseline—“GDP per capita doubled between 2005 and 2024”—coexists with structural pressures including “a population near 37.35 million in 2025 with continuing negative natural increase” and a carbon‑intensive energy legacy undergoing costly transition. The study distinguishes formal coverage from effective access, showing how low unemployment, regional wage gaps, housing quality, health‑workforce constraints, and demographic decline shape continuity beneath strong macroeconomic expansion. Poland’s coal‑heavy energy system and emerging renewable/nuclear plans form a central conversion test, while EU cohesion funds and national transfers buffer households and local governments during transition. Contribution This paper expands the Planetary SR comparative series by introducing a new continuity topology distinct from Canada, the United States, Mexico, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, Sweden, and Norway. Poland’s configuration strengthens SR fields such as Planetary Pressure Ecology, Institutional Reflex Science, Planetary Drift Mechanics, and Systems Propagation Science by demonstrating how catch‑up growth, demographic contraction, EU‑embedded investment, and coal‑to‑electric transition interact across 16 voivodeships and diverse local service systems. The document provides high‑resolution evidence for SR’s frozen hypotheses, including compensated continuity, unequal insulation, surface–substrate divergence, and reorganization. It also contributes to the ATLAS architecture by showing how rapid economic convergence can coexist with long‑run demographic decline, uneven regional capacity, and energy‑transition constraints. As the paper states, Poland’s mechanism is empirically distinguishable through its blend of “EU‑embedded catch‑up growth with strong employment and industrial integration, facing demographic contraction, coal‑intensive energy transition and uneven regional service capacity,” thereby adding a new structural configuration to the planetary series.","author":[{"family":"Rupture","given":"Signal"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22183127","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22183127","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22183126","type":"article-journal","title":"PLANETARY SR XII — POLAND: Catch-Up Growth, EU-Embedded Capa city, Coal-to-Electric Transition, and Demographic Contraction","abstract":"PLANETARY SR XII — POLAND Description Planetary SR XII — Poland provides a structural diagnostic of Poland as a coupled institutional–population system, using evidence from 2000–2025 with 2026 verification. The paper identifies Poland’s continuity architecture as rapid catch‑up growth, EU‑embedded investment capacity, coal‑to‑electric transition, and demographic contraction. Poland’s long‑run convergence baseline—“GDP per capita doubled between 2005 and 2024”—coexists with structural pressures including “a population near 37.35 million in 2025 with continuing negative natural increase” and a carbon‑intensive energy legacy undergoing costly transition. The study distinguishes formal coverage from effective access, showing how low unemployment, regional wage gaps, housing quality, health‑workforce constraints, and demographic decline shape continuity beneath strong macroeconomic expansion. Poland’s coal‑heavy energy system and emerging renewable/nuclear plans form a central conversion test, while EU cohesion funds and national transfers buffer households and local governments during transition. Contribution This paper expands the Planetary SR comparative series by introducing a new continuity topology distinct from Canada, the United States, Mexico, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, Sweden, and Norway. Poland’s configuration strengthens SR fields such as Planetary Pressure Ecology, Institutional Reflex Science, Planetary Drift Mechanics, and Systems Propagation Science by demonstrating how catch‑up growth, demographic contraction, EU‑embedded investment, and coal‑to‑electric transition interact across 16 voivodeships and diverse local service systems. The document provides high‑resolution evidence for SR’s frozen hypotheses, including compensated continuity, unequal insulation, surface–substrate divergence, and reorganization. It also contributes to the ATLAS architecture by showing how rapid economic convergence can coexist with long‑run demographic decline, uneven regional capacity, and energy‑transition constraints. As the paper states, Poland’s mechanism is empirically distinguishable through its blend of “EU‑embedded catch‑up growth with strong employment and industrial integration, facing demographic contraction, coal‑intensive energy transition and uneven regional service capacity,” thereby adding a new structural configuration to the planetary series.","author":[{"family":"Rupture","given":"Signal"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22183126","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22183126","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20929272","type":"article-journal","title":"A MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION FRAMEWORK FOR ENERGY-EFFICIENT SMART CITIES USING DEEP REINFORCEMENT LEARNING","abstract":"Purpose - This study proposes a multi-objective optimization framework using Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) to improve energy efficiency, reduce operational costs, and minimize carbon emissions in smart cities through intelligent energy management. Design/methodology/approach - A qualitative research approach was adopted by reviewing recent studies on smart cities, deep reinforcement learning, Internet of Things (IoT), renewable energy integration, and multi-objective optimization. A conceptual DRL-based optimization framework is proposed for sustainable urban energy management. Findings - The proposed framework demonstrates that Deep Reinforcement Learning can effectively optimize energy consumption while simultaneously balancing multiple objectives, including energy efficiency, renewable energy utilization, grid stability, and environmental sustainability. Practical implications - The framework provides guidance for urban planners, policymakers, energy providers, and smart city developers in implementing intelligent energy management systems capable of supporting sustainable urban development. Originality/value - This study presents a comprehensive multi-objective optimization framework that integrates Deep Reinforcement Learning with IoT-enabled smart city infrastructure for intelligent, adaptive, and sustainable energy management.","author":[{"family":"Dr S Balasubramanian","given":"Ph"},{"family":"Sb","given":"Vinay"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20929272","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20929272","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20929273","type":"article-journal","title":"A MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION FRAMEWORK FOR ENERGY-EFFICIENT SMART CITIES USING DEEP REINFORCEMENT LEARNING","abstract":"Purpose - This study proposes a multi-objective optimization framework using Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) to improve energy efficiency, reduce operational costs, and minimize carbon emissions in smart cities through intelligent energy management. Design/methodology/approach - A qualitative research approach was adopted by reviewing recent studies on smart cities, deep reinforcement learning, Internet of Things (IoT), renewable energy integration, and multi-objective optimization. A conceptual DRL-based optimization framework is proposed for sustainable urban energy management. Findings - The proposed framework demonstrates that Deep Reinforcement Learning can effectively optimize energy consumption while simultaneously balancing multiple objectives, including energy efficiency, renewable energy utilization, grid stability, and environmental sustainability. Practical implications - The framework provides guidance for urban planners, policymakers, energy providers, and smart city developers in implementing intelligent energy management systems capable of supporting sustainable urban development. Originality/value - This study presents a comprehensive multi-objective optimization framework that integrates Deep Reinforcement Learning with IoT-enabled smart city infrastructure for intelligent, adaptive, and sustainable energy management.","author":[{"family":"Dr S Balasubramanian","given":"Ph"},{"family":"Sb","given":"Vinay"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20929273","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20929273","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22181447","type":"article-journal","title":"The Next Generation of Development","abstract":"Emerging economies can no longer treat clean energy, digital infrastructure, and climate resilience as separate development tracks. As your report notes, “one physical and financial system is doing the work that used to require three separate sectoral interventions,” and the countries making the fastest progress—India, Kenya, Morocco, Vietnam—are already building these pillars as a single, interlocking growth strategy. The economic case is clear: clean energy is now the cheapest new power source across most of the developing world, mobile networks reach populations long before roads or banking systems do, and climate shocks are severe enough to erase years of development gains in a single season. Yet the distribution of progress is dangerously uneven. Clean energy investment reached $2.2T in 2025, double fossil fuels, but Africa captured under 1% of the 2024 renewable buildout and EMDEs (excluding China) still invest only $260B—far below the $1.4–1.9T needed annually by the early 2030s. Digital access shows similar divides: internet use ranges from 94% in high‑income countries to 23% in low‑income ones, and over 2B people remain offline. Climate adaptation is the most underfunded pillar of all, with only $26B in annual flows against a $310–365B requirement—“twelve to fourteen times current flows,” as the report states. Despite these gaps, convergence is already visible on the ground. Mobile money systems process $2T annually—$1.4T in Sub‑Saharan Africa alone—and now finance pay‑as‑you‑go solar, agricultural inputs, and weather‑indexed micro‑insurance. Digital public infrastructure, exemplified by India’s Aadhaar‑UPI stack, has cut identity verification costs from $10–20 to $0.27, enabling efficient delivery of energy subsidies and climate‑linked social protection. Digital tools are also stretching limited adaptation budgets by delivering weather forecasts, crop advisories, and parametric insurance directly to smallholder farmers. The report’s conclusion is blunt: financing architecture has not caught up with the reality of convergence. Capital still flows through siloed energy, telecom, and climate channels, each competing for scarce concessional dollars. The path forward requires treating digital public infrastructure as the delivery platform for clean energy and climate programs, using blended finance to close cost‑of‑capital gaps, and building regional cooperation on grids, data, and climate risk pooling. Economies that align these three transitions—rather than sequencing them separately—are positioned to achieve faster, more inclusive, and more resilient growth.","author":[{"family":"Hughes","given":"Hunter"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22181447","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22181447","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22181446","type":"article-journal","title":"The Next Generation of Development","abstract":"Emerging economies can no longer treat clean energy, digital infrastructure, and climate resilience as separate development tracks. As your report notes, “one physical and financial system is doing the work that used to require three separate sectoral interventions,” and the countries making the fastest progress—India, Kenya, Morocco, Vietnam—are already building these pillars as a single, interlocking growth strategy. The economic case is clear: clean energy is now the cheapest new power source across most of the developing world, mobile networks reach populations long before roads or banking systems do, and climate shocks are severe enough to erase years of development gains in a single season. Yet the distribution of progress is dangerously uneven. Clean energy investment reached $2.2T in 2025, double fossil fuels, but Africa captured under 1% of the 2024 renewable buildout and EMDEs (excluding China) still invest only $260B—far below the $1.4–1.9T needed annually by the early 2030s. Digital access shows similar divides: internet use ranges from 94% in high‑income countries to 23% in low‑income ones, and over 2B people remain offline. Climate adaptation is the most underfunded pillar of all, with only $26B in annual flows against a $310–365B requirement—“twelve to fourteen times current flows,” as the report states. Despite these gaps, convergence is already visible on the ground. Mobile money systems process $2T annually—$1.4T in Sub‑Saharan Africa alone—and now finance pay‑as‑you‑go solar, agricultural inputs, and weather‑indexed micro‑insurance. Digital public infrastructure, exemplified by India’s Aadhaar‑UPI stack, has cut identity verification costs from $10–20 to $0.27, enabling efficient delivery of energy subsidies and climate‑linked social protection. Digital tools are also stretching limited adaptation budgets by delivering weather forecasts, crop advisories, and parametric insurance directly to smallholder farmers. The report’s conclusion is blunt: financing architecture has not caught up with the reality of convergence. Capital still flows through siloed energy, telecom, and climate channels, each competing for scarce concessional dollars. The path forward requires treating digital public infrastructure as the delivery platform for clean energy and climate programs, using blended finance to close cost‑of‑capital gaps, and building regional cooperation on grids, data, and climate risk pooling. Economies that align these three transitions—rather than sequencing them separately—are positioned to achieve faster, more inclusive, and more resilient growth.","author":[{"family":"Hughes","given":"Hunter"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22181446","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22181446","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20416317","type":"article-journal","title":"India and South Asian Countries Relations in the 21st Century: Regional Cooperation, Strategic Challenges, and Emerging Geopolitical Dynamics","abstract":"India and South Asian Countries Relations in the 21st Century: Regional Cooperation, Strategic Challenges, and Emerging Geopolitical Dynamics Dr K.S.KANNAN M.A,M.A,M.A,M.Ed, PGDCA,Ph.D, School Assistant in Social StudiesZPHS (B), Department of School Education V Kota, Chittoor District, , AP ISSN: 3108-1053 (VOLUME-1, ISSUE-3) Received: July 5, 2025 Revised: August 15, 2025 Accepted: August 15, 2025 Published: September 30, 2025 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20416318 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract The twenty-first century has witnessed significant transformations in India's relations with South Asian countries due to changing geopolitical realities, globalization, economic integration, security concerns, and the rise of new regional and global powers. India occupies a central position in South Asia because of its geographical size, economic strength, strategic location, and historical influence. The region includes neighboring countries such as Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Maldives, and Afghanistan, each contributing to regional dynamics in distinct ways. India's foreign policy toward South Asia has increasingly emphasized cooperation, connectivity, economic diplomacy, security partnerships, and neighborhood engagement. Initiatives such as the “Neighborhood First Policy,” “Act East Policy,” and regional cooperation mechanisms have shaped India's diplomatic interactions. However, unresolved border disputes, political instability, terrorism, external power competition, and strategic rivalries continue to influence regional relations. This article examines India's bilateral and multilateral engagements with South Asian countries in the twenty-first century and evaluates opportunities and challenges shaping regional cooperation. Keywords: South Asia, India, Foreign Policy, Regional Cooperation, SAARC, Neighborhood First Policy, Security, Diplomacy. Introduction South Asia remains one of the most strategically significant regions in global politics. The region contains nearly one-fourth of the world's population and possesses considerable cultural, economic, and geopolitical diversity. India occupies a central position within South Asia due to its geographical size, economic capabilities, military strength, and political influence.[1] India's relations with neighboring countries have historically been shaped by shared cultural traditions, colonial experiences, migration patterns, security concerns, and economic interactions. In the twenty-first century, regional diplomacy has become increasingly complex due to globalization, terrorism, technological transformations, and growing international competition. India's foreign policy increasingly recognizes that regional peace and prosperity are essential for national development. Consequently, India has adopted policies emphasizing partnership, connectivity, and regional stability.[2,3] Historical Background of India–South Asia Relations India's regional relations cannot be understood without considering historical factors. The partition of British India in 1947 fundamentally altered regional political structures. Newly independent states pursued separate political identities while maintaining deep social and cultural connections. Post-independence relations witnessed cooperation as well as conflicts. Border disputes, wars, migration issues, and political differences shaped regional diplomacy. The Cold War further influenced South Asian politics as countries aligned with different strategic interests. The twenty-first century introduced new realities involving economic globalization and regional integration.[4] India's Foreign Policy in the Twenty-First Century India's regional diplomacy evolved considerably after economic liberalization. Major principles include: Neighborhood First Policy Strategic autonomy Economic cooperation Regional connectivity Counterterrorism cooperation Maritime","author":[{"family":"Ks","given":"Kannan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20416317","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20416317","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20416318","type":"article-journal","title":"India and South Asian Countries Relations in the 21st Century: Regional Cooperation, Strategic Challenges, and Emerging Geopolitical Dynamics","abstract":"India and South Asian Countries Relations in the 21st Century: Regional Cooperation, Strategic Challenges, and Emerging Geopolitical Dynamics Dr K.S.KANNAN M.A,M.A,M.A,M.Ed, PGDCA,Ph.D, School Assistant in Social StudiesZPHS (B), Department of School Education V Kota, Chittoor District, , AP ISSN: 3108-1053 (VOLUME-1, ISSUE-3) Received: July 5, 2025 Revised: August 15, 2025 Accepted: August 15, 2025 Published: September 30, 2025 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20416318 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract The twenty-first century has witnessed significant transformations in India's relations with South Asian countries due to changing geopolitical realities, globalization, economic integration, security concerns, and the rise of new regional and global powers. India occupies a central position in South Asia because of its geographical size, economic strength, strategic location, and historical influence. The region includes neighboring countries such as Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Maldives, and Afghanistan, each contributing to regional dynamics in distinct ways. India's foreign policy toward South Asia has increasingly emphasized cooperation, connectivity, economic diplomacy, security partnerships, and neighborhood engagement. Initiatives such as the “Neighborhood First Policy,” “Act East Policy,” and regional cooperation mechanisms have shaped India's diplomatic interactions. However, unresolved border disputes, political instability, terrorism, external power competition, and strategic rivalries continue to influence regional relations. This article examines India's bilateral and multilateral engagements with South Asian countries in the twenty-first century and evaluates opportunities and challenges shaping regional cooperation. Keywords: South Asia, India, Foreign Policy, Regional Cooperation, SAARC, Neighborhood First Policy, Security, Diplomacy. Introduction South Asia remains one of the most strategically significant regions in global politics. The region contains nearly one-fourth of the world's population and possesses considerable cultural, economic, and geopolitical diversity. India occupies a central position within South Asia due to its geographical size, economic capabilities, military strength, and political influence.[1] India's relations with neighboring countries have historically been shaped by shared cultural traditions, colonial experiences, migration patterns, security concerns, and economic interactions. In the twenty-first century, regional diplomacy has become increasingly complex due to globalization, terrorism, technological transformations, and growing international competition. India's foreign policy increasingly recognizes that regional peace and prosperity are essential for national development. Consequently, India has adopted policies emphasizing partnership, connectivity, and regional stability.[2,3] Historical Background of India–South Asia Relations India's regional relations cannot be understood without considering historical factors. The partition of British India in 1947 fundamentally altered regional political structures. Newly independent states pursued separate political identities while maintaining deep social and cultural connections. Post-independence relations witnessed cooperation as well as conflicts. Border disputes, wars, migration issues, and political differences shaped regional diplomacy. The Cold War further influenced South Asian politics as countries aligned with different strategic interests. The twenty-first century introduced new realities involving economic globalization and regional integration.[4] India's Foreign Policy in the Twenty-First Century India's regional diplomacy evolved considerably after economic liberalization. Major principles include: Neighborhood First Policy Strategic autonomy Economic cooperation Regional connectivity Counterterrorism cooperation Maritime","author":[{"family":"Ks","given":"Kannan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20416318","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20416318","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20923157","type":"article-journal","title":"Modelling Thermal Energy Storage in Multi-Energy System Optimization","abstract":"Presentation in the framework of the Open Source Modelling and Simulation of Energy Systems (OSMSES) 2024 conference in Vienna, Austria, 3-6 September 2024. Associated publication: https://doi.org/10.1109/OSMSES62085.2024.10668977 Abstract: The transition from fossil-based to renewable energy sources requires the adoption of intermittent, decentralized energy generation technologies. Therefore, the integration of energy storage technologies is becoming increasingly important. The impact of optimal design and operation of thermal energy storage (TES) systems can be assessed through simulation and optimization studies. However, models that accurately describe TES systems while considering storage temperatures are inherently nonlinear, presenting challenges such as prolonged computation times during optimization studies. As a result, most studies on district-size multi-energy systems (MES) employ a simplified capacity model for TES, which does not account for storage temperature levels. In this study, we present first results of a linearized stratified TES model for a residential building, implemented using the Python-based modeling package Pyomo. The study aims to assess the performance of this linearized TES model for potential future implementation in a district-size MES model. As a benchmark, the optimization of the residential energy system was carried out for both the simple capacity TES model and the linearized multi-node TES model for two weeks of operation with hourly timesteps. As an objective, operation cost was minimized. The results indicate that the capacity model underestimates the operation costs by 6.7% and 2.4% compared to the multi-node model for initial conditions of TES discharged and TES fully charged, respectively. Further, it was shown that the computation time for the multi-node model depends strongly on the solver type and the initial conditions, ranging from a few seconds to several minutes.","author":[{"family":"Schilt","given":"Ueli"},{"family":"Schuetz","given":"Philipp"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20923157","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20923157","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20923158","type":"article-journal","title":"Modelling Thermal Energy Storage in Multi-Energy System Optimization","abstract":"Presentation in the framework of the Open Source Modelling and Simulation of Energy Systems (OSMSES) 2024 conference in Vienna, Austria, 3-6 September 2024. Associated publication: https://doi.org/10.1109/OSMSES62085.2024.10668977 Abstract: The transition from fossil-based to renewable energy sources requires the adoption of intermittent, decentralized energy generation technologies. Therefore, the integration of energy storage technologies is becoming increasingly important. The impact of optimal design and operation of thermal energy storage (TES) systems can be assessed through simulation and optimization studies. However, models that accurately describe TES systems while considering storage temperatures are inherently nonlinear, presenting challenges such as prolonged computation times during optimization studies. As a result, most studies on district-size multi-energy systems (MES) employ a simplified capacity model for TES, which does not account for storage temperature levels. In this study, we present first results of a linearized stratified TES model for a residential building, implemented using the Python-based modeling package Pyomo. The study aims to assess the performance of this linearized TES model for potential future implementation in a district-size MES model. As a benchmark, the optimization of the residential energy system was carried out for both the simple capacity TES model and the linearized multi-node TES model for two weeks of operation with hourly timesteps. As an objective, operation cost was minimized. The results indicate that the capacity model underestimates the operation costs by 6.7% and 2.4% compared to the multi-node model for initial conditions of TES discharged and TES fully charged, respectively. Further, it was shown that the computation time for the multi-node model depends strongly on the solver type and the initial conditions, ranging from a few seconds to several minutes.","author":[{"family":"Schilt","given":"Ueli"},{"family":"Schuetz","given":"Philipp"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20923158","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20923158","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21514164","type":"article-journal","title":"Study on Eco-Friendly Entrepreneurship and Environmentally Sustainable Business Practices in Andhra Pradesh","abstract":"Green entrepreneurship is an essential engine for sustainable economic development as it is responsible for integrating environmental sustainability with business innovation and economic development. Sustainable businesses are among the drivers of the need to accelerate the development of green technologies, renewable energy, and resources, particularly in the light of increasing environmental challenges and climate change. This study explores the emergence of green entrepreneurship and sustainable business in Andhra Pradesh. Such study is based on government reports and policy documents; published academic sources; and secondary data. It tracks green investment, startup growth and renewable energy resource development from 2019 to 2024. This study identifies significant and gradual growth of green enterprises and clean energy infrastructure, which would probably reflect a friendly policy and investment environment in the state. But still it is only financial considerations, skills gap, lack of technological knowledge, insufficient technology skills, weak market awareness and poor marketing know-how that can make it challenging for green entrepreneurs. Furthermore it indicates that the enhancement of the financial support systems; enhancement of capacity-building programs, strengthening institutional support system and strong policy delivery will be a more powerful motivator for promoting sustainable business development in Andhra Pradesh. Practical implications emerge for policymakers, entrepreneurs, and researchers interested in enhancing Eco economics in green business growth and the emergence of green entrepreneurship.","author":[{"family":"Subha","given":"B"},{"family":"Sukumar","given":"NJ"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21514164","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21514164","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21514165","type":"article-journal","title":"Study on Eco-Friendly Entrepreneurship and Environmentally Sustainable Business Practices in Andhra Pradesh","abstract":"Green entrepreneurship is an essential engine for sustainable economic development as it is responsible for integrating environmental sustainability with business innovation and economic development. Sustainable businesses are among the drivers of the need to accelerate the development of green technologies, renewable energy, and resources, particularly in the light of increasing environmental challenges and climate change. This study explores the emergence of green entrepreneurship and sustainable business in Andhra Pradesh. Such study is based on government reports and policy documents; published academic sources; and secondary data. It tracks green investment, startup growth and renewable energy resource development from 2019 to 2024. This study identifies significant and gradual growth of green enterprises and clean energy infrastructure, which would probably reflect a friendly policy and investment environment in the state. But still it is only financial considerations, skills gap, lack of technological knowledge, insufficient technology skills, weak market awareness and poor marketing know-how that can make it challenging for green entrepreneurs. Furthermore it indicates that the enhancement of the financial support systems; enhancement of capacity-building programs, strengthening institutional support system and strong policy delivery will be a more powerful motivator for promoting sustainable business development in Andhra Pradesh. Practical implications emerge for policymakers, entrepreneurs, and researchers interested in enhancing Eco economics in green business growth and the emergence of green entrepreneurship.","author":[{"family":"Subha","given":"B"},{"family":"Sukumar","given":"NJ"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21514165","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21514165","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19426884","type":"article-journal","title":"Signed Network Analysis of Photovoltaic Forecast Errors","abstract":"Background: Photovoltaic (PV) power forecast errors exhibit complex dependencies on meteorological and air quality variables. Understanding the structural patterns underlying different error regimes is essential for improving forecast reliability. Traditional correlation-based methods fail to capture the signed (positive/negative) nature of variable co-movements across error states. Methods: We constructed signed, weighted correlation networks from hourly meteorological and air quality data across three European locations (Budapest, Madrid, Rotterdam) for the year 2024. Networks were aggregated by PV forecast error state (low, high, extreme) and analyzed using graph-level metrics including local tension, negative mass ratio, and edge-support Jaccard similarity. Statistical validation employed four null model families with Benjamini-Hochberg correction for multiple testing. Results: Budapest and Rotterdam exhibited a distinct zero-regime low-error state characterized by network collapse to 6 nodes with density = 1.0, compared to 19 nodes in high/extreme states. The mean local tension in the low-error state (Budapest: 0.207, Rotterdam: 0.217) was significantly lower than null model expectations (BH-corrected q 5°) to ensure meaningful PV production and forecast comparison. 2.2 Data Sources and Variables 2.2.1 Meteorological Data Hourly meteorological observations and forecasts were obtained from the Open-Meteo API, providing access to ERA5 reanalysis (observations) and archived ECMWF IFS forecasts. The core meteorological feature set comprised 19 variables organized into two analytical layers: Layer Variables Count Core (meteorological) temperature_2m, relative_humidity_2m, dew_point_2m, surface_pressure, cloud_cover, cloud_cover_low, cloud_cover_mid, cloud_cover_high, wind_speed_10m, wind_direction_10m, wind_gusts_10m, shortwave_radiation, direct_radiation, diffuse_radiation, direct_normal_irradiance, global_tilted_irradiance, terrestrial_radiation, precipitation, weather_code 19 AQ-rich (extended) Core variables + pm10, pm2_5, dust, ozone, nitrogen_dioxide, sulphur_dioxide, carbon_monoxide 26 Table 2: Variable sets for network construction. 2.2.2 PV Production Model Reference and forecast PV production time series were computed using identical panel configurations across all locations: 5 kWp system capacity, 25° tilt angle, 180° azimuth (south-facing), with standard temperature and efficiency loss parameters. Forecast PV was computed from day-ahead (24h horizon) archived weather forecasts using the same model, ensuring that forecast-reference differences reflect forecast meteorological uncertainty rather than model discrepancies. 2.2.3 Error State Classification Forecast errors were computed as absolute differences between forecast and reference PV production. Each 24-hour daylight window was assigned to one of four error states based on the mean absolute error within that window: Error State Definition Percentile Range Low Windows with lowest forecast errors 0-25th percentile Medium Moderate forecast errors 25th-75th percentile High Elevated forecast errors 75th-95th percentile Extreme Highest forecast errors >95th percentile Table 3: Error state classification scheme. A critical methodological decision involved handling of zero-production windows (nighttime and winter periods with negligible solar input). Following validation in Stage 05C of the project, the \"exact_zero_low_positive_quantiles\" policy was adopted for Budapest and Rotterdam, where zero-production windows were assigned to the low-error state. Madrid used \"rank_pct_global\" without special zero handling due to minimal zero-production periods. 2.3 Signed Network Construction For each error state and location, signed weighted networks were constructed following these steps: Sliding window correlation: Within each 24-hour window assigned to a given error state, Spearman rank correlations were computed between all variable pairs, preserving correlation sign. State ag","author":[{"family":"Melegh","given":"Janos"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19426884","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19426884","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19426953","type":"article-journal","title":"Signed Network Analysis of Photovoltaic Forecast Errors","abstract":"Background: Photovoltaic (PV) power forecast errors exhibit complex dependencies on meteorological and air quality variables. Understanding the structural patterns underlying different error regimes is essential for improving forecast reliability. Traditional correlation-based methods fail to capture the signed (positive/negative) nature of variable co-movements across error states. Methods: We constructed signed, weighted correlation networks from hourly meteorological and air quality data across three European locations (Budapest, Madrid, Rotterdam) for the year 2024. Networks were aggregated by PV forecast error state (low, high, extreme) and analyzed using graph-level metrics including local tension, negative mass ratio, and edge-support Jaccard similarity. Statistical validation employed four null model families with Benjamini-Hochberg correction for multiple testing. Results: Budapest and Rotterdam exhibited a distinct zero-regime low-error state characterized by network collapse to 6 nodes with density = 1.0, compared to 19 nodes in high/extreme states. The mean local tension in the low-error state (Budapest: 0.207, Rotterdam: 0.217) was significantly lower than null model expectations (BH-corrected q 5°) to ensure meaningful PV production and forecast comparison. 2.2 Data Sources and Variables 2.2.1 Meteorological Data Hourly meteorological observations and forecasts were obtained from the Open-Meteo API, providing access to ERA5 reanalysis (observations) and archived ECMWF IFS forecasts. The core meteorological feature set comprised 19 variables organized into two analytical layers: Layer Variables Count Core (meteorological) temperature_2m, relative_humidity_2m, dew_point_2m, surface_pressure, cloud_cover, cloud_cover_low, cloud_cover_mid, cloud_cover_high, wind_speed_10m, wind_direction_10m, wind_gusts_10m, shortwave_radiation, direct_radiation, diffuse_radiation, direct_normal_irradiance, global_tilted_irradiance, terrestrial_radiation, precipitation, weather_code 19 AQ-rich (extended) Core variables + pm10, pm2_5, dust, ozone, nitrogen_dioxide, sulphur_dioxide, carbon_monoxide 26 Table 2: Variable sets for network construction. 2.2.2 PV Production Model Reference and forecast PV production time series were computed using identical panel configurations across all locations: 5 kWp system capacity, 25° tilt angle, 180° azimuth (south-facing), with standard temperature and efficiency loss parameters. Forecast PV was computed from day-ahead (24h horizon) archived weather forecasts using the same model, ensuring that forecast-reference differences reflect forecast meteorological uncertainty rather than model discrepancies. 2.2.3 Error State Classification Forecast errors were computed as absolute differences between forecast and reference PV production. Each 24-hour daylight window was assigned to one of four error states based on the mean absolute error within that window: Error State Definition Percentile Range Low Windows with lowest forecast errors 0-25th percentile Medium Moderate forecast errors 25th-75th percentile High Elevated forecast errors 75th-95th percentile Extreme Highest forecast errors >95th percentile Table 3: Error state classification scheme. A critical methodological decision involved handling of zero-production windows (nighttime and winter periods with negligible solar input). Following validation in Stage 05C of the project, the \"exact_zero_low_positive_quantiles\" policy was adopted for Budapest and Rotterdam, where zero-production windows were assigned to the low-error state. Madrid used \"rank_pct_global\" without special zero handling due to minimal zero-production periods. 2.3 Signed Network Construction For each error state and location, signed weighted networks were constructed following these steps: Sliding window correlation: Within each 24-hour window assigned to a given error state, Spearman rank correlations were computed between all variable pairs, preserving correlation sign. State ag","author":[{"family":"Melegh","given":"Janos"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19426953","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19426953","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21514332","type":"article-journal","title":"India","abstract":"India's transition toward a green economy represents one of the most significant structural transformations in its post-liberalization development trajectory. As climate change, environmental degradation, and resource scarcity intensify, sustainable business models and green entrepreneurship have emerged as critical drivers of inclusive and low-carbon growth. This paper investigates the entrepreneurial opportunities, structural challenges, and policy mechanisms shaping India's green economy. Using secondary data from World Bank, International Energy Agency (IEA), Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), NITI Aayog, and Start-up India databases (2010–2024), the study integrates descriptive trend analysis, correlation assessment, and sectoral growth comparisons to evaluate the evolution of green enterprises across renewable energy, circular economy, electric mobility, sustainable agriculture, and green finance sectors. Findings indicate strong positive associations between renewable energy investments and green start-up formation, significant employment multipliers in clean energy sectors, and policy-driven acceleration post-2015 following India's Paris Agreement commitments. However, structural bottlenecks—including financing constraints, regulatory uncertainty, infrastructure gaps, and technological dependency—continue to hinder scalable growth. The study proposes a multi-level policy framework integrating green finance instruments, innovation ecosystems, digital infrastructure, and ESG-aligned corporate governance to accelerate India's sustainable transition. The paper contributes to literature by offering an integrated empirical assessment of India's green entrepreneurship ecosystem within a macroeconomic sustainability framework.","author":[{"family":"Rao","given":"KS"},{"family":"Bayana","given":"Ramakrishna"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21514332","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21514332","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21514333","type":"article-journal","title":"India","abstract":"India's transition toward a green economy represents one of the most significant structural transformations in its post-liberalization development trajectory. As climate change, environmental degradation, and resource scarcity intensify, sustainable business models and green entrepreneurship have emerged as critical drivers of inclusive and low-carbon growth. This paper investigates the entrepreneurial opportunities, structural challenges, and policy mechanisms shaping India's green economy. Using secondary data from World Bank, International Energy Agency (IEA), Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), NITI Aayog, and Start-up India databases (2010–2024), the study integrates descriptive trend analysis, correlation assessment, and sectoral growth comparisons to evaluate the evolution of green enterprises across renewable energy, circular economy, electric mobility, sustainable agriculture, and green finance sectors. Findings indicate strong positive associations between renewable energy investments and green start-up formation, significant employment multipliers in clean energy sectors, and policy-driven acceleration post-2015 following India's Paris Agreement commitments. However, structural bottlenecks—including financing constraints, regulatory uncertainty, infrastructure gaps, and technological dependency—continue to hinder scalable growth. The study proposes a multi-level policy framework integrating green finance instruments, innovation ecosystems, digital infrastructure, and ESG-aligned corporate governance to accelerate India's sustainable transition. The paper contributes to literature by offering an integrated empirical assessment of India's green entrepreneurship ecosystem within a macroeconomic sustainability framework.","author":[{"family":"Rao","given":"KS"},{"family":"Bayana","given":"Ramakrishna"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21514333","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21514333","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.17632/c5k3k9rf43.1","type":"article-journal","title":"A Downscaled CMIP6 Dataset of Climate Variables and Solar Power Potential Projections for Zambia under Four SSPs, 2015–2100","abstract":"This dataset contains bias-corrected and statistically downscaled CMIP6 climate projections and derived solar power potential products for Zambia for 2015–2100 under SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5. The climate variables comprise near-surface air temperature (TAS), near-surface relative humidity (HURS), surface downwelling shortwave radiation (RSDS), near-surface wind speed (SFCWIND) and precipitation (PR). CMIP6 outputs were regridded to the 0.25° ERA5 grid and bias-corrected using monthly additive or multiplicative correction factors. The workflow used 1940–2000 for calibration and 2001–2014 for validation. The dataset includes individual downscaled GCM projections, selected climate-model ensembles, annual Zambia area-mean time series, inter-model uncertainty summaries, spatial changes relative to the 2015–2024 baseline, Sen’s slope trends with false discovery rate significance, photovoltaic power potential (PVP), concentrated solar power potential (CSP), inter-model directional agreement, variable-contribution results, spatial boundary files, preview figures and Python reproducibility scripts. Projection summaries are provided for the near-term (2025–2044), mid-century (2045–2074) and end-century (2075–2100) periods. The dataset supports climate-impact assessment, renewable-energy planning, uncertainty analysis and reproducible evaluation of future solar-energy resources in Zambia.","author":[{"family":"Sililo","given":"Sifuniso"},{"family":"Zulu","given":"Ackim"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.17632/c5k3k9rf43.1","URL":"https://doi.org/10.17632/c5k3k9rf43.1","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.17632/c5k3k9rf43","type":"article-journal","title":"A Downscaled CMIP6 Dataset of Climate Variables and Solar Power Potential Projections for Zambia under Four SSPs, 2015–2100","abstract":"This dataset contains bias-corrected and statistically downscaled CMIP6 climate projections and derived solar power potential products for Zambia for 2015–2100 under SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5. The climate variables comprise near-surface air temperature (TAS), near-surface relative humidity (HURS), surface downwelling shortwave radiation (RSDS), near-surface wind speed (SFCWIND) and precipitation (PR). CMIP6 outputs were regridded to the 0.25° ERA5 grid and bias-corrected using monthly additive or multiplicative correction factors. The workflow used 1940–2000 for calibration and 2001–2014 for validation. The dataset includes individual downscaled GCM projections, selected climate-model ensembles, annual Zambia area-mean time series, inter-model uncertainty summaries, spatial changes relative to the 2015–2024 baseline, Sen’s slope trends with false discovery rate significance, photovoltaic power potential (PVP), concentrated solar power potential (CSP), inter-model directional agreement, variable-contribution results, spatial boundary files, preview figures and Python reproducibility scripts. Projection summaries are provided for the near-term (2025–2044), mid-century (2045–2074) and end-century (2075–2100) periods. The dataset supports climate-impact assessment, renewable-energy planning, uncertainty analysis and reproducible evaluation of future solar-energy resources in Zambia.","author":[{"family":"Sililo","given":"Sifuniso"},{"family":"Zulu","given":"Ackim"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.17632/c5k3k9rf43","URL":"https://doi.org/10.17632/c5k3k9rf43","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22121331","type":"article-journal","title":"Research Dataset Underlying the Analysis of Dynamic Implementation Bottlenecks in Net Zero Aviation Pathways","abstract":"This dataset contains the consolidated research data underlying the manuscript analysis of dynamic implementation bottlenecks in net-zero aviation pathways. The dataset was constructed from five publicly available International Air Transport Association (IATA) Net Zero Roadmaps: the Aircraft Technology Net Zero Roadmap (2023), Energy and New Fuels Infrastructure Net Zero Roadmap (2023), Operations Net Zero Roadmap (2023), Net Zero CO2 Emissions Finance Roadmap (2024), and Net Zero CO2 Emissions Policy Roadmap (2024). The dataset contains 26 pathway–period observations covering six aviation decarbonization pathways: HEFA/near-term sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), power-to-liquid (PtL) SAF, hydrogen aircraft, battery-electric aircraft, operational improvements, and carbon removal. Each coded observation contains five readiness dimensions: Technology (T), Supply (S), Infrastructure (I), Finance (F), and Policy (P). The dataset also contains the average readiness score (AR), bottleneck-adjusted readiness (DBAR), binding-constraint classification, compound-bottleneck indicator, readiness gap, confidence classification, bottleneck migration results, and pathway-level persistence measures. The quantitative evidence table contains the numerical values used or reported in the manuscript, including SAF production requirements, transition costs, capital-investment requirements, renewable-fuel facility requirements, operational-efficiency indicators, infrastructure requirements, aircraft-technology benchmarks, and policy-related indicators. Source page numbers and evidence-status classifications are retained where applicable to facilitate provenance and reproducibility. The workbook further provides the roadmap-to-analysis architecture, pathway dependency chains, bottleneck-to-intervention mapping, data dictionary, methodological definitions, and quality-assurance checks. The readiness scores and associated analytical indicators are researcher-generated ordinal coding constructs based on documentary evidence from the IATA roadmaps. They are not direct physical measurements of technology, infrastructure, finance, supply, or policy readiness. Future-oriented values reported by IATA are retained according to their original status as requirements, estimates, projections, scenarios, or other forms of evidence. Derived values are explicitly identified as derived calculations. The dataset is provided to support transparency and reproducibility of the analysis reported in the associated research manuscript. The original IATA roadmap documents remain the property of the International Air Transport Association and are not redistributed as part of this dataset.","author":[{"family":"Ghatole","given":"Ghanshyam"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22121331","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22121331","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22121332","type":"article-journal","title":"Research Dataset Underlying the Analysis of Dynamic Implementation Bottlenecks in Net Zero Aviation Pathways","abstract":"This dataset contains the consolidated research data underlying the manuscript analysis of dynamic implementation bottlenecks in net-zero aviation pathways. The dataset was constructed from five publicly available International Air Transport Association (IATA) Net Zero Roadmaps: the Aircraft Technology Net Zero Roadmap (2023), Energy and New Fuels Infrastructure Net Zero Roadmap (2023), Operations Net Zero Roadmap (2023), Net Zero CO2 Emissions Finance Roadmap (2024), and Net Zero CO2 Emissions Policy Roadmap (2024). The dataset contains 26 pathway–period observations covering six aviation decarbonization pathways: HEFA/near-term sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), power-to-liquid (PtL) SAF, hydrogen aircraft, battery-electric aircraft, operational improvements, and carbon removal. Each coded observation contains five readiness dimensions: Technology (T), Supply (S), Infrastructure (I), Finance (F), and Policy (P). The dataset also contains the average readiness score (AR), bottleneck-adjusted readiness (DBAR), binding-constraint classification, compound-bottleneck indicator, readiness gap, confidence classification, bottleneck migration results, and pathway-level persistence measures. The quantitative evidence table contains the numerical values used or reported in the manuscript, including SAF production requirements, transition costs, capital-investment requirements, renewable-fuel facility requirements, operational-efficiency indicators, infrastructure requirements, aircraft-technology benchmarks, and policy-related indicators. Source page numbers and evidence-status classifications are retained where applicable to facilitate provenance and reproducibility. The workbook further provides the roadmap-to-analysis architecture, pathway dependency chains, bottleneck-to-intervention mapping, data dictionary, methodological definitions, and quality-assurance checks. The readiness scores and associated analytical indicators are researcher-generated ordinal coding constructs based on documentary evidence from the IATA roadmaps. They are not direct physical measurements of technology, infrastructure, finance, supply, or policy readiness. Future-oriented values reported by IATA are retained according to their original status as requirements, estimates, projections, scenarios, or other forms of evidence. Derived values are explicitly identified as derived calculations. The dataset is provided to support transparency and reproducibility of the analysis reported in the associated research manuscript. The original IATA roadmap documents remain the property of the International Air Transport Association and are not redistributed as part of this dataset.","author":[{"family":"Ghatole","given":"Ghanshyam"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22121332","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22121332","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.18720/spbpu/3/2026/vr/vr26-5544","type":"article-journal","title":"Application of Innovative Solar Photovoltaic Modules in Civil Buildings","abstract":"The accelerating pace of global climate change, driven primarily by fossil fuel combustion, has necessitated a rapid transition to renewable energy sources. Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology has emerged as the fastest-growing clean energy source, with global installed capacity exceeding 2.2 TW by the end of 2024. However, while PV systems generate electricity without emissions during operation, significant environmental impacts occur during manufacturing and end-of-life stages. This thesis evaluates the effectiveness of using innovative photovoltaic module technologies in civil engineering projects through a multi-criteria approach encompassing energy, environmental, and economic efficiency. The study first classifies PV technologies by generation, connection type, and deployment typology, then reviews Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology based on ISO 14040/14044 and IEA PVPS Task 12 guidelines. Four innovative PV modules are selected for comparative assessment: TW Solar TOPCon (baseline reference), AIKO Gen 3 ABC (All-Back Contact, silver-free), GCL Perovskite-Silicon Tandem (emerging tandem technology), and LONGi Hi-MO 9 (HJT). Material-based emission calculations are performed to quantify manufacturing-phase CO₂ and SO₂ emissions for each module. The methodology is then applied to a case study: a restaurant building in Latakia, Syria, where 447 m² of active PV surfaces are assessed for energy yield, avoided emissions, and levelized cost of energy (LCOE). The GCL Perovskite-Silicon Tandem achieves both the lowest total CO₂ per module (133.8 kg) and the lowest specific CO₂ emissions of all four panels (0.247 kg CO₂/Wp — a 53% reduction compared to TOPCon), based on an estimated rated power of ~541 Wp derived from the confirmed mass-production efficiency of 27.06%. LONGi HJT achieves the second-lowest specific CO₂ emissions (0.429 kg CO₂/Wp), representing an 18% reduction compared to TOPCon. All systems repay their manufacturing-phase carbon debt within 4–6 months of operation in Latakias high-irradiation, fossil-dependent grid context. LCOE values range from 0.0099 to 0.0154 USD/kWh, significantly undercutting local commercial tariffs. The thesis provides the first publicly available LCA emission estimates for the AIKO Gen 3 ABC and GCL Perovskite-Silicon Tandem modules, filling a critical gap in the literature and demonstrating that innovative PV technologies offer measurable environmental and economic advantages for civil engineering applications.","author":[{"family":"Баддур","given":"Фарах"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.18720/spbpu/3/2026/vr/vr26-5544","URL":"https://doi.org/10.18720/spbpu/3/2026/vr/vr26-5544","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21652187","type":"article-journal","title":"An errata-corrected, plant-level dataset of solar, wind and hydropower curtailment in Chile's National Electricity System (2022–2026)","abstract":"This dataset is an open, plant-level dataset of renewable energy curtailment in Chile's National Electricity System (Sistema Electrico Nacional, SEN), consolidating the public curtailment records published by the Chilean National Electricity Coordinator (Coordinador Electrico Nacional, CEN) into validated relational tables. The daily table contains 293,678 records and the hourly table 6,906,761 records, both covering the continuous period from 1 January 2022 to 31 May 2026 (1,612 days, built from all 53 monthly CEN reports) with no missing days. Days and hours without curtailment are stored explicitly as zero-valued records (49.8% of daily and 83.6% of hourly rows). Records span 300 generation plants across four technologies: solar photovoltaic (75 plants), wind (56), run-of-river hydropower (140) and reservoir hydropower (29); hydropower curtailment records are present from June 2024 onward, with hourly hydropower detail from July 2024. Each plant is linked to a metadata registry fully matched to the CEN installation catalogue (300 of 300 plants) with 18 fields including official CEN identifier, installed capacity (MW), owner, region, province, municipality, geographic coordinates, commissioning date, connection point and regulatory classification; the matching method is recorded per plant. Twelve hydropower plants are labelled inconsistently across the operator's monthly reports, alternating between the run-of-river and reservoir categories; the plant registry resolves each of them to a single canonical technology, so that a count of distinct plant-technology pairs in the raw daily table returns 312 rather than 300.","author":[{"family":"Reyes Cerda","given":"Pablo"},{"family":"Cea Morales","given":"Kerven"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21652187","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21652187","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21198816","type":"article-journal","title":"An errata-corrected, plant-level dataset of solar, wind and hydropower curtailment in Chile's National Electricity System (2022–2026)","abstract":"This dataset is an open, plant-level dataset of renewable energy curtailment in Chile's National Electricity System (Sistema Electrico Nacional, SEN), consolidating the public curtailment records published by the Chilean National Electricity Coordinator (Coordinador Electrico Nacional, CEN) into validated relational tables. The daily table contains 293,678 records and the hourly table 6,906,761 records, both covering the continuous period from 1 January 2022 to 31 May 2026 (1,612 days, built from all 53 monthly CEN reports) with no missing days. Days and hours without curtailment are stored explicitly as zero-valued records (49.8% of daily and 83.6% of hourly rows). Records span 300 generation plants across four technologies: solar photovoltaic (75 plants), wind (56), run-of-river hydropower (140) and reservoir hydropower (29); hydropower curtailment records are present from June 2024 onward, with hourly hydropower detail from July 2024. Each plant is linked to a metadata registry fully matched to the CEN installation catalogue (300 of 300 plants) with 18 fields including official CEN identifier, installed capacity (MW), owner, region, province, municipality, geographic coordinates, commissioning date, connection point and regulatory classification; the matching method is recorded per plant. Twelve hydropower plants are labelled inconsistently across the operator's monthly reports, alternating between the run-of-river and reservoir categories; the plant registry resolves each of them to a single canonical technology, so that a count of distinct plant-technology pairs in the raw daily table returns 312 rather than 300.","author":[{"family":"Reyes Cerda","given":"Pablo"},{"family":"Cea Morales","given":"Kerven"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21198816","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21198816","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21198817","type":"article-journal","title":"An errata-corrected, plant-level dataset of solar, wind and hydropower curtailment in Chile's National Electricity System (2022–2026)","abstract":"This dataset is an open, plant-level dataset of renewable energy curtailment in Chile's National Electricity System (Sistema Eléctrico Nacional, SEN), consolidating the public curtailment records published by the Chilean National Electricity Coordinator (Coordinador Eléctrico Nacional, CEN) into validated relational tables. The daily table contains 293,678 records and the hourly table 6,906,761 records, both covering the continuous period from 1 January 2022 to 31 May 2026 (1,612 days, built from all 53 monthly CEN reports) with no missing days. Days and hours without curtailment are stored explicitly as zero-valued records (49.8% of daily and 83.6% of hourly rows). Records span 300 generation plants across four technologies: solar photovoltaic (75 plants), wind (56), run-of-river hydropower (140) and reservoir hydropower (29); hydropower curtailment records are present from June 2024 onward, with hourly hydropower detail from July 2024. Each plant is linked to a metadata registry fully matched to the CEN installation catalogue (300 of 300 plants) with 18 fields including official CEN identifier, installed capacity (MW), owner, region, province, municipality, geographic coordinates, commissioning date, connection point and regulatory classification; the matching method is recorded per plant. The processing pipeline documents eight classes of errata identified in the original CEN publications (monthly reports and installation catalogue) using deterministic, code-verifiable rules (including a structural continuity check that detects omitted calendar days even when they carry zero energy), and two omitted days were recovered from the corresponding monthly hourly sheets with independent cross-checks against the source files' total columns. Every rule, affected file and treatment is documented in an accompanying errata log, and the original unmodified source files are preserved with SHA-256 checksums. Annual totals from the daily table match the CEN official summary exactly (difference 0.000 GWh) in all five years, and aggregate 2022 values reproduce the curtailment figures reported by Fraunhofer Chile with a deviation of 0.07%. In a census month-by-month reconciliation of hourly sums against daily totals, 50 of 53 months agree within 1% (42 exactly); the three remaining months reflect documented inconsistencies within the CEN's own publications. The dataset totals 19,030 GWh of recorded curtailment (1,471 GWh in 2022; 2,667 in 2023; 6,224 in 2024; 6,205 in 2025; 2,463 in January–May 2026). The deposit includes CSV and Parquet formats, a data dictionary, the errata log and integrity checksums; the processing pipeline is available in the companion repository. The data enable research on renewable energy integration, curtailment forecasting, uncertainty quantification and distribution-shift analysis in a national power system that experienced large-scale battery energy storage deployment during 2025. Cut-off date: 31 May 2026. Source: public information published by the Coordinador Electrico Nacional (CEN), Chile, used and redistributed for academic purposes with attribution to the CEN as the original source. A data article describing this dataset is in preparation.","author":[{"family":"Reyes Cerda","given":"Pablo"},{"family":"Cea Morales","given":"Kerven"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21198817","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21198817","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20683484","type":"article-journal","title":"Green Hydrogen as a Replacement of Fossil Fuel","abstract":"\"ELEMENT 81:Green Hydrogen as a Replacement of Fossil Fuel\" is a research-based clean energy project focused on replacing fossil fuels in Bangladesh using Green Hydrogen technology. The project demonstrates how renewable energy sources like solar power can produce hydrogen fuel through electrolysis of water. Unlike fossil fuels, Green Hydrogen produces almost zero carbon emissions, making it an environmentally friendly and sustainable energy solution. Bangladesh faces a deepening energy crisis from declining gas reserves, high fuel imports, and growing demand. Green hydrogen-produced by splitting water with renewable power-offers a net-zero-carbon alternative. This paper analyzes the technical, economic, environmental, and policy dimensions of replacing fossil fuels with solar-derived hydrogen in Bangladesh. We review Bangladesh-specific research (e.g. Mazumder et al. 2021[1], Islam et al. 2026[2]) and global data (IEA, IRENA). Key findings include: Bangladesh's strong solar potential supports competitive hydrogen costs (e.g. LCOH ~ BDT 3.41/kg in a DU study[1], ~USD 2.6-4.2/kg in techno-economic models[2]). PEM and alkaline electrolysers are mature; AEM and SOEC are emerging (see Table 1). Small pilot plants (100 W-5 kW) can serve research, while mid (3-5 kW) and large (20-100+ kW) systems can supply industry (see Tables 2-4 from user models). Hydrogen storage options include high-pressure tanks, liquid H₂ (LH₂), and chemical carriers; each has trade-offs. A green hydrogen economy would cut GHG emissions by avoiding CO₂ from gas, and supply valuable O₂ byproduct to industries and hospitals. Economically, high CAPEX (currently ~$600-2500/kW[3][4]) is the main barrier. Financing schemes, carbon pricing, and auctions are needed. Our recommended roadmap (Figure 1) starts with R&D and pilot projects (2024-2027), then policy frameworks and infrastructure (2025-2030), leading to commercial scale-up by 2030. With proper policies (subsidies, feed-in tariffs, standards) and workforce training, Bangladesh can build local supply chains. The project supports SDG 7 (clean energy), 9 (industry/innovation), and 13 (climate action). Detailed assumptions, cost models, and design parameters are provided in the appendix.","author":[{"family":"Zaman","given":"Azrak"},{"family":"Dhar","given":"Protik"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20683484","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20683484","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20683485","type":"article-journal","title":"Green Hydrogen as a Replacement of Fossil Fuel","abstract":"\"ELEMENT 81:Green Hydrogen as a Replacement of Fossil Fuel\" is a research-based clean energy project focused on replacing fossil fuels in Bangladesh using Green Hydrogen technology. The project demonstrates how renewable energy sources like solar power can produce hydrogen fuel through electrolysis of water. Unlike fossil fuels, Green Hydrogen produces almost zero carbon emissions, making it an environmentally friendly and sustainable energy solution. Bangladesh faces a deepening energy crisis from declining gas reserves, high fuel imports, and growing demand. Green hydrogen-produced by splitting water with renewable power-offers a net-zero-carbon alternative. This paper analyzes the technical, economic, environmental, and policy dimensions of replacing fossil fuels with solar-derived hydrogen in Bangladesh. We review Bangladesh-specific research (e.g. Mazumder et al. 2021[1], Islam et al. 2026[2]) and global data (IEA, IRENA). Key findings include: Bangladesh's strong solar potential supports competitive hydrogen costs (e.g. LCOH ~ BDT 3.41/kg in a DU study[1], ~USD 2.6-4.2/kg in techno-economic models[2]). PEM and alkaline electrolysers are mature; AEM and SOEC are emerging (see Table 1). Small pilot plants (100 W-5 kW) can serve research, while mid (3-5 kW) and large (20-100+ kW) systems can supply industry (see Tables 2-4 from user models). Hydrogen storage options include high-pressure tanks, liquid H₂ (LH₂), and chemical carriers; each has trade-offs. A green hydrogen economy would cut GHG emissions by avoiding CO₂ from gas, and supply valuable O₂ byproduct to industries and hospitals. Economically, high CAPEX (currently ~$600-2500/kW[3][4]) is the main barrier. Financing schemes, carbon pricing, and auctions are needed. Our recommended roadmap (Figure 1) starts with R&D and pilot projects (2024-2027), then policy frameworks and infrastructure (2025-2030), leading to commercial scale-up by 2030. With proper policies (subsidies, feed-in tariffs, standards) and workforce training, Bangladesh can build local supply chains. The project supports SDG 7 (clean energy), 9 (industry/innovation), and 13 (climate action). Detailed assumptions, cost models, and design parameters are provided in the appendix.","author":[{"family":"Zaman","given":"Azrak"},{"family":"Dhar","given":"Protik"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20683485","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20683485","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19171786","type":"article-journal","title":"C3: RAIDE Atom — Economic Viability of a Price-Responsive Hydroelectric Edge-Computing Node for Renewable Curtailment Mitigation","abstract":"This paper demonstrates the economic viability of a single RAIDE Atom node: a price-responsive AI compute installation co-located with a hydroelectric facility, operating exclusively on renewable energy surplus (curtailed or near-zero-cost electricity). The primary validation site is Miranda do Douro (Trás-os-Montes, Portugal), analysed across two scaling classes: M0 (20 MW IT) and M4 (144 MW IT with full floating photovoltaic coverage). The canonical value multiplier Φ_B^can = 16.8× (M_net = 1,221 €/MWh against p₀ = 72.62 €/MWh, the OMIE PT 2023–2025 mean) and the operational multiplier Φ_B^ops = 14.7× (γ = 0.875, η_occ = 0.85) are derived from ten audited constants and validated against 8,759 real OMIE 2024 hourly price observations. A dual-reference framework confirms Φ_B,real = 19.3× against the actual 2024 Portugal mean (63.19 €/MWh). Φ remains ≥ 10× under all simultaneous pessimistic conditions documented since 2020. The GPU rental breakeven price is 0.032 €/GPU-h — 47× below the current market floor of 1.50 €/GPU-h. Full-site payback is 3.1–3.7 years (IRR = 33.4%), incorporating a calibrated occupancy ramp-up trajectory (20% → 85% over three years) consistent with industry data for new compute facilities. Canonical payback without ramp-up is 2.1 years, confirmed identically at M0 and M4 — demonstrating linear scalability. A four-state Adaptive Finite Automaton (AFA) governs node behaviour with sub-50 ms transitions, monthly threshold recalibration from two publicly observable OMIE signals, and three structural invariants that hold unconditionally across all admissible market conditions. Two self-reinforcing extension mechanisms preserve all Φ invariants: an endogenous FPV expansion trigger and a self-optimising internal AI reserving κ_AI = 6% of compute capacity, self-funded at break-even +4.7 pp occupancy improvement. Cross-validation at four Iberian hydroelectric nodes — Miranda do Douro (PT, Douro), Alqueva (PT, Guadiana), Belesar (ES, Miño), and Ricobayo (ES, Esla) — confirms consistent payback across reservoir areas 12–250 km² and IT capacities 14–636 MW. Drought sensitivity analysis confirms WACC-viable payback under 1σ drought conditions across all four basins. A triple impact table across four deployment phases (Nano Atom 0.013 MW through M4 Rede Ibérica 635 MW) quantifies financial, environmental, and social returns: revenue from <1 M€/yr to 3,779 M€/yr; CO₂ avoided from <1 kt/yr to 1,448 kt/yr; jobs created from 4 to 2,540. The opportunity momentum coefficient M⁻(Δt) formalises the cost of inaction: under the base case scenario at Miranda M0, a one-year delay destroys 178.9 M€ in forgone net revenue — a cost that grows super-linearly due to infrastructure appreciation at r̄ = 0.072 yr⁻¹. Wright's Law GPU price calibration (R² = 0.992, six verified data points Jan 2023–Oct 2025, implied halving time 1.6 years) confirms sustained viability under hardware cost trajectories through at least mid-2027 for the Blackwell B200 generation. Structural comparison with China's East Data West Compute (EDWC) programme establishes a 10–40× carbon advantage and full-spectrum latency superiority for the Iberian deployment. This paper is C3 of the five-paper RAIDE series: C1: A Structural Invariant in Zero-Cost Co-Production Systems C2: A Four-Axiom Framework for Selecting High-Performance Zero-Cost Co-Production Systems C3: RAIDE Atom — Economic Viability of a Price-Responsive Hydroelectric Edge-Computing Node (this paper) — DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19632890 C4: RAIDE Network — Hub-and-Spoke Architecture for Sovereign Distributed AI Compute C5: RAIDE National — Framework Application to All 82 Eligible Portuguese Hydroelectric Nodes","author":[{"family":"Silva","given":"Daniel"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19171786","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19171786","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19520818","type":"article-journal","title":"RAIDE Atom: Economic Viability of a Price-Responsive Hydroelectric Edge-Computing Node for Renewable Curtailment Mitigation","abstract":"Iberian electricity markets recorded over 740 curtailment hours in 2024 — structural surplus that transmission investment cannot resolve at competitive cost. This paper proposes RAIDE Atom, a modular 2 MW edge-computing node co-located with hydroelectric infrastructure, converting surplus energy into AI compute at M_net = 1,053–1,159 €/MWh (η_occ = 0.85, γ = 1; canonical Φ_B = 26.6× at full throughput; operational Φ_ops = 23.2× at γ = 0.875) — a 23×–25× multiplier over spot price, quantifying the Pigouvian gap between private and social value. A four-state demand-response automaton with sub-50 ms OMIE transitions achieves a 67× infrastructure cost advantage over HV transmission. Ten audited constants yield a canonical full-site payback of 1.3 years (regime occupancy) and a ramp-up-adjusted discounted payback of 3.1–3.7 years (IRR = 33.4%). Simulation over 8,759 real OMIE 2024 observations confirms Φ ≥ 16× under all simultaneous worst-case assumptions. Cross-validation at four Iberian nodes (Miranda do Douro, Alqueva, Belesar, Ricobayo) confirms consistent payback across scales, with drought sensitivity and WACC analysis confirming structural viability. Revenue at Miranda do Douro M0: 208.6 M€/yr (simulation); full-site M4: 1,502 M€/yr. Key invariants: Φ_B = 26.6× (canonical); M_net = 1,221 €/MWh; CAPEX = 337.5 M€; IRR = 33.4%; payback 1.3 yr (regime), 3.1–3.7 yr (DCF). Companion papers: C1 Invariant (theorem): https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19520817 C2 Selection (framework): https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19520816 Keywords: RAIDE, edge computing, hydroelectric, renewable curtailment, Iberia, OMIE, demand response, AI compute, economic viability, payback analysis, IRR, sovereign AI","author":[{"family":"Silva","given":"Daniel"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19520818","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19520818","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19000381","type":"article-journal","title":"Sequencing Electrification Under Distribution Congestion","abstract":"This working paper examines a structural constraint emerging at the heart of Europe's energy transition that has received insufficient policy attention: the capacity of medium-voltage distribution networks to absorb the simultaneous acceleration of multiple electrification pathways. While European energy policy discourse has focused primarily on renewable generation capacity and transmission interconnection, the binding constraint of the coming decade is increasingly appearing at the distribution layer, specifically at the medium-voltage substations and feeders serving urban clusters, logistics corridors, and industrial districts where electrification demand is concentrating most rapidly. The paper identifies a new dynamic in terms of synchronised electrification: the simultaneous convergence of electric vehicle charging demand, AI-driven data centre baseload expansion, heat pump deployment, and industrial electrification within the same geographic clusters and within compressed timeframes. Where distribution networks historically absorbed gradual and spatially diverse demand increases, they are now encountering multiple high-capacity load classes converging at the same medium-voltage substations. The result is a growing coordination challenge that conventional reinforcement-first investment logic is not designed to handle efficiently. The paper makes three core contributions: First, it maps the structural tensions produced by synchronised electrification, correlation risk between historically independent load classes, sequencing compression of reinforcement cycles that historically unfolded over decades, capital concentration within compressed regulatory periods, tariff visibility pressure, and coordination friction across DSO administrative boundaries. Second, it proposes a modular capacity optimisation framework that introduces a controlled topology flexibility layer operating alongside traditional infrastructure reinforcement. Where headroom asymmetry exists between adjacent substations and where engineering constraints permit, specifically, where short-circuit levels, protection coordination, thermal limits, voltage stability, and N-1 contingency resilience can all be maintained, temporary load redistribution across substation clusters can extend operational headroom while long-term reinforcement proceeds. The framework is not a substitute for infrastructure investment. It is a sequencing instrument that improves investment timing precision under demand uncertainty. Third, it identifies the policy and regulatory pathways through which sequencing discipline can be embedded into European distribution planning, including capacity utilisation metrics alongside traditional reinforcement triggers, cross-DSO coordination mechanisms for electrification clusters that span administrative boundaries, incentive refinement within Regulated Asset Base frameworks, and Commission-supported pilot programmes for empirical validation. The paper draws on documented congestion challenges in the Netherlands, where several DSOs have reported regional connection queues exceeding multiple gigawatts of industrial demand, as evidence that the structural dynamics described are already materialising across European distribution networks. It identifies the Ecorys 2024 analysis of Dutch grid congestion for the Ministry of Economic Affairs as a direct real-world reference case for the framework's application. The analysis is relevant for distribution system operators managing accelerating electrification demand, national regulatory authorities designing investment frameworks for the coming decade, the European Commission's Directorate-General for Energy and Directorate-General for Transport and Mobility, and industry stakeholders in electric mobility, digital infrastructure, and industrial electrification, navigating connection constraints and reinforcement timelines. This is the second paper in a continuing research series on distribution grid constrai","author":[{"family":"Arya","given":"Abhishek"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19000381","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19000381","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19000382","type":"article-journal","title":"Sequencing Electrification Under Distribution Congestion","abstract":"This working paper examines a structural constraint emerging at the heart of Europe's energy transition that has received insufficient policy attention: the capacity of medium-voltage distribution networks to absorb the simultaneous acceleration of multiple electrification pathways. While European energy policy discourse has focused primarily on renewable generation capacity and transmission interconnection, the binding constraint of the coming decade is increasingly appearing at the distribution layer, specifically at the medium-voltage substations and feeders serving urban clusters, logistics corridors, and industrial districts where electrification demand is concentrating most rapidly. The paper identifies a new dynamic in terms of synchronised electrification: the simultaneous convergence of electric vehicle charging demand, AI-driven data centre baseload expansion, heat pump deployment, and industrial electrification within the same geographic clusters and within compressed timeframes. Where distribution networks historically absorbed gradual and spatially diverse demand increases, they are now encountering multiple high-capacity load classes converging at the same medium-voltage substations. The result is a growing coordination challenge that conventional reinforcement-first investment logic is not designed to handle efficiently. The paper makes three core contributions: First, it maps the structural tensions produced by synchronised electrification, correlation risk between historically independent load classes, sequencing compression of reinforcement cycles that historically unfolded over decades, capital concentration within compressed regulatory periods, tariff visibility pressure, and coordination friction across DSO administrative boundaries. Second, it proposes a modular capacity optimisation framework that introduces a controlled topology flexibility layer operating alongside traditional infrastructure reinforcement. Where headroom asymmetry exists between adjacent substations and where engineering constraints permit, specifically, where short-circuit levels, protection coordination, thermal limits, voltage stability, and N-1 contingency resilience can all be maintained, temporary load redistribution across substation clusters can extend operational headroom while long-term reinforcement proceeds. The framework is not a substitute for infrastructure investment. It is a sequencing instrument that improves investment timing precision under demand uncertainty. Third, it identifies the policy and regulatory pathways through which sequencing discipline can be embedded into European distribution planning, including capacity utilisation metrics alongside traditional reinforcement triggers, cross-DSO coordination mechanisms for electrification clusters that span administrative boundaries, incentive refinement within Regulated Asset Base frameworks, and Commission-supported pilot programmes for empirical validation. The paper draws on documented congestion challenges in the Netherlands, where several DSOs have reported regional connection queues exceeding multiple gigawatts of industrial demand, as evidence that the structural dynamics described are already materialising across European distribution networks. It identifies the Ecorys 2024 analysis of Dutch grid congestion for the Ministry of Economic Affairs as a direct real-world reference case for the framework's application. The analysis is relevant for distribution system operators managing accelerating electrification demand, national regulatory authorities designing investment frameworks for the coming decade, the European Commission's Directorate-General for Energy and Directorate-General for Transport and Mobility, and industry stakeholders in electric mobility, digital infrastructure, and industrial electrification, navigating connection constraints and reinforcement timelines. This is the second paper in a continuing research series on distribution grid constrai","author":[{"family":"Arya","given":"Abhishek"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19000382","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19000382","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20175030","type":"article-journal","title":"ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN GOING CONCERN PT BUKIT ASAM TBK DITINJAU DARI KONDISI KEUANGAN DAN OPERASIONAL PERIODE 2022–2024","abstract":"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan perusahaan dalam mempertahankan kelangsungan usaha (going concern) pada PT Bukit Asam Tbk selama periode 2022–2024. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kondisi industri batu bara yang menghadapi berbagai dinamika, seperti fluktuasi harga batu bara global, transisi energi, dan meningkatnya tuntutan penerapan Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) yang dapat memengaruhi keberlangsungan usaha perusahaan tambang. Dalam kondisi tersebut, perusahaan dituntut mampu menjaga stabilitas keuangan dan operasional guna mempertahankan keberlangsungan usahanya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan analisis laporan keuangan. Data penelitian diperoleh dari laporan keuangan tahunan PT Bukit Asam Tbk periode 2022–2024. Analisis dilakukan melalui penilaian kondisi keuangan perusahaan, seperti profitabilitas, likuiditas, kemampuan memenuhi kewajiban, serta stabilitas operasional perusahaan dalam mendukung going concern. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PT Bukit Asam Tbk memiliki kondisi keuangan dan operasional yang relatif baik selama periode penelitian. Perusahaan mampu menjaga stabilitas pendapatan, profitabilitas, serta kemampuan memenuhi kewajibannya di tengah dinamika industri batu bara. Selain itu, perusahaan juga melakukan transformasi bisnis melalui pengembangan hilirisasi batu bara dan energi baru terbarukan sebagai strategi keberlanjutan usaha. Dengan demikian, PT Bukit Asam Tbk dinilai masih memiliki kemampuan untuk mempertahankan kelangsungan usahanya (going concern).","author":[{"family":"Lia Damita","given":"Sari"},{"family":"Carmel","given":"Meiden"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20175030","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20175030","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20175031","type":"article-journal","title":"ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN GOING CONCERN PT BUKIT ASAM TBK DITINJAU DARI KONDISI KEUANGAN DAN OPERASIONAL PERIODE 2022–2024","abstract":"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan perusahaan dalam mempertahankan kelangsungan usaha (going concern) pada PT Bukit Asam Tbk selama periode 2022–2024. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kondisi industri batu bara yang menghadapi berbagai dinamika, seperti fluktuasi harga batu bara global, transisi energi, dan meningkatnya tuntutan penerapan Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) yang dapat memengaruhi keberlangsungan usaha perusahaan tambang. Dalam kondisi tersebut, perusahaan dituntut mampu menjaga stabilitas keuangan dan operasional guna mempertahankan keberlangsungan usahanya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan analisis laporan keuangan. Data penelitian diperoleh dari laporan keuangan tahunan PT Bukit Asam Tbk periode 2022–2024. Analisis dilakukan melalui penilaian kondisi keuangan perusahaan, seperti profitabilitas, likuiditas, kemampuan memenuhi kewajiban, serta stabilitas operasional perusahaan dalam mendukung going concern. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PT Bukit Asam Tbk memiliki kondisi keuangan dan operasional yang relatif baik selama periode penelitian. Perusahaan mampu menjaga stabilitas pendapatan, profitabilitas, serta kemampuan memenuhi kewajibannya di tengah dinamika industri batu bara. Selain itu, perusahaan juga melakukan transformasi bisnis melalui pengembangan hilirisasi batu bara dan energi baru terbarukan sebagai strategi keberlanjutan usaha. Dengan demikian, PT Bukit Asam Tbk dinilai masih memiliki kemampuan untuk mempertahankan kelangsungan usahanya (going concern).","author":[{"family":"Lia Damita","given":"Sari"},{"family":"Carmel","given":"Meiden"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20175031","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20175031","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21285242","type":"article-journal","title":"Dataset and model outputs for hybrid battery-hydrogen energy storage reliability-cost assessment in Australia's National Electricity Market","abstract":"This dataset supports the manuscript entitled “From Short-Duration Batteries to Seasonal Hydrogen: Reliability-Cost Trade-offs of Hybrid Energy Storage under High Renewable Penetration in Australia’s National Electricity Market”. The dataset contains processed AEMO regional demand data, CSIRO-AEMO GenCost-based technology cost assumptions, model-ready inputs, full hydrogen cost assumptions, and model output tables used to evaluate battery-only, hydrogen-only and hybrid battery-hydrogen storage systems across Australia’s National Electricity Market regions. The analysis covers New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania and Victoria for the 2024 modelling year under three renewable availability scenarios: VRE_120, VRE_150 and VRE_200. The repository includes final model-ready datasets, expanded-grid model outputs, full hydrogen cost sensitivity results, paper-ready summary tables, code/notebook files and documentation.","author":[{"family":"Gökalp","given":"Sevi̇m"},{"family":"Yeşilyurt","given":"Cavit"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21285242","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21285242","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21285243","type":"article-journal","title":"Dataset and model outputs for hybrid battery-hydrogen energy storage reliability-cost assessment in Australia's National Electricity Market","abstract":"This dataset supports the manuscript entitled “From Short-Duration Batteries to Seasonal Hydrogen: Reliability-Cost Trade-offs of Hybrid Energy Storage under High Renewable Penetration in Australia’s National Electricity Market”. The dataset contains processed AEMO regional demand data, CSIRO-AEMO GenCost-based technology cost assumptions, model-ready inputs, full hydrogen cost assumptions, and model output tables used to evaluate battery-only, hydrogen-only and hybrid battery-hydrogen storage systems across Australia’s National Electricity Market regions. The analysis covers New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania and Victoria for the 2024 modelling year under three renewable availability scenarios: VRE_120, VRE_150 and VRE_200. The repository includes final model-ready datasets, expanded-grid model outputs, full hydrogen cost sensitivity results, paper-ready summary tables, code/notebook files and documentation.","author":[{"family":"Gökalp","given":"Sevi̇m"},{"family":"Yeşilyurt","given":"Cavit"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21285243","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21285243","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22181619","type":"article-journal","title":"PLANETARY SR VIII — SPAIN: Regionalized Public Provision, Renewable-Energy Expansion, Housing Pressure, and Labour-Market Recomposition","abstract":"PLANETARY SR VIII — SPAIN Description Planetary SR VIII — Spain provides a structural diagnostic of Spain as a coupled institutional–population system, using evidence from 2000–2025 with 2026 verification. The paper identifies Spain’s continuity architecture as regionally delivered public capacity supported by national–EU fiscal buffers, rapid renewable‑energy expansion, persistent housing pressure, and labour‑market reorganization. Spain’s macro profile—“OECD projected 2.9% GDP growth in 2025, unemployment of 10.6%, and Maastricht debt near 99.4% of GDP”—coexists with strong territorial variation in access, affordability, and service conversion. The study distinguishes universal statutory coverage from effective access, showing how autonomous‑community differences in health, education, housing, and labour conditions shape continuity beneath strong national growth. As the document notes, “renewables supplied 55.5% of electricity generation in 2025… rising to 56.6% including estimated self‑consumption,” demonstrating rapid restoration in the energy system alongside unresolved housing and distributional pressure. Contribution This paper extends the Planetary SR comparative series by introducing a new continuity topology distinct from Canada, the United States, Mexico, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, and Italy. Spain’s configuration strengthens SR fields such as Planetary Pressure Ecology, Institutional Reflex Science, Planetary Drift Mechanics, and Cross‑Domain Propagation by showing how decentralized delivery, EU‑supported fiscal buffering, renewable‑energy restoration, and housing‑market constraints interact across 17 autonomous communities. The document provides high‑resolution evidence for SR’s frozen hypotheses, including compensated continuity, unequal insulation, surface–substrate divergence, and reorganization. It also contributes to the ATLAS architecture by demonstrating how rapid macro‑level restoration—particularly in energy—can coexist with persistent substrate‑level constraints in housing, labour mobility, and regional access. As the paper states, “A new country contributes only if its mechanism is empirically distinguishable from these existing configurations,” and Spain meets this criterion through its unique blend of regionalized public provision, renewable expansion, and housing‑driven pressure ecology.","author":[{"family":"Rupture","given":"Signal"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22181619","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22181619","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22181620","type":"article-journal","title":"PLANETARY SR VIII — SPAIN: Regionalized Public Provision, Renewable-Energy Expansion, Housing Pressure, and Labour-Market Recomposition","abstract":"PLANETARY SR VIII — SPAIN Description Planetary SR VIII — Spain provides a structural diagnostic of Spain as a coupled institutional–population system, using evidence from 2000–2025 with 2026 verification. The paper identifies Spain’s continuity architecture as regionally delivered public capacity supported by national–EU fiscal buffers, rapid renewable‑energy expansion, persistent housing pressure, and labour‑market reorganization. Spain’s macro profile—“OECD projected 2.9% GDP growth in 2025, unemployment of 10.6%, and Maastricht debt near 99.4% of GDP”—coexists with strong territorial variation in access, affordability, and service conversion. The study distinguishes universal statutory coverage from effective access, showing how autonomous‑community differences in health, education, housing, and labour conditions shape continuity beneath strong national growth. As the document notes, “renewables supplied 55.5% of electricity generation in 2025… rising to 56.6% including estimated self‑consumption,” demonstrating rapid restoration in the energy system alongside unresolved housing and distributional pressure. Contribution This paper extends the Planetary SR comparative series by introducing a new continuity topology distinct from Canada, the United States, Mexico, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, and Italy. Spain’s configuration strengthens SR fields such as Planetary Pressure Ecology, Institutional Reflex Science, Planetary Drift Mechanics, and Cross‑Domain Propagation by showing how decentralized delivery, EU‑supported fiscal buffering, renewable‑energy restoration, and housing‑market constraints interact across 17 autonomous communities. The document provides high‑resolution evidence for SR’s frozen hypotheses, including compensated continuity, unequal insulation, surface–substrate divergence, and reorganization. It also contributes to the ATLAS architecture by demonstrating how rapid macro‑level restoration—particularly in energy—can coexist with persistent substrate‑level constraints in housing, labour mobility, and regional access. As the paper states, “A new country contributes only if its mechanism is empirically distinguishable from these existing configurations,” and Spain meets this criterion through its unique blend of regionalized public provision, renewable expansion, and housing‑driven pressure ecology.","author":[{"family":"Rupture","given":"Signal"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22181620","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22181620","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22142519","type":"article-journal","title":"kkijano/wtcbfdp: EDP dataset preprocessing","abstract":"A Cluster-Based Filtering Approach to SCADA Data Preprocessing for Wind Turbine Condition Monitoring and Fault Detection About The repository contains a code implementation in a form of Jupyter Notebook for the data preprocessing described in the whitepaper \"A Cluster-Based Filtering Approach to SCADA Data Preprocessing for Wind Turbine Condition Monitoring and Fault Detection\" (doi: 10.3390/en18225954).The code, accesible in notebook.ipynb, presents the processing workflow outlined in the Section 2 of the article. Research article information Authors: Krzysztof Kijanowski, Tomasz Barszcz, Phong Ba Dao Published in: Energies 2025 as part of the Special Issue Machine Learning in Renewable Energy Resource Assessment Abstract The high cost of wind turbine maintenance has intensified the need for reliable fault detection and condition monitoring methods. While Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems provide valuable operational data, the raw signals often contain noise, outliers, and missing or redundant entries, which can compromise analysis accuracy. This study presents a novel cluster-based outlier removal approach for SCADA data preprocessing, featuring a unique flexibility to include or exclude negative power values – a factor rarely investigated but potentially critical for fault detection performance. The method applies the K-Means++ unsupervised clustering algorithm to group data points along the wind speed–power curve. The number of clusters is determined heuristically using the elbow method, while outliers are identified through Mahalanobis distance with thresholds derived from Chebyshev’s inequality theorem. The approach was validated using SCADA data from a wind farm in Portugal and further assessed with a CUSUM test-based structural change detection method to study how preprocessing choices – outlier thresholds (5% vs. 1%) and inclusion/exclusion of negative power values – affect early fault identification. Results demonstrate reliable fault detection up to 14 days before failure, retaining over 99% of the original dataset. This work provides key insights into preprocessing impacts on model reliability and offers an open-source Python implementation for reproducibility: https://github.com/kkijano/wtcbfdp. Repository description In the repository there are two code files notebook.ipyny and split-raw-data.ipynb. The first one contains code described in the article. The second one is a utility code that should split the original data set file into sub-datasets containing data for each wind turbine separately. Requirements The list of required dependencies is available in the requirements.txt file. The notebooks were developed with Python 3.10.18. requirements.txt: matplotlib==3.10.5 numpy==2.3.2 pandas==2.3.2 scikit_learn==1.7.1 scipy==1.16.1 To install all the required dependecies run the following command in you terminal: pip install -r requirements.txt You will find the instructions of code usage and setup in each notebook. To run a notebook you need to use Jupyter Notebook. Citation MDPI and ACS Style Kijanowski, K.; Barszcz, T.; Dao, P.B. A Cluster-Based Filtering Approach to SCADA Data Preprocessing for Wind Turbine Condition Monitoring and Fault Detection. Energies 2025, 18, 5954. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18225954 AMA Style Kijanowski K, Barszcz T, Dao PB. A Cluster-Based Filtering Approach to SCADA Data Preprocessing for Wind Turbine Condition Monitoring and Fault Detection. Energies. 2025; 18(22):5954. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18225954 Chicago/Turabian Style Kijanowski, Krzysztof, Tomasz Barszcz, and Phong Ba Dao. 2025. \"A Cluster-Based Filtering Approach to SCADA Data Preprocessing for Wind Turbine Condition Monitoring and Fault Detection\" Energies 18, no. 22: 5954. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18225954 APA Style Kijanowski, K., Barszcz, T., & Dao, P. B. (2025). A Cluster-Based Filtering Approach to SCADA Data Preprocessing for Wind Turbine Condition Monitoring and Fault Detection. Energies, 18(","author":[{"family":"Kijanowski","given":"Krzysztof"},{"family":"Syed","given":"Nasir"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22142519","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22142519","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.20381/ruor-32192","type":"article-journal","title":"What is Arctic Sustainable Development? Pressuring Energy Development and Natural Resource Exploitation under Inuit Self-Determination in Nunavut and Kalaallit Nunaat","abstract":"As the media and states have picked up on the narrative of the Arctic as a goldmine for rare earths and minerals and resources, both Nunavut and Greenland are at the centre of international attention. The coming to power of President Trump of the United States of America in 2025 has started with a second heavy push to purchase Greenland from Denmark. Greenlandic officials however have reiterated that the answer to these pressures is not a debate on who would be a better colonizer between Denmark and the USA, but to remain focused on Greenland’s self-determination and path towards independence. Meanwhile, in the case of Canada’s Arctic, midst the threats to Canadian sovereignty by claiming the country as a 51st state, Inuit officials in Nunavut remain clear on their own path towards self-determination within the Canadian federacy. This thesis-by-article is situated within this complex social, political and economic ecosystem and asks the fundamental question: “How do global and national energy-transition resource exploitation pressures reconfigure environmental governance in Greenland and Nunavut?” The first article of the thesis-by-articles – published in the Arctic Yearbook - dissects the underpinning political dynamics in regional natural resource development and global decarbonization. The main research question for this article is “How are natural resource exploitation pressures during the global energy transition reshaping environmental governance in Greenland and Nunavut, and what do these dynamics reveal about the applicability of Arctic Exceptionalism as a defining concept for the region?” The second article – currently under review with The Polar Journal - continues with the topic of natural resource development in line with Inuit self-determination, zooming in in Greenland as an independent state-to-be. It asks “How do Greenland’s political–economic choices in resource and energy development shape its pursuit of energy sovereignty?” The third article – published at The Northern Review - zooms in on Nunavut at the municipal and territorial governance level and dives deeper in the question of Inuit knowledge advanced by the previous article. The study asks “In what ways are community consultation practices and Inuit Knowledge embedded in renewable-energy decision-making in Nunavut, and how effective are they under Nunavut, Canadian, and international frameworks?” The articles each identify key findings for the fields of International Relations and critical political geography in their applicability to Arctic studies. The thesis helps address theoretical gaps of epistemological nature and empirical gaps in this field through a multidisciplinary approach. The main findings of the first article point towards an enmeshment of regional securitization with imperatives of environmental (sustainable) governance. Specifically, natural resource development (especially mining) has become a powerful avenue for decolonial and ecological self-determination against the colonial state (Canada and Denmark) and international growing pressures. The main findings of the second article are situated at the conceptual refining of the tensions between agency and structure where energy sovereignty, under the ‘post’ of Greenland’s colonial era, is structured by a balancing act between extractivism and ecology. Global interests thereby underscore Greenland’s sustainable development paradigm. The results elaborated on in the third article how differences in (i) federal language versus territorial language, in (ii) the theory of centering Inuit knowledge versus its implementation, and in (iii) the theory of community consultation based in the Duty to Consult and the Free, Prior and Informed consent frameworks versus its implementation in federal and territorial policy on resource and energy development. These tensions between the federal, the territorial, and intra-territorial, showcase how Inuit self-determination becomes a maneuver against colon","author":[{"family":"Soer","given":"Anna"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.20381/ruor-32192","URL":"https://doi.org/10.20381/ruor-32192","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20593094","type":"article-journal","title":"REMix-NZ energy system optimisation dataset: five scenarios for electricity, heat and transport decarbonisation, 2020 to 2050","abstract":"This dataset contains the input data, model build scripts, and optimisation results for a multi-sector energy system model of Aotearoa New Zealand covering the period from 2020 to 2050. The model is developed using the open-source REMix framework and solved at hourly temporal resolution across 11 regional nodes, capturing the full electricity grid as well as heat and transport energy demands. Five long-term scenarios are included: GP (Global Projections): energy demand and technology cost assumptions consistent with global trend projections for Aotearoa New Zealand NT (National Targets): a pathway aligned with (and limited to) Aotearoa New Zealand's official emissions reduction targets ELEC+ (Electrification+): an accelerated direct electrification scenario for heat and transport end-uses BIO+ (Biomass+): a pathway with expanded bioenergy carriers and biomass-based fuel conversion H2+ (Hydrogen+): a pathway with more indirect electrification with green hydrogen and derivatives The model includes electricity generation (hydro, geothermal, solar PV, onshore and offshore wind, gas turbines, biomass, coal, diesel), hydropower reservoirs, battery storage, and an extensive multi-energy system with electrolysers, methanisers, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, direct air capture (DAC), and hydrogen fuel cells. Each scenario is optimised for system cost minimisation subject to a net-zero CO₂ constraint in 2050. Contents of this repository: Python scripts for building model input data (build.py), running the GAMS optimisation (run.py), and post-processing results (evaluate_scenarios.py) Input data: regional power plant database, hourly electricity demand profiles (8,760 h/year), renewable energy potential and capacity factors, multi-sector fuel demand projections GAMS result files (.gdx) for all five scenarios across seven model years (2020, 2025, 2030, 2035, 2040, 2045, 2050) Software requirements: Python ≥ 3.10, REMix framework, GAMS with Gurobi or CPLEX solver.","author":[{"family":"Canessa","given":"Rafaella"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20593094","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20593094","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20593095","type":"article-journal","title":"REMix-NZ energy system optimisation dataset: five scenarios for electricity, heat and transport decarbonisation, 2020 to 2050","abstract":"This dataset contains the input data, model build scripts, and optimisation results for a multi-sector energy system model of Aotearoa New Zealand covering the period from 2020 to 2050. The model is developed using the open-source REMix framework and solved at hourly temporal resolution across 11 regional nodes, capturing the full electricity grid as well as heat and transport energy demands. Five long-term scenarios are included: GP (Global Projections): energy demand and technology cost assumptions consistent with global trend projections for Aotearoa New Zealand NT (National Targets): a pathway aligned with (and limited to) Aotearoa New Zealand's official emissions reduction targets ELEC+ (Electrification+): an accelerated direct electrification scenario for heat and transport end-uses BIO+ (Biomass+): a pathway with expanded bioenergy carriers and biomass-based fuel conversion H2+ (Hydrogen+): a pathway with more indirect electrification with green hydrogen and derivatives The model includes electricity generation (hydro, geothermal, solar PV, onshore and offshore wind, gas turbines, biomass, coal, diesel), hydropower reservoirs, battery storage, and an extensive multi-energy system with electrolysers, methanisers, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, direct air capture (DAC), and hydrogen fuel cells. Each scenario is optimised for system cost minimisation subject to a net-zero CO₂ constraint in 2050. Contents of this repository: Python scripts for building model input data (build.py), running the GAMS optimisation (run.py), and post-processing results (evaluate_scenarios.py) Input data: regional power plant database, hourly electricity demand profiles (8,760 h/year), renewable energy potential and capacity factors, multi-sector fuel demand projections GAMS result files (.gdx) for all five scenarios across seven model years (2020, 2025, 2030, 2035, 2040, 2045, 2050) Software requirements: Python ≥ 3.10, REMix framework, GAMS with Gurobi or CPLEX solver.","author":[{"family":"Canessa","given":"Rafaella"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20593095","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20593095","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19854273","type":"article-journal","title":"Man0EUvRE CS3 Dataset: Renewable Pulls and Industry Relocation","abstract":"Final Industrial Energy Demand under Renewable Energy Endowment Shocks – Simulation Results from Case Study 3 (Man0EUvRE Project) Description: This dataset contains simulation results on sector- and country-level final industrial energy demand generated by the agent-based macroeconomic model developed in Case Study 3 (CS3) of the Man0EUvRE project (\"Energy System Modelling for Transition to a net-Zero 2050 for EU via REPowerEU\", Grant Agreement No. 101069750, co-funded by the European Commission under the CETPartnership Joint Call 2022). Scientific context The transition to renewable energy reshapes industrial competitiveness because the distribution of renewable resources is geographically uneven. Regions endowed with abundant low-cost renewable electricity may develop new comparative advantages, potentially attracting industrial production – a mechanism referred to as the renewable pull effect (Samadi et al., 2023). CS3 investigates how such heterogeneous renewable energy endowments affect industrial relocation decisions and the resulting country-specific final energy demand across Europe. The underlying model is a discrete-time, agent-based, stock-flow consistent macroeconomic simulation framework built with the open-source sfctools library (DLR). It represents 30 industrial sectors across 11 European countries in a multi-regional input–output structure calibrated to EXIOBASE 3.9.5. Firms are heterogeneous agents that compare unit production costs across countries and may relocate probabilistically (multinomial logit rule with home bias and congestion frictions) or – in an extension scenario – switch products within a capability-constrained product space. Energy endowment shocks are derived from the renewable export cost index of Kan et al. (2025) and applied as permanent proportional changes to country-level energy endowments at the mid-point of each simulation run (T = 340 periods, 20 Monte Carlo repetitions per scenario). Dataset contents The dataset consists of two files reporting Monte Carlo summary statistics of final industrial energy demand: CS3_IAMC_2022_means.xlsx – Monte Carlo means across 20 simulation runs CS3_IAMC_2022_medians.xlsx – Monte Carlo medians across 20 simulation runs Both files follow the IAMC data format (long format: Model / Scenario / Region / Variable / Unit / 2022) and report final energy demand in EJ/yr for the post-shock equilibrium state. Variables include sector-level demand for 30 explicitly modelled industries (e.g. Final Energy|Industry|C_STEL for steel, Final Energy|Industry|C_CHEM for chemicals) as well as aggregate categories (Final Energy|Industry, Final Energy|Industry|Other, Final Energy|Industry|FossilFeedstock). Scenarios Five scenarios are included, varying behavioral and adjustment parameters while holding all other calibration targets and endowment shocks constant: Scenario β_C κ τ Product switching Reference No-Shock 8.0 0.02 2.0 Off Base Shock 8.0 0.02 2.0 Off Beta_High Shock 16.0 0.02 2.0 Off HB_Low Shock 8.0 0.00 2.0 Off Temp_Low Shock 8.0 0.02 1.5 Off With_Prodswitch Shock 8.0 0.02 2.0 On The Reference No-Shock scenario provides the counterfactual baseline without any energy endowment modification. The remaining scenarios apply regional renewable energy endowment shocks (δ_r) derived from Kan et al. (2025) and differ only in relocation friction and cost-sensitivity parameters, enabling robustness analysis. Geographic and sectoral scope Regions: Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden. Explicitly modelled industries (30): aluminium (C_ALUM), chemicals (C_CHEM), cement (C_CMNT), copper (C_COPP), ceramics (C_CRMC), electrical machinery (C_ELMA), fabricated metals (C_FABM), furniture (C_FURN), garments (C_GARM), glass (C_GLAS), leather (C_LETH), lead/zinc/tin products (C_LZTP), machinery and equipment (C_MACH), media (C_MDIA), medical instruments (C_MEIN), motor vehicles (C_MOTO), nitrogen fertilisers (C_NFER), office mach","author":[{"family":"Baldauf","given":"Thomas"},{"family":"Eschmann","given":"Jonas"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19854273","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19854273","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19854274","type":"article-journal","title":"Man0EUvRE CS3 Dataset: Renewable Pulls and Industry Relocation","abstract":"Final Industrial Energy Demand under Renewable Energy Endowment Shocks – Simulation Results from Case Study 3 (Man0EUvRE Project) Description: This dataset contains simulation results on sector- and country-level final industrial energy demand generated by the agent-based macroeconomic model developed in Case Study 3 (CS3) of the Man0EUvRE project (\"Energy System Modelling for Transition to a net-Zero 2050 for EU via REPowerEU\", Grant Agreement No. 101069750, co-funded by the European Commission under the CETPartnership Joint Call 2022). Scientific context The transition to renewable energy reshapes industrial competitiveness because the distribution of renewable resources is geographically uneven. Regions endowed with abundant low-cost renewable electricity may develop new comparative advantages, potentially attracting industrial production – a mechanism referred to as the renewable pull effect (Samadi et al., 2023). CS3 investigates how such heterogeneous renewable energy endowments affect industrial relocation decisions and the resulting country-specific final energy demand across Europe. The underlying model is a discrete-time, agent-based, stock-flow consistent macroeconomic simulation framework built with the open-source sfctools library (DLR). It represents 30 industrial sectors across 11 European countries in a multi-regional input–output structure calibrated to EXIOBASE 3.9.5. Firms are heterogeneous agents that compare unit production costs across countries and may relocate probabilistically (multinomial logit rule with home bias and congestion frictions) or – in an extension scenario – switch products within a capability-constrained product space. Energy endowment shocks are derived from the renewable export cost index of Kan et al. (2025) and applied as permanent proportional changes to country-level energy endowments at the mid-point of each simulation run (T = 340 periods, 20 Monte Carlo repetitions per scenario). Dataset contents The dataset consists of two files reporting Monte Carlo summary statistics of final industrial energy demand: CS3_IAMC_2022_means.xlsx – Monte Carlo means across 20 simulation runs CS3_IAMC_2022_medians.xlsx – Monte Carlo medians across 20 simulation runs Both files follow the IAMC data format (long format: Model / Scenario / Region / Variable / Unit / 2022) and report final energy demand in EJ/yr for the post-shock equilibrium state. Variables include sector-level demand for 30 explicitly modelled industries (e.g. Final Energy|Industry|C_STEL for steel, Final Energy|Industry|C_CHEM for chemicals) as well as aggregate categories (Final Energy|Industry, Final Energy|Industry|Other, Final Energy|Industry|FossilFeedstock). Scenarios Five scenarios are included, varying behavioral and adjustment parameters while holding all other calibration targets and endowment shocks constant: Scenario β_C κ τ Product switching Reference No-Shock 8.0 0.02 2.0 Off Base Shock 8.0 0.02 2.0 Off Beta_High Shock 16.0 0.02 2.0 Off HB_Low Shock 8.0 0.00 2.0 Off Temp_Low Shock 8.0 0.02 1.5 Off With_Prodswitch Shock 8.0 0.02 2.0 On The Reference No-Shock scenario provides the counterfactual baseline without any energy endowment modification. The remaining scenarios apply regional renewable energy endowment shocks (δ_r) derived from Kan et al. (2025) and differ only in relocation friction and cost-sensitivity parameters, enabling robustness analysis. Geographic and sectoral scope Regions: Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden. Explicitly modelled industries (30): aluminium (C_ALUM), chemicals (C_CHEM), cement (C_CMNT), copper (C_COPP), ceramics (C_CRMC), electrical machinery (C_ELMA), fabricated metals (C_FABM), furniture (C_FURN), garments (C_GARM), glass (C_GLAS), leather (C_LETH), lead/zinc/tin products (C_LZTP), machinery and equipment (C_MACH), media (C_MDIA), medical instruments (C_MEIN), motor vehicles (C_MOTO), nitrogen fertilisers (C_NFER), office mach","author":[{"family":"Baldauf","given":"Thomas"},{"family":"Eschmann","given":"Jonas"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19854274","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19854274","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20059058","type":"article-journal","title":"The Floating Fleet Platform: Crisis Water Architecture, Self-Healing Ceramic Hull, Telescopic Rock-Anchored Towers, Mobile Metropolitan Water Supply, and a Ceramic Coating Family from Ocean Surface to Orbital Re-entry","abstract":"Abstract HCTGS v20.0 V2 documents the complete floating HCTGS fleet platform architecture — first introduced as Novel Contribution NC-5 in HCTGS v19.0 Sicilia (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20055017) — as a standalone, fully specified system for crisis water production, metropolitan water supply, strategic reserve deployment, and green hydrogen generation at sea. The floating platform operates on a 60/40 submersion ratio derived from six decades of semi-submersible offshore drilling platform engineering. The submerged section (60%) houses the Mg combustion chamber (1,500°C, sealed thermally insulated hull compartment), ORC turbine hall, sequential mineral crystallisation chambers (NaCl → KCl → concentrated Br/Li/Sr/B bittern), BMED chemical production modules, and a dedicated hydrogen electrolysis hall producing green H₂ at $0.80–1.20/kg from ORC electricity surplus — the lowest documented cost for any green hydrogen production pathway. The above-water section (40%) carries telescopic towers (carbon-fibre/Al₂O₃ composite, collapsed 20–30m, deployed 60–100m, 50% lighter than steel), sealed Mg fuel storage, mineral storage tanks, and pharmaceutical processing infrastructure. The scaling architecture is the central economic insight: the floating platform is the only HCTGS variant where scale reduces per-unit cost rather than increasing complexity. A single-tower platform produces 12,000 m³/day at EUR 8–15M CAPEX with 18–24 month payback. A six-tower mega-platform produces 72,000 m³/day with dedicated H₂ production at EUR 0.80–1.20/kg and 12–16 month payback. A ten-platform metropolitan fleet delivers 720,000 m³/day — sufficient for 5–7 million people — through flexible hoses to existing shore distribution networks, generating $2.6B/yr in water revenue alone at crisis pricing, with no fixed coastal infrastructure required. The self-healing ceramic hull — Al₂O₃/MXene 8-layer gradient coating system (standard variant, 118–165 μm) and Al₂O₃/AlON 12-layer heavy duty variant (380–520 μm) — applies the nacre crack-deflection principle: alternating Al₂O₃ hard layers, ZrO₂-toughened Al₂O₃ (ZTA) transformation toughening layers, and MXene Ti₃C₂Tₓ elasticity and cathodic conductivity interlayers, terminated by a Fluoro-Al₂O₃ hydrophobic anti-fouling top coat at Ra 0.5 μm not reached, IMO 2030 compliant, 8–15% fuel saving); NC-10 (superyacht and recreational marine hull coating — 150,000+ Mediterranean vessels, eliminates €850,000–1,600,000 per 40m vessel in 20-year maintenance and fuel drag costs, eliminates estimated 50,000 tonnes annual Mediterranean biocide discharge); NC-11 (automotive underbody and surface coating — Al₂O₃ Mohs 9 exceeds roadstone Mohs 6–7, Ti oxidation self-healing seals micro-cracks before road salt moisture ingress, single application at manufacture, applicable to thin-gauge high-strength steel panels as lightweighting targets tighten globally,EUR 17–42B/yr OEM market + EUR 8–12B/yr aftermarket); NC-12 (robotic Laser-Directed Energy Deposition application system — autonomous vacuum-crawler LDED head with multi-feeder real-time powder mixing ratio adjustment, continuously graded layer transitions without discrete boundaries eliminating delamination initiation sites, integrated surface metrology per cm², in-service spot repair without dry-dock using HCTGS Al₂O₃ cascade feedstock, precedent: CEAD Faber Navalis robotic hull system and maritime crawler systems commercially deployed 2023–2025); NC-13 (aerospace four-function coating — Al₂O₃ Mohs 9 sand and rain erosion protection for leading edges and nacelles, MXene Ti₃C₂Tₓ ~6,000 S/cm lightning strike conductivity replacing metallic mesh in composite structures, Fluoro-Al₂O₃ Ra < 0.1 μm anti-icing without thermal bleed air penalty, ZrO₂-toughened Al₂O₃ + AlON thermal barrier rated 1,500–2,000°C for turbine-adjacent components — four aerospace functions in one LDED-applied coating, $7.3B/yr combined market); NC-14 (Al₂O₃/AlON MXene-free gradient coating for hypersonic and re-entry ","author":[{"family":"Mehmetaj","given":"Ilir"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20059058","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20059058","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20263483","type":"article-journal","title":"VEHICLE-MADRE: A Projection-Governed Framework for Sustainable Distributed AI Architecture","abstract":"VEHICLE-MADRE is a projection-governed personal AI architecture formally grounded in the VEHICLE E.I.A.R.(V) framework (Borda Milan, 2026a: DOI 10.5281/zenodo.19807591; 2026b: DOI 10.5281/zenodo.19932124; 2026c: DOI 10.5281/zenodo.19981738). This preprint introduces MADRE (Memory-Augmented Distributed Reasoning Agent for Ecological sustainability) as a personal governance device and cognitive artifact of the individual — a locally governed intelligence layer in which memory, context, permissions, lineage, and reasoning boundaries remain under the user's control before any external cloud interaction occurs. CENTRAL HYPOTHESIS: Migrating 60–80% of AI inference interactions from centralized cloud architecture to locally-governed personal agents reduces aggregate energy consumption per user by 40–80% and direct water footprint by 35–80% (Wh/user/day and mL/user/day), while maintaining sovereign local resolution ≥ 88.7% (M1), responsible user satisfaction (M2), and active knowledge domain coverage (M3). QUANTITATIVE RESULTS (central estimates, f_local = 0.70):— Energy reduction: 69.8% (from 58.0 to 17.5 Wh/user/day)— Water reduction: 69.6% (from 214 to 65 mL/user/day)— Aggregated across 1 billion users: ~40 GWh/day energy saved, ~149,000 m³/day water saved— Equivalent to the annual drinking water supply of ~270,000 people THREE DEPLOYMENT SCENARIOS modeled as attractor regimes in the VEHICLE taxonomy (A0–A6):— Scenario A: Cloud-only (Attractor A1) — maximum systemic tension— Scenario B: MADRE Hybrid (Attractor A4–A5) — projection-governed, −69.8% energy— Scenario C: Distributed Renewable (Attractor A6) — stable fluid, minimal tension THEORETICAL BASIS:The VEHICLE tension functional T(G) = T_ext + T_int governs attractor transitions between deployment scenarios. The mitosis mechanism (bifurcation at T_int ≥ τ_sat) models coherent knowledge growth with full lineage inheritance. Three performance metrics evaluate functional equivalence: M1 (sovereign local resolution), M2 (responsible user satisfaction), and M3 (active knowledge domain coverage) — in strict hierarchical order. REPRODUCIBILITY:All quantitative results are fully reproducible. This repository contains the Python package vehicle_madre, a reproducibility notebook, and 18 unit tests (100% pass rate) that verify every numerical claim in the paper. SOCIAL AND POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION:MADRE is designed to improve human quality of life by returning cognitive control to the individual. For enterprises and cloud providers, MADRE-class architectures reduce infrastructure demand and operational costs without sacrificing AI capabilities. Intelligence does not need to be centralized to be powerful. It needs to be governed. Empirical sources: IEA (2025); Li et al. (2025, CACM 68:7); Wan et al. (2025, arXiv:2511.07885); Alamouti (2025, arXiv:2501.14823); Lei et al. (2025, arXiv:2604.04745); Strubell et al. (2019, ACL). Working Draft v0.4 — May 2026 — VEHICLE Systems Lab / AIMTG","author":[{"family":"Borda Milan","given":"Roberto"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20263483","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20263483","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20263484","type":"article-journal","title":"VEHICLE-MADRE: A Projection-Governed Framework for Sustainable Distributed AI Architecture","abstract":"VEHICLE-MADRE is a projection-governed personal AI architecture formally grounded in the VEHICLE E.I.A.R.(V) framework (Borda Milan, 2026a: DOI 10.5281/zenodo.19807591; 2026b: DOI 10.5281/zenodo.19932124; 2026c: DOI 10.5281/zenodo.19981738). This preprint introduces MADRE (Memory-Augmented Distributed Reasoning Agent for Ecological sustainability) as a personal governance device and cognitive artifact of the individual — a locally governed intelligence layer in which memory, context, permissions, lineage, and reasoning boundaries remain under the user's control before any external cloud interaction occurs. CENTRAL HYPOTHESIS: Migrating 60–80% of AI inference interactions from centralized cloud architecture to locally-governed personal agents reduces aggregate energy consumption per user by 40–80% and direct water footprint by 35–80% (Wh/user/day and mL/user/day), while maintaining sovereign local resolution ≥ 88.7% (M1), responsible user satisfaction (M2), and active knowledge domain coverage (M3). QUANTITATIVE RESULTS (central estimates, f_local = 0.70):— Energy reduction: 69.8% (from 58.0 to 17.5 Wh/user/day)— Water reduction: 69.6% (from 214 to 65 mL/user/day)— Aggregated across 1 billion users: ~40 GWh/day energy saved, ~149,000 m³/day water saved— Equivalent to the annual drinking water supply of ~270,000 people THREE DEPLOYMENT SCENARIOS modeled as attractor regimes in the VEHICLE taxonomy (A0–A6):— Scenario A: Cloud-only (Attractor A1) — maximum systemic tension— Scenario B: MADRE Hybrid (Attractor A4–A5) — projection-governed, −69.8% energy— Scenario C: Distributed Renewable (Attractor A6) — stable fluid, minimal tension THEORETICAL BASIS:The VEHICLE tension functional T(G) = T_ext + T_int governs attractor transitions between deployment scenarios. The mitosis mechanism (bifurcation at T_int ≥ τ_sat) models coherent knowledge growth with full lineage inheritance. Three performance metrics evaluate functional equivalence: M1 (sovereign local resolution), M2 (responsible user satisfaction), and M3 (active knowledge domain coverage) — in strict hierarchical order. REPRODUCIBILITY:All quantitative results are fully reproducible. This repository contains the Python package vehicle_madre, a reproducibility notebook, and 18 unit tests (100% pass rate) that verify every numerical claim in the paper. SOCIAL AND POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION:MADRE is designed to improve human quality of life by returning cognitive control to the individual. For enterprises and cloud providers, MADRE-class architectures reduce infrastructure demand and operational costs without sacrificing AI capabilities. Intelligence does not need to be centralized to be powerful. It needs to be governed. Empirical sources: IEA (2025); Li et al. (2025, CACM 68:7); Wan et al. (2025, arXiv:2511.07885); Alamouti (2025, arXiv:2501.14823); Lei et al. (2025, arXiv:2604.04745); Strubell et al. (2019, ACL). Working Draft v0.4 — May 2026 — VEHICLE Systems Lab / AIMTG","author":[{"family":"Borda Milan","given":"Roberto"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20263484","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20263484","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.17054854","type":"article-journal","title":"Entropy Decay Framework for Predictive Design of Energy Storage Materials","abstract":"This paper introduces a new theoretical framework, the Entropy–Decay Theory, to reinterpret the fundamental operation of batteries. Instead of conventional models based on electron flow and ion displacement, this work argues that charge and discharge are better understood as entropic propagations governed by τ-resonance and dimensional shifts within material lattices. The study examines both non-rechargeable and rechargeable batteries: Primary cells are reinterpreted as one-way entropic pushes from entropy-dense cathode materials to lighter anodes. Rechargeable systems are analyzed through lattice reversibility, showing how stressed cathodes and relaxed anodes couple via τ-resonance, explaining both rechargeability and finite cycle life. Building on the 33-dimensional hierarchy of entropy states, the paper classifies cathodes, anodes, and electrolytes by their entropic roles, and demonstrates why many historical material pairings failed. Section 6 extends the theory to renewable energy systems, arguing that conventional kinetic-to-electric pathways (wind, hydro, cycling) represent mismatched entropic scaffolding, which explains their storage limitations. The work culminates in a proposal for predictive design: applying Tsang’s entropy–decay equation to reinterpret existing datasets, guiding the development of new materials that are τ-resonant and entropically coherent. This reframing establishes battery technology not as a closed field of electrochemistry, but as an open frontier of entropic engineering. This manuscript is aligned with UK Patent Application No. GB2514577.2, filed 04 September 2025.","author":[{"family":"Tsang","given":"Louis"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.17054854","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17054854","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.17054855","type":"article-journal","title":"Entropy Decay Framework for Predictive Design of Energy Storage Materials","abstract":"This paper introduces a new theoretical framework, the Entropy–Decay Theory, to reinterpret the fundamental operation of batteries. Instead of conventional models based on electron flow and ion displacement, this work argues that charge and discharge are better understood as entropic propagations governed by τ-resonance and dimensional shifts within material lattices. The study examines both non-rechargeable and rechargeable batteries: Primary cells are reinterpreted as one-way entropic pushes from entropy-dense cathode materials to lighter anodes. Rechargeable systems are analyzed through lattice reversibility, showing how stressed cathodes and relaxed anodes couple via τ-resonance, explaining both rechargeability and finite cycle life. Building on the 33-dimensional hierarchy of entropy states, the paper classifies cathodes, anodes, and electrolytes by their entropic roles, and demonstrates why many historical material pairings failed. Section 6 extends the theory to renewable energy systems, arguing that conventional kinetic-to-electric pathways (wind, hydro, cycling) represent mismatched entropic scaffolding, which explains their storage limitations. The work culminates in a proposal for predictive design: applying Tsang’s entropy–decay equation to reinterpret existing datasets, guiding the development of new materials that are τ-resonant and entropically coherent. This reframing establishes battery technology not as a closed field of electrochemistry, but as an open frontier of entropic engineering. This manuscript is aligned with UK Patent Application No. GB2514577.2, filed 04 September 2025.","author":[{"family":"Tsang","given":"Louis"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.17054855","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17054855","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20340290","type":"article-journal","title":"Energy Poverty in the Green Transition Era (2019–2025): A Scoping Review Protocol","abstract":"This is the pre-registered protocol for a sole-author scoping review mapping empirical research on energy poverty published during the green transition era (2019–2025). The review follows the Arksey and O'Malley (2005) framework, refined by Levac et al. (2010), operationalized through JBI methodology (Peters et al., 2020), and reported per PRISMA-ScR (Tricco et al., 2018) standards. The review will map:- Energy poverty (EP) measurement metrics (10%-rule, LIHC, 2M, M/2, multidimensional indices, hidden EP)- Five categories of green transition variables: renewable energy, carbon pricing, transition policies, demand-side technology, and transition-linked price shocks- Policy response framings and their co-variation with measurement choices Three research questions guide the scoping review:- RQ1: Mapping the literature (measurement metrics, methodological approaches, geographic contexts, green transition variables)- RQ2: Identifying gaps (under-represented populations, regions, variables, or designs)- RQ3: Charting the conceptual landscape (policy response framing co-varying with measurement choices) Data sources: Scopus + Web of Science Core Collection. Time window: January 2019 – December 2025. Pilot search executed on 22 May 2026 yielded 1,803 (Scopus) + 2,911 (WoS) records, with approximately 2,967 estimated unique records after deduplication. This protocol is registered prior to study selection in compliance with PRISMA-ScR transparency standards. All search outputs, screening decisions, charting forms, and decision logs will be archived on this Zenodo deposit upon completion.","author":[{"family":"Gölçek","given":"Ali"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20340290","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20340290","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20340291","type":"article-journal","title":"Energy Poverty in the Green Transition Era (2019–2025): A Scoping Review Protocol","abstract":"This is the pre-registered protocol for a sole-author scoping review mapping empirical research on energy poverty published during the green transition era (2019–2025). The review follows the Arksey and O'Malley (2005) framework, refined by Levac et al. (2010), operationalized through JBI methodology (Peters et al., 2020), and reported per PRISMA-ScR (Tricco et al., 2018) standards. The review will map:- Energy poverty (EP) measurement metrics (10%-rule, LIHC, 2M, M/2, multidimensional indices, hidden EP)- Five categories of green transition variables: renewable energy, carbon pricing, transition policies, demand-side technology, and transition-linked price shocks- Policy response framings and their co-variation with measurement choices Three research questions guide the scoping review:- RQ1: Mapping the literature (measurement metrics, methodological approaches, geographic contexts, green transition variables)- RQ2: Identifying gaps (under-represented populations, regions, variables, or designs)- RQ3: Charting the conceptual landscape (policy response framing co-varying with measurement choices) Data sources: Scopus + Web of Science Core Collection. Time window: January 2019 – December 2025. Pilot search executed on 22 May 2026 yielded 1,803 (Scopus) + 2,911 (WoS) records, with approximately 2,967 estimated unique records after deduplication. This protocol is registered prior to study selection in compliance with PRISMA-ScR transparency standards. All search outputs, screening decisions, charting forms, and decision logs will be archived on this Zenodo deposit upon completion.","author":[{"family":"Gölçek","given":"Ali"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20340291","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20340291","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21514366","type":"article-journal","title":"Green Momentum India: Innovation, Investment and Carbon Markets Shaping a Sustainable Future (2020–2025)","abstract":"Dawn of 21st century has witnessed an increasing trend in global greenhouse gas (GHG) and fossil CO2 emissions, forcing all the nations to draw climate change mitigation strategies including – transition to renewable energy, efficiency and conservation, transport decarbonisation, carbon capture, utilization, storage and carbon pricing mechanism, promotion of green finance, sustainable industrial practices, climate-smart agricultural practices and international cooperation towards creating policy frameworks to enable sustainable development. At the backdrop of these developments, India's transition toward a low-carbon and environmentally sustainable economy has gained strong momentum during the period 2020–2025, shaped by increasing climate commitments, progressive policy reforms, financial innovation and a rapidly expanding ecosystem of green entrepreneurship to balance economic growth with environmental responsibility. The present paper critically examines the evolution, performance and inter-linkages of green startups, green bonds, and carbon credit mechanisms as key instruments driving the country's green transformation during this transformative phase. Adopting a trend-based analytical approach, the study evaluates sectoral growth patterns, investment flows, institutional frameworks and regulatory developments influencing these three domains. Particular attention is given to the role of policy support, private sector participation and market-based incentives in accelerating sustainable innovation. The analysis reveals that green startups are emerging as significant drivers of technological advancement, employment generation and localized climate solutions. Simultaneously, green bonds are reinforcing India's sustainable finance ecosystem by mobilizing long-term capital for environmentally responsible projects. Carbon markets once largely voluntary in nature are gradually evolving toward more structured and regulated compliance mechanisms.","author":[{"family":"Sagar","given":"Thalluri"},{"family":"Lakshmi","given":"Kodali"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21514366","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21514366","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21514367","type":"article-journal","title":"Green Momentum India: Innovation, Investment and Carbon Markets Shaping a Sustainable Future (2020–2025)","abstract":"Dawn of 21st century has witnessed an increasing trend in global greenhouse gas (GHG) and fossil CO2 emissions, forcing all the nations to draw climate change mitigation strategies including – transition to renewable energy, efficiency and conservation, transport decarbonisation, carbon capture, utilization, storage and carbon pricing mechanism, promotion of green finance, sustainable industrial practices, climate-smart agricultural practices and international cooperation towards creating policy frameworks to enable sustainable development. At the backdrop of these developments, India's transition toward a low-carbon and environmentally sustainable economy has gained strong momentum during the period 2020–2025, shaped by increasing climate commitments, progressive policy reforms, financial innovation and a rapidly expanding ecosystem of green entrepreneurship to balance economic growth with environmental responsibility. The present paper critically examines the evolution, performance and inter-linkages of green startups, green bonds, and carbon credit mechanisms as key instruments driving the country's green transformation during this transformative phase. Adopting a trend-based analytical approach, the study evaluates sectoral growth patterns, investment flows, institutional frameworks and regulatory developments influencing these three domains. Particular attention is given to the role of policy support, private sector participation and market-based incentives in accelerating sustainable innovation. The analysis reveals that green startups are emerging as significant drivers of technological advancement, employment generation and localized climate solutions. Simultaneously, green bonds are reinforcing India's sustainable finance ecosystem by mobilizing long-term capital for environmentally responsible projects. Carbon markets once largely voluntary in nature are gradually evolving toward more structured and regulated compliance mechanisms.","author":[{"family":"Sagar","given":"Thalluri"},{"family":"Lakshmi","given":"Kodali"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21514367","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21514367","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19537306","type":"article-journal","title":"CERFRES: High-Resolution European Renewable Energy Generation Dataset","abstract":"CERFRES (CERRA-derived Farm-level Renewable Energy Systems generation for Europe) is a high-resolution, open-access dataset of weather-driven wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation across Europe. The dataset provides hourly generation time series for the period 1995–2025 at multiple spatial scales, including individual installations (farm-level), reanalysis grid cells (5.5 × 5.5 km), bidding zones, and national aggregates. The dataset is constructed by combining geospatial generator metadata with high-resolution meteorological input from the Copernicus European Regional ReAnalysis (CERRA). Wind and PV generation are simulated using physically based power-conversion models. Individual installations are mapped to the underlying meteorological grid based on geographic coordinates. The code used to produce this dataset is available at https://github.com/EmilBruvik/CERFRES. Two scenarios are provided: As-built scenario: Reconstructed historical fleet based on commissioning-year metadata, representing the gradual deployment of renewable capacity over time. Fixed reference scenario: Applies the full 2025 installed fleet across the entire historical period to enable consistent long-term variability analysis. Structure The dataset is distributed as a ZIP archive containing the following subdirectories: country-aggregated-production/ per-farm-production/ correction_factors/ Country-aggregated production The country-aggregated-production directory contains hourly time series of wind and PV generation aggregated at country and bidding-zone level. Each file is stored in NetCDF format and follows a consistent structure: Dimensions time (8760): hourly timestamps for a full year area (47): countries and bidding zones Coordinates time: hourly timestamps (UTC) area: area names (e.g., “Germany (DE)”, “DK1”, “NO2”) Variables pv_power_mw (time, area)Hourly PV generation for the as-built scenario pv_power_mw_2025 (time, area)Hourly PV generation for the fixed 2025 fleet scenario wind_power_mw (time, area)Hourly wind generation for the as-built scenario wind_power_mw_2025 (time, area)Hourly wind generation for the fixed 2025 fleet scenario Per-farm (grid-level) production The per-farm-production directory contains spatially explicit generation data on the underlying CERRA grid. Each file is stored as an xarray.Dataset with the following structure: Dimensions time (8760): hourly timestamps y, x (1069 × 1069): spatial grid indices Coordinates latitude (y, x) longitude (y, x) Variables wind_power_mw_onshore (time, y, x)Onshore wind generation per grid cell wind_power_mw_offshore (time, y, x)Offshore wind generation per grid cell pv_power_mw (time, y, x)Utility-scale PV generation pv_power_mw_distributed (time, y, x)Distributed PV generation (rooftop and small-scale systems) Correction factors The correction_factors directory contains CSV files with monthly multiplicative bias-correction factors for each area and technology. Structure Area: country or bidding zone PV_Factor: multiplicative factor for PV generation Wind_Factor: multiplicative factor for wind generation These factors are derived by comparing modeled generation with ENTSO-E reported data over the period 2015–2025. Validation The validation directory contains the third-party data extracts used to produce the validation results reported in the paper (CERFRES vs. ENTSO-E, NVE, and Energinet observations). These are static snapshots of continuously updated source platforms. Structure ENTSO-E/: ENTSO-E Transparency Platform generation-by-type exports (2014-2025) NVE/: hourly wind production per Norwegian onshore farm (2002-2025) EnergiDataService_DK/: hourly solar and wind generation per Danish region (2021-2025) GEM/: 3 CSVs, February 2026 release - Global Wind Power Tracker (1 - 10 MW and 10 MW+ wind farms) and Global Solar Power Tracker (distributed installations only).","author":[{"family":"Bruvik","given":"Emil"},{"family":"Sorteberg","given":"Asgeir"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19537306","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19537306","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19537307","type":"article-journal","title":"CERFRES: High-Resolution European Renewable Energy Generation Dataset","abstract":"CERFRES (CERRA-derived Farm-level Renewable Energy Simulation for Europe) is a high-resolution, open-access dataset of weather-driven wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation across Europe. The dataset provides hourly generation time series for the period 1995–2025 at multiple spatial scales, including individual installations (farm-level), reanalysis grid cells (5.5 × 5.5 km), bidding zones, and national aggregates. The dataset is constructed by combining geospatial generator metadata with high-resolution meteorological input from the Copernicus European Regional ReAnalysis (CERRA). Wind and PV generation are simulated using physically based power-conversion models. Individual installations are mapped to the underlying meteorological grid based on geographic coordinates. The code used to produce this dataset is available at https://github.com/EmilBruvik/CERFRES. Two scenarios are provided: As-built scenario: Reconstructed historical fleet based on commissioning-year metadata, representing the gradual deployment of renewable capacity over time. Fixed reference scenario: Applies the full 2025 installed fleet across the entire historical period to enable consistent long-term variability analysis. Structure The dataset is distributed as a ZIP archive containing the following subdirectories: country-aggregated-production/ per-farm-production/ correction_factors/ Country-aggregated production The country-aggregated-production directory contains hourly time series of wind and PV generation aggregated at country and bidding-zone level. Each file is stored in NetCDF format and follows a consistent structure: Dimensions time (8760): hourly timestamps for a full year area (47): countries and bidding zones Coordinates time: hourly timestamps (UTC) area: area names (e.g., “Germany (DE)”, “DK1”, “NO2”) Variables pv_power_mw (time, area)Hourly PV generation for the as-built scenario pv_power_mw_2025 (time, area)Hourly PV generation for the fixed 2025 fleet scenario wind_power_mw (time, area)Hourly wind generation for the as-built scenario wind_power_mw_2025 (time, area)Hourly wind generation for the fixed 2025 fleet scenario Per-farm (grid-level) production The per-farm-production directory contains spatially explicit generation data on the underlying CERRA grid. Each file is stored as an xarray.Dataset with the following structure: Dimensions time (8760): hourly timestamps y, x (1069 × 1069): spatial grid indices Coordinates latitude (y, x) longitude (y, x) Variables wind_power_mw_onshore (time, y, x)Onshore wind generation per grid cell wind_power_mw_offshore (time, y, x)Offshore wind generation per grid cell pv_power_mw (time, y, x)Utility-scale PV generation pv_power_mw_distributed (time, y, x)Distributed PV generation (rooftop and small-scale systems) These files represent the raw, spatially resolved generation fields prior to aggregation, intended for: reconstruction of country-level time series analyzing spatial variability performing custom aggregation (e.g., regions, transmission nodes) Correction factors The correction_factors directory contains CSV files with monthly multiplicative bias-correction factors for each area and technology. Structure Area: country or bidding zone PV_Factor: multiplicative factor for PV generation Wind_Factor: multiplicative factor for wind generation These factors are derived by comparing modeled generation with ENTSO-E reported data over the period 2015–2025.","author":[{"family":"Bruvik","given":"Emil"},{"family":"Sorteberg","given":"Asgeir"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19537307","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19537307","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20625077","type":"article-journal","title":"Revisiting the Energy Basis of the Amazon Basin. An Emergy-Based Update (1980–2023)","abstract":"This study presents a comprehensive update of the seminal energy systems analysis of the Amazon Basin originally conducted by Odum, Brown, and Christianson (1986). Using modern data and refined methodologies, we reconstruct the basin's emergy budget to evaluate how its energy basis has transformed over the past four decades. The research employs systems ecology principles through emergy analysis (expressed in solar equivalent joules, seJ) to quantify the total energy required—directly and indirectly—to produce goods and services within the Amazon Basin. Our analysis integrates contemporary datasets (1980-2023) covering solar radiation, rainfall, river discharge, deforestation patterns, hydropower generation, fossil fuel use, and trade flows. Key findings reveal a profound transformation in the basin's energy dynamics. While renewable inflows still dominate in absolute terms, the Amazon has experienced a dramatic increase in non-renewable and imported emergy flows. Most significantly, the Emergy Sustainability Index (ESI) has collapsed from an estimated 420,000 to 1.53×10⁻⁸—a reduction of thirteen orders of magnitude—indicating a severe erosion of long-term sustainability. This collapse quantifies the Amazon's transition from a self-sustaining system to a net emergy exporter, corroborating the GEO BRASIL 2025 report's warnings about ecological tipping points. The Environmental Loading Ratio (ELR) of 50,900 reflects the immense environmental pressure from fossil fuel consumption, deforestation, and deep integration into global commodity markets. This study provides critical biophysical evidence that the current development model is leading the Amazon toward irreversible ecological thresholds, threatening its capacity to regulate climate and sustain biodiversity. This work contributes to understanding the \"triple planetary crisis\" (climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution) by providing a rigorous, quantitative foundation for evidence-based policy formulation. The detailed emergy accounting methodology presented here offers essential metrics for evaluating sustainable development pathways that respect the Amazon's ecological integrity while meeting human needs. The repository includes the main manuscript, supplementary files with detailed calculations, and the complete emergy budget dataset used in this analysis.","author":[{"family":"Carvalho Junior","given":"Oldemar"},{"family":"Joana Da Silva","given":"Carolina"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20625077","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20625077","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20625076","type":"article-journal","title":"Revisiting the Energy Basis of the Amazon Basin. An Emergy-Based Update (1980–2023)","abstract":"This study presents a comprehensive update of the seminal energy systems analysis of the Amazon Basin originally conducted by Odum, Brown, and Christianson (1986). Using modern data and refined methodologies, we reconstruct the basin's emergy budget to evaluate how its energy basis has transformed over the past four decades. The research employs systems ecology principles through emergy analysis (expressed in solar equivalent joules, seJ) to quantify the total energy required—directly and indirectly—to produce goods and services within the Amazon Basin. Our analysis integrates contemporary datasets (1980-2023) covering solar radiation, rainfall, river discharge, deforestation patterns, hydropower generation, fossil fuel use, and trade flows. Key findings reveal a profound transformation in the basin's energy dynamics. While renewable inflows still dominate in absolute terms, the Amazon has experienced a dramatic increase in non-renewable and imported emergy flows. Most significantly, the Emergy Sustainability Index (ESI) has collapsed from an estimated 420,000 to 1.53×10⁻⁸—a reduction of thirteen orders of magnitude—indicating a severe erosion of long-term sustainability. This collapse quantifies the Amazon's transition from a self-sustaining system to a net emergy exporter, corroborating the GEO BRASIL 2025 report's warnings about ecological tipping points. The Environmental Loading Ratio (ELR) of 50,900 reflects the immense environmental pressure from fossil fuel consumption, deforestation, and deep integration into global commodity markets. This study provides critical biophysical evidence that the current development model is leading the Amazon toward irreversible ecological thresholds, threatening its capacity to regulate climate and sustain biodiversity. This work contributes to understanding the \"triple planetary crisis\" (climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution) by providing a rigorous, quantitative foundation for evidence-based policy formulation. The detailed emergy accounting methodology presented here offers essential metrics for evaluating sustainable development pathways that respect the Amazon's ecological integrity while meeting human needs. The repository includes the main manuscript, supplementary files with detailed calculations, and the complete emergy budget dataset used in this analysis.","author":[{"family":"Carvalho Junior","given":"Oldemar"},{"family":"Joana Da Silva","given":"Carolina"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20625076","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20625076","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21157876","type":"article-journal","title":"Revisiting the Energy Basis of the Amazon Basin. An Emergy-Based Update (1980–2023)","abstract":"This study presents a comprehensive update of the seminal energy systems analysis of the Amazon Basin originally conducted by Odum, Brown, and Christianson (1986). Using modern data and refined methodologies, we reconstruct the basin's emergy budget to evaluate how its energy basis has transformed over the past four decades. The research employs systems ecology principles through emergy analysis (expressed in solar equivalent joules, seJ) to quantify the total energy required—directly and indirectly—to produce goods and services within the Amazon Basin. Our analysis integrates contemporary datasets (1980-2023) covering solar radiation, rainfall, river discharge, deforestation patterns, hydropower generation, fossil fuel use, and trade flows. Key findings reveal a profound transformation in the basin's energy dynamics. While renewable inflows still dominate in absolute terms, the Amazon has experienced a dramatic increase in non-renewable and imported emergy flows. Most significantly, the Emergy Sustainability Index (ESI) has collapsed from an estimated 420,000 to 1.53×10⁻⁸—a reduction of thirteen orders of magnitude—indicating a severe erosion of long-term sustainability. This collapse quantifies the Amazon's transition from a self-sustaining system to a net emergy exporter, corroborating the GEO BRASIL 2025 report's warnings about ecological tipping points. The Environmental Loading Ratio (ELR) of 50,900 reflects the immense environmental pressure from fossil fuel consumption, deforestation, and deep integration into global commodity markets. This study provides critical biophysical evidence that the current development model is leading the Amazon toward irreversible ecological thresholds, threatening its capacity to regulate climate and sustain biodiversity. This work contributes to understanding the \"triple planetary crisis\" (climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution) by providing a rigorous, quantitative foundation for evidence-based policy formulation. The detailed emergy accounting methodology presented here offers essential metrics for evaluating sustainable development pathways that respect the Amazon's ecological integrity while meeting human needs. The repository includes the main manuscript, supplementary files with detailed calculations, and the complete emergy budget dataset used in this analysis.","author":[{"family":"Carvalho Junior","given":"Oldemar"},{"family":"Joana Da Silva","given":"Carolina"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21157876","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21157876","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20199597","type":"article-journal","title":"ITU and Energy / Materials: A Single-Axiom View of Information-Energy Equivalence, Renewable Transition, New Materials, and the 2026-2050 Roadmap","abstract":"We apply the Information-Theoretic Unification (ITU) framework (Terada 2026, concept DOI 10.5281/zenodo.20109209; current version v2.0.0 at 10.5281/zenodo.20133709) to energy and materials science. Energy is reframed as K-work and information as K-bit; the Landauer-Bennett equivalence (E_bit = k_B T ln 2) establishes their unity. This is Tier 1 paper #10, extending the engineering wing to a pentagon (5 vertices) and completing the ITU 10-vertex polytope. Pass-1 progress: 82 of 220 phases (37.3%). Phase 79: ITU foundation. Compute energy per operation dropped 10^-3 J (1950) to 10^-17 J (2024) - still 3,000x the Landauer limit (2.87 x 10^-21 J at 300K). Battery Pareto: lead-acid 30 Wh/kg -> Li-ion NMC 250 Wh/kg -> solid-state 450 Wh/kg (2028 predicted). Solar 33.9% (Si+perovskite tandem 2024). Critical materials HHI: Gallium 9,604 (China 98%), Rare earths 7,337 (China 85%). Phase 80: Renewable + nuclear + fusion. LCOE 2024: solar $40/MWh, wind $38/MWh (cheapest ever); coal +17%, nuclear new +52%. NIF Ignition Q=1.5 (Dec 2022), Q=1.9 sustained (2023). ITER targets Q=10 by 2035, SPARC Q>1 by 2025, CFS commercial 1GW by 2032. IEA NZE 2050: solar 50%, wind 22%, fossil 2%. CO2 sweet spot: nuclear 12, fusion 5 g/kWh. Phase 81: New materials revolution. Perovskites: 3.8% (Miyasaka 2009) -> 34.6% tandem (Oxford PV 2024) = 9x in 15 years. MOFs: NU-1501 reaches 7,140 m^2/g (1.7 soccer fields per gram). Superconductors: H_3S 203K (Eremets 2015), LaH_10 250K (2019), room-temp candidate by 2030. AI material discovery: DeepMind GNoME 2.2M crystals (Nature 2023), MatterGen inverse design (2024). Cycle: 24 months -> 0.5 months = 48x acceleration. Phase 82: 2026-2050 roadmap. Triple convergence: AGI x10 research speed, fusion + perovskite commercialize, China dominance diversifies (gallium 98% -> 60% by 2050, rare earths 85% -> 50%). EU carbon $80 (2024) -> $300/t (2050). DAC: 0.01 -> 1,000 MtCO2/yr, $800 -> $50/t. Ten falsifiable predictions issued. Central thesis: energy and materials follow the ITU axiom dS = d . Information-energy equivalence (Landauer-Bennett) connects Tier 1 #4 (Semi) to Tier 1 #10 (Energy). Honest framing: Pass-1 interpretive paper reframing Landauer, Shockley-Queisser, Lazard LCOE, NIF Ignition, perovskites, MOFs, GNoME in ITU language. Numerical results match established empirical findings. The ITU 10-vertex polytope completes: engineering pentagon (Quantum Computing 10.5281/zenodo.20139391 + Machine Consciousness 10.5281/zenodo.20150501 + Cryptography 10.5281/zenodo.20151059 + Semiconductors 10.5281/zenodo.20174036 + Energy/Materials this paper) + medicine triangle (Cancer 10.5281/zenodo.20174318 + Aging 10.5281/zenodo.20175663 + Psychiatry 10.5281/zenodo.20177427) + social sciences (Economics 10.5281/zenodo.20196309) + philosophy (Free Will 10.5281/zenodo.20197016). Includes 4 theory documents, 4 Python numerical experiments, 4 figures, 4 JSON summaries. Total runtime ~20 seconds.","author":[{"family":"Terada","given":"Munehiro"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20199597","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20199597","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20199598","type":"article-journal","title":"ITU and Energy / Materials: A Single-Axiom View of Information-Energy Equivalence, Renewable Transition, New Materials, and the 2026-2050 Roadmap","abstract":"We apply the Information-Theoretic Unification (ITU) framework (Terada 2026, concept DOI 10.5281/zenodo.20109209; current version v2.0.0 at 10.5281/zenodo.20133709) to energy and materials science. Energy is reframed as K-work and information as K-bit; the Landauer-Bennett equivalence (E_bit = k_B T ln 2) establishes their unity. This is Tier 1 paper #10, extending the engineering wing to a pentagon (5 vertices) and completing the ITU 10-vertex polytope. Pass-1 progress: 82 of 220 phases (37.3%). Phase 79: ITU foundation. Compute energy per operation dropped 10^-3 J (1950) to 10^-17 J (2024) - still 3,000x the Landauer limit (2.87 x 10^-21 J at 300K). Battery Pareto: lead-acid 30 Wh/kg -> Li-ion NMC 250 Wh/kg -> solid-state 450 Wh/kg (2028 predicted). Solar 33.9% (Si+perovskite tandem 2024). Critical materials HHI: Gallium 9,604 (China 98%), Rare earths 7,337 (China 85%). Phase 80: Renewable + nuclear + fusion. LCOE 2024: solar $40/MWh, wind $38/MWh (cheapest ever); coal +17%, nuclear new +52%. NIF Ignition Q=1.5 (Dec 2022), Q=1.9 sustained (2023). ITER targets Q=10 by 2035, SPARC Q>1 by 2025, CFS commercial 1GW by 2032. IEA NZE 2050: solar 50%, wind 22%, fossil 2%. CO2 sweet spot: nuclear 12, fusion 5 g/kWh. Phase 81: New materials revolution. Perovskites: 3.8% (Miyasaka 2009) -> 34.6% tandem (Oxford PV 2024) = 9x in 15 years. MOFs: NU-1501 reaches 7,140 m^2/g (1.7 soccer fields per gram). Superconductors: H_3S 203K (Eremets 2015), LaH_10 250K (2019), room-temp candidate by 2030. AI material discovery: DeepMind GNoME 2.2M crystals (Nature 2023), MatterGen inverse design (2024). Cycle: 24 months -> 0.5 months = 48x acceleration. Phase 82: 2026-2050 roadmap. Triple convergence: AGI x10 research speed, fusion + perovskite commercialize, China dominance diversifies (gallium 98% -> 60% by 2050, rare earths 85% -> 50%). EU carbon $80 (2024) -> $300/t (2050). DAC: 0.01 -> 1,000 MtCO2/yr, $800 -> $50/t. Ten falsifiable predictions issued. Central thesis: energy and materials follow the ITU axiom dS = d . Information-energy equivalence (Landauer-Bennett) connects Tier 1 #4 (Semi) to Tier 1 #10 (Energy). Honest framing: Pass-1 interpretive paper reframing Landauer, Shockley-Queisser, Lazard LCOE, NIF Ignition, perovskites, MOFs, GNoME in ITU language. Numerical results match established empirical findings. The ITU 10-vertex polytope completes: engineering pentagon (Quantum Computing 10.5281/zenodo.20139391 + Machine Consciousness 10.5281/zenodo.20150501 + Cryptography 10.5281/zenodo.20151059 + Semiconductors 10.5281/zenodo.20174036 + Energy/Materials this paper) + medicine triangle (Cancer 10.5281/zenodo.20174318 + Aging 10.5281/zenodo.20175663 + Psychiatry 10.5281/zenodo.20177427) + social sciences (Economics 10.5281/zenodo.20196309) + philosophy (Free Will 10.5281/zenodo.20197016). Includes 4 theory documents, 4 Python numerical experiments, 4 figures, 4 JSON summaries. Total runtime ~20 seconds.","author":[{"family":"Terada","given":"Munehiro"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20199598","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20199598","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20834786","type":"article-journal","title":"Green Ammonia Production: Process Technologies and Challenges","abstract":"This systematic review critically evaluates the research article \"Green Ammonia Production: Process Technologies and Challenges\" by Bora et al. (2024), published in the journal Fuel (Vol. 369, 131808). The review is structured in accordance with APA 7th edition formatting standards and follows a systematic review methodology. Green ammonia is emerging as a vital carbon-neutral alternative to conventional fossil-fuel-based ammonia production. This review comprehensively examines the key production technologies discussed in the original article, including electrochemical synthesis, biomass gasification, photocatalytic methods, and the modified Haber-Bosch process powered by renewable energy sources such as wind and solar. The role of Power-to-Ammonia (P2A) technology as an energy storage and grid-balancing mechanism is also critically assessed. The review evaluates the original article's objectives, methodology, quality of evidence, originality, and contribution to the field of sustainable energy. Strengths and limitations of the reviewed article are identified, including gaps in life cycle assessment (LCA), techno-economic analysis (TEA), and systematic search protocol transparency. Market projections indicating global ammonia demand reaching 350 million tonnes per year by 2050 and a market value of USD 224 billion are also discussed. The review concludes with policy implications, industrial recommendations, and five key directions for future research, including pilot-scale validation, standardized LCAs, and novel catalyst development for nitrogen reduction reactions. This work is intended to support researchers, students, engineers, and policymakers working in the fields of green chemistry, renewable energy, sustainable fuel systems, and industrial decarbonization. Reviewed Article:Bora, N., Singh, A. K., Pal, P., Sahoo, U. K., Seth, D., Rathore, D., Bhadra, S., Sevda, S., Venkatramanan, V., Prasad, S., Singh, A., Kataki, R., & Sarangi, P. K. (2024). Green ammonia production: Process technologies and challenges. Fuel, 369, 131808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2024.131808","author":[{"family":"Imran","given":"Ahsan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20834786","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20834786","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20834787","type":"article-journal","title":"Green Ammonia Production: Process Technologies and Challenges","abstract":"This systematic review critically evaluates the research article \"Green Ammonia Production: Process Technologies and Challenges\" by Bora et al. (2024), published in the journal Fuel (Vol. 369, 131808). The review is structured in accordance with APA 7th edition formatting standards and follows a systematic review methodology. Green ammonia is emerging as a vital carbon-neutral alternative to conventional fossil-fuel-based ammonia production. This review comprehensively examines the key production technologies discussed in the original article, including electrochemical synthesis, biomass gasification, photocatalytic methods, and the modified Haber-Bosch process powered by renewable energy sources such as wind and solar. The role of Power-to-Ammonia (P2A) technology as an energy storage and grid-balancing mechanism is also critically assessed. The review evaluates the original article's objectives, methodology, quality of evidence, originality, and contribution to the field of sustainable energy. Strengths and limitations of the reviewed article are identified, including gaps in life cycle assessment (LCA), techno-economic analysis (TEA), and systematic search protocol transparency. Market projections indicating global ammonia demand reaching 350 million tonnes per year by 2050 and a market value of USD 224 billion are also discussed. The review concludes with policy implications, industrial recommendations, and five key directions for future research, including pilot-scale validation, standardized LCAs, and novel catalyst development for nitrogen reduction reactions. This work is intended to support researchers, students, engineers, and policymakers working in the fields of green chemistry, renewable energy, sustainable fuel systems, and industrial decarbonization. Reviewed Article:Bora, N., Singh, A. K., Pal, P., Sahoo, U. K., Seth, D., Rathore, D., Bhadra, S., Sevda, S., Venkatramanan, V., Prasad, S., Singh, A., Kataki, R., & Sarangi, P. K. (2024). Green ammonia production: Process technologies and challenges. Fuel, 369, 131808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2024.131808","author":[{"family":"Imran","given":"Ahsan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20834787","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20834787","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21825803","type":"article-journal","title":"PLANtoACT Task 2.1: Hourly profiles - Wind power","abstract":"Regional Wind Power Profiles for the PLANtoACT Project Description This dataset contains normalized hourly wind power generation profiles developed for the PLANtoACT project (Task 2.1). The profiles represent the long-term wind generation behaviour of five European pilot regions and are intended for use in energy system modelling, renewable energy assessment, and regional energy planning. The dataset was generated using the Renewables.ninja API together with regional administrative boundaries. Hourly wind power time series were downloaded for multiple MERRA-2 grid points located within each region, aggregated into representative regional profiles, and normalized while preserving the long-term equivalent full-load hours (Heq). The dataset accompanies the scripts available in the corresponding GitLab repository. Study Regions The dataset contains wind generation profiles for the following regions: Country Region Italy Lombardia Romania Alba Germany Oberland France Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Portugal Porto Metropolitan Area Dataset Structure Each regional folder contains: File Description profile_final_8760h.csv Final normalized hourly wind profile for a standard (8760-hour) year profile_final_8784h.csv Final normalized hourly wind profile for a leap (8784-hour) year profile_final_8760h.txt Plain-text version of the 8760-hour profile profile_final_8784h.txt Plain-text version of the 8784-hour profile profile_aggregated_normalised.csv Aggregated multi-year normalized profile before correction heq_by_year.csv Equivalent full-load hours calculated for each simulated year grid_map.png MERRA-2 grid points used for the regional aggregation heq_comparison.png Comparison of annual equivalent full-load hours profile_final_plot.png Visualization of the final normalized profile The dataset also includes Normalized_Profiles_wind_2024.png which compares the normalized wind generation profiles across all study regions. Data Generation Methodology The regional wind profiles were generated according to the following workflow: Regional administrative boundaries were provided as GIS shapefiles. MERRA-2 grid points falling within each regional polygon were identified. Hourly wind power capacity factors were downloaded from the Renewables.ninja API for each grid point over a five-year period (2020–2024). Hourly time series from all selected grid points were aggregated to produce a representative regional profile. Annual equivalent full-load hours (Heq) were calculated for each grid point and for the aggregated profile. The aggregated profile was normalized using the maximum observed generation. A non-linear correction factor was applied to the most recent year (2024) to preserve the long-term average annual energy production while maintaining the hourly variability. Final normalized hourly profiles were exported for both standard (8760-hour) and leap-year (8784-hour) calendars. Data Format The profile files contain a single column: Column Description normalised Hourly normalized wind power generation (dimensionless, ranging from 0 to 1) Each row represents one hour of the year. The annual energy production can be reconstructed by multiplying the normalized profile by the corresponding regional maximum capacity factor. Intended Applications The dataset is intended for: Energy system modelling Renewable energy scenario analysis Regional energy planning Capacity expansion modelling Long-term electricity system simulations Sector coupling studies Academic research Software The dataset was generated using Python together with the following libraries: pandas NumPy GeoPandas Shapely SciPy Matplotlib Requests Hourly wind generation data were obtained using the Renewables.ninja API. Related Software The scripts used to generate this dataset are available from the associated GitLab repository: PLANtoACT Task 2.2 – Regional Wind Power Profile Generation Funding This work was developed within the PLANtoACT project. The PLANtoACT project has received funding from the ","author":[{"family":"Prina","given":"Matteo"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21825803","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21825803","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21825804","type":"article-journal","title":"PLANtoACT Task 2.1: Hourly profiles - Wind power","abstract":"Regional Wind Power Profiles for the PLANtoACT Project Description This dataset contains normalized hourly wind power generation profiles developed for the PLANtoACT project (Task 2.1). The profiles represent the long-term wind generation behaviour of five European pilot regions and are intended for use in energy system modelling, renewable energy assessment, and regional energy planning. The dataset was generated using the Renewables.ninja API together with regional administrative boundaries. Hourly wind power time series were downloaded for multiple MERRA-2 grid points located within each region, aggregated into representative regional profiles, and normalized while preserving the long-term equivalent full-load hours (Heq). The dataset accompanies the scripts available in the corresponding GitLab repository. Study Regions The dataset contains wind generation profiles for the following regions: Country Region Italy Lombardia Romania Alba Germany Oberland France Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Portugal Porto Metropolitan Area Dataset Structure Each regional folder contains: File Description profile_final_8760h.csv Final normalized hourly wind profile for a standard (8760-hour) year profile_final_8784h.csv Final normalized hourly wind profile for a leap (8784-hour) year profile_final_8760h.txt Plain-text version of the 8760-hour profile profile_final_8784h.txt Plain-text version of the 8784-hour profile profile_aggregated_normalised.csv Aggregated multi-year normalized profile before correction heq_by_year.csv Equivalent full-load hours calculated for each simulated year grid_map.png MERRA-2 grid points used for the regional aggregation heq_comparison.png Comparison of annual equivalent full-load hours profile_final_plot.png Visualization of the final normalized profile The dataset also includes Normalized_Profiles_wind_2024.png which compares the normalized wind generation profiles across all study regions. Data Generation Methodology The regional wind profiles were generated according to the following workflow: Regional administrative boundaries were provided as GIS shapefiles. MERRA-2 grid points falling within each regional polygon were identified. Hourly wind power capacity factors were downloaded from the Renewables.ninja API for each grid point over a five-year period (2020–2024). Hourly time series from all selected grid points were aggregated to produce a representative regional profile. Annual equivalent full-load hours (Heq) were calculated for each grid point and for the aggregated profile. The aggregated profile was normalized using the maximum observed generation. A non-linear correction factor was applied to the most recent year (2024) to preserve the long-term average annual energy production while maintaining the hourly variability. Final normalized hourly profiles were exported for both standard (8760-hour) and leap-year (8784-hour) calendars. Data Format The profile files contain a single column: Column Description normalised Hourly normalized wind power generation (dimensionless, ranging from 0 to 1) Each row represents one hour of the year. The annual energy production can be reconstructed by multiplying the normalized profile by the corresponding regional maximum capacity factor. Intended Applications The dataset is intended for: Energy system modelling Renewable energy scenario analysis Regional energy planning Capacity expansion modelling Long-term electricity system simulations Sector coupling studies Academic research Software The dataset was generated using Python together with the following libraries: pandas NumPy GeoPandas Shapely SciPy Matplotlib Requests Hourly wind generation data were obtained using the Renewables.ninja API. Related Software The scripts used to generate this dataset are available from the associated GitLab repository: PLANtoACT Task 2.2 – Regional Wind Power Profile Generation Funding This work was developed within the PLANtoACT project. The PLANtoACT project has received funding from the ","author":[{"family":"Prina","given":"Matteo"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21825804","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21825804","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21833901","type":"article-journal","title":"PLANtoACT Task 2.1: Hourly profiles - Solar power","abstract":"Regional Solar PV Power Profiles for the PLANtoACT Project This dataset contains normalized hourly solar photovoltaic (PV) generation profiles developed for the PLANtoACT project (Task 2.1). The profiles represent the long-term PV generation behaviour of five European pilot regions, for four representative PV deployment categories, and are intended for use in energy system modelling, renewable energy assessment, and regional energy planning. The dataset was generated using the PVGIS (Photovoltaic Geographical Information System) API of the European Commission's Joint Research Centre. Ten years of hourly PV power time series were downloaded for each region and deployment category, combining one or more representative mounting sub-configurations (tilt, azimuth, and tracking type) into an aggregated regional profile, which was then normalized while preserving the long-term equivalent full-load hours (Heq). The dataset accompanies the scripts available in the corresponding GitLab repository. Study Regions The dataset contains solar PV generation profiles for the following regions: Country Region Italy Lombardia Romania Alba Iulia Germany Oberland France Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Portugal Porto PV Deployment Categories For each region, profiles are provided for four PV deployment categories, each built from one or more mounting sub-configurations: Category Sub-configurations System losses Rooftop Residential PV 30° tilt, SE / S / SW azimuth (fixed) 18% Rooftop Commercial PV 30° tilt, SE / S / SW azimuth (fixed) 14% Utility-Scale Single-Axis Tracker PV Horizontal N–S single-axis tracker 10% AgriPV Horizontal N–S single-axis tracker + 30° tilt, S azimuth (fixed) 14% Dataset Structure Each regional folder contains one sub-folder per PV deployment category, with the following files: File Description pvgis_ .csv Raw hourly PVGIS download (1 kWp), one file per mounting sub-configuration heq_by_year.csv Equivalent full-load hours calculated for each simulated year, per sub-configuration and aggregated profile_aggregated_normalised.csv Aggregated 10-year normalized profile before correction profile_final_8760h.csv / .txt Final normalized hourly profile for a standard (8760-hour) year profile_final_8784h.csv / .txt Final normalized hourly profile for a leap (8784-hour) year profile_metadata.json Metadata (category, location, year range, average and physical Heq) heq_comparison.png Comparison of annual equivalent full-load hours vs the 10-year average profile_final_plot.png Visualization of the final normalized profile (full year + representative January/July weeks) The dataset also includes, at the top level: comparison_heq.png, comparing average equivalent full-load hours across all five regions and all four PV categories; Normalized_Profiles_ _2024.png (one per category), comparing the normalized PV generation profiles across all study regions. Data Generation Methodology The regional solar PV profiles were generated according to the following workflow: A representative coordinate pair (latitude/longitude) was defined for each of the five pilot regions. For each region and PV deployment category, hourly PV power output was downloaded from the PVGIS seriescalc API (SARAH-3 database) for a nominal 1 kWp crystalline-silicon system, for each mounting sub-configuration (tilt, azimuth, fixed or single-axis tracking) and over a ten-year period. Sub-configuration time series were summed on a common hourly index and divided by the number of sub-configurations to obtain an aggregated regional profile. Annual equivalent full-load hours (Heq) were calculated for each sub-configuration and for the aggregated profile, for every simulated year. The aggregated 10-year profile was normalized using its own maximum observed generation. A non-linear correction factor was applied to the most recent year to preserve the 10-year average annual equivalent full-load hours while maintaining the hourly and seasonal variability of that year. Final normalized hourly profi","author":[{"family":"Prina","given":"Matteo"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21833901","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21833901","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21833902","type":"article-journal","title":"PLANtoACT Task 2.1: Hourly profiles - Solar power","abstract":"Regional Solar PV Power Profiles for the PLANtoACT Project This dataset contains normalized hourly solar photovoltaic (PV) generation profiles developed for the PLANtoACT project (Task 2.1). The profiles represent the long-term PV generation behaviour of five European pilot regions, for four representative PV deployment categories, and are intended for use in energy system modelling, renewable energy assessment, and regional energy planning. The dataset was generated using the PVGIS (Photovoltaic Geographical Information System) API of the European Commission's Joint Research Centre. Ten years of hourly PV power time series were downloaded for each region and deployment category, combining one or more representative mounting sub-configurations (tilt, azimuth, and tracking type) into an aggregated regional profile, which was then normalized while preserving the long-term equivalent full-load hours (Heq). The dataset accompanies the scripts available in the corresponding GitLab repository. Study Regions The dataset contains solar PV generation profiles for the following regions: Country Region Italy Lombardia Romania Alba Iulia Germany Oberland France Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Portugal Porto PV Deployment Categories For each region, profiles are provided for four PV deployment categories, each built from one or more mounting sub-configurations: Category Sub-configurations System losses Rooftop Residential PV 30° tilt, SE / S / SW azimuth (fixed) 18% Rooftop Commercial PV 30° tilt, SE / S / SW azimuth (fixed) 14% Utility-Scale Single-Axis Tracker PV Horizontal N–S single-axis tracker 10% AgriPV Horizontal N–S single-axis tracker + 30° tilt, S azimuth (fixed) 14% Dataset Structure Each regional folder contains one sub-folder per PV deployment category, with the following files: File Description pvgis_ .csv Raw hourly PVGIS download (1 kWp), one file per mounting sub-configuration heq_by_year.csv Equivalent full-load hours calculated for each simulated year, per sub-configuration and aggregated profile_aggregated_normalised.csv Aggregated 10-year normalized profile before correction profile_final_8760h.csv / .txt Final normalized hourly profile for a standard (8760-hour) year profile_final_8784h.csv / .txt Final normalized hourly profile for a leap (8784-hour) year profile_metadata.json Metadata (category, location, year range, average and physical Heq) heq_comparison.png Comparison of annual equivalent full-load hours vs the 10-year average profile_final_plot.png Visualization of the final normalized profile (full year + representative January/July weeks) The dataset also includes, at the top level: comparison_heq.png, comparing average equivalent full-load hours across all five regions and all four PV categories; Normalized_Profiles_ _2024.png (one per category), comparing the normalized PV generation profiles across all study regions. Data Generation Methodology The regional solar PV profiles were generated according to the following workflow: A representative coordinate pair (latitude/longitude) was defined for each of the five pilot regions. For each region and PV deployment category, hourly PV power output was downloaded from the PVGIS seriescalc API (SARAH-3 database) for a nominal 1 kWp crystalline-silicon system, for each mounting sub-configuration (tilt, azimuth, fixed or single-axis tracking) and over a ten-year period. Sub-configuration time series were summed on a common hourly index and divided by the number of sub-configurations to obtain an aggregated regional profile. Annual equivalent full-load hours (Heq) were calculated for each sub-configuration and for the aggregated profile, for every simulated year. The aggregated 10-year profile was normalized using its own maximum observed generation. A non-linear correction factor was applied to the most recent year to preserve the 10-year average annual equivalent full-load hours while maintaining the hourly and seasonal variability of that year. Final normalized hourly profi","author":[{"family":"Prina","given":"Matteo"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21833902","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21833902","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21834204","type":"article-journal","title":"PLANtoACT Task 2.1: Hourly profiles - Hydro power","abstract":"Regional Hydropower Profiles for the PLANtoACT Project This dataset contains normalized hourly hydropower generation profiles developed for the PLANtoACT project (Task 2.1), for two generation types: Run-of-River and Hydro Reservoir. The profiles represent the long-term hydropower generation behaviour of five European pilot regions and are intended for use in energy system modelling, renewable energy assessment, and regional energy planning. The dataset was generated by combining regional administrative boundaries, national hourly generation data from the ENTSOE Transparency Platform, and installed-capacity data from the JRC Hydropower Database. National hourly generation was downscaled to each region in proportion to its share of national installed capacity, aggregated into representative regional profiles per generation type, and normalized while preserving the long-term equivalent full-load hours (Heq). The dataset accompanies the scripts available in the corresponding GitLab repository. Study Regions The dataset contains hydropower generation profiles for the following regions: Country Region Italy Lombardia Romania Alba Germany Oberland France Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Portugal Porto Metropolitan Area Not every region has capacity for both generation types: the Porto Metropolitan Area, for instance, has no significant hydro reservoir capacity, so only its Run-of-River profile is included. Dataset Structure Each regional folder contains: File Description _run_of_river_8760h.csv / .txt Final normalized hourly Run-of-River profile for a standard (8760-hour) year _hydro_reservoir_8760h.csv / .txt Final normalized hourly Hydro Reservoir profile for a standard (8760-hour) year _run_of_river.csv / .txt Aggregated multi-year normalized Run-of-River profile before correction _hydro_reservoir.csv / .txt Aggregated multi-year normalized Hydro Reservoir profile before correction heq_comparison_run_of_river.png Comparison of annual equivalent full-load hours, Run-of-River heq_comparison_hydro_reservoir.png Comparison of annual equivalent full-load hours, Hydro Reservoir profile_final_run_of_river_plot.png Visualization of the final normalized Run-of-River profile profile_final_hydro_reservoir_plot.png Visualization of the final normalized Hydro Reservoir profile plant_map.png Map of JRC hydropower plants used for the regional capacity scaling _jrc_summary.xlsx Plant-level and aggregated JRC capacity/characteristics summary (Run-of-River, Hydro Reservoir, Pumped Storage) raw/ Raw ENTSOE national hourly generation downloads and cached country-boundary data used for country detection The dataset also includes: Shapefiles/, the regional administrative boundary polygons used to define each study region and to compute regional installed capacity; Normalized_Profiles_run_of_river_2023.png and Normalized_Profiles_hydro_reservoir_2023.png, which compare the normalized hydropower generation profiles across all study regions, for each generation type. Data Generation Methodology The regional hydropower profiles were generated according to the following workflow: Regional administrative boundaries were provided as GIS shapefiles. The country containing each regional polygon was identified against Natural Earth country boundaries. Installed capacity (MW) was extracted from the JRC Hydropower Database for Run-of-River and Hydro Reservoir plants, both for the whole country and for the plants located within the regional polygon. Hourly national generation was downloaded from the ENTSOE Transparency Platform for Run-of-River (PSR type B11) and Hydro Reservoir (PSR type B12), over a five-year period (2020–2024). National hourly time series were downscaled to each region in proportion to its share of national installed capacity, separately for Run-of-River and Hydro Reservoir. Annual equivalent full-load hours (Heq) were calculated for each generation type and each simulated year. The five-year regional profile was normalized using its own observed maximum g","author":[{"family":"Prina","given":"Matteo"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21834204","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21834204","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21834203","type":"article-journal","title":"PLANtoACT Task 2.1: Hourly profiles - Hydro power","abstract":"Regional Hydropower Profiles for the PLANtoACT Project This dataset contains normalized hourly hydropower generation profiles developed for the PLANtoACT project (Task 2.1), for two generation types: Run-of-River and Hydro Reservoir. The profiles represent the long-term hydropower generation behaviour of five European pilot regions and are intended for use in energy system modelling, renewable energy assessment, and regional energy planning. The dataset was generated by combining regional administrative boundaries, national hourly generation data from the ENTSOE Transparency Platform, and installed-capacity data from the JRC Hydropower Database. National hourly generation was downscaled to each region in proportion to its share of national installed capacity, aggregated into representative regional profiles per generation type, and normalized while preserving the long-term equivalent full-load hours (Heq). The dataset accompanies the scripts available in the corresponding GitLab repository. Study Regions The dataset contains hydropower generation profiles for the following regions: Country Region Italy Lombardia Romania Alba Germany Oberland France Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Portugal Porto Metropolitan Area Not every region has capacity for both generation types: the Porto Metropolitan Area, for instance, has no significant hydro reservoir capacity, so only its Run-of-River profile is included. Dataset Structure Each regional folder contains: File Description _run_of_river_8760h.csv / .txt Final normalized hourly Run-of-River profile for a standard (8760-hour) year _hydro_reservoir_8760h.csv / .txt Final normalized hourly Hydro Reservoir profile for a standard (8760-hour) year _run_of_river.csv / .txt Aggregated multi-year normalized Run-of-River profile before correction _hydro_reservoir.csv / .txt Aggregated multi-year normalized Hydro Reservoir profile before correction heq_comparison_run_of_river.png Comparison of annual equivalent full-load hours, Run-of-River heq_comparison_hydro_reservoir.png Comparison of annual equivalent full-load hours, Hydro Reservoir profile_final_run_of_river_plot.png Visualization of the final normalized Run-of-River profile profile_final_hydro_reservoir_plot.png Visualization of the final normalized Hydro Reservoir profile plant_map.png Map of JRC hydropower plants used for the regional capacity scaling _jrc_summary.xlsx Plant-level and aggregated JRC capacity/characteristics summary (Run-of-River, Hydro Reservoir, Pumped Storage) raw/ Raw ENTSOE national hourly generation downloads and cached country-boundary data used for country detection The dataset also includes: Shapefiles/, the regional administrative boundary polygons used to define each study region and to compute regional installed capacity; Normalized_Profiles_run_of_river_2023.png and Normalized_Profiles_hydro_reservoir_2023.png, which compare the normalized hydropower generation profiles across all study regions, for each generation type. Data Generation Methodology The regional hydropower profiles were generated according to the following workflow: Regional administrative boundaries were provided as GIS shapefiles. The country containing each regional polygon was identified against Natural Earth country boundaries. Installed capacity (MW) was extracted from the JRC Hydropower Database for Run-of-River and Hydro Reservoir plants, both for the whole country and for the plants located within the regional polygon. Hourly national generation was downloaded from the ENTSOE Transparency Platform for Run-of-River (PSR type B11) and Hydro Reservoir (PSR type B12), over a five-year period (2020–2024). National hourly time series were downscaled to each region in proportion to its share of national installed capacity, separately for Run-of-River and Hydro Reservoir. Annual equivalent full-load hours (Heq) were calculated for each generation type and each simulated year. The five-year regional profile was normalized using its own observed maximum g","author":[{"family":"Prina","given":"Matteo"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21834203","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21834203","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21834587","type":"article-journal","title":"PLANtoACT Task 2.1: Hourly profiles - Heating and cooling demand","abstract":"Regional Heating and Cooling Demand Profiles for the PLANtoACT Project This dataset contains normalized hourly heating and cooling demand profiles developed for the PLANtoACT project (Task 2.1). The profiles represent the long-term building heating and cooling demand behaviour of five European pilot regions and are intended for use in energy system modelling, renewable energy assessment, and regional energy planning. The dataset was generated using the Renewables.ninja weather API together with the demand_ninja building energy demand model and regional administrative boundaries. Hourly weather data (temperature, global horizontal radiation, humidity, wind speed) were downloaded for MERRA-2 grid points located within each region, converted into hourly heating and cooling demand, averaged into a representative regional profile, and normalized while preserving the long-term degree-hour equivalent — the demand-side analogue of the equivalent full-load hours used for the wind, solar, and hydro generation profiles. The dataset accompanies the scripts available in the corresponding GitLab repository. Study Regions The dataset contains heating and cooling demand profiles for the following regions: Country Region Italy Lombardia Romania Alba Germany Oberland France Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Portugal Porto Metropolitan Area Dataset Structure Each regional folder contains: File Description dh_by_year_heating.csv / dh_by_year_cooling.csv Annual degree-hour integrals per grid point and regional average, for each simulated year profile_aggregated_heating.csv / profile_aggregated_cooling.csv 5-year aggregated normalized regional profile, before correction profile_final_heating_8784h.csv / .txt Final normalized hourly heating demand profile (leap-year, 8784 h) profile_final_cooling_8784h.csv / .txt Final normalized hourly cooling demand profile (leap-year, 8784 h) dh_comparison_heating.png / dh_comparison_cooling.png Comparison of annual degree-hour integrals against the 5-year average profile_final_heating_plot.png / profile_final_cooling_plot.png Visualization of the final normalized profile (full year + representative weeks) grid_map.png Map of the MERRA-2 grid points used for the regional average raw/weather_lon+X_lat+Y_YYYY.csv Raw MERRA-2 weather data per grid point and year raw/demand_lon+X_lat+Y_YYYY.csv Computed hourly heating/cooling demand per grid point and year raw/demand_lon+X_lat+Y_allyears.csv Per-point multi-year heating and cooling demand summary The dataset also includes, at the top level: Shapefiles/, the regional administrative boundary polygons used to select the MERRA-2 grid points for each study region; Normalized_Profiles_heating_2024.png and Normalized_Profiles_cooling_2024.png, which compare the normalized heating and cooling demand profiles across all study regions. Data Generation Methodology The regional heating and cooling demand profiles were generated according to the following workflow: Regional administrative boundaries were provided as GIS shapefiles. MERRA-2 grid points (0.625° × 0.5° resolution, the same spatial grid used for the wind profiles) falling within each regional polygon were identified, with farthest-point sampling applied if a region contained more points than a configurable maximum. Hourly weather variables (temperature, global horizontal radiation, humidity, wind speed) were downloaded from the Renewables.ninja weather API for each selected grid point, over a five-year period (2020–2024). Hourly heating and cooling demand were computed from the weather variables using the demand_ninja building energy demand model, based on a BAIT (building-adjusted internal temperature) approach with heating and cooling thresholds of 14 °C and 20 °C respectively. Per-point demand series were averaged across all selected grid points to produce a representative regional profile, separately for heating and cooling. Annual degree-hour integrals (the sum of hourly demand values, analogous to equivalent full-load hours","author":[{"family":"Prina","given":"Matteo"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21834587","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21834587","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21834586","type":"article-journal","title":"PLANtoACT Task 2.1: Hourly profiles - Heating and cooling demand","abstract":"Regional Heating and Cooling Demand Profiles for the PLANtoACT Project This dataset contains normalized hourly heating and cooling demand profiles developed for the PLANtoACT project (Task 2.1). The profiles represent the long-term building heating and cooling demand behaviour of five European pilot regions and are intended for use in energy system modelling, renewable energy assessment, and regional energy planning. The dataset was generated using the Renewables.ninja weather API together with the demand_ninja building energy demand model and regional administrative boundaries. Hourly weather data (temperature, global horizontal radiation, humidity, wind speed) were downloaded for MERRA-2 grid points located within each region, converted into hourly heating and cooling demand, averaged into a representative regional profile, and normalized while preserving the long-term degree-hour equivalent — the demand-side analogue of the equivalent full-load hours used for the wind, solar, and hydro generation profiles. The dataset accompanies the scripts available in the corresponding GitLab repository. Study Regions The dataset contains heating and cooling demand profiles for the following regions: Country Region Italy Lombardia Romania Alba Germany Oberland France Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Portugal Porto Metropolitan Area Dataset Structure Each regional folder contains: File Description dh_by_year_heating.csv / dh_by_year_cooling.csv Annual degree-hour integrals per grid point and regional average, for each simulated year profile_aggregated_heating.csv / profile_aggregated_cooling.csv 5-year aggregated normalized regional profile, before correction profile_final_heating_8784h.csv / .txt Final normalized hourly heating demand profile (leap-year, 8784 h) profile_final_cooling_8784h.csv / .txt Final normalized hourly cooling demand profile (leap-year, 8784 h) dh_comparison_heating.png / dh_comparison_cooling.png Comparison of annual degree-hour integrals against the 5-year average profile_final_heating_plot.png / profile_final_cooling_plot.png Visualization of the final normalized profile (full year + representative weeks) grid_map.png Map of the MERRA-2 grid points used for the regional average raw/weather_lon+X_lat+Y_YYYY.csv Raw MERRA-2 weather data per grid point and year raw/demand_lon+X_lat+Y_YYYY.csv Computed hourly heating/cooling demand per grid point and year raw/demand_lon+X_lat+Y_allyears.csv Per-point multi-year heating and cooling demand summary The dataset also includes, at the top level: Shapefiles/, the regional administrative boundary polygons used to select the MERRA-2 grid points for each study region; Normalized_Profiles_heating_2024.png and Normalized_Profiles_cooling_2024.png, which compare the normalized heating and cooling demand profiles across all study regions. Data Generation Methodology The regional heating and cooling demand profiles were generated according to the following workflow: Regional administrative boundaries were provided as GIS shapefiles. MERRA-2 grid points (0.625° × 0.5° resolution, the same spatial grid used for the wind profiles) falling within each regional polygon were identified, with farthest-point sampling applied if a region contained more points than a configurable maximum. Hourly weather variables (temperature, global horizontal radiation, humidity, wind speed) were downloaded from the Renewables.ninja weather API for each selected grid point, over a five-year period (2020–2024). Hourly heating and cooling demand were computed from the weather variables using the demand_ninja building energy demand model, based on a BAIT (building-adjusted internal temperature) approach with heating and cooling thresholds of 14 °C and 20 °C respectively. Per-point demand series were averaged across all selected grid points to produce a representative regional profile, separately for heating and cooling. Annual degree-hour integrals (the sum of hourly demand values, analogous to equivalent full-load hours","author":[{"family":"Prina","given":"Matteo"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21834586","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21834586","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.60522/o:7856","type":"article-journal","title":"Discourse Ethics in Environmental Debates: Public Representation and the Problem of Inclusion in Local Wind Power Planning","abstract":"Localized resistance to renewable energy infrastructure frequently exposes systemic deficits in environmental discourse ethics, particularly concerning the moral inclusion of nonhuman entities and future generations. Grounded in Habermasian discourse ethics (specifically the concept of advocatory discourses), Ott’s environmental value structures, and Jonas’s imperative of responsibility, this study analyzes the communicative mechanics of the public debate surrounding wind power deployment in Lower Austria in 2023–2024. A structurally applied qualitative content analysis of regional media artifacts was conducted to evaluate the legitimation strategies and representational disparities among discourse participants. The empirical findings reveal a pervasive anthropocentric bias: instrumental human interests systematically marginalized intrinsic ecological and future-oriented concerns. Furthermore, the analysis exposes profound institutional power asymmetries that dictate media utilization. Institutional proponents leveraged formal communication channels, whereas grassroots opponents, who lack structural agency, defaulted to emotionally charged, defensive, and informal media formats (e.g., visual satire) to contest perceived disenfranchisement. The study concludes that current renewable energy infrastructure planning paradigms fundamentally fail the Habermasian ideal of domination-free deliberation. To ensure equitable environmental policymaking, the institutionalization of advocatory representation for nonhuman entities and the deployment of symmetric participatory frameworks are imperative to reconcile global climate mandates with localized socio-ecological identities.","author":[{"family":"Wagner","given":"Lena"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.60522/o:7856","URL":"https://doi.org/10.60522/o:7856","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.17214399","type":"article-journal","title":"AROHI: Advanced Road Optimization & Harvesting Intelligence for Sustainable Smart Infrastructure","abstract":"\"From Every Step You Take, We Capture Energy, Transmit Power, and Light Up the Future\" AROHI (Advanced Road Optimization & Harvesting Intelligence) is a seventh-generation, physically validated smart road framework developed independently by a student researcher at BIAM Laboratory School & College, Bangladesh. The system transforms passive road infrastructure into active, energy-generating, and data-intelligent ecosystems through the integration of three complementary energy harvesting mechanisms — piezoelectric transduction, electromagnetic induction, and solar photovoltaic conversion — alongside an AI-driven adaptive optimization engine, a Markov Chain-based traffic prediction system, and a physically implemented blockchain-based decentralized monitoring architecture. Each one-square-metre AROHI road block simultaneously harvests energy from vehicular pressure, road surface vibration, and ambient solar radiation, combining outputs through a custom power conditioning circuit and transmitting processed data through a wired daisy-chain topology to a roadside TARAI (Taseen Ahnaf Road Artificial Intelligence) edge computing unit. The TARAI unit, built from repurposed consumer hardware running Armbian — a GNU GPL-licensed, ARM-optimized open-source operating system — serves as the local intelligence hub for each one-kilometre road segment, executing the AROHI AI system, managing blockchain validation, and generating 48-hour traffic forecasts accessible through dedicated software and mobile applications. The Markop-Chain system — AROHI's proprietary integration of Markov Chain probabilistic prediction with blockchain-based immutable data storage — achieved 81% prediction accuracy across 50 controlled test cycles and maintained 100% blockchain data integrity throughout all validation experiments. The V7 prototype's custom multi-source power conditioning circuit delivers a consistently stable 5.0–5.1V combined output, confirming the foundational soundness of the multi-source energy combining architecture. Overall system functionality was validated at approximately 80% of total claimed capability, with the electromagnetic module physically implemented and the solar photovoltaic subsystem pending integration. At an installation cost of approximately $25.45 per square metre — compared to $800–$1,600 per square metre for international smart road equivalents — AROHI demonstrates that intelligent road infrastructure is economically viable for deployment in high-density developing nations. The system's diversified revenue model — spanning electricity sales, dynamic EV charging fees, traffic data licensing, carbon credit monetisation, and grid stability services — projects a return on investment of approximately 5.2 years under full theoretical performance, with a conservative 13–15 year ROI excluding unvalidated subsystems. AROHI directly addresses Bangladesh's convergence of infrastructure crises: over 8,500 road fatalities recorded in 2024, an estimated four million electric auto-rickshaws operating without a formal charging infrastructure, and rapidly growing electricity demand against constrained renewable energy investment. The system's deployment roadmap targets Bangladesh's highest-traffic national highway corridors — the N1 Dhaka–Chittagong, N3 Dhaka–Mymensingh, and N2 Dhaka–Sylhet Highways — with phased expansion toward national grid integration and dynamic wireless EV charging at scale. The research has been developed across seven prototype generations since early 2023 and publicly demonstrated at the 45th National Science and Technology Fair 2024 (2nd place, upazila level), the 46th National Science and Technology Fair 2025 (national level), and is currently advancing toward the 47th National Science and Technology Fair 2026 following a first-place district result.","author":[{"family":"Ahnaf","given":"Taseen"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.17214399","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17214399","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19521961","type":"article-journal","title":"Legal Framework for Low-Carbon Hydrogen in Brazil: Applications in Electrical Engineering and Energy Conversion Systems","abstract":"Law 14.948/2024 established the legal framework for low-carbon emission hydrogen in Brazil, instituting the National Low-Carbon Hydrogen Policy and creating incentives for the development of this strategic industry. This article analyzes the technical foundations and electrical engineering applications resulting from this legislation, with a specific focus on water electrolysis systems, power converters, and the electrical infrastructure required for green hydrogen production. The research demonstrates that the implementation of this legal framework requires advancements in power electronics, control systems, and integration with renewable energy sources. The methodology adopted a systematic bibliographic review and technical analysis of the requirements established by the legislation. Results indicate that low-emission hydrogen production, defined as having an intensity lower than 7 kgCO2 eq/kgH2, demands high-current and high-efficiency converters, advanced electrolyzer technologies, and intelligent energy management systems. Key applications in electrical engineering include the development of multipulse rectifiers, bidirectional DC-DC converters, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) systems for photovoltaic integration, and adaptive control architectures for operation with intermittent sources. It is concluded that the Brazilian legal framework establishes guidelines consistent with international standards and creates opportunities for research and development in electrical engineering, particularly in energy conversion, power quality, and hybrid renewable systems.","author":[{"family":"Souza","given":"Vitor"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19521961","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19521961","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19521962","type":"article-journal","title":"Legal Framework for Low-Carbon Hydrogen in Brazil: Applications in Electrical Engineering and Energy Conversion Systems","abstract":"Law 14.948/2024 established the legal framework for low-carbon emission hydrogen in Brazil, instituting the National Low-Carbon Hydrogen Policy and creating incentives for the development of this strategic industry. This article analyzes the technical foundations and electrical engineering applications resulting from this legislation, with a specific focus on water electrolysis systems, power converters, and the electrical infrastructure required for green hydrogen production. The research demonstrates that the implementation of this legal framework requires advancements in power electronics, control systems, and integration with renewable energy sources. The methodology adopted a systematic bibliographic review and technical analysis of the requirements established by the legislation. Results indicate that low-emission hydrogen production, defined as having an intensity lower than 7 kgCO2 eq/kgH2, demands high-current and high-efficiency converters, advanced electrolyzer technologies, and intelligent energy management systems. Key applications in electrical engineering include the development of multipulse rectifiers, bidirectional DC-DC converters, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) systems for photovoltaic integration, and adaptive control architectures for operation with intermittent sources. It is concluded that the Brazilian legal framework establishes guidelines consistent with international standards and creates opportunities for research and development in electrical engineering, particularly in energy conversion, power quality, and hybrid renewable systems.","author":[{"family":"Souza","given":"Vitor"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19521962","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19521962","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20171912","type":"article-journal","title":"Can We Replace Fossil Fuels?","abstract":"The replacement of fossil fuels with non-fossil energy sources has been proposed as a way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and limit global warming. This white paper reviews historical trends in global energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and the growth of fossil and non-fossil energy sources using publicly available international energy and emissions datasets. The analysis shows that despite nearly three decades of international climate policies following the Kyoto Protocol, fossil fuels still supplied 87% of global energy in 2024, while global greenhouse gas emissions continued to rise. Although renewable energy, electrification, nuclear power, carbon capture, and carbon storage are available technologies for reducing emissions, current trends in energy demand, infrastructure development, and emissions growth do not suggest a transition rate consistent with meeting the remaining carbon budgets required to limit global warming to 1.5°C or 2°C.","author":[{"family":"Vafi","given":"Kourosh"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20171912","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20171912","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20171913","type":"article-journal","title":"Can We Replace Fossil Fuels?","abstract":"The replacement of fossil fuels with non-fossil energy sources has been proposed as a way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and limit global warming. This white paper reviews historical trends in global energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and the growth of fossil and non-fossil energy sources using publicly available international energy and emissions datasets. The analysis shows that despite nearly three decades of international climate policies following the Kyoto Protocol, fossil fuels still supplied 87% of global energy in 2024, while global greenhouse gas emissions continued to rise. Although renewable energy, electrification, nuclear power, carbon capture, and carbon storage are available technologies for reducing emissions, current trends in energy demand, infrastructure development, and emissions growth do not suggest a transition rate consistent with meeting the remaining carbon budgets required to limit global warming to 1.5°C or 2°C.","author":[{"family":"Vafi","given":"Kourosh"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20171913","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20171913","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21763440","type":"article-journal","title":"Vulnerabilidade Externa, Refino e Transição Energética: Atualização Estratégica do Mercado Brasileiro de Diesel — Dependência de Importações, Capacidade de Refino e Cenários 2026–2035","abstract":"This technical-strategic report updates the author's 2025 study on Brazil's diesel market, assessing whether the country has reduced its dependence on imported diesel and examining future prospects through 2035. The report integrates refining capacity, import dynamics, geopolitical risks, logistics, biodiesel, renewable diesel (HVO), biomethane and industrial policy into a unified strategic framework. It concludes that Brazil's vulnerability has shifted geographically rather than disappeared and proposes scenarios for reducing external dependence through refinery optimization and technological substitution rather than greenfield fossil refining. The report also identifies industrial opportunities for domestic and international suppliers associated with Brazil's energy transition.","author":[{"family":"Pereira Xavier","given":"Vitor"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21763440","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21763440","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21763441","type":"article-journal","title":"Vulnerabilidade Externa, Refino e Transição Energética: Atualização Estratégica do Mercado Brasileiro de Diesel — Dependência de Importações, Capacidade de Refino e Cenários 2026–2035","abstract":"This technical-strategic report updates the author's 2025 study on Brazil's diesel market, assessing whether the country has reduced its dependence on imported diesel and examining future prospects through 2035. The report integrates refining capacity, import dynamics, geopolitical risks, logistics, biodiesel, renewable diesel (HVO), biomethane and industrial policy into a unified strategic framework. It concludes that Brazil's vulnerability has shifted geographically rather than disappeared and proposes scenarios for reducing external dependence through refinery optimization and technological substitution rather than greenfield fossil refining. The report also identifies industrial opportunities for domestic and international suppliers associated with Brazil's energy transition.","author":[{"family":"Pereira Xavier","given":"Vitor"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21763441","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21763441","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.6093/2723-9608/12461","type":"article-journal","title":"Sociotechnical Imaginaries Related to the Capo d’Orlando Hydrogen Station","abstract":"In order to meet the targets agreed by the international community, a rapid decarbonisation of the energy sector is essential. Many institutional actors, including the International Energy Agency, the European Union and the International Renewable Energy Agency, consider hydrogen to be a fundamental tool for decarbonising the economy (Bindi et al., 2025). For this reason, we are conducting a case study of the Capo d’Orlando hydrogen station to highlight the conditions that could facilitate or hinder local economic development linked to hydrogen. This paper, which shows the initial outcomes of the study, is characterised by a qualitative research. It includes semi-structured interviews with the most relevant stakeholders, who have different interests in the station. As the article aims to highlight the sociotechnical imaginaries of local hydrogen economic development, the stakeholders involved come from the fields of economics, politics, research and civil society. The interviews resulted in the identification of four sociotechnical imaginaries (“technical”, “political”, “economic” and “environmentalist”), linked to the different categories of stakeholders. Additionally, a shared sociotechnical vision relating to the establishment and implementation of hydrogen energy communities and hydrogen-powered smart mobility is presented. Alongside these visions of the future, the interviews revealed some obstacles to deploying a local hydrogen economy in the Nebrodi area (normative/bureaucratic, economic and social), as well as possible solutions to overcome them. The next steps in the research will focus on implementing the interview panel and realising co-creative initiatives. The most relevant identified stakeholders will be involved in this process to generate ideas for making the Capo d’Orlando hydrogen project more suitable for the local community.","author":[{"family":"Nicita","given":"Agatino"},{"family":"Albanese","given":"Raffaele"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.6093/2723-9608/12461","URL":"https://doi.org/10.6093/2723-9608/12461","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19945557","type":"article-journal","title":"Sustainable Industrialization in India: Public Perceptions, MSME Challenges, and Cluster- Based Green Transition","abstract":"For India to balance social justice, environmental protection, and economic growth, sustainable industrialization has become a national imperative. Greenhouse gas emissions reached an estimated 3.22 billion tonnes of CO2 in 2025, even as renewable energy capacity crossed 50.07% of total installed power (484.82 GW), enabling India to meet its COP26 targets ahead of schedule. However, industrial activities continue to generate pollution, deplete resources, and deepen regional and social inequalities. This study uses a mixed-methods design combining a primary survey of 70 respondents across India, secondary data from government and international reports, case studies of industrial clusters, and an extensive literature review. The analysis identifies four interlinked pillars for a sustainable industrial future: unified policy frameworks, technological innovation and circular economy practices, green finance and MSME empowerment, and cluster-based strategies for collective compliance. Survey findings reveal that 91.4% of respondents are aware of sustainability concepts, 97.1% believe industries contribute significantly to pollution, and 68.6% prefer buying from companies that follow eco-friendly and fair practices. A total of 50.0% are willing to support renewable energy use even at higher prices, while 50.7% see high cost/finance as the key barrier for MSMEs to adopt green practices. The results highlight strong public support for inclusive green industrialization, with 78.3% favouring fair jobs and inclusion of women and weaker sections and 68.6% endorsing cluster-based industrial development with shared green infrastructure. The paper recommends phased policy, financial, and managerial interventions to promote MSME greening, strengthen cluster governance, and advance a just transition aligned with India's net-zero 2070 commitment.","author":[{"family":"Kishor","given":"Rohit"},{"family":"Batule","given":"Dr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19945557","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19945557","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19945558","type":"article-journal","title":"Sustainable Industrialization in India: Public Perceptions, MSME Challenges, and Cluster- Based Green Transition","abstract":"For India to balance social justice, environmental protection, and economic growth, sustainable industrialization has become a national imperative. Greenhouse gas emissions reached an estimated 3.22 billion tonnes of CO2 in 2025, even as renewable energy capacity crossed 50.07% of total installed power (484.82 GW), enabling India to meet its COP26 targets ahead of schedule. However, industrial activities continue to generate pollution, deplete resources, and deepen regional and social inequalities. This study uses a mixed-methods design combining a primary survey of 70 respondents across India, secondary data from government and international reports, case studies of industrial clusters, and an extensive literature review. The analysis identifies four interlinked pillars for a sustainable industrial future: unified policy frameworks, technological innovation and circular economy practices, green finance and MSME empowerment, and cluster-based strategies for collective compliance. Survey findings reveal that 91.4% of respondents are aware of sustainability concepts, 97.1% believe industries contribute significantly to pollution, and 68.6% prefer buying from companies that follow eco-friendly and fair practices. A total of 50.0% are willing to support renewable energy use even at higher prices, while 50.7% see high cost/finance as the key barrier for MSMEs to adopt green practices. The results highlight strong public support for inclusive green industrialization, with 78.3% favouring fair jobs and inclusion of women and weaker sections and 68.6% endorsing cluster-based industrial development with shared green infrastructure. The paper recommends phased policy, financial, and managerial interventions to promote MSME greening, strengthen cluster governance, and advance a just transition aligned with India's net-zero 2070 commitment.","author":[{"family":"Kishor","given":"Rohit"},{"family":"Batule","given":"Dr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19945558","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19945558","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22025210","type":"article-journal","title":"Between Aeolus and Poseidon: The construction of offshore wind energy in Portugal","abstract":"Drawing on ongoing multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork, the poster examines how offshore wind energy is anticipated, planned, and legitimised in Portugal. In February 2025, the Offshore Renewable Energy Allocation Plan (PAER) designated 2,711 km² of the Atlantic continental shelf for commercial development, framed as a cornerstone of national decarbonisation. The research argues that, long before turbines reach the sea, the energy transition is already underway in the meeting rooms of state agencies, at industry conferences, in fishers' harbours, and in the reports and maps that render the ocean as an allocable space. Two questions guide the inquiry: how does the anticipation of offshore wind produce the sea as an infrastructural space and as a 'green' future, and how is that future governed, contested, and inhabited before it materialises? Fieldwork began in October 2025, centred on the Directorate-General for Natural Resources, Safety and Maritime Services (DGRM), industry summits, interviews with state and industry actors, and soon to be extended to fishing communities in Figueira da Foz. Three early on themes emerge from this early material: transition as downward outreach, where communities figure as audiences to be \"educated\" rather than interlocutors; extractive genealogies, where decarbonisation is legitimised through analogies with historical cycles of national wealth, such as the colonial gold rush in Brazil; and naturalised consent, where objections to territorial impacts are deflected through non-human figures, such as sheep said to \"prefer\" the shade of solar panels, passing as ecological evidence. The arguments are presented through a series of ethnographic vignettes drawn from energy industry events (2025–2026).","author":[{"family":"Santos","given":"Catarina"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22025210","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22025210","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22025211","type":"article-journal","title":"Between Aeolus and Poseidon: The construction of offshore wind energy in Portugal","abstract":"Drawing on ongoing multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork, the poster examines how offshore wind energy is anticipated, planned, and legitimised in Portugal. In February 2025, the Offshore Renewable Energy Allocation Plan (PAER) designated 2,711 km² of the Atlantic continental shelf for commercial development, framed as a cornerstone of national decarbonisation. The research argues that, long before turbines reach the sea, the energy transition is already underway in the meeting rooms of state agencies, at industry conferences, in fishers' harbours, and in the reports and maps that render the ocean as an allocable space. Two questions guide the inquiry: how does the anticipation of offshore wind produce the sea as an infrastructural space and as a 'green' future, and how is that future governed, contested, and inhabited before it materialises? Fieldwork began in October 2025, centred on the Directorate-General for Natural Resources, Safety and Maritime Services (DGRM), industry summits, interviews with state and industry actors, and soon to be extended to fishing communities in Figueira da Foz. Three early on themes emerge from this early material: transition as downward outreach, where communities figure as audiences to be \"educated\" rather than interlocutors; extractive genealogies, where decarbonisation is legitimised through analogies with historical cycles of national wealth, such as the colonial gold rush in Brazil; and naturalised consent, where objections to territorial impacts are deflected through non-human figures, such as sheep said to \"prefer\" the shade of solar panels, passing as ecological evidence. The arguments are presented through a series of ethnographic vignettes drawn from energy industry events (2025–2026).","author":[{"family":"Santos","given":"Catarina"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22025211","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22025211","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21448152","type":"article-journal","title":"Improve  Efficiency  of  Horizontal  Axis  Wind  Turbine  by  Adding  Permanent  Magnet  Arrangement  On  System","abstract":"Preservation copy of an article published in International Journal of Technology and Emerging Research. Read the full article: https://ioro.org/ijter/article/212512147335/212512147335. The demand for renewable energy sources is rapidly increasing, with wind energy playing a vital role in sustainable power generation. Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWTs) are the most widely used configuration; however, they face limitations such as high cut-in wind speed, reduced efficiency at low wind conditions, and mechanical losses during start-up. This project explores methods to enhance the performance of horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWTs) by integrating permanent‐magnet components. In particular, it investigates how permanent magnets can increase starting torque to lower the turbine's cut-in wind speed, and how a permanent-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) can boost electrical conversion efficiency. Combined aerodynamic and magnetic design changes are expected to lower the minimum operational wind speed and raise overall system efficiency. This project proposes the integration of a permanent magnet arrangement into the turbine system to enhance efficiency and overall energy output. The permanent magnets are expected to provide magnetic lift and torque assistance, enabling smoother start-up at lower wind speeds while simultaneously improving generator performance through reduced electrical and mechanical losses.The research involves design and simulation of a modified HAWT system using CAD and analytical tools, followed by prototype development and experimental testing. Comparative analysis will be conducted between the conventional turbine and the magnet-assisted system to evaluate improvements in start-up speed, efficiency, and power generation. The expected outcome is a significant reduction in cut-in wind speed and an overall increase in energy conversion efficiency, making the system more viable in low-wind regions.","author":[{"family":"Chadge","given":"Mr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21448152","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21448152","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19219692","type":"article-journal","title":"Charging Without Subsidy: How the CPO-Aggregator Framework Unlocks Community-Scale Distributed Energy Investment in Europe","abstract":"This working paper argues that Europe's failure to deploy community-scale EV charging infrastructure integrating battery energy storage, solar generation, and balancing market participation under a multi-investor financing structure without subsidy dependency is not explained by technology immaturity, financing unavailability, or insufficient EV adoption. The cause is architectural: no EU member state has created a dedicated licensing pathway for a charging point operator to act as a licensed aggregator for co-located community battery storage. Without this CPO-aggregator pathway, the revenue stack that makes community BESS bankable without subsidy is structurally inaccessible. Using the Netherlands as the EU reference market, the paper designs a modular three-investor community EV charging node, a CPO, a battery energy storage operator, and a renewable energy generator, connected through bilateral power purchase agreements, a licensed aggregator contract, and a phased grid integration protocol that simultaneously addresses the Dutch DSO connection queue crisis by generating documented congestion-reduction evidence during consumption-only Phase 1 operation. The paper makes five core contributions. First, it demonstrates through a fully documented quantitative model that the three-investor architecture is commercially viable without subsidy at current Dutch market prices, with investor payback periods of 5.4 years for the BESS investor and 5.5 years for the solar investor after operations and maintenance costs, balanced within 1.2 months by deliberate design, and a consumer EV running cost advantage over petrol transport of 4.1 to 7.5 times across all pricing phases. The community node's all-inclusive overnight charging tariff is cost-competitive with existing Dutch public AC charging when idle fees, overstay penalties, and peak pricing surcharges are included. Second, it presents a combined stress scenario testing simultaneous adverse conditions across utilisation, GOPACS flexibility revenue, and FCR balancing market price, confirming that the architecture remains commercially viable for all three investor classes with FCR market access while the BESS investor's base case becomes non-viable without it. This establishes FCR market participation through the CPO-aggregator framework as the architecture's primary resilience mechanism rather than merely a supplementary revenue source. Third, it proposes six specific regulatory amendments for Dutch and EU law, each with a named responsible actor, named legislative vehicle, and documented precedent. The CPO-aggregator framework maps directly onto the ACER Network Code on Demand Response submitted to the European Commission on 7 March 2025, making the paper's central recommendation a direct contribution to an active EU legislative process with a 2027 national enforcement horizon. Two of the six amendments, the BESS double taxation exemption and the EV-charging co-located solar protection mechanism, face hard legislative deadlines in 2026 and January 2027 respectively, with the Dutch salderingsregeling abolition creating a time-bounded window for investor confidence protection of the kind whose absence destroyed Indian rooftop solar deployment across multiple states between 2017 and 2021. Fourth, it presents an EU-wide regulatory deployment readiness assessment of six member states, the Netherlands, Germany, France, Belgium, Sweden, and Denmark, against the same regulatory prerequisite checklist, confirming that the CPO-aggregator licensing pathway is absent in every market assessed. This universal gap makes the ACER Network Code on Demand Response the only mechanism available to establish the CPO-aggregator category simultaneously across all member states rather than through twenty-seven separate national legislative processes. Fifth, it identifies the community node's drip-charging mechanism as a structurally superior grid integration outcome compared to both unmanaged private home c","author":[{"family":"Arya","given":"Abhishek"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19219692","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19219692","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19219693","type":"article-journal","title":"Charging Without Subsidy: How the CPO-Aggregator Framework Unlocks Community-Scale Distributed Energy Investment in Europe","abstract":"This working paper argues that Europe's failure to deploy community-scale EV charging infrastructure integrating battery energy storage, solar generation, and balancing market participation under a multi-investor financing structure without subsidy dependency is not explained by technology immaturity, financing unavailability, or insufficient EV adoption. The cause is architectural: no EU member state has created a dedicated licensing pathway for a charging point operator to act as a licensed aggregator for co-located community battery storage. Without this CPO-aggregator pathway, the revenue stack that makes community BESS bankable without subsidy is structurally inaccessible. Using the Netherlands as the EU reference market, the paper designs a modular three-investor community EV charging node, a CPO, a battery energy storage operator, and a renewable energy generator, connected through bilateral power purchase agreements, a licensed aggregator contract, and a phased grid integration protocol that simultaneously addresses the Dutch DSO connection queue crisis by generating documented congestion-reduction evidence during consumption-only Phase 1 operation. The paper makes five core contributions. First, it demonstrates through a fully documented quantitative model that the three-investor architecture is commercially viable without subsidy at current Dutch market prices, with investor payback periods of 5.4 years for the BESS investor and 5.5 years for the solar investor after operations and maintenance costs, balanced within 1.2 months by deliberate design, and a consumer EV running cost advantage over petrol transport of 4.1 to 7.5 times across all pricing phases. The community node's all-inclusive overnight charging tariff is cost-competitive with existing Dutch public AC charging when idle fees, overstay penalties, and peak pricing surcharges are included. Second, it presents a combined stress scenario testing simultaneous adverse conditions across utilisation, GOPACS flexibility revenue, and FCR balancing market price, confirming that the architecture remains commercially viable for all three investor classes with FCR market access while the BESS investor's base case becomes non-viable without it. This establishes FCR market participation through the CPO-aggregator framework as the architecture's primary resilience mechanism rather than merely a supplementary revenue source. Third, it proposes six specific regulatory amendments for Dutch and EU law, each with a named responsible actor, named legislative vehicle, and documented precedent. The CPO-aggregator framework maps directly onto the ACER Network Code on Demand Response submitted to the European Commission on 7 March 2025, making the paper's central recommendation a direct contribution to an active EU legislative process with a 2027 national enforcement horizon. Two of the six amendments, the BESS double taxation exemption and the EV-charging co-located solar protection mechanism, face hard legislative deadlines in 2026 and January 2027 respectively, with the Dutch salderingsregeling abolition creating a time-bounded window for investor confidence protection of the kind whose absence destroyed Indian rooftop solar deployment across multiple states between 2017 and 2021. Fourth, it presents an EU-wide regulatory deployment readiness assessment of six member states, the Netherlands, Germany, France, Belgium, Sweden, and Denmark, against the same regulatory prerequisite checklist, confirming that the CPO-aggregator licensing pathway is absent in every market assessed. This universal gap makes the ACER Network Code on Demand Response the only mechanism available to establish the CPO-aggregator category simultaneously across all member states rather than through twenty-seven separate national legislative processes. Fifth, it identifies the community node's drip-charging mechanism as a structurally superior grid integration outcome compared to both unmanaged private home c","author":[{"family":"Arya","given":"Abhishek"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19219693","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19219693","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20433294","type":"article-journal","title":"Estudio comparativo de la potencia generada y la fatiga de turbinas eólicas marinas mediante el simulador OpenFAST","abstract":"En el presente trabajo se realiza un estudio comparativo de sistemas eólicos flotantes, en aras de analizar la generación de energía según las condiciones ambientales de viento y oleaje a las que se somete la turbina, así como las cargas estructurales que se producen y que permiten estimar la vida útil. Para ello, se estudia la turbina de referencia de 5 MW del National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) montada en dos plataformas offshore flotantes, una spar-buoy y una semisumergible, en dos parques distintos, La Pinta y Neptuno. La herramienta principal empleada en este trabajo es OpenFAST, un software de simulación de aerogeneradores de código abierto que permite parametrizar la turbina y analizar variables relevantes como la energía producida y las cargas que afectan al sistema. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la producción anual de energía y la potencia generada son muy similares entre las diferentes plataformas y ubicaciones, reflejando la homogeneidad del recurso eólico en los parques considerados. Sin embargo, el análisis de fatiga reveló diferencias significativas: el lifetime DEL en la base de la torre de la turbina es mayor cuando está instalada sobre la plataforma spar-buoy, especialmente en la dirección de cabeceo, lo que evidencia la influencia de la plataforma en las cargas de fatiga. El estudio valida el uso de OpenFAST para simulaciones de turbinas flotantes, obteniendo resultados realistas y consistentes con el comportamiento esperado. Además, se establece un procedimiento replicable para futuros análisis de rendimiento y fatiga de turbinas offshore, proporcionando una base sólida para investigaciones posteriores en este ámbito. Premio extraordinario de Trabajo Fin de Máster curso 2023/2024. Máster en Ingeniería Industrial. Universidad de Córdoba","author":[{"family":"López Y Villanueva","given":"Ignacio"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20433294","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20433294","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20433295","type":"article-journal","title":"Estudio comparativo de la potencia generada y la fatiga de turbinas eólicas marinas mediante el simulador OpenFAST","abstract":"En el presente trabajo se realiza un estudio comparativo de sistemas eólicos flotantes, en aras de analizar la generación de energía según las condiciones ambientales de viento y oleaje a las que se somete la turbina, así como las cargas estructurales que se producen y que permiten estimar la vida útil. Para ello, se estudia la turbina de referencia de 5 MW del National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) montada en dos plataformas offshore flotantes, una spar-buoy y una semisumergible, en dos parques distintos, La Pinta y Neptuno. La herramienta principal empleada en este trabajo es OpenFAST, un software de simulación de aerogeneradores de código abierto que permite parametrizar la turbina y analizar variables relevantes como la energía producida y las cargas que afectan al sistema. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la producción anual de energía y la potencia generada son muy similares entre las diferentes plataformas y ubicaciones, reflejando la homogeneidad del recurso eólico en los parques considerados. Sin embargo, el análisis de fatiga reveló diferencias significativas: el lifetime DEL en la base de la torre de la turbina es mayor cuando está instalada sobre la plataforma spar-buoy, especialmente en la dirección de cabeceo, lo que evidencia la influencia de la plataforma en las cargas de fatiga. El estudio valida el uso de OpenFAST para simulaciones de turbinas flotantes, obteniendo resultados realistas y consistentes con el comportamiento esperado. Además, se establece un procedimiento replicable para futuros análisis de rendimiento y fatiga de turbinas offshore, proporcionando una base sólida para investigaciones posteriores en este ámbito. Premio extraordinario de Trabajo Fin de Máster curso 2023/2024. Máster en Ingeniería Industrial. Universidad de Córdoba","author":[{"family":"López Y Villanueva","given":"Ignacio"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20433295","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20433295","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20733413","type":"article-journal","title":"Renewable Energy Communities and Third Sector: Tools for Building Solidarity and Sustainable Communities. A Systematic Review.","abstract":"Scope Most studies on renewable energy communities (RECs) focus on their relationships with local authorities. This article, however, offers a systematic review of the interaction between renewable energy communities (RECs) and third sector organizations (TSOs), focusing on faith-based organizations. The aim is to demonstrate how this interaction produces a suitable model for building supportive and participatory communities that promote social justice. The interaction examines the ethical, technical, and economic-legal aspects for faith-based and third sector organizations. Design/methodology/approach Based on a systematic literature review, the article demonstrates that little attention has been paid to the development of RECs involving religious organizations. To evaluate this interaction, an Italian case study is presented: the Vallette Energy Community (Piedmont). The benefits and advantages of RECs in the production and consumption system are discussed. Results The findings demonstrate that efficient energy sharing among community members promotes social justice, reduces energy poverty, promotes and protects environmental, social, and economic needs, and fosters the creation of caring communities. Research limitations/implications The study is limited by its small sample size, as cases of REC involving religious and voluntary organizations are still few and far between, but are increasing. Practical implications The model under consideration has practical implications for society, as it helps combat energy poverty among the economically disadvantaged; furthermore, a portion of the economic benefits generated by the REC will be used to pay the bills of families in difficulty. Originality/value Especially after the publication in 2024 of the “CEI Vademecum” on RECs, the research offers food for thought to local administrations, encouraging them to develop networks of renewable and solidarity-based energy communities, which can bring value from highly critical contexts, triggering profound changes with a view to greater environmental and social justice. Keywords: Solidarity communities, Environment, Sustainability, Third sector, Renewable energy communities, Social value creation.","author":[{"family":"Brescia","given":"Valerio"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20733413","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20733413","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20733414","type":"article-journal","title":"Renewable Energy Communities and Third Sector: Tools for Building Solidarity and Sustainable Communities. A Systematic Review.","abstract":"Scope Most studies on renewable energy communities (RECs) focus on their relationships with local authorities. This article, however, offers a systematic review of the interaction between renewable energy communities (RECs) and third sector organizations (TSOs), focusing on faith-based organizations. The aim is to demonstrate how this interaction produces a suitable model for building supportive and participatory communities that promote social justice. The interaction examines the ethical, technical, and economic-legal aspects for faith-based and third sector organizations. Design/methodology/approach Based on a systematic literature review, the article demonstrates that little attention has been paid to the development of RECs involving religious organizations. To evaluate this interaction, an Italian case study is presented: the Vallette Energy Community (Piedmont). The benefits and advantages of RECs in the production and consumption system are discussed. Results The findings demonstrate that efficient energy sharing among community members promotes social justice, reduces energy poverty, promotes and protects environmental, social, and economic needs, and fosters the creation of caring communities. Research limitations/implications The study is limited by its small sample size, as cases of REC involving religious and voluntary organizations are still few and far between, but are increasing. Practical implications The model under consideration has practical implications for society, as it helps combat energy poverty among the economically disadvantaged; furthermore, a portion of the economic benefits generated by the REC will be used to pay the bills of families in difficulty. Originality/value Especially after the publication in 2024 of the “CEI Vademecum” on RECs, the research offers food for thought to local administrations, encouraging them to develop networks of renewable and solidarity-based energy communities, which can bring value from highly critical contexts, triggering profound changes with a view to greater environmental and social justice. Keywords: Solidarity communities, Environment, Sustainability, Third sector, Renewable energy communities, Social value creation.","author":[{"family":"Brescia","given":"Valerio"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20733414","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20733414","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21298927","type":"article-journal","title":"Artificial Intelligence and Its Impact on Environment and Climate Change: A Comprehensive Review of Environmental Footprints, Mitigation Strategies, and Sustainable Pathways","abstract":"The rapid proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has precipitated an unprecedented surge in computational demand, fundamentally reshaping the global energy landscape and presenting both formidable environmental challenges and transformative climate mitigation opportunities. This comprehensive review synthesizes current evidence on AI's environmental footprint, encompassing energy consumption, water usage, carbon emissions, electronic waste generation, and rare earth mineral extraction. Global data center electricity consumption reached approximately 415-470 TWh in 2024-2025, with AI-specific workloads accounting for 20-29% of this demand and projected to reach 46% by 2030. Key Findings: - Training of large language models (GPT-4) consumed ~50 GWh of electricity - Inference operations constitute 80-90% of total AI computing energy - Global AI-related water demand projected to reach 4.2-6.6 billion m³ by 2027 - AI could reduce global CO₂ emissions by 1.5-4.0 Gt annually by 2030 Coverage Includes: - Energy consumption in AI training and inference - Water consumption and thermal management - Carbon emissions and grid intensity analysis - Electronic waste and hardware lifecycle - Rare earth mineral extraction - AI in climate mitigation (renewable energy, smart grids, carbon capture) - Jevons Paradox and rebound effects - Regulatory frameworks (EU, US, China) - Sustainable AI strategies and best practices Author:Hadia Arshad Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Climate Change, Data Centers, Carbon Footprint, Renewable Energy, Smart Grid, Sustainability, Jevons Paradox, Renewable Energy, Environmental Policy","author":[{"family":"Arshad","given":"Hadia"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21298927","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21298927","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21298928","type":"article-journal","title":"Artificial Intelligence and Its Impact on Environment and Climate Change: A Comprehensive Review of Environmental Footprints, Mitigation Strategies, and Sustainable Pathways","abstract":"The rapid proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has precipitated an unprecedented surge in computational demand, fundamentally reshaping the global energy landscape and presenting both formidable environmental challenges and transformative climate mitigation opportunities. This comprehensive review synthesizes current evidence on AI's environmental footprint, encompassing energy consumption, water usage, carbon emissions, electronic waste generation, and rare earth mineral extraction. Global data center electricity consumption reached approximately 415-470 TWh in 2024-2025, with AI-specific workloads accounting for 20-29% of this demand and projected to reach 46% by 2030. Key Findings: - Training of large language models (GPT-4) consumed ~50 GWh of electricity - Inference operations constitute 80-90% of total AI computing energy - Global AI-related water demand projected to reach 4.2-6.6 billion m³ by 2027 - AI could reduce global CO₂ emissions by 1.5-4.0 Gt annually by 2030 Coverage Includes: - Energy consumption in AI training and inference - Water consumption and thermal management - Carbon emissions and grid intensity analysis - Electronic waste and hardware lifecycle - Rare earth mineral extraction - AI in climate mitigation (renewable energy, smart grids, carbon capture) - Jevons Paradox and rebound effects - Regulatory frameworks (EU, US, China) - Sustainable AI strategies and best practices Author:Hadia Arshad Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Climate Change, Data Centers, Carbon Footprint, Renewable Energy, Smart Grid, Sustainability, Jevons Paradox, Renewable Energy, Environmental Policy","author":[{"family":"Arshad","given":"Hadia"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21298928","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21298928","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21909875","type":"article-journal","title":"Assessment of Nigeria's SDG 7: Evaluating Access, Clean Energy, and Efficiency Since 2015","abstract":"Despite its vast energy resources, Nigeria faces a critical challenge in achieving Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7), which aims for universal access to sustainable energy by 2030. This study provides an empirical assessment of Nigeria's progress by analyzing energy data from 2000 to 2024. While the national electricity access rate increased from 55.6% in 2015 to 61.2% in 2023, the analysis reveals a significant short-term policy trade-off. Employing a Vector Autoregression (VAR) model, the study finds that a 1% increase in investment in renewable energy (IRE) leads to a statistically significant 0.206% decrease in electricity access (ETA) in the subsequent period, suggesting competition for resources and infrastructure bottlenecks. Conversely, a reduction in carbon intensity, a proxy for clean technology adoption (AET), is a strong driver, increasing renewable investment by 353.07 units, indicating a reactive policy approach to decarbonization. The findings underscore a lack of integrated planning, where energy access, renewable expansion, and efficiency goals are not mutually reinforcing. To achieve SDG 7, the study recommends synchronized policies that combine grid modernization, targeted renewable investments in underserved communities, and stronger institutional frameworks.","author":[{"family":"Abu-Goodman","given":"Maryam"},{"family":"Odonye","given":"Osekweyi"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21909875","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21909875","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21909876","type":"article-journal","title":"Assessment of Nigeria's SDG 7: Evaluating Access, Clean Energy, and Efficiency Since 2015","abstract":"Despite its vast energy resources, Nigeria faces a critical challenge in achieving Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7), which aims for universal access to sustainable energy by 2030. This study provides an empirical assessment of Nigeria's progress by analyzing energy data from 2000 to 2024. While the national electricity access rate increased from 55.6% in 2015 to 61.2% in 2023, the analysis reveals a significant short-term policy trade-off. Employing a Vector Autoregression (VAR) model, the study finds that a 1% increase in investment in renewable energy (IRE) leads to a statistically significant 0.206% decrease in electricity access (ETA) in the subsequent period, suggesting competition for resources and infrastructure bottlenecks. Conversely, a reduction in carbon intensity, a proxy for clean technology adoption (AET), is a strong driver, increasing renewable investment by 353.07 units, indicating a reactive policy approach to decarbonization. The findings underscore a lack of integrated planning, where energy access, renewable expansion, and efficiency goals are not mutually reinforcing. To achieve SDG 7, the study recommends synchronized policies that combine grid modernization, targeted renewable investments in underserved communities, and stronger institutional frameworks.","author":[{"family":"Abu-Goodman","given":"Maryam"},{"family":"Odonye","given":"Osekweyi"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21909876","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21909876","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.26186/151067","type":"article-journal","title":"Australia's Energy Commodity Resources (AECR), 2026 Edition","abstract":"Australia’s Energy Commodity Resources (AECR) 2026 is the sixth edition of Geoscience Australia’s annual assessment of Australia’s energy commodity reserves, resources, and production, covering the 2024 reporting period. The AECR energy commodity resource estimates are based primarily on published open file data and aggregated (de-identified) confidential data. The annual assessment provides a baseline for the production and remaining recoverable resources of gas, oil, coal, uranium and thorium in Australia, and the global significance of our nation’s energy commodity resources. The publication also highlights the nation’s huge potential to provide clean energy solutions for our region including deployment of CCS and production of renewable hydrogen and hydrogen products.","author":[{"family":"Australia","given":"Commonwealth"},{"family":"Owens","given":"R"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.26186/151067","URL":"https://doi.org/10.26186/151067","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.13021/mars/14999","type":"article-journal","title":"Investigation of Conversion-type Electrode Materials for Metal-ion Battery Systems","abstract":"DEVELOPING CONVERSION-TYPE ELECTRODE MATERIALS FOR METAL-ION BATTERY SYSTEMS Eric Youngsam Kim, Ph.D. George Mason University, 2024 Dissertation Director: Dr. Yun Yu The United States aim to reduce carbon emissions using renewable energy and electronic storage systems, primarily through lithium-ion batteries for transportation, electronics, and power grids. However, current battery systems face limitations such as low energy density, durability, safety risk, and high costs of utilizing rare metals, necessitating the development of improved battery technologies. This dissertation focuses on the development of two types of conversion-type electrode materials (inorganic and organic) and investigates the chemical principles underlying their synthesis and structure performance correlations. Transition-metals sulfides (TMSs) are an advanced class of conversion-type electrode system, exhibiting promising characteristics such as high theoretical capacity (500-1000 mAh g-1), relatively low volume expansion, and exceptional thermal stability. Despite these advantages, TMSs electrodes often encounter challenges related to irreversible reactions. To address these limitations, a novel class of TMSs electrodes, quaternary transition metals silicon sulfides (QTMSs), has been developed. QTMSs electrodes have conducted cycling, rate capability, and kinetic tests, demonstrating significant potential as low-cost and sustainable anode materials for LIBs. The reliance on scarce metals such as Li, Ni, and Co in current battery systems presents challenges in terms of cost, safety, and environmental impact. The development of abundant metal-based battery systems can significantly reduce these points. One solution explored in this research is utilizing organic electrode materials (OEMs), which consist of highly conjugated, long-chain polymer, or graphene composites formed through π−π bonding. These materials are specifically designed as cathodes for the development of abundant metal-based batteries such as sodium, potassium, and aluminum. These OEMs electrode performed electrochemical and kinetical tests to decipher efficacy of OEMs as cathode for different metal-based batteries. The results provide a promising approach to electrode stabilization and the development of high-performance materials for improved electrochemical performances. To characterize the structures of battery materials, Fourier−transform infrared spectroscopy (FT−IR), X−ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (S−NMR), Raman, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) instruments were employed. The electrochemical performances of batteries were measured using galvanostatic charge−discharge (GCD), cyclic voltammetry (CV), cycling performance, galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Based on these assessments, the designed QTMSs and OEMs have demonstrated exceptional performance as electrodes materials across various metal-ion battery systems.","author":[{"family":"Kim","given":"Eric"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.13021/mars/14999","URL":"https://doi.org/10.13021/mars/14999","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21789626","type":"article-journal","title":"Technical and Managerial Challenges in the Implementation of Solar Energy Projects in Pakistan","abstract":"Pakistan's power sector has undergone a rapid and largely unplanned transformation over the last five years, driven not by top-down utility-scale investment but by hundreds of thousands of households and businesses installing their own rooftop solar systems. This research project examines the technical and managerial challenges that accompany this shift, using Pakistan's renewable energy sector — and its solar segment in particular — as the setting. The study asks three linked questions: what technical obstacles slow or degrade solar project delivery in Pakistan; what managerial and institutional obstacles compound them; and how the two interact in practice. A sequential mixed-methods design is used: a complete secondary data analysis of regulatory and industry reports (Chapters 2 and 4) is combined with a primary survey and interview component that is live and collecting real responses, though still in an early pilot stage (n = 4 at the time of writing; Section 4.11) rather than at full planned scale. Using verifiable secondary data from NEPRA's State of Industry reports, IEEFA, REN21, and Renewables First, this project documents Pakistan's net-metered solar capacity rising from roughly 50 MW in 2019 to over 6 GW by mid-2025, alongside solar panel imports reaching approximately 17 GW in 2024 alone. Case evidence from the Quaid-e-Azam Solar Park (including its Zonergy 900 MW phase) and the Neelum-Jhelum Hydropower Plant is used to illustrate recurring patterns: technically sound execution repeatedly undone by retroactive changes to tariff and regulatory terms, compounded by a DISCO circular-debt crisis that predates and outlasts the solar sector specifically. A small live pilot survey (n = 4 real respondents, collected via a self-administered online instrument) is reported transparently as exploratory, not representative, data alongside this secondary analysis. The project concludes that Pakistan's technical capacity to deploy solar power has consistently outpaced its managerial and regulatory capacity to integrate it, and it offers recommendations for project managers, DISCOs, and policymakers, alongside a validated instrument and a clear path for the larger-sample primary research this topic still requires.","author":[{"family":"Nayab","given":"Nayab"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21789626","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21789626","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21789627","type":"article-journal","title":"Technical and Managerial Challenges in the Implementation of Solar Energy Projects in Pakistan","abstract":"Pakistan's power sector has undergone a rapid and largely unplanned transformation over the last five years, driven not by top-down utility-scale investment but by hundreds of thousands of households and businesses installing their own rooftop solar systems. This research project examines the technical and managerial challenges that accompany this shift, using Pakistan's renewable energy sector — and its solar segment in particular — as the setting. The study asks three linked questions: what technical obstacles slow or degrade solar project delivery in Pakistan; what managerial and institutional obstacles compound them; and how the two interact in practice. A sequential mixed-methods design is used: a complete secondary data analysis of regulatory and industry reports (Chapters 2 and 4) is combined with a primary survey and interview component that is live and collecting real responses, though still in an early pilot stage (n = 4 at the time of writing; Section 4.11) rather than at full planned scale. Using verifiable secondary data from NEPRA's State of Industry reports, IEEFA, REN21, and Renewables First, this project documents Pakistan's net-metered solar capacity rising from roughly 50 MW in 2019 to over 6 GW by mid-2025, alongside solar panel imports reaching approximately 17 GW in 2024 alone. Case evidence from the Quaid-e-Azam Solar Park (including its Zonergy 900 MW phase) and the Neelum-Jhelum Hydropower Plant is used to illustrate recurring patterns: technically sound execution repeatedly undone by retroactive changes to tariff and regulatory terms, compounded by a DISCO circular-debt crisis that predates and outlasts the solar sector specifically. A small live pilot survey (n = 4 real respondents, collected via a self-administered online instrument) is reported transparently as exploratory, not representative, data alongside this secondary analysis. The project concludes that Pakistan's technical capacity to deploy solar power has consistently outpaced its managerial and regulatory capacity to integrate it, and it offers recommendations for project managers, DISCOs, and policymakers, alongside a validated instrument and a clear path for the larger-sample primary research this topic still requires.","author":[{"family":"Nayab","given":"Nayab"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21789627","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21789627","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.60909/bdigital/handle.001.13799","type":"article-journal","title":"La desregulación del licenciamiento ambiental a proyectos de bajas emisiones de GEI para impulsar la transición energética. Análisis del Decreto 510 de 2024 a la luz del principio de no regresión","abstract":"La aceleración de la transición energética alrededor del mundo ha planteado la necesidad de analizar la viabilidad de desregular el licenciamiento ambiental para los proyectos de energías renovables y/o de infraestructura de transporte de bajas emisiones de GEI. En este contexto, en Colombia se expidió el Decreto 510 de 2024, que elimina la exigencia de licencia ambiental a las actividades de adecuación de la infraestructura del corredor férreo para que operen trenes propulsados con cualquier medio de baja emisión de GEI. Este trabajo pretende analizar si esta medida se ajusta a los principios ambientales establecidos en la Constitución Política de Colombia y en la Ley 99 de 1993, en particular, al principio de no regresión ambiental reconocido por la Corte Constitucional, para lo cual se desarrolla un test de no regresividad que busca determinar si esta medida es justificada, adecuada y proporcional.","author":[{"family":"Quevedo Niño","given":"Diana"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.60909/bdigital/handle.001.13799","URL":"https://doi.org/10.60909/bdigital/handle.001.13799","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.21256/zhaw-34345","type":"article-journal","title":"Agri-PV deployment in Switzerland : developing a multi-criteria spatial analysis decision support system to prioritize locations","abstract":"Climate change is disrupting weather patterns, leading to increased droughts, heavy rains, and heatwaves that threaten agricultural production. Achieving net zero by 2050 in Switzerland necessitates an energy transition. A goal solidified by the 2024 federal Electricity Act&apos;s binding target to produce 45 TWh/year from new renewable energies by 2050, with solar power playing a central role. Agri-Photovoltaics (Agri-PV) offers a dual solution by integrating solar panels on agricultural land, enabling simultaneous food production and renewable electricity generation, thus boosting land-use efficiency and supporting climate-resilient agriculture. The suitability of Swiss agricultural fields for Agri-PV is, however, unclear since many stakeholders and factors must be considered when selecting a location. A lack of planning can lead to high failure rates, as the “Solarexpress” showed. This thesis developed a methodology for a multi-criteria spatial decision support system (SDSS) to rank agricultural fields in an area of interest in Switzerland for Agri-PV suitability (classifications: Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor). Through expert interviews, consulting relevant literature, and an Agri-PV lecture series, 21 critical factors (6x Electricity, 10x Agricultural &amp; Environmental, 5x Tourism &amp; Aesthetic) were identified alongside Boolean exclusion criteria. Based on 21 stakeholder surveys, the individual factors were weighted, revealing subjective distributions. To address this, an interactive dashboard was created, allowing users to allocate weights and utilize further interactive modules individually. This dashboard is publicly accessible via the following link: https://buja.shinyapps.io/MA_thesis_BuJa_Agri-PV/ The SDSS was designed and tested on the supply area of ewz (city of Zurich). Using average stakeholder weightings, 72 % of the agricultural land was classified as &quot;Good” suitability, with a production potential of 400 GWh/year, exceeding local 2040 solar targets by 100 GWh. Applying the stakeholder weightings to biased and unbiased Monte Carlo sensitivity analyses showed that Overhead semitransparent modules over permanent crops are best suited for Agri-PV. The Monte Carlo simulations also enabled the creation of heatmaps, which identified clusters of interest that could be pursued. While the SDSS offers valuable initial insights for informed decision-making, its limitations (e.g., not considering psychological factors such as willingness to invest or the acceptance of the landowner and the surrounding community towards Agri-PV) require further, in-depth investigation in a second step to ensure successful Agri-PV deployment. Overall, Agri-PV deployment in Switzerland faces two major hurdles: (1) the vague legal framework for Agri-PV which states that it must be &quot;beneficial for agricultural production&quot; but does not specify how this is measured. And (2) Agri-PV is currently a niche, research-focused topic in Switzerland, with limited public awareness. To foster widespread acceptance and successful deployment, a clear and expanded legal framework for Agri-PV, along with educating the broad public about its benefits, is essential.","author":[{"family":"Burri","given":"Jan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.21256/zhaw-34345","URL":"https://doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-34345","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.21256/zhaw-34068","type":"article-journal","title":"Assessing the impact of experiencing an ecological building on user acceptance and behavioral intentions : insights from the KREIS-Haus living lab","abstract":"References: Analysis and Synthesis of Research on Responsible Environmental Behavior: A Meta-Analysis: The Journal of Environmental Education: Vol 18, No 2. (n.d.). Retrieved 25 May 2025, from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00958964.1987.9943482 Bahho, M., &amp; Vale, B. (2020). A DEMONSTRATION BUILDING PROJECT: PROMOTING SUSTAINABILITY VALUES. Journal of Green Building, 15(2), 91–112. https://doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.15.2.91 Berry, S., Sharp ,Anne, Hamilton ,Jo, &amp; and Killip, G. (2014). Inspiring low-energy retrofits: The influence of ‘open home’ events. Building Research &amp; Information, 42(4), 422–433. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2014.894747 Buehler, D., Vischer, T., &amp; Junge, R. (2025). A Circular Design Concept for Implementing Sustainable Building Practices in the KREIS-Haus Living Lab, Switzerland. Buildings, 15(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15030409 Bungau, C. C., Bungau, T., Prada, I. F., &amp; Prada, M. F. (2022). Green Buildings as a Necessity for Sustainable Environment Development: Dilemmas and Challenges. Sustainability, 14(20), Article 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142013121 Feng, Y., &amp; Zhao, L. (2024). Emotional design for pro-environmental life: Visual appeal and user interactivity influence sustainable consumption intention with moderating effect of positive emotion. Heliyon, 10(19). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38521 Hungerford, H. R., &amp; Volk, T. L. (1990). Changing Learner Behavior Through Environmental Education. The Journal of Environmental Education. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00958964.1990.10753743 Molinari, M., Anund Vogel, J., Rolando, D., &amp; Lundqvist, P. (2023). Using living labs to tackle innovation bottlenecks: The KTH Live-In Lab case study. Applied Energy, 338, 120877. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.120877 Muranko, Z., Andrews, D., Newton, E. J., Chaer, I., &amp; Proudman, P. (2018). The Pro-Circular Change Model (P-CCM): Proposing a framework facilitating behavioural change towards a Circular Economy. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 135, 132–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.12.017 UNEP. 2022 Global Status Report for Buildings and Construction; United Nations Environment Programme: Nairobi, Kenya, 2021; p. 4","author":[{"family":"Lüthi","given":"Laila"},{"family":"Bühler","given":"Devi"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.21256/zhaw-34068","URL":"https://doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-34068","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.4232/1.14772","type":"article-journal","title":"GESIS Panel.pop Population Sample – Standard Edition","abstract":"Das GESIS-Panel bietet eine wahrscheinlichkeitsbasierte Mixed-Mode-Access-Panel-Infrastruktur am GESIS Leibniz-Institut für Sozialwissenschaften in Mannheim. Das Projekt bietet der sozialwissenschaftlichen Community die Möglichkeit, Erhebungsdaten aus einer repräsentativen Stichprobe der deutschen Bevölkerung zu erheben. Die eingereichten Studienvorschläge werden auf der Grundlage eines wissenschaftlichen Begutachtungsverfahrens bewertet. Die Rekrutierung der Panelmitglieder erfolgte zunächst im Jahr 2013 in persönlichen Interviews, gefolgt von einer selbst durchgeführten Profilbefragung. Der Modus wurde von den Teilnehmern gewählt. Alle Teilnehmer der Profilbefragung werden als Mitglieder des Panels betrachtet und zu den alle zwei Monate stattfindenden regelmäßigen Wellen eingeladen. Die Startkohorte umfasste Anfang 2014 4900 Panelisten. Um den Panelabrieb zu kompensieren, wurde im Jahr 2016 eine Auffrischungsstichprobe mit Hilfe des German General Social Survey (ALLBUS) gezogen. Die erste Kohorte umfasst deutschsprachige Befragte im Alter zwischen 18 und 70 Jahren (zum Zeitpunkt der Einstellung) mit ständigem Wohnsitz in Deutschland, während die zweite Kohorte Befragte ab 18 Jahren ohne Obergrenze umfasst. Im Jahr 2018 wurde eine dritte Rekrutierungsstichprobe gezogen, die mit der Welle ge integriert wurde. Auch die dritte Kohorte umfasst Befragte ab 18 Jahren ohne Obergrenze.Rückwirkend wurden die Fälle bis einschließlich Welle fc (dritte Welle aus 2018) in den Daten ergänzt. Nähere Informationen finden Sie im Data Manual (ZA5664-65_sd_data-manual) und dem entsprechenden Rekrutierungsbericht (ZA5664-65_mb_recruitment2018). Die Stichproben des German General Social Survey (ALLBUS) basieren auf einer disproportionalen Stichprobe von Befragten aus West- und Ostdeutschland. Ein Designgewicht, das die Integration der beiden Rekrutierungskohorten ermöglicht, ist im Datensatz enthalten. Nähere Einzelheiten entnehmen Sie bitte den Methodenberichten der Einstellungsverfahren und dem GESIS-Panel-Referenzpapier (Bosnjak et al., 2017). Im März 2020 wurde eine Sondererhebung des GESIS-Panels zum Ausbruch des Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 bzw. COVID-19 in Deutschland durchgeführt. Im Jahr 2021 wurde die vierte Rekrutierungsstichprobe mit Hilfe des German International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) gezogen, die mit der Welle ja integriert wurde. Die vierte Kohorte umfasst ebenfalls Befragte ab 18 Jahren ohne Obergrenze. Nähere Informationen finden Sie im entsprechenden Rekrutierungsbericht (ZA5664-65_r_i12.pdf). Im Jahr 2023 wurde die fünfte Rekrutierungsstichprobe mit Hilfe des German European Social Survey (ESS Round 11) gezogen, die mit der Welle la integriert wurde. Die fünfte Kohorte umfasst Befragte ab 18 Jahren ohne Obergrenze. Nähere Informationen finden Sie im entsprechenden Rekrutierungsbericht (ZA5664-65_r_k12.pdf). GESIS Panel Demographic Dataset Ab Version 43-0-0 ist der demografische Längsschnittdatensatz Teil des Veröffentlichungspaketes. Bei dem Datensatz handelt es sich um einen längsschnittlichen Datensatz (long format), mit harmonisierten Messungen zu demografischen Variablen: Befragten ID; Erhebungszeitpunkt; entsprechende Welle; Erhebungsjahr; Rekrutierungskohorte; Geschlecht des Befragten; Geburtsjahr; höchster Bildungsabschluss; persönliches Nettoeinkommen; Haushaltsnettoeinkommen; Familienstand; AAPOR disposition code; Einladungsmodus; Teilnahmemodus.","author":[{"family":"Gesis"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.4232/1.14772","URL":"https://doi.org/10.4232/1.14772","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.4232/1.14771","type":"article-journal","title":"GESIS Panel.pop Population Sample – Extended Edition","abstract":"Das GESIS-Panel bietet eine wahrscheinlichkeitsbasierte Mixed-Mode-Access-Panel-Infrastruktur am GESIS Leibniz-Institut für Sozialwissenschaften in Mannheim. Das Projekt bietet der sozialwissenschaftlichen Community die Möglichkeit, Erhebungsdaten aus einer repräsentativen Stichprobe der deutschen Bevölkerung zu erheben. Die eingereichten Studienvorschläge werden auf der Grundlage eines wissenschaftlichen Begutachtungsverfahrens bewertet. Die Rekrutierung der Panelmitglieder erfolgte zunächst im Jahr 2013 in persönlichen Interviews, gefolgt von einer selbst durchgeführten Profilbefragung. Der Modus wurde von den Teilnehmern gewählt. Alle Teilnehmer der Profilbefragung werden als Mitglieder des Panels betrachtet und zu den alle zwei Monate stattfindenden regelmäßigen Wellen eingeladen. Die Startkohorte umfasste Anfang 2014 4900 Panelisten. Um den Panelabrieb zu kompensieren, wurde im Jahr 2016 eine Auffrischungsstichprobe mit Hilfe des German General Social Survey (ALLBUS) gezogen. Die erste Kohorte umfasst deutschsprachige Befragte im Alter zwischen 18 und 70 Jahren (zum Zeitpunkt der Einstellung) mit ständigem Wohnsitz in Deutschland, während die zweite Kohorte Befragte ab 18 Jahren ohne Obergrenze umfasst. Im Jahr 2018 wurde eine dritte Rekrutierungsstichprobe gezogen, die mit der Welle ge integriert wurde. Auch die dritte Kohorte umfasst Befragte ab 18 Jahren ohne Obergrenze.Rückwirkend wurden die Fälle bis einschließlich Welle fc (dritte Welle aus 2018) in den Daten ergänzt. Nähere Informationen finden Sie im Data Manual (ZA5664-65_sd_data-manual) und dem entsprechenden Rekrutierungsbericht (ZA5664-65_mb_recruitment2018). Die Stichproben des German General Social Survey (ALLBUS) basieren auf einer disproportionalen Stichprobe von Befragten aus West- und Ostdeutschland. Ein Designgewicht, das die Integration der beiden Rekrutierungskohorten ermöglicht, ist im Datensatz enthalten. Nähere Einzelheiten entnehmen Sie bitte den Methodenberichten der Einstellungsverfahren und dem GESIS-Panel-Referenzpapier (Bosnjak et al., 2017). Im März 2020 wurde eine Sondererhebung des GESIS-Panels zum Ausbruch des Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 bzw. COVID-19 in Deutschland durchgeführt. Im Jahr 2021 wurde die vierte Rekrutierungsstichprobe mit Hilfe des German International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) gezogen, die mit der Welle ja integriert wurde. Die vierte Kohorte umfasst ebenfalls Befragte ab 18 Jahren ohne Obergrenze. Nähere Informationen finden Sie im entsprechenden Rekrutierungsbericht (ZA5664-65_r_i12.pdf). Im Jahr 2023 wurde die fünfte Rekrutierungsstichprobe mit Hilfe des German European Social Survey (ESS Round 11) gezogen, die mit der Welle la integriert wurde. Die fünfte Kohorte umfasst Befragte ab 18 Jahren ohne Obergrenze. Nähere Informationen finden Sie im entsprechenden Rekrutierungsbericht (ZA5664-65_r_k12.pdf). GESIS Panel Demographic Dataset Ab Version 43-0-0 ist der demografische Längsschnittdatensatz Teil des Veröffentlichungspaketes. Bei dem Datensatz handelt es sich um einen längsschnittlichen Datensatz (long format), mit harmonisierten Messungen zu demografischen Variablen: Befragten ID; Erhebungszeitpunkt; entsprechende Welle; Erhebungsjahr; Rekrutierungskohorte; Geschlecht des Befragten; Geburtsjahr; Geburtsmonat; höchster Bildungsabschluss; persönliches Nettoeinkommen; Haushaltsnettoeinkommen; Familienstand; AAPOR disposition code; Einladungsmodus; Teilnahmemodus.","author":[{"family":"Gesis"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.4232/1.14771","URL":"https://doi.org/10.4232/1.14771","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.26153/tsw/64313","type":"article-journal","title":"From reform to risk : the role of U.S. natural gas in Mexico’s electricity system under political constraints","abstract":"Mexico's electricity system faces mounting pressure from its deep reliance on U.S.-imported natural gas, which supplied approximately 74% of the country's gas needs and powered 64% of electricity generation in 2024. At the same time, recent policy shifts have restructured the electricity market to prioritize state-owned generation, raising critical questions about long-term system reliability, investment efficiency, and environmental performance. This work evaluates least-cost investment pathways for Mexico's electricity system through 2050 under varying political, fuel-supply, and clean-energy-generation constraints. Using an integrated modeling framework combining SWITCH-Mexico, an electricity capacity expansion model, and GPCM, a North American natural gas pipeline model, this study simulates 108 scenarios across three policy dimensions: (1) U.S. natural gas export restrictions, (2) clean energy targets, and (3) public sector ownership rules. Natural gas supply restrictions are modeled under two approaches: short-term caps applied only during the 2025–2030 period, and sustained caps extending through 2050, allowing comparison of transient versus structural disruptions to gas availability. Clean energy goals are drawn from Mexico's National Transition Strategy to Promote the Use of Cleaner Technologies and Fuels (Estrategia de Transición para Promover el Uso de Tecnologías y Combustibles más Limpios), which sets thresholds of 39.9% by 2033 and 50% by 2050. The public sector ownership rule, which requires the state to supply at least 54% of national electricity generation, is evaluated under three structures: maintained through 2050, eliminated after 2030, or removed entirely. Our results indicate that a restrictive gas export policy is the dominant determinant of outcomes across all metrics examined. Permanent caps drive total installed capacity from 297 GW under no restriction to 797 GW under a zero-export ban, shifting the generation mix from 64% gas to 48% wind, and raising total system costs by up to 61%. Permanent caps alone drive clean energy shares to 58–87% by 2045 without any mandate. Clean energy mandates produce second-order effects, binding only in low-constraint gas environments and only in the terminal modeling period. The public 54% dispatch policy has negligible aggregate influence on costs and emissions across most scenarios, but forces large-scale renewable buildout under the most extreme gas constraints, where the public sector outperforms private investors in renewable share while simultaneously driving higher total system costs. These results suggest that supply-side gas policy is a more powerful lever for Mexico's energy transition than either clean energy or public sector generation mandates, and that the effectiveness of domestic clean energy targets depends critically on the gas supply environment in which they operate.","author":[{"family":"Montes Goo","given":"Naomi"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.26153/tsw/64313","URL":"https://doi.org/10.26153/tsw/64313","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20723188","type":"article-journal","title":"Context-Specific Decentralized Agricultural Energy Deployment Methodology: An Engineering Framework for Irrigation-Dependent Operations","abstract":"This document presents a context-specific engineering methodology for the design, deployment, and operational integration of decentralized energy systems serving irrigation-dependent agricultural operations. The methodology was developed through graduate research in Energy Systems Engineering and validated through representative field deployments that have operated continuously since 2021. The framework addresses a practical implementation gap in agricultural renewable energy deployment by integrating wind and solar resource assessment, irrigation load profiling, crop-specific water requirements, storage sizing, automated energy dispatch optimization, commissioning, and structured knowledge transfer into a unified deployment process. Rather than applying standardized residential or commercial installation practices, the methodology uses resource-demand coincidence analysis and farm-specific operational characteristics to determine technology selection, system architecture, and dispatch strategies tailored to each agricultural operation. The document is intended as a technical reference for engineers, Extension professionals, technical advisors, researchers, electric cooperatives, and organizations supporting decentralized agricultural energy deployment. It is published to encourage technical review, practitioner feedback, and continuous refinement through representative field applications and knowledge exchange.","author":[{"family":"Mesak","given":"Bishoy"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20723188","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20723188","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20723189","type":"article-journal","title":"Context-Specific Decentralized Agricultural Energy Deployment Methodology: An Engineering Framework for Irrigation-Dependent Operations","abstract":"This document presents a context-specific engineering methodology for the design, deployment, and operational integration of decentralized energy systems serving irrigation-dependent agricultural operations. The methodology was developed through graduate research in Energy Systems Engineering and validated through representative field deployments that have operated continuously since 2021. The framework addresses a practical implementation gap in agricultural renewable energy deployment by integrating wind and solar resource assessment, irrigation load profiling, crop-specific water requirements, storage sizing, automated energy dispatch optimization, commissioning, and structured knowledge transfer into a unified deployment process. Rather than applying standardized residential or commercial installation practices, the methodology uses resource-demand coincidence analysis and farm-specific operational characteristics to determine technology selection, system architecture, and dispatch strategies tailored to each agricultural operation. The document is intended as a technical reference for engineers, Extension professionals, technical advisors, researchers, electric cooperatives, and organizations supporting decentralized agricultural energy deployment. It is published to encourage technical review, practitioner feedback, and continuous refinement through representative field applications and knowledge exchange.","author":[{"family":"Mesak","given":"Bishoy"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20723189","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20723189","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20437499","type":"article-journal","title":"A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Lignocellulosic Biomass: Deciphering the Synergistic Effects of Feedstock Composition and Catalyst Selection on Bio-crude Yield and Quality","abstract":"This record provides the complete systematic review package — manuscript, supplementary dataset, and PRISMA 2020 flow diagram — for a meta-analysis of hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of lignocellulosic biomass. The review synthesizes 103 data points extracted from 78 peer-reviewed experimental studies published between 2004 and 2026, following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. METHODOLOGYDatabases searched: Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect.Records identified: 2,495 (2,450 from databases + 45 from citation searching).After deduplication: 1,875. Excluded Round 1: 1,781.Full-text assessed: 94. Excluded Round 2: 16.Final studies included: 78 (103 data points).Quality assessment: 72 High / 6 Medium / 0 Low quality (6-criteria scoring). KEY FINDINGS- Mean bio-crude yield: 28.1 wt% (range 2.9–61.8 wt%)- Mean HHV: 28.8 MJ/kg- Optimal temperature: 251-300 °C (mean yield 28.5 wt%)- Optimal residence time: 16-30 min (mean yield 29.1 wt%)- Best catalysts vs no-catalyst baseline (22.9 wt%): MeOH co-solvent (+73%), K3PO4 (+69%), NaOH (+67%), K2CO3 (+56%), KOH (+53%)- Strongest cross-effect: alkaline catalyst × woody biomass CONTENTS1. Manuscript (Word document)2. Systematic review toolkit (Excel, 7 sheets: Dashboard, Screening, PRISMA Numbers, Data Extraction, Analysis, Quality Assessment, Writing Guide)3. PRISMA 2020 flow diagram (Word)4. README This work identifies major research gaps in feedstock × catalyst combinations and sets the experimental roadmap for the follow-up primary research (Paper 2).","author":[{"family":"Sinwisitsophon","given":"Jetnipit"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20437499","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20437499","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20437500","type":"article-journal","title":"A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Lignocellulosic Biomass: Deciphering the Synergistic Effects of Feedstock Composition and Catalyst Selection on Bio-crude Yield and Quality","abstract":"This record provides the complete systematic review package — manuscript, supplementary dataset, and PRISMA 2020 flow diagram — for a meta-analysis of hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of lignocellulosic biomass. The review synthesizes 103 data points extracted from 78 peer-reviewed experimental studies published between 2004 and 2026, following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. METHODOLOGYDatabases searched: Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect.Records identified: 2,495 (2,450 from databases + 45 from citation searching).After deduplication: 1,875. Excluded Round 1: 1,781.Full-text assessed: 94. Excluded Round 2: 16.Final studies included: 78 (103 data points).Quality assessment: 72 High / 6 Medium / 0 Low quality (6-criteria scoring). KEY FINDINGS- Mean bio-crude yield: 28.1 wt% (range 2.9–61.8 wt%)- Mean HHV: 28.8 MJ/kg- Optimal temperature: 251-300 °C (mean yield 28.5 wt%)- Optimal residence time: 16-30 min (mean yield 29.1 wt%)- Best catalysts vs no-catalyst baseline (22.9 wt%): MeOH co-solvent (+73%), K3PO4 (+69%), NaOH (+67%), K2CO3 (+56%), KOH (+53%)- Strongest cross-effect: alkaline catalyst × woody biomass CONTENTS1. Manuscript (Word document)2. Systematic review toolkit (Excel, 7 sheets: Dashboard, Screening, PRISMA Numbers, Data Extraction, Analysis, Quality Assessment, Writing Guide)3. PRISMA 2020 flow diagram (Word)4. README This work identifies major research gaps in feedstock × catalyst combinations and sets the experimental roadmap for the follow-up primary research (Paper 2).","author":[{"family":"Sinwisitsophon","given":"Jetnipit"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20437500","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20437500","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.17954925","type":"article-journal","title":"Do sertão à cidade: a fantasmagoria e a insaciável fome da modernidade","abstract":"Este ensaio emerge de um conjunto de problematizações suscitadas pelo evento “Cidade em Disputa: Transições Energéticas e Financeirização do Urbano” (2025), dedicado a refletir sobre as transformações em curso nos territórios urbanos e rurais do Rio Grande do Norte. Tomamos como ponto de partida dois eixos centrais: por um lado, a expansão dos projetos de energias renováveis; por outro, a financeirização do espaço urbano mediada por plataformas digitais. A partir de uma abordagem deliberadamente interdisciplinar, sustentamos a hipótese de que o elo profundo entre esses dois fenômenos não se encontra apenas em suas formas materiais, mas sobretudo em sua dimensão temporal — o “tempo” como categoria estruturante da modernidade e lógica fundamental do capitalismo contemporâneo.","author":[{"family":"Cunha","given":"José"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.17954925","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17954925","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.17954926","type":"article-journal","title":"Do sertão à cidade: a fantasmagoria e a insaciável fome da modernidade","abstract":"Este ensaio emerge de um conjunto de problematizações suscitadas pelo evento “Cidade em Disputa: Transições Energéticas e Financeirização do Urbano” (2025), dedicado a refletir sobre as transformações em curso nos territórios urbanos e rurais do Rio Grande do Norte. Tomamos como ponto de partida dois eixos centrais: por um lado, a expansão dos projetos de energias renováveis; por outro, a financeirização do espaço urbano mediada por plataformas digitais. A partir de uma abordagem deliberadamente interdisciplinar, sustentamos a hipótese de que o elo profundo entre esses dois fenômenos não se encontra apenas em suas formas materiais, mas sobretudo em sua dimensão temporal — o “tempo” como categoria estruturante da modernidade e lógica fundamental do capitalismo contemporâneo.","author":[{"family":"Cunha","given":"José"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.17954926","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17954926","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.18837837","type":"article-journal","title":"Beyond Prompting: Staring at the Sun (Infrastructure Edition)","abstract":"Beyond Prompting: Staring at the Sun (Infrastructure Edition) addresses the institutional challenge of integrating AI into high-stakes sectors - energy, infrastructure, regulatory, and policy work where AI-generated outputs must hold up under scrutiny in FERC filings, grid planning documents, environmental assessments, and rate cases. The author draws on years of regulatory experience, and in grid operations, and renewable energy deployment. The book translates that institutional experience into a practical methodology for organizations deploying AI at scale. Three operational frameworks are presented: • The Recursive Collaboration Cycle - a five-phase workflow (Define, Expand, Extract, Validate, Codify) for detecting semantic drift before it reaches mission-critical filings. Intellectual lineage: Deming's PDCA cycle, adapted for AI-assisted institutional work. • The Cognitive Grid - a model for managing the invisible infrastructure of shared vocabulary, strategic assumptions, and institutional memory that AI amplifies rather than replaces. • The Meaning Preservation Framework - a structural account of how meaning degrades when separated from source context, grounded in Shannon (1948), Weick (1995), and Bowker & Star (1999). Appendices include a deployable toolkit (initialization statements, drift detection checklist, adversarial review prompts), thirteen falsifiable axioms, and a glossary. The book explicitly states its limits: the method has not yet undergone controlled institutional pilot testing or formal adversarial expert review. Written for infrastructure and energy leaders, policy and regulatory experts, and organizational architects deploying AI across distributed teams. Companion to Beyond Prompting (Book I, Sweeney 2025).","author":[{"family":"Sweeney","given":"Christopher"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.18837837","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18837837","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.18850900","type":"article-journal","title":"Beyond Prompting: Staring at the Sun (Infrastructure Edition)","abstract":"Beyond Prompting: Staring at the Sun (Infrastructure Edition) addresses the institutional challenge of integrating AI into high-stakes sectors — energy, infrastructure, regulatory, and policy work where AI-generated outputs must hold up under scrutiny in FERC filings, grid planning documents, environmental assessments, and rate cases. The author draws on years authoring cybersecurity frameworks for the U.S. Department of Energy under the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, with signature authority over billions in federal spending and direct work across NERC compliance, grid operations, and renewable energy deployment. The book translates that institutional experience into a practical methodology for organizations deploying AI at scale. Three operational frameworks are presented: • The Recursive Collaboration Cycle — a five-phase workflow (Define, Expand, Extract, Validate, Codify) for detecting semantic drift before it reaches mission-critical filings. Intellectual lineage: Deming's PDCA cycle, adapted for AI-assisted institutional work. • The Cognitive Grid — a model for managing the invisible infrastructure of shared vocabulary, strategic assumptions, and institutional memory that AI amplifies rather than replaces. • The Meaning Preservation Framework — a structural account of how meaning degrades when separated from source context, grounded in Shannon (1948), Weick (1995), and Bowker & Star (1999). Appendices include a deployable toolkit (initialization statements, drift detection checklist, adversarial review prompts), thirteen falsifiable axioms, and a glossary. The book explicitly states its limits: the method has not yet undergone controlled institutional pilot testing or formal adversarial expert review. Written for infrastructure and energy leaders, policy and regulatory experts, and organizational architects deploying AI across distributed teams. Companion to Beyond Prompting (Book I, Sweeney 2025).","author":[{"family":"Sweeney","given":"Christopher"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.18850900","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18850900","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20835674","type":"article-journal","title":"Causal-Augmented Forecasting for Energy-System Decision Support","abstract":"Local energy systems–microgrids coupling renewable generation with electrical and thermal storage–must be sized, operated, and offered into ancillary-services markets under uncertainty about demand, generation, and prices. Optimal configurations cannot be derived analytically, and the data-driven tools used in practice are largely correlational: they degrade under regime changes and offer operators little transparent reasoning. We present \\emph{causal-augmented forecasting}, which pairs neural and statistical time-series models with structural causal models so that decision support reflects the causal drivers of demand, generation, and price, supporting intervention-aware, explainable recommendations with improved robustness under structural change. The method is embedded in a \\emph{deterministic-first} architecture: classical, auditable computation produces every figure, language models are confined to explanation, and a validation guard rejects any numerical claim not traceable to a computed value. On 3.5 years of real European public energy data (2022--2025, hourly), the strongest model attains 4.92% day-ahead MAPE with calibrated 90% prediction intervals (empirical coverage 0.89-0.92); across the 2022 European energy-price shock the causal-augmented model degrades less than a purely correlational one x 1.16$ vs. x 1.31$–a modest, honestly reported robustness gain. Point accuracy is delivered by the neural model, while the causal layer's value is explainability, intervention-aware decision support, and robustness. We show how the forecasts drive a decision layer–sizing optimisation, predictive control, and ancillary-service provision–over an energy-system digital twin, and release the evaluation harness openly for reproducibility.","author":[{"family":"Joury","given":"Ari"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20835674","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20835674","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20835675","type":"article-journal","title":"Causal-Augmented Forecasting for Energy-System Decision Support","abstract":"Local energy systems–microgrids coupling renewable generation with electrical and thermal storage–must be sized, operated, and offered into ancillary-services markets under uncertainty about demand, generation, and prices. Optimal configurations cannot be derived analytically, and the data-driven tools used in practice are largely correlational: they degrade under regime changes and offer operators little transparent reasoning. We present \\emph{causal-augmented forecasting}, which pairs neural and statistical time-series models with structural causal models so that decision support reflects the causal drivers of demand, generation, and price, supporting intervention-aware, explainable recommendations with improved robustness under structural change. The method is embedded in a \\emph{deterministic-first} architecture: classical, auditable computation produces every figure, language models are confined to explanation, and a validation guard rejects any numerical claim not traceable to a computed value. On 3.5 years of real European public energy data (2022--2025, hourly), the strongest model attains 4.92% day-ahead MAPE with calibrated 90% prediction intervals (empirical coverage 0.89-0.92); across the 2022 European energy-price shock the causal-augmented model degrades less than a purely correlational one x 1.16$ vs. x 1.31$–a modest, honestly reported robustness gain. Point accuracy is delivered by the neural model, while the causal layer's value is explainability, intervention-aware decision support, and robustness. We show how the forecasts drive a decision layer–sizing optimisation, predictive control, and ancillary-service provision–over an energy-system digital twin, and release the evaluation harness openly for reproducibility.","author":[{"family":"Joury","given":"Ari"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20835675","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20835675","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21447962","type":"article-journal","title":"A STUDY ON THE CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS THE SOLAR ENERGY DEVICES IN RAJAKKAD GRAMA PANCHAYATH,IDUKKI DISTRICT","abstract":"Preservation copy of an article published in International Journal of Technology and Emerging Research. Read the full article: https://ioro.org/ijter/article/212508054918/212508054918. Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the sun that is harness using a range of ever- evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaic, solar thermal energy, solar thermal energy, solar architecture, molten salt power plants and artificial photosynthesis. Solar energy is a highly delectable source of electricity.This study aims to study the awareness and satisfaction level of customers towards the solar energy device available in the market and the attitude towards the products. The study also focuses the various factors that influence the customers to choose the solar energy devices over electrical devices even they are comparatively cheap. The study of customer's behavior towards the acceptance of solar energy product with special reference to Rajakkad grama panchayath of idukki district , Kerala state is relevant because the study will help for future development of the area and place a major role for determining the standard of living and economic growth of people there and the benefits and problems of rural people by installing the solar energy products. This study found that most of the respondents monthly income lies between Rs.10000 to Rs.20000 and have their own house to live..Most of the respondents are non- governmental employees and entrepreneurs and get information about solar energy devices from mobile phone and installed hot water and photovoltaic solar energy devices.Majority of the respondents think that renewable source of energy is the main attractive factor about solar energy devices and use them for less than one year.Majority of the respondents reason for choosing solar device is cost saving and are satisfied with their usage.Though majority of the respondents facing problem of solar devices usage at night, they are satisfied with solar energy devices reducing electricity bills.The highest agreement is for solar energy being a reliable power source in Rajakkad Grama panchayath of Idukki district.","author":[{"family":"Jacob","given":"Dr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21447962","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21447962","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19654333","type":"article-journal","title":"From Pollution to Solution: Evaluating ETP Effectiveness and Future Sustainability in the Textile Industry","abstract":"Bangladesh’s textile sector strongly supports the economy but is a major polluter; water contamination from heavy chemical and dye use is a serious concern. Producing 1 kg of textile consumes approximately 80 to 200 litres of water, which is then contaminated with trace metals (Cu, Zn, As, Cr) and dyes, threatening aquatic life and human health. This study evaluates a textile factory’s Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) over 15 days in March 2025. Daily inlet and outlet measurements of pH, T.D.S., D.O., and temperature were analysed to assess treatment effectiveness. Results show markedly improved water quality with lower pH and TDS, higher D.O., and a moderate temperature decrease. The ETP employs hydrochloric acid, polyelectrolyte, PAC, decoloring agents, and other chemical, physicochemical, and biological processes. Total cost depends on treated volume, flow rate, chemical consumption, and related expenses. Renewable energy is discussed for its potential to reduce pollution and costs, but is not yet used. To further enhance efficiency and sustainability, advanced oxidation processes such as TiO2 with UV or H2O2 with UV should be considered. Overall, the findings underscore the critical role of ETPs in mitigating textile effluent impacts and offer practical avenues for improvement.","author":[{"family":"Sayam"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19654333","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19654333","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19654334","type":"article-journal","title":"From Pollution to Solution: Evaluating ETP Effectiveness and Future Sustainability in the Textile Industry","abstract":"Bangladesh’s textile sector strongly supports the economy but is a major polluter; water contamination from heavy chemical and dye use is a serious concern. Producing 1 kg of textile consumes approximately 80 to 200 litres of water, which is then contaminated with trace metals (Cu, Zn, As, Cr) and dyes, threatening aquatic life and human health. This study evaluates a textile factory’s Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) over 15 days in March 2025. Daily inlet and outlet measurements of pH, T.D.S., D.O., and temperature were analysed to assess treatment effectiveness. Results show markedly improved water quality with lower pH and TDS, higher D.O., and a moderate temperature decrease. The ETP employs hydrochloric acid, polyelectrolyte, PAC, decoloring agents, and other chemical, physicochemical, and biological processes. Total cost depends on treated volume, flow rate, chemical consumption, and related expenses. Renewable energy is discussed for its potential to reduce pollution and costs, but is not yet used. To further enhance efficiency and sustainability, advanced oxidation processes such as TiO2 with UV or H2O2 with UV should be considered. Overall, the findings underscore the critical role of ETPs in mitigating textile effluent impacts and offer practical avenues for improvement.","author":[{"family":"Sayam"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19654334","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19654334","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21913139","type":"article-journal","title":"Timed-out HPC jobs are 45% of a cluster's job energy and are predictable before they start","abstract":"v3 extends the Kestrel replication from 5 sampled months to ALL 29 available months, and corrects one overstatement carried in v2. v2 added the Kestrel replication; v1 covered NREL Eagle only. On public NREL Eagle HPC job records, jobs ending in TIMEOUT account for 6.6% of jobs but 45% of the machine's job energy — a larger share than every job that completed successfully. A timed-out job runs to its full wall-clock request by definition, so the asymmetry is structural. Whether a user's next job will time out is predictable at AUC 0.93–0.97 from four summary statistics (mean, standard deviation, range, mean absolute first difference) over the ratio wallclock_used/wallclock_req across their previous 24 jobs. Jobs 1–24 predict job 25, so nothing from the predicted outcome enters the features. The method replicates unchanged across all 29 months of a second, unrelated machine. On NLR Kestrel — a different cluster, a different era (2023–2025 rather than 2019–2020), a different user population, and no tuning of any kind — every one of the 29 available months scores AUC 0.918–0.990, median 0.954, with no month below 0.90. Cross-month transfer holds 0.851–0.990 across all 812 train/test directions, median 0.951, and every label-shuffle control lands in 0.480–0.506. Kestrel reports consumed_energy_raw_joules measured directly by Slurm, so its energy figures involve no reconstruction: 9,370,367 kWh of timed-out jobs across the 25 months carrying energy instrumentation. Across both machines, 9.9 GWh. Two caveats are reported rather than smoothed, and both trace to the same month: 2023-08 is by far the smallest (33,035 windows, 392 timeout positives) and is the only month whose label-shuffle control departs from ~0.50, reading 0.480; and all five of the worst cross-month transfers train on it. Energy instrumentation begins in 2023-12, so the four earlier months are scored for AUC but carry no energy figures and are excluded from the kWh total rather than counted as zero. Erratum carried from v2: v2's text stated Kestrel's AUC range \"sits inside\" Eagle's. That was wrong — Kestrel's floor was 0.9331 against Eagle's 0.9386, so the floor sat 0.005 below, though the ceiling was inside. The deposited results files always carried the correct figures and the replication conclusion was unaffected. An erratum was posted to the v2 record on the day of publication; this version fixes the text itself. A negative result is reported alongside: the same windows were screened against an octonion collapse engine, which scored AUC 0.513 — chance — and did not beat matched random projections (p = 0.470). The finding requires no such machinery and the claim is stronger without it. Further limits stated in full in the report: two DOE national-laboratory Slurm clusters, 32 months total, with Eagle the thinner half at three published months; \"did not complete\" rather than \"wasted\", since checkpointing codes leave partial results; TIMEOUT only, excluding the ambiguous CANCELLED state; job energy only, with no idle nodes, cooling or PUE; and predictable is not the same as avoidable, since acting on a prediction requires a policy this work does not evaluate. Includes a utility that pulls individual monthly parquet members out of the remote 697 MB Kestrel archive over HTTP range requests, without downloading it. Data from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and the National Laboratory of the Rockies (NLR), U.S. Department of Energy, via the NLR Data Catalog submissions 152 and 302. Both dataset licence notices are included and travel with any copy of the data, as those licences require. Kestrel's sensitive fields are hashed and no attempt is made to re-identify individuals from them. DOE/NREL/NLR/ALLIANCE do not endorse this work and are named solely to credit the data sources.","author":[{"family":"Jardine","given":"James"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21913139","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21913139","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21911351","type":"article-journal","title":"Timed-out HPC jobs are 45% of a cluster's job energy and are predictable before they start","abstract":"v3 extends the Kestrel replication from 5 sampled months to ALL 29 available months, and corrects one overstatement carried in v2. v2 added the Kestrel replication; v1 covered NREL Eagle only. On public NREL Eagle HPC job records, jobs ending in TIMEOUT account for 6.6% of jobs but 45% of the machine's job energy — a larger share than every job that completed successfully. A timed-out job runs to its full wall-clock request by definition, so the asymmetry is structural. Whether a user's next job will time out is predictable at AUC 0.93–0.97 from four summary statistics (mean, standard deviation, range, mean absolute first difference) over the ratio wallclock_used/wallclock_req across their previous 24 jobs. Jobs 1–24 predict job 25, so nothing from the predicted outcome enters the features. The method replicates unchanged across all 29 months of a second, unrelated machine. On NLR Kestrel — a different cluster, a different era (2023–2025 rather than 2019–2020), a different user population, and no tuning of any kind — every one of the 29 available months scores AUC 0.918–0.990, median 0.954, with no month below 0.90. Cross-month transfer holds 0.851–0.990 across all 812 train/test directions, median 0.951, and every label-shuffle control lands in 0.480–0.506. Kestrel reports consumed_energy_raw_joules measured directly by Slurm, so its energy figures involve no reconstruction: 9,370,367 kWh of timed-out jobs across the 25 months carrying energy instrumentation. Across both machines, 9.9 GWh. Two caveats are reported rather than smoothed, and both trace to the same month: 2023-08 is by far the smallest (33,035 windows, 392 timeout positives) and is the only month whose label-shuffle control departs from ~0.50, reading 0.480; and all five of the worst cross-month transfers train on it. Energy instrumentation begins in 2023-12, so the four earlier months are scored for AUC but carry no energy figures and are excluded from the kWh total rather than counted as zero. Erratum carried from v2: v2's text stated Kestrel's AUC range \"sits inside\" Eagle's. That was wrong — Kestrel's floor was 0.9331 against Eagle's 0.9386, so the floor sat 0.005 below, though the ceiling was inside. The deposited results files always carried the correct figures and the replication conclusion was unaffected. An erratum was posted to the v2 record on the day of publication; this version fixes the text itself. A negative result is reported alongside: the same windows were screened against an octonion collapse engine, which scored AUC 0.513 — chance — and did not beat matched random projections (p = 0.470). The finding requires no such machinery and the claim is stronger without it. Further limits stated in full in the report: two DOE national-laboratory Slurm clusters, 32 months total, with Eagle the thinner half at three published months; \"did not complete\" rather than \"wasted\", since checkpointing codes leave partial results; TIMEOUT only, excluding the ambiguous CANCELLED state; job energy only, with no idle nodes, cooling or PUE; and predictable is not the same as avoidable, since acting on a prediction requires a policy this work does not evaluate. Includes a utility that pulls individual monthly parquet members out of the remote 697 MB Kestrel archive over HTTP range requests, without downloading it. Data from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and the National Laboratory of the Rockies (NLR), U.S. Department of Energy, via the NLR Data Catalog submissions 152 and 302. Both dataset licence notices are included and travel with any copy of the data, as those licences require. Kestrel's sensitive fields are hashed and no attempt is made to re-identify individuals from them. DOE/NREL/NLR/ALLIANCE do not endorse this work and are named solely to credit the data sources.","author":[{"family":"Jardine","given":"James"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21911351","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21911351","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21911812","type":"article-journal","title":"Timed-out HPC jobs are 45% of a cluster's job energy and are predictable before they start","abstract":"ERRATUM (2026-08-12, same day as publication). The report text states that Kestrel's AUC range \"sits inside\" Eagle's. That is not correct: Kestrel's floor is 0.9331 against Eagle's 0.9386, so the floor sits 0.005 BELOW Eagle's, although the ceiling is inside. The accurate statement is that the two ranges closely overlap with Kestrel's floor slightly lower. The replication conclusion is unaffected — this overstated the tightness of the agreement, nothing else. The correct figures are in the deposited results.json and results_kestrel.json, which were always right. The file text will be corrected in the next version. v2 adds an independent replication on a second machine, where the energy is measured rather than reconstructed. v1 covered NREL Eagle only. On public NREL Eagle HPC job records, jobs ending in TIMEOUT account for 6.6% of jobs but 45% of the machine's job energy — a larger share than every job that completed successfully. A timed-out job runs to its full wall-clock request by definition, so the asymmetry is structural. Whether a user's next job will time out is predictable at AUC 0.94–0.97 from four summary statistics (mean, standard deviation, range, mean absolute first difference) over the ratio wallclock_used/wallclock_req across their previous 24 jobs. Jobs 1–24 predict job 25, so nothing from the predicted outcome enters the features. On Eagle the result replicates across three non-consecutive months, transfers across months in all six directions, and every label-shuffle control collapses to 0.498–0.503. Timed-out jobs consumed 539,414 kWh over those three months. The method then replicates unchanged on NLR Kestrel — a different cluster, a different era (2023–2025 rather than 2019–2020), a different user population, and no tuning of any kind. Five months give AUC 0.933–0.960, shuffle controls 0.495–0.501, and cross-month transfer holding 0.929–0.959 across all twenty train/test directions. Kestrel's range sits inside Eagle's despite the two machines sharing no hardware, era or users. Kestrel reports consumed_energy_raw_joules measured directly by Slurm from node-level power monitoring, so its figures involve no reconstruction: 1,836,369 kWh of timed-out jobs across five months. Across both machines, 2.38 GWh. A negative result is reported alongside: the same windows were screened against an octonion collapse engine, which scored AUC 0.513 — chance — and did not beat matched random projections (p = 0.470). The finding requires no such machinery and the claim is stronger without it. Limits stated in full in the report: two DOE national-laboratory Slurm clusters, eight months total, with Kestrel months sampled rather than exhaustive; \"did not complete\" rather than \"wasted\", since checkpointing codes leave partial results; TIMEOUT only, excluding the ambiguous CANCELLED state; job energy only, with no idle nodes, cooling or PUE; and predictable is not the same as avoidable, since acting on a prediction requires a policy this work does not evaluate. Includes a utility that pulls individual monthly parquet members out of the remote 697 MB Kestrel archive over HTTP range requests, without downloading it. Data from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and the National Laboratory of the Rockies (NLR), U.S. Department of Energy, via the NLR Data Catalog submissions 152 and 302. Both dataset licence notices are included and travel with any copy of the data, as those licences require. Kestrel's sensitive fields are hashed and no attempt is made to re-identify individuals from them. DOE/NREL/NLR/ALLIANCE do not endorse this work and are named solely to credit the data sources.","author":[{"family":"Jardine","given":"James"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21911812","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21911812","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20643758","type":"article-journal","title":"Scandinavia is Becoming the Energy Backbone of European AI. It Has No Sovereignty Doctrine Over What Runs on Its Power: Norway, Sweden, and Denmark Are Hosting the World's AI Infrastructure. The Constitutional Command Layer to Govern It Does Not Exist.","abstract":"Scandinavian nations are becoming the preferred location for European AI data centre development due to abundant renewable energy, natural cooling, and political stability. Sweden joined the US Compute Diplomacy framework in March 2026 while the European Union remains absent, fracturing Scandinavian sovereignty alignment at the moment of maximum infrastructure importance. Norway - outside EU AI Act obligations, with world-class NSM cyber sovereignty institutions - hosts significant AI infrastructure governed by American operators under US terms of service, with no sovereign command doctrine for override or continuity. This paper documents the three-component constitutional command gap across Scandinavian AI infrastructure and presents the Fijishi Sovereign Algorithmic Immunity Doctrine, Meta-Compliance Architecture, and Institutional Failover Charter as the constitutional command layer that operates independently of both American and EU governance frameworks.","author":[{"family":"Sharma","given":"Akhil"},{"family":"Sharma","given":"Preethi"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20643758","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20643758","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20643759","type":"article-journal","title":"Scandinavia is Becoming the Energy Backbone of European AI. It Has No Sovereignty Doctrine Over What Runs on Its Power: Norway, Sweden, and Denmark Are Hosting the World's AI Infrastructure. The Constitutional Command Layer to Govern It Does Not Exist.","abstract":"Scandinavian nations are becoming the preferred location for European AI data centre development due to abundant renewable energy, natural cooling, and political stability. Sweden joined the US Compute Diplomacy framework in March 2026 while the European Union remains absent, fracturing Scandinavian sovereignty alignment at the moment of maximum infrastructure importance. Norway - outside EU AI Act obligations, with world-class NSM cyber sovereignty institutions - hosts significant AI infrastructure governed by American operators under US terms of service, with no sovereign command doctrine for override or continuity. This paper documents the three-component constitutional command gap across Scandinavian AI infrastructure and presents the Fijishi Sovereign Algorithmic Immunity Doctrine, Meta-Compliance Architecture, and Institutional Failover Charter as the constitutional command layer that operates independently of both American and EU governance frameworks.","author":[{"family":"Sharma","given":"Akhil"},{"family":"Sharma","given":"Preethi"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20643759","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20643759","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20372853","type":"article-journal","title":"GLOBAL PROBLEMS","abstract":"Global ecological problems have become one of the most urgent challenges facing humanity in the twenty-first century. Rapid industrialization, population growth, urbanization, and excessive consumption of natural resources have caused serious environmental degradation across the world. Climate change, deforestation, air and water pollution, biodiversity loss, and waste accumulation threaten not only natural ecosystems but also human health and economic stability. These ecological issues are interconnected and require international cooperation, sustainable development strategies, and environmental awareness to mitigate their negative impacts. This article examines the major global ecological problems, their causes, consequences, and possible solutions. The study emphasizes the importance of environmental protection, renewable energy, ecological education, and global responsibility in ensuring a sustainable future for the next generations.","author":[{"family":"Dilnoza","given":"Murtazaqulova"},{"family":"Nilufar","given":"Karatayeva"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20372853","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20372853","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20372854","type":"article-journal","title":"GLOBAL PROBLEMS","abstract":"Global ecological problems have become one of the most urgent challenges facing humanity in the twenty-first century. Rapid industrialization, population growth, urbanization, and excessive consumption of natural resources have caused serious environmental degradation across the world. Climate change, deforestation, air and water pollution, biodiversity loss, and waste accumulation threaten not only natural ecosystems but also human health and economic stability. These ecological issues are interconnected and require international cooperation, sustainable development strategies, and environmental awareness to mitigate their negative impacts. This article examines the major global ecological problems, their causes, consequences, and possible solutions. The study emphasizes the importance of environmental protection, renewable energy, ecological education, and global responsibility in ensuring a sustainable future for the next generations.","author":[{"family":"Dilnoza","given":"Murtazaqulova"},{"family":"Nilufar","given":"Karatayeva"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20372854","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20372854","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19783081","type":"article-journal","title":"Cost and Feasibility Analysis of Off-Grid Solar Energy Systems for Household Electricity Consumption","abstract":"This article analyzes the cost structure and feasibility of off-grid solar energy systems for household electricity consumption, comparing them with on-grid and hybrid systems within the practical context of Thailand. The study argues that while off-grid systems can provide energy independence and reduce reliance on the electrical grid, the true cost of such systems extends beyond solar panels alone. Major cost components include Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries, long-term degradation, energy losses, load over-sizing and energy storage for periods of insufficient sunlight. The article further suggests that simple return-on-investment calculations may fail to reflect the real long-term structural costs of off-grid systems, particularly in systems supporting high electrical loads such as air-conditioning units, where battery degradation may occur faster due to continuous cycling, peak-load demand and high-temperature installation conditions.","author":[{"family":"Nimmahnratanakul","given":"Lunchanawat"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19783081","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19783081","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19783082","type":"article-journal","title":"Cost and Feasibility Analysis of Off-Grid Solar Energy Systems for Household Electricity Consumption","abstract":"This article analyzes the cost structure and feasibility of off-grid solar energy systems for household electricity consumption, comparing them with on-grid and hybrid systems within the practical context of Thailand. The study argues that while off-grid systems can provide energy independence and reduce reliance on the electrical grid, the true cost of such systems extends beyond solar panels alone. Major cost components include Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries, long-term degradation, energy losses, load over-sizing and energy storage for periods of insufficient sunlight. The article further suggests that simple return-on-investment calculations may fail to reflect the real long-term structural costs of off-grid systems, particularly in systems supporting high electrical loads such as air-conditioning units, where battery degradation may occur faster due to continuous cycling, peak-load demand and high-temperature installation conditions.","author":[{"family":"Nimmahnratanakul","given":"Lunchanawat"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19783082","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19783082","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22164069","type":"article-journal","title":"The Impact of AI on Ecology and Environmental Conservation","abstract":"The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Ecology and Environmental Conservation examines the dual environmental character of artificial intelligence: its growing value as a tool for ecological protection and the substantial environmental footprint created by its underlying computational infrastructure. The paper explores how computer vision, bioacoustic analysis, remote sensing, predictive modelling and autonomous systems are transforming wildlife monitoring, habitat mapping, anti-poaching operations, wildfire forecasting and conservation planning. A case study of the PrevisIA initiative in the Brazilian Amazon illustrates how satellite imagery and predictive AI can help authorities identify areas at risk of deforestation before irreversible damage occurs. At the same time, the paper considers the energy consumption, carbon emissions, water use, hardware requirements and material impacts associated with AI and modern data centres. It outlines practical mitigation strategies including model optimization, edge computing, carbon-aware scheduling, renewable-energy procurement, advanced cooling systems and more responsible patterns of end-user consumption. The paper argues that AI can become an important instrument of environmental stewardship only if its ecological benefits are assessed alongside—and designed to outweigh—the environmental costs of producing and operating the technology itself.","author":[{"family":"Limongi","given":"Mariano"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22164069","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22164069","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22164070","type":"article-journal","title":"The Impact of AI on Ecology and Environmental Conservation","abstract":"The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Ecology and Environmental Conservation examines the dual environmental character of artificial intelligence: its growing value as a tool for ecological protection and the substantial environmental footprint created by its underlying computational infrastructure. The paper explores how computer vision, bioacoustic analysis, remote sensing, predictive modelling and autonomous systems are transforming wildlife monitoring, habitat mapping, anti-poaching operations, wildfire forecasting and conservation planning. A case study of the PrevisIA initiative in the Brazilian Amazon illustrates how satellite imagery and predictive AI can help authorities identify areas at risk of deforestation before irreversible damage occurs. At the same time, the paper considers the energy consumption, carbon emissions, water use, hardware requirements and material impacts associated with AI and modern data centres. It outlines practical mitigation strategies including model optimization, edge computing, carbon-aware scheduling, renewable-energy procurement, advanced cooling systems and more responsible patterns of end-user consumption. The paper argues that AI can become an important instrument of environmental stewardship only if its ecological benefits are assessed alongside—and designed to outweigh—the environmental costs of producing and operating the technology itself.","author":[{"family":"Limongi","given":"Mariano"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22164070","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22164070","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22171417","type":"article-journal","title":"Development Finance for the Clean Transition in Emerging Economies","abstract":"The monograph argues that the clean‑energy transition in emerging markets is fundamentally constrained by a structural cost‑of‑capital divide, where identical renewable projects face financing costs two to four times higher than in advanced economies. As the document states, “a 10 percentage point divergence in the Weighted Average Cost of Capital… more than doubles the levelized cost of clean electricity” . This financing barrier—driven by sovereign risk, utility offtaker instability, and severe foreign‑exchange volatility—creates a perverse incentive for continued fossil‑fuel investment despite superior renewable resource endowments. To close the annual $1.2–$1.5 trillion EMDE clean‑finance gap, the monograph outlines a reformed global development‑finance architecture built on four pillars: (1) MDB balance‑sheet expansion via G20 Capital Adequacy Framework reforms, hybrid capital, and portfolio risk transfers; (2) programmatic FX de‑risking through facilities such as TCX that compress currency‑hedging premiums by hundreds of basis points; (3) thematic capital‑market innovation, including sovereign green bonds, sustainability‑linked bonds with step‑up penalties, catastrophe bonds, and tokenized retail micro‑debt; and (4) resilient‑infrastructure financing, featuring availability‑payment PPPs, debt‑for‑climate swaps, and universal Climate‑Resilient Debt Clauses that pause payments for 24 months after disasters. The monograph integrates regional case studies—JETP Indonesia/Vietnam, India’s SECI intermediary offtaker, Kenya’s geothermal SPVs, South Africa’s grid‑unbundling, and Brazil’s FX‑hedging platform—to demonstrate how institutional design can unlock private capital at scale. It concludes with a phased roadmap to 2050, emphasizing MDB mobilization ratios above 1:4, deep local‑currency capital‑market development, and the long‑term elimination of the sovereign climate‑risk premium. Ultimately, the document frames development finance not as aid but as “the most prudent, high‑return global investment in shared prosperity and planetary stability” .","author":[{"family":"Hughes","given":"Hunter"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22171417","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22171417","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22171418","type":"article-journal","title":"Development Finance for the Clean Transition in Emerging Economies","abstract":"The monograph argues that the clean‑energy transition in emerging markets is fundamentally constrained by a structural cost‑of‑capital divide, where identical renewable projects face financing costs two to four times higher than in advanced economies. As the document states, “a 10 percentage point divergence in the Weighted Average Cost of Capital… more than doubles the levelized cost of clean electricity” . This financing barrier—driven by sovereign risk, utility offtaker instability, and severe foreign‑exchange volatility—creates a perverse incentive for continued fossil‑fuel investment despite superior renewable resource endowments. To close the annual $1.2–$1.5 trillion EMDE clean‑finance gap, the monograph outlines a reformed global development‑finance architecture built on four pillars: (1) MDB balance‑sheet expansion via G20 Capital Adequacy Framework reforms, hybrid capital, and portfolio risk transfers; (2) programmatic FX de‑risking through facilities such as TCX that compress currency‑hedging premiums by hundreds of basis points; (3) thematic capital‑market innovation, including sovereign green bonds, sustainability‑linked bonds with step‑up penalties, catastrophe bonds, and tokenized retail micro‑debt; and (4) resilient‑infrastructure financing, featuring availability‑payment PPPs, debt‑for‑climate swaps, and universal Climate‑Resilient Debt Clauses that pause payments for 24 months after disasters. The monograph integrates regional case studies—JETP Indonesia/Vietnam, India’s SECI intermediary offtaker, Kenya’s geothermal SPVs, South Africa’s grid‑unbundling, and Brazil’s FX‑hedging platform—to demonstrate how institutional design can unlock private capital at scale. It concludes with a phased roadmap to 2050, emphasizing MDB mobilization ratios above 1:4, deep local‑currency capital‑market development, and the long‑term elimination of the sovereign climate‑risk premium. Ultimately, the document frames development finance not as aid but as “the most prudent, high‑return global investment in shared prosperity and planetary stability” .","author":[{"family":"Hughes","given":"Hunter"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22171418","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22171418","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22173045","type":"article-journal","title":"Designing Without Harm: A Narrative Review of Green Chemistry from Atom Economy to Catalysis and Solvent Innovation","abstract":"Green chemistry reframed synthesis from a question of possibility to a question of responsibility: what reactions should be designed when efficiency, hazard, and waste enter the definition of quality. This article presents a narrative review of the field's canonical line: Trost's 1991 atom economy as a synthetic virtue, Anastas and Warner's 1998 twelve principles, Anastas and Kirchhoff's 2002 account of origins and challenges, Sheldon's catalysis-centered arguments for waste minimization, Sheldon's 2005 survey of green solvents, Welton's 1999 foundation of ionic-liquid chemistry, Clark and Macquarrie's technology handbook, Sheldon, Arends, and Hanefeld's catalysis synthesis, Poliakoff and Licence's sustainability metrics, Constable and colleagues' solvent-selection data from pharmaceutical practice, Jessop's 2011 critique of solvent greening, and Zimmermann and colleagues' 2020 design agenda. The synthesis is organized around three themes: principles and metrics, in which qualitative rules were made quantitative and auditable; catalysis and materials, in which selectivity and turnover displaced stoichiometric reagents; and solvents, in which the majority of process mass was recognized as an environmental lever. It is concluded that green chemistry's durable contribution is the normalization of design accounting---mass, energy, and hazard counted at the drawing board---and that its frontier is now systems integration with renewable feedstocks, biocatalysis, and life-cycle assessment.","author":[{"family":"Revista","given":"Zen"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22173045","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22173045","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22173046","type":"article-journal","title":"Designing Without Harm: A Narrative Review of Green Chemistry from Atom Economy to Catalysis and Solvent Innovation","abstract":"Green chemistry reframed synthesis from a question of possibility to a question of responsibility: what reactions should be designed when efficiency, hazard, and waste enter the definition of quality. This article presents a narrative review of the field's canonical line: Trost's 1991 atom economy as a synthetic virtue, Anastas and Warner's 1998 twelve principles, Anastas and Kirchhoff's 2002 account of origins and challenges, Sheldon's catalysis-centered arguments for waste minimization, Sheldon's 2005 survey of green solvents, Welton's 1999 foundation of ionic-liquid chemistry, Clark and Macquarrie's technology handbook, Sheldon, Arends, and Hanefeld's catalysis synthesis, Poliakoff and Licence's sustainability metrics, Constable and colleagues' solvent-selection data from pharmaceutical practice, Jessop's 2011 critique of solvent greening, and Zimmermann and colleagues' 2020 design agenda. The synthesis is organized around three themes: principles and metrics, in which qualitative rules were made quantitative and auditable; catalysis and materials, in which selectivity and turnover displaced stoichiometric reagents; and solvents, in which the majority of process mass was recognized as an environmental lever. It is concluded that green chemistry's durable contribution is the normalization of design accounting---mass, energy, and hazard counted at the drawing board---and that its frontier is now systems integration with renewable feedstocks, biocatalysis, and life-cycle assessment.","author":[{"family":"Revista","given":"Zen"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22173046","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22173046","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22172994","type":"article-journal","title":"Developments and Applications in Renewable Energy Geography and Practical Implications: A Scoping Review","abstract":"This narrative review examines the current state of knowledge regarding Renewable Energy Geography within the broader context of Geography. We survey the theoretical foundations, methodological approaches, and key findings that have shaped the field, identifying major themes and tracing the evolution of ideas over time. The review synthesizes evidence from multiple research traditions and highlights both established conclusions and areas of ongoing debate. Particular attention is given to recent advances that have opened new avenues for investigation and to the practical implications of theoretical developments. We conclude with a discussion of the most promising directions for future research, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and methodological innovation.","author":[{"family":"Revista","given":"Zen"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22172994","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22172994","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22172993","type":"article-journal","title":"Developments and Applications in Renewable Energy Geography and Practical Implications: A Scoping Review","abstract":"This narrative review examines the current state of knowledge regarding Renewable Energy Geography within the broader context of Geography. We survey the theoretical foundations, methodological approaches, and key findings that have shaped the field, identifying major themes and tracing the evolution of ideas over time. The review synthesizes evidence from multiple research traditions and highlights both established conclusions and areas of ongoing debate. Particular attention is given to recent advances that have opened new avenues for investigation and to the practical implications of theoretical developments. We conclude with a discussion of the most promising directions for future research, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and methodological innovation.","author":[{"family":"Revista","given":"Zen"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22172993","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22172993","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22169866","type":"article-journal","title":"Explainable Physics-Informed Transformer Framework for Probabilistic Solar PV Power Forecasting Under Extreme Weather Conditions: A Simulation-Based 20 kW Case Study for Karachi West, Pakistan","abstract":"This preprint presents an explainable physics-informed Transformer framework for probabilistic short-term solar photovoltaic (PV) power forecasting under extreme weather conditions. A simulation-based 20 kW PV system in Karachi West, Pakistan, is investigated using NASA POWER hourly weather data from 2021–2025 and a pvlib-based digital twin. The proposed framework generates probabilistic forecasts at 1-hour, 2-hour, and 3-hour horizons using q10, q50, and q90 quantiles. It integrates physics-derived PV variables, extreme-weather indicators, conformal calibration, and explainability analysis. On the held-out 2025 test period, the Transformer achieved MAE values of 0.238 kW, 0.266 kW, and 0.318 kW at the 1-hour, 2-hour, and 3-hour horizons, respectively. Calibrated q10–q90 prediction intervals achieved approximately nominal 80% coverage under daylight and extreme-weather conditions. Deterministic benchmarking showed that Histogram Gradient Boosting achieved lower point-forecast errors than the Transformer, and this result is reported transparently. The main contribution of the framework is its combination of probabilistic forecasting, physics-informed modeling, extreme-weather evaluation, uncertainty calibration, and explainability. This study is explicitly simulation-based. The PV power target is generated using a pvlib digital twin and does not represent measured inverter data from a physical 20 kW installation. NASA POWER historical weather data are used rather than archived operational numerical weather prediction forecasts. This preprint is released for research dissemination, reproducibility, academic discussion, and future validation using measured PV plant data. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22169867","author":[{"family":"Khan","given":"Walid"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22169866","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22169866","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22169867","type":"article-journal","title":"Explainable Physics-Informed Transformer Framework for Probabilistic Solar PV Power Forecasting Under Extreme Weather Conditions: A Simulation-Based 20 kW Case Study for Karachi West, Pakistan","abstract":"This preprint presents an explainable physics-informed Transformer framework for probabilistic short-term solar photovoltaic (PV) power forecasting under extreme weather conditions. A simulation-based 20 kW PV system in Karachi West, Pakistan, is investigated using NASA POWER hourly weather data from 2021–2025 and a pvlib-based digital twin. The proposed framework generates probabilistic forecasts at 1-hour, 2-hour, and 3-hour horizons using q10, q50, and q90 quantiles. It integrates physics-derived PV variables, extreme-weather indicators, conformal calibration, and explainability analysis. On the held-out 2025 test period, the Transformer achieved MAE values of 0.238 kW, 0.266 kW, and 0.318 kW at the 1-hour, 2-hour, and 3-hour horizons, respectively. Calibrated q10–q90 prediction intervals achieved approximately nominal 80% coverage under daylight and extreme-weather conditions. Deterministic benchmarking showed that Histogram Gradient Boosting achieved lower point-forecast errors than the Transformer, and this result is reported transparently. The main contribution of the framework is its combination of probabilistic forecasting, physics-informed modeling, extreme-weather evaluation, uncertainty calibration, and explainability. This study is explicitly simulation-based. The PV power target is generated using a pvlib digital twin and does not represent measured inverter data from a physical 20 kW installation. NASA POWER historical weather data are used rather than archived operational numerical weather prediction forecasts. This preprint is released for research dissemination, reproducibility, academic discussion, and future validation using measured PV plant data. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22169867","author":[{"family":"Khan","given":"Walid"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22169867","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22169867","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20495012","type":"article-journal","title":"Datasets for the Climate-Aware Transferability Framework (CATF) for Cross-Climate Solar Irradiance Forecasting","abstract":"This dataset accompanies the study \"Climate-Aware Transferability Framework (CATF) for Cross-Climate Solar Irradiance Forecasting.\" The dataset contains processed 15-minute global horizontal irradiance (GHI) observations and derived variables used for in-domain forecasting, cross-climate transfer evaluation, and external validation. Study sites include: • Bondville, Illinois, USA (BND) – Humid Continental• Desert Rock, Nevada, USA (DRA) – Hot Desert• Fort Peck, Montana, USA (FPK) – Cold Continental• Cocos Islands, Australia (COC) – Tropical Maritime The data were derived from publicly available SURFRAD and BSRN observations and processed using a unified quality-control and resampling workflow described in the associated publication. The dataset is provided to support reproducibility of the Climate Transferability Index (CTI), Climate Transferability Potential (CTP), and Climate Regime Descriptor (CRD) analyses.","author":[{"family":"Alameen","given":"Abdalla"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20495012","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20495012","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20495013","type":"article-journal","title":"Datasets for the Climate-Aware Transferability Framework (CATF) for Cross-Climate Solar Irradiance Forecasting","abstract":"This dataset accompanies the study \"Climate-Aware Transferability Framework (CATF) for Cross-Climate Solar Irradiance Forecasting.\" The dataset contains processed 15-minute global horizontal irradiance (GHI) observations and derived variables used for in-domain forecasting, cross-climate transfer evaluation, and external validation. Study sites include: • Bondville, Illinois, USA (BND) – Humid Continental• Desert Rock, Nevada, USA (DRA) – Hot Desert• Fort Peck, Montana, USA (FPK) – Cold Continental• Cocos Islands, Australia (COC) – Tropical Maritime The data were derived from publicly available SURFRAD and BSRN observations and processed using a unified quality-control and resampling workflow described in the associated publication. The dataset is provided to support reproducibility of the Climate Transferability Index (CTI), Climate Transferability Potential (CTP), and Climate Regime Descriptor (CRD) analyses.","author":[{"family":"Alameen","given":"Abdalla"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20495013","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20495013","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22171062","type":"article-journal","title":"Technology Diffusion, Clean Development, and Economic Convergence Across Emerging Economies","abstract":"Sustainable economic convergence in emerging markets now hinges on a structural break from the historical fossil‑fuel‑intensive development model. As the document states, “achieving sustainable economic convergence requires nothing less than a fundamental structural decoupling of economic growth from carbon intensity.” This monograph argues that clean technology diffusion—through FDI spillovers, global value chain integration, patent licensing, South‑South cooperation, and AI‑enabled grid modernization—has become the central engine of productivity growth and industrial upgrading across the Global South. Empirical evidence shows that clean capital inflows generate significant Total Factor Productivity (TFP) gains, with green FDI and capital‑goods imports producing elasticities of +0.32% to +0.38% per 10% increase, while domestic absorptive capacity yields the highest long‑run multiplier. The study identifies a persistent cost‑of‑capital divide—where emerging economies face WACCs 2–4× higher than advanced economies—as the largest barrier to clean diffusion, despite dramatic global cost declines in solar, wind, and battery storage. It also highlights systemic risks including transmission grid deficits, CBAM‑driven trade vulnerabilities, and critical mineral refining concentration. To overcome these constraints, the monograph proposes a three‑pillar policy architecture: (1) financial de‑risking via MDB guarantees and FX‑risk mitigation; (2) targeted green industrial policy to build domestic manufacturing and absorptive capacity; and (3) open technology transfer through patent pools, TRIPS flexibilities, and interconnected regional supergrids. Ultimately, the document outlines a phased roadmap (2026–2050) in which emerging economies can achieve full structural convergence—defined as high‑productivity, low‑carbon industrialization—by scaling clean energy, modernizing grids, deploying green hydrogen and advanced manufacturing, and establishing equitable global technology‑transfer systems.","author":[{"family":"Hughes","given":"Hunter"},{"family":"Heuristics","given":"H"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22171062","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22171062","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22171063","type":"article-journal","title":"Technology Diffusion, Clean Development, and Economic Convergence Across Emerging Economies","abstract":"Sustainable economic convergence in emerging markets now hinges on a structural break from the historical fossil‑fuel‑intensive development model. As the document states, “achieving sustainable economic convergence requires nothing less than a fundamental structural decoupling of economic growth from carbon intensity.” This monograph argues that clean technology diffusion—through FDI spillovers, global value chain integration, patent licensing, South‑South cooperation, and AI‑enabled grid modernization—has become the central engine of productivity growth and industrial upgrading across the Global South. Empirical evidence shows that clean capital inflows generate significant Total Factor Productivity (TFP) gains, with green FDI and capital‑goods imports producing elasticities of +0.32% to +0.38% per 10% increase, while domestic absorptive capacity yields the highest long‑run multiplier. The study identifies a persistent cost‑of‑capital divide—where emerging economies face WACCs 2–4× higher than advanced economies—as the largest barrier to clean diffusion, despite dramatic global cost declines in solar, wind, and battery storage. It also highlights systemic risks including transmission grid deficits, CBAM‑driven trade vulnerabilities, and critical mineral refining concentration. To overcome these constraints, the monograph proposes a three‑pillar policy architecture: (1) financial de‑risking via MDB guarantees and FX‑risk mitigation; (2) targeted green industrial policy to build domestic manufacturing and absorptive capacity; and (3) open technology transfer through patent pools, TRIPS flexibilities, and interconnected regional supergrids. Ultimately, the document outlines a phased roadmap (2026–2050) in which emerging economies can achieve full structural convergence—defined as high‑productivity, low‑carbon industrialization—by scaling clean energy, modernizing grids, deploying green hydrogen and advanced manufacturing, and establishing equitable global technology‑transfer systems.","author":[{"family":"Hughes","given":"Hunter"},{"family":"Heuristics","given":"H"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22171063","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22171063","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20292736","type":"article-journal","title":"Authorization Architectures for AI-Driven Critical Infrastructure: Runtime Authorization for AI-Assisted Decision Systems in Nuclear and Renewable Energy Environments","abstract":"Abstract Artificial intelligence is entering critical infrastructure and energy operations at an accelerating rate, assuming roles in forecasting, maintenance optimization, dispatch recommendations, and anomaly interpretation. Existing assurance approaches rely predominantly on monitoring, post hoc audit, and policy-level oversight. In high-consequence environments such as nuclear facilities and renewable energy grids, post hoc oversight is structurally insufficient: detection after the fact does not prevent unsafe action execution. Monitoring creates evidence of what occurred. Runtime authorization creates evidence of what was permitted before occurrence. This paper argues that the principal safety challenge for AI in critical infrastructure is not model accuracy alone, but action eligibility: the determination, at execution time, of whether a proposed action is permissible under the operative constraint regime. The paper proposes a conceptual reference architecture for runtime authorization in AI-driven critical infrastructure. The architecture introduces a non-bypassable authorization layer between AI-generated recommendations and operational actuation, evaluates candidate actions against safety, regulatory, operational, and role-based constraints, and emits a contemporaneous, tamper-evident authorization artifact for every verdict. Application contexts include nuclear facility decision support, renewable generation dispatch, predictive maintenance, and degraded-state emergency operations. Design principles include fail-closed enforcement, separation of recommendation from authorization, explicit constraint evaluation, non-bypassability of the authorization boundary, and authorization-artifact-based auditability. The paper concludes with an implementation research agenda for translating these architectural principles into operational infrastructure. Provenance Note This paper was accepted for presentation at the 8th International Conference on Nuclear and Renewable Energy Resources (NURER 2026), Almaty, Kazakhstan, following peer review in March 2026. It is released here as an open deposit in the FERZ research corpus rather than through the conference proceedings. The peer-review acceptance is reflected in the provenance only; the canonical version of record is this Zenodo deposit. Position in the FERZ Research Corpus This paper applies the architectural arguments developed in earlier corpus entries to the critical infrastructure and energy vertical. The three-verdict enforcement model (ALLOW, DENY, ABSTAIN), the non-bypassability requirement, the authorization artifact concept, and the monitoring-versus-authorization distinction follow the canonical FERZ doctrine established in prior corpus entries on the impossibility of observability-based authorization, the distinction between observability and enforcement, the transition from monitoring to authorization, and execution-time authorization for AI systems. The audit-artifact properties described in Section 4.5 align with the open Four Tests Standard (4TS) for authorization artifacts.","author":[{"family":"Meyman","given":"Edward"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20292736","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20292736","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20292737","type":"article-journal","title":"Authorization Architectures for AI-Driven Critical Infrastructure: Runtime Authorization for AI-Assisted Decision Systems in Nuclear and Renewable Energy Environments","abstract":"Abstract Artificial intelligence is entering critical infrastructure and energy operations at an accelerating rate, assuming roles in forecasting, maintenance optimization, dispatch recommendations, and anomaly interpretation. Existing assurance approaches rely predominantly on monitoring, post hoc audit, and policy-level oversight. In high-consequence environments such as nuclear facilities and renewable energy grids, post hoc oversight is structurally insufficient: detection after the fact does not prevent unsafe action execution. Monitoring creates evidence of what occurred. Runtime authorization creates evidence of what was permitted before occurrence. This paper argues that the principal safety challenge for AI in critical infrastructure is not model accuracy alone, but action eligibility: the determination, at execution time, of whether a proposed action is permissible under the operative constraint regime. The paper proposes a conceptual reference architecture for runtime authorization in AI-driven critical infrastructure. The architecture introduces a non-bypassable authorization layer between AI-generated recommendations and operational actuation, evaluates candidate actions against safety, regulatory, operational, and role-based constraints, and emits a contemporaneous, tamper-evident authorization artifact for every verdict. Application contexts include nuclear facility decision support, renewable generation dispatch, predictive maintenance, and degraded-state emergency operations. Design principles include fail-closed enforcement, separation of recommendation from authorization, explicit constraint evaluation, non-bypassability of the authorization boundary, and authorization-artifact-based auditability. The paper concludes with an implementation research agenda for translating these architectural principles into operational infrastructure. Provenance Note This paper was accepted for presentation at the 8th International Conference on Nuclear and Renewable Energy Resources (NURER 2026), Almaty, Kazakhstan, following peer review in March 2026. It is released here as an open deposit in the FERZ research corpus rather than through the conference proceedings. The peer-review acceptance is reflected in the provenance only; the canonical version of record is this Zenodo deposit. Position in the FERZ Research Corpus This paper applies the architectural arguments developed in earlier corpus entries to the critical infrastructure and energy vertical. The three-verdict enforcement model (ALLOW, DENY, ABSTAIN), the non-bypassability requirement, the authorization artifact concept, and the monitoring-versus-authorization distinction follow the canonical FERZ doctrine established in prior corpus entries on the impossibility of observability-based authorization, the distinction between observability and enforcement, the transition from monitoring to authorization, and execution-time authorization for AI systems. The audit-artifact properties described in Section 4.5 align with the open Four Tests Standard (4TS) for authorization artifacts.","author":[{"family":"Meyman","given":"Edward"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20292737","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20292737","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.17632/9pv3j7kmth.1","type":"article-journal","title":"Linked and Harmonised Renewable Energy Licensing Dataset, Greece (1988–2026)","abstract":"This dataset provides a harmonised project- and licence-level compilation of renewable energy licensing records in Greece. It integrates historical administrative records, covering applications submitted between 2001 and 2009, with the national renewable energy licensing registry updated in July 2026, which includes licences issued between 1988 and 2026. The main analysis-ready table contains 5,096 records and 33 variables covering project identification, licensing status, technology, geographical location, capacity, dates and energy storage. The dataset also includes supplementary historical variables, a detailed data dictionary, technology and NUTS-2 geography crosswalks, maturity-code mappings and record-status definitions, supporting transparent, reproducible and spatial or longitudinal analysis of renewable energy development in Greece.","author":[{"family":"Makrivelios","given":"Vagelis"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.17632/9pv3j7kmth.1","URL":"https://doi.org/10.17632/9pv3j7kmth.1","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.17632/9pv3j7kmth","type":"article-journal","title":"Linked and Harmonised Renewable Energy Licensing Dataset, Greece (1988–2026)","abstract":"This dataset provides a harmonised project- and licence-level compilation of renewable energy licensing records in Greece. It integrates historical administrative records, covering applications submitted between 2001 and 2009, with the national renewable energy licensing registry updated in July 2026, which includes licences issued between 1988 and 2026. The main analysis-ready table contains 5,096 records and 33 variables covering project identification, licensing status, technology, geographical location, capacity, dates and energy storage. The dataset also includes supplementary historical variables, a detailed data dictionary, technology and NUTS-2 geography crosswalks, maturity-code mappings and record-status definitions, supporting transparent, reproducible and spatial or longitudinal analysis of renewable energy development in Greece.","author":[{"family":"Makrivelios","given":"Vagelis"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.17632/9pv3j7kmth","URL":"https://doi.org/10.17632/9pv3j7kmth","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20026987","type":"article-journal","title":"Bioeconomía y el Valor del Residuo","abstract":"This book presents a technical and conceptual analysis of residential bioeconomy systems, focusing on the transformation of organic and inorganic waste streams into valuable resources within domestic and urban environments. It reframes waste not as a residual byproduct, but as a strategic input within decentralized, circular metabolic systems. It examines the principles and processes underlying biocircular systems, including composting, anaerobic digestion, material separation, and resource recovery. The work evaluates how these processes can be integrated into housing and neighborhood scales to generate energy, recover nutrients, and enable the monetization of material flows as part of emerging circular economies. The book develops a systemic approach to “zero waste” residential design, addressing architectural integration, spatial requirements, and operational protocols under advanced engineering standards (LOD 400). It analyzes typologies of biocircular housing, including their technical configurations, performance parameters, and scalability across urban, peri-urban, and decentralized contexts. Particular attention is given to the economic dimension of bioeconomy systems, incorporating financial modeling, return-on-investment analysis, and valuation frameworks for waste-derived resources, including carbon credits and material recovery markets. The work also explores urban scaling strategies, such as hub-and-spoke models, enabling the transition from individual housing units to interconnected circular neighborhoods. By redefining the dwelling as a productive metabolic unit, this publication positions residential architecture as an active component in regenerative urban systems, where energy, materials, and biological processes are continuously cycled, measured, and optimized. This publication is part of the Renewable Horizons collection (2021–2026), a series dedicated to renewable energy systems, environmental integration strategies, and distributed infrastructures. Developed within PRMS Architecture Lab, this work contributes to the broader research agenda on performance-based architectural and territorial systems, where waste, energy, and material flows are understood as measurable and economically quantifiable metabolic processes within the built environment.","author":[{"family":"Hernandez García","given":"Oscar"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20026987","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20026987","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20026988","type":"article-journal","title":"Bioeconomía y el Valor del Residuo","abstract":"This book presents a technical and conceptual analysis of residential bioeconomy systems, focusing on the transformation of organic and inorganic waste streams into valuable resources within domestic and urban environments. It reframes waste not as a residual byproduct, but as a strategic input within decentralized, circular metabolic systems. It examines the principles and processes underlying biocircular systems, including composting, anaerobic digestion, material separation, and resource recovery. The work evaluates how these processes can be integrated into housing and neighborhood scales to generate energy, recover nutrients, and enable the monetization of material flows as part of emerging circular economies. The book develops a systemic approach to “zero waste” residential design, addressing architectural integration, spatial requirements, and operational protocols under advanced engineering standards (LOD 400). It analyzes typologies of biocircular housing, including their technical configurations, performance parameters, and scalability across urban, peri-urban, and decentralized contexts. Particular attention is given to the economic dimension of bioeconomy systems, incorporating financial modeling, return-on-investment analysis, and valuation frameworks for waste-derived resources, including carbon credits and material recovery markets. The work also explores urban scaling strategies, such as hub-and-spoke models, enabling the transition from individual housing units to interconnected circular neighborhoods. By redefining the dwelling as a productive metabolic unit, this publication positions residential architecture as an active component in regenerative urban systems, where energy, materials, and biological processes are continuously cycled, measured, and optimized. This publication is part of the Renewable Horizons collection (2021–2026), a series dedicated to renewable energy systems, environmental integration strategies, and distributed infrastructures. Developed within PRMS Architecture Lab, this work contributes to the broader research agenda on performance-based architectural and territorial systems, where waste, energy, and material flows are understood as measurable and economically quantifiable metabolic processes within the built environment.","author":[{"family":"Hernandez García","given":"Oscar"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20026988","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20026988","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19454359","type":"article-journal","title":"Claim Verification: \"Renewable energy (solar + wind) can replace fossil fuels without major grid upgrades or backups.\" — Disproved","abstract":"Automated fact-verification of the claim: \"Renewable energy (solar + wind) can replace fossil fuels without major grid upgrades or backups.\" Verdict: DISPROVED Key Findings Both sub-claims disproved. The IEA, IRENA, and EIA all explicitly state that grid upgrades and energy storage are essential for integrating high shares of solar and wind power. Grid investment must nearly double — from ~$300B/year to over $600B/year by 2030 — just to keep pace with renewable deployment (B1). Energy storage is not optional. 24 GW of battery storage is planned for 2026 in the U.S. alone (B6), and the IEA states flexibility needs will double by 2030 (B4). No country operates on solar+wind alone without grid interconnections, hydroelectric backup, or battery storage. Files proof.py — Re-runnable Python verification script proof.md — Structured proof report proof_audit.md — Full verification audit trail proof_narrative.md — Plain-language summary proof.json — Machine-readable structured data Generated by Proof Engine v1.2.0.","author":[{"family":"Engine","given":"Proof"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19454359","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19454359","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21284016","type":"article-journal","title":"Is cannabis a hyperaccumulator of metals such as Cadmium? - PathMap Experiment #000034","abstract":"Interactive Data Viewer: Read, View, and Print from Day 1 Use our fully interactive viewer to view, read, and print this research data right from Day 1: https://pathmap.org/viewer.php?id=34 Artificial General Intelligence LLC Claim Evaluated: Is cannabis a hyperaccumulator of metals such as Cadmium? This dataset contains the raw JSON execution trace, verified verbatim quotes, and MeSH-aligned logic gates generated by PathMap Studio's Veridical Enforcement engine. 🔍 Novel & Overlooked Insights Hemp roots sequester the majority of absorbed heavy metals (70–80% for Pb in specific varieties), which is a stabilization-oriented mechanism rather than hyperaccumulation. The use of biostimulants, such as humic/fulvic acids and mycorrhizal fungi, can modulate Cd uptake, yet their effects are highly context-specific and species-dependent. In some instances, hemp can safely produce biomass on contaminated soils, with inflorescences showing lower accumulation levels than other tissues, allowing for potential valorization. Hemp cultivars show wide intra-species variability in metal uptake efficiency and tolerance; some are better suited for biodiesel production on contaminated land than others. The translocation of heavy metals, such as Cd, can be influenced by molybdenum treatments or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, but this does not bridge the gap to hyperaccumulation status. Excessive zinc (Zn) fertilization can inhibit cannabinoid production and alter metal uptake kinetics, demonstrating a complex physiological interaction between nutrient supply and heavy metal sequestration. Some hemp-derived composite materials can be used for water decontamination, leveraging the plant's structural properties rather than just its living biomass. Hemp is generally considered a \"phytoattenuation\" or \"phytostabilization\" crop rather than an efficient extraction crop for total sediment metal pools. Hemp exhibits species-specific responses to metal stress, with certain varieties demonstrating significantly higher tolerance and biomass yield than others under identical contamination levels. The use of biostimulants, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and humic acids, can modulate the translocation factors of heavy metals, effectively altering the plant's remediation pathway. Despite being grown in metal-contaminated soils, the fiber and non-food biomass components of hemp often remain below commercial toxicity thresholds, supporting its role in a circular bioeconomy. Cadmium sequestration is often upregulated by the expression of heavy metal-associated (HMA) transporter genes, particularly in the root tissues, confirming preferential root storage. Industrial hemp has been shown to be effective in the removal of persistent organic pollutants, such as pyrene, in addition to heavy metals. The application of plasma-activated water can enhance growth parameters in hemp even when exposed to toxic concentrations of cadmium or lead. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that lead-tolerant varieties adapt by accelerating ATP metabolism and enhancing the elimination of reactive oxygen species. There is a significant gap in regulatory toxicology concerning the long-term safety of hemp products derived from contaminated lands, necessitating more rigorous testing. Hemp can be used as a dual-purpose crop for renewable energy production via bioethanol or biofuel while concurrently reducing soil metal availability. Biostimulants such as humic/fulvic acids (HFA) or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) influence metal uptake and plant stress responses. Illegal cannabis products consistently show higher concentrations of heavy metals compared to legal, regulated products. Specific genes, such as *CsGATA14*, are linked to stress tolerance during seed germination under abiotic stress. In situ synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles on hemp textiles can grant multifunctional properties, including high UV protection and antibacterial efficacy. The use of MICP (microbially induced calcium carbo","author":[{"family":"Dungan","given":"Joshua"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21284016","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21284016","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21284017","type":"article-journal","title":"Is cannabis a hyperaccumulator of metals such as Cadmium? - PathMap Experiment #000034","abstract":"Interactive Data Viewer: Read, View, and Print from Day 1 Use our fully interactive viewer to view, read, and print this research data right from Day 1: https://pathmap.org/viewer.php?id=34 Artificial General Intelligence LLC Claim Evaluated: Is cannabis a hyperaccumulator of metals such as Cadmium? This dataset contains the raw JSON execution trace, verified verbatim quotes, and MeSH-aligned logic gates generated by PathMap Studio's Veridical Enforcement engine. 🔍 Novel & Overlooked Insights Hemp roots sequester the majority of absorbed heavy metals (70–80% for Pb in specific varieties), which is a stabilization-oriented mechanism rather than hyperaccumulation. The use of biostimulants, such as humic/fulvic acids and mycorrhizal fungi, can modulate Cd uptake, yet their effects are highly context-specific and species-dependent. In some instances, hemp can safely produce biomass on contaminated soils, with inflorescences showing lower accumulation levels than other tissues, allowing for potential valorization. Hemp cultivars show wide intra-species variability in metal uptake efficiency and tolerance; some are better suited for biodiesel production on contaminated land than others. The translocation of heavy metals, such as Cd, can be influenced by molybdenum treatments or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, but this does not bridge the gap to hyperaccumulation status. Excessive zinc (Zn) fertilization can inhibit cannabinoid production and alter metal uptake kinetics, demonstrating a complex physiological interaction between nutrient supply and heavy metal sequestration. Some hemp-derived composite materials can be used for water decontamination, leveraging the plant's structural properties rather than just its living biomass. Hemp is generally considered a \"phytoattenuation\" or \"phytostabilization\" crop rather than an efficient extraction crop for total sediment metal pools. Hemp exhibits species-specific responses to metal stress, with certain varieties demonstrating significantly higher tolerance and biomass yield than others under identical contamination levels. The use of biostimulants, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and humic acids, can modulate the translocation factors of heavy metals, effectively altering the plant's remediation pathway. Despite being grown in metal-contaminated soils, the fiber and non-food biomass components of hemp often remain below commercial toxicity thresholds, supporting its role in a circular bioeconomy. Cadmium sequestration is often upregulated by the expression of heavy metal-associated (HMA) transporter genes, particularly in the root tissues, confirming preferential root storage. Industrial hemp has been shown to be effective in the removal of persistent organic pollutants, such as pyrene, in addition to heavy metals. The application of plasma-activated water can enhance growth parameters in hemp even when exposed to toxic concentrations of cadmium or lead. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that lead-tolerant varieties adapt by accelerating ATP metabolism and enhancing the elimination of reactive oxygen species. There is a significant gap in regulatory toxicology concerning the long-term safety of hemp products derived from contaminated lands, necessitating more rigorous testing. Hemp can be used as a dual-purpose crop for renewable energy production via bioethanol or biofuel while concurrently reducing soil metal availability. Biostimulants such as humic/fulvic acids (HFA) or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) influence metal uptake and plant stress responses. Illegal cannabis products consistently show higher concentrations of heavy metals compared to legal, regulated products. Specific genes, such as *CsGATA14*, are linked to stress tolerance during seed germination under abiotic stress. In situ synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles on hemp textiles can grant multifunctional properties, including high UV protection and antibacterial efficacy. The use of MICP (microbially induced calcium carbo","author":[{"family":"Dungan","given":"Joshua"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21284017","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21284017","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21366523","type":"article-journal","title":"Project POLARIS: The Arctic AI Infrastructure Initiative — A National Strategy for Energy-Secure, Water-Responsible, and Resilient Artificial Intelligence Infrastructure","abstract":"America's AI build-out is running into three walls: electricity, cooling, and water. Data centers already use about 4 percent of U.S. electricity and could use up to 12 percent by 2028, and most new campuses are being built in water-stressed regions where evaporative cooling consumes millions of cubic meters of freshwater a year. Project POLARIS proposes building the next generation of AI campuses on cold northern coastlines, designed as integrated energy systems: small modular reactors and hydropower supply carbon-free electricity; the ocean's deep, cold water absorbs waste heat through sealed closed-loop heat exchangers, consuming no freshwater; and before reaching the ocean, that heat warms homes, greenhouses, and fish farms. Every component operates commercially today - deep-water district cooling in Toronto since 2004, fjord-cooled data centers in Norway, Arctic renewable data centers in Iceland, small modular reactors under construction in North America. The paper develops the reference architecture and thermal-electrical balances for a 500 MW campus, proposes a U.S.-Denmark-Greenland flagship demonstration aligned with the three governments' active 2026 economic discussions, and a domestic companion track under the U.S. Department of Energy's AI-infrastructure-on-federal-lands program. The recommended first step is a joint feasibility study and twelve months of oceanographic data at candidate sites.","author":[{"family":"Sumrall","given":"Ernest"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21366523","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21366523","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21366524","type":"article-journal","title":"Project POLARIS: The Arctic AI Infrastructure Initiative — A National Strategy for Energy-Secure, Water-Responsible, and Resilient Artificial Intelligence Infrastructure","abstract":"America's AI build-out is running into three walls: electricity, cooling, and water. Data centers already use about 4 percent of U.S. electricity and could use up to 12 percent by 2028, and most new campuses are being built in water-stressed regions where evaporative cooling consumes millions of cubic meters of freshwater a year. Project POLARIS proposes building the next generation of AI campuses on cold northern coastlines, designed as integrated energy systems: small modular reactors and hydropower supply carbon-free electricity; the ocean's deep, cold water absorbs waste heat through sealed closed-loop heat exchangers, consuming no freshwater; and before reaching the ocean, that heat warms homes, greenhouses, and fish farms. Every component operates commercially today - deep-water district cooling in Toronto since 2004, fjord-cooled data centers in Norway, Arctic renewable data centers in Iceland, small modular reactors under construction in North America. The paper develops the reference architecture and thermal-electrical balances for a 500 MW campus, proposes a U.S.-Denmark-Greenland flagship demonstration aligned with the three governments' active 2026 economic discussions, and a domestic companion track under the U.S. Department of Energy's AI-infrastructure-on-federal-lands program. The recommended first step is a joint feasibility study and twelve months of oceanographic data at candidate sites.","author":[{"family":"Sumrall","given":"Ernest"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21366524","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21366524","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20604970","type":"article-journal","title":"ENERGY ACCESS AND ENERGY SUPPLY IN AFRICA: CHALLENGES, PROGRESS, AND SUSTAINABLE PATHWAYS","abstract":"Africa faces a significant energy paradox. It has some of the world's fastest-growing economies and abundant renewable resources, yet over 600 million people do not have electricity, and nearly 900 million depend on harmful solid fuels for cooking. This article looks at the current situation of energy access and supply across the continent. It identifies main obstacles, infrastructure issues, funding shortages, inconsistent policies, and governance challenges. It also reviews recent advancements in extending the grid, developing mini-grids, and implementing off-grid solar solutions. Using a mix of literature review and secondary data from the International Energy Agency (IEA), World Bank, and African Development Bank, the article includes tables comparing electrification rates, generation capacity, renewable potential, and investment flows. The findings indicate that while Sub-Saharan Africa has made slight progress (increasing from 33% electrification in 2010 to 48% in 2022), large gaps remain between urban (84%) and rural (29%) areas. Decentralized renewable solutions, especially solar home systems and mini-grids, now provide service to over 20 million households. The discussion emphasizes that dependence on fossil fuels continues in Southern and North Africa, whereas East and West Africa are at the forefront of off-grid advances. Recommendations include coordinated energy planning, regional power partnerships, risk-reducing financing options, and focused clean cooking initiatives. Without significant changes, Africa will fail to meet Sustainable Development Goal 7 (affordable and clean energy) by 2030.","author":[{"family":"Ifeachor","given":"Engr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20604970","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20604970","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20604971","type":"article-journal","title":"ENERGY ACCESS AND ENERGY SUPPLY IN AFRICA: CHALLENGES, PROGRESS, AND SUSTAINABLE PATHWAYS","abstract":"Africa faces a significant energy paradox. It has some of the world's fastest-growing economies and abundant renewable resources, yet over 600 million people do not have electricity, and nearly 900 million depend on harmful solid fuels for cooking. This article looks at the current situation of energy access and supply across the continent. It identifies main obstacles, infrastructure issues, funding shortages, inconsistent policies, and governance challenges. It also reviews recent advancements in extending the grid, developing mini-grids, and implementing off-grid solar solutions. Using a mix of literature review and secondary data from the International Energy Agency (IEA), World Bank, and African Development Bank, the article includes tables comparing electrification rates, generation capacity, renewable potential, and investment flows. The findings indicate that while Sub-Saharan Africa has made slight progress (increasing from 33% electrification in 2010 to 48% in 2022), large gaps remain between urban (84%) and rural (29%) areas. Decentralized renewable solutions, especially solar home systems and mini-grids, now provide service to over 20 million households. The discussion emphasizes that dependence on fossil fuels continues in Southern and North Africa, whereas East and West Africa are at the forefront of off-grid advances. Recommendations include coordinated energy planning, regional power partnerships, risk-reducing financing options, and focused clean cooking initiatives. Without significant changes, Africa will fail to meet Sustainable Development Goal 7 (affordable and clean energy) by 2030.","author":[{"family":"Ifeachor","given":"Engr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20604971","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20604971","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22049506","type":"article-journal","title":"Transit Energy Architecture and Its Limits: Opportunity-Cost Wind Power, Renewable Bunkering and the Operating Envelope of Piggyback Compute","abstract":"This record contains Appendix 2 of the Maritime Compute Infrastructure research series, examining the transit-energy architecture and operating limits of dual-purpose cargo-vessel compute platforms. The appendix addresses a specific problem exposed by the earlier comparative analysis: if a cargo vessel is travelling anyway, how should the incremental electricity required by onboard computation be supplied without destroying the economic or carbon case for piggyback compute? The analysis establishes a strict accounting boundary between the scheduled freight voyage and the additional energy burden created by compute. The vessel, route, crew, hull, logistics infrastructure and portions of the cooling system may be shared with the existing freight operation; the electricity consumed by computation remains incremental. Five transit-energy pathways are examined: onboard generation; battery buffering; renewable-node charging; wind-assisted propulsion combined with shaft-power allocation; mobile renewable-energy bunkering using battery-tender vessels. The appendix develops an opportunity-cost framework for wind-assisted power take-off, showing that wind-derived propulsion assistance can normally be used either to reduce fuel consumption or to support electrical generation, but should not be credited to both simultaneously. A separate spilled-wind envelope is identified for operating conditions in which otherwise unusable wind-derived propulsion assistance could support opportunistic compute with little or no forgone fuel saving. For battery and mobile-energy systems, the analysis distinguishes stored energy from delivered power. Battery capacity determines temporal flexibility and interval between charging events, but sustained computation requires average delivered electrical power at least equal to average compute demand after transfer, propulsion and system losses. The battery-tender model therefore includes transfer-power limits, tender propulsion energy, fleet-rotation requirements and rendezvous distance as explicit constraints. The appendix also introduces a duty-cycle and capital-utilisation gate. Energy-following compute may reduce electricity cost and carbon intensity by increasing, reducing or pausing workload according to clean-energy availability, but lower accelerator utilisation raises the capital cost allocated to each completed unit of computation. This creates a fundamental trade-off between inexpensive intermittent renewable energy and expensive but firm low-carbon energy. The resulting architecture is therefore narrower than a continuously operating floating data centre: The cargo remains scheduled; the compute becomes opportunistic. The central unresolved economic question is whether the infrastructure-sharing advantage of carrying compute aboard an existing freight vessel can overcome either the premium cost of firm low-carbon onboard electricity or the accelerator-utilisation penalty associated with intermittent energy-following operation. The appendix concludes that transit-energy viability should be assessed through cost per completed workload under explicitly stated hardware, utilisation, energy and operating assumptions, rather than through nominal compute capacity or headline battery-storage figures alone. This work is conceptual and analytical in nature. It does not constitute engineering certification, investment advice, environmental approval, or operational deployment guidance. Proposed energy-transfer systems, vessel modifications and operating architectures would require independent engineering, regulatory, classification, safety and economic assessment before real-world implementation. Series context This appendix supplements the wider Maritime Compute Infrastructure research programme covering the policy, environmental, engineering, governance and comparative-system questions associated with dual-purpose maritime compute. Note The work was developed through human-directed AI-assisted synthesis and s","author":[{"family":"Ryder","given":"John"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22049506","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22049506","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21495986","type":"article-journal","title":"Beyond Extraction: An Architectural Blueprint for Sovereign Digital Infrastructure in Sub-Saharan Africa","abstract":"Summary Beyond Extraction: An Architectural Blueprint for Sovereign Digital Infrastructure in Sub-Saharan Africa is a technical commentary and policy brief prepared by the Hitherto Center for the Advancement of Technological Trust (H-CATT, SCIO) in response to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) 2026 Departmental Paper, Unlocking the Potential: AI in Sub-Saharan Africa. While the IMF paper outlines a stark contrast between a 0.2% \"current-conditions\" productivity baseline and a 2.1% \"high-adoption\" scenario reliant on foreign venture capital, public-private partnerships (PPPs), and corporate \"anchor tenants,\" this paper rejects the premise that Sub-Saharan Africa must choose between economic stagnation and surrendering sovereign infrastructure to multinational technology cartels. Moving away from soft governance (\"finger-wagging\") and administrative policy promises, H-CATT provides an operational blueprint grounded in **Architectural Enforcement**: embedding sovereignty, privacy, and clinical/domain integrity directly into the code and hardware defaults of Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI). Key Themes & Architectural Remediations Grassroots Intelligence over Western Desktop Models: Critique of standard task-based macroeconomic models (e.g., Acemoglu framework) that treat informal and rural sectors as zero-impact zones. Proposes Partitioned / Moded Intelligence (*Arête Techne*) delivered over low-bandwidth voice, USSD, and SMS channels to serve as a \"state capacity filler\" in health, education, and agronomy.Resisting Energy Extractivism: Rebuttal to the IMF’s \"corporate anchor tenant\" model that diverts sovereign renewable energy (geothermal, hydro, solar) to power foreign cloud servers while local communities remain unconnected. Proposes **decentralized, solar-powered Nexus Mesh networks** operating asynchronously offline.Debt-Free Infrastructure via Sovereign Data Trusts: An alternative to multilateral debt, foreign aid, and vendor-financed PPPs. Demonstrates how nations can monetize their scarce, renewable language and cultural speech corpora through sovereign **Educational Data Trusts**, creating a closed-loop, self-replenishing financial engine.The Six Gateways of Defensive Procurement: Introduces six non-negotiable architectural gates for public-sector technology procurement, including Stateless-by-Design protocols (the Bauta Valve) for zero PII persistence, an absolute prohibition of biometrics on minors, complete white-labeling/agnosticism, open/auditable code, local processing, and mandatory pre-deployment training.Sovereign Governance & Subsidiarity: Advocates for Technical Literacy Minimums (TLM) for regulators, Neutral Party Liaisons, Multi-Objective Decision Analysis (MODA), and federated horizontal reciprocity across neighboring Global South regions. Institutional Statement & Open Access Commitment This paper is published by H-CATT (SCIO), the uncompromised non-profit arm of Hitherto AI. Reference implementations and technical architectures mentioned throughout this document are cited strictly as proof-of-concept that \"building better is possible,\" not as commercial suggestions. All frameworks, specifications, and reference models contained within this publication are placed in the public domain. H-CATT offers non-remunerated technical consultation to sovereign governments, public institutions, and multilateral bodies seeking to build digital infrastructure rooted in self-determination, trust, and zero extraction. Keywords: AI Governance, Digital Public Infrastructure, Digital Sovereignty, Global South, Sub-Saharan Africa, IMF Critique, Architectural Enforcement, Data Trusts, Stateless-by-Design, Nexus Mesh, Anti-Extractivism, H-CATT.","author":[{"family":"Vabolis","given":"Robin"},{"family":"Vabolis","given":"RV"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21495986","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21495986","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21495987","type":"article-journal","title":"Beyond Extraction: An Architectural Blueprint for Sovereign Digital Infrastructure in Sub-Saharan Africa","abstract":"Summary Beyond Extraction: An Architectural Blueprint for Sovereign Digital Infrastructure in Sub-Saharan Africa is a technical commentary and policy brief prepared by the Hitherto Center for the Advancement of Technological Trust (H-CATT, SCIO) in response to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) 2026 Departmental Paper, Unlocking the Potential: AI in Sub-Saharan Africa. While the IMF paper outlines a stark contrast between a 0.2% \"current-conditions\" productivity baseline and a 2.1% \"high-adoption\" scenario reliant on foreign venture capital, public-private partnerships (PPPs), and corporate \"anchor tenants,\" this paper rejects the premise that Sub-Saharan Africa must choose between economic stagnation and surrendering sovereign infrastructure to multinational technology cartels. Moving away from soft governance (\"finger-wagging\") and administrative policy promises, H-CATT provides an operational blueprint grounded in **Architectural Enforcement**: embedding sovereignty, privacy, and clinical/domain integrity directly into the code and hardware defaults of Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI). Key Themes & Architectural Remediations Grassroots Intelligence over Western Desktop Models: Critique of standard task-based macroeconomic models (e.g., Acemoglu framework) that treat informal and rural sectors as zero-impact zones. Proposes Partitioned / Moded Intelligence (*Arête Techne*) delivered over low-bandwidth voice, USSD, and SMS channels to serve as a \"state capacity filler\" in health, education, and agronomy.Resisting Energy Extractivism: Rebuttal to the IMF’s \"corporate anchor tenant\" model that diverts sovereign renewable energy (geothermal, hydro, solar) to power foreign cloud servers while local communities remain unconnected. Proposes **decentralized, solar-powered Nexus Mesh networks** operating asynchronously offline.Debt-Free Infrastructure via Sovereign Data Trusts: An alternative to multilateral debt, foreign aid, and vendor-financed PPPs. Demonstrates how nations can monetize their scarce, renewable language and cultural speech corpora through sovereign **Educational Data Trusts**, creating a closed-loop, self-replenishing financial engine.The Six Gateways of Defensive Procurement: Introduces six non-negotiable architectural gates for public-sector technology procurement, including Stateless-by-Design protocols (the Bauta Valve) for zero PII persistence, an absolute prohibition of biometrics on minors, complete white-labeling/agnosticism, open/auditable code, local processing, and mandatory pre-deployment training.Sovereign Governance & Subsidiarity: Advocates for Technical Literacy Minimums (TLM) for regulators, Neutral Party Liaisons, Multi-Objective Decision Analysis (MODA), and federated horizontal reciprocity across neighboring Global South regions. Institutional Statement & Open Access Commitment This paper is published by H-CATT (SCIO), the uncompromised non-profit arm of Hitherto AI. Reference implementations and technical architectures mentioned throughout this document are cited strictly as proof-of-concept that \"building better is possible,\" not as commercial suggestions. All frameworks, specifications, and reference models contained within this publication are placed in the public domain. H-CATT offers non-remunerated technical consultation to sovereign governments, public institutions, and multilateral bodies seeking to build digital infrastructure rooted in self-determination, trust, and zero extraction. Keywords: AI Governance, Digital Public Infrastructure, Digital Sovereignty, Global South, Sub-Saharan Africa, IMF Critique, Architectural Enforcement, Data Trusts, Stateless-by-Design, Nexus Mesh, Anti-Extractivism, H-CATT.","author":[{"family":"Vabolis","given":"Robin"},{"family":"Vabolis","given":"RV"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21495987","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21495987","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20456541","type":"article-journal","title":"Procédures d'interconnexion photovoltaïque : analyse comparative États-Unis (IREC 2023) – France (Enedis/RTE). Six mécanismes manquants, notation Freeing the Grid 2026 et impact économique du déblocage des 10 GW.","abstract":"Cette note technique présente une analyse comparative structurée des procédures d'instruction des demandes de raccordement au réseau de distribution pour les installations photovoltaïques entre les États-Unis (États ayant adopté les procédures modèles de l'Interstate Renewable Energy Council, édition 2023) et la France (régime Enedis/RTE). Le document identifie et documente six mécanismes procéduraux présents dans les États américains bien notés au référentiel Freeing the Grid 2026 (IREC / Vote Solar, mai 2026) et absents du droit français : screening automatique, délais opposables avec deemed approval, purge automatique de la file d'attente, publication mensuelle nominative de la file, plafonnement des surcoûts PTF, voie de recours dédiée raccordement. Pour chaque mécanisme, sont indiqués le texte de référence américain, l'instrument juridique requis pour une transposition en droit français, et le niveau décisionnel (décision CRE, décret ou loi). Le document inclut : tableau comparatif des délais, tableau des procédures d'autorisation, tableau de gestion de la file d'attente, grille de notation Freeing the Grid 2026 pour une sélection d'États américains avec positionnement de la France, tableau des six mesures de réforme, et évaluation de l'impact économique du déblocage des 10 GW de projets PV autorisés et bloqués en file d'attente en France (production, valeur électrique, emplois, flux publics). Ce document a été élaboré comme note d'appui à la contribution formelle déposée par l'auteur le 26 juin 2026 dans le cadre de la consultation publique CRE n°2026-09 relative à l'évolution de l'arrêté du 28 août 2007.","author":[{"family":"Viaux","given":"Gerard"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20456541","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20456541","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20456542","type":"article-journal","title":"Procédures d'interconnexion photovoltaïque : analyse comparative États-Unis (IREC 2023) – France (Enedis/RTE). Six mécanismes manquants, notation Freeing the Grid 2026 et impact économique du déblocage des 10 GW.","abstract":"Cette note technique présente une analyse comparative structurée des procédures d'instruction des demandes de raccordement au réseau de distribution pour les installations photovoltaïques entre les États-Unis (États ayant adopté les procédures modèles de l'Interstate Renewable Energy Council, édition 2023) et la France (régime Enedis/RTE). Le document identifie et documente six mécanismes procéduraux présents dans les États américains bien notés au référentiel Freeing the Grid 2026 (IREC / Vote Solar, mai 2026) et absents du droit français : screening automatique, délais opposables avec deemed approval, purge automatique de la file d'attente, publication mensuelle nominative de la file, plafonnement des surcoûts PTF, voie de recours dédiée raccordement. Pour chaque mécanisme, sont indiqués le texte de référence américain, l'instrument juridique requis pour une transposition en droit français, et le niveau décisionnel (décision CRE, décret ou loi). Le document inclut : tableau comparatif des délais, tableau des procédures d'autorisation, tableau de gestion de la file d'attente, grille de notation Freeing the Grid 2026 pour une sélection d'États américains avec positionnement de la France, tableau des six mesures de réforme, et évaluation de l'impact économique du déblocage des 10 GW de projets PV autorisés et bloqués en file d'attente en France (production, valeur électrique, emplois, flux publics). Ce document a été élaboré comme note d'appui à la contribution formelle déposée par l'auteur le 26 juin 2026 dans le cadre de la consultation publique CRE n°2026-09 relative à l'évolution de l'arrêté du 28 août 2007.","author":[{"family":"Viaux","given":"Gerard"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20456542","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20456542","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20277335","type":"article-journal","title":"SolRatio: Modello di irradianza al suolo e stima delle rese colturali per impianti agrivoltaici a tracker monoassiale","abstract":"CORRECTION (applied 2026-06-14): from v4.1.0 through v4.2.2 the Radiance scene was counter-rotated with respect to the sun in every tracking hour; the tracking-mode ground-light results (K_agv) in this record are overestimated (bundled Sample gate: 84.1% here versus the corrected 57.5%). Fixed-tilt configurations are much less affected. Please use the corrected Reference Edition v4.3.0 — software DOI 10.5281/zenodo.20683303, technical note DOI 10.5281/zenodo.20683917 — and see the repository CHANGELOG. SolRatio è uno strumento integrato di simulazione dell'irradianza solare al suolo e di stima delle rese colturali in impianti agrivoltaici con tracker monoassiale. Il modello combina ray-tracing 3D (Radiance + bifacial_radiance) per il calcolo dei profili spaziali e temporali di PAR e DLI, con le curve dose-risposta di Laub et al. (2022) per stimare il coefficiente agrivoltaico K_agv per nove categorie colturali. Supporta la verifica dei requisiti agronomici previsti dalle Linee Guida MiTE (D.M. 436/2023) e la valutazione della compatibilità tra produzione energetica e produzione agricola. Validazione: confronto vs bifacial_radiance ufficiale (NREL) su due giornate rappresentative (località esempio Pianura Padana, lat 45.30°N lon 9.34°E, 21 marzo e 21 giugno): MBE 0.998. Caratteristiche principali: simulazione oraria 8760 h/anno, geometria configurabile (pitch, larghezza modulo, altezza minima, slope terreno), backtracking + tilt fisso, trasmittanza pannello via materiale Radiance trans, effetto bordo da BR, curve di resa colturale Laub et al. 2022 (9 categorie colturali), output Excel multi-foglio + report PDF, interfaccia Excel/VBA per uso senza scrivere codice.","author":[{"family":"Pesavento","given":"Stefano"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20277335","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20277335","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22051635","type":"article-journal","title":"An Alternative Architectural Framework for Molecular Energy Logistics and Net-Decoupled 24/7 Compute Infrastructure","abstract":"This White Book examines a growing structural mismatch in modern energy systems: renewable generation capacity is expanding rapidly, while grids, storage infrastructure, dispatch mechanisms and new electricity demand are developing at different speeds. As a result, increasing amounts of potentially usable renewable electricity face curtailment, congestion, negative prices or other system constraints, while data centers, industry and power generators simultaneously seek additional firm and dispatchable energy supply. The paper argues that this problem cannot be addressed by adding generation capacity or short-duration battery storage alone. Electricity that cannot be absorbed when and where it is generated requires an additional pathway beyond the electrical grid. NRG4NOW proposes such a pathway as an open, modular energy-logistics architecture. Instead of treating generation, storage, transport and consumption as isolated infrastructure projects, the architecture connects existing technologies through standardized interfaces and operating principles. Surplus renewable electricity can be captured when available, converted or used to prepare molecular energy carriers, stored at high energy density, transported independently of transmission bottlenecks, and delivered to locations where energy is required. The White Book examines this concept against developments in renewable-energy curtailment, grid congestion, battery storage, hyperscale data-center demand, gas infrastructure, hydrogen, maritime energy transport and modular energy systems. International examples from Europe, China and the United States illustrate the increasing divergence between installed renewable capacity and the infrastructure available to absorb, move and use its output. The central proposition is not a new battery, a new power plant or a replacement for the electricity grid. It is a standardized architecture intended to connect technologies that already exist but currently operate as largely separate systems. NRG4NOW therefore approaches the energy transition as a logistics and systems-integration problem: energy must not only be generated; it must be captured at the right moment, stored, moved and made available at the right place and time. The architecture described in this White Book is associated with a patent application filed in Germany in June 2026 for a standardized energy-logistics architecture for molecular energy carriers with interchangeable storage, transport, conversion, grid and hub modules. Project website: www.nrg4now.com","author":[{"family":"Dzikowski","given":"Ryszard"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22051635","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22051635","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22051636","type":"article-journal","title":"An Alternative Architectural Framework for Molecular Energy Logistics and Net-Decoupled 24/7 Compute Infrastructure","abstract":"This White Book examines a growing structural mismatch in modern energy systems: renewable generation capacity is expanding rapidly, while grids, storage infrastructure, dispatch mechanisms and new electricity demand are developing at different speeds. As a result, increasing amounts of potentially usable renewable electricity face curtailment, congestion, negative prices or other system constraints, while data centers, industry and power generators simultaneously seek additional firm and dispatchable energy supply. The paper argues that this problem cannot be addressed by adding generation capacity or short-duration battery storage alone. Electricity that cannot be absorbed when and where it is generated requires an additional pathway beyond the electrical grid. NRG4NOW proposes such a pathway as an open, modular energy-logistics architecture. Instead of treating generation, storage, transport and consumption as isolated infrastructure projects, the architecture connects existing technologies through standardized interfaces and operating principles. Surplus renewable electricity can be captured when available, converted or used to prepare molecular energy carriers, stored at high energy density, transported independently of transmission bottlenecks, and delivered to locations where energy is required. The White Book examines this concept against developments in renewable-energy curtailment, grid congestion, battery storage, hyperscale data-center demand, gas infrastructure, hydrogen, maritime energy transport and modular energy systems. International examples from Europe, China and the United States illustrate the increasing divergence between installed renewable capacity and the infrastructure available to absorb, move and use its output. The central proposition is not a new battery, a new power plant or a replacement for the electricity grid. It is a standardized architecture intended to connect technologies that already exist but currently operate as largely separate systems. NRG4NOW therefore approaches the energy transition as a logistics and systems-integration problem: energy must not only be generated; it must be captured at the right moment, stored, moved and made available at the right place and time. The architecture described in this White Book is associated with a patent application filed in Germany in June 2026 for a standardized energy-logistics architecture for molecular energy carriers with interchangeable storage, transport, conversion, grid and hub modules. Project website: www.nrg4now.com","author":[{"family":"Dzikowski","given":"Ryszard"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22051636","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22051636","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21992299","type":"article-journal","title":"Market Cycles No. 12 – South Pacific. Long-Term Structural Reading","abstract":"This monograph analyses the South Pacific as a distributed macro-regional oceanic system within long technological waves and civilisational cycles. The study situates the region in the 2026–2040 transition period through structural, geoeconomic and infrastructural analysis rather than short-term market forecasting. It interprets the South Pacific not simply as a collection of remote islands and resource zones, but as an oceanic system linking Australia, New Zealand, Melanesia, Polynesia and the wider Pacific through energy, minerals, maritime routes, communications and strategic infrastructure. The research framework integrates: • long technological wave theory (Kondratiev-type dynamics) • demographic concentration, settlement patterns and island urban systems • energy security, renewable resources and distributed infrastructure • mining, strategic minerals and resource-processing systems • maritime logistics, ports, aviation and oceanic supply chains • subsea cables, satellite connectivity and digital resilience • geopolitical positioning between Asia, the Americas and the wider Indo-Pacific The South Pacific is examined as a resource-and-resilience system built across geographic dispersion. Its long-term importance depends less on demographic scale than on its capacity to organize maritime space, strategic resources, energy systems, communications and logistics across immense distances. The analysis emphasises Australia and New Zealand as major productive and logistical anchors, Melanesian resource systems, Pacific island gateways, maritime corridors and the growing importance of remote operations and automation. Particular attention is given to critical minerals, renewable energy, subsea infrastructure, food and water security, port systems and the resilience of dispersed supply networks. Rather than presenting the South Pacific primarily as a peripheral maritime region, this volume identifies the functional architecture that may increase its strategic relevance: distributed production, resource security, oceanic connectivity, digital infrastructure and the ability to maintain continuity across highly dispersed territories. This publication forms part of the broader Market Cycles Research Program, which studies long-term economic transformations across major world regions (South China, Oceanic India, US Sunbelt, North Africa, Southeast Asia, Adriatic–Danube Europe, Arctic Governance, North Pacific Arc, North China Plain, African Interior). Further information: https://legendsandcycles.com/ Keywords: Long Technological Waves; Kondratiev Cycles; Macro-Regional Economic Systems; Economic Geography; South Pacific; Australia; New Zealand; Melanesia; Polynesia; Pacific Islands; Maritime Systems; Strategic Minerals; Renewable Energy; Oceanic Logistics; Subsea Cables; Distributed Infrastructure; Geoeconomics; Systemic Resilience; Strategic Foresight.","author":[{"family":"Belot","given":"Jean"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21992299","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21992299","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21992300","type":"article-journal","title":"Market Cycles No. 12 – South Pacific. Long-Term Structural Reading","abstract":"This monograph analyses the South Pacific as a distributed macro-regional oceanic system within long technological waves and civilisational cycles. The study situates the region in the 2026–2040 transition period through structural, geoeconomic and infrastructural analysis rather than short-term market forecasting. It interprets the South Pacific not simply as a collection of remote islands and resource zones, but as an oceanic system linking Australia, New Zealand, Melanesia, Polynesia and the wider Pacific through energy, minerals, maritime routes, communications and strategic infrastructure. The research framework integrates: • long technological wave theory (Kondratiev-type dynamics) • demographic concentration, settlement patterns and island urban systems • energy security, renewable resources and distributed infrastructure • mining, strategic minerals and resource-processing systems • maritime logistics, ports, aviation and oceanic supply chains • subsea cables, satellite connectivity and digital resilience • geopolitical positioning between Asia, the Americas and the wider Indo-Pacific The South Pacific is examined as a resource-and-resilience system built across geographic dispersion. Its long-term importance depends less on demographic scale than on its capacity to organize maritime space, strategic resources, energy systems, communications and logistics across immense distances. The analysis emphasises Australia and New Zealand as major productive and logistical anchors, Melanesian resource systems, Pacific island gateways, maritime corridors and the growing importance of remote operations and automation. Particular attention is given to critical minerals, renewable energy, subsea infrastructure, food and water security, port systems and the resilience of dispersed supply networks. Rather than presenting the South Pacific primarily as a peripheral maritime region, this volume identifies the functional architecture that may increase its strategic relevance: distributed production, resource security, oceanic connectivity, digital infrastructure and the ability to maintain continuity across highly dispersed territories. This publication forms part of the broader Market Cycles Research Program, which studies long-term economic transformations across major world regions (South China, Oceanic India, US Sunbelt, North Africa, Southeast Asia, Adriatic–Danube Europe, Arctic Governance, North Pacific Arc, North China Plain, African Interior). Further information: https://legendsandcycles.com/ Keywords: Long Technological Waves; Kondratiev Cycles; Macro-Regional Economic Systems; Economic Geography; South Pacific; Australia; New Zealand; Melanesia; Polynesia; Pacific Islands; Maritime Systems; Strategic Minerals; Renewable Energy; Oceanic Logistics; Subsea Cables; Distributed Infrastructure; Geoeconomics; Systemic Resilience; Strategic Foresight.","author":[{"family":"Belot","given":"Jean"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21992300","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21992300","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20111858","type":"article-journal","title":"Governing the Integration, Not the Technology: A Seven-Pillar Governance Architecture for Responsible Agrivoltaics in Africa","abstract":"Agrivoltaic systems are now technically validated across multiple continents, yet deployment in African economies remains concentrated in pilots that do not progress to nationally governable, financeable platforms. Version 1.0 of the Hafez Framework, published in May 2026, argued that this constraint is architectural rather than technological, and set out an initial set of governance principles addressing auditability, blended finance readiness, food-energy-water integration, institutional compatibility and embedded environmental, social and governance considerations. This paper advances that argument from positioning to structure. The paper does three things. First, it establishes the regulatory gap through a comparative reading of the instruments that currently define agrivoltaics in law and technical standards, principally in Germany, France, Italy and selected United States jurisdictions, and shows that these instruments share a design assumption that does not hold in most African contexts: that agricultural land is held under documented individual freehold or lease title, and that a single agricultural ministry can verify agronomic performance. Second, it restructures the Hafez Framework into seven governance pillars supported by two cross-cutting principles, with each pillar anchored to an identifiable international instrument rather than to assertion. Third, it converts the framework into two usable governance instruments: an Agrivoltaics Qualification Gate that distinguishes responsible agrivoltaics from solar development sited on farmland, and a five-level Governance Maturity Model intended as a basis for investment screening, policy incentives and future certification. The central claim is that the qualifying question for African agrivoltaics is not how much renewable capacity can be installed on agricultural land, but whether the combined food, water, energy and land outcomes of a given hectare can be governed, verified and financed as a single system. The framework is presented as a governance architecture and investment-readiness instrument, not as a technical design standard, and its principal limitation is stated plainly: it has been constructed through comparative document analysis and has not yet been validated against operating project data. This is Version 2.0. Section 4 of the paper publishes a full crosswalk showing where every principle named in Version 1.0 (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20111859) sits in this version. No principle published in Version 1.0 has been withdrawn.","author":[{"family":"Hafez","given":"Zeinab"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20111858","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20111858","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20026809","type":"article-journal","title":"Biodigestores para la Vivienda","abstract":"This book presents a technical and conceptual analysis of domestic-scale biodigesters, focusing on their design, implementation, and integration as decentralized systems for energy production and organic waste management within residential environments. It examines the biological and physicochemical processes of anaerobic digestion at the household level, including substrate decomposition, biogas generation, and nutrient recovery. The work evaluates how these processes can be effectively adapted to residential contexts, transforming everyday organic waste into usable energy and agricultural inputs as part of circular resource systems. The book analyzes typologies of domestic biodigesters—such as fixed-dome, tubular, prefabricated, and modular systems—along with their operational parameters, installation requirements, and maintenance protocols. Special attention is given to performance optimization under varying climatic conditions, user behavior, and spatial constraints typical of urban, peri-urban, and rural housing. It further addresses the integration of biodigesters into residential infrastructure, considering gas handling, safety, ventilation, hydraulic connections, and hybrid energy systems. In addition, the work explores social and environmental dimensions, including user adoption, environmental education, and the role of household-scale systems in advancing decentralized sustainability. By framing the biodigester as both a sanitation device and an energy infrastructure, this publication redefines its role within the built environment, positioning it as a key component in the transition toward distributed, low-carbon residential systems. This publication is part of the Renewable Horizons collection (2021–2026), a series dedicated to renewable energy systems, environmental integration strategies, and distributed infrastructures. Developed within PRMS Architecture Lab, this work contributes to the broader research agenda on performance-based architectural systems, where energy production, waste transformation, and domestic resource cycles are understood as measurable metabolic processes within the built environment.","author":[{"family":"Hernandez García","given":"Oscar"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20026809","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20026809","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20026810","type":"article-journal","title":"Biodigestores para la Vivienda","abstract":"This book presents a technical and conceptual analysis of domestic-scale biodigesters, focusing on their design, implementation, and integration as decentralized systems for energy production and organic waste management within residential environments. It examines the biological and physicochemical processes of anaerobic digestion at the household level, including substrate decomposition, biogas generation, and nutrient recovery. The work evaluates how these processes can be effectively adapted to residential contexts, transforming everyday organic waste into usable energy and agricultural inputs as part of circular resource systems. The book analyzes typologies of domestic biodigesters—such as fixed-dome, tubular, prefabricated, and modular systems—along with their operational parameters, installation requirements, and maintenance protocols. Special attention is given to performance optimization under varying climatic conditions, user behavior, and spatial constraints typical of urban, peri-urban, and rural housing. It further addresses the integration of biodigesters into residential infrastructure, considering gas handling, safety, ventilation, hydraulic connections, and hybrid energy systems. In addition, the work explores social and environmental dimensions, including user adoption, environmental education, and the role of household-scale systems in advancing decentralized sustainability. By framing the biodigester as both a sanitation device and an energy infrastructure, this publication redefines its role within the built environment, positioning it as a key component in the transition toward distributed, low-carbon residential systems. This publication is part of the Renewable Horizons collection (2021–2026), a series dedicated to renewable energy systems, environmental integration strategies, and distributed infrastructures. Developed within PRMS Architecture Lab, this work contributes to the broader research agenda on performance-based architectural systems, where energy production, waste transformation, and domestic resource cycles are understood as measurable metabolic processes within the built environment.","author":[{"family":"Hernandez García","given":"Oscar"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20026810","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20026810","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.18312438","type":"article-journal","title":"Land use maps of scenarios for South Westphalia (SWF) for Deliverable D3.5","abstract":"This work is part of the KNOWING project Deliverable 3.5 available here: https://knowing-climate.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/KNOWING_D3.5_SouthWestphalia_final_PU-1.pdf The different files represents the 2050 final land use map for the region of South Westphalia as part fo the KNOWING project. A baseline scenario (BaselineScenario_2050.asc) where no change in forest conversion is observed and only the demand for increase housign is happening. A fast afforestation scenario (Afforestation_fast_2050.asc): To test the impact of afforestation in isolation means there are no conversions allowed in the existing forest areas, and that calamity areas are assumed to regrow as their original spruce. For natural carbon sequestration involving forests there is a significant build-up phase as the juvenile trees grow where their ability to sequester carbon is minimal. Consequently, to reach additional sequestration by a target date requires early implementation to allow time for the slow build-up. This was illustrated here by a fast implementation scenario where all the additional forest was converted by 2030 as well as a gradual implementation scenario with a consistent yearly increment until 2050. Implementarion of windturbines: A key part of the climate mitigation strategy in SWF and Germany as a whole is the construction of wind power. When constructed in forest areas, the positives for emission reduction by replacing fossil fuels are balanced by the associated direct and indirect carbon losses from construction and over the lifetime of the turbine. To this end, the total number and speed of wind turbine implementation in the forest were experimented with to evaluate which implementation strategy would provide the most renewable energy to reach net zero targets by 2035 while maintaining mitigatable carbon losses. We tested several implementation 300 windturbines (Windturbines_300_2050.asc) 500 windturbines graduall established (Windturbines_500_2050_Gradual.asc) or all established at the start of the simulation (Windturbines_500_2050_Fast.asc) 810 windturbines (Windturbines_810_2050.asc) Mixed forest scenario (PermanentForestry_2050.asc): All calamity areas in Southwestphalia are converted to climate adapted mixed forest. A scenario that combine the development of 300 wind turbines with mixed forest (Combination_Windturbines_MixedForest_2050.asc) Afforestation and 300 wind turbines Baseline information for the scenarios is produced through the following files: - tree_species_age_ls.asc : provide an estimate of the age of trees in the different land systems - forest_age_classification.asc: provide a categorization of the age of trees in the different land systems - classified_tree_species.asc: provide a classification of the tree species The file LandSystem_codes.xlsx provides the correspondance between the numerical values in the raster with the different land systems.","author":[{"family":"Blacow","given":"Callum"},{"family":"Chopin","given":"Pierre"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.18312438","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18312438","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.18312439","type":"article-journal","title":"Land use maps of scenarios for South Westphalia (SWF) for Deliverable D3.5","abstract":"This work is part of the KNOWING project Deliverable 3.5 available here: https://knowing-climate.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/KNOWING_D3.5_SouthWestphalia_final_PU-1.pdf The different files represents the 2050 final land use map for the region of South Westphalia as part fo the KNOWING project. A baseline scenario (BaselineScenario_2050.asc) where no change in forest conversion is observed and only the demand for increase housign is happening. A fast afforestation scenario (Afforestation_fast_2050.asc): To test the impact of afforestation in isolation means there are no conversions allowed in the existing forest areas, and that calamity areas are assumed to regrow as their original spruce. For natural carbon sequestration involving forests there is a significant build-up phase as the juvenile trees grow where their ability to sequester carbon is minimal. Consequently, to reach additional sequestration by a target date requires early implementation to allow time for the slow build-up. This was illustrated here by a fast implementation scenario where all the additional forest was converted by 2030 as well as a gradual implementation scenario with a consistent yearly increment until 2050. Implementarion of windturbines: A key part of the climate mitigation strategy in SWF and Germany as a whole is the construction of wind power. When constructed in forest areas, the positives for emission reduction by replacing fossil fuels are balanced by the associated direct and indirect carbon losses from construction and over the lifetime of the turbine. To this end, the total number and speed of wind turbine implementation in the forest were experimented with to evaluate which implementation strategy would provide the most renewable energy to reach net zero targets by 2035 while maintaining mitigatable carbon losses. We tested several implementation 300 windturbines (Windturbines_300_2050.asc) 500 windturbines graduall established (Windturbines_500_2050_Gradual.asc) or all established at the start of the simulation (Windturbines_500_2050_Fast.asc) 810 windturbines (Windturbines_810_2050.asc) Mixed forest scenario (PermanentForestry_2050.asc): All calamity areas in Southwestphalia are converted to climate adapted mixed forest. A scenario that combine the development of 300 wind turbines with mixed forest (Combination_Windturbines_MixedForest_2050.asc) Afforestation and 300 wind turbines Baseline information for the scenarios is produced through the following files: - tree_species_age_ls.asc : provide an estimate of the age of trees in the different land systems - forest_age_classification.asc: provide a categorization of the age of trees in the different land systems - classified_tree_species.asc: provide a classification of the tree species The file LandSystem_codes.xlsx provides the correspondance between the numerical values in the raster with the different land systems.","author":[{"family":"Blacow","given":"Callum"},{"family":"Chopin","given":"Pierre"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.18312439","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18312439","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21981728","type":"article-journal","title":"RecChain: a blockchain platform for renewable energy certificate management with oracle-gated issuance and calibrated anomaly screening","abstract":"Software artefact accompanying the manuscript \"RecChain: a blockchain platform for renewable energy certificate management with oracle-gated issuance and calibrated anomaly screening\", submitted to Springer Electrical Engineering. RecChain issues renewable energy certificates as ERC-1155 semi-fungible tokens, gated by a decentralised oracle network that screens metered generation readings before any certificate is minted. This archive is the exact version described in the manuscript (git tag v1.0.0-ee-submission). Two issuance paths. The archive contains two oracle-mediated issuance implementations, and the distinction matters when reproducing the results. The legacy path (functions/source.js, contracts/RecDapp.sol) is the Chainlink Functions implementation; every empirical result reported in the manuscript characterises this path, and the platform it ran on was withdrawn in June 2026. The revised path (cre/screening/main.ts, contracts/RecDappCRE.sol) is the migration to the Chainlink Runtime Environment — implemented, unit-tested and exercised under local simulation, but not deployed. No measurement reported in the manuscript derives from it. Contents. contracts/ registry, CRE report receiver, mocks · test/ Hardhat suites, 48 behavioural cases · cre/ workflow, mock meter endpoint, unit and integration suites · functions/ legacy Functions source · evaluation_v2/ the scripts producing every number in Section 6, with input series and committed outputs · server/, client/. Reproduction. npx hardhat test → 63 passing (48 behavioural plus 15 gas-measurement cases); node --test cre/screen.test.js → 9/9; node --test cre/integration.test.js → 8/8; cre workflow simulate screening → 3 issuances, then 2 under an injected anomaly, then none when the metering endpoint is unreachable. Section 6 is reproduced from evaluation_v2/; see the README there for run order. Selected findings. Screening was evaluated on a synthetic benchmark and on measured Greek generation data, with all detectors compared at a matched alarm budget rather than at a fixed σ multiple. The synthetic benchmark overstates F1 by 0.156 relative to measured data, so the synthetic figure should not be read as a deployment expectation. An EWMA control chart attains the best mean rank, but its advantage over the rolling z-score is not significant under Friedman Aligned-Ranks with Finner post hoc (p = 0.128); threshold calibration matters more than the choice of statistic. Gas cost is invariant to batch size. Data and licences. The software is released under MIT. evaluation_v2/data/gr_generation_hourly.csv is the Greek subset of the Open Power System Data time series package, version 2020-10-06 (doi:10.25832/time_series/2020-10-06), released under CC-BY-4.0 and republishing ENTSO-E Transparency Platform records. It covers 2018-01-01 to 2020-09-30 at hourly resolution and is redistributed here under the terms of that licence so the evaluation runs without a network fetch. Development continues at https://github.com/panagiotisvionis/REC_Dapp_Ethereum","author":[{"family":"Vionis","given":"Panagiotis"},{"family":"Kotsilieris","given":"Theodore"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21981728","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21981728","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21981729","type":"article-journal","title":"RecChain: a blockchain platform for renewable energy certificate management with oracle-gated issuance and calibrated anomaly screening","abstract":"Software artefact accompanying the manuscript \"RecChain: a blockchain platform for renewable energy certificate management with oracle-gated issuance and calibrated anomaly screening\", submitted to Springer Electrical Engineering. RecChain issues renewable energy certificates as ERC-1155 semi-fungible tokens, gated by a decentralised oracle network that screens metered generation readings before any certificate is minted. This archive is the exact version described in the manuscript (git tag v1.0.0-ee-submission). Two issuance paths. The archive contains two oracle-mediated issuance implementations, and the distinction matters when reproducing the results. The legacy path (functions/source.js, contracts/RecDapp.sol) is the Chainlink Functions implementation; every empirical result reported in the manuscript characterises this path, and the platform it ran on was withdrawn in June 2026. The revised path (cre/screening/main.ts, contracts/RecDappCRE.sol) is the migration to the Chainlink Runtime Environment — implemented, unit-tested and exercised under local simulation, but not deployed. No measurement reported in the manuscript derives from it. Contents. contracts/ registry, CRE report receiver, mocks · test/ Hardhat suites, 48 behavioural cases · cre/ workflow, mock meter endpoint, unit and integration suites · functions/ legacy Functions source · evaluation_v2/ the scripts producing every number in Section 6, with input series and committed outputs · server/, client/. Reproduction. npx hardhat test → 63 passing (48 behavioural plus 15 gas-measurement cases); node --test cre/screen.test.js → 9/9; node --test cre/integration.test.js → 8/8; cre workflow simulate screening → 3 issuances, then 2 under an injected anomaly, then none when the metering endpoint is unreachable. Section 6 is reproduced from evaluation_v2/; see the README there for run order. Selected findings. Screening was evaluated on a synthetic benchmark and on measured Greek generation data, with all detectors compared at a matched alarm budget rather than at a fixed σ multiple. The synthetic benchmark overstates F1 by 0.156 relative to measured data, so the synthetic figure should not be read as a deployment expectation. An EWMA control chart attains the best mean rank, but its advantage over the rolling z-score is not significant under Friedman Aligned-Ranks with Finner post hoc (p = 0.128); threshold calibration matters more than the choice of statistic. Gas cost is invariant to batch size. Data and licences. The software is released under MIT. evaluation_v2/data/gr_generation_hourly.csv is the Greek subset of the Open Power System Data time series package, version 2020-10-06 (doi:10.25832/time_series/2020-10-06), released under CC-BY-4.0 and republishing ENTSO-E Transparency Platform records. It covers 2018-01-01 to 2020-09-30 at hourly resolution and is redistributed here under the terms of that licence so the evaluation runs without a network fetch. Development continues at https://github.com/panagiotisvionis/REC_Dapp_Ethereum","author":[{"family":"Vionis","given":"Panagiotis"},{"family":"Kotsilieris","given":"Theodore"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21981729","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21981729","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20124959","type":"article-journal","title":"Quarterly Project-Cost Review: A Diagnostic Companion to Project Cost Estimation: Three recalibration tools for the operator who sits down once a quarter to confirm the estimation model still reflects the business it is costing.","abstract":"A short, fast-running diagnostic companion to the Operator Playbooks volume on project cost estimation. The weekly tools detect drift; the quarterly tools recalibrate the structural assumptions: retrospective analysis that closes the loop between estimate and actual, contingency justification that holds up under scrutiny, and parametric review for novel project types where the historical record is thin. A six-question diagnostic intake routes the reader to the right tool based on which calibration is most overdue. The three tools, each designed for once-per-quarter use: **Parametric Review for Novel Project Types.** Builds or rebuilds a parametric estimating model for project types where the historical record is thin. Two worked examples: a renewable energy contractor pricing first solar installations, and a Surabaya HVAC contractor pricing a chilled-water system project in Malang. **Contingency Justification Board.** Reconstructs the contingency reserve across the active project portfolio with a defensible justification trail. Two worked examples: a domestic B2B construction operator, and a Batam offshore fabrication exporter pricing in USD for a Singapore client. **Project-Close Retrospective.** Closes the loop between estimate and actual on completed projects and seeds the internal cost database for future quarters. Two worked examples: a civil contractor handling a pipe-installation variance from a productivity assumption error, and a Yogyakarta fit-out contractor distinguishing scope-management variance from estimation variance. Each tool carries a self-scoring rubric, a quick decision tree, and tier adaptations for single-owner shops, mid-tier businesses, and pre-IPO operations. A quarterly plan at the back sequences the three tools across one full quarter. This companion was written from the seat of an operator running businesses in Indonesia. Examples, currency, and texture reflect that origin. The frameworks apply broadly to small and mid-sized businesses in other emerging markets and to many developed-market SME settings. **What this companion does NOT do** - Replace *Project Cost Estimation* (Operator Playbooks 18). - Substitute for the weekly-rhythm tools. - Address scenario-triggered project crises. **Who This Is For** - Project operators running the weekly cost checks who now need quarterly recalibration. - Owners launching novel project types where the historical database is thin. - Mid-tier directors heading into bidding cycles or investor due diligence. **Topics and Keywords** quarterly project cost review, parametric estimating, contingency justification, project close retrospective, project cost recalibration, SME project management, operator playbook companion","author":[{"family":"Anwar","given":"Ibrahim"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20124959","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20124959","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20124960","type":"article-journal","title":"Quarterly Project-Cost Review: A Diagnostic Companion to Project Cost Estimation: Three recalibration tools for the operator who sits down once a quarter to confirm the estimation model still reflects the business it is costing.","abstract":"A short, fast-running diagnostic companion to the Operator Playbooks volume on project cost estimation. The weekly tools detect drift; the quarterly tools recalibrate the structural assumptions: retrospective analysis that closes the loop between estimate and actual, contingency justification that holds up under scrutiny, and parametric review for novel project types where the historical record is thin. A six-question diagnostic intake routes the reader to the right tool based on which calibration is most overdue. The three tools, each designed for once-per-quarter use: **Parametric Review for Novel Project Types.** Builds or rebuilds a parametric estimating model for project types where the historical record is thin. Two worked examples: a renewable energy contractor pricing first solar installations, and a Surabaya HVAC contractor pricing a chilled-water system project in Malang. **Contingency Justification Board.** Reconstructs the contingency reserve across the active project portfolio with a defensible justification trail. Two worked examples: a domestic B2B construction operator, and a Batam offshore fabrication exporter pricing in USD for a Singapore client. **Project-Close Retrospective.** Closes the loop between estimate and actual on completed projects and seeds the internal cost database for future quarters. Two worked examples: a civil contractor handling a pipe-installation variance from a productivity assumption error, and a Yogyakarta fit-out contractor distinguishing scope-management variance from estimation variance. Each tool carries a self-scoring rubric, a quick decision tree, and tier adaptations for single-owner shops, mid-tier businesses, and pre-IPO operations. A quarterly plan at the back sequences the three tools across one full quarter. This companion was written from the seat of an operator running businesses in Indonesia. Examples, currency, and texture reflect that origin. The frameworks apply broadly to small and mid-sized businesses in other emerging markets and to many developed-market SME settings. **What this companion does NOT do** - Replace *Project Cost Estimation* (Operator Playbooks 18). - Substitute for the weekly-rhythm tools. - Address scenario-triggered project crises. **Who This Is For** - Project operators running the weekly cost checks who now need quarterly recalibration. - Owners launching novel project types where the historical database is thin. - Mid-tier directors heading into bidding cycles or investor due diligence. **Topics and Keywords** quarterly project cost review, parametric estimating, contingency justification, project close retrospective, project cost recalibration, SME project management, operator playbook companion","author":[{"family":"Anwar","given":"Ibrahim"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20124960","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20124960","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21353630","type":"article-journal","title":"A COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF PERFORMANCE FACTORS AFFECTING THE EFFICIENCY OF SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS","abstract":"Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are becoming an increasingly important source of renewable energy, but their performance is not constant and is affected by several external and design-related factors. This review looks at how different factors affect the efficiency of solar PV systems by comparing results from existing research studies. Factors such as solar irradiance, temperature, dust accumulation, shading, tilt angle, and module aging are discussed in terms of their impact on power output. The comparative analysis shows that solar irradiance and shading have the most significant effect on system performance, while conditions like dust and temperature and other factors can also lead to noticeable energy losses. The study brings together key insights from different works to provide a clearer understanding of what limits PV efficiency in real-world conditions. The findings highlight the importance of monitoring and optimization techniques to improve the reliability and energy yield of solar photovoltaic system.","author":[{"family":"Tirkey","given":"Ankit"},{"family":"Devi","given":"Ms"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21353630","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21353630","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21353631","type":"article-journal","title":"A COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF PERFORMANCE FACTORS AFFECTING THE EFFICIENCY OF SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS","abstract":"Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are becoming an increasingly important source of renewable energy, but their performance is not constant and is affected by several external and design-related factors. This review looks at how different factors affect the efficiency of solar PV systems by comparing results from existing research studies. Factors such as solar irradiance, temperature, dust accumulation, shading, tilt angle, and module aging are discussed in terms of their impact on power output. The comparative analysis shows that solar irradiance and shading have the most significant effect on system performance, while conditions like dust and temperature and other factors can also lead to noticeable energy losses. The study brings together key insights from different works to provide a clearer understanding of what limits PV efficiency in real-world conditions. The findings highlight the importance of monitoring and optimization techniques to improve the reliability and energy yield of solar photovoltaic system.","author":[{"family":"Tirkey","given":"Ankit"},{"family":"Devi","given":"Ms"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21353631","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21353631","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20124539","type":"article-journal","title":"Quarterly Project-Cost Review: A Diagnostic Companion to Project Cost Estimation: Three recalibration tools for the operator who sits down once a quarter to confirm the estimation model still reflects the business it is costing.","abstract":"A short, fast-running diagnostic companion to the Operator Playbooks volume on project cost estimation. The weekly tools detect drift; the quarterly tools recalibrate the structural assumptions: retrospective analysis that closes the loop between estimate and actual, contingency justification that holds up under scrutiny, and parametric review for novel project types where the historical record is thin. A six-question diagnostic intake routes the reader to the right tool based on which calibration is most overdue. The three tools, each designed for once-per-quarter use: **Parametric Review for Novel Project Types.** Builds or rebuilds a parametric estimating model for project types where the historical record is thin. Two worked examples: a renewable energy contractor pricing first solar installations, and a Surabaya HVAC contractor pricing a chilled-water system project in Malang. **Contingency Justification Board.** Reconstructs the contingency reserve across the active project portfolio with a defensible justification trail. Two worked examples: a domestic B2B construction operator, and a Batam offshore fabrication exporter pricing in USD for a Singapore client. **Project-Close Retrospective.** Closes the loop between estimate and actual on completed projects and seeds the internal cost database for future quarters. Two worked examples: a civil contractor handling a pipe-installation variance from a productivity assumption error, and a Yogyakarta fit-out contractor distinguishing scope-management variance from estimation variance. Each tool carries a self-scoring rubric, a quick decision tree, and tier adaptations for single-owner shops, mid-tier businesses, and pre-IPO operations. A quarterly plan at the back sequences the three tools across one full quarter. This companion was written from the seat of an operator running businesses in Indonesia. Examples, currency, and texture reflect that origin. The frameworks apply broadly to small and mid-sized businesses in other emerging markets and to many developed-market SME settings. **What this companion does NOT do** - Replace *Project Cost Estimation* (Operator Playbooks 18). - Substitute for the weekly-rhythm tools. - Address scenario-triggered project crises. **Who This Is For** - Project operators running the weekly cost checks who now need quarterly recalibration. - Owners launching novel project types where the historical database is thin. - Mid-tier directors heading into bidding cycles or investor due diligence. **Topics and Keywords** quarterly project cost review, parametric estimating, contingency justification, project close retrospective, project cost recalibration, SME project management, operator playbook companion","author":[{"family":"Anwar","given":"Ibrahim"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20124539","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20124539","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20124540","type":"article-journal","title":"Quarterly Project-Cost Review: A Diagnostic Companion to Project Cost Estimation: Three recalibration tools for the operator who sits down once a quarter to confirm the estimation model still reflects the business it is costing.","abstract":"A short, fast-running diagnostic companion to the Operator Playbooks volume on project cost estimation. The weekly tools detect drift; the quarterly tools recalibrate the structural assumptions: retrospective analysis that closes the loop between estimate and actual, contingency justification that holds up under scrutiny, and parametric review for novel project types where the historical record is thin. A six-question diagnostic intake routes the reader to the right tool based on which calibration is most overdue. The three tools, each designed for once-per-quarter use: **Parametric Review for Novel Project Types.** Builds or rebuilds a parametric estimating model for project types where the historical record is thin. Two worked examples: a renewable energy contractor pricing first solar installations, and a Surabaya HVAC contractor pricing a chilled-water system project in Malang. **Contingency Justification Board.** Reconstructs the contingency reserve across the active project portfolio with a defensible justification trail. Two worked examples: a domestic B2B construction operator, and a Batam offshore fabrication exporter pricing in USD for a Singapore client. **Project-Close Retrospective.** Closes the loop between estimate and actual on completed projects and seeds the internal cost database for future quarters. Two worked examples: a civil contractor handling a pipe-installation variance from a productivity assumption error, and a Yogyakarta fit-out contractor distinguishing scope-management variance from estimation variance. Each tool carries a self-scoring rubric, a quick decision tree, and tier adaptations for single-owner shops, mid-tier businesses, and pre-IPO operations. A quarterly plan at the back sequences the three tools across one full quarter. This companion was written from the seat of an operator running businesses in Indonesia. Examples, currency, and texture reflect that origin. The frameworks apply broadly to small and mid-sized businesses in other emerging markets and to many developed-market SME settings. **What this companion does NOT do** - Replace *Project Cost Estimation* (Operator Playbooks 18). - Substitute for the weekly-rhythm tools. - Address scenario-triggered project crises. **Who This Is For** - Project operators running the weekly cost checks who now need quarterly recalibration. - Owners launching novel project types where the historical database is thin. - Mid-tier directors heading into bidding cycles or investor due diligence. **Topics and Keywords** quarterly project cost review, parametric estimating, contingency justification, project close retrospective, project cost recalibration, SME project management, operator playbook companion","author":[{"family":"Anwar","given":"Ibrahim"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20124540","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20124540","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22153243","type":"article-journal","title":"gxceed GX Disclosure Dataset v0.3 (2026Q3)","abstract":"A fixed quarterly snapshot of GX (Green Transformation) disclosure metrics machine-extracted from integrated reports, sustainability reports, environmental reports, ESG data books, and CSR reports of TSE Prime-listed companies. Covers Scope 1/2/3 emissions, SBT status, TCFD disclosure, CDP score, renewable-energy ratio, internal carbon price, and purchased carbon credits, each with the source-document URL, extraction timestamp and model, extraction confidence, and review flags. Two honest denominators. First, this release covers 161 of 200 TSE Prime companies (221 reports); companies not included are not yet extracted, not \"non-disclosing\" (see the extracted flag in companies.csv). Second, normalized emission values are present for only 12 rows / 23 cells. A normalized cell exists only where the raw value is present and the unit label (万t / 千t / 百万t / tCO2e) is confirmed from the source PDF, and it is the exact unrounded product of raw × unit_multiplier. Blank normalized cells mean the unit could not be confirmed from the source document; they do not mean non-disclosure. Usage notes: raw columns preserve as-reported units and are retained for audit; Scope 2 is split into scope2_tco2_market_normalized and scope2_tco2_location_normalized so market-based and location-based figures are never conflated; Scope 3 category columns are as-reported with heterogeneous units, and reports disclosing only a single category never populate the scope3_tco2 total; the recommended analysis filter is extraction_confidence >= 0.7 AND needs_review = 0; extraction is AI-assisted (model recorded per record) and should be verified against the source documents listed in provenance.csv. The stable identifier is url_hash, not the natural key (code, report_type, publication_year). The pdf_sha256 field is empty in this version because source-PDF hashes were not recorded at extraction time. The available provenance consists of the source URL, extraction timestamp and model, extraction statistics, confidence, and review state. A later download of a corporate PDF cannot be assumed to be byte-identical to the document used during extraction. 東証プライム上場企業の統合報告書・サステナビリティ報告書等から機械抽出したGX開示指標の四半期固定スナップショットです。プライム200社のうち抽出済みは161社(221レポート)で、未収録は「未開示」ではなく「未抽出」です。また正規化済み排出量を持つのは12行23セルのみで、これは原典PDFから単位が確定した観測に限ってraw × 倍率の厳密積として収録しているためです。空欄は「単位未確定」を意味し、未開示ではありません。原典URL、抽出日時・モデル・統計、抽出信頼度、レビュー状態を記録しています。抽出時に原典PDFのSHA-256を記録していなかったため、本版のpdf_sha256列は空です。詳細は同梱のREADME.mdを参照してください。","author":[{"family":"Kokubu","given":"Hiroyuki"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22153243","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22153243","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21473647","type":"article-journal","title":"gxceed GX Disclosure Dataset v0.3 (2026Q3)","abstract":"A fixed quarterly snapshot of GX (Green Transformation) disclosure metrics machine-extracted from integrated reports, sustainability reports, environmental reports, ESG data books, and CSR reports of TSE Prime-listed companies. Covers Scope 1/2/3 emissions, SBT status, TCFD disclosure, CDP score, renewable-energy ratio, internal carbon price, and purchased carbon credits, each with the source-document URL, extraction timestamp and model, extraction confidence, and review flags. Two honest denominators. First, this release covers 161 of 200 TSE Prime companies (221 reports); companies not included are not yet extracted, not \"non-disclosing\" (see the extracted flag in companies.csv). Second, normalized emission values are present for only 12 rows / 23 cells. A normalized cell exists only where the raw value is present and the unit label (万t / 千t / 百万t / tCO2e) is confirmed from the source PDF, and it is the exact unrounded product of raw × unit_multiplier. Blank normalized cells mean the unit could not be confirmed from the source document; they do not mean non-disclosure. Usage notes: raw columns preserve as-reported units and are retained for audit; Scope 2 is split into scope2_tco2_market_normalized and scope2_tco2_location_normalized so market-based and location-based figures are never conflated; Scope 3 category columns are as-reported with heterogeneous units, and reports disclosing only a single category never populate the scope3_tco2 total; the recommended analysis filter is extraction_confidence >= 0.7 AND needs_review = 0; extraction is AI-assisted (model recorded per record) and should be verified against the source documents listed in provenance.csv. The stable identifier is url_hash, not the natural key (code, report_type, publication_year). The pdf_sha256 field is empty in this version because source-PDF hashes were not recorded at extraction time. The available provenance consists of the source URL, extraction timestamp and model, extraction statistics, confidence, and review state. A later download of a corporate PDF cannot be assumed to be byte-identical to the document used during extraction. 東証プライム上場企業の統合報告書・サステナビリティ報告書等から機械抽出したGX開示指標の四半期固定スナップショットです。プライム200社のうち抽出済みは161社(221レポート)で、未収録は「未開示」ではなく「未抽出」です。また正規化済み排出量を持つのは12行23セルのみで、これは原典PDFから単位が確定した観測に限ってraw × 倍率の厳密積として収録しているためです。空欄は「単位未確定」を意味し、未開示ではありません。原典URL、抽出日時・モデル・統計、抽出信頼度、レビュー状態を記録しています。抽出時に原典PDFのSHA-256を記録していなかったため、本版のpdf_sha256列は空です。詳細は同梱のREADME.mdを参照してください。","author":[{"family":"Kokubu","given":"Hiroyuki"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21473647","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21473647","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.33368466","type":"article-journal","title":"A comprehensive review of seaweed macroalgae as a biodiesel feedstock for transportation fuel in diesel engines","abstract":"The world faces growing demand for renewable transportation fuels due to limited crude oil reserves and environmental degradation. The review comprehensively examines biodiesel feedstocks using criteria for technology readiness, sustainability, and life cycle assessment (LCA). First-generation (G1) feedstocks face food-versus-fuel competition, low productivity, and high land use requirements. Second-generation (G2) feedstocks having problems of limited farmland and processing efficiency. In contrast, third-generation (G3) marine macroalgae (containing ˃5% lipids) exhibit higher biomass productivity (7–30 times land crops), grow rapidly, and are well-suited to existing aquaculture facilities. Key advancements, challenges, and pathways for producing macroalgae-based biodiesel are critically examined. The diesel engine performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel blends (B10–B20) from macroalgae show a good balance between brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and reductions in CO, HC, PM, and smoke emissions, with a slight increase in CO 2 and NOx. The efficiency and scalability of oil/lipid extraction through Soxhlet, pyrolysis, and hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), are compared. This review provides a quantitative assessment that connects feedstock productivity, conversion pathways, engine performance, by LCA, techno-economic indicators, and industrial biorefinery integration, unlike previous reviews.Overall, seaweed macroalgae represent promising sustainable biodiesel feedstocks , particularly with process integration, co-product valorization, and energy-efficient technologies.","author":[{"family":"Darunde","given":"Dhiraj"},{"family":"Sawarkar","given":"Pravin"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.6084/m9.figshare.33368466","URL":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.33368466","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.33368466.v1","type":"article-journal","title":"A comprehensive review of seaweed macroalgae as a biodiesel feedstock for transportation fuel in diesel engines","abstract":"The world faces growing demand for renewable transportation fuels due to limited crude oil reserves and environmental degradation. The review comprehensively examines biodiesel feedstocks using criteria for technology readiness, sustainability, and life cycle assessment (LCA). First-generation (G1) feedstocks face food-versus-fuel competition, low productivity, and high land use requirements. Second-generation (G2) feedstocks having problems of limited farmland and processing efficiency. In contrast, third-generation (G3) marine macroalgae (containing ˃5% lipids) exhibit higher biomass productivity (7–30 times land crops), grow rapidly, and are well-suited to existing aquaculture facilities. Key advancements, challenges, and pathways for producing macroalgae-based biodiesel are critically examined. The diesel engine performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel blends (B10–B20) from macroalgae show a good balance between brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and reductions in CO, HC, PM, and smoke emissions, with a slight increase in CO 2 and NOx. The efficiency and scalability of oil/lipid extraction through Soxhlet, pyrolysis, and hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), are compared. This review provides a quantitative assessment that connects feedstock productivity, conversion pathways, engine performance, by LCA, techno-economic indicators, and industrial biorefinery integration, unlike previous reviews.Overall, seaweed macroalgae represent promising sustainable biodiesel feedstocks , particularly with process integration, co-product valorization, and energy-efficient technologies.","author":[{"family":"Darunde","given":"Dhiraj"},{"family":"Sawarkar","given":"Pravin"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.6084/m9.figshare.33368466.v1","URL":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.33368466.v1","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20551818","type":"article-journal","title":"Mathematical optimization of renewable energy systems for sustainable development","abstract":"Due to the growing worldwide need for renewable energy sources, Renewable Energy Systems (RES) have been rapidly developed and deployed in response to global needs for cleaner energy and environmental damage from the use of fossil fuels. However, the inherent variability and uncertainty associated with renewable energy resources create significant challenges to RES planning, integration of RES into the overall energy system, and management of the RES. This overview examines the various types of mathematical optimization methodologies that have been applied to RES; it examines deterministic classical methods, stochastic approaches to optimizing RES, heuristics and metaheuristic algorithms, and artificial intelligence (AI) solutions through a systematic examination according to a structured taxonomy. The overall critical review describes the strength and weakness of optimization methodologies and provides an assessment of the computing resources available for each type of optimization method, describes the techniques for quantifying uncertainty, explains the principles and techniques used in probabilistic forecasting, and addresses the real-world deployment challenges associated with RES including regulatory, economic, financial, and infrastructure barriers. The overview also describes in detail hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES), multi-objective optimization methods, integration of energy storage systems, and smart grid optimization processes utilizing supporting comparison tables and illustrative examples. The review outlines areas for future research by suggesting using innovations such as Digital Twins, Explainable AI, Federated Learning, and Blockchain technologies for enhancing energy systems management. This review distinguishes itself from previous literature in that it synthesizes findings from multiple optimization paradigms and bridges the gap between theoretical modeling and practical implementation challenges.","author":[{"family":"Singh","given":"Garima"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20551818","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20551818","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20551819","type":"article-journal","title":"Mathematical optimization of renewable energy systems for sustainable development","abstract":"Due to the growing worldwide need for renewable energy sources, Renewable Energy Systems (RES) have been rapidly developed and deployed in response to global needs for cleaner energy and environmental damage from the use of fossil fuels. However, the inherent variability and uncertainty associated with renewable energy resources create significant challenges to RES planning, integration of RES into the overall energy system, and management of the RES. This overview examines the various types of mathematical optimization methodologies that have been applied to RES; it examines deterministic classical methods, stochastic approaches to optimizing RES, heuristics and metaheuristic algorithms, and artificial intelligence (AI) solutions through a systematic examination according to a structured taxonomy. The overall critical review describes the strength and weakness of optimization methodologies and provides an assessment of the computing resources available for each type of optimization method, describes the techniques for quantifying uncertainty, explains the principles and techniques used in probabilistic forecasting, and addresses the real-world deployment challenges associated with RES including regulatory, economic, financial, and infrastructure barriers. The overview also describes in detail hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES), multi-objective optimization methods, integration of energy storage systems, and smart grid optimization processes utilizing supporting comparison tables and illustrative examples. The review outlines areas for future research by suggesting using innovations such as Digital Twins, Explainable AI, Federated Learning, and Blockchain technologies for enhancing energy systems management. This review distinguishes itself from previous literature in that it synthesizes findings from multiple optimization paradigms and bridges the gap between theoretical modeling and practical implementation challenges.","author":[{"family":"Singh","given":"Garima"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20551819","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20551819","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.48548/pubdata-4190","type":"article-journal","title":"Environmental Justice in Times of Emergency: Democratic Constraints in Case T-535/23 CEE Bankwatch Network and Ökobüro v Council","abstract":"This case note focuses on the General Court’s judgment in T-535/23 CEE Bankwatch Network and Ökobüro v Council, which concerns a request for internal review made by environmental NGOs under the Aarhus Regulation. The request was filed with respect to the EU Emergency Regulation, adopted in December 2022 to accelerate renewable energy deployment. In this case, the Court discussed the distinction between “administrative acts” and “legislative acts,” in an attempt to finetune the scope of the internal review mechanism. In doing so, the Court ultimately excluded emergency measures adopted under Article 122(1) TFEU, such as the Emergency Regulation, from internal review. This case note therefore illustrates the tensions between emergency governance and environmental procedural rights, as it argues that the Court may have created an “Aarhus-free zone” for emergency measures. Moreover, this case note explores the broader implications of the judgment for access to justice in environmental matters in the EU.","author":[{"family":"Richelle","given":"Justine"},{"family":"Bertram","given":"Alice"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.48548/pubdata-4190","URL":"https://doi.org/10.48548/pubdata-4190","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.17189939","type":"article-journal","title":"The Digital Forest: Exploring AI's Ecological Footprint and Sustainability Challenges","abstract":"As artificial Intelligence keeps evolving, its environmental footprint has become anincreasing cause for alarm. The ever-greater computational power utilized to train anddeploy AI models means high energy usage, a carbon footprint, and e-waste. This thesisdiscusses the use of AI in Green Information Technology, considering whether it canworsen or alleviate environmental issues.The study investigates top areas such as energy-efficient AI algorithms, sustainablehardware design, and AI-based optimization for resource allocation. It also examines AIhardware and software life cycles and their impacts on the environment. Drawing on aliterature review, case study, and quantitative analysis of data, this research proposesways to reduce AI's carbon footprint without impeding its technological advancement.Research indicates that although AI generates sustainability challenges, the evolution ofGreen AI principles, green computing, and harnessing renewable energy can reduce itscarbon footprint efficiently. This study adds to the narrative of sustainable AI developmentand demands careful policies and practices to enable AI's role in a greener digital future.","author":[{"family":"Ergonul","given":"Derin"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.17189939","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17189939","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.17189940","type":"article-journal","title":"The Digital Forest: Exploring AI's Ecological Footprint and Sustainability Challenges","abstract":"As artificial Intelligence keeps evolving, its environmental footprint has become anincreasing cause for alarm. The ever-greater computational power utilized to train anddeploy AI models means high energy usage, a carbon footprint, and e-waste. This thesisdiscusses the use of AI in Green Information Technology, considering whether it canworsen or alleviate environmental issues.The study investigates top areas such as energy-efficient AI algorithms, sustainablehardware design, and AI-based optimization for resource allocation. It also examines AIhardware and software life cycles and their impacts on the environment. Drawing on aliterature review, case study, and quantitative analysis of data, this research proposesways to reduce AI's carbon footprint without impeding its technological advancement.Research indicates that although AI generates sustainability challenges, the evolution ofGreen AI principles, green computing, and harnessing renewable energy can reduce itscarbon footprint efficiently. This study adds to the narrative of sustainable AI developmentand demands careful policies and practices to enable AI's role in a greener digital future.","author":[{"family":"Ergonul","given":"Derin"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.17189940","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17189940","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.18891818","type":"article-journal","title":"Climate Compatible Growth in Vietnam: Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) in Energy and Transport Sectors","abstract":"The Climate Compatible Growth (CCG) programme works with partners in Vietnam, coordinated by the National Economics University in Hanoi, to support sustainable development with a focus on renewable energy and transport systems. Vietnam’s low-carbon transition is unfolding alongside rapid economic and infrastructure transformation, creating both new opportunities and risks. While energy and transport investments are central to national development objectives, longstanding social, economic, and spatial inequalities shape who can access, afford, and benefit from these systems. As a result, the transition to cleaner energy and more sustainable transport does not affect all population groups equally and may reinforce existing disparities if gender equality and social inclusion (GESI) considerations are not consistently embedded across policy, planning, and implementation. This document presents a condensed and revised version of a longer in-country GESI contextual report. It synthesises key findings related to the integration of GESI within Vietnam’s energy and transport sectors, drawing on demographic analysis, policy review, and stakeholder perspectives. This condensed version provides an accessible overview of the current GESI context, highlighting cross-cutting patterns and challenges. This baseline understanding of the GESI landscape in Vietnam’s energy and transport sectors is intended to support internal alignment, dialogue, and engagement with partners and stakeholders, and to inform inclusive, evidence-informed approaches aligned with Vietnam’s development priorities.","author":[{"family":"Nguyen","given":"Lan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.18891818","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18891818","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.18891819","type":"article-journal","title":"Climate Compatible Growth in Vietnam: Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) in Energy and Transport Sectors","abstract":"The Climate Compatible Growth (CCG) programme works with partners in Vietnam, coordinated by the National Economics University in Hanoi, to support sustainable development with a focus on renewable energy and transport systems. Vietnam’s low-carbon transition is unfolding alongside rapid economic and infrastructure transformation, creating both new opportunities and risks. While energy and transport investments are central to national development objectives, longstanding social, economic, and spatial inequalities shape who can access, afford, and benefit from these systems. As a result, the transition to cleaner energy and more sustainable transport does not affect all population groups equally and may reinforce existing disparities if gender equality and social inclusion (GESI) considerations are not consistently embedded across policy, planning, and implementation. This document presents a condensed and revised version of a longer in-country GESI contextual report. It synthesises key findings related to the integration of GESI within Vietnam’s energy and transport sectors, drawing on demographic analysis, policy review, and stakeholder perspectives. This condensed version provides an accessible overview of the current GESI context, highlighting cross-cutting patterns and challenges. This baseline understanding of the GESI landscape in Vietnam’s energy and transport sectors is intended to support internal alignment, dialogue, and engagement with partners and stakeholders, and to inform inclusive, evidence-informed approaches aligned with Vietnam’s development priorities.","author":[{"family":"Nguyen","given":"Lan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.18891819","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18891819","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.26083/tuda-8230","type":"article-journal","title":"Multi-Impact Evaluation of Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage Integration in District Heating Networks","abstract":"Seasonal heat storage is a key enabler for low-carbon district heating, as it can align variable renewable and surplus heat supply with winter demand. Among available options, aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) offers high storage potential and attractive round-trip efficiency at comparatively low operating cost. Low-temperature (LT)-ATES is a widely deployed and mature technology, with thousands of installations reported globally. By contrast, high-temperature (HT)-ATES deployment remains scarce, even though its temperature range is compatible with many existing high-temperature district heating networks (DHNs) and could increase system efficiency. The limited deployment of HT-ATES is commonly attributed to uncertain site-specific hydrogeological properties and permitting requirements, strong and complex interdependencies with DHN operation, higher up-front costs for high-temperature-resistant well and surface components, and uncertainty regarding real-world performance. At the same time, DHNs are transitioning away from fossil heat toward lower-carbon sources. This transition may alter the economic and environmental impacts of HT-ATES and increase uncertainty in impact estimates. A structured assessment is therefore needed to determine the timing, location, and future conditions under which HT-ATES provides a net benefit. Existing research on HT-ATES remains fragmented. Reported economic and environmental outcomes are often highly site-dependent, which limits transferability. In addition, methodological differences in system boundaries, modeling choices, and the evaluation of impact categories complicate comparison across studies. Limited representation of system dynamics restricts the ability to capture time-dependent interactions between storage, DHN operation, and changing boundary conditions. This cumulative dissertation addresses this gap by developing a site-adaptable, methodologically consistent, and time-sensitive framework, enabling multi-impact evaluation of HT-ATES integration in DHNs and robust decisions under uncertainty. A review of recent literature provides an overview of the environmental and economic research landscape for ATES and identifies key methodological shortcomings. In Publication I, a five-step approach combining literature analysis and expert consultation is used to derive key factors that determine environmental and economic impacts of integrating HT-ATES into DHNs. In Publication II, a dynamic life cycle inventory framework for the operational phase is developed based on an economic merit-order model. This model explicitly links HT-ATES dispatch to marginal life cycle data to translate consequentially displaced heating technologies into environmental and economic impacts. Publication III introduces a multi-model framework that couples life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing with prospective district heating scenarios and global development pathways to benchmark HT-ATES integration against no-integration. Results indicate that construction and operation are the most impactful life-cycle phases, while investigation and end-of-life phases contribute comparatively little. Key internal factors relate to drilling and the specifications of submersible pumps and heat pumps; key external factors relate to economic, legal, and political conditions; and key methodological factors primarily concern temporal resolution and system boundary choices. Dynamic assessment of HT-ATES operation, capturing the displacement of competing heating technologies under economic constraints, proves crucial for realistic impact quantification and is operationalized through the merit-order model. A case study of one year of operation of a 50 GWh HT-ATES shows annual reductions of 5.86 kt carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) alongside cost savings of 1.09 M EUR, with efficiency and relative, direct, and net impacts exhibiting sensitivity to different operation schedules. Combining the operational model with geologic","author":[{"family":"Scholliers","given":"Niklas"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.26083/tuda-8230","URL":"https://doi.org/10.26083/tuda-8230","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22178376","type":"article-journal","title":"Solid-State Battery Topology for 400Wh/kg, 100k Charge Cycles: A Theoretical Framework for the Bi-Nano Zn-Fe-C-N and Al-Fe-C-N Hybrid Bipolar Stack","abstract":"1. Abstract It’s all too easy to dismiss the secret behind Donut Lab’s solid-state battery (SSB) as im­pos­sible. That is precisely why it is all the more interesting to take a closer look at it. This work proposes a theoretical battery architecture derived from: (i) the performance data published by Donut Lab and assumed to be accurate(i) currently understood physics and electrochemical principles(iii) topology-driven optimization, which enables a better overall battery design Within this chemistry-agnostic Bi-Nano framework, energy is reversibly stored via sur­face-controlled pseudocapacitive redox processes. By substituting slow bulk intercalation with nanoconfined (nano-cells) underpotential deposition (UPD) and ultra-fast Grott­huss proton transport across an amorphous TiO2 solid-state electrolyte, the system achie­ves a state of \"Chemical Silence\". This regime eliminates deep lattice strain, aggressively sup­pressing dendrites, gas evolution, and thermal degradation, thereby theoretically un­locking 12C charge rates and 100k cycle life. Core of the framework is the “True Parallel Coupling” achieved by spatially fixed metal-hydroxide-confined nano-cells. Redox‑active materials, within N-doped MWCNTs, act as a single, equipo­tential energetic node. Here Faradaic (CRedox + CN-Redox), Space‑Charge (CSCR), Helmholtz (CH) and Quantum (Cq) capacity channels are connected in true parallel. Py­thon-based ODE simulations predict unprecedented performance metrics at cell level, culmina­ting in a BGA-parallelized “10Ah-Battery Brick” with the following pack level metrics: Zn-Fe-C-N (Baseline): ~168 Wh/kg | ~260 Wh/L | UN = 9.1V Al-Mn-C-N (Champion): ~479 Wh/kg | ~700 Wh/L | UN = 18.2V The rationale for material selection strictly prioritizes environmental safety and global abundance: Al (3rd) in the Earth's crust), Fe (4th), Mn (12th), C (15th), and Zn (24th) ensure entirely non-critical supply chains and true cradle-to-cradle recyclability. Ultimately, rather than claiming immediate experimental validation, this work provides a rigorously derived, mathematically validated blueprint for a highly scalable, lithium-free, and inherently non-flammable solid-state architecture.","author":[{"family":"Wehrli","given":"Peter"},{"family":"Wehrli","given":"Peter"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22178376","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22178376","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19469718","type":"article-journal","title":"Solid-State Battery Topology for 400Wh/kg, 100k Charge Cycles: A Theoretical Framework for the Bi-Nano Zn-Fe-C-N and Al-Fe-C-N Hybrid Bipolar Stack","abstract":"1. Abstract It’s all too easy to dismiss the secret behind Donut Lab’s solid-state battery (SSB) as im­pos­sible. That is precisely why it is all the more interesting to take a closer look at it. This work proposes a theoretical battery architecture derived from: (i) the performance data published by Donut Lab and assumed to be accurate(i) currently understood physics and electrochemical principles(iii) topology-driven optimization, which enables a better overall battery design Within this chemistry-agnostic Bi-Nano framework, energy is reversibly stored via sur­face-controlled pseudocapacitive redox processes. By substituting slow bulk intercalation with nanoconfined (nano-cells) underpotential deposition (UPD) and ultra-fast Grott­huss proton transport across an amorphous TiO2 solid-state electrolyte, the system achie­ves a state of \"Chemical Silence\". This regime eliminates deep lattice strain, aggressively sup­pressing dendrites, gas evolution, and thermal degradation, thereby theoretically un­locking 12C charge rates and 100k cycle life. Core of the framework is the “True Parallel Coupling” achieved by spatially fixed metal-hydroxide-confined nano-cells. Redox‑active materials, within N-doped MWCNTs, act as a single, equipo­tential energetic node. Here Faradaic (CRedox + CN-Redox), Space‑Charge (CSCR), Helmholtz (CH) and Quantum (Cq) capacity channels are connected in true parallel. Py­thon-based ODE simulations predict unprecedented performance metrics at cell level, culmina­ting in a BGA-parallelized “10Ah-Battery Brick” with the following pack level metrics: Zn-Fe-C-N (Baseline): ~168 Wh/kg | ~260 Wh/L | UN = 9.1V Al-Mn-C-N (Champion): ~479 Wh/kg | ~700 Wh/L | UN = 18.2V The rationale for material selection strictly prioritizes environmental safety and global abundance: Al (3rd) in the Earth's crust), Fe (4th), Mn (12th), C (15th), and Zn (24th) ensure entirely non-critical supply chains and true cradle-to-cradle recyclability. Ultimately, rather than claiming immediate experimental validation, this work provides a rigorously derived, mathematically validated blueprint for a highly scalable, lithium-free, and inherently non-flammable solid-state architecture.","author":[{"family":"Wehrli","given":"Peter"},{"family":"Wehrli","given":"Peter"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19469718","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19469718","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21071028","type":"article-journal","title":"Heat Router Architecture热量路由架构","abstract":"本文提出一种热量路由架构(Heat Router Architecture, HRA),以分布式热量路由节点(HRN,即热泵)为核心、热量路由交换器(HRS,热电转换+蓄电池)为能量调度中枢、热量路由端口(HRP,定向激光或并网接口)为可控排放出口。基于现实工程参数(HRN 性能系数 β ≈ 1.5,HRS 热电转换效率 η ≈ 12%),推导了系统自持的普适临界条件 η ≥ 1/(β+1),并揭示了两种互补工作模式:能量回收路由模式以散热面积小幅增加(+16%)换取 200 W 电能回收与主动制冷能力;面积缩减路由模式跳过热电转换,实现散热面积缩减 52% 并保有主动制冷能力,净支出 667 W 主电源电能。第11章将核心公式映射至地面数据中心、电动汽车与工业余热场景,证明该临界条件与功率规模、应用场景均无关。分析表明,两种模式的协同收益需待 HRN 性能系数与 HRS 效率的乘积跨越临界阈值后方可同时释放,为固态热泵与热电材料的技术进步提供了清晰的收敛判据。 This report presents a Heat Router Architecture (HRA) for spacecraft and high-density terrestrial energy systems, utilizing distributed Heat Router Nodes (HRNs, i.e., heat pumps as \"temperature transformers\"), a Heat Router Switch (HRS, thermoelectric conversion plus battery buffering), and a Heat Router Port (HRP, directed laser emission on orbit or grid-connected heat export on ground). Based on realistic engineering parameters (HRN coefficient of performance β ≈ 1.5, HRS thermoelectric efficiency η ≈ 12%), the analysis derives a universal self-sustaining threshold η ≥ 1/(β+1) and identifies two complementary operating modes: (1) Energy-Recovery Routing, which trades a 16% increase in radiator area for 200 W electrical recovery and active refrigeration; and (2) Area-Reduction Routing, which bypasses the HRS to achieve a 52% radiator area reduction at the cost of 667 W primary power. Chapter 11 extends the framework to terrestrial data centers, electric vehicles, and industrial waste heat, demonstrating that the critical threshold is scenario-independent. The report concludes that synergistic benefits of both modes require the product of HRN coefficient of performance and HRS efficiency to cross the critical threshold, providing a clear convergence criterion for future advances in thermoelectric materials, solid-state heat pumps, and space lasers. Feel free to discuss with me by following email 欢迎通过以下邮箱与我讨论: zl.chen.research@outlook.com","author":[{"family":"Chen","given":"Zili"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21071028","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21071028","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20184441","type":"article-journal","title":"HCTGS v22 THE SYMBIOSIS ENGINE","abstract":"ABSTRACT — HCTGS v22: [Basis: 1,000,000 m³/day seawater input. HCTGS thermal distillation achieves ~95% recovery — requiring 1 Mm³/day seawater to produce ~950,000 m³/day fresh water. All mineral quantities, revenue, OPEX and profit figures are corrected accordingly. Engineering principles, all NCs, MgO self-financing ratio (6.6×), and industrial symbiosis architecture are unchanged.] HCTGS v22 documents the Symbiosis Engine — a fundamental reframing of the HCTGS architecture from a coastal desalination system to a universal heat cascade that accepts thermal energy from any source, uses it sequentially across eight temperature stages, and delivers each stage to an industrial partner at zero marginal cost. The governing principle: the heat that feeds itself — a closed architecture in which combustion products become feedstocks, waste heat becomes industrial utility, and every joule entering the system is used eight times before it dissipates below the threshold of further productive application. The fuel system is source-agnostic. Magnesium combustion (37 MJ/kg, primary), aluminium/magnesium alloy (>30 MJ/kg, >94% efficiency), boron from the bittern fraction (58 MJ/kg — the highest gravimetric combustion energy of any metallic fuel), solar thermal, wind-derived hydrogen, biogas, OTEC (ΔT 23–26°C, continuous), and gravity-driven hydroelectric (68 MW at 600m head) enter the same cascade simultaneously. The system is not dependent on any single fuel. It is dependent on heat — from wherever heat is available. Combustion does not destroy the fuel — it transforms it. Magnesium combustion produces 1.658 tonnes MgO per tonne burned (€800/t); MgO + CO₂ → MgCO₃, carbon-negative structural material permanently sequestering 1.1 tonnes CO₂ per tonne MgO. Boron combustion (4.5 mg/L in Mediterranean seawater; 4.5 t/day from 1 Mm³/day scale) produces B₂O₃ at 3.22 t per tonne boron (€1,200/t). Aluminium combustion produces Al₂O₃ at 1.889 t per tonne — the exact feedstock for the NC-2 ceramic hull coating gradient architecture. The Al/Mg alloy combustion byproduct IS the NC-2 gradient matrix in its operational composition. The MgO combustion byproduct alone generates 6.6× the cost of the Mg fuel — before selling a single litre of water. Total annual value of all outputs from one 1 Mm³/day installation: approximately €2.51 billion per year. Net annual profit after full OPEX: approximately €2.30 billion. ROI on OPEX: ~11×. In every fuel scenario from grid electricity (4.7× revenue/fuel ratio) to internal Mg production via Magrathea process (41×), cascade revenues exceed fuel costs without exception. The eight-stage temperature cascade serves eight industrial partners simultaneously: (1) 1,500–1,200°C: solid-state battery ceramic electrolyte sintering (LLZO, >1,000°C — the primary manufacturing barrier for QuantumScape, Toyota, and Honda EV programs); (2) 700°C: HfO₂-based neuromorphic chip deposition (Cambridge University, 2026 — 70% AI energy reduction, 700°C fabrication requirement above CMOS manufacturing tolerance) via ceramic heat exchanger, 650°C return (93% heat retention); (3) 400–550°C: green ammonia Haber-Bosch synthesis with all three inputs internal (H₂ from electrolysis at USD 0.80–1.20/kg, reaction heat from cascade, N₂ from air separation); (4) 350°C: ORC electricity generation (271 MW, 6,504 MWh/day — full operational self-sufficiency); (5) 80–120°C: Direct Air Capture CO₂ sorbent regeneration from NC-16 wash water waste heat — reducing DAC cost from USD 383 to USD 222 per tonne CO₂; (6) 15–20°C: premium bluefin tuna aquaculture from blended deep water (USD 47B global tuna market, CAGR 7.6%); (7) 4–6°C: AI data centre SWAC cooling eliminating 80–90% of conventional cooling energy; (8) bidirectional: the same system providing 700°C chip fabrication heat also provides 4–6°C SWAC cooling for the data centres running those chips — fabrication and operation of AI infrastructure from one cascade. The NC-20 Inverted U tower introduces a c","author":[{"family":"Mehmetaj","given":"Ilir"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20184441","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20184441","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20184442","type":"article-journal","title":"HCTGS v22 THE SYMBIOSIS ENGINE","abstract":"ABSTRACT — HCTGS v22: HCTGS v22 documents the Symbiosis Engine — a fundamental reframing of the HCTGS architecture from a coastal desalination system to a universal heat cascade that accepts thermal energy from any source, uses it sequentially across eight temperature stages, and delivers each stage to an industrial partner at zero marginal cost. The governing principle: the heat that feeds itself — a closed architecture in which combustion products become feedstocks, waste heat becomes industrial utility, and every joule entering the system is used eight times before it dissipates below the threshold of further productive application. The fuel system is source-agnostic. Magnesium combustion (37 MJ/kg, primary), aluminium/magnesium alloy (>30 MJ/kg, >94% efficiency), boron from the bittern fraction (58 MJ/kg — the highest gravimetric combustion energy of any metallic fuel), solar thermal, wind-derived hydrogen, biogas, OTEC (ΔT 23–26°C, continuous), and gravity-driven hydroelectric (68 MW at 600m head) enter the same cascade simultaneously. The system is not dependent on any single fuel. It is dependent on heat — from wherever heat is available. Combustion does not destroy the fuel — it transforms it. Magnesium combustion produces 1.658 tonnes MgO per tonne burned (€800/t); MgO + CO₂ → MgCO₃, carbon-negative structural material permanently sequestering 1.1 tonnes CO₂ per tonne MgO. Boron combustion (4.5 mg/L in Mediterranean seawater; 12.9 t/day at 1 Mm³/day scale) produces B₂O₃ at 3.22 t per tonne boron (€1,200/t). Aluminium combustion produces Al₂O₃ at 1.889 t per tonne — the exact feedstock for the NC-2 ceramic hull coating gradient architecture. The Al/Mg alloy combustion byproduct IS the NC-2 gradient matrix in its operational composition. The MgO combustion byproduct alone generates 6.6× the cost of the Mg fuel — before selling a single litre of water. Total annual value of all outputs from one 1 Mm³/day installation: approximately €4.23 billion per year. Net annual profit after full OPEX: approximately €3.86 billion. ROI on OPEX: 10.4×. In every fuel scenario from grid electricity (2.8× revenue/fuel ratio) to internal Mg production via Magrathea process (41×), cascade revenues exceed fuel costs without exception. The eight-stage temperature cascade serves eight industrial partners simultaneously: (1) 1,500–1,200°C: solid-state battery ceramic electrolyte sintering (LLZO, >1,000°C — the primary manufacturing barrier for QuantumScape, Toyota, and Honda EV programs); (2) 700°C: HfO₂-based neuromorphic chip deposition (Cambridge University, 2026 — 70% AI energy reduction, 700°C fabrication requirement above CMOS manufacturing tolerance) via ceramic heat exchanger, 650°C return (93% heat retention); (3) 400–550°C: green ammonia Haber-Bosch synthesis with all three inputs internal (H₂ from electrolysis at USD 0.80–1.20/kg, reaction heat from cascade, N₂ from air separation); (4) 350°C: ORC electricity generation (271 MW, 6,504 MWh/day — full operational self-sufficiency); (5) 80–120°C: Direct Air Capture CO₂ sorbent regeneration from NC-16 wash water waste heat — reducing DAC cost from USD 383 to USD 222 per tonne CO₂; (6) 15–20°C: premium bluefin tuna aquaculture from blended deep water (USD 47B global tuna market, CAGR 7.6%); (7) 4–6°C: AI data centre SWAC cooling eliminating 80–90% of conventional cooling energy; (8) bidirectional: the same system providing 700°C chip fabrication heat also provides 4–6°C SWAC cooling for the data centres running those chips — fabrication and operation of AI infrastructure from one cascade. The NC-20 Inverted U tower introduces a closed-loop vortex distillation architecture: a central ascending vortex shaft (Mg combustion at 1,500°C at base) with gill openings at the top redirecting steam into two lateral descending shafts applying sequential cold air pre-cooling and Al₂O₃/SiC ceramic wall contact with 4–6°C seawater — achieving rapid condensation without direct steam-seawater contact and p","author":[{"family":"Mehmetaj","given":"Ilir"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20184442","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20184442","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20774809","type":"article-journal","title":"Beyond the Chemical Battery Paradox: An O(1) Spatiotemporal Resonance Computation Architecture for Energyless and Battery-free Mobility Systems","abstract":"This paper presents a novel paradigm designed to bypass the physical limitations of chemical batteries in autonomous mobility systems, defined as the Chemical Battery Paradox. Conventional mobile robots and Autonomous Guided Vehicles (AGVs) are bound by the mass paradox, where increasing battery capacity exponentially scales vehicle mass and mechanical workload, and solid-state ion diffusion limits that restrict energy efficiency to O(N) or O(L^2) time delays. To resolve these challenges within controlled environments (e.g., smart factories and localized mesh grids), we propose an O(1) Spatiotemporal Resonance Computation Architecture. By mapping the real-time 3D coordinate states (latitude, longitude, and barometric altitude) of a vehicle into an ephemeral 64-byte spatiotemporal coordinate vector, the infrastructure node establishes phase-locked evanescent wave coupling. This concentrates electromagnetic energy exclusively on the receiver surface, suppressing free-space radiation attenuation to achieve distance-independent constant efficiency (O(1) power transfer). Simultaneously, the onboard virtual Quantum Processing Unit (vQPU) decodes the 64-byte vector using the J.M. Function under a Zero-RAM I/O layout, bypassing memory buffer overhead and reducing control power consumption to a constant complexity O(1). This architecture eliminates heavy persistent batteries, replacing them with high-power buffer supercapacitors, and reduces basic mechanical power requirements by over 50% while eliminating charging downtime. Patents & Citations:This research and the underlying system control methods are protected under Korean Patent Application No. 10-2026-0112979, filed on June 20, 2026.","author":[{"family":"Jung","given":"Min"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20774809","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20774809","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20774810","type":"article-journal","title":"Beyond the Chemical Battery Paradox: An O(1) Spatiotemporal Resonance Computation Architecture for Energyless and Battery-free Mobility Systems","abstract":"This paper presents a novel paradigm designed to bypass the physical limitations of chemical batteries in autonomous mobility systems, defined as the Chemical Battery Paradox. Conventional mobile robots and Autonomous Guided Vehicles (AGVs) are bound by the mass paradox, where increasing battery capacity exponentially scales vehicle mass and mechanical workload, and solid-state ion diffusion limits that restrict energy efficiency to O(N) or O(L^2) time delays. To resolve these challenges within controlled environments (e.g., smart factories and localized mesh grids), we propose an O(1) Spatiotemporal Resonance Computation Architecture. By mapping the real-time 3D coordinate states (latitude, longitude, and barometric altitude) of a vehicle into an ephemeral 64-byte spatiotemporal coordinate vector, the infrastructure node establishes phase-locked evanescent wave coupling. This concentrates electromagnetic energy exclusively on the receiver surface, suppressing free-space radiation attenuation to achieve distance-independent constant efficiency (O(1) power transfer). Simultaneously, the onboard virtual Quantum Processing Unit (vQPU) decodes the 64-byte vector using the J.M. Function under a Zero-RAM I/O layout, bypassing memory buffer overhead and reducing control power consumption to a constant complexity O(1). This architecture eliminates heavy persistent batteries, replacing them with high-power buffer supercapacitors, and reduces basic mechanical power requirements by over 50% while eliminating charging downtime. Patents & Citations:This research and the underlying system control methods are protected under Korean Patent Application No. 10-2026-0112979, filed on June 20, 2026.","author":[{"family":"Jung","given":"Min"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20774810","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20774810","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22041356","type":"article-journal","title":"Mobile P11B Fusion-Enabled Replicator & In-Field Laboratory Architecture","abstract":"PROMETHEUS: A Mobile P11B Fusion-Enabled Replicator & In-Field Laboratory Architecture --- Document Version: 1.1 (Simulation-Validated)Classification: Open (Preprint-Ready)Lead Architect: Anthony Jordan Blair (with Syed Muntasir Mamun)Date: August 19, 2026DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21991176License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA 4.0Affiliation: Persistence Engineering Archive / New Alexandrian Library --- ABSTRACT Background: Modern supply chains are brittle, medical isotopes have half-lives shorter than regulatory approval cycles, and remote field operations rely on diesel generators and pre-fabricated parts that fail catastrophically without resupply. The Prometheus architecture addresses these systemic vulnerabilities through a mobile, aneutronic fusion platform designed for decentralized material synthesis and in-field analysis. Objective: This document details the engineering blueprints for a mobile, aneutronic fusion platform designed to operate as both a high-energy materials foundry and an in-field analytical laboratory. The system repurposes a vintage mercury arc rectifier as a high-voltage DC bus, couples it with a compact proton accelerator, and targets a Boron-11 fusion core to achieve a closed-loop power-to-material synthesis system that bypasses traditional grid dependence and institutional gatekeeping. Methodology: The architecture integrates five core subsystems: (1) a repurposed mercury arc rectifier providing a ruggedized 10 kV DC bus; (2) a dual-mode RF linear accelerator delivering 600 keV – 1.2 MeV protons; (3) an inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) or dense plasma focus P11B fusion core; (4) a direct energy conversion (DEC) system utilizing Venetian-blind molybdenum collector grids; and (5) a robotic 5-axis plasma-enhanced CVD deposition head with integrated PIXE analytical capability. Results: COMSOL simulations validate the DEC grid surface flashover threshold at 5×10²⁰ α/m²·s, with mitigation strategies including negative suppression grids and micro-polished electrode edges. The 4-cell OFHC copper RF cavity is tuned to 100 MHz with a Q₀ exceeding 10,000. The system achieves a proton beam energy window of 600 keV to 1.2 MeV at 10–50 mA, with a targeted fusion yield of 5×10¹⁰ α/s. Direct energy conversion is projected at 65% efficiency with theoretical potential exceeding 80%. Deposition rates of 2–5 cm³/hour per torch are achievable, with PIXE sensitivity below 100 ppm for most metals. Conclusions: The Prometheus architecture demonstrates that net-positive fusion is not a prerequisite for practical utility. The system generates sufficient particle flux and thermal gradient to synthesize rare isotopes, deposit high-temperature alloys, and perform real-time feedstock analysis—all within a flatbed-mounted footprint ( 80% and prototype target of 65%. 5. Robotic Replicator: A 5-axis plasma-enhanced CVD deposition head gasifies feedstock (silica, carbon, scrap aluminum) into atomic vapor and re-deposits with 50–200 µm layer resolution. 6. In-Field Laboratory: Proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) enables real-time compositional analysis without sending samples to a central lab. 7. Simulation Validation: COMSOL simulations validate the DEC grid surface flashover threshold at 5×10²⁰ α/m²·s, with mitigation strategies including negative suppression grids and micro-polished electrode edges. System Specifications Parameter ValueTotal Mass 10,000. Permanent magnet quadrupoles provide focusing without external power. Fusion Core: The accelerator beam impinges on a rotating Boron-11 target inside a vacuum chamber at 10⁻⁶ Torr. The reaction produces three alpha particles with total kinetic energy of 8.7 MeV. Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (IEC) or dense plasma focus is used for confinement. Direct Energy Conversion: Charged alphas are intercepted by a Venetian-blind collector grid of micro-polished molybdenum with rounded edges (radius > 0.5 mm). Negative suppression grids drive secondary electrons back down, enabling sta","author":[{"family":"Blair","given":"Anthony"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22041356","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22041356","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22129025","type":"article-journal","title":"Mobile P11B Fusion-Enabled Replicator & In-Field Laboratory Architecture","abstract":"PROMETHEUS: A Mobile P11B Fusion-Enabled Replicator & In-Field Laboratory Architecture --- Document Version: 1.1 (Simulation-Validated)Classification: Open (Preprint-Ready)Lead Architect: Anthony Jordan Blair (with Syed Muntasir Mamun)Date: August 19, 2026DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21991176License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA 4.0Affiliation: Persistence Engineering Archive / New Alexandrian Library --- ABSTRACT Background: Modern supply chains are brittle, medical isotopes have half-lives shorter than regulatory approval cycles, and remote field operations rely on diesel generators and pre-fabricated parts that fail catastrophically without resupply. The Prometheus architecture addresses these systemic vulnerabilities through a mobile, aneutronic fusion platform designed for decentralized material synthesis and in-field analysis. Objective: This document details the engineering blueprints for a mobile, aneutronic fusion platform designed to operate as both a high-energy materials foundry and an in-field analytical laboratory. The system repurposes a vintage mercury arc rectifier as a high-voltage DC bus, couples it with a compact proton accelerator, and targets a Boron-11 fusion core to achieve a closed-loop power-to-material synthesis system that bypasses traditional grid dependence and institutional gatekeeping. Methodology: The architecture integrates five core subsystems: (1) a repurposed mercury arc rectifier providing a ruggedized 10 kV DC bus; (2) a dual-mode RF linear accelerator delivering 600 keV – 1.2 MeV protons; (3) an inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) or dense plasma focus P11B fusion core; (4) a direct energy conversion (DEC) system utilizing Venetian-blind molybdenum collector grids; and (5) a robotic 5-axis plasma-enhanced CVD deposition head with integrated PIXE analytical capability. Results: COMSOL simulations validate the DEC grid surface flashover threshold at 5×10²⁰ α/m²·s, with mitigation strategies including negative suppression grids and micro-polished electrode edges. The 4-cell OFHC copper RF cavity is tuned to 100 MHz with a Q₀ exceeding 10,000. The system achieves a proton beam energy window of 600 keV to 1.2 MeV at 10–50 mA, with a targeted fusion yield of 5×10¹⁰ α/s. Direct energy conversion is projected at 65% efficiency with theoretical potential exceeding 80%. Deposition rates of 2–5 cm³/hour per torch are achievable, with PIXE sensitivity below 100 ppm for most metals. Conclusions: The Prometheus architecture demonstrates that net-positive fusion is not a prerequisite for practical utility. The system generates sufficient particle flux and thermal gradient to synthesize rare isotopes, deposit high-temperature alloys, and perform real-time feedstock analysis—all within a flatbed-mounted footprint ( 80% and prototype target of 65%. 5. Robotic Replicator: A 5-axis plasma-enhanced CVD deposition head gasifies feedstock (silica, carbon, scrap aluminum) into atomic vapor and re-deposits with 50–200 µm layer resolution. 6. In-Field Laboratory: Proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) enables real-time compositional analysis without sending samples to a central lab. 7. Simulation Validation: COMSOL simulations validate the DEC grid surface flashover threshold at 5×10²⁰ α/m²·s, with mitigation strategies including negative suppression grids and micro-polished electrode edges. System Specifications Parameter ValueTotal Mass 10,000. Permanent magnet quadrupoles provide focusing without external power. Fusion Core: The accelerator beam impinges on a rotating Boron-11 target inside a vacuum chamber at 10⁻⁶ Torr. The reaction produces three alpha particles with total kinetic energy of 8.7 MeV. Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (IEC) or dense plasma focus is used for confinement. Direct Energy Conversion: Charged alphas are intercepted by a Venetian-blind collector grid of micro-polished molybdenum with rounded edges (radius > 0.5 mm). Negative suppression grids drive secondary electrons back down, enabling sta","author":[{"family":"Blair","given":"Anthony"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22129025","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22129025","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20593834","type":"article-journal","title":"A New Paradigm for Energy Storage Based on H+/H− Counter-Transport with Asymmetric Interface Engineering(Version1.1)","abstract":"change version1.0 license To (CC BY 4.0.) This paper proposes a novel all-solid-state rechargeable battery architecture based on a symmetric structure: Graphite | H+ conductor | Hydrogen storage buffer | H- conductor | Graphite. The design aims to fully exploit the \"two-valency difference\" of hydrogen (the 2-electron potential gap between H+ and H-) for energy storage, effectively blurring the boundary between fuel cells and traditional batteries. Core Innovation: \"Reversible Combustion\" Paradigm: Unlike conventional single-ion intercalation batteries, this architecture utilizes H+ and H- simultaneously as energy carriers, reversibly combining them into H2 as an internal intermediate. Asymmetric Interface Engineering: To address internal pressure management, we introduce an asymmetric design with a kinetic decoupling parameter (κ). By optimizing the exchange current density ratio (10 < κ < 100), the H2 evolution reaction is localized at the H+-side active interface, providing a scalable and inherently safe framework. Material Feasibility: The design integrates recent breakthroughs in room-temperature hydride-ion (H-) solid conductors (2025) with established H+ conducting materials and graphite-based electrodes. This document serves as a conceptual framework for next-generation, high-safety, and high-reversibility electrochemical energy storage.","author":[{"family":"Yin","given":"Li"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20593834","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20593834","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20593835","type":"article-journal","title":"A New Paradigm for Energy Storage Based on H+/H− Counter-Transport with Asymmetric Interface Engineering","abstract":"This paper proposes a novel all-solid-state rechargeable battery architecture based on a symmetric structure: Graphite | H+ conductor | Hydrogen storage buffer | H- conductor | Graphite. The design aims to fully exploit the \"two-valency difference\" of hydrogen (the 2-electron potential gap between H+ and H-) for energy storage, effectively blurring the boundary between fuel cells and traditional batteries. Core Innovation: \"Reversible Combustion\" Paradigm: Unlike conventional single-ion intercalation batteries, this architecture utilizes H+ and H- simultaneously as energy carriers, reversibly combining them into H2 as an internal intermediate. Asymmetric Interface Engineering: To address internal pressure management, we introduce an asymmetric design with a kinetic decoupling parameter (κ). By optimizing the exchange current density ratio (10 < κ < 100), the H2 evolution reaction is localized at the H+-side active interface, providing a scalable and inherently safe framework. Material Feasibility: The design integrates recent breakthroughs in room-temperature hydride-ion (H-) solid conductors (2025) with established H+ conducting materials and graphite-based electrodes. This document serves as a conceptual framework for next-generation, high-safety, and high-reversibility electrochemical energy storage.","author":[{"family":"Yin","given":"Li"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20593835","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20593835","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19498474","type":"article-journal","title":"Grain-Boundary Stability in Solid-State Batteries Beyond Ionic Conductivity: Electronic Blocking as a Threshold-Dependent Design Criterion","abstract":"This preprint is the second article in a literature-based series on lithium penetration in solid-state batteries. The first article argued that lithium penetration is more consistently interpreted as an electrochemically amplified microstructural failure process than as a purely mechanical failure of electrolyte hardness. The present article advances a narrower claim: once threshold-dependent localized failure conditions become relevant, grain-boundary stability should not be evaluated by ionic conductivity alone. Grain-boundary electronic blocking—or, more precisely, ionic-to-electronic selectivity—must be treated as an explicit design criterion. The manuscript does not propose a proprietary material solution or map the full intervention space. Its contribution is interpretive and methodological: to identify a missing criterion in the current framing of grain-boundary optimization, while preserving a conservative, regime-dependent extension of the classical mechanical view. The paper argues that grain boundaries can become electrochemically distinct threshold sites, so a conductivity-only metric can misclassify improvement by recording transport gains while overlooking increased local permissivity for internal deposition. This work is based entirely on publicly available experimental literature and does not report new experimental data. It is intended as a preprint for scholarly discussion and citation.","author":[{"family":"Hou","given":"Hung"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19498474","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19498474","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19498475","type":"article-journal","title":"Grain-Boundary Stability in Solid-State Batteries Beyond Ionic Conductivity: Electronic Blocking as a Threshold-Dependent Design Criterion","abstract":"This preprint is the second article in a literature-based series on lithium penetration in solid-state batteries. The first article argued that lithium penetration is more consistently interpreted as an electrochemically amplified microstructural failure process than as a purely mechanical failure of electrolyte hardness. The present article advances a narrower claim: once threshold-dependent localized failure conditions become relevant, grain-boundary stability should not be evaluated by ionic conductivity alone. Grain-boundary electronic blocking—or, more precisely, ionic-to-electronic selectivity—must be treated as an explicit design criterion. The manuscript does not propose a proprietary material solution or map the full intervention space. Its contribution is interpretive and methodological: to identify a missing criterion in the current framing of grain-boundary optimization, while preserving a conservative, regime-dependent extension of the classical mechanical view. The paper argues that grain boundaries can become electrochemically distinct threshold sites, so a conductivity-only metric can misclassify improvement by recording transport gains while overlooking increased local permissivity for internal deposition. This work is based entirely on publicly available experimental literature and does not report new experimental data. It is intended as a preprint for scholarly discussion and citation.","author":[{"family":"Hou","given":"Hung"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19498475","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19498475","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20026582","type":"article-journal","title":"Motogeneradores y Calderas a Biogás","abstract":"This book presents a technical and conceptual analysis of biogas-based energy conversion systems, focusing on the integration of motogenerators and thermal boilers within decentralized energy infrastructures. It explores their role as key components in transforming organic waste into usable electrical and thermal energy across agricultural, industrial, and hybrid environments. It examines the operational principles of biogas utilization, including combustion dynamics, energy conversion efficiency, gas quality requirements, and system optimization. Particular attention is given to the interface between anaerobic digestion outputs and end-use technologies, evaluating how biogas can be effectively conditioned, distributed, and utilized for power generation, heating, and cogeneration applications. The work analyzes design configurations, performance parameters, and economic considerations for motogenerators and biogas boilers, incorporating financial modeling frameworks, cost structures, and return-on-investment scenarios. It also addresses infrastructure requirements, including upgrading systems, compression, storage, and integration into BioGNV networks and distributed mobility systems. Beyond technical implementation, the book situates biogas energy systems within broader circular economy strategies, examining their potential to reduce emissions, valorize waste streams, and create scalable, decentralized energy markets supported by evolving regulatory and ESG investment frameworks. This publication is part of the Renewable Horizons collection (2021–2026), a series dedicated to renewable energy systems, environmental integration strategies, and distributed infrastructures. Developed within PRMS Architecture Lab, this work contributes to the broader research agenda on performance-based architectural and territorial systems, where energy production, waste transformation, and economic flows are integrated as measurable metabolic processes within the built environment.","author":[{"family":"Hernandez García","given":"Oscar"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20026582","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20026582","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20026583","type":"article-journal","title":"Motogeneradores y Calderas a Biogás","abstract":"This book presents a technical and conceptual analysis of biogas-based energy conversion systems, focusing on the integration of motogenerators and thermal boilers within decentralized energy infrastructures. It explores their role as key components in transforming organic waste into usable electrical and thermal energy across agricultural, industrial, and hybrid environments. It examines the operational principles of biogas utilization, including combustion dynamics, energy conversion efficiency, gas quality requirements, and system optimization. Particular attention is given to the interface between anaerobic digestion outputs and end-use technologies, evaluating how biogas can be effectively conditioned, distributed, and utilized for power generation, heating, and cogeneration applications. The work analyzes design configurations, performance parameters, and economic considerations for motogenerators and biogas boilers, incorporating financial modeling frameworks, cost structures, and return-on-investment scenarios. It also addresses infrastructure requirements, including upgrading systems, compression, storage, and integration into BioGNV networks and distributed mobility systems. Beyond technical implementation, the book situates biogas energy systems within broader circular economy strategies, examining their potential to reduce emissions, valorize waste streams, and create scalable, decentralized energy markets supported by evolving regulatory and ESG investment frameworks. This publication is part of the Renewable Horizons collection (2021–2026), a series dedicated to renewable energy systems, environmental integration strategies, and distributed infrastructures. Developed within PRMS Architecture Lab, this work contributes to the broader research agenda on performance-based architectural and territorial systems, where energy production, waste transformation, and economic flows are integrated as measurable metabolic processes within the built environment.","author":[{"family":"Hernandez García","given":"Oscar"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20026583","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20026583","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21970532","type":"article-journal","title":"Potentiels d'Innovation pour Déployer une Finance Verte à l'Échelle Globale","abstract":"Résumé FRCe document, produit avec l’assistance de Gemini 3 Raisonnement, est publié sous licence Apache 2.0. Il constitue une publication défensive volontaire (antériorité) et entre dans l’état de la technique au sens des législations applicables (art. L 611-11 CPI / art. 54(2) CBE ; cf. 35 U.S.C. §102(a)). Il divulgue 90 modes de réalisation exécutables pour une finance verte à l’échelle mondiale : MRV temps réel IoT/jumeaux numériques, green bonds programmables avec oracles ZK, prêts liés à la durabilité déclenchés par capteurs, cat-bonds multi-aléas, tokens carbone anti-double comptage, indices biodiversité et nature (eDNA, acoustique, EO), passeports matériaux (ciment, plastiques, textiles, H₂, batteries), assurances paramétriques, optimisation privée de portefeuilles par MPC et architectures hybrides IoT-IA-DLT rendant l’écoblanchiment impossible par conception. Chaque proposition est décrite de manière exécutable, classée en IPC/CPC et accompagnée d’une preuve d’horodatage (RFC 3161 / FreeTSA). Abstract ENThis document, produced with the assistance of Gemini 3 Raisonnement, is released under the Apache 2.0 licence. It is a voluntary defensive publication (prior art) and therefore enters the prior art upon release under the applicable patent statutes: EPC Art. 54(2) (European Patent Convention), French IPC Art. L 611-11 (French Intellectual Property Code), 35 U.S.C. §102(a) (United States Patent Act), Chinese Patent Law Art. 22(5) (中华人民共和国专利法), and Japanese Patent Act Art. 29(1) (特許法). It discloses 90 enabling embodiments for scalable green finance: real-time IoT/digital-twin MRV, programmable green bonds with ZK oracles, sensor-triggered sustainability-linked loans, multi-peril cat-bonds, anti-double-counting carbon tokens, nature and biodiversity indices (eDNA, acoustics, EO), material passports (cement, plastics, textiles, H₂, batteries), parametric insurance, private MPC portfolio optimisation and hybrid IoT-AI-DLT architectures that make greenwashing impossible by design. Every proposal is described in an enabling manner, classified with IPC and CPC codes, and accompanied by timestamp proof (RFC 3161 / FreeTSA). Timestamp : 2026-08-16T22:04:48ZSHA-256 : 1b1867bcd5828075906b285d72a1fe8aff2fb933a240205cf687d9e532f5ddfb Liste des innovations & classification (IPC ; CPC) : Dynamic green loan (IoT + digital twin) – IPC G06Q 40/02 ; CPC G06Q 40/08 Programmable Green Bond 2.0 (ZK oracles) – IPC G06Q 20/06 ; CPC G06Q 40/02 Multi-sensor carbon MRV – IPC G01N 33/00 ; CPC G16Y 20/10 ZK carbon oracles – IPC H04L 9/32 ; CPC G06F 21/62 Parametric agricultural insurance – IPC G06Q 40/08 ; CPC G06Q 40/08 Multi-peril cat-bond – IPC G06Q 40/02 ; CPC G06Q 40/08 Anti-double-counting carbon token – IPC G06Q 20/382 ; CPC G06Q 20/3822 Causal explainable ESG score – IPC G06N 20/00 ; CPC G06F 18/214 Greenwashing detection – IPC G06F 18/24 ; CPC G06F 18/242 Physical risk digital twin – IPC G06F 17/50 ; CPC G06Q 40/02 Retrofit energy-savings sharing loan – IPC G06Q 50/26 ; CPC G06Q 10/063 Energy cooperative DAO – IPC G06Q 50/26 ; CPC Y02E 10/50 Fractional PPA market – IPC G06Q 40/06 ; CPC G06Q 40/02 Investable biodiversity index – IPC G01N 33/18 ; CPC G06Q 40/00 Nature credit MRV – IPC G01N 33/24 ; CPC Y02A 20/10 Interoperable ESG standard – IPC G06F 16/903 ; CPC G06F 16/957 Anti-fraud sensor edge – IPC H04L 29/06 ; CPC G06F 21/57 Calibration-as-a-Service – IPC G01D 18/00 ; CPC G01M 99/00 EO-to-financial KPI pipeline – IPC G06T 7/246 ; CPC G06Q 40/02 Traceable recyclate marketplace – IPC G06Q 10/08 ; CPC B29B 17/00 Federated risk models – IPC G06N 20/10 ; CPC G06F 21/62 Low-carbon mobility pricing – IPC G07C 5/00 ; CPC G06Q 40/08 Renewable heat finance – IPC F24D 19/10 ; CPC G06Q 40/02 Solar PAYS – IPC G01R 22/06 ; CPC G06Q 50/26 Freshwater credit – IPC G01N 33/18 ; CPC Y02A 20/40 Green KYC/AML – IPC G06Q 20/40 ; CPC G06F 21/62 Versioned ESG reference – IPC G06F 16/21 ; CPC G06F 16/903 Nature portfolio – IPC G06Q 40/00 ; CPC G06Q 40/06 Dynami","author":[{"family":"Pillet","given":"Xavier"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21970532","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21970532","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21970533","type":"article-journal","title":"Potentiels d'Innovation pour Déployer une Finance Verte à l'Échelle Globale","abstract":"Résumé FRCe document, produit avec l’assistance de Gemini 3 Raisonnement, est publié sous licence Apache 2.0. Il constitue une publication défensive volontaire (antériorité) et entre dans l’état de la technique au sens des législations applicables (art. L 611-11 CPI / art. 54(2) CBE ; cf. 35 U.S.C. §102(a)). Il divulgue 90 modes de réalisation exécutables pour une finance verte à l’échelle mondiale : MRV temps réel IoT/jumeaux numériques, green bonds programmables avec oracles ZK, prêts liés à la durabilité déclenchés par capteurs, cat-bonds multi-aléas, tokens carbone anti-double comptage, indices biodiversité et nature (eDNA, acoustique, EO), passeports matériaux (ciment, plastiques, textiles, H₂, batteries), assurances paramétriques, optimisation privée de portefeuilles par MPC et architectures hybrides IoT-IA-DLT rendant l’écoblanchiment impossible par conception. Chaque proposition est décrite de manière exécutable, classée en IPC/CPC et accompagnée d’une preuve d’horodatage (RFC 3161 / FreeTSA). Abstract ENThis document, produced with the assistance of Gemini 3 Raisonnement, is released under the Apache 2.0 licence. It is a voluntary defensive publication (prior art) and therefore enters the prior art upon release under the applicable patent statutes: EPC Art. 54(2) (European Patent Convention), French IPC Art. L 611-11 (French Intellectual Property Code), 35 U.S.C. §102(a) (United States Patent Act), Chinese Patent Law Art. 22(5) (中华人民共和国专利法), and Japanese Patent Act Art. 29(1) (特許法). It discloses 90 enabling embodiments for scalable green finance: real-time IoT/digital-twin MRV, programmable green bonds with ZK oracles, sensor-triggered sustainability-linked loans, multi-peril cat-bonds, anti-double-counting carbon tokens, nature and biodiversity indices (eDNA, acoustics, EO), material passports (cement, plastics, textiles, H₂, batteries), parametric insurance, private MPC portfolio optimisation and hybrid IoT-AI-DLT architectures that make greenwashing impossible by design. Every proposal is described in an enabling manner, classified with IPC and CPC codes, and accompanied by timestamp proof (RFC 3161 / FreeTSA). Timestamp : 2026-08-16T22:04:48ZSHA-256 : 1b1867bcd5828075906b285d72a1fe8aff2fb933a240205cf687d9e532f5ddfb Liste des innovations & classification (IPC ; CPC) : Dynamic green loan (IoT + digital twin) – IPC G06Q 40/02 ; CPC G06Q 40/08 Programmable Green Bond 2.0 (ZK oracles) – IPC G06Q 20/06 ; CPC G06Q 40/02 Multi-sensor carbon MRV – IPC G01N 33/00 ; CPC G16Y 20/10 ZK carbon oracles – IPC H04L 9/32 ; CPC G06F 21/62 Parametric agricultural insurance – IPC G06Q 40/08 ; CPC G06Q 40/08 Multi-peril cat-bond – IPC G06Q 40/02 ; CPC G06Q 40/08 Anti-double-counting carbon token – IPC G06Q 20/382 ; CPC G06Q 20/3822 Causal explainable ESG score – IPC G06N 20/00 ; CPC G06F 18/214 Greenwashing detection – IPC G06F 18/24 ; CPC G06F 18/242 Physical risk digital twin – IPC G06F 17/50 ; CPC G06Q 40/02 Retrofit energy-savings sharing loan – IPC G06Q 50/26 ; CPC G06Q 10/063 Energy cooperative DAO – IPC G06Q 50/26 ; CPC Y02E 10/50 Fractional PPA market – IPC G06Q 40/06 ; CPC G06Q 40/02 Investable biodiversity index – IPC G01N 33/18 ; CPC G06Q 40/00 Nature credit MRV – IPC G01N 33/24 ; CPC Y02A 20/10 Interoperable ESG standard – IPC G06F 16/903 ; CPC G06F 16/957 Anti-fraud sensor edge – IPC H04L 29/06 ; CPC G06F 21/57 Calibration-as-a-Service – IPC G01D 18/00 ; CPC G01M 99/00 EO-to-financial KPI pipeline – IPC G06T 7/246 ; CPC G06Q 40/02 Traceable recyclate marketplace – IPC G06Q 10/08 ; CPC B29B 17/00 Federated risk models – IPC G06N 20/10 ; CPC G06F 21/62 Low-carbon mobility pricing – IPC G07C 5/00 ; CPC G06Q 40/08 Renewable heat finance – IPC F24D 19/10 ; CPC G06Q 40/02 Solar PAYS – IPC G01R 22/06 ; CPC G06Q 50/26 Freshwater credit – IPC G01N 33/18 ; CPC Y02A 20/40 Green KYC/AML – IPC G06Q 20/40 ; CPC G06F 21/62 Versioned ESG reference – IPC G06F 16/21 ; CPC G06F 16/903 Nature portfolio – IPC G06Q 40/00 ; CPC G06Q 40/06 Dynami","author":[{"family":"Pillet","given":"Xavier"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21970533","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21970533","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19922802","type":"article-journal","title":"Energía Undimotriz y Mareomotriz","abstract":"This book presents a technical and conceptual analysis of wave and tidal energy systems, focusing on their integration into architectural and territorial infrastructures. It examines the physical principles of marine energy generation, including wave dynamics, tidal cycles, and energy conversion mechanisms, and explores their potential as distributed renewable systems within the built environment. The work is part of the Renewable Horizons collection (2021–2026), a series dedicated to renewable energy systems, environmental integration strategies, and decentralized infrastructures. Developed within PRMS Architecture Lab, this publication contributes to the broader research agenda on performance-based architectural systems, where energy is understood as a measurable and operative component of the built environment.","author":[{"family":"Hernández García","given":"Oscar"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19922802","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19922802","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19923711","type":"article-journal","title":"Energía Undimotriz y Mareomotriz","abstract":"This book presents a technical and conceptual analysis of wave and tidal energy systems, focusing on their integration into architectural and territorial infrastructures. It examines the physical principles of marine energy generation, including wave dynamics, tidal cycles, and energy conversion mechanisms, and explores their potential as distributed renewable systems within the built environment. The work is part of the Renewable Horizons collection (2021–2026), a series dedicated to renewable energy systems, environmental integration strategies, and decentralized infrastructures. Developed within PRMS Architecture Lab, this publication contributes to the broader research agenda on performance-based architectural systems, where energy is understood as a measurable and operative component of the built environment.","author":[{"family":"Hernández García","given":"Oscar"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19923711","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19923711","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20257460","type":"article-journal","title":"Renewable Energy in Sustainable Development in India","abstract":"Renewable energy has become a central pillar of India’s strategy to reconcile rapid economic growth with climate commitments and broader sustainable development goals. Drawing on recent policy developments and empirical evidence, this paper examines how the expansion of renewable energy in India contributes to sustainable development, where the main gains have been, and what challenges remain in aligning the transition with long‑term social, economic and environmental objectives. The paper pursues three interrelated objectives: (i) to trace the evolution of India’s renewable energy landscape and targets in the context of SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) and SDG 13 (Climate Action); (ii) to assess the contribution of renewables to key dimensions of sustainable development, including low‑carbon growth, energy security, energy access and employment; and (iii) to identify structural and governance constraints that could hinder a just and resilient energy transition. Methodologically, it combines a review of policy documents (National Electricity Plan, Nationally Determined Contributions, National Green Hydrogen Mission), secondary data from the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), and recent analytical studies with illustrative case examples of grid‑connected and decentralized renewable projects. India’s renewable energy capacity has grown rapidly over the past decade, with total non‑fossil fuel power capacity now exceeding 50% of the installed mix, ahead of the 2030 target, and overall renewable capacity surpassing 260 GW by early 2026. Solar power accounts for the bulk of recent additions, supported by falling costs, large solar parks and rooftop programmes, while wind, hydropower and biomass continue to play important roles. These developments advance sustainable development by reducing dependence on imported fossil fuels, lowering greenhouse gas emissions intensity in line with India’s pledge to cut emissions intensity of GDP by 45% from 2005 levels by 2030, and improving local air quality with associated health co‑benefits. At the same time, decentralized renewable energy solutions—such as mini‑grids, solar home systems, solar pumps and stand‑alone systems for schools and health centres—enhance energy access for marginalized rural populations, supporting livelihoods, education and healthcare outcomes. The analysis shows that renewable energy expansion is also generating new economic opportunities, with growth in manufacturing, project development, installation and O&M services contributing to green jobs and regional development, especially in resource‑rich states. However, the paper also highlights significant challenges that threaten to slow or skew the transition: grid integration and storage constraints for variable renewables; land conflicts and environmental concerns related to large solar and wind parks; financial stress in distribution companies; policy and regulatory volatility; and uneven distribution of benefits, with small consumers and poorer states sometimes lagging in uptake. There are also concerns about the sustainability of some hydropower and bioenergy projects where social and ecological impacts are not fully internalized. The paper argues that renewable energy can be a powerful driver of sustainable development in India when embedded within a broader framework of just transition and integrated planning. This involves strengthening grid and storage infrastructure, ensuring long‑term policy stability, scaling up decentralized and community‑owned systems, improving land and environmental governance, and using targeted financial instruments to include low‑income users and small enterprises. The conclusion emphasizes that India’s progress toward its 500 GW non‑fossil capacity and net‑zero by 2070 will be most developmentally beneficial if clean energy expansion is deliberately linked to poverty reduction, gender equity, and resilient urban and rural developmen","author":[{"family":"Adhya","given":"Dr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20257460","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20257460","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20257461","type":"article-journal","title":"Renewable Energy in Sustainable Development in India","abstract":"Renewable energy has become a central pillar of India’s strategy to reconcile rapid economic growth with climate commitments and broader sustainable development goals. Drawing on recent policy developments and empirical evidence, this paper examines how the expansion of renewable energy in India contributes to sustainable development, where the main gains have been, and what challenges remain in aligning the transition with long‑term social, economic and environmental objectives. The paper pursues three interrelated objectives: (i) to trace the evolution of India’s renewable energy landscape and targets in the context of SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) and SDG 13 (Climate Action); (ii) to assess the contribution of renewables to key dimensions of sustainable development, including low‑carbon growth, energy security, energy access and employment; and (iii) to identify structural and governance constraints that could hinder a just and resilient energy transition. Methodologically, it combines a review of policy documents (National Electricity Plan, Nationally Determined Contributions, National Green Hydrogen Mission), secondary data from the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), and recent analytical studies with illustrative case examples of grid‑connected and decentralized renewable projects. India’s renewable energy capacity has grown rapidly over the past decade, with total non‑fossil fuel power capacity now exceeding 50% of the installed mix, ahead of the 2030 target, and overall renewable capacity surpassing 260 GW by early 2026. Solar power accounts for the bulk of recent additions, supported by falling costs, large solar parks and rooftop programmes, while wind, hydropower and biomass continue to play important roles. These developments advance sustainable development by reducing dependence on imported fossil fuels, lowering greenhouse gas emissions intensity in line with India’s pledge to cut emissions intensity of GDP by 45% from 2005 levels by 2030, and improving local air quality with associated health co‑benefits. At the same time, decentralized renewable energy solutions—such as mini‑grids, solar home systems, solar pumps and stand‑alone systems for schools and health centres—enhance energy access for marginalized rural populations, supporting livelihoods, education and healthcare outcomes. The analysis shows that renewable energy expansion is also generating new economic opportunities, with growth in manufacturing, project development, installation and O&M services contributing to green jobs and regional development, especially in resource‑rich states. However, the paper also highlights significant challenges that threaten to slow or skew the transition: grid integration and storage constraints for variable renewables; land conflicts and environmental concerns related to large solar and wind parks; financial stress in distribution companies; policy and regulatory volatility; and uneven distribution of benefits, with small consumers and poorer states sometimes lagging in uptake. There are also concerns about the sustainability of some hydropower and bioenergy projects where social and ecological impacts are not fully internalized. The paper argues that renewable energy can be a powerful driver of sustainable development in India when embedded within a broader framework of just transition and integrated planning. This involves strengthening grid and storage infrastructure, ensuring long‑term policy stability, scaling up decentralized and community‑owned systems, improving land and environmental governance, and using targeted financial instruments to include low‑income users and small enterprises. The conclusion emphasizes that India’s progress toward its 500 GW non‑fossil capacity and net‑zero by 2070 will be most developmentally beneficial if clean energy expansion is deliberately linked to poverty reduction, gender equity, and resilient urban and rural developmen","author":[{"family":"Adhya","given":"Dr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20257461","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20257461","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19223998","type":"article-journal","title":"Canadian Solar Capacity Sizing Maps: A high-resolution open dataset for PV and battery storage design (564 CWEEDS Stations)","abstract":"Solar Capacity Sizing Maps and Reliability Metrics for Canada (CWEEDS 564 Stations) This comprehensive open-access dataset provides high-resolution solar photovoltaic (PV) capacity sizing maps and detailed performance metrics for all 564 Canadian weather stations in the Canadian Weather Energy and Engineering Datasets (CWEEDS). Going beyond conventional annual solar irradiance maps, this dataset delivers practical engineering guidance for solar-plus-storage system design by integrating hourly meteorological data, battery storage dynamics, and a statistical reliability framework. It is specifically designed to support renewable energy engineers, microgrid developers, and researchers developing AI-driven sizing tools. Key Features Complete national coverage across all 564 CWEEDS stations Six key performance metrics for every station and every possible PV orientation (tilt 0–90°, azimuth 0–360°): Capacity Ratio (C r ) Storage Ratio (S r ) Excess Ratio (E r ) Battery Cycling Ratio (B c ) Average charging C-rate (Bc c ) Average discharging C-rate (Bc d ) Six reliability levels (5/8σ to 3σ), corresponding to load fulfillment from ~46% to 99.97% Annual and monthly results included High-resolution visual maps (PDF) with contour plots for every station Machine-readable tabulated data (Excel/CSV) optimized for analysis and AI training Full reproducible Python source code (using pvlib) for transparency and adaptability Content of This Upload Complete dataset for all 564 Canadian stations High-resolution PDF maps (annual + monthly) Tabulated performance metrics Sample detailed results for Winnipeg International Airport (included as demonstration) Complete Python source code and documentation This resource enables users to quickly determine optimal PV and battery sizes required to meet specific reliability targets for any location in Canada. It serves as a valuable tool for solar microgrid design, techno-economic analysis, energy policy planning, and the development of next-generation AI renewable energy design agents. Citation If you use this code or the derived maps in your work, please cite the original paper (will be updated later this year when accepted for publication): Agyei-Agyemang, K.H., Bibeau, E.L. (2026). Worldwide mapping of solar resources to support the design process of microgrids: open‑access methodology and capacity sizing maps for Canada. Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Manitoba. Authors: Kwasi H. Agyei-Agyemang, Eric L. Bibeau Version: 1.0 Date: April 2026","author":[{"family":"Agyei-Agyemang","given":"Kwasi"},{"family":"Bibeau","given":"Eric"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19223998","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19223998","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19223999","type":"article-journal","title":"Canadian Solar Capacity Sizing Maps: A high-resolution open dataset for PV and battery storage design (564 CWEEDS Stations)","abstract":"Solar Capacity Sizing Maps and Reliability Metrics for Canada (CWEEDS 564 Stations) This comprehensive open-access dataset provides high-resolution solar photovoltaic (PV) capacity sizing maps and detailed performance metrics for all 564 Canadian weather stations in the Canadian Weather Energy and Engineering Datasets (CWEEDS). Going beyond conventional annual solar irradiance maps, this dataset delivers practical engineering guidance for solar-plus-storage system design by integrating hourly meteorological data, battery storage dynamics, and a statistical reliability framework. It is specifically designed to support renewable energy engineers, microgrid developers, and researchers developing AI-driven sizing tools. Key Features Complete national coverage across all 564 CWEEDS stations Six key performance metrics for every station and every possible PV orientation (tilt 0–90°, azimuth 0–360°): Capacity Ratio (C r ) Storage Ratio (S r ) Excess Ratio (E r ) Battery Cycling Ratio (B c ) Average charging C-rate (Bc c ) Average discharging C-rate (Bc d ) Six reliability levels (5/8σ to 3σ), corresponding to load fulfillment from ~46% to 99.97% Annual and monthly results included High-resolution visual maps (PDF) with contour plots for every station Machine-readable tabulated data (Excel/CSV) optimized for analysis and AI training Full reproducible Python source code (using pvlib) for transparency and adaptability Content of This Upload Complete dataset for all 564 Canadian stations High-resolution PDF maps (annual + monthly) Tabulated performance metrics Sample detailed results for Winnipeg International Airport (included as demonstration) Complete Python source code and documentation This resource enables users to quickly determine optimal PV and battery sizes required to meet specific reliability targets for any location in Canada. It serves as a valuable tool for solar microgrid design, techno-economic analysis, energy policy planning, and the development of next-generation AI renewable energy design agents. Citation If you use this code or the derived maps in your work, please cite the original paper (will be updated later this year when accepted for publication): Agyei-Agyemang, K.H., Bibeau, E.L. (2026). Worldwide mapping of solar resources to support the design process of microgrids: open‑access methodology and capacity sizing maps for Canada. Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Manitoba. Authors: Kwasi H. Agyei-Agyemang, Eric L. Bibeau Version: 1.0 Date: April 2026","author":[{"family":"Agyei-Agyemang","given":"Kwasi"},{"family":"Bibeau","given":"Eric"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19223999","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19223999","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19845167","type":"article-journal","title":"Enhancing Solar Panel Efficiency with Coatings: Sustainable Materials and Waste Management for End-of-Life Panels","abstract":"Abstract: However, there are still issues in terms of efficiency, material sustainability, and end-of-life management that need to be addressed. Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology is an essential component in the shift to renewable energy. This article investigates the development of coatings that improve panel efficiency, the utilization of environmentally friendly materials, and the implementation of recycling procedures for panels that have been decommissioned. Coatings that are anti-reflective and self-cleaning have the potential to boost energy yield by as much as 5-10%, while environmentally friendly options like as recycled carbon fiber can lessen the impact on the environment. It is possible to recover up to 95% of the materials used in panels through the implementation of waste management procedures, which include extended producer responsibility. One way to encourage a circular economy in the solar energy sector is to integrate these ideas. Keywords: Waste management, the circular economy, photovoltaics, solar panels, coatings, sustainable materials, and end-of-life recycling. Title: Enhancing Solar Panel Efficiency with Coatings: Sustainable Materials and Waste Management for End-of-Life Panels Author: Sneha, Lalit Kumar International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research ISSN 2348-6988 (online) Vol. 14, Issue 2, April 2026 - June 2026 Page No: 10-14 Research Publish Journals Website: www.researchpublish.com Published Date: 28-April-2026 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19845168 Paper Download Link (Source) https://www.researchpublish.com/papers/enhancing-solar-panel-efficiency-with-coatings-sustainable-materials-and-waste-management-for-end-of-life-panels","author":[{"family":"Sneha"},{"family":"Kumar","given":"Lalit"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19845167","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19845167","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19845168","type":"article-journal","title":"Enhancing Solar Panel Efficiency with Coatings: Sustainable Materials and Waste Management for End-of-Life Panels","abstract":"Abstract: However, there are still issues in terms of efficiency, material sustainability, and end-of-life management that need to be addressed. Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology is an essential component in the shift to renewable energy. This article investigates the development of coatings that improve panel efficiency, the utilization of environmentally friendly materials, and the implementation of recycling procedures for panels that have been decommissioned. Coatings that are anti-reflective and self-cleaning have the potential to boost energy yield by as much as 5-10%, while environmentally friendly options like as recycled carbon fiber can lessen the impact on the environment. It is possible to recover up to 95% of the materials used in panels through the implementation of waste management procedures, which include extended producer responsibility. One way to encourage a circular economy in the solar energy sector is to integrate these ideas. Keywords: Waste management, the circular economy, photovoltaics, solar panels, coatings, sustainable materials, and end-of-life recycling. Title: Enhancing Solar Panel Efficiency with Coatings: Sustainable Materials and Waste Management for End-of-Life Panels Author: Sneha, Lalit Kumar International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research ISSN 2348-6988 (online) Vol. 14, Issue 2, April 2026 - June 2026 Page No: 10-14 Research Publish Journals Website: www.researchpublish.com Published Date: 28-April-2026 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19845168 Paper Download Link (Source) https://www.researchpublish.com/papers/enhancing-solar-panel-efficiency-with-coatings-sustainable-materials-and-waste-management-for-end-of-life-panels","author":[{"family":"Sneha"},{"family":"Kumar","given":"Lalit"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19845168","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19845168","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20134538","type":"article-journal","title":"Agriculture and the Rising Ecological Footprint in Bihar: Symmetric Analysis","abstract":"Abstract: This study investigates the impact of agricultural development on the ecological footprint in Bihar, where agriculture remains central to economic growth and rural livelihoods. Using annual time-series data from 1991 to 2023, the study examines the effects of agricultural value added, renewable energy consumption, trade openness, and urbanization on environmental sustainability. Data are collected from the Global Footprint Network, World Development Indicators, and government statistical reports. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and Bounds Testing approach are employed to estimate both short-run and long-run relationships among the variables. The findings reveal that agricultural development significantly increases the ecological footprint due to intensive farming practices, excessive fertilizer use, groundwater depletion, and mechanization. Renewable energy consumption helps reduce ecological pressure, whereas trade openness contributes to environmental degradation. Urbanization shows mixed and statistically insignificant long-run effects. The study recommends adopting climate-smart agriculture, renewable energy-based irrigation, organic farming, and efficient resource management to ensure sustainable agricultural development in Bihar. Keywords: Agriculture, Ecological Footprint, ARDL, Bihar, Environmental Sustainability, Renewable Energy. Title: Agriculture and the Rising Ecological Footprint in Bihar: Symmetric Analysis Author: Dr. Manish Kumar International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Vol. 14, Issue 2, April 2026 - June 2026 Page No: 154-161 Research Publish Journals Website: www.researchpublish.com Published Date: 12-May-2026 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20134539 Paper Download Link (Source) https://www.researchpublish.com/papers/agriculture-and-the-rising-ecological-footprint-in-bihar-symmetric-analysis","author":[{"family":"Kumar","given":"Dr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20134538","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20134538","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20134539","type":"article-journal","title":"Agriculture and the Rising Ecological Footprint in Bihar: Symmetric Analysis","abstract":"Abstract: This study investigates the impact of agricultural development on the ecological footprint in Bihar, where agriculture remains central to economic growth and rural livelihoods. Using annual time-series data from 1991 to 2023, the study examines the effects of agricultural value added, renewable energy consumption, trade openness, and urbanization on environmental sustainability. Data are collected from the Global Footprint Network, World Development Indicators, and government statistical reports. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and Bounds Testing approach are employed to estimate both short-run and long-run relationships among the variables. The findings reveal that agricultural development significantly increases the ecological footprint due to intensive farming practices, excessive fertilizer use, groundwater depletion, and mechanization. Renewable energy consumption helps reduce ecological pressure, whereas trade openness contributes to environmental degradation. Urbanization shows mixed and statistically insignificant long-run effects. The study recommends adopting climate-smart agriculture, renewable energy-based irrigation, organic farming, and efficient resource management to ensure sustainable agricultural development in Bihar. Keywords: Agriculture, Ecological Footprint, ARDL, Bihar, Environmental Sustainability, Renewable Energy. Title: Agriculture and the Rising Ecological Footprint in Bihar: Symmetric Analysis Author: Dr. Manish Kumar International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Vol. 14, Issue 2, April 2026 - June 2026 Page No: 154-161 Research Publish Journals Website: www.researchpublish.com Published Date: 12-May-2026 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20134539 Paper Download Link (Source) https://www.researchpublish.com/papers/agriculture-and-the-rising-ecological-footprint-in-bihar-symmetric-analysis","author":[{"family":"Kumar","given":"Dr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20134539","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20134539","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21893885","type":"article-journal","title":"Governing the Integration, Not the Technology: A Seven-Pillar Governance Architecture for Responsible Agrivoltaics in Africa","abstract":"Agrivoltaic systems are now technically validated across multiple continents, yet deployment in African economies remains concentrated in pilots that do not progress to nationally governable, financeable platforms. Version 1.0 of the Hafez Framework, published in May 2026, argued that this constraint is architectural rather than technological, and set out an initial set of governance principles addressing auditability, blended finance readiness, food-energy-water integration, institutional compatibility and embedded environmental, social and governance considerations. This paper advances that argument from positioning to structure. The paper does three things. First, it establishes the regulatory gap through a comparative reading of the instruments that currently define agrivoltaics in law and technical standards, principally in Germany, France, Italy and selected United States jurisdictions, and shows that these instruments share a design assumption that does not hold in most African contexts: that agricultural land is held under documented individual freehold or lease title, and that a single agricultural ministry can verify agronomic performance. Second, it restructures the Hafez Framework into seven governance pillars supported by two cross-cutting principles, with each pillar anchored to an identifiable international instrument rather than to assertion. Third, it converts the framework into two usable governance instruments: an Agrivoltaics Qualification Gate that distinguishes responsible agrivoltaics from solar development sited on farmland, and a five-level Governance Maturity Model intended as a basis for investment screening, policy incentives and future certification. The central claim is that the qualifying question for African agrivoltaics is not how much renewable capacity can be installed on agricultural land, but whether the combined food, water, energy and land outcomes of a given hectare can be governed, verified and financed as a single system. The framework is presented as a governance architecture and investment-readiness instrument, not as a technical design standard, and its principal limitation is stated plainly: it has been constructed through comparative document analysis and has not yet been validated against operating project data. This is Version 2.0. Section 4 of the paper publishes a full crosswalk showing where every principle named in Version 1.0 (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20111859) sits in this version. No principle published in Version 1.0 has been withdrawn.","author":[{"family":"Hafez","given":"Zeinab"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21893885","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21893885","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21702924","type":"article-journal","title":"ნეტ ბილინგის ინტეგრაციის პერსპექტივები საქართველოში და მისი გავლენა განახლებადი (მზის) ენერგეტიკის განვითარებაზე","abstract":"დღეს საქართველოში ერთ-ერთი მთავარი გამოწვევა ენერგეტიკული დამოუკიდებლობის უზრუნველყოფა და განახლებადი რესურსების, განსაკუთრებით მზის ენერგიის ეფექტიანი გამოყენებაა. ენერგეტიკული სექტორი გარდამავალ ეტაპზეა, სადაც პრიორიტეტს წარმოადგენს ენერგოუსაფრთხოება, კლიმატური ვალდებულებების შესრულება და მდგრადი განვითარების ხელშეწყობა. მიუხედავად მზის ენერგიის მაღალი პოტენციალისა და მზარდი ინტერესისა, ნეტ ბილინგის სისტემა ჯერაც საწყის ეტაპზეა და პრაქტიკაში სრულად არ ფუნქციონირებს. ნაშრომი განიხილავს ნეტ ბილინგის ინტეგრაციის პერსპექტივებს საქართველოში და აანალიზებს მის შესაძლო გავლენას როგორც მზის ენერგეტიკის განვითარებაზე, ისე ენერგოდამოუკიდებლობის გაძლიერებასა და მომხმარებელთა აქტიურ ჩართულობაზე განახლებადი ენერგიისკენ მიმართულ გარდაქმნის პროცესში კვლევა არის ერთ-ერთი პირველი მცდელობა საქართველოში, რომელიც ნეტ ბილინგის ს���კითხს განიხილავს არა მხოლოდ ტექნიკური ან ეკონომიკური კუთხით, არამედ სოციალურ და პოლიტიკურ კონტექსტში, რითაც ხელს უწყობს დისკურსიის განვითარებას განახლებადი ენერგიის თემაზე. ნაშრომის დასკვნები შესაძლოა გამოყენებულ იქნას როგორც პოლიტიკის შემმუშავებლების, ისე კერძო სექტორისა და სამოქალაქო საზოგადოების მიერ, განახლებადი ენერგიის პოპულარიზაციისა და შესაბამისი სტრატეგიული ჩარჩოების ფორმირებისთვის. ნეტ ბილინგის დანერგვა განსაკუთრებით მნიშვნელოვანია საქართველოში, სადაც მზარდი დამოკიდებულება იმპორტირებულ ელექტროენერგიაზე და რეგიონალური ენერგორისკები აჩენს აუცილებლობას, განვითარდეს ლოკალური გენერაცია და მოხდეს ენერგოდამოუკიდებლობის გაძლიერება. კვლევა განხორციელდა ორ ეტაპად. პირველ რიგში ჩატარდალიტერატურის მიმოხილვა, რომლის ფარგლებშიც გაანალიზდა ნეტ ბილინგის მოდელის თეორიული საფუძველი და საერთაშორისო პრაქტიკა. განსაკუთრებული ყურადღება დაეთმო საქართველოს ევროინტეგრაციის პროცესს: ასოცირების ხელშეკრულებას, რომელიც ქვეყანას ავალდებულებს ენერგეტიკული პოლიტიკის ჰარმონიზაციას ევროკავშირის რეგულაციებთან, მეოთხე ენერგეტიკულ პაკეტს და პარიზის შეთანხმებას, როგორც კლიმატური ვალდებულებების საფუძველს. ამ კონტექსტში ნეტ ბილინგი განიხილება არა მხოლოდ როგორც ტექნიკური მექანიზმი, არამედ როგორც ევროკავშირთან დაახლოების ინსტრუმენტი. კვლევის მეორე ეტაპი ემყარებოდა თვისებრივ მეთოდს და მოიცავდა სიღრმისეულ ინტერვიუებს მარეგულირებელი ორგანოს, კერძო სექტორისა და მომხმარებლის დონეზე. შედეგებმა აჩვენა, რომ მიუხედავად სისტემის დადებითი შეფასებისა, არსებობს სერიოზული ბარიერები - არასრულყოფილი სამართლებრივი ჩარჩო, ჭკვიანი გამრიცხველიანების არარსებობა და მომხმარებელთა ინფორმირებულობის დაბალი დონე. ამავდროულად, მომხმარებელის მხრიდან გამოითქვა ინტერესი ისეთი ტექნოლოგიური გადაწყვეტილებების მიმართ, როგორიცაა მობილური აპლიკაცია, რომელიც რეალურ დროში აჩვენებს ენერგიის წარმოებასა და მოხმარებას. ეს ინიციატივა ხაზს უსვამს საჭიროებას, რომ სახელმწიფო სტრუქტურებმა ხელი შეუწყონ ციფრული ინსტრუმენტების განვითარებასაც. დასასრულს, ნაშრომი გვთავაზობს რეკომენდაციებს, რომლებიც მიმართულია რეგულაციების გაუმჯობესების, საინფორმაციო კამპანიების გაძლიერების, ტექნოლოგიური ინფრასტრუქტურის გაძლიერებისა და მომხმარებელთა ჩართულობის წახალისებისკენ. One of the main challenges, currently facing Georgia is achieving energy independence and effective usage of its renewable resources, especially solar energy. The energy sector is undergoing a transitional phase, prioritizing ensuring energy security, meeting climate obligations, and supporting sustainable development. Despite high solar potential and rising interest in this sector, net billing system stays at the beginner stage and is not fully operational in practice. This thesis explores the perspectives of integrating the net billing system in Georgia and analyzes its potential impact on the development of solar energy, strengthens energy independence and encourages consumer participation in transitioning towards renewable energy. This research represents one of the first attempts in Georgia to examine net billing not only from a technical and economic perspective, but also within a social and political context, which contributes to the discourse of the countries renewable energy development. The findings of the thesis may be used by politic mak","author":[{"family":"Tarkhnishvili","given":"Tamar"},{"family":"Melikidze","given":"Maia"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21702924","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21702924","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21702925","type":"article-journal","title":"ნეტ ბილინგის ინტეგრაციის პერსპექტივები საქართველოში და მისი გავლენა განახლებადი (მზის) ენერგეტიკის განვითარებაზე","abstract":"დღეს საქართველოში ერთ-ერთი მთავარი გამოწვევა ენერგეტიკული დამოუკიდებლობის უზრუნველყოფა და განახლებადი რესურსების, განსაკუთრებით მზის ენერგიის ეფექტიანი გამოყენებაა. ენერგეტიკული სექტორი გარდამავალ ეტაპზეა, სადაც პრიორიტეტს წარმოადგენს ენერგოუსაფრთხოება, კლიმატური ვალდებულებების შესრულება და მდგრადი განვითარების ხელშეწყობა. მიუხედავად მზის ენერგიის მაღალი პოტენციალისა და მზარდი ინტერესისა, ნეტ ბილინგის სისტემა ჯერაც საწყის ეტაპზეა და პრაქტიკაში სრულად არ ფუნქციონირებს. ნაშრომი განიხილავს ნეტ ბილინგის ინტეგრაციის პერსპექტივებს საქართველოში და აანალიზებს მის შესაძლო გავლენას როგორც მზის ენერგეტიკის განვითარებაზე, ისე ენერგოდამოუკიდებლობის გაძლიერებასა და მომხმარებელთა აქტიურ ჩართულობაზე განახლებადი ენერგიისკენ მიმართულ გარდაქმნის პროცესში კვლევა არის ერთ-ერთი პირველი მცდელობა საქართველოში, რომელიც ნეტ ბილინგის საკითხს განიხილავს არა მხოლოდ ტექნიკური ან ეკონომიკური კუთხით, არამედ სოციალურ და პოლიტიკურ კონტექსტში, რითაც ხელს უწყობს დისკურსიის განვითარებას განახლებადი ენერგიის თემაზე. ნაშრომის დასკვნები შესაძლოა გამოყენებულ იქნას როგორც პოლიტიკის შემმუშავებლების, ისე კერძო სექტორისა და სამოქალაქო საზოგადოების მიერ, განახლებადი ენერგიის პოპულარიზაციისა და შესაბამისი სტრატეგიული ჩარჩოების ფორმირებისთვის. ნეტ ბილინგის დანერგვა განსაკუთრებით მნიშვნელოვანია საქართველოში, სადაც მზარდი დამოკიდებულება იმპორტირებულ ელექტროენერგიაზე და რეგიონალური ენერგორისკები აჩენს აუცილებლობას, განვითარდეს ლოკალური გენერაცია და მოხდეს ენერგოდამოუკიდებლობის გაძლიერება. კვლევა განხორციელდა ორ ეტაპად. პირველ რიგში ჩატარდალიტერატურის მიმოხილვა, რომლის ფარგლებშიც გაანალიზდა ნეტ ბილინგის მოდელის თეორიული საფუძველი და საერთაშორისო პრაქტიკა. განსაკუთრებული ყურადღება დაეთმო საქართველოს ევროინტეგრაციის პროცესს: ასოცირების ხელშეკრულებას, რომელიც ქვეყანას ავალდებულებს ენერგეტიკული პოლიტიკის ჰარმონიზაციას ევროკავშირის რეგულაციებთან, მეოთხე ენერგეტიკულ პაკეტს და პარიზის შეთანხმებას, როგორც კლი���ატური ვალდებულებების საფუძველს. ამ კონტექსტში ნეტ ბილინგი განიხილება არა მხოლოდ როგორც ტექნიკური მექანიზმი, არამედ როგორც ევროკავშირთან დაახლოების ინსტრუმენტი. კვლევის მეორე ეტაპი ემყარებოდა თვისებრივ მეთოდს და მოიცავდა სიღრმისეულ ინტერვიუებს მარეგულირებელი ორგანოს, კერძო სექტორისა და მომხმარებლის დონეზე. შედეგებმა აჩვენა, რომ მიუხედავად სისტემის დადებითი შეფასებისა, არსებობს სერიოზული ბარიერები - არასრულყოფილი სამართლებრივი ჩარჩო, ჭკვიანი გამრიცხველიანების არარსებობა და მომხმარებელთა ინფორმირებულობის დაბალი დონე. ამავდროულად, მომხმარებელის მხრიდან გამოითქვა ინტერესი ისეთი ტექნოლოგიური გადაწყვეტილებების მიმართ, როგორიცაა მობილური აპლიკაცია, რომელიც რეალურ დროში აჩვენებს ენერგიის წარმოებასა და მოხმარებას. ეს ინიციატივა ხაზს უსვამს საჭიროებას, რომ სახელმწიფო სტრუქტურებმა ხელი შეუწყონ ციფრული ინსტრუმენტების განვითარებასაც. დასასრულს, ნაშრომი გვთავაზობს რეკომენდაციებს, რომლებიც მიმართულია რეგულაციების გაუმჯობესების, საინფორმაციო კამპანიების გაძლიერების, ტექნოლოგიური ინფრასტრუქტურის გაძლიერებისა და მომხმარებელთა ჩართულობის წახალისებისკენ. One of the main challenges, currently facing Georgia is achieving energy independence and effective usage of its renewable resources, especially solar energy. The energy sector is undergoing a transitional phase, prioritizing ensuring energy security, meeting climate obligations, and supporting sustainable development. Despite high solar potential and rising interest in this sector, net billing system stays at the beginner stage and is not fully operational in practice. This thesis explores the perspectives of integrating the net billing system in Georgia and analyzes its potential impact on the development of solar energy, strengthens energy independence and encourages consumer participation in transitioning towards renewable energy. This research represents one of the first attempts in Georgia to examine net billing not only from a technical and economic perspective, but also within a social and political context, which contributes to the discourse of the countries renewable energy development. The findings of the thesis may be used by politic mak","author":[{"family":"Tarkhnishvili","given":"Tamar"},{"family":"Melikidze","given":"Maia"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21702925","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21702925","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20455666","type":"article-journal","title":"Llama3 and Domain-Specific Models for High-Frequency Renewable Energy Forecasting","abstract":"This report synthesises findings from 13 peer-reviewed papers addressing the following research question: How does the forecasting accuracy of Llama3 compare to domain-specific models like Prophet or ARIMA when evaluated on high-frequency renewable energy time-series data (e.g., minute-level solar power. This study evaluates and differentiates five advanced machine learning models---LSTM, GRU, CNN-LSTM, Random Forest, and SVR---aimed at precisely estimating solar and wind power generation to enhance renewable energy forecasting. LSTM achieved a remarkable Mean Squared Error (MSE) of. 9 claims were extracted from source literature; 7 were independently verified against retrieved documents. An automated multi-reviewer quality assessment produced a score of 7.5/10. This report is a machine-generated literature synthesis and does not constitute original research. Research goal: How does the forecasting accuracy of Llama3 compare to domain-specific models like Prophet or ARIMA when evaluated on high-frequency renewable energy time-series data (e.g., minute-level solar power output) and measured using RMSE or MAE? Autonomous literature synthesis. Automated review score: 7.5/10. Full text and citation available at Assignee Research.","author":[{"family":"Research","given":"Assignee"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20455666","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20455666","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20455667","type":"article-journal","title":"Llama3 and Domain-Specific Models for High-Frequency Renewable Energy Forecasting","abstract":"This report synthesises findings from 13 peer-reviewed papers addressing the following research question: How does the forecasting accuracy of Llama3 compare to domain-specific models like Prophet or ARIMA when evaluated on high-frequency renewable energy time-series data (e.g., minute-level solar power. This study evaluates and differentiates five advanced machine learning models---LSTM, GRU, CNN-LSTM, Random Forest, and SVR---aimed at precisely estimating solar and wind power generation to enhance renewable energy forecasting. LSTM achieved a remarkable Mean Squared Error (MSE) of. 9 claims were extracted from source literature; 7 were independently verified against retrieved documents. An automated multi-reviewer quality assessment produced a score of 7.5/10. This report is a machine-generated literature synthesis and does not constitute original research. Research goal: How does the forecasting accuracy of Llama3 compare to domain-specific models like Prophet or ARIMA when evaluated on high-frequency renewable energy time-series data (e.g., minute-level solar power output) and measured using RMSE or MAE? Autonomous literature synthesis. Automated review score: 7.5/10. Full text and citation available at Assignee Research.","author":[{"family":"Research","given":"Assignee"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20455667","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20455667","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20441547","type":"article-journal","title":"What is the percentage drop in zero-shot forecasting accuracy for Llama3 when evaluated on cross-domain time-s","abstract":"Rapid developments in large language models (LLMs) have created new opportunities for their use in the energy sector, from forecasting renewable energy to power system operation and energy market analysis. These models help improve decision-making, anomaly detection, and optimization procedures in intricate energy systems by using vast amounts of structured and unstructured data. This study provides a comprehensive review of the LLM origins, evaluation, and fine-tuning techniques as well as their integration into energy systems, including their application in fault detection and diagnosis, ene Research goal: What is the percentage drop in zero-shot forecasting accuracy for Llama3 when evaluated on cross-domain time-series anomalies compared to its in-domain performance? Autonomous synthesis report generated by SOVEREIGN Research Kernel. Tribunal consensus score: 8.5/10.","author":[{"family":"Kernel","given":"Sovereign"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20441547","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20441547","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20441548","type":"article-journal","title":"What is the percentage drop in zero-shot forecasting accuracy for Llama3 when evaluated on cross-domain time-s","abstract":"Rapid developments in large language models (LLMs) have created new opportunities for their use in the energy sector, from forecasting renewable energy to power system operation and energy market analysis. These models help improve decision-making, anomaly detection, and optimization procedures in intricate energy systems by using vast amounts of structured and unstructured data. This study provides a comprehensive review of the LLM origins, evaluation, and fine-tuning techniques as well as their integration into energy systems, including their application in fault detection and diagnosis, ene Research goal: What is the percentage drop in zero-shot forecasting accuracy for Llama3 when evaluated on cross-domain time-series anomalies compared to its in-domain performance? Autonomous synthesis report generated by SOVEREIGN Research Kernel. Tribunal consensus score: 8.5/10.","author":[{"family":"Kernel","given":"Sovereign"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20441548","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20441548","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.15488/22403","type":"article-journal","title":"A new Cyclic Overlay Model for the Design of Laterally Loaded Monopiles","abstract":"Wind energy is regarded as one of the most promising renewable energy sources for reducing reliance on fossil fuels, and offshore wind development has been actively promoted across Europe. In the German North Sea, monopiles constitute the dominant foundation type for offshore wind turbines. As a result, achieving a foundation design that is both structurally reliable and economically efficient has become a key challenge in offshore geotechnical engineering, particularly under cyclic environmental loading conditions. In engineering practice, the p-y curve method is widely employed for the design of laterally loaded monopiles, as it allows local soil reactions and internal pile forces to be evaluated in a depth-dependent manner. This doctoral thesis therefore begins with a comprehensive review and comparative assessment of existing static p-y based design approaches. However, static design methods alone are insufficient for offshore applications, where monopile foundations are subjected to cyclic lateral loads induced by wind and waves. Although numerous cyclic extensions have been proposed in the literature, many of these approaches are limited by restrictive assumptions regarding load cycles, soil behavior, or pile geometry, highlighting the need for a more general and adaptable framework. Motivated by these limitations, a novel semi-analytical framework, termed the Cyclic Overlay Model (COM), is developed in this dissertation. The model is derived from finite element simulations employing the Stiffness Degradation Method (SDM), which has been shown in previous studies to provide a consistent description of pile-soil response under cyclic loading. The COM modifies arbitrary static p-y curves through an overlay formulation to account for cyclic effects, while retaining compatibility with standard design procedures. A preliminary investigation is conducted to examine potential correlations between SDM regression parameters and sand grain-size distribution characteristics. While such correlations are observed, they are not explicitly incorporated into the present formulation in order to preserve the general applicability of the COM to different static p-y models. The model requires only a limited set of input parameters, including pile geometry, load eccentricity, number of load cycles, and relative density, and enables the derivation of depth-dependent cyclic p-y curves. To account for the influence of load level, an improved formulation is introduced based on segmented SDM calculations, allowing cyclic displacement accumulation to be adjusted explicitly with respect to load intensity. The proposed framework is validated against large-scale experimental tests (Ho-Pile) conducted on a prototype monopile (D = 1520 mm), as well as against small-scale test results reported in the literature. Good agreement is obtained, particularly within load ranges representative of offshore monopile applications. In summary, the Cyclic Overlay Model provides a flexible and practical semi-analytical tool for extending static p-y methods to cyclic loading conditions. While certain effects, such as pile installation, are beyond the scope of the present study, the proposed framework establishes a consistent basis for future developments and contributes to a more rational design of monopile foundations under cyclic lateral loads.","author":[{"family":"Song","given":"Junnan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.15488/22403","URL":"https://doi.org/10.15488/22403","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19792612","type":"article-journal","title":"Future Energy Storage: Comparative Analysis of Key Battery Technologies","abstract":"Energy storage plays a pivotal role in enabling the transition to a sustainable energy future by supporting renewable energy integration and ensuring grid reliability. This work provides a comprehensive review of advanced energy storage technologies, including Electrolysis and Fuel Cell Cycles (E&FCC), Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs), Sodium-Ion Batteries (SIBs), Solid-State Batteries (SSBs), Redox Flow Batteries (RFBs), and Organic Solid-Flow Batteries (OSFBs). Each technology is evaluated based on key performance indicators such as energy density, efficiency, cycle life, cost, scalability, and environmental impact. We analyze the advantages and challenges associated with each system, highlighting their suitability for different applications ranging from portable electronics to large-scale grid storage. E&FCCs are noted for their long-term energy storage potential, though high initial costs limit their widespread deployment. LIBs remain dominant for portable and vehicle applications, but sustainability concerns must be addressed. SSBs offer superior energy density but face cost and scalability challenges. SIBs and OSFBs provide a balance between cost-effectiveness and performance for medium-scale applications. RFBs excel in longevity, making them ideal for grid storage despite their lower energy density. This review ultimately highlights the trade-offs between energy storage systems and provides insights into future directions for improving performance, efficiency, and sustainability in energy storage technologies.","author":[{"family":"Saylam","given":"Ahmad"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19792612","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19792612","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19792613","type":"article-journal","title":"Future Energy Storage: Comparative Analysis of Key Battery Technologies","abstract":"Energy storage plays a pivotal role in enabling the transition to a sustainable energy future by supporting renewable energy integration and ensuring grid reliability. This work provides a comprehensive review of advanced energy storage technologies, including Electrolysis and Fuel Cell Cycles (E&FCC), Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs), Sodium-Ion Batteries (SIBs), Solid-State Batteries (SSBs), Redox Flow Batteries (RFBs), and Organic Solid-Flow Batteries (OSFBs). Each technology is evaluated based on key performance indicators such as energy density, efficiency, cycle life, cost, scalability, and environmental impact. We analyze the advantages and challenges associated with each system, highlighting their suitability for different applications ranging from portable electronics to large-scale grid storage. E&FCCs are noted for their long-term energy storage potential, though high initial costs limit their widespread deployment. LIBs remain dominant for portable and vehicle applications, but sustainability concerns must be addressed. SSBs offer superior energy density but face cost and scalability challenges. SIBs and OSFBs provide a balance between cost-effectiveness and performance for medium-scale applications. RFBs excel in longevity, making them ideal for grid storage despite their lower energy density. This review ultimately highlights the trade-offs between energy storage systems and provides insights into future directions for improving performance, efficiency, and sustainability in energy storage technologies.","author":[{"family":"Saylam","given":"Ahmad"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19792613","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19792613","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20362896","type":"article-journal","title":"SFM-2026-020","abstract":"This paper derives an analytical expression for the critical current density of solid-state batteries from the gradient-driven vacancy/ion interface degradation unified framework, transforming the Nvi-battery criterion into a quantitative engineering tool. The derivation establishes a complete quantitative chain from material parameters and operating conditions to dendrite nucleation risk. An explicit temperature-dependent expression, a parameterized grain size non-monotonic effect, a transient correction framework for high C-rates, and a statistical correction for grain boundary diffusion enhancement factor heterogeneity are provided. A systematic comparison with existing J_crit theories (mechanical criterion, space charge layer criterion) is presented, with a recommended strategy of taking the minimum of all three criteria as the safe design upper limit. Order-of-magnitude estimates using published LLZO and LGPS parameters are consistent with experimental observations.","author":[{"family":"Fire","given":"Passer"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20362896","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20362896","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20362897","type":"article-journal","title":"SFM-2026-020","abstract":"This paper derives an analytical expression for the critical current density of solid-state batteries from the gradient-driven vacancy/ion interface degradation unified framework, transforming the Nvi-battery criterion into a quantitative engineering tool. The derivation establishes a complete quantitative chain from material parameters and operating conditions to dendrite nucleation risk. An explicit temperature-dependent expression, a parameterized grain size non-monotonic effect, a transient correction framework for high C-rates, and a statistical correction for grain boundary diffusion enhancement factor heterogeneity are provided. A systematic comparison with existing J_crit theories (mechanical criterion, space charge layer criterion) is presented, with a recommended strategy of taking the minimum of all three criteria as the safe design upper limit. Order-of-magnitude estimates using published LLZO and LGPS parameters are consistent with experimental observations.","author":[{"family":"Fire","given":"Passer"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20362897","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20362897","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20362846","type":"article-journal","title":"SFM-2026-017","abstract":"This paper argues that solid electrolyte grain boundaries are two-dimensional fast diffusion channels for lithium ions and vacancies, with the diffusion enhancement factor making the local Nvi-battery value far higher than that of the bulk material, leading to preferential dendrite growth along grain boundaries. Quantitative estimates of the grain boundary diffusion enhancement factor are provided, and a complete physical isomorphism argument is established with the interlayer interface degradation mechanism in L-PBF CuCrZr alloy. The dendrite sensitivity of different solid electrolyte systems is compared, and cross-domain intervention strategy correspondences from copper alloy process parameters to solid electrolyte preparation parameters are explicitly tabulated. Grain boundary mechanical brittleness and electronic conductivity enhancement are discussed as additional synergistic factors.","author":[{"family":"Fire","given":"Passer"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20362846","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20362846","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20362847","type":"article-journal","title":"SFM-2026-017","abstract":"This paper argues that solid electrolyte grain boundaries are two-dimensional fast diffusion channels for lithium ions and vacancies, with the diffusion enhancement factor making the local Nvi-battery value far higher than that of the bulk material, leading to preferential dendrite growth along grain boundaries. Quantitative estimates of the grain boundary diffusion enhancement factor are provided, and a complete physical isomorphism argument is established with the interlayer interface degradation mechanism in L-PBF CuCrZr alloy. The dendrite sensitivity of different solid electrolyte systems is compared, and cross-domain intervention strategy correspondences from copper alloy process parameters to solid electrolyte preparation parameters are explicitly tabulated. Grain boundary mechanical brittleness and electronic conductivity enhancement are discussed as additional synergistic factors.","author":[{"family":"Fire","given":"Passer"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20362847","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20362847","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20362880","type":"article-journal","title":"SFM-2026-019","abstract":"This paper systematically discloses a set of experimental validation methods for testing the applicability of the gradient-driven ion/vacancy interface degradation unified framework in solid-state batteries. The validation scheme covers five core directions: AE verification of dendrite critical fluctuation precursors, statistical testing of spatial correlation between dendrite nucleation sites and grain boundaries, verification of grain boundary orientation anisotropy, multi-current-density and temperature-dependent experimental calibration of the Nvi-battery critical value, and evaluation of the immunological post-processing effect of pre-implanted nanoparticles. Blind experiment designs, raw data publication requirements, and a joint validation statistical framework with Holm-Bonferroni correction are incorporated. Standardized measurement methods for material parameters and a standardized AE sensor calibration protocol (Hsu-Nielsen pencil lead break method) are provided in appendices.","author":[{"family":"Fire","given":"Passer"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20362880","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20362880","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20362881","type":"article-journal","title":"SFM-2026-019","abstract":"This paper systematically discloses a set of experimental validation methods for testing the applicability of the gradient-driven ion/vacancy interface degradation unified framework in solid-state batteries. The validation scheme covers five core directions: AE verification of dendrite critical fluctuation precursors, statistical testing of spatial correlation between dendrite nucleation sites and grain boundaries, verification of grain boundary orientation anisotropy, multi-current-density and temperature-dependent experimental calibration of the Nvi-battery critical value, and evaluation of the immunological post-processing effect of pre-implanted nanoparticles. Blind experiment designs, raw data publication requirements, and a joint validation statistical framework with Holm-Bonferroni correction are incorporated. Standardized measurement methods for material parameters and a standardized AE sensor calibration protocol (Hsu-Nielsen pencil lead break method) are provided in appendices.","author":[{"family":"Fire","given":"Passer"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20362881","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20362881","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22038087","type":"article-journal","title":"Mechanically Addressed Electrochemical Storage:  A Segmented Tape Architecture for Localized Ion Transport","abstract":"Instead of transporting ions to storage, we transport storage to the reaction zone. This inversion of the conventional transport paradigm stems from a simple, foundational question: Are ions inherently bound to move only by diffusion? Rather than requiring ions to traverse increasingly long and heterogeneous pathways, the proposed architecture mechanically addresses discrete storage segments to a localized electrochemical reaction zone. This spatial decoupling of storage and reaction introduces a new design space in which total storage capacity can, in principle, be scaled through the extent of the storage medium while local electrochemical transport remains governed primarily by the segment-scale geometry. In this architecture, only a thin segment of the tape (coating thickness δ ∼ 40 µm) participates in the electrochemical reaction at any given moment, while the remainder ofthe storage medium remains electrically isolated and physically separated from thestationary reaction zone. This separation of scales—storage length Lstorage ≫ δ— allows the total storage capacity to scale independently of the local diffusion time. We develop a quantitative framework relating coating thickness, segment geometry,dwell time, mechanical indexing time, power, and energy capacity. The architecture offers potential advantages in modularity, maintainability, and localization of transport losses, while identifying mechanical indexing and system-level energy density as key engineering challenges.","author":[{"family":"Yin","given":"Li"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22038087","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22038087","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22038088","type":"article-journal","title":"Mechanically Addressed Electrochemical Storage:  A Segmented Tape Architecture for Localized Ion Transport","abstract":"Instead of transporting ions to storage, we transport storage to the reaction zone. This inversion of the conventional transport paradigm stems from a simple, foundational question: Are ions inherently bound to move only by diffusion? Rather than requiring ions to traverse increasingly long and heterogeneous pathways, the proposed architecture mechanically addresses discrete storage segments to a localized electrochemical reaction zone. This spatial decoupling of storage and reaction introduces a new design space in which total storage capacity can, in principle, be scaled through the extent of the storage medium while local electrochemical transport remains governed primarily by the segment-scale geometry. In this architecture, only a thin segment of the tape (coating thickness δ ∼ 40 µm) participates in the electrochemical reaction at any given moment, while the remainder ofthe storage medium remains electrically isolated and physically separated from thestationary reaction zone. This separation of scales—storage length Lstorage ≫ δ— allows the total storage capacity to scale independently of the local diffusion time. We develop a quantitative framework relating coating thickness, segment geometry,dwell time, mechanical indexing time, power, and energy capacity. The architecture offers potential advantages in modularity, maintainability, and localization of transport losses, while identifying mechanical indexing and system-level energy density as key engineering challenges.","author":[{"family":"Yin","given":"Li"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22038088","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22038088","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22024281","type":"article-journal","title":"Top 10 Laundry App Development Companies in Ohio (2026)","abstract":"A laundry app looks like the easiest thing on this list of app categories. Pick a service, choose a pickup window, pay, done. Four screens. Anyone can build four screens. Then the driver arrives at an apartment building in Clintonville at 7pm, the customer isn't home, the bag is sitting in a hallway, and nobody has decided whether the app permits an unattended pickup, who is liable if the bag vanishes, or what happens to the route timing now that this stop took eleven minutes instead of three. Three weeks later a customer opens a dispute over a missing dress shirt, and the only evidence anyone has is a photograph taken in bad light and a weight recorded at the plant that doesn't match the estimate quoted in the app. That is what laundry software actually is. It is a logistics and reconciliation product wearing a consumer app costume, and the companies that build it well are the ones who understood that before they started. Ohio is a genuinely interesting market for this. The state has three dense metros with different economics — Columbus with a large student and young-renter population around Ohio State, Cleveland with a healthcare and hospitality commercial-laundry base, Cincinnati with a strong mid-market business services sector — plus real winters that wreck route reliability for four months a year. Operators here are usually building something that has to work for both residential subscribers and commercial contracts, which is a harder software problem than either one alone. The number that decides everything is stops per hour Before evaluating any development partner, it helps to know which metric your software is actually being built to move. For a pickup-and-delivery laundry business it is route density — how many stops a driver completes per hour, and how close together those stops are. A driver doing four stops an hour across scattered addresses and a driver doing twelve in a tight radius are the difference between a business that loses money on every order and one that works. Nothing else on the P&L moves as much. This has a direct consequence for the product, and it is the thing most laundry app builds get wrong. Software that treats a service area as one uniform zone will accept an order from anywhere inside it, which quietly destroys density every time it happens. Software built properly does the opposite: it constrains availability by zone and by day, it makes the cheap-to-serve time slots more attractive than the expensive ones, and it clusters new customers into neighbourhoods where a route already exists rather than scattering them across a metro. In Ohio terms, that is the difference between an operator profitably serving the dense rental corridors around campus and the near-east side, and one burning fuel driving between Powell and Reynoldsburg for two orders. Ask a prospective partner how their scheduling system protects route density. If they have not considered the question, they are building a booking form. Here are ten development companies worth evaluating, and what each is genuinely suited to. 1. Dev Technosys Dev Technosys is first on this list for a reason that becomes obvious once you have run a laundry operation for a month: it builds for the exceptions rather than the happy path. Almost every laundry app demo shows the same flow — schedule, pickup, delivery, five stars. That flow is not where money is lost. Money is lost in the gap between the estimate a customer saw in the app and the weight recorded at the plant, in garments that arrive without a customer attached to them, in routes that made sense at 6am and stopped making sense by 9, and in the reconciliation work an operations manager does by hand every evening because the software has no opinion about any of it. Its laundry app development work is structured around those failure points. That means garment-level tracking with barcode or RFID tagging so an individual item can be traced through intake, sorting, wash, press, and packing — and","author":[{"family":"Mishra","given":"Arpit"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22024281","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22024281","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22024282","type":"article-journal","title":"Top 10 Laundry App Development Companies in Ohio (2026)","abstract":"A laundry app looks like the easiest thing on this list of app categories. Pick a service, choose a pickup window, pay, done. Four screens. Anyone can build four screens. Then the driver arrives at an apartment building in Clintonville at 7pm, the customer isn't home, the bag is sitting in a hallway, and nobody has decided whether the app permits an unattended pickup, who is liable if the bag vanishes, or what happens to the route timing now that this stop took eleven minutes instead of three. Three weeks later a customer opens a dispute over a missing dress shirt, and the only evidence anyone has is a photograph taken in bad light and a weight recorded at the plant that doesn't match the estimate quoted in the app. That is what laundry software actually is. It is a logistics and reconciliation product wearing a consumer app costume, and the companies that build it well are the ones who understood that before they started. Ohio is a genuinely interesting market for this. The state has three dense metros with different economics — Columbus with a large student and young-renter population around Ohio State, Cleveland with a healthcare and hospitality commercial-laundry base, Cincinnati with a strong mid-market business services sector — plus real winters that wreck route reliability for four months a year. Operators here are usually building something that has to work for both residential subscribers and commercial contracts, which is a harder software problem than either one alone. The number that decides everything is stops per hour Before evaluating any development partner, it helps to know which metric your software is actually being built to move. For a pickup-and-delivery laundry business it is route density — how many stops a driver completes per hour, and how close together those stops are. A driver doing four stops an hour across scattered addresses and a driver doing twelve in a tight radius are the difference between a business that loses money on every order and one that works. Nothing else on the P&L moves as much. This has a direct consequence for the product, and it is the thing most laundry app builds get wrong. Software that treats a service area as one uniform zone will accept an order from anywhere inside it, which quietly destroys density every time it happens. Software built properly does the opposite: it constrains availability by zone and by day, it makes the cheap-to-serve time slots more attractive than the expensive ones, and it clusters new customers into neighbourhoods where a route already exists rather than scattering them across a metro. In Ohio terms, that is the difference between an operator profitably serving the dense rental corridors around campus and the near-east side, and one burning fuel driving between Powell and Reynoldsburg for two orders. Ask a prospective partner how their scheduling system protects route density. If they have not considered the question, they are building a booking form. Here are ten development companies worth evaluating, and what each is genuinely suited to. 1. Dev Technosys Dev Technosys is first on this list for a reason that becomes obvious once you have run a laundry operation for a month: it builds for the exceptions rather than the happy path. Almost every laundry app demo shows the same flow — schedule, pickup, delivery, five stars. That flow is not where money is lost. Money is lost in the gap between the estimate a customer saw in the app and the weight recorded at the plant, in garments that arrive without a customer attached to them, in routes that made sense at 6am and stopped making sense by 9, and in the reconciliation work an operations manager does by hand every evening because the software has no opinion about any of it. Its laundry app development work is structured around those failure points. That means garment-level tracking with barcode or RFID tagging so an individual item can be traced through intake, sorting, wash, press, and packing — and","author":[{"family":"Mishra","given":"Arpit"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22024282","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22024282","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22013520","type":"article-journal","title":"Descendant-Resolved Macroscopic Laws of a Deterministic Metal–Solid-Electrolyte Interface","abstract":"This paper follows a route different from the conventional practice of selecting a macroscopic equation and then constructing a microscopic justification for it. We first specify a deterministic, open, atomistically resolved metal–solid-electrolyte interface, identify microscopic event organizations that transmit their realized structure into later events, and only then derive the macroscopic relations that survive exact bookkeeping and adversarial closure tests. No target continuum law is assumed. The strongest results are pathwise identities. They include: (i) a terminal-charge/vacancy-lineage balance; (ii) an atomistic charge–boundary–connectivity–cycle law, $$\\Delta B= \\frac{q-2}{ze}Q_M+(q-2)b_M +2\\Delta C-2\\Delta\\beta_1;$$ (iii) exact separation of signed Faradaic charge from absolute redox throughput; (iv) an exact roughness–current covariance law; (v) causal-genealogy convergence and branching identities; (vi) transport–reaction phase locking under bounded local inventories; and (vii) bridge, redundancy, and minimum-cut bounds. These relations require neither a thermodynamic limit nor a phenomenological kinetic closure. Controlled reductions subsequently produce a transport-limited morphology spectrum, passivation-growth families, vacancy-void growth, coupled electro-thermo-mechanical instability criteria, and a conditional galvanostatic finite-time contact-collapse law. Deposited inventory, morphology topology, causal throughput, and stored fields are generally independent macroscopic coordinates; state of charge or mean height alone therefore cannot define an autonomous evolution on the full admissible microscopic state space.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22013520","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22013520","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22013521","type":"article-journal","title":"Descendant-Resolved Macroscopic Laws of a Deterministic Metal–Solid-Electrolyte Interface","abstract":"This paper follows a route different from the conventional practice of selecting a macroscopic equation and then constructing a microscopic justification for it. We first specify a deterministic, open, atomistically resolved metal–solid-electrolyte interface, identify microscopic event organizations that transmit their realized structure into later events, and only then derive the macroscopic relations that survive exact bookkeeping and adversarial closure tests. No target continuum law is assumed. The strongest results are pathwise identities. They include: (i) a terminal-charge/vacancy-lineage balance; (ii) an atomistic charge–boundary–connectivity–cycle law, $$\\Delta B= \\frac{q-2}{ze}Q_M+(q-2)b_M +2\\Delta C-2\\Delta\\beta_1;$$ (iii) exact separation of signed Faradaic charge from absolute redox throughput; (iv) an exact roughness–current covariance law; (v) causal-genealogy convergence and branching identities; (vi) transport–reaction phase locking under bounded local inventories; and (vii) bridge, redundancy, and minimum-cut bounds. These relations require neither a thermodynamic limit nor a phenomenological kinetic closure. Controlled reductions subsequently produce a transport-limited morphology spectrum, passivation-growth families, vacancy-void growth, coupled electro-thermo-mechanical instability criteria, and a conditional galvanostatic finite-time contact-collapse law. Deposited inventory, morphology topology, causal throughput, and stored fields are generally independent macroscopic coordinates; state of charge or mean height alone therefore cannot define an autonomous evolution on the full admissible microscopic state space.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22013521","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22013521","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.17605/osf.io/7km4y","type":"article-journal","title":"The Shift from Swapped Switches to Smart Logic: Why Automotive Modules Represent System Safety, Not \"Maximum Profit\"","abstract":"The Shift from Swapped Switches to Smart Logic: Why Automotive Modules Represent System Safety, Not \"Maximum Profit\" Author: Diesel Duke Jr. Category: Systems Engineering / Automotive Electronics / Industry Perspective ─── The common narrative on the shop floor—often echoed by field mechanics looking for a quick villain—is that modern automotive manufacturers replaced simple, reliable switches with electronic control modules purely for profit and planned obsolescence. It’s an easy story to sell to a frustrated customer standing over a $400 door module replacement: \"They don't make 'em like they used to, and now everything needs a computer.\" However, looking at vehicle architecture through the lens of applied electrical engineering reveals a fundamentally different reality. The transition from pure analog switching to localized digital module control wasn't a corporate cash grab; it was an unavoidable engineering mandate driven by safety interlocks, physical risk containment, and system integrity. [ Traditional Analog Circuit ] Battery (+12V) ───&gt; Heavy Gauge Copper ───&gt; High-Current Toggle Switch ───&gt; Actuator/Motor * Weaknesses: Arc risk, high weight, bypass-prone, no pinch protection, physical wear. [ Modern Multiplexed Module Circuit ] Central BCM ───&gt; Low-Current Data Bus (CAN/LIN) ───&gt; Smart Door Module ───&gt; Solid-State Driver * Advantages: Real-time current monitoring, software interlocks, light wiring, anti-tampering. 1. The Death of the Analog Bypass: Security &amp; Containment In legacy analog systems, safety controls were essentially suggestions. If a pressure switch, seatbelt interlock, or thermal limit failed, anyone with a jumper wire or a pair of pliers could bypass the safety mechanism entirely. While that \"jerry- rig\" approach might get a farm truck home in an emergency, it creates massive system liability in a modern civilian fleet. Tamper Prevention: Analog switches made it trivial to roll back mechanical odometers, bypass HVAC safety limits, or force actuators beyond their duty cycles. Deterministic Logic: A digital module enforces hard software conditions. If a parameter falls outside safe operating boundaries (e.g., thermal overload or irregular current draw), the module shuts down the output stage to prevent an electrical fire or mechanical destruction. 2. Human Behavior &amp; Edge-Case Protection Mechanical switches carry no intelligence; they pass raw current whenever physical contacts touch. Modern vehicles share cabin space with unpredictable users, including children who actively test the limits of physical controls. Pinch Protection &amp; Current Sensing: An analog window switch will continue driving a motor until the circuit breaker trips or the motor burns out—regardless of whether an arm, hand, or object is caught in the glass. A smart module constantly samples motor current (H- bridge monitoring) and instantly reverses direction the millisecond it senses an unexpected current spike caused by physical resistance. Logic Locks over Physical Locks: A physical \"window lock\" switch can often be bypassed or worn down. A body control module (BCM) processes window requests as logic commands rather than raw power feeds, ensuring child-lock overrides remain 100% absolute at the software level. 3. Mass, Copper Efficiency, and Diagnostic Telemetry Beyond safety, the mechanical reality of running raw 12V power through dozens of cabin switches became physically unsustainable as vehicle options expanded. Multiplexing (CAN/LIN Bus): Instead of running heavy, thick-gauge copper wiring from the main fuse box through door jambs to every single switch and motor, a localized module allows high-speed communication over a lightweight, twisted-pair data wire. This cuts dozens of pounds of copper out of the vehicle harness, eliminating a major source of wire-chafing shorts. Diagnostic Integrity vs. Blind Guesswork: When an analog switch fails or short-circuits internally, troubleshooting requires probin","author":[{"family":"Jr","given":"Duke"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.17605/osf.io/7km4y","URL":"https://doi.org/10.17605/osf.io/7km4y","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21816908","type":"article-journal","title":"Local Entropy Offloading in Open Solid-State Electrochemical Systems: The Structural Invariance of Fundamental Charge Carriers","abstract":"Existing literature on electrochemical cell degradation primarily relies on macro-scale chemical thermodynamics and empiricalphenomenological models. However, these models fail to articulate the microscopic entropy partition mechanisms occurring at thesingle-carrier boundary. Here, we present a fundamental quantum-thermodynamic framework establishing that fundamental chargecarriers (electrons) possess absolute zero intrinsic entropy change (ΔSintrinsic = 0) during transport due to their lack of internalmicrostates. Since fundamental particles maintain structural invariance, the total entropy generated via electrochemical potentialgradients cannot be absorbed by the electron cloud and is instead completely offloaded to the open solid-state system—specificallyinto lattice phonon emission, Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) growth, and irreversible structural defects. We formulate a quantitativemathematical model coupling the quantum invariance of charge carriers with the local heat-dissipation and degradation equations insolid-state electrodes. Finally, we map this theoretical framework to advanced Battery Management System (BMS) algorithms,providing a unified physical bridge between Coulomb counting and potential-driven degradation.","author":[{"family":"Min","given":"Jinseong"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21816908","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21816908","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21816909","type":"article-journal","title":"Local Entropy Offloading in Open Solid-State Electrochemical Systems: The Structural Invariance of Fundamental Charge Carriers","abstract":"Existing literature on electrochemical cell degradation primarily relies on macro-scale chemical thermodynamics and empiricalphenomenological models. However, these models fail to articulate the microscopic entropy partition mechanisms occurring at thesingle-carrier boundary. Here, we present a fundamental quantum-thermodynamic framework establishing that fundamental chargecarriers (electrons) possess absolute zero intrinsic entropy change (ΔSintrinsic = 0) during transport due to their lack of internalmicrostates. Since fundamental particles maintain structural invariance, the total entropy generated via electrochemical potentialgradients cannot be absorbed by the electron cloud and is instead completely offloaded to the open solid-state system—specificallyinto lattice phonon emission, Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) growth, and irreversible structural defects. We formulate a quantitativemathematical model coupling the quantum invariance of charge carriers with the local heat-dissipation and degradation equations insolid-state electrodes. Finally, we map this theoretical framework to advanced Battery Management System (BMS) algorithms,providing a unified physical bridge between Coulomb counting and potential-driven degradation.","author":[{"family":"Min","given":"Jinseong"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21816909","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21816909","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.17364157","type":"article-journal","title":"TRILLION DOLLAR LANDAUER GAP CLOSED BY PRIME IMPERATIVE OF NAKAMOTO-MURRAY X42 UNIFIED MODEL","abstract":"BRIDGING THE BILLION-FOLD LANDAUER GAP: HOW PRIME IMPERATIVE EINSTEIN REVEALS COMPUTATION AS GEOMETRIC ENERGY FLOW T. Patrick Murray’s Framework Shows That the 109 Energy Waste in Modern AI Systems Is Semantic Curvature, And Proves How to Flatten It Modern large-scale AI inference systems consume approximately one billion times more energy per effective bit than Landauer’s fundamental thermodynamic limit. This isn’t just inefficiency—it’s a profound clue about the geometric nature of computation itself. T. Patrick Murray’s Prime Imperative Einstein Prine adapted framework reveals this billion-fold gap as semantic curvature: energetic friction arising from suboptimal informational geodesics through computational spacetime. Just as Einstein showed that gravity is not a force but the curvature of space-time, and that objects follow geodesics (paths of least action) through curved geometry, Murray demonstrates that computational energy consumption reflects the curvature of informational spacetime. Inefficient computation follows curved, energy-intensive paths. Optimal computation follows flat, minimal energy geodesics approaching the Landauer bound. The revolutionary insight: we can flatten computational curvature through recursive optimization**, reducing energy consumption by orders of magnitude by finding straighter paths through information space. Murray’s laboratory simulations demonstrate 76% cost savings.","author":[{"family":"Nakamoto","given":"Satoshi"},{"family":"Murray","given":"TP"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.17364157","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17364157","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.34657/36886","type":"article-journal","title":"Modeling of porous battery Electrodes with multiple phase transitions -- Part I: Modeling and homogenization","abstract":"We derive a thermodynamically consistent multiscale model for a porous intercalation battery in a half-cell configuration. Starting from microscopically resolved balance equations, the model rigorously couples cation and anion transport in the electrolyte with electron transport and solid- state diffusion in the active material through intercalation reactions. The derivation is based on non-equilibrium thermodynamics and periodic homogenization. The central novelty of this work lies in the systematic incorporation of multi-well free energy functions for intercalated cations into a homogenized DFN-type porous-electrode framework. This modeling choice leads to non-monotonic chemical potentials and enables a macroscopic descrip- tion of phase separation and multiple phase transitions within the electrode. While multi-well free energies are well established at the particle scale, their integration into homogenized porous- electrode models has so far been lacking. By extending the homogenization framework to include Cahn--Hilliard-type regularizations, phase-transition effects are retained at the electrode level. The resulting model exhibits an intrinsically coupled 3D+3D structure, in which macroscopic transport in the electrolyte is coupled to fully resolved microscopic diffusion within active parti- cles. This coupling naturally induces memory effects and time lags in the macroscopic voltage response, which cannot be captured by reduced single-scale models. Although the microscopic dynamics possess an underlying gradient-flow structure, we adopt a formal asymptotic approach to obtain a tractable DFN-type model suitable for practical simulations. This paper constitutes Part I of a three-part series and is devoted to the systematic derivation and mathematical formulation of the model. Numerical analysis, discretization strategies, simula- tion studies of transient cycling behavior, and experimental validation are deferred to Parts II and III. Part II focuses on finite C-rates, while Part III addresses open-circuit voltage conditions, where the predictive capabilities of the framework are investigated in detail.","author":[{"family":"Heida","given":"Martin"},{"family":"Landstorfer","given":"Manuel"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.34657/36886","URL":"https://doi.org/10.34657/36886","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20442071","type":"article-journal","title":"Configuration-Memory Framework for All-Solid-State Batteries: A Design Principle, Literature Validation, and Experimental Design","abstract":"This deposit is a conceptual framework and research-program package. It does NOT report new experimental or computational data. This package proposes treating all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) not as a materials-discovery problem alone but as configuration-memory systems, in which failure pathways are selected by the freezing, remobilization, and retention of interfacial degrees of freedom. The cell state is decomposed as Xt = (C0fix, Rt, Zt) — assembly-fixed configuration, reconfigurable degrees of freedom, and history-frozen components — with freezing/remobilization times τi, τi′ and a freezing-branch variable ξi. The framework separates the visibility of configuration-dependent failure from the magnitude of configuration causation, via two conditioned diagnostics D0 and DZ, leading to a design bifurcation: configuration control where configuration-dependent failure is strong, configuration robustness where it can be absorbed. Three connected layers Conceptual framework — an extended paper and a compressed Perspective draft. Literature validation — a qualitative check finding that the configuration-to-failure premise is supported by three independent variables (stack pressure, pellet density, grain-boundary/pore geometry); that configuration is consistently entangled with material chemistry (which is why conditioned diagnostics are needed); and that the history-frozen side (Zt → failure) is established mainly in liquid cells and remains the open experimental frontier in ASSBs. Experiment design — a protocol to isolate DZ in a sulfide ASSB by holding chemistry and assembly fixed and varying only formation history. The layers are connected: layer 2 tests layer 1’s premise and locates its frontier; layer 3 targets the frontier layer 2 identified. Status and limits This is a conceptual and methodological contribution. No datasets were generated or analysed; the quantities defined (V0, MR, D0, DZ, τi, τi′) are not measured here. The framework’s central empirical claim — that early interfacial states and freezing events correspond reliably to later failure pathways — is stated as an unverified hypothesis whose test is proposed, not performed. The literature validation is qualitative: it establishes that the premise is observed in fragments across existing studies, not that the quantitative claims hold. The compressed draft is a submission draft and has not been peer-reviewed. Use of AI assistance Drafting was carried out with the assistance of large language model–based AI tools used as writing and reasoning aids. The conceptual direction, identification structure, design decisions, and final content are the author’s responsibility. References were checked against primary sources; items still requiring publisher-record confirmation are noted in the included checklist. No AI tool is listed as an author.","author":[{"family":"Takagi","given":"Takayuki"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20442071","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20442071","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20442072","type":"article-journal","title":"Configuration-Memory Framework for All-Solid-State Batteries: A Design Principle, Literature Validation, and Experimental Design","abstract":"This deposit is a conceptual framework and research-program package. It does NOT report new experimental or computational data. This package proposes treating all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) not as a materials-discovery problem alone but as configuration-memory systems, in which failure pathways are selected by the freezing, remobilization, and retention of interfacial degrees of freedom. The cell state is decomposed as Xt = (C0fix, Rt, Zt) — assembly-fixed configuration, reconfigurable degrees of freedom, and history-frozen components — with freezing/remobilization times τi, τi′ and a freezing-branch variable ξi. The framework separates the visibility of configuration-dependent failure from the magnitude of configuration causation, via two conditioned diagnostics D0 and DZ, leading to a design bifurcation: configuration control where configuration-dependent failure is strong, configuration robustness where it can be absorbed. Three connected layers Conceptual framework — an extended paper and a compressed Perspective draft. Literature validation — a qualitative check finding that the configuration-to-failure premise is supported by three independent variables (stack pressure, pellet density, grain-boundary/pore geometry); that configuration is consistently entangled with material chemistry (which is why conditioned diagnostics are needed); and that the history-frozen side (Zt → failure) is established mainly in liquid cells and remains the open experimental frontier in ASSBs. Experiment design — a protocol to isolate DZ in a sulfide ASSB by holding chemistry and assembly fixed and varying only formation history. The layers are connected: layer 2 tests layer 1’s premise and locates its frontier; layer 3 targets the frontier layer 2 identified. Status and limits This is a conceptual and methodological contribution. No datasets were generated or analysed; the quantities defined (V0, MR, D0, DZ, τi, τi′) are not measured here. The framework’s central empirical claim — that early interfacial states and freezing events correspond reliably to later failure pathways — is stated as an unverified hypothesis whose test is proposed, not performed. The literature validation is qualitative: it establishes that the premise is observed in fragments across existing studies, not that the quantitative claims hold. The compressed draft is a submission draft and has not been peer-reviewed. Use of AI assistance Drafting was carried out with the assistance of large language model–based AI tools used as writing and reasoning aids. The conceptual direction, identification structure, design decisions, and final content are the author’s responsibility. References were checked against primary sources; items still requiring publisher-record confirmation are noted in the included checklist. No AI tool is listed as an author.","author":[{"family":"Takagi","given":"Takayuki"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20442072","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20442072","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21904134","type":"article-journal","title":"Solid State Battery for 400Wh/kg, 100k Charge Cycles: A Theoretical Framework for the Bi-Nano Zn-Fe-C-N and Al-Fe-C-N Hybrid Bipolar Stack","abstract":"1. Abstract It’s all too easy to dismiss the secret behind Donut Lab’s solid-state battery (SSB) as impos­sible. That is precisely why it is all the more interesting to take a closer look at this secret. This work proposes a theoretical battery architecture derived from: (i) the performance data published by Donut Lab and assumed to be accurate(i) currently understood physics and electrochemical principles(iii) topology-driven optimization, which enables a better overall battery design Within this chemistry agnostic framework, Bi-Nano Zn-Fe-C-N Hybrid Cell and Al-Fe-C Hybrid Cells operate at ultra-low potential swings. This regime strongly suppresses elec­trolyte decomposition, dendrites, gas evolution, and thermal degradation, unlocking vastly superior lifetime and power metrics compared to bulk batteries. The system achieves a sta­te of \"Chemical Silence”. A monolithic screen-printed bipolar stack (series connection) results in a structure that reversibly stores energy dominated by surface-controlled pseudocapacitive redox pro­ces­ses, yielding 10⁵ cycles life, C12 current loads with high energy density. The energy density of both systems was estimated using a Python simulation: Bi-Nano Zn-Fe-C-N Hybrid Cell » 190 - 250Wh/kg 970Wh/L (0.5V … 2.0V)Bi-Nano Al-Fe-C-N Hybrid Cell » 370 - 440Wh/kg 1224Wh/L (1.0V … 2.4V) Starting with air-stable metal hydroxides, resulting stoichiometric imbalances are correc­ted using an ink pre-reduction (IPR) process. At the cathode, the active nodes in the N-do­ped pseudocapacitive MWCNT networks form stable Fe¹⁺ suboxide. Ano­dic side, UPD-stabilized metallic Zn⁰ and Al⁰ nanoclusters form during operation. In be­tween lies the TiO₂ solid-state electrolyte (SSE), ensuring internal charge balancing via Grotthuss pro­ton transport through both adjacent Mott-Schottky space charge regions (SCR). Rather than claiming experimental validation, this work provides a theoretical, physical ex­planation. It shows that reported properties, fast charging, extreme cycle life, and in­he­rent safety, are not ruled out by known laws of physics. The concept can be scaled up to a ma­cro­scopic, high-voltage battery brick of parallel-stackable BGA battery pills in parallel.","author":[{"family":"Wehrli","given":"Peter"},{"family":"Wehrli","given":"Peter"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21904134","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21904134","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21799079","type":"article-journal","title":"off grid solar thermal","abstract":"### Engineering Freedom & Rigorous Safety Standards This architecture represents a complete departure from corporate-patented, heavily restricted energy systems. Engineered from the ground up to meet the most stringent safety standards—incorporating UL-rated electronics, solid-state DC switching, precision supercapacitor buffering, and professional structural integration—this system proves that high-performance, industrial-grade engineering can be achieved entirely outside the bounds of corporate monopolies. Under the **Master Intellectual Property & Usage Framework, these technical blueprints are legally shielded from corporate appropriation, asset management acquisition, and institutional gatekeeping. There are no proprietary corporate patents restricting your right to build, no hidden regulatory traps designed to force commercial dependency, and no corporate-backed institutional control. Instead, this work is explicitly reserved for independent hobbyists, un-sponsored trade artisans, and local communities. It pairs uncompromising safety and strict engineering protocols with absolute open-access freedom for the 99%.","author":[{"family":"Dale","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Gemini"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21799079","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21799079","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21799078","type":"article-journal","title":"off grid solar thermal","abstract":"### Engineering Freedom & Rigorous Safety Standards This architecture represents a complete departure from corporate-patented, heavily restricted energy systems. Engineered from the ground up to meet the most stringent safety standards—incorporating UL-rated electronics, solid-state DC switching, precision supercapacitor buffering, and professional structural integration—this system proves that high-performance, industrial-grade engineering can be achieved entirely outside the bounds of corporate monopolies. Under the **Master Intellectual Property & Usage Framework, these technical blueprints are legally shielded from corporate appropriation, asset management acquisition, and institutional gatekeeping. There are no proprietary corporate patents restricting your right to build, no hidden regulatory traps designed to force commercial dependency, and no corporate-backed institutional control. Instead, this work is explicitly reserved for independent hobbyists, un-sponsored trade artisans, and local communities. It pairs uncompromising safety and strict engineering protocols with absolute open-access freedom for the 99%.","author":[{"family":"Dale","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Gemini"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21799078","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21799078","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19257277","type":"article-journal","title":"Powder2Power: DES SCIENTIFIQUES EUROPÉENS AU SERVICE D'UNE RÉVOLUTION ÉNERGÉTIQUE !","abstract":"This article presents the Powder2Power project and its objectives in developing a particle-based Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) technology for dispatchable renewable energy and industrial heat. Originally published in Intersections magazine (Université Perpignan Via Domitia, September 2025). All credits for text and images belong to the original authors and contributors.","author":[{"family":"Guillot","given":"Emmanuel"},{"family":"Flamant","given":"Gilles"},{"family":"Le Gal","given":"Alex"},{"family":"Marin Zapata","given":"Sergio"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19257277","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19257277","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19257278","type":"article-journal","title":"Powder2Power: DES SCIENTIFIQUES EUROPÉENS AU SERVICE D'UNE RÉVOLUTION ÉNERGÉTIQUE !","abstract":"This article presents the Powder2Power project and its objectives in developing a particle-based Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) technology for dispatchable renewable energy and industrial heat. Originally published in Intersections magazine (Université Perpignan Via Domitia, September 2025). All credits for text and images belong to the original authors and contributors.","author":[{"family":"Guillot","given":"Emmanuel"},{"family":"Flamant","given":"Gilles"},{"family":"Le Gal","given":"Alex"},{"family":"Marin Zapata","given":"Sergio"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19257278","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19257278","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21826038","type":"article-journal","title":"Dataset for Intermediation Relationship Between Infrastructure, ICT, Renewable Energy, and GLPI and its Effect on the Balance of Trade Across ASEAN","abstract":"This dataset contains panel data for eight ASEAN countries covering the period 2014–2024. The dataset includes variables on infrastructure, Information and Communication Technology (ICT), renewable energy, Green Logistics Performance Index (GLPI), and balance of trade. The data were compiled from publicly available sources and used in the study entitled \"Intermediation Relationship Between Infrastructure, ICT, Renewable Energy, and GLPI and its Effect on the Balance of Trade Across ASEAN\".","author":[{"family":"Hasan","given":"Syifa"},{"family":"Faridatussifa","given":"Milda"},{"family":"Saputra","given":"Donny"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21826038","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21826038","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21826039","type":"article-journal","title":"Dataset for Intermediation Relationship Between Infrastructure, ICT, Renewable Energy, and GLPI and its Effect on the Balance of Trade Across ASEAN","abstract":"This dataset contains panel data for eight ASEAN countries covering the period 2014–2024. The dataset includes variables on infrastructure, Information and Communication Technology (ICT), renewable energy, Green Logistics Performance Index (GLPI), and balance of trade. The data were compiled from publicly available sources and used in the study entitled \"Intermediation Relationship Between Infrastructure, ICT, Renewable Energy, and GLPI and its Effect on the Balance of Trade Across ASEAN\".","author":[{"family":"Hasan","given":"Syifa"},{"family":"Faridatussifa","given":"Milda"},{"family":"Saputra","given":"Donny"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21826039","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21826039","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20311063","type":"article-journal","title":"Impacts of renewable energy facilities on animal movement: dataset and code","abstract":"Dataset (N=134 studies) and R analysis code supporting the systematic review of animal movement disruptions by renewable energy facilities (Arrondo et al. 2026). The pipeline reproduces the main figure (matrix of renewable-energy facility × movement component), the bivariate world map of study density vs. renewable-energy share, the waffle plots, and Supplementary Tables S1 and S2. Code is released under MIT and data under CC BY 4.0; see LICENSE and LICENSE-data in the repository. E. Arrondo and G. Fandos contributed equally to this work and share first authorship.","author":[{"family":"Arrondo","given":"Eneko"},{"family":"Fandos","given":"Guillermo"},{"family":"Tucker","given":"Marlee"},{"family":"Gallagher","given":"Cara"},{"family":"Delgado","given":"María"},{"family":"Scacco","given":"Martina"},{"family":"De Los Reyes","given":"José"},{"family":"Payo-Payo","given":"Ana"},{"family":"Morant","given":"Jon"},{"family":"Da Silva","given":"João"},{"family":"Assandri","given":"Giacomo"},{"family":"Börger","given":"Luca"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20311063","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20311063","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20311943","type":"article-journal","title":"Impacts of renewable energy facilities on animal movement: dataset and code","abstract":"Dataset (N=134 studies) and R analysis code supporting the systematic review of animal movement disruptions by renewable energy facilities (Arrondo et al. 2026). The pipeline reproduces the main figure (matrix of renewable-energy facility × movement component), the bivariate world map of study density vs. renewable-energy share, the waffle plots, and Supplementary Tables S1 and S2. Code is released under MIT and data under CC BY 4.0; see LICENSE and LICENSE-data in the repository. E. Arrondo and G. Fandos contributed equally to this work and share first authorship.","author":[{"family":"Arrondo","given":"Eneko"},{"family":"Fandos","given":"Guillermo"},{"family":"Tucker","given":"Marlee"},{"family":"Gallagher","given":"Cara"},{"family":"Delgado","given":"María"},{"family":"Scacco","given":"Martina"},{"family":"De Los Reyes","given":"José"},{"family":"Payo-Payo","given":"Ana"},{"family":"Morant","given":"Jon"},{"family":"Da Silva","given":"João"},{"family":"Assandri","given":"Giacomo"},{"family":"Börger","given":"Luca"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20311943","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20311943","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20712154","type":"article-journal","title":"REVOLUTIONIZING INDUSTRIES: ENERGY SYSTEMS FOR DECARBONIZATION THROUGH GEOTHERMAL INTEGRATION IN INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES","abstract":"This record contains the conference abstract and poster presented at the International Sustainable Energy Conference (ISEC 2026). The contribution presents the GeoS-TECHIS project, which investigates the integration of geothermal energy, solar thermal systems, industrial waste heat recovery, and thermal energy storage for the decarbonization of industrial processes. Dynamic TRNSYS simulations are used to evaluate system flexibility, renewable heat utilization, and auxiliary energy demand under representative SME operating conditions.","author":[{"family":"Frumen","given":"Žan"},{"family":"Stritih","given":"Uroš"},{"family":"Maliepaard","given":"Leslie"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20712154","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20712154","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20712155","type":"article-journal","title":"REVOLUTIONIZING INDUSTRIES: ENERGY SYSTEMS FOR DECARBONIZATION THROUGH GEOTHERMAL INTEGRATION IN INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES","abstract":"This record contains the conference abstract and poster presented at the International Sustainable Energy Conference (ISEC 2026). The contribution presents the GeoS-TECHIS project, which investigates the integration of geothermal energy, solar thermal systems, industrial waste heat recovery, and thermal energy storage for the decarbonization of industrial processes. Dynamic TRNSYS simulations are used to evaluate system flexibility, renewable heat utilization, and auxiliary energy demand under representative SME operating conditions.","author":[{"family":"Frumen","given":"Žan"},{"family":"Stritih","given":"Uroš"},{"family":"Maliepaard","given":"Leslie"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20712155","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20712155","source":"datacite"},{"id":"oa:W3038591351","type":"article-journal","title":"Interfaces and Interphases in All-Solid-State Batteries with Inorganic Solid Electrolytes","abstract":"All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) have attracted enormous attention as one of the critical future technologies for safe and high energy batteries. With the emergence of several highly conductive solid electrolytes in recent years, the bottleneck is no longer Li-ion diffusion within the electrolyte. Instead, many ASSBs are limited by their low Coulombic efficiency, poor power performance, and short cycling life due to the high resistance at the interfaces within ASSBs. Because of the diverse chemical/physical/mechanical properties of various solid components in ASSBs as well as the nature of solid-solid contact, many types of interfaces are present in ASSBs. These include loose physical contact, grain boundaries, and chemical and electrochemical reactions to name a few. All of these contribute to increasing resistance at the interface. Here, we present the distinctive features of the typical interfaces and interphases in ASSBs and summarize the recent work on identifying, probing, understanding, and engineering them. We highlight the complicated, but important, characteristics of interphases, namely the composition, distribution, and electronic and ionic properties of the cathode-electrolyte and electrolyte-anode interfaces; understanding these properties is the key to designing a stable interface. In addition, conformal coatings to prevent side reactions and their selection criteria are reviewed. We emphasize the significant role of the mechanical behavior of the interfaces as well as the mechanical properties of all ASSB components, especially when the soft Li metal anode is used under constant stack pressure. Finally, we provide full-scale (energy, spatial, and temporal) characterization methods to explore, diagnose, and understand the dynamic and buried interfaces and interphases. Thorough and in-depth understanding on the complex interfaces and interphases is essential to make a practical high-energy ASSB.","author":[{"family":"Banerjee","given":"Abhik"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Xuefeng"},{"family":"Fang","given":"Chengcheng"},{"family":"Wu","given":"Erik"},{"family":"Meng","given":"Ying"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00101","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00101","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W3043930215","type":"article-journal","title":"Physicochemical Concepts of the Lithium Metal Anode in Solid-State Batteries","abstract":"Developing reversible lithium metal anodes with high rate capability is one of the central aims of current battery research. Lithium metal anodes are not only required for the development of innovative cell concepts such as lithium-air or lithium-sulfur batteries, they can also increase the energy density of batteries with intercalation-type cathodes. The use of solid electrolyte separators is especially promising to develop well-performing lithium metal anodes, because they can act as a mechanical barrier to avoid unwanted dendritic growth of lithium through the cell. However, inhomogeneous electrodeposition and contact loss often hinder the application of a lithium metal anode in solid-state batteries. In this review, we assess the physicochemical concepts that describe the fundamental mechanisms governing lithium metal anode performance in combination with inorganic solid electrolytes. In particular, our discussion of kinetic rate limitations and morphological stability intends to stimulate further progress in the field of lithium metal anodes.","author":[{"family":"Krauskopf","given":"Thorben"},{"family":"Richter","given":"Felix"},{"family":"Zeier","given":"Wolfgang"},{"family":"Janek","given":"Jürgen"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00431","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00431","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W3159296886","type":"article-journal","title":"Hydrogen energy systems: A critical review of technologies, applications, trends and challenges","abstract":"The global energy transition towards a carbon neutral society requires a profound transformation of electricity generation and consumption, as well as of electric power systems. Hydrogen has an important potential to accelerate the process of scaling up clean and renewable energy, however its integration in power systems remains little studied. This paper reviews the current progress and outlook of hydrogen technologies and their application in power systems for hydrogen production, re-electrification and storage. The characteristics of electrolysers and fuel cells are demonstrated with experimental data and the deployments of hydrogen for energy storage, power-to-gas, co- and tri-generation and transportation are investigated using examples from worldwide projects. The current techno-economic status of these technologies and applications is presented, in which cost, efficiency and durability are identified as the main critical aspects. This is also confirmed by the results of a statistical analysis of the literature. Finally, conclusions show that continuous efforts on performance improvements, scale ramp-up, technical prospects and political support are required to enable a cost-competitive hydrogen economy.","author":[{"family":"Yue","given":"Meiling"},{"family":"Lambert","given":"Hugo"},{"family":"Pahon","given":"Elodie"},{"family":"Roche","given":"Robin"},{"family":"Jemeï","given":"Samir"},{"family":"Hissel","given":"Daniel"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.rser.2021.111180","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111180","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W3045599769","type":"article-journal","title":"High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells","abstract":"With rapid progress in a power conversion efficiency (PCE) to reach 25%, metal halide perovskite-based solar cells became a game-changer in a photovoltaic performance race. Triggered by the development of the solid-state perovskite solar cell in 2012, intense follow-up research works on structure design, materials chemistry, process engineering, and device physics have contributed to the revolutionary evolution of the solid-state perovskite solar cell to be a strong candidate for a next-generation solar energy harvester. The high efficiency in combination with the low cost of materials and processes are the selling points of this cell over commercial silicon or other organic and inorganic solar cells. The characteristic features of perovskite materials may enable further advancement of the PCE beyond those afforded by the silicon solar cells, toward the Shockley-Queisser limit. This review summarizes the fundamentals behind the optoelectronic properties of perovskite materials, as well as the important approaches to fabricating high-efficiency perovskite solar cells. Furthermore, possible next-generation strategies for enhancing the PCE over the Shockley-Queisser limit are discussed.","author":[{"family":"Kim","given":"Jin"},{"family":"Lee","given":"Jin‐wook"},{"family":"Jung","given":"Hyun"},{"family":"Shin","given":"Hyunjung"},{"family":"Park","given":"Nam‐gyu"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00107","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00107","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W3039306942","type":"article-journal","title":"Sodium‐Ion Batteries Paving the Way for Grid Energy Storage","abstract":"Abstract The recent proliferation of renewable energy generation offers mankind hope, with regard to combatting global climate change. However, reaping the full benefits of these renewable energy sources requires the ability to store and distribute any renewable energy generated in a cost‐effective, safe, and sustainable manner. As such, sodium‐ion batteries (NIBs) have been touted as an attractive storage technology due to their elemental abundance, promising electrochemical performance and environmentally benign nature. Moreover, new developments in sodium battery materials have enabled the adoption of high‐voltage and high‐capacity cathodes free of rare earth elements such as Li, Co, Ni, offering pathways for low‐cost NIBs that match their lithium counterparts in energy density while serving the needs for large‐scale grid energy storage. In this essay, a range of battery chemistries are discussed alongside their respective battery properties while keeping metrics for grid storage in mind. Matters regarding materials and full cell cost, supply chain and environmental sustainability are discussed, with emphasis on the need to eliminate several elements (Li, Ni, Co) from NIBs. Future directions for research are also discussed, along with potential strategies to overcome obstacles in battery safety and sustainable recyclability.","author":[{"family":"Hirsh","given":"Hayley"},{"family":"Li","given":"Yixuan"},{"family":"Tan","given":"Darren"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Minghao"},{"family":"Zhao","given":"Enyue"},{"family":"Meng","given":"Ying"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1002/aenm.202001274","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202001274","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W4297017859","type":"article-journal","title":"Rechargeable Batteries for Grid Scale Energy Storage","abstract":"Ever-increasing global energy consumption has driven the development of renewable energy technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. Battery energy storage systems (BESS) with high electrochemical performance are critical for enabling renewable yet intermittent sources of energy such as solar and wind. In recent years, numerous new battery technologies have been achieved and showed great potential for grid scale energy storage (GSES) applications. However, their practical applications have been greatly impeded due to the gap between the breakthroughs achieved in research laboratories and the industrial applications. In addition, various complex applications call for different battery performances. Matching of diverse batteries to various applications is required to promote practical energy storage research achievement. This review provides in-depth discussion and comprehensive consideration in the battery research field for GSES. The overall requirements of battery technologies for practical applications with key parameters are systematically analyzed by generating standards and measures for GSES. We also discuss recent progress and existing challenges for some representative battery technologies with great promise for GSES, including metal-ion batteries, lead-acid batteries, molten-salt batteries, alkaline batteries, redox-flow batteries, metal-air batteries, and hydrogen-gas batteries. Moreover, we emphasize the importance of bringing emerging battery technologies from academia to industry. Our perspectives on the future development of batteries for GSES applications are provided.","author":[{"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhengxin"},{"family":"Jiang","given":"Taoli"},{"family":"Ali","given":"Mohsin"},{"family":"Meng","given":"Yahan"},{"family":"Jin","given":"Yang"},{"family":"Cui","given":"Yi"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Wei"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00289","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00289","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W4211006056","type":"article-journal","title":"A comprehensive review of stationary energy storage devices for large scale renewable energy sources grid integration","abstract":"Currently, the energy grid is changing to fit the increasing energy demands but also to support the rapid penetration of renewable energy sources. As a result, energy storage devices emerge to add buffer capacity and to reinforce residential and commercial usage, as an attempt to improve the overall utilization of the available green energy. Although various research has been conducted in the field including photovoltaic and wind applications, the study on suitability identification of different storage devices for various stationary application types is still the gap observed which needs further study and verification. The review performed fills these gaps by investigating the current status and applicability of energy storage devices, and the most suitable type of storage technologies for grid support applications are identified. Moreover, various technical, economic and environmental impact evaluation criteria's are taken into consideration for the identification of their characteristics and potentials. The comprehensive review shows that, from the electrochemical storage category, the lithium-ion battery fits both low and medium-size applications with high power and energy density requirements. From the electrical storage categories, capacitors, supercapacitors, and superconductive magnetic energy storage devices are identified as appropriate for high power applications. Besides, thermal energy storage is identified as suitable in seasonal and bulk energy application areas. With proper identification of the application's requirement and based on the techno-economic, and environmental impact investigations of energy storage devices, the use of a hybrid solutions with a combination of various storage devices is found to be a viable solution in the sector.","author":[{"family":"Kebede","given":"Abraham"},{"family":"Kalogiannis","given":"Theodoros"},{"family":"Mierlo","given":"Joeri"},{"family":"Berecibar","given":"Maitane"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.rser.2022.112213","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.112213","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W3007447726","type":"article-journal","title":"Challenges in Lithium Metal Anodes for Solid-State Batteries","abstract":"In this Perspective, we highlight recent progress and challenges related to the integration of lithium metal anodes in solid-state batteries. While prior reports have suggested that solid electrolytes may be impermeable to lithium metal, this hypothesis has been disproven under a variety of electrolyte compositions and cycling conditions. Herein, we describe the mechanistic origins and importance of lithium filament growth and interphase formation in inorganic and organic solid electrolytes. Multimodal techniques that combine real and reciprocal space imaging and modeling will be necessary to fully understand nonequilibrium dynamics at these buried interfaces. Currently, most studies on lithium electrode kinetics at solid electrolyte interfaces are completed in symmetric Li–Li configurations. To fully understand the challenges and opportunities afforded by Li-metal anodes, full-cell experiments are necessary. Finally, the impacts of operating conditions on solid-state batteries are largely unknown with respect to pressure, geometry, and break-in protocols. Given the rapid growth of this community and the diverse portfolio of solid electrolytes, we highlight the need for detailed reporting of experimental conditions and standardization of protocols across the community.","author":[{"family":"Hatzell","given":"Kelsey"},{"family":"Chen","given":"XC"},{"family":"Cobb","given":"Corie"},{"family":"Dasgupta","given":"Neil"},{"family":"Dixit","given":"Marm"},{"family":"Marbella","given":"Lauren"},{"family":"Mcdowell","given":"Matthew"},{"family":"Mukherjee","given":"Partha"},{"family":"Verma","given":"Ankit"},{"family":"Viswanathan","given":"Venkatasubramanian"},{"family":"Westover","given":"Andrew"},{"family":"Zeier","given":"Wolfgang"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1021/acsenergylett.9b02668","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.9b02668","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W3053356149","type":"article-journal","title":"Lithium/Sulfide All‐Solid‐State Batteries using Sulfide Electrolytes","abstract":"All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) are considered as the next generation electrochemical energy storage devices because of their high safety and energy density, simple packaging, and wide operable temperature range. The critical component in ASSLBs is the solid-state electrolyte. Among all solid-state electrolytes, the sulfide electrolytes have the highest ionic conductivity and favorable interface compatibility with sulfur-based cathodes. The ionic conductivity of sulfide electrolytes is comparable with or even higher than that of the commercial organic liquid electrolytes. However, several critical challenges for sulfide electrolytes still remain to be solved, including their narrow electrochemical stability window, the unstable interface between the electrolyte and the electrodes, as well as lithium dendrite formation in the electrolytes. Herein, the emerging sulfide electrolytes and preparation methods are reviewed. In particular, the required properties of the sulfide electrolytes, such as the electrochemical stabilities of the electrolytes and the compatible electrode/electrolyte interfaces are highlighted. The opportunities for sulfide-based ASSLBs are also discussed.","author":[{"family":"Wu","given":"Jinghua"},{"family":"Liu","given":"Sufu"},{"family":"Han","given":"Fudong"},{"family":"Yao","given":"Xiayin"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Chunsheng"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1002/adma.202000751","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202000751","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W4225145401","type":"article-journal","title":"A comparative life cycle assessment of lithium-ion and lead-acid batteries for grid energy storage","abstract":"Lithium-ion battery technology is one of the innovations gaining interest in utility-scale energy storage. However, there is a lack of scientific studies about its environmental performance. This study aims to evaluate the environmental impacts of lithium-ion batteries and conventional lead-acid batteries for stationary grid storage applications using life cycle assessment. The cradle-to-grave life cycle study shows that the environmental impacts of the lead-acid battery measured in per “kWh energy delivered” are: 2 kg CO2eq (climate change), 33 MJ (fossil fuel use), 0.02 mol H + eq (acidification potential), 10−7 disease incidence (PM2.5 emission), and 8 × 10−4 kg Sbeq (minerals and metals use). The nickel cobalt aluminum battery is the best performer for climate change and resource use (fossil fuels) among the analysed lithium-ion batteries, with 45% less impact. The nickel cobalt manganese battery performs better for the acidification potential and particulate matter impact categories, with 67% and 50% better performance than lead-acid. The lithium iron phosphate battery is the best performer at 94% less impact for the minerals and metals resource use category. The use stage electricity and battery cell manufacturing processes have the highest contribution for the most impact categories. The sensitivity analysis shows that the use-phase environmental impact decreases with an increase in renewable energy contribution in the use phase. The lithium-ion batteries have fewer environmental impacts than lead-acid batteries for the observed environmental impact categories. The study can be used as a reference to decide how to substitute lead-acid batteries with lithium-ion batteries for grid energy storage applications.","author":[{"family":"Yudhistira","given":"Ryutaka"},{"family":"Khatiwada","given":"Dilip"},{"family":"Sánchez","given":"Fernando"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131999","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131999","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W3005112572","type":"article-journal","title":"Applications of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Grid-Scale Energy Storage Systems","abstract":"Abstract In the electrical energy transformation process, the grid-level energy storage system plays an essential role in balancing power generation and utilization. Batteries have considerable potential for application to grid-level energy storage systems because of their rapid response, modularization, and flexible installation. Among several battery technologies, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) exhibit high energy efficiency, long cycle life, and relatively high energy density. In this perspective, the properties of LIBs, including their operation mechanism, battery design and construction, and advantages and disadvantages, have been analyzed in detail. Moreover, the performance of LIBs applied to grid-level energy storage systems is analyzed in terms of the following grid services: (1) frequency regulation; (2) peak shifting; (3) integration with renewable energy sources; and (4) power management. In addition, the challenges encountered in the application of LIBs are discussed and possible research directions aimed at overcoming these challenges are proposed to provide insight into the development of grid-level energy storage systems.","author":[{"family":"Chen","given":"Tianmei"},{"family":"Jin","given":"Yi"},{"family":"Lv","given":"Hanyu"},{"family":"Yang","given":"Antao"},{"family":"Liu","given":"Meiyi"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Bing"},{"family":"Xie","given":"Ying"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Qiang"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1007/s12209-020-00236-w","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12209-020-00236-w","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W3000723219","type":"article-journal","title":"Insights into renewable hydrogen energy: Recent advances and prospects","abstract":"Presently the fulfilment of world’s energy demand highly relies on the fossil fuel i.e. coal, oil and natural gas. Fossil fuels pose threat to environment and biological systems on the earth. Usage of these fuels leads to an increase in the CO 2 content in the atmosphere that causes global warming and undesirable climatic changes. Additionally, these are limited sources of energy those will eventually dwindle. There is huge urge of identifying and utilizing the renewable energy resources to replace these fossil fuels in the near future as it is expected to have no impact on environment and thus would enable one to provide energy security. Hydrogen is one of the most desirable fuel capable of replacing vanishing hydrocarbons. In this review we present the status of energy demands, recent advances in renewable energy and the prospects of hydrogen as a future fuel are highlighted. It gives a broad overview of different energy systems and mainly focuses on different technologies and their reliability for the production of hydrogen in present and future.","author":[{"family":"Pareek","given":"Alka"},{"family":"Dom","given":"Rekha"},{"family":"Gupta","given":"Jyoti"},{"family":"Chandran","given":"Jyothi"},{"family":"Adepu","given":"Vivek"},{"family":"Borse","given":"Pramod"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.mset.2019.12.002","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mset.2019.12.002","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W3213631395","type":"article-journal","title":"Limitations of Ammonia as a Hydrogen Energy Carrier for the Transportation Sector","abstract":"Annual global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions reached 34.2 gigatonnes (Gt) in 2019 as a result of extensive and unrestricted use of fossil fuels to fulfill ∼80% of society’s energy needs at the current level of ∼585 exajoules (EJ)/year.1,2 Transportation that provides mobility to&#13;\\npassengers and freight is responsible for approximately 25% of the overall CO2 emission.3,4 Considering the current rate of population growth and associated increases in energy consumption, it has been projected that the corresponding global energy demand will be increased by at least 50% before 2050.1,2,5 To meet such needs while minimizing the environmental impacts by curtailing anthropogenic CO2 emissions, large-scale deployment of low-carbon renewable energy (RE) is necessary.6−8 Despite a moderate increase in the overall&#13;\\nshare of RE in the current energy landscape, recent studies indeed indicated that a full transition to 100% RE is attainable within the next 3 decades or so with a cost-efficient vision of deep electrification of heat and transportation sectors around the globe.9−11 Thus, this energy transition is no longer a matter of technical feasibility or economic viability, but political will.","author":[{"family":"Chatterjee","given":"Sudipta"},{"family":"Parsapur","given":"Rajesh"},{"family":"Huang","given":"Kuo‐wei"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.1021/acsenergylett.1c02189","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.1c02189","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W4220903767","type":"article-journal","title":"Optimal Energy Management of Hydrogen Energy Facility Using Integrated Battery Energy Storage and Solar Photovoltaic Systems","abstract":"The production of renewable hydrogen using water electrolysis has emerged with the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources. The energy management system (EMS) plays a key role in the production of renewable hydrogen by controlling electrolyzer’s operating point to achieve operational and economical benefits. In this regard, this article introduces the optimal scheduling for an EMS model for a hydrogen production system integrated with a photovoltaic (PV) system and a battery energy storage system (BESS) to satisfy electricity and hydrogen demands of an industrial hydrogen facility. The proposed EMS model aims to minimize the cost of hydrogen (CoH) production by minimizing the system net costs of industrial hydrogen facility while maintaining a reliable system operation. Furthermore, the proposed EMS model enables the application of seasonal hydrogen storage by incorporating the Z-score statistical measure of historical electricity prices, which follows seasonal electricity price trends. This allows the storage of hydrogen during periods of relatively low electricity prices. To demonstrate the validity of this model, it is tested for both intraseasonal and seasonal storage. Four case studies are used to prove the techno-economic benefits of the proposed EMS model. Furthermore, the impact of the electrolyzer’s capacity factor, the size of the hydrogen storage, and the PV share is investigated in terms of their techno-economic benefits to the system.","author":[{"family":"Abomazid","given":"Abdulrahman"},{"family":"El-Taweel","given":"Nader"},{"family":"Farag","given":"Hany"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1109/tste.2022.3161891","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tste.2022.3161891","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W4285982358","type":"article-journal","title":"A Green Hydrogen Energy System: Optimal control strategies for integrated hydrogen storage and power generation with wind energy","abstract":"The intermittent nature of renewable energy resources such as wind and solar causes the energy supply to be less predictable leading to possible mismatches in the power network. To this end, hydrogen production and storage can provide a solution by increasing flexibility within the system. Stored hydrogen as compressed gas can either be converted back to electricity or it can be used as feed-stock for industry, heating for built environment, and as fuel for vehicles. This research is the first to examine optimal strategies for operating integrated energy systems consisting of renewable energy production and hydrogen storage with direct gas-based use-cases for hydrogen. Using Markov decision process theory, we construct optimal policies for day-to-day decisions on how much energy to store as hydrogen, or buy from or sell to the electricity market, and on how much hydrogen to sell for use as gas. We pay special emphasis to practical settings, such as contractually binding power purchase agreements, varying electricity prices, different distribution channels, green hydrogen offtake agreements, and hydrogen market price uncertainties. Extensive experiments and analysis are performed in the context of Northern Netherlands where Europe’s first Hydrogen Valley is being formed. Results show that gains in operational revenues of up to 51% are possible by introducing hydrogen storage units and competitive hydrogen market-prices. This amounts to a €126,000 increase in revenues per turbine per year for a 4.5 MW wind turbine. Moreover, our results indicate that hydrogen offtake agreements will be crucial in keeping the energy transition on track.","author":[{"family":"Schrotenboer","given":"Albert"},{"family":"Veenstra","given":"Arjen"},{"family":"Broek","given":"Michiel"},{"family":"Ursavas","given":"Evrim"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.rser.2022.112744","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.112744","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W4307812555","type":"article-journal","title":"Industrial status, technological progress, challenges, and prospects of hydrogen energy","abstract":"Under the requirements of China's strategic goal of \"carbon peaking and carbon neutrality\", as a renewable, clean and efficient secondary energy source, hydrogen benefits from abundant resources, a wide variety of sources, a high combustion calorific value , clean and non-polluting, various forms of utilization, energy storage mediums and good security, etc. It will become a realistic way to help energy, transportation, petrochemical and other fields to achieve deep decarbonization, and will turn into an important replacement energy source for China to build a modern clean energy system . It is clear that accelerating the development of hydrogen energy has become a global consensus. In order to provide a theoretical support for the accelerated transformation of hydrogen-related industries and energy companies, and provide a basis and reference for the construction of \"Hydrogen Energy China\", this paper describes main key technological progresses in the hydrogen industry chain such as hydrogen production , storage, transportation, and application. The status and development trends of hydrogen industrialization are analyzed, and then the challenges faced by the development of the hydrogen industry are discussed. At last, the development and future of the hydrogen industry are prospected. The following conclusions are achieved. (1) Hydrogen technologies of our country will become mature and enter the road of industrialization. The whole industry chain system of the hydrogen industry is gradually being formed, and will realize the leap-forward development from gray hydrogen, blue hydrogen to green hydrogen . (2) The overall development of the entire hydrogen industry chain such as hydrogen production , storage and transportation, fuel cells, hydrogen refueling stations and other scenarios should be accelerated. Besides, in-depth integration and coordination with the oil and gas industry needs more attention, which will rapidly promote the high-quality development of the hydrogen industry system. (3) The promotion and implementation of major projects such as \"north-east hydrogen transmission\", \"west-east hydrogen transmission\", \"sea hydrogen landing\", and utilization of infrastructures such as gas filling stations, can give full play to the innate advantages of oil and gas companies in industrial chain nodes such as hydrogen production and refueling, etc., which can help to achieve the application of \"oil, gas, hydrogen, and electricity\" four-station joint construction, form a nationwide hydrogen resource guarantee system, and accelerate the planning and promotion of the \"Hydrogen Energy China\" strategy.","author":[{"family":"Zou","given":"Caineng"},{"family":"Li","given":"Jianming"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Xi"},{"family":"Xu","given":"Jin"},{"family":"Xiong","given":"Bo"},{"family":"Yu","given":"Huidi"},{"family":"Liu","given":"Xiaodan"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Shanyu"},{"family":"Li","given":"Yiheng"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Lin"},{"family":"Miao","given":"Sheng"},{"family":"Zheng","given":"Dewen"},{"family":"Zhou","given":"Hongjun"},{"family":"Song","given":"Jiani"},{"family":"Pan","given":"Songqi"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.ngib.2022.04.006","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ngib.2022.04.006","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W3085829361","type":"article-journal","title":"Integrated Electricity and Hydrogen Energy Sharing in Coupled Energy Systems","abstract":"Given that the capital cost of energy storage systems is still high, the concept of energy sharing attracts more attention. In this article, an energy sharing model in the forms of hydrogen and electricity is proposed. In this integrated sharing system, besides the aggregators who own power-to-gas (P2G) devices, plug-in hybrid electric and hydrogen vehicles (PH2EVs) aggregators become the new coupling points of the electricity network and gas network, because they can either consume electricity or hydrogen. In the objective function, the total social welfare considering energy dispatch in different systems is maximized. The distributed optimization method is applied to solve the formulated problem. In this way, the privacy of each aggregator can be protected. When the aggregator solves its sub-problem, it is not necessary to obtain all the system information. Besides, the computational complexity is reduced through the distributed optimization. Simulations are conducted on a 35-bus electricity network coupled with a 15-bus gas network. The simulation results reveal that the sharing amount of different kinds of energy can be obtained and the unified market clearing prices of each kind of energy can be achieved. It can be concluded that with the integrated energy sharing of hydrogen and electricity, the total system cost is the lowest and the largest total social welfare can be reached. Besides, the distributed energy storage can be more effective to improve the system stability.","author":[{"family":"Tao","given":"Yuechuan"},{"family":"Qiu","given":"Jing"},{"family":"Lai","given":"Shuying"},{"family":"Zhao","given":"Junhua"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1109/tsg.2020.3023716","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2020.3023716","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W3045397273","type":"article-journal","title":"Interface Issues and Challenges in All‐Solid‐State Batteries: Lithium, Sodium, and Beyond","abstract":"Owing to the promise of high safety and energy density, all-solid-state batteries are attracting incremental interest as one of the most promising next-generation energy storage systems. However, their widespread applications are inhibited by many technical challenges, including low-conductivity electrolytes, dendrite growth, and poor cycle/rate properties. Particularly, the interfacial dynamics between the solid electrolyte and the electrode is considered as a crucial factor in determining solid-state battery performance. In recent years, intensive research efforts have been devoted to understanding the interfacial behavior and strategies to overcome these challenges for all-solid-state batteries. Here, the interfacial principle and engineering in a variety of solid-state batteries, including solid-state lithium/sodium batteries and emerging batteries (lithium-sulfur, lithium-air, etc.), are discussed. Specific attention is paid to interface physics (contact and wettability) and interface chemistry (passivation layer, ionic transport, dendrite growth), as well as the strategies to address the above concerns. The purpose here is to outline the current interface issues and challenges, allowing for target-oriented research for solid-state electrochemical energy storage. Current trends and future perspectives in interfacial engineering are also presented.","author":[{"family":"Lou","given":"Shuaifeng"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Fang"},{"family":"Fu","given":"Chuankai"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Ming"},{"family":"Ma","given":"Yulin"},{"family":"Yin","given":"Geping"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Jiajun"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1002/adma.202000721","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202000721","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W3154321181","type":"article-journal","title":"Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy for All‐Solid‐State Batteries: Theory, Methods and Future Outlook","abstract":"Abstract Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is widely used to probe the physical and chemical processes in lithium (Li)‐ion batteries (LiBs). The key parameters include state‐of‐charge, rate capacity or power fade, degradation and temperature dependence, which are needed to inform battery management systems as well as for quality assurance and monitoring. All‐solid‐state batteries using a solid‐state electrolyte (SE), promise greater energy densities via a Li metal anode as well as enhanced safety, but their development is in its nascent stages and the EIS measurement, cell set‐up and modelling approach can be vastly different for various SE chemistries and cell configurations. This review aims to condense the current knowledge of EIS in the context of state‐of‐the‐art solid‐state electrolytes and batteries, with a view to advancing their scale‐up from the laboratory to commercial deployment. Experimental and modelling best practices are highlighted, as well as emerging impedance methods for conventional LiBs as a guide for opportunities in the solid‐state.","author":[{"family":"Vadhva","given":"Pooja"},{"family":"Hu","given":"Ji"},{"family":"Johnson","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Stocker","given":"Richard"},{"family":"Braglia","given":"Michele"},{"family":"Brett","given":"Dan"},{"family":"Rettie","given":"Alexander"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.1002/celc.202100108","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.202100108","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W4206172760","type":"article-journal","title":"Antiperovskite Electrolytes for Solid-State Batteries","abstract":"Solid-state batteries have fascinated the research community over the past decade, largely due to their improved safety properties and potential for high-energy density. Searching for fast ion conductors with sufficient electrochemical and chemical stabilities is at the heart of solid-state battery research and applications. Recently, significant progress has been made in solid-state electrolyte development. Sulfide-, oxide-, and halide-based electrolytes have been able to achieve high ionic conductivities of more than 10 –3 S/cm at room temperature, which are comparable to liquid-based electrolytes. However, their stability toward Li metal anodes poses significant challenges for these electrolytes. The existence of non-Li cations that can be reduced by Li metal in these electrolytes hinders the application of Li anode and therefore poses an obstacle toward achieving high-energy density. The finding of antiperovskites as ionic conductors in recent years has demonstrated a new and exciting solution. These materials, mainly constructed from Li (or Na), O, and Cl (or Br), are lightweight and electrochemically stable toward metallic Li and possess promising ionic conductivity. Because of the structural flexibility and tunability, antiperovskite electrolytes are excellent candidates for solid-state battery applications, and researchers are still exploring the relationship between their structure and ion diffusion behavior. Herein, the recent progress of antiperovskites for solid-state batteries is reviewed, and the strategies to tune the ionic conductivity by structural manipulation are summarized. Major challenges and future directions are discussed to facilitate the development of antiperovskite-based solid-state batteries.","author":[{"family":"Xia","given":"Wei"},{"family":"Zhao","given":"Yang"},{"family":"Zhao","given":"Yang"},{"family":"Zhao","given":"Feipeng"},{"family":"Adair","given":"Keegan"},{"family":"Zhao","given":"Ruo"},{"family":"Li","given":"Shuai"},{"family":"Zou","given":"Ruqiang"},{"family":"Zhao","given":"Yusheng"},{"family":"Zhao","given":"Yusheng"},{"family":"Sun","given":"Xueliang"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00594","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00594","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W3015452587","type":"article-journal","title":"Garnet-Type Solid-State Electrolytes: Materials, Interfaces, and Batteries","abstract":"Solid-state batteries with desirable advantages, including high-energy density, wide temperature tolerance, and fewer safety-concerns, have been considered as a promising energy storage technology to replace organic liquid electrolyte-dominated Li-ion batteries. Solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) as the most critical component in solid-state batteries largely lead the future battery development. Among different types of solid-state electrolytes, garnet-type Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 (LLZO) solid-state electrolytes have particularly high ionic conductivity (10 –3 to 10 –4 S/cm) and good chemical stability against Li metal, offering a great opportunity for solid-state Li-metal batteries. Since the discovery of garnet-type LLZO in 2007, there has been an increasing interest in the development of garnet-type solid-state electrolytes and all solid-state batteries. Garnet-type electrolyte has been considered one of the most promising and important solid-state electrolytes for batteries with potential benefits in energy density, electrochemical stability, high temperature stability, and safety. In this Review, we will survey recent development of garnet-type LLZO electrolytes with discussions of experimental studies and theoretical results in parallel, LLZO electrolyte synthesis strategies and modifications, stability of garnet solid electrolytes/electrodes, emerging nanostructure designs, degradation mechanisms and mitigations, and battery architectures and integrations. We will also provide a target-oriented research overview of garnet-type LLZO electrolyte and its application in various types of solid-state battery concepts (e.g., Li-ion, Li–S, and Li–air), and we will show opportunities and perspectives as guides for future development of solid electrolytes and solid-state batteries.","author":[{"family":"Wang","given":"Chengwei"},{"family":"Fu","given":"Kun"},{"family":"Kammampata","given":"Sanoop"},{"family":"Mcowen","given":"Dennis"},{"family":"Samson","given":"Alfred"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Lei"},{"family":"Hitz","given":"Gregory"},{"family":"Nolan","given":"Adelaide"},{"family":"Wachsman","given":"Eric"},{"family":"Mo","given":"Yifei"},{"family":"Thangadurai","given":"Venkataraman"},{"family":"Hu","given":"Liangbing"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00427","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00427","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W3005233177","type":"article-journal","title":"Materials design of ionic conductors for solid state batteries","abstract":"Abstract All-solid-state batteries, employing inorganic ion conductors as electrolytes, can surpass the current Li-ion technology in terms of energy density, battery safety, specific power, as well as a fast-charging capability; however, a highly conductive solid electrolyte is essential. While recent extensive explorations of solid ion conductors have led to a list of candidate materials, there are still enormous variations of the ionic conductivity even within the same class of the materials, indicating the strong influence of structural modifications on the ion transport. In this review, besides revisiting general strategies of materials design for fast ion transport, we summarize the present state of affairs of promising classes of crystalline solid electrolytes, including a structural description and an overview of the observed static lattice effects alongside with open questions specific for the pertinent material classes. In the end, future directions and open questions to design and develop solid electrolytes, i.e. upcoming classes of materials, influence of lattice dynamics and inductive effects, the origin of energy landscape flattening, and the impact of synthesis routes are discussed. We hope this review provides a shape of the current status of the field of crystalline ion conductors.","author":[{"family":"Ohno","given":"Saneyuki"},{"family":"Banik","given":"Ananya"},{"family":"Dewald","given":"Georg"},{"family":"Kraft","given":"Marvin"},{"family":"Krauskopf","given":"Thorben"},{"family":"Minafra","given":"Nicolò"},{"family":"Till","given":"Paul"},{"family":"Weiß","given":"Manuel"},{"family":"Zeier","given":"Wolfgang"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1088/2516-1083/ab73dd","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2516-1083/ab73dd","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W4294609002","type":"article-journal","title":"Role of Interfaces in Solid‐State Batteries","abstract":"Solid-state batteries (SSBs) are considered as one of the most promising candidates for the next-generation energy-storage technology, because they simultaneously exhibit high safety, high energy density, and wide operating temperature range. The replacement of liquid electrolytes with solid electrolytes produces numerous solid-solid interfaces within the SSBs. A thorough understanding on the roles of these interfaces is indispensable for the rational performance optimization. In this review, the interface issues in the SSBs, including internal buried interfaces within solid electrolytes and composite electrodes, and planar interfaces between electrodes and solid electrolyte separators or current collectors are discussed. The challenges and future directions on the investigation and optimization of these solid-solid interfaces for the production of the SSBs are also assessed.","author":[{"family":"Miao","given":"Xiang"},{"family":"Guan","given":"Shundong"},{"family":"Ma","given":"Cheng"},{"family":"Li","given":"Liangliang"},{"family":"Nan","given":"Ce‐wen"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1002/adma.202206402","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202206402","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W4288438084","type":"article-journal","title":"Designing Cathodes and Cathode Active Materials for Solid‐State Batteries","abstract":"Abstract Solid‐state batteries (SSBs) currently attract great attention as a potentially safe electrochemical high‐energy storage concept. However, several issues still prevent SSBs from outperforming today's lithium‐ion batteries based on liquid electrolytes. One major challenge is related to the design of cathode active materials (CAMs) that are compatible with the superionic solid electrolytes (SEs) of interest. This perspective, gives a brief overview of the required properties and possible challenges for inorganic CAMs employed in SSBs, and describes state‐of‐the art solutions. In particular, the issue of tailoring CAMs is structured into challenges arising on the cathode‐, particle‐, and interface‐level, related to microstructural, (chemo‐)mechanical, and (electro‐)chemical interplay of CAMs with SEs, and finally guidelines for future CAM development for SSBs are proposed.","author":[{"family":"Minnmann","given":"Philip"},{"family":"Strauss","given":"Florian"},{"family":"Bielefeld","given":"Anja"},{"family":"Rueß","given":"Raffael"},{"family":"Adelhelm","given":"Philipp"},{"family":"Burkhardt","given":"Simon"},{"family":"Dreyer","given":"Sören"},{"family":"Trevisanello","given":"Enrico"},{"family":"Ehrenberg","given":"Helmut"},{"family":"Brezesinski","given":"Torsten"},{"family":"Richter","given":"Felix"},{"family":"Janek","given":"Jürgen"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1002/aenm.202201425","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202201425","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W4293581728","type":"article-journal","title":"Battery Safety: From Lithium-Ion to Solid-State Batteries","abstract":"With the continuous expansion of lithium-ion battery production and application scenarios, the safety issue of lithium-ion battery has gradually become prominent, which has attracted extensive attention of the academia and industry. Employing solid electrolyte to replace liquid electrolyte to develop solid-state batteries (SSBs) is expected to improve battery performance while ensuring battery safety. This paper will analyze the safety accidents of LIBs taken place in recent years and discuss the characteristics of these safety accidents, then the current strategies to improve the safety of LIBs; Furthermore, new opportunities will be discussed that the SSBs may encounter for designing battery of intrinsic safety, passive and active safety strategies at the material, cell, and system levels.","author":[{"family":"Yu","given":"Xiqian"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Rusong"},{"family":"Gan","given":"Luyu"},{"family":"Li","given":"Hong"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Liquan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.eng.2022.06.022","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2022.06.022","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W3112909335","type":"article-journal","title":"Lithium‐Metal Anode Instability of the Superionic Halide Solid Electrolytes and the Implications for Solid‐State Batteries","abstract":"Abstract Owing to high ionic conductivity and good oxidation stability, halide‐based solid electrolytes regain interest for application in solid‐state batteries. While stability at the cathode interface seems to be given, the stability against the lithium metal anode has not been explored yet. Herein, the formation of a reaction layer between Li 3 InCl 6 (Li 3 YCl 6 ) and lithium is studied by sputter deposition of lithium metal and subsequent in situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy as well as by impedance spectroscopy. The interface is thermodynamically unstable and results in a continuously growing interphase resistance. Additionally, the interface between Li 3 InCl 6 and Li 6 PS 5 Cl is characterized by impedance spectroscopy to discern whether a combined use as cathode electrolyte and separator electrolyte, respectively, might enable long‐term stable and low impedance operation. In fact, oxidation stable halide‐based lithium superionic conductors cannot be used against Li, but may be promising candidates as cathode electrolytes.","author":[{"family":"Riegger","given":"Luise"},{"family":"Schlem","given":"Roman"},{"family":"Sann","given":"Joachim"},{"family":"Zeier","given":"Wolfgang"},{"family":"Janek","given":"Jürgen"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1002/anie.202015238","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202015238","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W4294897884","type":"article-journal","title":"Prospects of halide-based all-solid-state batteries: From material design to practical application","abstract":"The safety of lithium-ion batteries has caused notable concerns about their widespread adoption in electric vehicles. A nascent but promising approach to enhancing battery safety is using solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) to develop all-solid-state batteries, which exhibit unrivaled safety and superior energy density. A new family of SSEs based on halogen chemistry has recently gained renewed interest because of their high ionic conductivity, high-voltage stability, good deformability, and cost-effective and scalable synthesis routes. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of halide SSEs concerning their crystal structures, ion transport kinetics, and viability for mass production. Furthermore, their moisture sensitivity and interfacial challenges are summarized with corresponding effective strategies. Last, halide-based all-solid-state Li-ion and Li-S pouch cells with energy density targets of 400 and 500 Wh kg −1 are projected to guide future endeavors. This work serves as a comprehensive guideline for developing halide SSEs from material design to practical application.","author":[{"family":"Wang","given":"Changhong"},{"family":"Liang","given":"Jianwen"},{"family":"Kim","given":"Jung"},{"family":"Sun","given":"Xueliang"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1126/sciadv.adc9516","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adc9516","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W3163813770","type":"article-journal","title":"Lithium solid-state batteries: State-of-the-art and challenges for materials, interfaces and processing","abstract":"Lithium solid-state batteries (SSBs) are considered as a promising solution to the safety issues and energy density limitations of state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries. Recently, the possibility of developing practical SSBs has emerged thanks to striking advances at the level of materials; such as the discovery of new highly-conductive solid-state electrolytes. Consequently, the focus in research has progressively shifted towards the integration of the various components, the battery's functionality at full cell level, and the scalability of the fabrication processes. Considering these points, the development of SSBs still faces formidable challenges. This review covers the recent advances in SSB development, stressing the importance of full cell integration. The most relevant materials and fabrication processes are briefly summarized and their potential applications in SSBs are examined. The main challenges and strategies for full cell integration are then discussed highlighting the most promising materials and the best suited processing techniques. Particular attention is paid on the mutual compatibility of the cell components, the properties of the interfaces within the cell (anode-electrolyte, cathode-electrolyte, intra-electrolyte) and the strategies applied to stabilize and minimize the resistance of these interfaces via compatible processing.","author":[{"family":"Boaretto","given":"Nicola"},{"family":"Garbayo","given":"Íñigo"},{"family":"Valiyaveettil-Sobhanraj","given":"Sona"},{"family":"Quintela","given":"Amaia"},{"family":"Li","given":"Chunmei"},{"family":"Casascabanas","given":"Montse"},{"family":"Aguesse","given":"Frédéric"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.229919","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.229919","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W3016015514","type":"article-journal","title":"Enabling Stable Cycling of 4.2 V High‐Voltage All‐Solid‐State Batteries with PEO‐Based Solid Electrolyte","abstract":"Abstract Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)‐based solid electrolytes are expected to be exploited in solid‐state batteries with high safety. Its narrow electrochemical window, however, limits the potential for high voltage and high energy density applications. Herein the electrochemical oxidation behavior of PEO and the failure mechanisms of LiCoO 2 ‐PEO solid‐state batteries are studied. It is found that although for pure PEO it starts to oxidize at a voltage of above 3.9 V versus Li/Li + , the decomposition products have appropriate Li + conductivity that unexpectedly form a relatively stable cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) layer at the PEO and electrode interface. The performance degradation of the LiCoO 2 ‐PEO battery originates from the strong oxidizing ability of LiCoO 2 after delithiation at high voltages, which accelerates the decomposition of PEO and drives the self‐oxygen‐release of LiCoO 2 , leading to the unceasing growth of CEI and the destruction of the LiCoO 2 surface. When LiCoO 2 is well coated or a stable cathode LiMn 0.7 Fe 0.3 PO 4 is used, a substantially improved electrochemical performance can be achieved, with 88.6% capacity retention after 50 cycles for Li 1.4 Al 0.4 Ti 1.6 (PO 4 ) 3 coated LiCoO 2 and 90.3% capacity retention after 100 cycles for LiMn 0.7 Fe 0.3 PO 4 . The results suggest that, when paired with stable cathodes, the PEO‐based solid polymer electrolytes could be compatible with high voltage operation.","author":[{"family":"Qiu","given":"Jiliang"},{"family":"Liu","given":"Xinyu"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Rusong"},{"family":"Li","given":"Qinghao"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Yi"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Penghao"},{"family":"Gan","given":"Luyu"},{"family":"Lee","given":"Sang‐jun"},{"family":"Nordlund","given":"Dennis"},{"family":"Liu","given":"Yijin"},{"family":"Yu","given":"Xiqian"},{"family":"Bai","given":"Xuedong"},{"family":"Li","given":"Hong"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Liquan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1002/adfm.201909392","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201909392","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W4224596107","type":"article-journal","title":"Emerging Halide Superionic Conductors for All-Solid-State Batteries: Design, Synthesis, and Practical Applications","abstract":"Recently, halide superionic conductors have emerged as promising solid electrolyte (SE) materials for all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs), owing to their inherent properties combining high Li + conductivity, good chemical and electrochemical oxidation stabilities, and mechanical deformability, compared to sulfide or oxide SEs. In this Review, recent advances in halide Li + - and Na + -conducting SEs are comprehensively summarized. After introducing the ionic diffusion mechanism and related governing factors of the crystal structures, we discuss the design strategies, such as the substitution and synthesis protocols, of the halide materials for further improving their properties. We review theoretical and experimental results on electrochemical stabilities and compatibilities with electrode materials. Moreover, we offer a critical assessment of the challenges and issues associated with the development of practical ASSB applications, such as cost considerations, stabilities in atmospheric air, aqueous solutions, and slurry-processing, and the wet-slurry or dry fabrication of sheet-type electrodes (or SE membranes) for large-format ASSBs. Based on these discussions, we provide a perspective on the future research directions of halide SEs, emphasizing the need for expanding the materials space.","author":[{"family":"Kwak","given":"Hiram"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Shuo"},{"family":"Park","given":"Juhyoun"},{"family":"Liu","given":"Yunsheng"},{"family":"Kim","given":"Kyu"},{"family":"Choi","given":"Yeji"},{"family":"Mo","given":"Yifei"},{"family":"Jung","given":"Yoon"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1021/acsenergylett.2c00438","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.2c00438","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W3103159778","type":"article-journal","title":"Insights into interfacial effect and local lithium-ion transport in polycrystalline cathodes of solid-state batteries","abstract":"Interfacial issues commonly exist in solid-state batteries, and the microstructural complexity combines with the chemical heterogeneity to govern the local interfacial chemistry. The conventional wisdom suggests that \"point-to-point\" ion diffusion at the interface determines the ion transport kinetics. Here, we show that solid-solid ion transport kinetics are not only impacted by the physical interfacial contact but are also closely associated with the interior local environments within polycrystalline particles. In spite of the initial discrete interfacial contact, solid-state batteries may still display homogeneous lithium-ion transportation owing to the chemical potential force to achieve an ionic-electronic equilibrium. Nevertheless, once the interior local environment within secondary particle is disrupted upon cycling, it triggers charge distribution from homogeneity to heterogeneity and leads to fast capacity fading. Our work highlights the importance of interior local environment within polycrystalline particles for electrochemical reactions in solid-state batteries and provides crucial insights into underlying mechanism in interfacial transport.","author":[{"family":"Lou","given":"Shuaifeng"},{"family":"Liu","given":"Qianwen"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Fang"},{"family":"Liu","given":"Qingsong"},{"family":"Yu","given":"Zhenjiang"},{"family":"Mu","given":"Tiansheng"},{"family":"Zhao","given":"Yang"},{"family":"Borovilas","given":"James"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Yijun"},{"family":"Ge","given":"Mingyuan"},{"family":"Xiao","given":"Xianghui"},{"family":"Lee","given":"Wah"},{"family":"Yin","given":"Geping"},{"family":"Yang","given":"Yuan"},{"family":"Sun","given":"Xueliang"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Jiajun"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1038/s41467-020-19528-9","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19528-9","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W3042005183","type":"article-journal","title":"In Situ Construction of a LiF‐Enriched Interface for Stable All‐Solid‐State Batteries and its Origin Revealed by Cryo‐TEM","abstract":"Abstract The application of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) is still inherently limited by the unstable lithium (Li)/electrolyte interface, despite the advantages of security, flexibility, and workability of SPEs. Herein, the Li/electrolyte interface is modified by introducing Li 2 S additive to harvest stable all‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Cryo‐transmission electron microscopy (cryo‐TEM) results demonstrate a mosaic interface between poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) electrolytes and Li metal anodes, in which abundant crystalline grains of Li, Li 2 O, LiOH, and Li 2 CO 3 are randomly distributed. Besides, cryo‐TEM visualization, combined with molecular dynamics simulations, reveals that the introduction of Li 2 S accelerates the decomposition of N(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 − and consequently promotes the formation of abundant LiF nanocrystals in the Li/PEO interface. The generated LiF is further verified to inhibit the breakage of CO bonds in the polymer chains and prevents the continuous interface reaction between Li and PEO. Therefore, the all‐solid‐state LMBs with the LiF‐enriched interface exhibit improved cycling capability and stability in a cell configuration with an ultralong lifespan over 1800 h. This work is believed to open up a new avenue for rational design of high‐performance all‐solid‐state LMBs.","author":[{"family":"Sheng","given":"Ouwei"},{"family":"Zheng","given":"Jianhui"},{"family":"Ju","given":"Zhijin"},{"family":"Jin","given":"Chengbin"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Yao"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Meizhu"},{"family":"Nai","given":"Jianwei"},{"family":"Liu","given":"Tiefeng"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Wenkui"},{"family":"Liu","given":"Yujing"},{"family":"Tao","given":"Xinyong"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1002/adma.202000223","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202000223","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W4224246016","type":"article-journal","title":"A Global Assessment: Can Renewable Energy Replace Fossil Fuels by 2050?","abstract":"Our study evaluated the effectiveness of using eight pathways in combination for a complete to transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy by 2050. These pathways included renewable energy development; improving energy efficiency; increasing energy conservation; carbon taxes; more equitable balancing of human wellbeing and per capita energy use; cap and trade systems; carbon capture, utilization, and storage; and nuclear power development. We used the annual ‘British Petroleum statistical review of world energy 2021’ report as our primary database. Globally, fossil fuels, renewable (primarily hydro, wind and solar), nuclear energy accounted for 83%, 12.6%, and 6.3% of the total energy consumption in 2020. To achieve zero fossil fuel use by 2050, we found that renewable energy production will need to be increased by up to 6-fold or 8-fold if energy demand is held constant at, or increased 50% from, the 2020 energy demand level. Constraining 2050 world energy demand to a 25% increase over the 2020 level, improves the probability of achieving independence from fossil fuels. Improvements in energy efficiency need to accelerate beyond the current rate of ~1.5% per year. Aggressive application of energy conservation policies involving land use and taxation could potentially reduce world energy use by 10% or more by 2050. Our meta-analysis shows that the minimum level of per capita energy consumption that would allow 8 billion people to have a ‘Decent Living Standard’ is on average ~70 GJ per capita per year, which is 93% of the 2020 global average. Developed countries in temperate climates with high vehicle-dependency needed ~120 GJ per capita year−1, whereas equatorial countries with low vehicle-dependency needed 30 GJ per capita year−1. Our meta-analyses indicated replacement of fossil fuels with renewable energy by 2050 may be possible but will require aggressive application of all eight pathways, major lifestyle changes in developed countries, and close cooperation among all countries.","author":[{"family":"Holechek","given":"Jerry"},{"family":"Geli","given":"Hatim"},{"family":"Sawalhah","given":"Mohammed"},{"family":"Valdéz","given":"Raul"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.3390/su14084792","URL":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084792","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W4293879976","type":"article-journal","title":"A comprehensive study of renewable energy sources: Classifications, challenges and suggestions","abstract":"Renewable energy (RE) is the key element of sustainable, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective electricity generation. An official report by International Energy Agency (IEA) states that the demand on fossil fuel usage to generate electricity has started to decrease since year 2019, along with the rise of RE usage to supply global energy demands. Researches on RE technologies are continuously growing in order to enhance the performance of RE generation, especially in term of energy conversion efficiency. The aim of this review paper is to understand and study further the current RE technologies such as solar energy, hydro energy, wind energy, bioenergy, geothermal energy, and hydrogen energy. Several hybrid RE technologies have been also studied and compared, to improve the overall performance of RE in generating electricity. Lastly, suggestions are provided for the purpose to solve and overcome the challenges and limitations of RE technologies in terms of economy, technical, and energy conversion efficiency.","author":[{"family":"Ang","given":"Tze"},{"family":"Salem","given":"Mohamed"},{"family":"Kamarol","given":"Mohamad"},{"family":"Das","given":"Himadry"},{"family":"Nazari","given":"Mohammad"},{"family":"Prabaharan","given":"Natarajan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.esr.2022.100939","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2022.100939","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W3000135192","type":"article-journal","title":"Renewable energy and geopolitics: A review","abstract":"This article reviews the literature on the geopolitics of renewable energy. It finds that while the roots of this literature can be traced back to the 1970s and 1980s, most of it has been published from 2010 onwards. The following aggregate conclusions are extracted from the literature: renewable energy has many advantages over fossil fuels for international security and peace; however, renewable energy is thought to exacerbate security risks and geopolitical tensions related to critical materials and cybersecurity; former hydrocarbon exporters will likely be the greatest losers from the energy transition. Many of the reviewed publications share some weaknesses: a failure to define “geopolitics”; an unwarranted assumption that very little has been published in the field previously; limited use of established forecasting, scenario-building or foresight methodologies; a lack of recognition of the complexity of the field; a lack of theorisation. Most authors do not distinguish between the geopolitical risks associated with different types of renewable energy, and only a few distinguish clearly between the geopolitics of the transitional phase and the geopolitics of a post-energy transition world. A disproportionately large part of the literature is dedicated to critical materials and cybersecurity, while only a small part concerns the decline of former fossil fuel powers. Among those publications that do discuss the decline of fossil fuels, there is also an over-focus on oil producers and a lack of attention to the countries that rely heavily on coal, for example Australia, China, Germany, Indonesia, Poland and the United States.","author":[{"family":"Vakulchuk","given":"Roman"},{"family":"Øverland","given":"Indra"},{"family":"Scholten","given":"Daniel"},{"family":"Overland","given":"Indra"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.rser.2019.109547","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.109547","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W3049476145","type":"article-journal","title":"Challenges of renewable energy penetration on power system flexibility: A survey","abstract":"Flexibility in power systems is ability to provide supply-demand balance, maintain continuity in unexpected situations, and cope with uncertainty on supply-demand sides. The new method and management requirements to provide flexibility have emerged from the trend towards power systems increasing renewable energy penetration with generation uncertainty and availability. In this study, the historical development of power system flexibility concept, the flexible power system characteristics, flexibility sources, and evaluation parameters are presented as part of international literature. The impact of variable renewable energy sources penetration on power system transient stability, small-signal stability, and frequency stability are discussed; the studies are presented to the researchers for further studies. Moreover, flexibility measurement studies are investigated, and methods of providing flexibility are evaluated.","author":[{"family":"Impram","given":"Semich"},{"family":"Neşe","given":"Seçil"},{"family":"Oral","given":"Bülent"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.esr.2020.100539","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2020.100539","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W4307479757","type":"article-journal","title":"Cost, environmental impact, and resilience of renewable energy under a changing climate: a review","abstract":"Abstract Energy derived from fossil fuels contributes significantly to global climate change, accounting for more than 75% of global greenhouse gas emissions and approximately 90% of all carbon dioxide emissions. Alternative energy from renewable sources must be utilized to decarbonize the energy sector. However, the adverse effects of climate change, such as increasing temperatures, extreme winds, rising sea levels, and decreased precipitation, may impact renewable energies. Here we review renewable energies with a focus on costs, the impact of climate on renewable energies, the impact of renewable energies on the environment, economy, and on decarbonization in different countries. We focus on solar, wind, biomass, hydropower, and geothermal energy. We observe that the price of solar photovoltaic energy has declined from $0.417 in 2010 to $0.048/kilowatt-hour in 2021. Similarly, prices have declined by 68% for onshore wind, 60% for offshore wind, 68% for concentrated solar power, and 14% for biomass energy. Wind energy and hydropower production could decrease by as much as 40% in some regions due to climate change, whereas solar energy appears the least impacted energy source. Climate change can also modify biomass productivity, growth, chemical composition, and soil microbial communities. Hydroelectric power plants are the most damaging to the environment; and solar photovoltaics must be carefully installed to reduce their impact. Wind turbines and biomass power plants have a minimal environmental impact; therefore, they should be implemented extensively. Renewable energy sources could decarbonize 90% of the electricity industry by 2050, drastically reducing carbon emissions, and contributing to climate change mitigation. By establishing the zero carbon emission decarbonization concept, the future of renewable energy is promising, with the potential to replace fossil fuel-derived energy and limit global temperature rise to 1.5 °C by 2050.","author":[{"family":"Osman","given":"Ahmed"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Lin"},{"family":"Yang","given":"Mingyu"},{"family":"Msigwa","given":"Goodluck"},{"family":"Farghali","given":"Mohamed"},{"family":"Fawzy","given":"Samer"},{"family":"Rooney","given":"David"},{"family":"Yap","given":"Pow‐seng"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1007/s10311-022-01532-8","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-022-01532-8","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W3003014070","type":"article-journal","title":"Progress and Perspective of Ceramic/Polymer Composite Solid Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries","abstract":"Abstract Solid composite electrolytes (SCEs) that combine the advantages of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) and inorganic ceramic electrolytes (ICEs) present acceptable ionic conductivity, high mechanical strength, and favorable interfacial contact with electrodes, which greatly improve the electrochemical performance of all‐solid‐state batteries compared to single SPEs and ICEs. However, there are many challenges to overcome before the practical application of SCEs, including the low ionic conductivity less than 10 −3 S cm −1 at ambient temperature, poor interfacial stability, and high interfacial resistance, which greatly restrict the room temperature performance. Herein, the advances of SCEs applied in all‐solid‐state lithium batteries are presented, including the Li ion migration mechanism of SCEs, the strategies to enhance the ionic conductivity of SCEs by various morphologies of ICEs, and construction methods of the low resistance and stable interfaces of SCEs with both cathode and anode. Finally, some typical applications of SCEs in lithium batteries are summarized and future development directions are prospected. This work presents how it is quite significant to further enhance the ionic conductivity of SCEs by developing the novel SPEs with the special morphology of ICEs for advanced all‐solid‐state lithium batteries.","author":[{"family":"Song","given":"Li"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Shiqi"},{"family":"Shen","given":"Lu"},{"family":"Liu","given":"Qi"},{"family":"Ma","given":"Jiabin"},{"family":"Lv","given":"Wei"},{"family":"He","given":"Yan‐bing"},{"family":"Yang","given":"Quan‐hong"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1002/advs.201903088","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201903088","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W4214899668","type":"article-journal","title":"Solid-state lithium batteries: Safety and prospects","abstract":"Solid-state lithium batteries are flourishing due to their excellent potential energy density. Substantial efforts have been made to improve their electrochemical performance by increasing the conductivity of solid-state electrolytes (SEs) and designing a compatible battery configuration. The safety of a solid lithium battery has generally been taken for granted due to the nonflammability and strength of SEs. However, recent results have shown the release of dangerous gases and intense heat due to the formation of lithium dendrites, indicating the safety of solid-state lithium batteries may have been overestimated. In this review, we introduce a safety evaluation methodology, then focus on the garnet Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) and sulfide-based SEs, summarizing their structure, conductivity, compatibility with a lithium metal anode, electrochemical/chemical stability, and mechanical/thermal stability, which correlate closely with battery safety. We also evaluate the safety of all-solid-state lithium batteries, then conclude by discussing future avenues for improving the safety of SE-based batteries.","author":[{"family":"Guo","given":"Yong"},{"family":"Wu","given":"Shichao"},{"family":"He","given":"Yan‐bing"},{"family":"Kang","given":"Feiyu"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Liquan"},{"family":"Li","given":"Hong"},{"family":"Yang","given":"Quan‐hong"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.esci.2022.02.008","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esci.2022.02.008","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W3094089673","type":"article-journal","title":"A review of composite solid-state electrolytes for lithium batteries: fundamentals, key materials and advanced structures","abstract":"All-solid-state lithium ion batteries (ASSLBs) are considered next-generation devices for energy storage due to their advantages in safety and potentially high energy density. As the key component in ASSLBs, solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) with non-flammability and good adaptability to lithium metal anodes have attracted extensive attention in recent years. Among the current SSEs, composite solid-state electrolytes (CSSEs) with multiple phases have greater flexibility to customize and combine the advantages of single-phase electrolytes, which have been widely investigated recently and regarded as promising candidates for commercial ASSLBs. Based on existing investigations, herein, we present a comprehensive overview of the recent developments in CSSEs. Initially, we introduce the historical development from solid-state ionic conductors to CSSEs, and then summarize the fundamentals including mechanisms of lithium ion transport, key evaluation parameters, design principles, and key materials. Four main types of advanced structures for CSSEs are classified and highlighted according to the recent progress. Moreover, advanced characterization and computational simulation techniques including machine learning are reviewed for the first time, and the main challenges and perspectives of CSSEs are also provided for their future development.","author":[{"family":"Zheng","given":"Yun"},{"family":"Yao","given":"Yuze"},{"family":"Ou","given":"Jiahua"},{"family":"Li","given":"Matthew"},{"family":"Luo","given":"Dan"},{"family":"Dou","given":"Haozhen"},{"family":"Li","given":"Zhaoqiang"},{"family":"Amine","given":"Khalil"},{"family":"Yu","given":"Aiping"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Zhongwei"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1039/d0cs00305k","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d0cs00305k","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W3005657800","type":"article-journal","title":"Guidelines and trends for next-generation rechargeable lithium and lithium-ion batteries","abstract":"Commercial lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries suffer from low energy density and do not meet the growing demands of the energy storage market. Therefore, building next-generation rechargeable Li and Li-ion batteries with higher energy densities, better safety characteristics, lower cost and longer cycle life is of outmost importance. To achieve smaller and lighter next-generation rechargeable Li and Li-ion batteries that can outperform commercial Li-ion batteries, several new energy storage chemistries are being extensively studied. In this review, we summarize the current trends and provide guidelines towards achieving this goal, by addressing batteries using high-voltage cathodes, metal fluoride electrodes, chalcogen electrodes, Li metal anodes, high-capacity anodes as well as useful electrolyte solutions. We discuss the choice of active materials, practically achievable energy densities and challenges faced by the respective battery systems. Furthermore, strategies to overcome remaining challenges for achieving energy characteristics are addressed in the hope of providing a useful and balanced assessment of current status and perspectives of rechargeable Li and Li-ion batteries.","author":[{"family":"Wu","given":"Feixiang"},{"family":"Maier","given":"Joachim"},{"family":"Yu","given":"Yan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1039/c7cs00863e","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cs00863e","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W3110937578","type":"article-journal","title":"A Review of Energy Storage Technologies’ Application Potentials in Renewable Energy Sources Grid Integration","abstract":"Renewable energy sources (RESs) such as wind and solar are frequently hit by fluctuations due to, for example, insufficient wind or sunshine. Energy storage technologies (ESTs) mitigate the problem by storing excess energy generated and then making it accessible on demand. While there are various EST studies, the literature remains isolated and dated. The comparison of the characteristics of ESTs and their potential applications is also short. This paper fills this gap. Using selected criteria, it identifies key ESTs and provides an updated review of the literature on ESTs and their application potential to the renewable energy sector. The critical review shows a high potential application for Li-ion batteries and most fit to mitigate the fluctuation of RESs in utility grid integration sector. However, for Li-ion batteries to be fully adopted in the RESs utility grid integration, their cost needs to be reduced.","author":[{"family":"Behabtu","given":"Henok"},{"family":"Messagie","given":"Maarten"},{"family":"Coosemans","given":"Thierry"},{"family":"Berecibar","given":"Maitane"},{"family":"Fante","given":"Kinde"},{"family":"Kebede","given":"Abraham"},{"family":"Mierlo","given":"Joeri"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.3390/su122410511","URL":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410511","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2999701971","type":"article-journal","title":"Battery Technologies for Grid-Level Large-Scale Electrical Energy Storage","abstract":"Abstract Grid-level large-scale electrical energy storage (GLEES) is an essential approach for balancing the supply–demand of electricity generation, distribution, and usage. Compared with conventional energy storage methods, battery technologies are desirable energy storage devices for GLEES due to their easy modularization, rapid response, flexible installation, and short construction cycles. In general, battery energy storage technologies are expected to meet the requirements of GLEES such as peak shaving and load leveling, voltage and frequency regulation, and emergency response, which are highlighted in this perspective. Furthermore, several types of battery technologies, including lead–acid, nickel–cadmium, nickel–metal hydride, sodium–sulfur, lithium-ion, and flow batteries, are discussed in detail for the application of GLEES. Moreover, some possible developing directions to facilitate efforts in this area are presented to establish a perspective on battery technology, provide a road map for guiding future studies, and promote the commercial application of batteries for GLEES.","author":[{"family":"Fan","given":"Xiayue"},{"family":"Liu","given":"Bin"},{"family":"Liu","given":"Jie"},{"family":"Ding","given":"Jia"},{"family":"Han","given":"Xiaopeng"},{"family":"Deng","given":"Yida"},{"family":"Lv","given":"Xiaojun"},{"family":"Xie","given":"Ying"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Bing"},{"family":"Hu","given":"Wenbin"},{"family":"Zhong","given":"Cheng"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1007/s12209-019-00231-w","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12209-019-00231-w","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W4220770038","type":"article-journal","title":"A Review of Modeling and Applications of Energy Storage Systems in Power Grids","abstract":"As the penetration of variable renewable generation increases in power systems, issues, such as grid stiffness, larger frequency deviations, and grid stability, are becoming more relevant, particularly in view of 100% renewable energy networks, which is the future of smart grids. In this context, energy storage systems (ESSs) are proving to be indispensable for facilitating the integration of renewable energy sources (RESs), are being widely deployed in both microgrids and bulk power systems, and thus will be the hallmark of the clean electrical grids of the future. Hence, this article reviews several energy storage technologies that are rapidly evolving to address the RES integration challenge, particularly compressed air energy storage (CAES), flywheels, batteries, and thermal ESSs, and their modeling and applications in power grids. An overview of these ESSs is provided, focusing on new models and applications in microgrids and distribution and transmission grids for grid operation, markets, stability, and control.","author":[{"family":"Calero","given":"Fabian"},{"family":"Cañizares","given":"Claudio"},{"family":"Bhattacharya","given":"Kankar"},{"family":"Anierobi","given":"Chioma"},{"family":"Calero","given":"Ivan"},{"family":"Souza","given":"Matheus"},{"family":"Farrokhabadi","given":"Mostafa"},{"family":"Guzman","given":"Noela"},{"family":"Mendieta","given":"William"},{"family":"Peralta","given":"Dario"},{"family":"Solanki","given":"Bharatkumar"},{"family":"Padmanabhan","given":"Nitin"},{"family":"Violante","given":"Walter"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1109/jproc.2022.3158607","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2022.3158607","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W3088739094","type":"article-journal","title":"Stable perovskite solar cells with efficiency exceeding 24.8% and 0.3-V voltage loss","abstract":"Further improvement and stabilization of perovskite solar cell (PSC) performance are essential to achieve the commercial viability of next-generation photovoltaics. Considering the benefits of fluorination to conjugated materials for energy levels, hydrophobicity, and noncovalent interactions, two fluorinated isomeric analogs of the well-known hole-transporting material (HTM) Spiro-OMeTAD are developed and used as HTMs in PSCs. The structure-property relationship induced by constitutional isomerism is investigated through experimental, atomistic, and theoretical analyses, and the fabricated PSCs feature high efficiency up to 24.82% (certified at 24.64% with 0.3-volt voltage loss), along with long-term stability in wet conditions without encapsulation (87% efficiency retention after 500 hours). We also achieve an efficiency of 22.31% in the large-area cell.","author":[{"family":"Jeong","given":"Mingyu"},{"family":"Choi","given":"In"},{"family":"Go","given":"Eun"},{"family":"Cho","given":"Yongjoon"},{"family":"Kim","given":"Minjin"},{"family":"Lee","given":"Byongkyu"},{"family":"Jeong","given":"Seonghun"},{"family":"Jo","given":"Yimhyun"},{"family":"Choi","given":"Hyewon"},{"family":"Lee","given":"Jiyun"},{"family":"Bae","given":"Jin‐hyuk"},{"family":"Kwak","given":"Sang"},{"family":"Kim","given":"Dong"},{"family":"Yang","given":"Changduk"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1126/science.abb7167","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb7167","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W3010753802","type":"article-journal","title":"Resolving spatial and energetic distributions of trap states in metal halide perovskite solar cells","abstract":"Mapping perovskite trap states The high efficiency of hybrid inorganic-organic perovskite solar cells is mainly limited by defects that trap the charge carriers and lead to unproductive recombination. Ni et al. used drive-level capacitance profiling to map the spatial and energetic distribution of trap states in both polycrystalline and single-crystal perovskite solar cells. The interface trap densities were up to five orders of magnitude higher than the bulk trap densities. Deep traps were mainly located at the interface of perovskites and hole-transport layers, where processing created a high density of nanocrystals. These results should aid efforts aimed at avoiding trap-state formation or passivating such defects. Science , this issue p. 1352","author":[{"family":"Ni","given":"Zhenyi"},{"family":"Bao","given":"Chunxiong"},{"family":"Liu","given":"Ye"},{"family":"Jiang","given":"Qi"},{"family":"Wu","given":"Wu"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Shangshang"},{"family":"Dai","given":"Xuezeng"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Bo"},{"family":"Hartweg","given":"Barry"},{"family":"Yu","given":"Zhengshan"},{"family":"Holman","given":"Zachary"},{"family":"Huang","given":"Jinsong"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1126/science.aba0893","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aba0893","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W4224247759","type":"article-journal","title":"Organometallic-functionalized interfaces for highly efficient inverted perovskite solar cells","abstract":"Further enhancing the performance and stability of inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is crucial for their commercialization. We report that the functionalization of multication and halide perovskite interfaces with an organometallic compound, ferrocenyl-bis-thiophene-2-carboxylate (FcTc 2 ), simultaneously enhanced the efficiency and stability of inverted PSCs. The resultant devices achieved a power conversion efficiency of 25.0% and maintained &gt;98% of their initial efficiency after continuously operating at the maximum power point for 1500 hours under simulated AM1.5 illumination. Moreover, the FcTc 2 -functionalized devices passed the international standards for mature photovoltaics (IEC61215:2016) and have exhibited high stability under the damp heat test (85°C and 85% relative humidity).","author":[{"family":"Li","given":"Zhen"},{"family":"Li","given":"Bo"},{"family":"Wu","given":"Xin"},{"family":"Sheppard","given":"Stephanie"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Shoufeng"},{"family":"Gao","given":"Danpeng"},{"family":"Long","given":"Nicholas"},{"family":"Zhu","given":"Zonglong"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1126/science.abm8566","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abm8566","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W4206188804","type":"article-journal","title":"Conformal quantum dot–SnO <sub>2</sub> layers as electron transporters for efficient perovskite solar cells","abstract":"Improvements to perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have focused on increasing their power conversion efficiency (PCE) and operational stability and maintaining high performance upon scale-up to module sizes. We report that replacing the commonly used mesoporous–titanium dioxide electron transport layer (ETL) with a thin layer of polyacrylic acid–stabilized tin(IV) oxide quantum dots (paa-QD-SnO 2 ) on the compact–titanium dioxide enhanced light capture and largely suppressed nonradiative recombination at the ETL–perovskite interface. The use of paa-QD-SnO 2 as electron-selective contact enabled PSCs (0.08 square centimeters) with a PCE of 25.7% (certified 25.4%) and high operational stability and facilitated the scale-up of the PSCs to larger areas. PCEs of 23.3, 21.7, and 20.6% were achieved for PSCs with active areas of 1, 20, and 64 square centimeters, respectively.","author":[{"family":"Kim","given":"Minjin"},{"family":"Jeong","given":"Jaeki"},{"family":"Lu","given":"Haizhou"},{"family":"Lee","given":"Tae"},{"family":"Eickemeyer","given":"Felix"},{"family":"Liu","given":"Yuhang"},{"family":"Choi","given":"In"},{"family":"Choi","given":"Seung"},{"family":"Jo","given":"Yimhyun"},{"family":"Kim","given":"Hak"},{"family":"Mo","given":"Sung"},{"family":"Kim","given":"Young"},{"family":"Lee","given":"Heunjeong"},{"family":"An","given":"Na"},{"family":"Cho","given":"Shinuk"},{"family":"Tress","given":"Wolfgang"},{"family":"Zakeeruddin","given":"Shaik"},{"family":"Hagfeldt","given":"Anders"},{"family":"Kim","given":"Jin"},{"family":"Grätzel","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Kim","given":"Dong"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1126/science.abh1885","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abh1885","source":"openalex"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21560863","type":"article-journal","title":"Power Generation Using Piezoelectric Material","abstract":"The energy crisis is the main issue of the world these days. The motto of the research work is to face the crisis. Nowadays the demand for electricity is increasing day by day, so the ultimate solution to solve this problem is to use renewable sources of energy. In this project, we are generating electricity using non-conventional techniques. In this project, when human walks surrounding, some force is applied on the surface of the piezo sheet, this force can be used to generate electricity. The piezoelectric crystal has crystalline structure & ability to convert mechanical stress into electrical energy.","author":[{"family":"Hatey","given":"Akshaya"},{"family":"Koli","given":"Vaibhavi"},{"family":"Mishra","given":"Priti"},{"family":"Bathe","given":"Devanand"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21560863","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21560863","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21560864","type":"article-journal","title":"Power Generation Using Piezoelectric Material","abstract":"The energy crisis is the main issue of the world these days. The motto of the research work is to face the crisis. Nowadays the demand for electricity is increasing day by day, so the ultimate solution to solve this problem is to use renewable sources of energy. In this project, we are generating electricity using non-conventional techniques. In this project, when human walks surrounding, some force is applied on the surface of the piezo sheet, this force can be used to generate electricity. The piezoelectric crystal has crystalline structure & ability to convert mechanical stress into electrical energy.","author":[{"family":"Hatey","given":"Akshaya"},{"family":"Koli","given":"Vaibhavi"},{"family":"Mishra","given":"Priti"},{"family":"Bathe","given":"Devanand"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21560864","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21560864","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21561683","type":"article-journal","title":"Hybrid Energy Generation For Residential Society","abstract":"Renewable Energy is the energy that comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and geothermal heat which are continually replenished. Hybrid power generation model mainly focuses on the renewable energy resources. Hybrid power system model is mainly to meet the increasing energy demand through nonconventional energy sources. In our proposed hybrid model Solar, Wind and tap water has been planned to use to generate electricity. This configuration allows the three sources to supply the load separately or simultaneously depending on the availability of energy resources. The objectives of the present study are to convert the solar, wind and tap water into electricity and to optimize the energy requirement using these nonconventional energy resources. It reduces the environmental pollution using clean or environmental friendly technology and creates awareness among people regarding renewable energy.","author":[{"family":"Borkar","given":"Rani"},{"family":"Rafique","given":"Nagma"},{"family":"Tagade","given":"Prafulla"},{"family":"Gadekar","given":"Mayuri"},{"family":"Ahmad","given":"Prof"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21561683","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21561683","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21561684","type":"article-journal","title":"Hybrid Energy Generation For Residential Society","abstract":"Renewable Energy is the energy that comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and geothermal heat which are continually replenished. Hybrid power generation model mainly focuses on the renewable energy resources. Hybrid power system model is mainly to meet the increasing energy demand through nonconventional energy sources. In our proposed hybrid model Solar, Wind and tap water has been planned to use to generate electricity. This configuration allows the three sources to supply the load separately or simultaneously depending on the availability of energy resources. The objectives of the present study are to convert the solar, wind and tap water into electricity and to optimize the energy requirement using these nonconventional energy resources. It reduces the environmental pollution using clean or environmental friendly technology and creates awareness among people regarding renewable energy.","author":[{"family":"Borkar","given":"Rani"},{"family":"Rafique","given":"Nagma"},{"family":"Tagade","given":"Prafulla"},{"family":"Gadekar","given":"Mayuri"},{"family":"Ahmad","given":"Prof"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21561684","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21561684","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21585708","type":"article-journal","title":"Automated Grass Cutter Robot Based on IOT","abstract":"Automation is rapidly growing in the present technology. So automation plays a vital role in the agricultural field which is helpful for the farmers. In the earlier days, the grass cutters used were manually handheld devices. Because of this, there was pollution and loss of energy as they used gas and petrol engines. So the old grass cutters need to be replaced by automated ones, where the system will work for guidance and obstacle detection using battery as a power source. And it used Arduino UNO microcontroller board as the main controller of the system, Ultrasonic sensor for object Detection, a NODE MCU for Wi-Fi connection, a linear blade for cutting the grass, and a motor drive for the wheels of the Robot. This is fully automated and renewable energy based project.","author":[{"family":"Jamdar","given":"Suvarna"},{"family":"Shelar","given":"Priyanka"},{"family":"Chakane","given":"Ashvini"},{"family":"Date","given":"Archana"},{"family":"Divekar","given":"Prof"},{"family":"Patil","given":"Dr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21585708","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21585708","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21585709","type":"article-journal","title":"Automated Grass Cutter Robot Based on IOT","abstract":"Automation is rapidly growing in the present technology. So automation plays a vital role in the agricultural field which is helpful for the farmers. In the earlier days, the grass cutters used were manually handheld devices. Because of this, there was pollution and loss of energy as they used gas and petrol engines. So the old grass cutters need to be replaced by automated ones, where the system will work for guidance and obstacle detection using battery as a power source. And it used Arduino UNO microcontroller board as the main controller of the system, Ultrasonic sensor for object Detection, a NODE MCU for Wi-Fi connection, a linear blade for cutting the grass, and a motor drive for the wheels of the Robot. This is fully automated and renewable energy based project.","author":[{"family":"Jamdar","given":"Suvarna"},{"family":"Shelar","given":"Priyanka"},{"family":"Chakane","given":"Ashvini"},{"family":"Date","given":"Archana"},{"family":"Divekar","given":"Prof"},{"family":"Patil","given":"Dr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21585709","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21585709","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19458067","type":"article-journal","title":"Optimal Resource Management in Smart Grids","abstract":"—This paper proposes a new model to allocate reserve costs among the involved players, considering the characteristics of the several entities, and the particular circumstances at each moment. The proposed model is integrated in the Multi-Agent Simulator of Competitive Electricity Markets (MASCEM), which enables complementing the multi-agent simulation of diverse electricity market models, by including the co-simulation of energy and reserve markets. In this context, the proposed model allows allocating the payment of reserve costs that result from the reserve market. A simulation based on real data from the Iberian electricity market – MIBEL, is presented. Simulation results show the advantages of the proposed model in sharing the reserve costs fairly and accordingly to the different circumstances. This work thus contributes the study of novel market models towards the evolution of power and energy systems, with the objective of adapting current and future models to the new paradigm of high renewable energy generation penetration","author":[{"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Eduardo"},{"family":"Jensen","given":"Sofia"},{"family":"Brooks","given":"Lucas"},{"family":"Hernandez","given":"Maria"},{"family":"Lee","given":"Alexander"},{"family":"Kim","given":"Rachel"},{"family":"Hall","given":"Daniel"},{"family":"White","given":"Samantha"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19458067","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19458067","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19458068","type":"article-journal","title":"Optimal Resource Management in Smart Grids","abstract":"—This paper proposes a new model to allocate reserve costs among the involved players, considering the characteristics of the several entities, and the particular circumstances at each moment. The proposed model is integrated in the Multi-Agent Simulator of Competitive Electricity Markets (MASCEM), which enables complementing the multi-agent simulation of diverse electricity market models, by including the co-simulation of energy and reserve markets. In this context, the proposed model allows allocating the payment of reserve costs that result from the reserve market. A simulation based on real data from the Iberian electricity market – MIBEL, is presented. Simulation results show the advantages of the proposed model in sharing the reserve costs fairly and accordingly to the different circumstances. This work thus contributes the study of novel market models towards the evolution of power and energy systems, with the objective of adapting current and future models to the new paradigm of high renewable energy generation penetration","author":[{"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Eduardo"},{"family":"Jensen","given":"Sofia"},{"family":"Brooks","given":"Lucas"},{"family":"Hernandez","given":"Maria"},{"family":"Lee","given":"Alexander"},{"family":"Kim","given":"Rachel"},{"family":"Hall","given":"Daniel"},{"family":"White","given":"Samantha"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19458068","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19458068","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.21256/zhaw-35742","type":"article-journal","title":"Changing e-carsharing user behaviour towards an optimised energy management : evidence from a Swiss energy efficient district","abstract":"References: Ioakimidis, C. S., Thomas, D., Rycerski, P., &amp; Genikomsakis, K. N. (2018). Peak shaving and valley filling of power consumption profile in non-residential buildings using an electric vehicle parking lot. Energy, 148, 148-158. Laakso, S. (2017). Giving up cars–The impact of a mobility experiment on carbon emissions and everyday routines. Journal of Cleaner Production, 169, 135-142. Lattarulo, P., Masucci, V., &amp; Pazienza, M. G. (2019). Resistance to change: Car use and routines. Transport policy, 74, 63-72. Zhou, Y., Cao, S., Hensen, J. L., &amp; Lund, P. D. (2019). Energy integration and interaction between buildings and vehicles: A state-of-the-art review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 114, 109337.","author":[{"family":"Tomic","given":"Uros"},{"family":"Vögeli","given":"Pascal"},{"family":"Musiolik","given":"Jörg"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.21256/zhaw-35742","URL":"https://doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-35742","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21752437","type":"article-journal","title":"Building Resilient Renewable Infrastructure in an Era of Climate and Market Volatility","abstract":"The accelerating impacts of climate change and increasing market volatility pose significant challenges to the development and sustainability of renewable energy infrastructure. Building resilient systems requires not only technological innovation but also adaptive strategies that address environmental, economic, and policy uncertainties. This review examines the multidimensional approaches necessary for enhancing resilience in renewable infrastructure, including climate risk assessment, integration of energy storage and smart grid technologies, diversification of energy portfolios, and the role of policy frameworks in fostering stability. It also explores how market dynamics, such as fluctuating commodity prices, geopolitical risks, and evolving demand patterns, influence infrastructure investment and long-term viability. By analyzing case studies, best practices, and emerging trends, the paper highlights pathways for strengthening the adaptability and robustness of renewable systems. Ultimately, this review underscores the importance of resilience as a foundational principle in ensuring reliable, sustainable, and economically viable renewable energy infrastructure in an era marked by uncertainty and rapid transformation.","author":[{"family":"Oyekan","given":"Mofeoluwa"},{"family":"Igba","given":"Emmanuel"},{"family":"Jinadu","given":"Shereef"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21752437","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21752437","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21752438","type":"article-journal","title":"Building Resilient Renewable Infrastructure in an Era of Climate and Market Volatility","abstract":"The accelerating impacts of climate change and increasing market volatility pose significant challenges to the development and sustainability of renewable energy infrastructure. Building resilient systems requires not only technological innovation but also adaptive strategies that address environmental, economic, and policy uncertainties. This review examines the multidimensional approaches necessary for enhancing resilience in renewable infrastructure, including climate risk assessment, integration of energy storage and smart grid technologies, diversification of energy portfolios, and the role of policy frameworks in fostering stability. It also explores how market dynamics, such as fluctuating commodity prices, geopolitical risks, and evolving demand patterns, influence infrastructure investment and long-term viability. By analyzing case studies, best practices, and emerging trends, the paper highlights pathways for strengthening the adaptability and robustness of renewable systems. Ultimately, this review underscores the importance of resilience as a foundational principle in ensuring reliable, sustainable, and economically viable renewable energy infrastructure in an era marked by uncertainty and rapid transformation.","author":[{"family":"Oyekan","given":"Mofeoluwa"},{"family":"Igba","given":"Emmanuel"},{"family":"Jinadu","given":"Shereef"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21752438","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21752438","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20483649","type":"article-journal","title":"Kameri-Mbote, P.; Kibugi, R.; Kabira, N., eds. 2023. Environmental Governance in Kenya: Implementing the Constitutional Framework. University of Nairobi, Faculty of Law.","abstract":"Environmental Governance in Kenya: Implementing the Constitutional Framework Edited by Patricia Kameri-Mbote, Robert Kibugi & Nkatha Kabira. Faculty of Law, University of Nairobi, 2023. ISBN 978-9966-1952-9-6. This volume is the first comprehensive scholarly appraisal of how Kenya has implemented the environmental governance provisions of its 2010 Constitution. Marking a decade of constitutional practice, the book examines the legal, institutional, and policy architecture through which Kenya pursues the constitutional guarantee of a clean and healthy environment, sustainable development, and equitable benefit-sharing from natural resources. Across 27 chapters by leading scholars and practitioners, the book is organised into six parts: foundational elements of environmental governance; land and environmental governance; compliance and enforcement; sectoral governance (water, wildlife, forests, energy, extractives, biotechnology, genetic resources, e-waste, biological heritage); cross-cutting themes (climate change, biodiversity mainstreaming, pollution, gender, and resilience); and regional and international perspectives, including a comparative analysis of Uganda. Contributions engage with key constitutional innovations — including environmental rights and standing, public participation, devolution, the Environment and Land Court, environmental assessment, and the 10% tree cover obligation — alongside emerging governance challenges in climate adjudication, just transition, and biodiversity finance. The book is dedicated to the memory of Prof. Charles Odidi Okidi, a pioneer of environmental law scholarship in Africa. Keywords: environmental law, environmental governance, Constitution of Kenya 2010, climate change law, biodiversity, sustainable development, natural resources, public participation, environmental rights, Africa, East Africa, devolution, land law, water law, extractives, just transition.","author":[{"family":"Mbote","given":"Patricia"},{"family":"Kibugi","given":"Robert"},{"family":"Kabira","given":"Nkatha"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20483649","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20483649","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20483650","type":"article-journal","title":"Kameri-Mbote, P.; Kibugi, R.; Kabira, N., eds. 2023. Environmental Governance in Kenya: Implementing the Constitutional Framework. University of Nairobi, Faculty of Law.","abstract":"Environmental Governance in Kenya: Implementing the Constitutional Framework Edited by Patricia Kameri-Mbote, Robert Kibugi & Nkatha Kabira. Faculty of Law, University of Nairobi, 2023. ISBN 978-9966-1952-9-6. This volume is the first comprehensive scholarly appraisal of how Kenya has implemented the environmental governance provisions of its 2010 Constitution. Marking a decade of constitutional practice, the book examines the legal, institutional, and policy architecture through which Kenya pursues the constitutional guarantee of a clean and healthy environment, sustainable development, and equitable benefit-sharing from natural resources. Across 27 chapters by leading scholars and practitioners, the book is organised into six parts: foundational elements of environmental governance; land and environmental governance; compliance and enforcement; sectoral governance (water, wildlife, forests, energy, extractives, biotechnology, genetic resources, e-waste, biological heritage); cross-cutting themes (climate change, biodiversity mainstreaming, pollution, gender, and resilience); and regional and international perspectives, including a comparative analysis of Uganda. Contributions engage with key constitutional innovations — including environmental rights and standing, public participation, devolution, the Environment and Land Court, environmental assessment, and the 10% tree cover obligation — alongside emerging governance challenges in climate adjudication, just transition, and biodiversity finance. The book is dedicated to the memory of Prof. Charles Odidi Okidi, a pioneer of environmental law scholarship in Africa. Keywords: environmental law, environmental governance, Constitution of Kenya 2010, climate change law, biodiversity, sustainable development, natural resources, public participation, environmental rights, Africa, East Africa, devolution, land law, water law, extractives, just transition.","author":[{"family":"Mbote","given":"Patricia"},{"family":"Kibugi","given":"Robert"},{"family":"Kabira","given":"Nkatha"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20483650","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20483650","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.34657/5630","type":"article-journal","title":"TiNb2O7 and VNB9O25 of ReO3 type in hybrid Mg−Li batteries: Electrochemical and interfacial insights","abstract":"As one of the beyond-lithium battery concepts, hybrid metal-ion batteries have aroused growing interest. Here, TiNb2O7 (TNO) and VNb9O25 (VNO) materials were prepared using a high-temperature solid-state synthesis and, for the first time, comprehensively examined in hybrid Mg−Li batteries. Both materials adopt ReO3-related structures differing in the interconnection of oxygen polyhedra and the resulting guest ion diffusion paths. We show applicability of the compounds in hybrid cells providing capacities comparable to those reached in Li-ion batteries (LIBs) at room temperature (220 mAh g−1 for TNO and 150 mAh g−1 for VNO, both at 0.1 C), their operability in the temperature range between −10 and 60 °C, and even better capacity retention than in pure LIBs, rendering this hybrid technology superior for long-term application. Post mortem X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals a cathode−electrolyte interface as a key ingredient for providing excellent electrochemical stability of the hybrid battery. A significant contribution of the intercalation pseudocapacitance to charge storage was observed for both materials in Li- and Mg−Li batteries. However, the pseudocapacitive part is higher for TNO than for VNO, which correlates with structural distinctions, providing better accessibility of diffusion pathways for guest cations in TNO and, as a consequence, a higher ionic transport within the crystal structure. © 2020 American Chemical Society","author":[{"family":"Maletti","given":"Sebastian"},{"family":"Herzog-Arbeitman","given":"Abraham"},{"family":"Oswald","given":"Steffen"},{"family":"Senyshyn","given":"Anatoliy"},{"family":"Giebeler","given":"Lars"},{"family":"Mikhailova","given":"Daria"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.34657/5630","URL":"https://doi.org/10.34657/5630","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.34657/6491","type":"article-journal","title":"Single-crystal neutron and X-ray diffraction study of garnet-type solid-state electrolyte Li6La3ZrTaO12: An in situ temperature-dependence investigation (2.5 ≤ T ≤ 873 K)","abstract":"Large single crystals of garnet-type Li6La3ZrTaO12 (LLZTO) were grown by the Czochralski method and analysed using neutron diffraction between 2.5 and 873 K in order to fully characterize the Li atom distribution, and possible Li ion mobility in this class of potential candidates for solid-state electrolyte battery material. LLZTO retains its cubic symmetry (space group Ia 3 d) over the complete temperature range. When compared to other sites, the octahedral sites behave as the most rigid unit and show the smallest increase in atomic displacement parameters and bond length. The La and Li sites show similar thermal expansion in their bond lengths with temperature, and the anisotropic and equivalent atomic displacement parameters exhibit a distinctly larger increase at temperatures above 400 K. Detailed inspection of nuclear densities at the Li1 site reveal a small but significant displacement from the 24d position to the typical 96h position, which cannot, however, be resolved from the single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The site occupation of LiI ions on Li1 and Li2 sites remains constant, so there is no change in site occupation with temperature. © 2021 International Union of Crystallography. All rights reserved.","author":[{"family":"Redhammer","given":"Günther"},{"family":"Meven","given":"Martin"},{"family":"Ganschow","given":"Steffen"},{"family":"Tippelt","given":"Gerold"},{"family":"Rettenwander","given":"Daniel"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.34657/6491","URL":"https://doi.org/10.34657/6491","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.34657/17637","type":"article-journal","title":"The 2021 battery technology roadmap","abstract":"Sun, wind and tides have huge potential in providing us electricity in an environmental-friendly way. However, its intermittency and non-dispatchability are major reasons preventing full-scale adoption of renewable energy generation. Energy storage will enable this adoption by enabling a constant and high-quality electricity supply from these systems. But which storage technology should be considered is one of important issues. Nowadays, great effort has been focused on various kinds of batteries to store energy, lithium-related batteries, sodium-related batteries, zinc-related batteries, aluminum-related batteries and so on. Some cathodes can be used for these batteries, such as sulfur, oxygen, layered compounds. In addition, the construction of these batteries can be changed into flexible, flow or solid-state types. There are many challenges in electrode materials, electrolytes and construction of these batteries and research related to the battery systems for energy storage is extremely active. With the myriad of technologies and their associated technological challenges, we were motivated to assemble this 2020 battery technology roadmap.","author":[{"family":"Ma","given":"Jianmin"},{"family":"Li","given":"Yutao"},{"family":"Grundish","given":"Nicholas"},{"family":"Goodenough","given":"John"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Yuhui"},{"family":"Guo","given":"Limin"},{"family":"Peng","given":"Zhangquan"},{"family":"Qi","given":"Xiaoqun"},{"family":"Yang","given":"Fengyi"},{"family":"Qie","given":"Long"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Chang"},{"family":"Huang","given":"Bing"},{"family":"Huang","given":"Zeya"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Linhui"},{"family":"Su","given":"Dawei"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Guoxiu"},{"family":"Peng","given":"Xinwen"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Zehong"},{"family":"Yang","given":"Junliang"},{"family":"He","given":"Shiman"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Xu"},{"family":"Yu","given":"Haijun"},{"family":"Fu","given":"Chaopeng"},{"family":"Jiang","given":"Min"},{"family":"Deng","given":"Wenzhuo"},{"family":"Sun","given":"Chuan"},{"family":"Pan","given":"Qingguang"},{"family":"Tang","given":"Yongbing"},{"family":"Li","given":"Xianfeng"},{"family":"Ji","given":"Xiulei"},{"family":"Wan","given":"Fang"},{"family":"Niu","given":"Zhiqiang"},{"family":"Lian","given":"Fang"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Caiyun"},{"family":"Wallace","given":"Gordon"},{"family":"Fan","given":"Min"},{"family":"Meng","given":"Qinghai"},{"family":"Xin","given":"Sen"},{"family":"Guo","given":"Yu"},{"family":"Wan","given":"Li"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.34657/17637","URL":"https://doi.org/10.34657/17637","source":"datacite"},{"id":"oa:W3000285738","type":"article-journal","title":"Measuring the impact of renewable energy, public health expenditure, logistics, and environmental performance on sustainable economic growth","abstract":"Abstract The study aims to examine the potential relationship between public health expenditures, logistics performance indices, renewable energy, and ecological sustainability in Association of Southeast Asian Nations member countries. The study used secondary data, which downloaded from the World Bank website and tested for hypotheses using the structural equation modeling. The results show that the use of renewable energy in logistics operations will improve environmental and economic performance to reduce emissions, whereas environmental performance is negatively correlated with public health expenditures, indicating that greater environmental sustainability can improve human health and economic growth. The results also show that increased public health spending and poor environmental performance undermine economic growth in low efficiency and low labor productivity, thus reducing the speed of economic activity. On the other hand, the use of renewable energy in logistics cannot only improve the sustainability of the environment but also create a better national image and provide better export opportunities in environmentally friendly countries to promote sustainable economic growth. The outcomes of this study will help the policy/decision makers to make the proper planning to their investments for achieving sustainable economic growth.","author":[{"family":"Khan","given":"Syed"},{"family":"Yu","given":"Zhang"},{"family":"Kumar","given":"Anil"},{"family":"Zavadskas","given":"Edmundas"},{"family":"Štreimikienė","given":"Dalia"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1002/sd.2034","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2034","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W3042799967","type":"article-journal","title":"Smartly Handling Renewable Energy Instability in Supporting A Cloud Datacenter","abstract":"The size and energy consumption of datacenters have been increasing significantly over the past years. As a result, datacenters' increasing electricity monetary cost, energy consumption and energy harmful gas emissions have become a severe problem. Renewable energy supply is widely seen as a promising solution. However, the instability of renewable energy brings about a new challenge since insufficient energy supply may lead to job running interruptions or failures. Though previous works attempt to more accurately predict the amount of produced renewable energy, due to the instability of its influencing factors (e.g., wind, temperature), sufficient renewable energy supply cannot be always guaranteed. To handle this problem, in this paper, we propose allocating jobs with the same service-level-objective (SLO) level to the same physical machine (PM) group, and power each PM group with renewable energy generators that have probability no less than its SLO to produce the amount no less than its energy demand. It ensures that insufficient renewable energy supply will not lead to SLO violations. We use a deep learning technique to predict the probability of producing amount no less than each value of each renewable energy source and predict the energy demands of each PM area. We formulate an optimization problem: how to match renewable energy resources with different instabilities to different PM groups as energy supply in order to minimize the number of SLO violations (due to interruption from insufficient renewable energy supply), total energy monetary cost and total carbon emission. We then use reinforcement learning method and linear programming method to solve the optimization problem. The real trace driven experiments show that our method can achieve much lower SLO violations, total energy monetary cost and total carbon emission compared to other methods.","author":[{"family":"Gao","given":"Jiechao"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Haoyu"},{"family":"Shen","given":"Haiying"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1109/ipdps47924.2020.00084","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipdps47924.2020.00084","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W4312041863","type":"article-journal","title":"Hydrogen production, storage and transport for renewable energy and chemicals: An environmental footprint assessment","abstract":"Hydrogen applications range from an energy carrier to a feedstock producing bulk and other chemicals and as an essential reactant in various industrial applications. However, the sustainability of hydrogen production, storage and transport are neither unquestionable nor equal. Hydrogen is produced from natural gas, biogas, aluminium, acid gas, biomass, electrolytic water splitting and others; a total of eleven sources were investigated in this work. The environmental impact of hydrogen production, storage and transport is evaluated in terms of greenhouse gas and energy footprints, acidification, eutrophication, human toxicity potential, and eco-cost. Different electricity mixes and energy footprint accounting approaches, supported by sensitivity analysis, are conducted for a comprehensive overview. H2 produced from acid gas is identified as the production route with the highest eco-benefit (−41,188 €/t H2), while the biomass gasification method incurred the highest eco-cost (11,259 €/t H2). The water electrolysis method shows a net positive energy footprint (60.32 GJ/t H2), suggesting that more energy is used than produced. Considering the operating footprint of storage, and transportation, gaseous hydrogen transported via a pipeline is a better alternative from an environmental point of view, and with a lower energy footprint (38 %–85%) than the other options. Storage and transport (without construction) could have accounted for around 35.5% of the total GHG footprint of a hydrogen value chain (production, storage, transportation and losses) if liquefied and transported via road transport instead of a pipeline. The identified results propose which technologies are less burdensome to the environment.","author":[{"family":"Hren","given":"Robert"},{"family":"Vujanović","given":"Annamaria"},{"family":"Fan","given":"Yee"},{"family":"Klemeš","given":"Jiří"},{"family":"Krajnc","given":"Damjan"},{"family":"Čuček","given":"Lidija"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.rser.2022.113113","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.113113","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W3022567978","type":"article-journal","title":"Environmental and economic multi-objective optimization of a household level hybrid renewable energy system by genetic algorithm","abstract":"The rapid spread of renewables made it essential to design optimal hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) with the distinctive economic and environmental impacts of each technology in mind. According to a comprehensive literature review, very few studies consider life-cycle environmental impacts in small-scale hybrid renewable energy system optimization. This paper aims to fill this gap by providing a multi-objective design framework for household-scale systems based on the technical modeling of several typical components. Solar photovoltaic, wind turbine, solar heat collector, heat pump, heat storage, battery, and as a novelty, heat insulation thickness are considered. Backup power is either drawn from the grid or produced by a diesel generator in grid-connected and off-grid scenarios, respectively. Single objective optimization using genetic algorithm resulted in the least cost and the least environmental footprint options in a case study of three different locations across Europe. Then, Pareto-optimal solutions between the two extremities were explored with a multi-objective genetic algorithm. Single objective results show substantial differences between environmental and economic optima, while multi-objective optimization proved to be an efficient tool to investigate the trade-offs between the two conflicting goals. Solar photovoltaics is proved to be the most competitive technology to reduce environmental impacts in the case of grid-connected systems. Off-grid systems, however, benefit the most from a balanced mix of different renewable energy sources. Life-cycle impacts in the design of systems involving renewables is proven to be relevant while potential applications of the framework are also revealed. Further research areas, as well as the limitations of the methodology are identified in the conclusion.","author":[{"family":"Mayer","given":"Martin"},{"family":"Szilágyi","given":"Artúr"},{"family":"Gróf","given":"Gyula"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115058","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115058","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W4200559887","type":"article-journal","title":"Consumption‐based carbon emissions, renewable energy consumption, financial development and economic growth in Chile","abstract":"Abstract This paper aims to investigate the effect of financial development and renewable energy consumption on consumption‐based CO 2 emissions in Chile while controlling for economic growth and electricity consumption. Based on the aim of the paper, autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds with Kripfganz and Schneider's (2018) approximations, fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS), dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS), and gradual shift causality tests are applied in this study. The outcomes clearly reveal that while financial development and renewable energy consumption reduce the consumption‐based CO 2 emissions in Chile, economic growth and electricity consumption increase consumption‐based carbon emissions. The gradual shift causality test provides consistent results with ARDL, FMOLS, and DOLS estimators. Therefore, policymakers in Chile should dynamically encourage the research and development of low‐carbon technologies and renewable energy investments while imported nonrenewable energy sources level should be targeted, and especially those sectors which are more energy‐intensive and causing to increase in consumption‐based CO 2 emissions.","author":[{"family":"Kırıkkaleli","given":"Derviş"},{"family":"Güngör","given":"Hasan"},{"family":"Adebayo","given":"Tomiwa"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.1002/bse.2945","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2945","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W3002081744","type":"article-journal","title":"Limitations, challenges, and solution approaches in grid‐connected renewable energy systems","abstract":"In the modern world, only conventional energy resources cannot fulfil the growing energy demand. Electricity is a fundamental building block of a technological revolution. Today, most of the electricity demand is met by the burning of fossil fuels but at the cost of adverse environmental impact. In order to bridge the gap between electricity demand and supply, nonconventional and eco-friendly means of energy generation are considered. Renewable energy systems (RESs) offer an adequate solution to mitigate the challenges originated due to greenhouse gasses (GHG). However, they have an unpredictable power generation with specific site requirements. Grid integration of RESs may lead to new challenges related to power quality, reliability, power system stability, harmonics, subsynchronous oscillations (SSOs), power quality, and reactive power compensation. The integration with energy storage systems (ESSs) can reduce these complexities that arise due to the intermittent nature of RESs. In this paper, a comprehensive review of renewable energy sources has been presented. Application of ESSs in RESs and their development phase has been discussed. Role of ESSs in increasing lifetime, efficiency, and energy density of power system having RESs has been reviewed. Moreover, different techniques to solve the critical issues like low efficiency, harmonics, and inertia reduction in photovoltaic (PV) systems have been presented. Unlike most of the available review papers, this article also investigates the impact of FACTS technology in RESs-based power system using multitype flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) controllers. Three simulation models have been developed in MATLAB/Simulink. The results show that FACTS devices help to maintain the stability of RESs integrated power system. This review paper is believed to be of potential benefit for researchers from both the industry and academia to develop better understanding of challenges and solution techniques for REs-based power systems and future research dimensions in this area.","author":[{"family":"Basit","given":"Muhammad"},{"family":"Dilshad","given":"Saad"},{"family":"Badar","given":"Rabiah"},{"family":"Rehman","given":"Syed"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1002/er.5033","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/er.5033","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W3020888496","type":"article-journal","title":"Modelling and optimization of an off-grid hybrid renewable energy system for electrification in a rural areas","abstract":"Energy required by remote village areas can be met quite reliably by hybrid energy technologies. The project under consideration is for electrifying a group of three villages in Kollegal block of Chamarajanagar district, Karnataka State in India using an off-grid hybrid renewable energy system. The process of optimizing such hybrid energy system control, sizing and choice of components is to provide it with a cost effective power solution for the society. The main objective of this paper is to reduce the Total System Net Preset Cost (TNPC), Cost of Energy (COE), unmet load, CO2 emissions using Genetic Algorithm (GA) and HOMER Pro Software. The results of the two methods are compared with four combinations of hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES). A sensitivity analysis is also performed on the best possible solution to the study for changes in annual wind speed and biomass fuel prices. Finally, a comparative analysis is performed between the GA and HOMER. Compared to HOMER, GA based HRES of combination-1( biogas+biomass+solar+ wind+ fuel cell with battery) is found to be the optimal solution supplying energy with 0% unmet load at the least cost of energy, which is at $ 0.163 per KWH. Thus PV saturation in GA is more cost effective than the HOMER.","author":[{"family":"Vendoti","given":"Suresh"},{"family":"Muralidhar","given":"M"},{"family":"Kiranmayi","given":"R"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.egyr.2020.01.013","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2020.01.013","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W3021009527","type":"article-journal","title":"The heterogeneity of renewable energy consumption, carbon emission and financial development in the globe: A panel quantile regression approach","abstract":"The present study examines the heterogeneity of renewable energy consumption, Carbon dioxide emission and financial development in the global panel of 192 countries. Panel quantile regression has been used for tickling distributional and unobserved individual heterogeneity. The findings indicate that our variables in the model on each others are heterogeneous across quantiles. More specifically, the effect of renewable energy consumption on carbon emission is negative while financial development has increasing influence on carbon emission. Carbon emission decreases the use of renewable energy while financial development positively affects renewable energy consumption. The increasing effect of carbon emission and renewable energy consumption on financial development has also been found. Finally, the current study findings give important recommendations to policy makers.","author":[{"family":"Khan","given":"Hayat"},{"family":"Khan","given":"Itbar"},{"family":"Binh","given":"Truong"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.egyr.2020.04.002","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2020.04.002","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W3205237004","type":"article-journal","title":"Power electronics-the enabling technology for renewable energy integration","abstract":"The markedly increased integration of renewable energy in the power grid is of significance in the transition to a sustainable energy future. The grid integration of renewables will be continuously enhanced in the future. According to the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), renewable technology is the main pathway to reach zero carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by 2060. Power electronics have played and will continue to play a significant role in this energy transition by providing efficient electrical energy conversion, distribution, transmission, and utilization. Consequently, the development of power electronics technologies, i.e., new semiconductor devices, flexible converters, and advanced control schemes, is promoted extensively across the globe. Among various renewables, wind energy and photovoltaic (PV) are the most widely used, and accordingly these are explored in this paper to demonstrate the role of power electronics. The development of renewable energies and the demands of power electronics are reviewed first. Then, the power conversion and control technologies as well as grid codes for wind and PV systems are discussed. Future trends in terms of power semiconductors, reliability, advanced control, grid-forming operation, and security issues for large- scale grid integration of renewables, and intelligent and full user engagement are presented at the end.","author":[{"family":"Tang","given":"Zhongting"},{"family":"Yang","given":"Yongheng"},{"family":"Blaabjerg","given":"Frede"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.17775/cseejpes.2021.02850","URL":"https://doi.org/10.17775/cseejpes.2021.02850","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W4224089297","type":"article-journal","title":"Sources of opposition to renewable energy projects in the United States","abstract":"Many policy analysts believe that once electricity from renewable energy becomes less expensive than electricity from fossil fuel, new renewable energy facilities will be built quickly across the United States. Cost-effective renewable energy has largely been achieved, but there appear to be substantial barriers to building new renewable energy facilities. We identified 53 utility-scale wind, solar, and geothermal energy projects that were delayed or blocked between 2008 and 2021 in 28 U.S. states. Using multi-level qualitative analysis, we have identified seven key sources of opposition. Of the projects we studied, 34% faced significant delays and difficulties securing permits, 49% were cancelled permanently, and 26% resumed after being stopped for several months or years. Project delays and cancellations account for potential lost generating capacity of almost 4600 MW. State and local governments and renewable energy developers need to pay closer attention to the full range of socially-oriented sources of opposition to new facilities.","author":[{"family":"Susskind","given":"Lawrence"},{"family":"Chun","given":"Jungwoo"},{"family":"Gant","given":"Alexander"},{"family":"Hodgkins","given":"Chelsea"},{"family":"Cohen","given":"Jéssica"},{"family":"Lohmar","given":"Sarah"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.enpol.2022.112922","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2022.112922","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W3007666827","type":"article-journal","title":"Mitigating degradation and emissions in China: The role of environmental sustainability, human capital and renewable energy","abstract":"China's carbon-embedded growth trajectory is gradually becoming a burden to environmental sustainability, hence, requires much attention. The complexity of human capital attributed emissions coupled with fossil fuel inclined energy utilization for industrialization underscores the failure of China to meet its mitigation target. We developed a policy-driven conceptual tool based on disaggregate energy utilization, human capital, trade, income level and natural resource exploitation in a carbon and environmental degradation function. Using a battery of statistics and econometric techniques such as neural network, SIMPLS, U test, dynamic ARDL Simulations, and Prais-Winsten first-order autoregressive [AR(1)] regression with robust standard errors, we examined the theme based on a data spanning 1961-2016. The study demonstrates that fossil fuel energy consumption and human capital are conducive catalysts for climate change. The instantaneous increase in renewable energy, environmental sustainability and income level has a diminishing effect on emissions and environmental degradation. The environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis is validated in both emissions and degradation function - at a turning point of US$ 5469.79 and US$ 5863.70, respectively. The study highlights that the over-dependence on fossil fuel energy and natural resources for economic development, carbon-intensive trade and carbon-embedded human capital, thwart efforts to mitigating climate change and its impacts. Thus, the onus of responsibility for achieving a cleaner environment in China depends majorly on governmental policies that favour or dampens environmental sustainability.","author":[{"family":"Sarkodie","given":"Samuel"},{"family":"Adams","given":"Samuel"},{"family":"Owusu","given":"Phebe"},{"family":"Leirvik","given":"Thomas"},{"family":"Öztürk","given":"İlhan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137530","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137530","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W4225164757","type":"article-journal","title":"Renewable Energy Consumption and Economic Growth Nexus—A Systematic Literature Review","abstract":"An efficient use of energy is the pre-condition for economic development. But excessive use of fossil fuel harms the environment. As renewable energy emits no or low greenhouse gases, more countries are trying to increase the use of energies from renewable sources. At the same time, no matter developed or developing, nations have to maintain economic growth. By collecting SCI/SSCI indexed peer-reviewed journal articles, this article systematically reviews the consumption nexus of renewable energy and economic growth. A total of 46 articles have been reviewed following the PRISMA guidelines from 2010 to 2021. Our review research shows that renewable energy does not hinder economic growth for both developing and developed countries, whereas, there is little significance of consuming renewable energy (threshold level) on economic growth for developed countries.","author":[{"family":"Bhuiyan","given":"Miraj"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Qiannan"},{"family":"Khare","given":"Vikas"},{"family":"Mikhaylov","given":"Alexey"},{"family":"Pintér","given":"Gábor"},{"family":"Huang","given":"Xiaowen"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.3389/fenvs.2022.878394","URL":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.878394","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W3163794117","type":"article-journal","title":"Review on non-isolated DC-DC converters and their control techniques for renewable energy applications","abstract":"In recent times, the need for energy consumption is drastically increasing to fulfill the global requirements of commercial and domestic consumer demands. Energy generation using conventional methods such as oil and gas are not appreciated in the modern era since they are the major contributors for pollution and global warming. To tackle these issues, energy generation using hybrid renewable energy is being opted and studied universally. However, renewable energy sources have their fair share of drawbacks such as photovoltaic systems rely on the surrounding irradiance and temperature, wind system experiences irregular wind speed, and fuel cells are expensive and less efficient. Also, the energy extracted from renewable sources persist with stochastic behavior. To deal with these issues, researchers utilize different power electronic devices such as inverters, active power filters, voltage regulators, power quality conditioners, and DC-DC converters. Among these power electronic devices DC-DC converters are highly effective for DC voltage regulation and to improve the efficiency of renewable energy systems. Appropriate selection of the DC-DC converter is an important factor that has significant contribution in overall performance of the power systems. Besides, the selection of an efficient DC-DC converter topology, for its optimum operation integration of a suitable control technique is equally important. This paper highlights the characteristics of available and on-going trends of non-isolated converters that includes buck-boost, single ended primary inductor converter, cuk, z-source, zeta, and hybrid DC-DC converters based on the performance parameters that are analyzed using MATLAB Simulink. Control techniques that include proportional integral derivative (PID), slide mode control (SMC), model predictive control (MPC), state space modeling (SSM), and fuzzy logic control (FLC) are also discussed considering the parameters settling issue, response time and complexity while integrating with non-isolated DC-DC converters in power systems.","author":[{"family":"Mumtaz","given":"Farhan"},{"family":"Yahaya","given":"Nor"},{"family":"Meraj","given":"Sheikh"},{"family":"Singh","given":"Balbir"},{"family":"Kannan","given":"Ramani"},{"family":"Ibrahim","given":"Oladimeji"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.asej.2021.03.022","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2021.03.022","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W3129054759","type":"article-journal","title":"A Stacked GRU-RNN-Based Approach for Predicting Renewable Energy and Electricity Load for Smart Grid Operation","abstract":"Predictions of renewable energy (RE) generation and electricity load are critical to smart grid operation. However, the prediction task remains challenging due to the intermittent and chaotic character of RE sources, and the diverse user behavior and power consumers. This article presents a novel method for the prediction of RE generation and electricity load using improved stacked gated recurrent unit-recurrent neural network (GRU-RNN) for both univariate and multivariate scenarios. First, multiple sensitive monitoring parameters or historical electricity consumption data are selected according to the correlation analysis to form the input data. Second, a stacked GRU-RNN using a simplified GRU is constructed with improved training algorithm based on AdaGrad and adjustable momentum. The modified GRU-RNN structure and improved training method enhance training efficiency and robustness. Third, the stacked GRU-RNN is used to establish an accurate mapping between the selected variables and RE generation or electricity load due to its self-feedback connections and improved training mechanism. The proposed method is verified by using two experiments: prediction of wind power generation using multiple weather parameters and prediction of electricity load with historical energy consumption data. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods of machine learning or deep learning in achieving an accurate energy prediction for effective smart grid operation.","author":[{"family":"Xia","given":"Min"},{"family":"Shao","given":"Haidong"},{"family":"Ma","given":"Xiandong"},{"family":"Silva","given":"Clarence"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.1109/tii.2021.3056867","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2021.3056867","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W3027105970","type":"article-journal","title":"Modeling Frequency Dynamics in Unit Commitment With a High Share of Renewable Energy","abstract":"The power system inertia is gradually decreasing with the growing share of variable renewable energy (VRE). This may jeopardize the frequency dynamics and challenges the secure operation of power systems. In this paper, the concept of frequency security margin is proposed to quantify the system frequency regulation ability under contingency. It is defined as the maximum power imbalance that the system can tolerate while keeping frequency within the tolerable frequency range. A frequency constrained unit commitment (FCUC) model considering frequency security margin is proposed. Firstly, the analytical formulation of system frequency nadir is derived while considering both the frequency regulation characteristics of the thermal generators and the frequency support from VRE plants. Then, the frequency security margin is analytically formulated and piecewise linearized. A novel FCUC model is proposed by incorporating linear frequency security constraints into the traditional unit commitment model. Case studies on a modified IEEE RTS-79 system and HRP-38 system are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed FCUC model. The impacts of VRE penetration on system frequency security are analyzed using frequency security margin.","author":[{"family":"Zhang","given":"Ziyang"},{"family":"Du","given":"Ershun"},{"family":"Teng","given":"Fei"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Ning"},{"family":"Kang","given":"Chongqing"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1109/tpwrs.2020.2996821","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2020.2996821","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W4281259700","type":"article-journal","title":"Renewable energy and CO2 emissions: New evidence with the panel threshold model","abstract":"The increased concerns over climate change led to a large body of literature that examined the impact of energy and economic growth on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per capita. The majority of the existing studies employed various linear panel estimation techniques ignoring the potential nonlinear effects of energy and income on CO2 emissions per capita. To fill this gap, this study uses panel data consisting of 97 countries between 1995 and 2015 and examines the nonlinear impact of renewable, non-renewable energy consumption, economic growth on CO2 emissions per capita by using a dynamic panel threshold model that is robust to cross-section dependence. Our findings indicate the effect of growth in renewable energy consumption per capita on the growth of CO2 emissions per capita is negative and significant if countries surpass a certain threshold of renewable energy consumption. This finding mainly holds for developed countries and countries with stronger institutions and is robust to the use of an alternative proxy for renewable energy consumption. Our findings highlight the fact that increased renewable energy consumption would only reduce CO2 emissions per capita if and only if countries surpass a certain threshold of renewable energy consumption.","author":[{"family":"Chen","given":"Chaoyi"},{"family":"Pinar","given":"Mehmet"},{"family":"Stengos","given":"Thanasis"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.renene.2022.05.095","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.05.095","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W4205200279","type":"article-journal","title":"Recent Advances of Wind-Solar Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for Power Generation: A Review","abstract":"A hybrid renewable energy source (HRES) consists of two or more renewable energy sources, suchas wind turbines and photovoltaic systems, utilized together to provide increased system efficiency and improved stability in energy supply to a certain degree. The objective of this study is to present a comprehensive review of wind-solar HRES from the perspectives of power architectures, mathematical modeling, power electronic converter topologies, and design optimization algorithms. Since the uncertainty of HRES can be reduced further by including an energy storage system, this paper presents several hybrid energy storage system coupling technologies, highlighting their major advantages and disadvantages. Various HRES power converters and control strategies from the state-of-the-art have been discussed. Different types of energy source combinations, modeling, power converter architectures, sizing, and optimization techniques used in the existing HRES are reviewed in this work, which intends to serve as a comprehensive reference for researchers, engineers, and policymakers in this field. This article also discusses the technical challenges associated with HRES as well as the scope of future advances and research on HRES.","author":[{"family":"Roy","given":"Pranoy"},{"family":"He","given":"Jiangbiao"},{"family":"Zhao","given":"Tiefu"},{"family":"Singh","given":"Yash"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1109/ojies.2022.3144093","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojies.2022.3144093","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W3205134388","type":"article-journal","title":"Economic growth, renewable energy consumption, and ecological footprint: Exploring the role of environmental regulations and democracy in sustainable development","abstract":"Abstract Countries enact environmental regulations to achieve sustainable development and ecological sustainability. However, environmental regulations do not guarantee environmental sustainability unless implemented efficiently. Furthermore, political institutions play a key role in the formulation and management of environmental regulations. This research examines the relationship between democracy, environmental regulations, economic growth, and ecological footprint (EF) in the panel of G7 nations from 1985 to 2017. Second generation econometric techniques are used to analyze the data. The empirical evidence indicates that economic growth enhances EF while democracy and environmental regulations positively contribute to ecological sustainability by reducing EF. The causal outcomes reveal that democracy Granger causes EF and renewable energy indicating that democracy curbs environmental degradation and stimulates the share of renewables. Further, democracy and environmental regulations Granger cause each other. Lastly, the implication of these findings for sustainable development and ecological sustainability are discussed.","author":[{"family":"Ahmed","given":"Zahoor"},{"family":"Ahmad","given":"Mahmood"},{"family":"Rjoub","given":"Husam"},{"family":"Kalugina","given":"Olga"},{"family":"Hussain","given":"N"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.1002/sd.2251","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2251","source":"openalex"},{"id":"doi:10.1039/d6ra04039j","type":"article-journal","title":"Energy, economic, and environmental (3E) analysis of hybrid water electrolysis through alternative oxidation reactions.","abstract":"As the utilization of hydrogen expands to achieve carbon neutrality, increasing attention has been directed toward technologies capable of reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions during hydrogen production. Although green hydrogen production through renewable energy-based water electrolysis is regarded as an environmentally friendly pathway, conventional water electrolysis systems still suffer from high levelized cost of hydrogen due to substantial electricity consumption. To address this challenge, this study proposes a Hybrid Water Electrolysis (HWE) system in which the conventional oxygen evolution reaction is replaced by electrochemical oxidation reactions of organic compounds. A 1 MW-scale alkaline water electrolysis system employing Urea, Glycerol, 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), and Glucose as reactants were modeled using Aspen Plus, followed by techno-economic analysis, and life cycle assessment. The analysis results showed that all HWE systems achieved higher hydrogen production rates than conventional alkaline water electrolysis systems (18.66 kg H 2 per hr). In particular, the glucose-based system exhibited the highest hydrogen and co-product production rates. The glucose-based system achieved the levelized cost of hydrogen as low as approximately 4.74 $ per kg H 2 under high-revenue conditions considering product sales revenue. In addition, the greenhouse gas emission analysis demonstrated that the glucose-based system achieved the lowest emissions when only the HWE system boundary was considered, whereas the urea-based system exhibited the lowest overall emissions when reactant production was included. Through a simulation-based 3-E (Energy, Economy, and Environment) analysis, this study demonstrates the potential of HWE technology to improve the economic feasibility of environmentally sustainable hydrogen production.","author":[{"family":"Ik","given":"Ahn"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1039/d6ra04039j","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra04039j","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1039/d6ra02235a","type":"article-journal","title":"A review of electro-hydrogen synergistic systems: from key material breakthroughs, multi-timescale control to full-chain integration.","abstract":"Under the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality targets, electro-hydrogen synergetic systems have emerged as a promising pathway for cross-temporal energy conversion and deep decarbonization across power, transport, and industrial sectors via the electricity-hydrogen-electricity. The system can enhance renewable energy integration, improve grid resilience, and support low-carbon transitions in hard-to-abate sectors. However, their large-scale deployment is still constrained by bottlenecks in key materials, efficiency coordination, dynamic matching, safety, and techno-economic performance. The review develops a framework spanning materials, components, systems, and market applications, with a focus on key material innovation, multi-timescale regulation, and full-chain integration. First, recent advances and critical challenges in water electrolysis technologies, including PEM, ALK, AEM, and SOEC, are reviewed in terms of catalyst materials, membrane electrode structures, stack-level in situ diagnostics, and durability under fluctuating operating conditions. Second, high-pressure gaseous, cryogenic liquid, and solid-state hydrogen storage pathways are comparatively assessed, revealing trade-offs among energy density, efficiency loss, safety, cost, and infrastructure compatibility. Third, the review summarizes coupling architectures for electricity-hydrogen-heat-gas multi-energy systems, as well as dynamic response control and multi-timescale optimal scheduling from microgrids and industrial parks to regional integrated energy systems. Finally, the application potential of electro-hydrogen synergetic systems in renewable energy consumption, grid ancillary services, and industrial decarbonization is discussed, and key scientific questions and suggestions for large-scale demonstration and commercialization are proposed.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1039/d6ra02235a","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra02235a","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-47289-w","type":"article-journal","title":"Challenges of the infiltration method for halide-based solid‑state battery cathodes.","abstract":"Halide solid electrolytes are promising materials for scalable solid-state batteries, but their compatibility with conventional wet-processing methods is still not well understood. In this work, we examine the challenges that arise when a solvent-based infiltration approach is applied to poly crystalline NCM622 cathodes using Li 3 YCl 4 Br 2 electrolyte solutions. We find that the electrolyte undergoes dissolution and reprecipitation in ethanol and DI water, which significantly lowers its ionic conductivity and leads to the formation of large agglomerates. These solvent-induced structural and morphological changes limit the ability of the electrolyte to penetrate the porous NCM cathode and result in uneven surface coverage. Furthermore, interactions between the solvent, electrolyte, and NCM622 trigger interfacial side-reaction products originating from the partial dissolution of cathode surface species. These reactions increase resistance, disrupt contact between the active material and electrolyte, and ultimately hinder Li-ion transport, causing severe capacity fading. Thus, this study clarifies the fundamental incompatibilities between halide electrolytes and wet-infiltration processing and provides guidance for improving solvent selection, electrode porosity, and interfacial stability in future solid-state battery designs.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1038/s41598-026-47289-w","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-47289-w","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1107/s1600576726000853","type":"article-journal","title":"Sample environment for &lt;i&gt;operando&lt;/i&gt; solid-state battery characterization.","abstract":"All-solid-state batteries provide new hope for developing electrical energy storage far beyond the current state of the art. Here, we present a new sample environment developed for operando and in situ investigations of solid-state batteries, allowing for simultaneous collection of X-ray diffraction and electrochemical data along with temperature control and stack pressure monitoring. The Aarhus pressure temperature operando X-ray, APTOX, cell has a 35&#xb0; 2&#x3b8; opening, allowing for measurement of high-quality powder X-ray diffraction data to obtain valuable information on structural changes during battery cycling. We present two different variants of the APTOX cell: APTOX-Pmon with the ability to monitor the applied stack pressure for advanced applications and APTOX-Spring with a spring system to apply constant mechanical pressure. The APTOX cell is compatible with different X-ray window configurations, allowing for tailoring of the X-ray background and attenuation, as well as different physical properties depending on the optimal conditions for the system of interest. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability by presenting operando powder X-ray diffraction data obtained using both an in-house diffractometer equipped with an Ag K &#x3b1; 1 X-ray source and a synchrotron source at MAX IV, Lund, Sweden.","author":[{"family":"Tss","given":"Faurskov"},{"family":"Ln","given":"Skov"},{"family":"Jb","given":"Grinderslev"},{"family":"Lr","given":"Kristensen"},{"family":"Jmh","given":"Bendtsen"},{"family":"Bp","given":"Andersen"},{"family":"Mrv","given":"Jørgensen"},{"family":"Db","given":"Ravnsbæk"},{"family":"Tr","given":"Jensen"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1107/s1600576726000853","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1107/s1600576726000853","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.5c04258","type":"article-journal","title":"Machine Learning Enabled Graph Analysis of Particulate Composites: Application to Solid-State Battery Cathodes.","abstract":"Particulate composites underpin many solid-state chemical and electrochemical systems, where microstructural features such as multiphase boundaries and interparticle connections strongly influence system performance. Advances in X-ray microscopy enable capturing large-scale, multimodal images of these complex microstructures with unprecedentedly high throughput. However, harnessing these data sets to discover new physical insights and guide microstructure optimization remains a major challenge. Here, we develop a machine learning (ML)-enabled framework that enables automated transformation of experimental multimodal X-ray images of multiphase particulate composites into scalable, topology-aware graphs for extracting physical insights and establishing local microstructure-property relationships at both the particle and network level. Using the multiphase particulate cathode of solid-state lithium batteries as an example, our ML-enabled graph analysis corroborates the critical role of triple-phase junctions and concurrent ion/electron conduction channels in realizing desirable local electrochemical activity. Our work establishes graph-based microstructure representation as a powerful paradigm for bridging multimodal experimental imaging and functional understanding and facilitating microstructure-aware data-driven materials design in a broad range of particulate composites.","author":[{"family":"Jm","given":"Hu"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1021/acsenergylett.5c04258","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.5c04258","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1002/smll.202600057","type":"article-journal","title":"A Hybrid Solid-State Battery with a Panoramic-Scale Stack of Bulk Electrodes and a Thin-Film Electrolyte.","abstract":"All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) have attracted attention as next-generation energy storage systems by their thermal stability and higher-energy-density potential. However, thick solid electrolytes in conventional ASSBs remain a key bottleneck, simultaneously increasing stack thickness and limiting ion-transport efficiency. Here, we develop a hybrid ASSB by depositing a thin-film electrolyte on a bulk anode substrate and stacking a thick cathode sheet. The thin-film electrolyte was deposited by co-sputtering with a Li 2 O capping layer. After thermal annealing in Ar, it formed a pure cubic-phase Li 6.4 La 3 Zr 1.4 Ta 0.6 O 12 film with a uniform thickness of 2.5 &#xb5;m and an out-of-plane Li-ion conductivity of 1.91 &#xd7; 10 -2 mS cm -1 at room temperature. A pore-gradient, well-compacted anode substrate (9.01% porosity) was fabricated via high-speed mixing and cold pressing, followed by thin-film sputtering deposition and infrared-based rapid annealing to integrate the bulk substrate and the thin-film electrolyte. A hybrid ASSB employing a 60 &#xb5;m-thick cathode sheet exhibited stable cycles, delivering an initial charge capacity of 102.96 mAh g -1 and a discharge capacity of 52.59 mAh g -1 , while maintaining a robust electrode-electrolyte interface after cycling. This work demonstrates the successful operation of a hybrid architecture, offering a new design strategy that integrates bulk electrodes with thin-film electrolytes toward high-energy-density ASSBs.","author":[{"family":"Yj","given":"Kim"},{"family":"Mk","given":"Seo"},{"family":"Jj","given":"Kim"},{"family":"Jh","given":"Lee"},{"family":"Ss","given":"Shin"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1002/smll.202600057","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202600057","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.6c00789","type":"article-journal","title":"Enhancement of Interfacial Thermal Conductance in PEO/LiCoO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Solid-State Battery Interfaces via an Al&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; Interlayer: A Molecular Dynamics Study.","abstract":"Interfacial thermal resistance at the cathode-electrolyte contact constitutes a major limitation for thermal management in solid-state lithium batteries. In this work, reverse nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (RNEMD) simulations are employed to quantify heat transport across the interface between a lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ) cathode and a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) solid electrolyte. For the direct PEO/LiCoO 2 interface, a pronounced temperature discontinuity is observed, corresponding to an interfacial thermal conductance of 164 MW m -2 K -1 . Upon insertion of an amorphous Al 2 O 3 interlayer, the effective interfacial thermal conductance increases to a lower-bound value of approximately 401 MW m -2 K -1 . This behavior reflects a significant thermal resistance that arises from the mismatch of phonons and weak interfacial coupling. To mitigate this limitation, a thin amorphous alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) interlayer is introduced at the interface. The presence of the alumina interlayer results in a nearly continuous temperature profile across the interface and leads to a substantial enhancement of interfacial heat transport, indicating a near elimination of the interfacial thermal resistance. The interfacial thermal conductance in the presence of the alumina interlayer remains high over the investigated temperature range of 250-400 K. Analysis of the vibrational density of states and radial distribution functions reveals that the alumina interlayer improves phonon spectral overlap and strengthens interfacial bonding, thereby facilitating more efficient energy transmission across the interface. These results demonstrate that ceramic interlayer engineering provides an effective strategy for improving interfacial thermal transport in solid-state battery architectures.","author":[{"family":"Mr","given":"Ejtehadi"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1021/acs.langmuir.6c00789","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.6c00789","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0351106","type":"article-journal","title":"Tail risk, large fluctuations and downfalls in renewable energy markets.","abstract":"The renewable energy sector has expanded rapidly as countries pursue decarbonization goals, increasing investor exposure to market risk and extreme price movements. While prior research has examined downside risk, volatility, and dependence structures in clean energy markets, less is known about the statistical properties governing the decay of extreme returns and the existence of finite moments. This study addresses this gap by analyzing the heavy-tailed behavior of renewable and conventional energy equity indices using daily data from April 2005 to February 2025. We estimate tail indices to assess the degree of heavy-tailedness and to infer the existence of finite moments, relying on confidence-interval-based inference rather than point estimates. In addition to full-sample analysis, a recursive expanding-window approach is employed to examine the time variation of tail risk and its response to major market stress events. The results indicate that both renewable and conventional energy indices exhibit heavy-tailed return distributions consistent with power-law behavior. Confidence-interval-based inference supports the existence of finite first and second moments across all indices, while higher-order moments may be infinite, implying limitations for models that rely on skewness or kurtosis. The recursive analysis reveals pronounced increases in tail risk during periods of systemic stress, particularly during the global financial crisis, highlighting the state-dependent nature of extreme risk in energy markets. Overall, the findings emphasize the importance of statistically justified tail analysis for risk measurement, portfolio construction, and stress testing in renewable energy markets, complementing existing studies focused on volatility and dependence.","author":[{"family":"As","given":"Hasanov"},{"family":"Sk","given":"Chong"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1371/journal.pone.0351106","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0351106","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1002/gch2.70132","type":"article-journal","title":"The Renewable Energy Landscape: Power-to-X, Land Competition, and Ecological Balance in Denmark.","abstract":"As Denmark continues to move towards a more decarbonized future, Power-to-X (PtX) technologies are becoming an important part of green energy and fuel. These technologies also have significant impacts on land and social equity. This study combines spatial analysis, qualitative case studies, and stakeholder mapping to analyze how PtX expansion interacts with land allocation and existing socio-economic inequalities within Denmark. Spatial mapping using geographical information systems (GIS) reveals that PtX infrastructure is more heavily sited in rural areas, heightening competition for land, environmental impacts, and economic impacts on local communities. These burdens affect rural communities more than urban ones. Case studies of three PtX facilities highlight how different planning and community engagement strategies produce varying outcomes. Stakeholder analysis identifies key tensions between developer actions and public response. Findings show that, while PtX can improve Denmark's energy security, a proactive policy is needed to ensure benefits are shared equally and community concerns are addressed. Recommendations include mandating early community engagement, prioritizing existing industrial sites, strengthening local benefit-sharing programs, enhancing environmental and social impact assessments, and expanding community education. This approach is crucial for Denmark to integrate PtX at scale while addressing spatial and socio-economic tradeoffs.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1002/gch2.70132","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.70132","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-61612-5","type":"article-journal","title":"Performance evaluation of supercapacitor-based energy storage systems in hybrid renewable energy configurations.","abstract":"Standalone and hybrid renewable energy systems often face grid instability, intermittent generation, and unpredictable loads, necessitating fast-responding storage technologies to complement conventional batteries. This study evaluates supercapacitor-based hybrid energy storage systems through simulation, prototype development, and experimental validation. A MATLAB/Simulink model simulated charge-discharge dynamics and power-sharing in hybrid setups integrating supercapacitors with lead-acid and lithium-ion batteries. A laboratory-scale prototype (incorporating solar panels, DC loads, and an Arduino-based controller with XBee for real-time wireless monitoring) was tested under dynamic load variations and changing environmental conditions. Key performance metrics included voltage regulation (steady-state deviation), transient response time, peak power handling, and battery stress reduction. Experimental results demonstrated improved voltage regulation with deviations limited to &lt;&#x2009;2% under step-load changes (compared to &gt;&#x2009;10% in battery-only configurations), transient response times reduced to &lt;&#x2009;50 ms, and effective management of peak demands up to 5 times nominal load. Supercapacitors handled high-frequency transients, reducing battery current peaks by up to 70% and extending cycle life. Real-time data from multiple scenarios confirmed stable power flow and efficient component coordination. These findings highlight the practical benefits of supercapacitor integration for enhanced reliability and performance in renewable and off-grid systems.","author":[{"family":"Hs","given":"Samkari"},{"family":"Mf","given":"Allehyani"},{"family":"Hm","given":"El"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1038/s41598-026-61612-5","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-61612-5","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1080/08927014.2026.2630946","type":"article-journal","title":"A review of biofouling characteristics and issues for offshore renewable energy industry.","abstract":"The development of offshore renewable energy (ORE) is accelerating to reach global decarbonisation objectives, but it faces technical and ecological challenges, including biofouling. This review synthesises current knowledge on biofouling colonising ORE structures, focusing on: 1) its technical impacts (increased hydrodynamic drag, corrosion, decreased component lifespan), and 2) its environmental impacts (modification of habitat, reef effect, non-native species dispersal). Special focus is given to floating systems, such as floating wind turbines, where biofouling significantly influences mooring lines and dynamic cables. Despite increasing interest in the field, many uncertainties remain, notably the lack of in situ offshore data, limited understanding of biofouling-structure interactions, and absence of standardised measurement protocols. The review discusses main knowledge gaps in offshore fouling dynamics and proposes future research perspectives to improve maintenance strategies and environmental management. Understanding these processes is essential for the long-term sustainability of ORE technologies and their integration into marine ecosystems.","author":[{"family":"Jf","given":"Briand"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1080/08927014.2026.2630946","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08927014.2026.2630946","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1002/cssc.202501440","type":"article-journal","title":"Applications of Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels in Renewable Energy: A Review.","abstract":"With the surging global demand for renewable energy, stimuli-responsive hydrogels have emerged asa research hotspot in this field, owing to their unique stimuli-responsive properties, high water content, and remarkable design flexibility. First, this work systematically introduces the molecular and structural design strategies of stimuli-responsive hydrogels, encompassing diverse stimulus-responsive mechanisms. Subsequently, it comprehensively reviews the application progress of stimuli-responsive hydrogels in emerging energy technologies, including sustainable solar utilization, energy storage and conversion, and intelligent energy management. Additionally, the review analyzes current challenges and explores the future development directions of stimuli-responsive hydrogels in conjunction with sustainable development needs. This review not only comprehensively presents the application potential of stimuli-responsive hydrogels in the new energy field but also provides key references for the subsequent development of high-performance hydrogels and the advancement of renewable energy technologies.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1002/cssc.202501440","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202501440","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-56860-4","type":"article-journal","title":"Low frequency oscillation detection in the presence of renewable energy sources using ambient stochastic subspace identification technique.","abstract":"The modern power system is highly penetrated by Renewable Energy Sources (RES). The grid synchronisation demands high accuracy of phase, frequency, and magnitude matching with the grid. Frequency detection is necessary, as even a slight frequency fluctuation can have disastrous effects on the power system. Primitive low-frequency oscillation (LFO) detection methods lack accuracy due to several problems, including noise, PMU inaccuracy, poor detection resolution, and tough PMU tuning. To overcome this ineffectiveness, this paper presents the Ambient Stochastic Subspace Identification (ASSI) for low-frequency oscillation detection. It enables continuous monitoring of frequency and can effectively identify low-frequency oscillations without being affected by system disturbances like noise and PMU latency. Due to good compatibility with PMU and the low latency of data transfer, Ambient-SSI is best for large system monitoring, as it is a good fit for wide area monitoring systems as well. It basically makes the Toeplitz matrix and analyses the oscillation. Once the matrix is known, the state matrix and output matrix can be further solved to know the frequency and damping ratio. Once these quantities are known, oscillations can be decided. Ambient SSI suits the PMU configuration and is the best among all primitive methods such as MP, FFT, and ERA, due to the independence of system non-linearity.","author":[{"family":"Ck","given":"Chan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1038/s41598-026-56860-4","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-56860-4","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.6431009","type":"manuscript","title":"TimeSTAR: An Adaptive Lithium Battery Health Prediction Model for Complex Degradation PatternsTimeSTAR: An Adaptive Lithium Battery Health Prediction Model for Complex Degradation Patterns","abstract":"With the widespread application of lithium-ion batteries in energy storage systems and electric vehicles, accurate life prediction is crucial for ensuring safe system operation. Although deep learning has made progress in lithium-ion battery life prediction, key technical bottlenecks remain: insufficient exploitation of cross-variable collaborative information under channel-independent strategies, inability of traditional decomposition methods to handle non-monotonic capacity regeneration phenomena, and failure of standard training strategies to effectively capture complex degradation patterns. To address these issues, this study proposes the TimeSTAR model. First, precise decomposition of non-monotonic patterns is achieved through regeneration detection mechanisms and adaptive weighting strategies. Second, a channel-level stochastic aggregated representation (STAR) learning mechanism is proposed, which fuses cross-channel information while maintaining channel independence via stochastic pooling, with differentiated processing strategies designed for the decomposed trend, seasonal, and residual components to enhance feature representation capability. Beyond model innovation, we design a progressive training strategy with hard sample prioritization that defines capacity regeneration intervals as hard samples and achieves gradual learning from local complex patterns to global degradation laws through stage-wise learning mechanisms. Experiments on three public datasets—CALCE, XJTU, and MIT—demonstrate that TimeSTAR achieves superior prediction performance across various degradation patterns, with substantial improvements over comparative models across all metrics, and exhibits significant robustness advantages in complex scenarios such as capacity regeneration and strong fluctuations. This study provides a high-precision life prediction solution for battery health management.","author":[{"family":"Wang","given":"Shanshan"},{"family":"Hu","given":"Junjie"},{"family":"Zeng","given":"Liang"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.2139/ssrn.6431009","URL":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6431009","source":"crossref"},{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41467-026-74773-8","type":"article-journal","title":"Anion-exchange fluorinated ion conductors for stable high-voltage lithium battery.","abstract":"The development of high-energy all-solid-state batteries is critically hindered by the electrochemical instability of solid electrolytes against high-voltage oxide positive electrodes. While fluorination is a promising strategy to enhance electrolyte stability, conventional methods are ineffective, resulting in insufficient fluorine content and a debilitating trade-off with ionic conductivity. Here, we report a solid-state anion-exchange strategy that overcomes these limitations by producing core-shell Li-fluoride/LiCl nanocomposite precursors. These precursors enable the synthesis of heavily fluorinated lithium-halide and lithium-sulfide electrolytes that combine high ionic conductivity with good oxidative stability. This stability originates from the formation of a robust, self-limiting LiF-rich interphase at the positive electrode. Consequently, an all-solid-state battery using a Li-rich oxide positive electrode achieves high performance, retaining over 77.5% capacity after 2000 cycles at a high rate of 3&#x2009;C (1&#x2009;C&#x2009;=&#x2009;275&#x2009;mA/g) and a 5.0&#x2009;V cutoff. This anion-exchange approach is broadly applicable to other systems and establishes a versatile platform for designing advanced fluorinated materials for next-generation batteries.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1038/s41467-026-74773-8","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-74773-8","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41467-026-72527-0","type":"article-journal","title":"Suppressing concentration polarization in lithium battery composite polymer electrolytes via piezo-assisted electromechanical coupling effect.","abstract":"The inherent limitation of Li + transport and resulting severe concentration polarization in solid-state electrolytes have hindered the practical application of lithium metal batteries. Addressing this challenge, here we create a piezoelectric polymeric composite electrolyte based on poly(vinylidene fluoride) blended with 0.5Ba(Zr 0.2 Ti 0.8 )O 3 -0.5(Ba 0.7 Ca 0.3 )TiO 3 , which exploits volume fluctuations of lithium metal negative electrodes during cycling to activate a piezo-assisted electromechanical coupling effect. The resulting gradient piezo-field within the prepared electrolyte selectively accelerates Li + while impedes anions movement, thereby effectively suppressing concentration polarization fundamentally. Consequently, the prepared electrolytes exhibit relatively low concentration polarization, enabling a high critical current density of 3.7&#x2009;mA&#x2009;cm -2 , stable Li plating/stripping even at high current density of 2&#x2009;mA&#x2009;cm -2 , and prolonged cycling stability of Li&#x2009;|&#x2009;|Ni 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 full cell over 2600 times at the specific current of 900&#x2009;mA&#x2009;g -1 within a potential window of 2.8 to 4.5&#x2009;V. This work proposes a mechanical-electrochemical conversion strategy by constructing a piezoelectric electrolyte that actively utilizes the unavoidable volume fluctuation of lithium metal to minimize Li + concentration gradient, offering a promising pathway towards high-performance lithium metal batteries.","author":[{"family":"Jy","given":"Yin"},{"family":"Yb","given":"He"},{"family":"Yf","given":"Huang"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1038/s41467-026-72527-0","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-72527-0","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2026.140359","type":"article-journal","title":"Screening additive for stable solid electrolyte interphase in polymer lithium battery by coulometric titration time analysis.","abstract":"The stability of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is critical to the performance of solid-state polymer lithium metal batteries. While electrolyte additives can markedly improve SEI quality, characterizing its temporal evolution remains challenging. This study employs the coulometric titration time analysis (CTTA), a highly sensitive electrochemical method, to evaluate the effects of various additives on the long-term stability of SEI in the poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based solid polymer electrolyte (SPE). Using this method, a range of additives, including ion-conductive fillers, inert fillers, plasticizers, and lithium salts, are systematically screened. We demonstrate that lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiDFOB) acts as a highly effective functional additive, preferentially decomposes at the lithium anode to form a thin, inorganic-rich passivation SEI layer, which mitigates the degradation of both PEO and Lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl)imide (LiTFSI). With the incorporation of LiDFOB, the time required to consume the same amount of deposited lithium extends by approximately 14-fold compared to the additive-free SPE, indicating significantly suppressed interfacial side reactions. As a result, a Li | PEO-LiTFSI-5LiDFOB | LiFePO 4 cell exhibits outstanding cycling stability, retaining 93.5% of its capacity after 200&#xa0;cycles at 0.5C. These findings underscore the utility of CTTA as a powerful diagnostic tool for screening interfacial-stabilizing additives and provide clear guidelines for designing long-life polymer-based solid-state batteries.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.jcis.2026.140359","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2026.140359","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-62239-2","type":"article-journal","title":"Multi-objective optimization framework for dynamic energy management in hybrid microgrids using NSGA-III.","abstract":"This study proposes a comprehensive multi-objective optimization framework for demand-side management of a hybrid microgrid comprising photovoltaic (PV) panels, wind turbines (WT), a battery energy storage system (BESS), a fuel cell (FC), and a grid connection. The framework simultaneously minimizes the Peak-to-Average Ratio (PAR) and total operating cost through dynamic load scheduling under real-time pricing (RTP). A renewable energy utilization strategy prioritizes clean energy dispatch, while an intelligent battery management scheme optimizes charging and discharging decisions according to renewable generation availability, load demand, and electricity price signals. To address the limitations of conventional weighted-sum optimization approaches, the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III (NSGA-III) is employed to generate a diverse and well-distributed Pareto front without requiring predefined objective weights. The proposed framework is evaluated under three energy system configurations: (i) grid-only operation, (ii) grid-integrated renewable energy and battery storage, and (iii) grid-integrated renewable energy, battery storage, and fuel-cell support. The results demonstrate that hybrid renewable energy configurations significantly improve both economic and operational performance compared with conventional grid-dependent operation. The proposed framework generated multiple Pareto-optimal operating strategies with different trade-offs between operating cost and PAR. The minimum-cost solution achieved an operating cost of 131.73 Cents, while a representative compromise solution achieved 155.98 Cents with improved demand-side management performance. Comparative evaluation against NSGA-II, MOPSO, SPEA2, and the Weighted Sum Method reveals that NSGA-III consistently achieves superior Pareto-front quality, convergence characteristics, solution diversity, and robustness across 30 independent trials. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of NSGA-III for multi-objective energy management and provide a scalable optimization framework for enhancing the economic efficiency, operational flexibility, and sustainability of future smart microgrid systems.","author":[{"family":"Imdadullah"},{"family":"Tk","given":"Nizami"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1038/s41598-026-62239-2","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-62239-2","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1002/smll.74796","type":"article-journal","title":"Molecular Design of Polymer Dielectrics With Local State Traps for High-Temperature Energy Storage.","abstract":"Polymer dielectrics exhibit significant advantages in dielectric capacitors due to their high breakdown strength, thermal stability, and excellent processability. However, polyetherimide (PEI) exhibit a significant increase in conduction loss at elevated temperatures due to a strong intramolecular charge transfer effect, severely limiting energy storage performance. This work proposes a design strategy based on molecular structural regulation to suppress conduction loss. Functional diamine units are introduced into the PEI backbone to construct local state traps, while regulating the suppression of charge transport by local hole traps and local large conjugated dihedral angle. The results demonstrate that PEI copolymer films with 4,4'-Oxydianiline (ODA) can achieve optimal regulation between local hole traps and local large conjugated dihedral angle, thereby introducing the deepest local state traps and significantly suppressing charge transport. At 200 &#xb0;C, PEI-ODA film exhibits an exceptional discharge energy density of 3.82 J/cm 3 with an efficiency exceeding 90%, while maintaining high reliability of 50&#xa0;000 cycles. This research presents a molecular design strategy for high-temperature applications, providing significant insights for the development of high-temperature polymer dielectric for high-power electronic systems.","author":[{"family":"Yc","given":"Jung"},{"family":"Jw","given":"Zha"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1002/smll.74796","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.74796","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0353697","type":"article-journal","title":"Day-ahead active and reactive power scheduling of wind turbines and battery energy storage systems for power loss and CO2 emission reduction in AC microgrids.","abstract":"This paper proposes a day-ahead scheduling framework to analyze and optimize the impact of the coordinated active and reactive power management of wind turbines (WTs) and battery energy storage systems (BESSs) on the energy losses and CO2 emissions of AC microgrids (MGs). Within this framework, the BESS plays a central role by absorbing surplus renewable generation, mitigating curtailment, supporting voltage regulation, and ensuring a stable and reliable dispatch over a 24-hour horizon. A population-based genetic algorithm (PGA) is proposed as the main solution methodology, while particle swarm optimization (PSO) and the multiverse optimizer (MVO) are employed as benchmark methods for comparison. To ensure a fair assessment, all optimization techniques are implemented under the same parallel processing scheme, using the same decision-variable encoding, feasibility correction procedure, and hourly sequential AC power-flow method. The objective is to minimize network energy losses and CO2 emissions under both grid-connected and islanded operating modes. The proposed methodology is validated on 33-node and 69-node MGs, both evaluated under variable demand and wind-generation scenarios to capture the uncertainty and temporal variability associated with renewable production and load behavior. In addition, the BESS model includes charging/discharging efficiency, self-discharge effects, and battery lifetime assessment under the proposed operating scenarios, allowing a more realistic representation of storage performance. The optimization methods are evaluated over 100 independent runs using the best solution, average solution, standard deviation, and computational time as performance indicators. The results show that the proposed PGA provides the most robust and repeatable performance, while also highlighting the operational contribution of the BESS, reducing renewable curtailment, and guaranteeing compliance with all technical constraints, under deterministic baseline operation and under uncertain time-varying operating conditions in both test systems.","author":[{"family":"Hp","given":"Vega"},{"family":"Cr","given":"Baier"},{"family":"Lf","given":"Grisales"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1371/journal.pone.0353697","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0353697","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.6c01726","type":"article-journal","title":"Synergistic Interfacial Blocking and Water Activity Suppression in Water-in-Salt Electrolytes toward High-Energy Aqueous Supercapacitors.","abstract":"Electrolyte optimization is critical for broadening the electrochemical stability window (ESW) and enhancing the capacitance of aqueous supercapacitors (ASCs) for high energy storage. High-concentration water-in-salt (WIS) electrolytes effectively suppress water activity to widen the ESW, but they provide limited improvement in capacitance. To solve this trade-off without disrupting the intrinsic solvation structure of WIS electrolytes, we describe an electrolyte system created by adding zwitterionic charge-neutral glycylglycine (GG) with stable electrode adsorption to a 27 m potassium acetate (KAc) WIS electrolyte, aiming to synergistically broaden the ESW and improve the ASC capacitance. Theoretical and experimental results indicate that GG does not significantly disrupt the first solvation structure of K + , although it introduces a limited perturbation to the bulk electrolyte environment, which may explain why the changes in the ionic conductivity and viscosity of the electrolyte are not substantial. Instead, GG preferentially adsorbs onto activated carbon (AC) electrode surfaces through multifunctional interactions, occupying the inner Helmholtz plane and physically isolating water molecules from the electrode interface, which further contributes to enhanced electrode capacity. As a result, the ASCs with the KAc/GG electrolyte show an extended ESW from 2.0 to 2.4 V. At a current density of 5 A g -1 , the AC electrode achieves a specific capacitance of 367.24 F g -1 , with a capacitance retention of over 90% after 10,000 cycles. This effective approach offers a viable pathway for the development of high-energy-density ASCs, supporting their potential applications in portable electronics and grid-scale energy storage.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1021/acs.jpclett.6c01726","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.6c01726","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.isci.2026.116711","type":"article-journal","title":"Technology configurations for decarbonizing residential heat supply through district heating and implications for the electricity network.","abstract":"District heating networks (DHNs) have significant potential to decarbonize residential heating and accelerate the energy transition. However, designing carbon-neutral DHNs requires balancing several objectives, including economic costs, social acceptance, long-term uncertainties, and grid-integration challenges arising from electrification. By combining modeling-to-generate-alternatives with power flow simulation techniques, we develop a decision-support method for designing carbon-neutral DHNs that are cost-effective, socially acceptable, and impose minimal impacts on the electricity grid. Applying our method to a Dutch case, we find substantial diversity in how carbon-neutral DHNs can be designed. The flexibility in technology choice, sizing, and location enables accommodating different real-world needs and achieving high electrification levels without increasing grid loading. For instance, intelligently located heat pumps and thermal storage can limit grid stress even when renewable baseload heat sources and green-fuel boilers are scarce. Using our method, planners can explore diverse carbon-neutral DHN designs and identify the design that best balances stakeholders' preferences.","author":[{"family":"Lj","given":"De"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.isci.2026.116711","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2026.116711","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-63606-9","type":"article-journal","title":"Risk analysis of power surging in novel power systems: a hybrid framework driven by accident chain and WPMixer.","abstract":"To address the complex dynamic power risks in novel power systems induced by the superimposition of \"three-high\" characteristics (high renewable energy penetration, high direct current infeed ratio, and high load density) and extreme weather, this paper proposes the concept of \"power surging\" alongside a comprehensive risk analysis and planning methodology. Power surging is defined as the random and drastic variations in power flows across voltage levels or regions, and it is classified into longitudinal and transverse surging based on propagation directions. To overcome the limitations of traditional theories in characterizing cross-level and cross-regional transient power processes, the accident chain theory is introduced and coupled with the proposed concept. Focusing on weak disturbance scenarios, the accident chain is decomposed into four stages: initial trigger, power surging, system instability, and final consequence. Explicit quantitative correlations are established between each stage and key planning parameters, forming an analytical framework that encompasses total risk calculation and key risk point identification. Furthermore, the WPMixer model is proposed to synergistically capture the complex temporal mappings between planning parameters and power surging, enabling efficient surge scale prediction. Simulation results based on an extended IEEE 39-bus system validate that the longitudinal and transverse power surging characteristics align with the theoretical expectations. The quantitative analysis reveals that energy storage capacity and tie-line reserves exert significant regulatory effects on longitudinal upward surges and transverse inflow surges, with sensitivity coefficients of -0.3416 and -&#x2009;0.0810, respectively. The final consequence and initial trigger stages are identified as the most critical risk points. This study provides an effective quantitative tool for the dynamic risk assessment and resilient planning of novel power systems.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1038/s41598-026-63606-9","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-63606-9","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1002/gch2.70125","type":"article-journal","title":"Environmental Impacts of Perovskite Solar Cell Materials: Transparency and Reproducibility Gaps, and Reporting Recommendations.","abstract":"As renewable energy deployment grows and silicon solar cells approach their efficiency limits, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) emerge as a promising next-generation photovoltaic technology. PSCs environmental impacts are assessed via life cycle assessment (LCA), which depends on the availability of high-quality life cycle inventories (LCIs). In this study, we systematically identified 101 LCIs related to PSC materials, aiming to recommend the most reliable among them. However, we found that all inventories rely on secondary data and frequently omit critical details such as production scale. We also reproduced reported inventories and found large discrepancies in environmental impacts-sometimes differing by several orders of magnitude across sources. These inconsistencies, coupled with poor documentation, prevented the identification of a single best inventory for any material. Instead, we recommend the use of the most detailed inventories characterized by the highest number of inventory flows as a basis to build more transparent inventories. Our findings demonstrate how gaps in transparency, documentation, and reproducibility in PSC materials inventories impede decision-making and erode confidence in LCA results. To address these issues, eleven steps are proposed when developing LCIs for emerging materials.","author":[{"family":"Ak","given":"Kamali"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1002/gch2.70125","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.70125","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1002/gch2.70135","type":"article-journal","title":"Just Transition Toward Clean Energy Access With Focus on Lead-Based Perovskite Solar Cell Technology: Lessons, Experiences, and Future Perspectives.","abstract":"Energy poverty remains a critical barrier to sustainable development, particularly in emerging and developing economies. Whereas solar technologies enjoy a positive public perception compared to fossil fuel infrastructure, the phenomenon of 'green first' or support for renewable energy can mislead government officials or policymakers into believing that social acceptance is not a key issue when deploying innovative renewable energy projects. In spite of technological advances that have progressed in the field of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), critical ethical and environmental problems surrounding their application remain unresolved. Although, significant progress with PSCs, attention has focused on performance and scalability; few studies have integrated PSC toxicity, recycling, and environmental impacts within the energy justice framework applied to sub-Saharan Africa, Indo-Pacific regions, Latin America and other parts of the world. This review synthesizes evidence-based PSC environmental risks, recycling feasibility, and circular economy models, and links to potential impacts on equitable energy access in the context of environmental vulnerability and eco-safe resource constraints. The key findings show that while PSCs can dramatically reduce the cost of decentralised solar energy and enhance energy access, they can also support successful transitions that achieve the procedural, recognition, and equitable distribution and inclusivity necessary for energy justice globally.","author":[{"family":"Bk","given":"Korir"},{"family":"Gg","given":"Njema"},{"family":"Ma","given":"Agoro"},{"family":"Td","given":"Malevu"},{"family":"Jk","given":"Kibet"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1002/gch2.70135","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.70135","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1039/d6ra04105a","type":"article-journal","title":"Harnessing the potential of lead-free BiFeO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;-based perovskite solar cell architectures: a gateway to next-generation energy challenges.","abstract":"An inorganic, lead-free n-i-p structured perovskite solar cell based on BiFeO 3 (BFO) is employed and optimized using 3D COMSOL Multiphysics simulations to address the urgent shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy driven by environmental challenges. The solar cell structure incorporates ZnSe as the electron transport layer, BFO as the perovskite absorber layer, and Spiro-OMeTAD as the hole transport layer. A detailed analysis is conducted to evaluate the effect of layer thicknesses, perovskite layer, electron transport layer, hole transport layer, relative permittivity, electron mobility, donor density, acceptor density, series, shunt, characteristic resistances, carrier lifetime, and electron-hole recombination on device performance. The optimized design achieves a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 10.866% with an open-circuit voltage of 2.32 V, a short-circuit current density of 7.25 mA cm -2 , a power maximum of 108.66 W m -2 , and a fill factor of 64.47% at an optimal ETL relative permittivity of 4. The adoption of lead-free materials enhances environmental safety, operational stability, and device longevity. This study highlights the potential of BFO-based perovskite solar cells to drive sustainable photovoltaic innovations, with promising applications in portable electronics, building-integrated photovoltaics, and scalable renewable energy systems.","author":[{"family":"Mm","given":"Mudassar"},{"family":"Mu","given":"Salman"},{"family":"Ms","given":"Hassan"},{"family":"Mj","given":"Iqbal"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1039/d6ra04105a","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra04105a","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181521","type":"article-journal","title":"Climate change and global energy transformation: The role of renewable energy and electric vehicles.","abstract":"The energy and transportation sectors are the primary sources of greenhouse gas emissions; studies have largely examined renewable energy (RE) and electric vehicles (EVs) as separate solutions rather than as interdependent technologies. This review addresses this gap by providing a holistic assessment of their combined role in climate change mitigation. Drawing on peer-reviewed literature and case studies (2018-2025), this synthesis analyzes how research addresses global trends, technological advancements (e.g., vehicle-to-grid (V2G) systems, AI-based grid management, and solid-state batteries), lifecycle emissions, infrastructure requirements, and policy landscapes. While existing studies highlight significant progress in RE and EV deployment, the literature also identifies critical barriers, including grid integration, charging infrastructure gaps, supply chain constraints for critical minerals, and fragmented policy environments. This review's primary contribution is a cross-sectoral synthesis of the literature that demonstrates the interdependence of clean energy and transport, addressing a gap where prior research has examined these technologies largely in isolation. The review synthesizes evidence showing that the integrated deployment of RE and EVs presents a viable, though challenging, pathway to achieving the Paris Agreement's 1.5&#xa0;&#xb0;C target. The study offers targeted recommendations to overcome these barriers and accelerate a low-carbon energy transition.","author":[{"family":"Aq","given":"Al"},{"family":"Mz","given":"Sujod"},{"family":"Ka","given":"Mahafzah"},{"family":"Hmk","given":"Al"},{"family":"Ma","given":"Hannan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181521","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181521","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1039/d5ra09050d","type":"article-journal","title":"Biochar for pollution mitigation and renewable energy applications toward sustainability development.","abstract":"In the context of fossil fuels polluting the environment and depleting energy resources, the need to find sustainable solutions becomes urgent; in which, biochar stands out thanks to its potential applications in the fields of energy and environment. Biochar is produced from biomass and possesses advantageous structural properties, such as high surface area, porosity, and diverse functional groups, as well as ease of synthesis and compatibility with a wide range of low-cost, renewable feedstocks. This review outlines key biochar production methods-thermal, chemical, and biological-and evaluates recent advancements that enhance its structure and performance. These findings show that engineered biochar exhibits strong capabilities in pollutant adsorption, heavy-metal immobilization, and wastewater treatment, with surface chemistry playing a decisive role in removal efficiency. Biochar is being widely used in sustainable energy technologies, from electrode fabrication to renewable fuel production, due to its cost and environmental advantages. This review summarizes the potential of decentralized biochar production models for waste management and circular economy, identifies current research gaps, and discusses opportunities for future expansion. In doing so, the paper highlights the role of biochar as a promising solution to environmental and energy challenges.","author":[{"family":"Hb","given":"Truong"},{"family":"Vd","given":"Dang"},{"family":"Ap","given":"Khedulkar"},{"family":"Jr","given":"Adorna"},{"family":"Wj","given":"Yu"},{"family":"Tan","given":"Bui"},{"family":"Mk","given":"Nguyen"},{"family":"Lkh","given":"Pham"},{"family":"Nc","given":"Toan"},{"family":"Gt","given":"Thu"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1039/d5ra09050d","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ra09050d","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129147","type":"article-journal","title":"Renewable energy integration in wastewater treatment plants: A review of pathways to energy self-sufficiency and sustainability.","abstract":"One of the industries with a huge role in public health and environmental protection is municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). However, they face serious challenges, such as high energy consumption, operational expenses, and greenhouse gas emissions. This review analyzes energy demand across all WWTP stages, highlighting energy-intensive processes such as aeration, membrane filtration, and sludge drying. While previous studies often examine renewable energy technologies in isolation, this work uniquely integrates solar energy, wind power, geothermal, and biogas within a unified WWTP framework, emphasizing techno-economic feasibility, operational reliability, and carbon mitigation. The study focuses on integrating these renewable sources, with a particular focus on biogas from anaerobic digestion (AD) as an on-site energy carrier. Solar and geothermal energy are explored for combined thermal and electrical applications, subject to site-specific limitations. Finally, this review moves the field forward by critically looking at new multigeneration ideas that can provide electricity, thermal energy, fresh water, hydrogen, and bioproducts all at once. This perspective identifies gaps in the coordinated application of renewable energy and multigeneration strategies, offering a roadmap for transforming WWTPs into sustainable resource recovery hubs. Future work is proposed on digital twin modeling, AI-driven operational optimization, and advanced geothermal and solar technologies to further enhance energy efficiency and system resilience.","author":[{"family":"Gg","given":"Akkurt"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129147","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129147","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-025-31963-6","type":"article-journal","title":"A new 37- level inverter with reduced switches for renewable energy applications.","abstract":"Multilevel inverters (MLIs) are now crucial in producing high-quality output waveforms due to their modularity and efficiency. This paper presents a novel 37- level MLI topology with a reduced number of switches and sources. The proposed design offers several advantages, including lower total harmonic distortion (THD) of 1.21% in hardware and 0.8% in simulation, high efficiency of 93.26%, reduced total standing voltage of 18 V DC ), and an improved component-per-level ratio compared to existing MLIs. The inverter performance is validated using MATLAB/Simulink and a laboratory prototype controlled by a dSPACE system under different load conditions. Results confirm that the proposed inverter maintains stable operation during dynamic load changes and provides a cost-effective, compact, and reliable solution for renewable energy and electric vehicle applications.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1038/s41598-025-31963-6","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-31963-6","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2026.135014","type":"article-journal","title":"From phytoremediation to renewable energy: sustainable upcycling of Fe-enriched peanut sprouts into single-atom catalysts for rechargeable zinc-air battery.","abstract":"The treatment and valorization of iron-rich wastewater remain a challenge in environmental biotechnology. Herein, we propose a plant-physiology-directed strategy that synergistically combines iron phytoremediation and bioresource upcycling for sustainable catalyst production. By leveraging the natural hyperaccumulation capability of hydroponically cultivated peanut sprouts, iron ions were efficiently extracted from iron-containing wastewater and translocated within the plant vascular system, where in situ pre-coordination with nitrogen-rich ligands occurred. Subsequent one-step carbonization and activation converted the iron-laden biomass into Fe-N-C single-atom catalysts with atomically dispersed Fe-N 4 sites. This green biosynthesis route not only removes iron pollutants from aqueous media but also transforms them into high-value electrocatalysts, establishing a waste-to-wealth pathway. The obtained catalyst exhibits exceptional oxygen reduction activity (half-wave potential of 0.86&#xa0;V vs. RHE) and outstanding stability in quasi-solid state Zn-air batteries. This study demonstrates a bio-based strategy for concurrent metal pollution control and functional materials production, offering a sustainable prototype for environmental and energy applications.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.135014","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2026.135014","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21296107","type":"article-journal","title":"Retrofitting Abandoned Slate Mine For Long-Term Thermal Energy Storage: Lessons Learned From the WeForming and Ard-Nrgy Projects","abstract":"This paper presents the lessons learned from the WeForming and Ard-Nrgy projects, which aim to convert a former slate mine in Martelange, Belgium, into a large-capacity underground thermal energy storage facility. Considering the European climate objectives and the growing need to integrate intermittent renewable energy sources into heating networks, the reuse of abandoned flooded mines represents an innovative technical and economic opportunity. After exploring the identified cavity and conducting drilling operations, a complete pumping, heat exchange, water treatment, and fiber optic measurement system was installed. Detailed dynamic modeling, based on Modelica and the IDEAS library, was conducted to analyze the performance of three different architectures: an individual geothermal heat pump system, a centralized system without storage, and a centralized system with storage. The simulations show that underground storage can improve photovoltaic selfconsumption and energy self-sufficiency, while ensuring seasonal storage efficiency comparable to conventional UTES systems. The results also demonstrate the importance of adequately sizing the underground storage volume, which is essential for optimizing system costs and performance. The conclusion is that the geological uncertainty dominates techno-economic viability of mine-based UTES.","author":[{"family":"Ransy","given":"Frédéric"},{"family":"Cendoya","given":"Aitor"},{"family":"Lemort","given":"Vincent"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21296107","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21296107","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21296108","type":"article-journal","title":"Retrofitting Abandoned Slate Mine For Long-Term Thermal Energy Storage: Lessons Learned From the WeForming and Ard-Nrgy Projects","abstract":"This paper presents the lessons learned from the WeForming and Ard-Nrgy projects, which aim to convert a former slate mine in Martelange, Belgium, into a large-capacity underground thermal energy storage facility. Considering the European climate objectives and the growing need to integrate intermittent renewable energy sources into heating networks, the reuse of abandoned flooded mines represents an innovative technical and economic opportunity. After exploring the identified cavity and conducting drilling operations, a complete pumping, heat exchange, water treatment, and fiber optic measurement system was installed. Detailed dynamic modeling, based on Modelica and the IDEAS library, was conducted to analyze the performance of three different architectures: an individual geothermal heat pump system, a centralized system without storage, and a centralized system with storage. The simulations show that underground storage can improve photovoltaic selfconsumption and energy self-sufficiency, while ensuring seasonal storage efficiency comparable to conventional UTES systems. The results also demonstrate the importance of adequately sizing the underground storage volume, which is essential for optimizing system costs and performance. The conclusion is that the geological uncertainty dominates techno-economic viability of mine-based UTES.","author":[{"family":"Ransy","given":"Frédéric"},{"family":"Cendoya","given":"Aitor"},{"family":"Lemort","given":"Vincent"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21296108","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21296108","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22148732","type":"article-journal","title":"An Explainable Agentic Architecture for Multi-Site Photovoltaic Power Forecasting","abstract":"Photovoltaic (PV) power forecasting is critical for grid stability and renewable energy integration. However, existing approaches prioritize predictive accuracy while neglecting operational requirements: physical validity under noisy data, transparent decision-making, and scalable multi-site deployment. This paper proposes an explainable architecture for multi-site photovoltaic forecasting that extends a validated hybrid ensemble pipeline through system-level design. Forecasting is structured as an explicit reasoning process comprising perception, inference, validation, explanation, and action stages. Each photovoltaic site uses an autonomous Forecasting Unit (FU), deployed as a microservice for scalable and consistent operation across sites. Explainability is achieved through explicit model orchestration, constraintbased validation, and traceable fallback mechanisms. Validation on real-world PV systems demonstrates that the architecture maintains competitive forecasting accuracy while ensuring physical validity and transparent model behavior. All forecasts are operationally applicable with traceable decision-making processes.These results highlight the relevance of architectural organization and an agentic-by-design (deterministicreasoning loop) architecture, based on explicit validation and orchestration mechanisms, for deployingtrustworthy photovoltaic forecasting systems in industrial environments.","author":[{"family":"Sakli","given":"Leila"},{"family":"Ben Elghali","given":"Seifeddine"},{"family":"Merrad","given":"Yacine"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22148732","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22148732","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22148733","type":"article-journal","title":"An Explainable Agentic Architecture for Multi-Site Photovoltaic Power Forecasting","abstract":"Photovoltaic (PV) power forecasting is critical for grid stability and renewable energy integration. However, existing approaches prioritize predictive accuracy while neglecting operational requirements: physical validity under noisy data, transparent decision-making, and scalable multi-site deployment. This paper proposes an explainable architecture for multi-site photovoltaic forecasting that extends a validated hybrid ensemble pipeline through system-level design. Forecasting is structured as an explicit reasoning process comprising perception, inference, validation, explanation, and action stages. Each photovoltaic site uses an autonomous Forecasting Unit (FU), deployed as a microservice for scalable and consistent operation across sites. Explainability is achieved through explicit model orchestration, constraintbased validation, and traceable fallback mechanisms. Validation on real-world PV systems demonstrates that the architecture maintains competitive forecasting accuracy while ensuring physical validity and transparent model behavior. All forecasts are operationally applicable with traceable decision-making processes.These results highlight the relevance of architectural organization and an agentic-by-design (deterministicreasoning loop) architecture, based on explicit validation and orchestration mechanisms, for deployingtrustworthy photovoltaic forecasting systems in industrial environments.","author":[{"family":"Sakli","given":"Leila"},{"family":"Ben Elghali","given":"Seifeddine"},{"family":"Merrad","given":"Yacine"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22148733","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22148733","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21552231","type":"article-journal","title":"Environmental Challenges and Polices of India","abstract":"One crucial problem faced by India is the dependence on fossil energy reaching to 93,3%, while the share of renewable energy is only 7,7%. This causes two implications. Firstly, India is at the situation of insecurity energy due to the limitation of the availability of fossil energy. Since 2004, India is net importer oil country. Secondly, the use of fossil energy creates CO2, a component of greenhouse gases stimulating global warming and climate change. One strategy to deal with this problem is by implementing new energy system consisting of developing renewable energy and energy efficiency. This paper observes the impact of the use of fossil energy, the measures taken to deal with these problems and the issues of implementing the measures. This research relies on secondary data available at the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resource, Ministry of Environment and Forestry specifically at by Proper Secretariat, and other relevant sources.","author":[{"family":"Shridhar","given":"Dr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21552231","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21552231","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21552232","type":"article-journal","title":"Environmental Challenges and Polices of India","abstract":"One crucial problem faced by India is the dependence on fossil energy reaching to 93,3%, while the share of renewable energy is only 7,7%. This causes two implications. Firstly, India is at the situation of insecurity energy due to the limitation of the availability of fossil energy. Since 2004, India is net importer oil country. Secondly, the use of fossil energy creates CO2, a component of greenhouse gases stimulating global warming and climate change. One strategy to deal with this problem is by implementing new energy system consisting of developing renewable energy and energy efficiency. This paper observes the impact of the use of fossil energy, the measures taken to deal with these problems and the issues of implementing the measures. This research relies on secondary data available at the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resource, Ministry of Environment and Forestry specifically at by Proper Secretariat, and other relevant sources.","author":[{"family":"Shridhar","given":"Dr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21552232","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21552232","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22146593","type":"article-journal","title":"GENeSYS-MOD ETHIOPIA: DATA","abstract":"This dataset is part of the Ethiopia case study within the Open Modelling Toolbox for Africa (OpenMod4Africa), which provides an open platform of state-of-the-art models for analyzing long-term pathways toward sustainable, secure, and competitive energy systems in Africa. It corresponds to Deliverable 6.2 of the project under the relevant work package. The dataset includes the following: An hourly data file containing renewable energy potentials and timeseries data generated using publicly available data and the Atlite tool. Input files for the two modelling scenarios considered in the case study: Business-as-Usual (BAU) scenario and a Government Policy scenario which implements targets for clean cooking adoption, transport electrification, NDC targets and other policies. This data contains technology parameters, base year (2019) generation data and sectoral demand data. The data provides a representation of Ethiopia's national energy system through four (4) sub-national regions (Northern, Central, South Eastern and South Western) formed by aggregating administrative regions. Further, demand from household cooking segment is represented as an independent sector. The dataset is intended for use with the current version of GENeSYS-MOD implemented in Ethiopia. GENeSYS-MOD is a tool for modeling long-term energy system scenarios. Detailed documentation of GENeSYS-MOD is available at: https://genesysmod.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ This work was developed as part of the OpenMod4Africa project and has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 101118123.","author":[{"family":"Gashaw","given":"Kanchwodia"},{"family":"Fantu","given":"Hermela"},{"family":"Hanto","given":"Jonathan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22146593","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22146593","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22146592","type":"article-journal","title":"GENeSYS-MOD ETHIOPIA: DATA","abstract":"This dataset is part of the Ethiopia case study within the Open Modelling Toolbox for Africa (OpenMod4Africa), which provides an open platform of state-of-the-art models for analyzing long-term pathways toward sustainable, secure, and competitive energy systems in Africa. It corresponds to Deliverable 6.2 of the project under the relevant work package. The dataset includes the following: An hourly data file containing renewable energy potentials and timeseries data generated using publicly available data and the Atlite tool. Input files for the two modelling scenarios considered in the case study: Business-as-Usual (BAU) scenario and a Government Policy scenario which implements targets for clean cooking adoption, transport electrification, NDC targets and other policies. This data contains technology parameters, base year (2019) generation data and sectoral demand data. The data provides a representation of Ethiopia's national energy system through four (4) sub-national regions (Northern, Central, South Eastern and South Western) formed by aggregating administrative regions. Further, demand from household cooking segment is represented as an independent sector. The dataset is intended for use with the current version of GENeSYS-MOD implemented in Ethiopia. GENeSYS-MOD is a tool for modeling long-term energy system scenarios. Detailed documentation of GENeSYS-MOD is available at: https://genesysmod.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ This work was developed as part of the OpenMod4Africa project and has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 101118123.","author":[{"family":"Gashaw","given":"Kanchwodia"},{"family":"Fantu","given":"Hermela"},{"family":"Hanto","given":"Jonathan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22146592","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22146592","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19926691","type":"article-journal","title":"Trade Openness and Energy Consumption: A Comparative Evidence from Developing and Developed Countries","abstract":"There has been a rapid increase in global energy consumption, particularly given the wide acceptance of international trade as a channel for economic growth and development. Yet, energy consumption is a critical distinguishing variable between developing and developed nations. This study investigated the comparative impact of trade openness on energy consumption in developing and developed countries. Selected countries (developing and developed) for 1990 to 2023 in a panel study were estimated using the PMG, GM, and DFE models. Results from the various estimation methods showed insignificant differences. For both developed and developing countries, historical energy consumption patterns play a crucial role, indicating complementarity. For developing countries, trade openness and economic development emerged as strong key positive drivers of renewable energy use, especially in the short run, highlighting their role in facilitating technology diffusion and income-driven demand for cleaner energy sources, and environmental sustainability showed sensitivity to country-specific heterogeneity. For the developed countries, environmental sustainability and trade openness showed key positive drivers of renewable energy use, especially in the short run, and GDP per capita played a strong supportive role, reflecting income-driven demand for cleaner energy. Therefore, following Grossman’s model, an increase in trade openness leads to higher energy use but lower levels of energy intensity. The study advocated, among others, for Green Trade openness. The developing countries are to concentrate on managing trade dynamics with energy policies, while developed countries are to concentrate on aligning trade policies with sustainability goals.","author":[{"family":"Isesele","given":"Williams"},{"family":"Ogbeide-Osaretin","given":"Evelyn"},{"family":"Orhewere","given":"Bright"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19926691","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19926691","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19926692","type":"article-journal","title":"Trade Openness and Energy Consumption: A Comparative Evidence from Developing and Developed Countries","abstract":"There has been a rapid increase in global energy consumption, particularly given the wide acceptance of international trade as a channel for economic growth and development. Yet, energy consumption is a critical distinguishing variable between developing and developed nations. This study investigated the comparative impact of trade openness on energy consumption in developing and developed countries. Selected countries (developing and developed) for 1990 to 2023 in a panel study were estimated using the PMG, GM, and DFE models. Results from the various estimation methods showed insignificant differences. For both developed and developing countries, historical energy consumption patterns play a crucial role, indicating complementarity. For developing countries, trade openness and economic development emerged as strong key positive drivers of renewable energy use, especially in the short run, highlighting their role in facilitating technology diffusion and income-driven demand for cleaner energy sources, and environmental sustainability showed sensitivity to country-specific heterogeneity. For the developed countries, environmental sustainability and trade openness showed key positive drivers of renewable energy use, especially in the short run, and GDP per capita played a strong supportive role, reflecting income-driven demand for cleaner energy. Therefore, following Grossman’s model, an increase in trade openness leads to higher energy use but lower levels of energy intensity. The study advocated, among others, for Green Trade openness. The developing countries are to concentrate on managing trade dynamics with energy policies, while developed countries are to concentrate on aligning trade policies with sustainability goals.","author":[{"family":"Isesele","given":"Williams"},{"family":"Ogbeide-Osaretin","given":"Evelyn"},{"family":"Orhewere","given":"Bright"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19926692","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19926692","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20849512","type":"article-journal","title":"AI-Driven Green Computing For Energy-Efficient Data Centers: An Intelligent And Sustainable Framework","abstract":"The rapid expansion of cloud computing, artificial intelligence (AI), and data-intensive applications has significantly increased the energy consumption of data centers, making sustainability a critical concern. Conventional energy optimization techniques such as virtualization, Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS), and static cooling mechanisms provide limited adaptability to modern, dynamic workloads. This research paper presents a comprehensive analysis of AI-driven green computing approaches for improving energy efficiency in data centers. Using insights from existing literature, this work proposes an intelligent framework that integrates machine learning, reinforcement learning, and predictive analytics to optimize workload distribution, cooling systems, and energy demand forecasting in real time. The proposed approach aims to reduce energy consumption, minimize carbon emissions, and improve Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) while maintaining system performance. Additionally, novel innovations such as carbon-aware scheduling and renewable-energy-aware AI optimization are discussed to enhance sustainability. The findings indicate that AI-based energy management can achieve significant energy savings and support the development of future-ready green data centers.","author":[{"family":"Vidhate","given":"Sonali"},{"family":"Pritee","given":"Fuldeore"},{"family":"Vaishnavi","given":"Jagtap"},{"family":"Vishakha","given":"Khairnar"},{"family":"Kudai","given":"Aruba"},{"family":"Madoo","given":"Safa"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20849512","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20849512","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20849513","type":"article-journal","title":"AI-Driven Green Computing For Energy-Efficient Data Centers: An Intelligent And Sustainable Framework","abstract":"The rapid expansion of cloud computing, artificial intelligence (AI), and data-intensive applications has significantly increased the energy consumption of data centers, making sustainability a critical concern. Conventional energy optimization techniques such as virtualization, Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS), and static cooling mechanisms provide limited adaptability to modern, dynamic workloads. This research paper presents a comprehensive analysis of AI-driven green computing approaches for improving energy efficiency in data centers. Using insights from existing literature, this work proposes an intelligent framework that integrates machine learning, reinforcement learning, and predictive analytics to optimize workload distribution, cooling systems, and energy demand forecasting in real time. The proposed approach aims to reduce energy consumption, minimize carbon emissions, and improve Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) while maintaining system performance. Additionally, novel innovations such as carbon-aware scheduling and renewable-energy-aware AI optimization are discussed to enhance sustainability. The findings indicate that AI-based energy management can achieve significant energy savings and support the development of future-ready green data centers.","author":[{"family":"Vidhate","given":"Sonali"},{"family":"Pritee","given":"Fuldeore"},{"family":"Vaishnavi","given":"Jagtap"},{"family":"Vishakha","given":"Khairnar"},{"family":"Kudai","given":"Aruba"},{"family":"Madoo","given":"Safa"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20849513","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20849513","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21322634","type":"article-journal","title":"Tuning the Microstructural and Life-Cycle Performance of Agro-Waste Bioplastics via OPEFB-Cellulose and Glycerol Co-Plasticization","abstract":"Abstract The severe environmental footprint of conventional petroleum-based plastics underscores the urgent need to transition to sustainable bioplastics derived from non-food agricultural waste. This study develops a fully circular bio-composite film using starch extracted from cassava (Manihot esculenta) peels as the polymer matrix, reinforced with oxidized cellulose fibers isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) and plasticized using glycerol. Starch and cellulose were effectively recovered with yields of 34% and 22.6%, respectively, showing remarkably low ash content (0.18% and 2.70%), ensuring that mineral impurities did not impede film performance. Ten bioplastic formulations (BP-A through BP-J) were systematically synthesized to decode the balance between cellulose matrix reinforcement and glycerol chain plasticization. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) verified that the inclusion of cellulose fibers acting as a reinforcing filler drastically improved structural compactness, filled interfacial voids, and eliminated internal micro-pores. This microstructural optimization resulted in a systematic decrease in water absorption capacity from 37.3% (unreinforced BP-A) to 23.3% (50% cellulose reinforced BP-E), limiting water penetration via matrix densification. Conversely, glycerol disrupted inter-chain hydrogen bonds, increasing free volume and water uptake up to 24.7% for BP-I. Soil burial tests over 30 days revealed that biodegradation rates are directly governed by composition-driven hydrophilicity; samples with higher moisture uptake degraded rapidly (>80%), while the high-cellulose, unplasticized sample (BP-F) exhibited a controlled degradation of 60%. A comprehensive Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) identified that the production heating and drying operations constitute the largest environmental footprint (actual energy about 6.24 kWh per 0.8 kg batch), demonstrating that shifting to renewable grid energy and industrial composting systems is vital to maximize the circular advantages of agro-waste biopolymers.","author":[{"family":"Maduabuchi","given":"Valentine"},{"family":"Verla","given":"Evelyn"},{"family":"Ijeoma","given":"Chinonye"},{"family":"Bola","given":"Ebenezer"},{"family":"Verla","given":"Andrew"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21322634","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21322634","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21322635","type":"article-journal","title":"Tuning the Microstructural and Life-Cycle Performance of Agro-Waste Bioplastics via OPEFB-Cellulose and Glycerol Co-Plasticization","abstract":"Abstract The severe environmental footprint of conventional petroleum-based plastics underscores the urgent need to transition to sustainable bioplastics derived from non-food agricultural waste. This study develops a fully circular bio-composite film using starch extracted from cassava (Manihot esculenta) peels as the polymer matrix, reinforced with oxidized cellulose fibers isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) and plasticized using glycerol. Starch and cellulose were effectively recovered with yields of 34% and 22.6%, respectively, showing remarkably low ash content (0.18% and 2.70%), ensuring that mineral impurities did not impede film performance. Ten bioplastic formulations (BP-A through BP-J) were systematically synthesized to decode the balance between cellulose matrix reinforcement and glycerol chain plasticization. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) verified that the inclusion of cellulose fibers acting as a reinforcing filler drastically improved structural compactness, filled interfacial voids, and eliminated internal micro-pores. This microstructural optimization resulted in a systematic decrease in water absorption capacity from 37.3% (unreinforced BP-A) to 23.3% (50% cellulose reinforced BP-E), limiting water penetration via matrix densification. Conversely, glycerol disrupted inter-chain hydrogen bonds, increasing free volume and water uptake up to 24.7% for BP-I. Soil burial tests over 30 days revealed that biodegradation rates are directly governed by composition-driven hydrophilicity; samples with higher moisture uptake degraded rapidly (>80%), while the high-cellulose, unplasticized sample (BP-F) exhibited a controlled degradation of 60%. A comprehensive Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) identified that the production heating and drying operations constitute the largest environmental footprint (actual energy about 6.24 kWh per 0.8 kg batch), demonstrating that shifting to renewable grid energy and industrial composting systems is vital to maximize the circular advantages of agro-waste biopolymers.","author":[{"family":"Maduabuchi","given":"Valentine"},{"family":"Verla","given":"Evelyn"},{"family":"Ijeoma","given":"Chinonye"},{"family":"Bola","given":"Ebenezer"},{"family":"Verla","given":"Andrew"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21322635","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21322635","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20324785","type":"article-journal","title":"Footstep Power Generation For Smart Street Lighting And Charging","abstract":"The increasing demand for renewable and sustainable energy sources has encouraged the development of innovative energy harvesting technologies. Footstep energy harvesting is a promising method that converts mechanical energy generated by human walking into electrical energy. This work presents the design and implementation of a piezoelectric-based footstep power generation system capable of producing electrical energy from pedestrian movement. In the proposed system, multiple piezoelectric sensors are installed beneath a footstep platform where they experience mechanical stress whenever a person steps on the surface. Due to the piezoelectric effect, the applied pressure produces electrical voltage that can be collected and processed. The generated electrical output is passed through a rectifier and voltage regulation circuit to convert it into stable DC power suitable for storage. The conditioned energy is stored in a rechargeable battery and later utilized for practical applications. The stored power is used for automated street lighting and an RFID-based charging station that allows authorized users to charge small electronic devices.","author":[{"family":"Suhas","given":"KH"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20324785","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20324785","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20324786","type":"article-journal","title":"Footstep Power Generation For Smart Street Lighting And Charging","abstract":"The increasing demand for renewable and sustainable energy sources has encouraged the development of innovative energy harvesting technologies. Footstep energy harvesting is a promising method that converts mechanical energy generated by human walking into electrical energy. This work presents the design and implementation of a piezoelectric-based footstep power generation system capable of producing electrical energy from pedestrian movement. In the proposed system, multiple piezoelectric sensors are installed beneath a footstep platform where they experience mechanical stress whenever a person steps on the surface. Due to the piezoelectric effect, the applied pressure produces electrical voltage that can be collected and processed. The generated electrical output is passed through a rectifier and voltage regulation circuit to convert it into stable DC power suitable for storage. The conditioned energy is stored in a rechargeable battery and later utilized for practical applications. The stored power is used for automated street lighting and an RFID-based charging station that allows authorized users to charge small electronic devices.","author":[{"family":"Suhas","given":"KH"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20324786","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20324786","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.1002/smtd.70823","type":"article-journal","title":"Rational Design of LiNi&lt;sub&gt;1-x&lt;/sub&gt;Fe&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Electrodes for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction Under Power-Fluctuating Operations in Alkaline Water Electrolysis.","abstract":"The electrochemical performance of alkaline water electrolyzers is hindered by power fluctuations when integrated with renewable energy sources in terms of electrode degradation. To address this, highly active and durable Fe-incorporated LiNiO 2 oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrodes were fabricated for power-fluctuating operations. The electrodes are synthesized through electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) as a one-step, binder-free, and scalable process. The electronic structure of LiNi 1- x Fe x O 2 was tuned by regulating the Ni and Fe content. This analysis suggests that optimal Fe incorporation raises the Ni oxidation state to Ni 3+ , which likely regulates the e g orbital filling, thereby enhancing OER activity. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations corroborate this electronic modulation and further indicate that the Fe incorporation reduces the theoretical overpotential, consistent with experimental observations. The optimized electrocatalyst, LiNi 0.6 Fe 0.4 O 2 , exhibits remarkable OER performance with an overpotential (246 mV@10&#xa0;mA cm -2 ) and a Tafel slope (41&#xa0;mV dec -1 ). During half-cell durability tests under various voltage cycling conditions, LiNi 0.6 Fe 0.4 O 2 exhibits highly stable performance with insignificant degradation, attributed to stable maintenance of Ni 3+ . Moreover, the alkaline electrolyzer cell test achieved 87.7% voltage efficiency and stable operation for 200 h under power-fluctuating conditions. These results highlight the potential of LiNi 0.6 Fe 0.4 O 2 for application under variable renewable power supplies.","author":[{"family":"Am","given":"Tamboli"},{"family":"Ws","given":"Kim"},{"family":"Ss","given":"Subramanian"},{"family":"Gh","given":"Gu"},{"family":"Ch","given":"Kim"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1002/smtd.70823","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.70823","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13021-026-00483-9","type":"article-journal","title":"Can better institutions drive cleaner energy in the United States? insights from wavelet quantile regression.","abstract":"The transition to clean energy in the United States remains insufficient despite rising environmental concerns and increasing renewable energy adoption. This study investigates whether better institutional quality can effectively drive cleaner energy outcomes by examining the impact of governance alongside key macroeconomic factors. Using quarterly data from 1990 to 2024, the study employs a wavelet quantile regression approach to capture nonlinear and time-varying dynamics across short-, medium-, and long-run horizons. The findings reveal that economic growth, foreign direct investment, and trade openness positively influence renewable energy consumption, particularly over longer time horizons. In contrast, carbon emissions exhibit a negative relationship with renewable energy adoption. Surprisingly, institutional quality shows a predominantly negative effect, suggesting that stronger institutions may reinforce existing fossil fuel-based energy structures rather than accelerate transition. These results highlight the complexity of institutional roles in energy transformation and emphasize the need for targeted regulatory reforms to support renewable energy expansion in the United States.","author":[{"family":"Bs","given":"Eweade"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1186/s13021-026-00483-9","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-026-00483-9","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0350725","type":"article-journal","title":"Joint optimization of smart inverters and EV charging coordination for enhanced DG-EV hosting capacity under uncertain conditions for resilient distribution systems.","abstract":"The rapid growth of renewable-based distributed generation (DG) and electric vehicles (EVs) poses significant operational challenges for distribution systems (DSs), particularly under uncertainties in renewable output, load demand, and EV charging behavior. Distribution system operators must therefore evaluate and enhance both DG hosting capacity (DG-HC) and EV hosting capacity (EV-HC) while maintaining voltage security and reducing losses. This study presents a stochastic, multi-objective optimization framework that jointly coordinates smart inverter (SI)-based Volt/VAR control and EV charging scheduling to simultaneously maximize DG-HC and EV-HC and minimize active power losses and voltage deviation. The framework integrates active power management through EV charging coordination and reactive power support via optimally deployed SIs. The resulting multi-objective problem is solved using the Starfish Optimization Algorithm (SFOA) and benchmarked against three established metaheuristics. The methodology is validated on the IEEE 33-bus system and a real 59-bus distribution network in Cairo, Egypt. Results show that coordinated SI-EV control increases DG-HC and EV-HC by up to 74% and 89%, respectively, and achieves voltage deviation reductions of 55% in the IEEE 33-bus system and 11% in the Cairo DS. Comparative analysis confirms that SFOA provides superior convergence and solution quality relative to the competing techniques.","author":[{"family":"Zm","given":"Zenhom"},{"family":"Zm","given":"Ali"},{"family":"She","given":"Abdel"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1371/journal.pone.0350725","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0350725","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.3390/s26144478","type":"article-journal","title":"Field-Validated UAV-Based Deep Learning Framework for Automated Inspection of Power Transmission and Distribution Infrastructure.","abstract":"The reliable inspection of power transmission and distribution infrastructure is essential for ensuring energy security, operational continuity, and asset reliability. Conventional inspection procedures are labor-intensive, costly, and often expose maintenance teams to hazardous environments. In this context, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) combined with artificial intelligence have emerged as an effective solution for large-scale infrastructure monitoring. This paper presents a field-validated framework for automated inspection of power transmission and distribution assets using autonomous UAV image acquisition and deep learning analysis. The proposed approach enables multiclass detection of electrical components and anomalies in high-resolution aerial imagery, without requiring computationally intensive 3D reconstruction. The framework integrates autonomous data collection, object detection, and dedicated condition assessment models into a scalable inspection workflow. The system was validated across six transmission and distribution lines located in five Brazilian states, covering 2925 support structures and a wide range of environmental and operational conditions. Experimental results achieved an overall mAP 50 of 0.9572 across seven target classes, with individual scores ranging from 0.8945 for corrosion detection to 0.9935 for ceramic disc insulators. Complementary classification models achieved accuracies of 0.97 for insulator contamination assessment, 0.92 for pin attachment configuration, and 0.98 for ceramic pin integrity evaluation. The results demonstrate the feasibility of deploying Artificial Intelligence (AI)-assisted UAV inspections in real utility scenarios, providing a scalable alternative for preventive maintenance, asset management, and condition-based monitoring of electrical infrastructure.","author":[{"family":"Gmc","given":"Martins"},{"family":"Mf","given":"Dos"},{"family":"Mf","given":"Da"},{"family":"Jen","given":"Masson"},{"family":"Pmr","given":"Alves"},{"family":"Grc","given":"Chain"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.3390/s26144478","URL":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26144478","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.3390/ma19132895","type":"article-journal","title":"MXene-Based Photocatalysts for Pharmaceutical Wastewater Remediation and Sustainable Energy Conversion: Mechanisms, Interface Engineering, and Future Perspectives.","abstract":"Pharmaceutical residues in wastewater pose persistent ecological and public health risks, creating an urgent need for efficient and sustainable remediation technologies. MXene-based photocatalysts have attracted growing interest owing to their high electrical conductivity, tunable surface chemistry, abundant active sites, and excellent charge-transfer capability. This review summarizes recent advances in MXene-based photocatalytic systems for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment and renewable energy production. Key topics include pharmaceutical degradation pathways, reactive oxygen species generation, ecotoxicological implications, and the multifunctional roles of MXenes as conductive supports, electron mediators, and cocatalysts. Interfacial engineering strategies, including Z-scheme, S-scheme, and Schottky heterojunctions, are discussed with respect to light absorption, charge separation, and interfacial redox reactions. Practical considerations, such as reactor design, life cycle assessment, and techno-economic feasibility, are also addressed. Finally, current challenges and future directions are highlighted, particularly scalable fluorine-free synthesis, improved oxidative stability, and machine learning-assisted material design. This review provides a concise framework for developing stable, efficient, and scalable MXene-based photocatalytic platforms for pharmaceutical wastewater remediation and sustainable energy generation.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.3390/ma19132895","URL":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19132895","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.3390/polym18141760","type":"article-journal","title":"Sensitivity and Scenario Analysis to Reduce the Carbon Footprint of Polypropylene Processing Using Primary Industrial Data.","abstract":"Life cycle assessment (LCA) studies of polypropylene (PP) processing commonly rely on generic secondary databases, while primary industrial inventories for plastic conversion processes remain scarce. This study addresses this gap by quantifying the cradle-to-gate carbon footprint of polypropylene processing using anonymised primary industrial data collected in 2024 from four European polypropylene processing facilities. Unlike previous studies relying mainly on generic secondary inventories, the proposed approach combines primary industrial data with sensitivity and scenario analyses to identify practical priorities for emission reduction. The baseline carbon footprint was estimated at 1.44 tCO 2 e per tonne of finished product, with material production and energy-intensive processing identified as the major emission hotspots. One-Factor-at-a-Time (OFAT) sensitivity analysis showed that polypropylene type, process efficiency, renewable electricity use, and process waste management were the most influential parameters, whereas water consumption and additive use had only a minor effect on overall emissions. Scenario analysis indicated that combining recycled polypropylene, improved process efficiency and renewable electricity reduced emissions by 45.8%, while reducing process waste and fully recycling production residues achieved a 42.2% reduction compared with the baseline. By integrating primary industrial inventory data with sensitivity and scenario analyses, this study provides a more representative assessment of real industrial polypropylene processing conditions than approaches based solely on generic databases and identifies practical priorities for industrial carbon mitigation.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.3390/polym18141760","URL":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym18141760","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1002/cssc.70899","type":"article-journal","title":"Tailored Interfacial Coupling in CoPi/PANI@Nickel-Cobalt Phosphide Heterostructure Electrocatalysts for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution in Alkaline Media.","abstract":"Interface engineering and electronic modulation are key strategies for developing efficient and durable electrocatalysts for sustainable hydrogen production. Herein, we report a hybrid electrocatalyst prepared by integrating cobalt phosphate (CoPi) and polyaniline (PANI) onto a nickel cobalt phosphide (NiCoP) matrix to enhance the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Co--N coordination was confirmed by XPS analysis, while density of states analysis revealed an upward shift in the Co d-band center from -1.11 to -1.03&#x2009;eV following hybridization. This electronic modulation facilitated rapid charge transfer and strengthened interfacial electronic coupling, thereby accelerating HER kinetics through the conductive PANI framework. As a result, the CoPi/PANI@nickel-cobalt phosphide heterostructure delivers a low overpotential of 115&#x2009;mV at 10&#x2009;mA&#x2009;cm &#x2012; 2 and a Tafel slope of 123.85&#x2009;mV&#x2009;dec &#x2012; 1 , following the Volmer-Heyrovsky mechanism for efficient H 2 O dissociation and (H*) adsorption. The catalyst also demonstrates long-term electrochemical durability in alkaline media. This study highlights a versatile and scalable approach for designing multifunctional heterostructure electrocatalysts through polymer--assisted interface modulation for sustainable hydrogen generation.","author":[{"family":"Tt","given":"Karthika"},{"family":"Aak","given":"Nair"},{"family":"Sma","given":"Shibli"},{"family":"Aa","given":"Vargeese"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1002/cssc.70899","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.70899","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1038/s44458-026-00122-x","type":"article-journal","title":"Spa visits carry measurable carbon footprints that vary with energy use and renewables.","abstract":"Spa and wellness centres constitute a fundamental aspect of contemporary health and lifestyle infrastructure, yet their environmental impacts remain under-assessed. This study presents a dynamic emissions calculator tailored to spa and wellness facilities, designed to generate transparent per-visitor emissions and support decarbonisation and benchmarking. By combining metered data such as energy and water with normalised non-metered sources including waste and staff travel, the model quantifies per-visitor emissions across Scopes 1, 2, and 3 and provides time-resolved profiles showing daily and seasonal patterns. Validation uses data from a large wellness resort and a small university sports park wellness zone. The results show that a typical visit results in average emissions of ~5 kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent at the large facility and ~3.5 kilograms at the small facility, with on-site renewable energy in 2024 reducing emissions by ~33% and ~14% respectively.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1038/s44458-026-00122-x","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44458-026-00122-x","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1002/smll.74444","type":"article-journal","title":"Cation Vacancies Activate Dual Sites of Magnesium Storage in Prussian Blue Analogs Cathode.","abstract":"Owing to their vast crustal abundance and inherently dendrite-free electrodeposition, rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) have emerged as a compelling next-generation alternative to conventional lithium-ion technologies. In this context, Prussian Blue Analogs (PBAs) demonstrate significant potential as intercalation cathode candidates, as their open framework and continuous 3D diffusion pathways facilitate efficient divalent ion transport. However, their practical implementation is currently hindered by limited specific capacity and insufficient cycling stability, primarily due to lattice distortion and sluggish intercalation kinetics. This study presents a novel magnesium storage mechanism involving vacancy-mediated ion insertion (4b sites) and the activation of adsorption-active sites (32f sites), thereby significantly boosting the electrochemical performance of PBA materials. Notably, the cation-deficient PBA (PBA&#x25a1;Fe), synthesized via slow coprecipitation and acid treatment, delivered a high energy density of 240&#xa0;Wh&#xa0;kg -1 , which is comparable to those of transition metal oxide materials, while maintaining 80.7% capacity retention over 1000 cycles at 200&#xa0;mA&#xa0;g -1 . The dual role of Fe vacancies-providing Mg 2+ storage sites and activating additional adsorption active sites (32f sites)-highlights a strategic innovation for the deployment of high-capacity and long-cycle cathodes for RMBs. This work underscores the potential of defect engineering in optimizing high-performance Mg-ion battery materials.","author":[{"family":"Ma","given":"Tamerd"},{"family":"Wh","given":"Huang"},{"family":"Mh","given":"Yeh"},{"family":"Ct","given":"Chen"},{"family":"Cy","given":"Kuo"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1002/smll.74444","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.74444","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.130450","type":"article-journal","title":"Organic micropollutant removal from wastewaters using O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;-based and UV-assisted quaternary treatments to comply with the revised urban wastewater treatment directive.","abstract":"The revised EU Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive (UWWTD) requires wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to implement quaternary treatment to achieve 80% average percentage removal of selected organic micropollutants (OMPs), while moving toward energy neutrality. In this context, this study investigated and compared the performance of various pilot-scale ozone (O 3 )-based and UV-assisted advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for the removal of OMPs from real secondary- and tertiary-treated effluents, and their energy demands to comply with the UWWTD. O 3 -based AOPs robustly achieved UWWTD compliance across different wastewater matrices and contaminant combinations. This supports the implementation of O 3 -based processes within multi-barrier treatment systems coupled with BAC (biological activated carbon) post-treatment. In contrast, H 2 O 2 overdosing in O 3 -based processes reduced the likelihood of meeting UWWTD targets, suggesting an optimal H 2 O 2 /O 3 ratio of 1-1.5. The multi-matrix, multi-process energy assessment reveals that O 3 -based processes are more efficient and cost-effective processes for OMPs removal, and UV-assisted treatments are more sensitive to wastewater quality. Energy self-sufficiency of WWTPs is unrealistic. For instance, photovoltaic (PV)-based supply scenarios face spatial constraints, typically requiring PV areas 2-10 times larger than a conventional WWTP footprint. Sensitivity analysis of biogas energy recovery shows that AOPs self-sufficiency is governed by oxidant dose. Results suggest that achieving energy neutrality may require off-site renewable supply, highlighting the limits of full on-site energy self-sufficiency. Overall, the results identify ozonation as the most robust, energy-efficient, and UWWTD-aligned option for quaternary wastewater treatment.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.130450","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.130450","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2026.135359","type":"article-journal","title":"From structure to application: the versatile cell walls of Chlorophyta.","abstract":"Microalgae hold great promise as sustainable feedstocks for a broad spectrum of biotechnological applications. However, their use is still constrained by the significant financial and energy demands of downstream processing, particularly biomass harvesting and extraction of high-value metabolites. A major barrier represents their robust, often biochemically complex cell wall that hinders efficient processing. Because cell-wall biosynthesis consumes large amounts of photosynthetically fixed carbon, the wall itself represents not only a major metabolic investment but also a largely untapped, renewable bioresource with significant industrial potential. To advance algal biotechnology, comprehensive knowledge of cell-wall structure, biosynthesis, and variability is essential. However, for Chlorophyta-the green algae most frequently used in biotechnological applications-available information on cell-wall composition remains fragmented. Existing studies often describe divergent or even contradictory findings, reflecting the remarkable diversity of cell-wall architectures within this phylum. This review addresses this knowledge gap by synthesizing and critically evaluating current research on Chlorophyta cell walls. An outline of the major structural components reported across species, including polysaccharides, glycoproteins and algaenan-like materials is provided. In addition, current industrial applications of these cell-wall components-ranging from biomaterials and bioactive compounds to environmentally friendly polymers-are discussed, along with their potential roles in future biotechnological innovations. By integrating these scattered data, the review aims to provide a unified perspective that supports both fundamental research and practical application. Ultimately, this review seeks to facilitate the development of more efficient biotechnological processes and to advance a more sustainable bioeconomy by strengthening the understanding of the biochemistry of Chlorophyta cell walls.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.135359","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2026.135359","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-025-32759-4","type":"article-journal","title":"Clean energy, environmental policy and energy justice as drivers of sustainable development in OECD countries.","abstract":"Although OECD countries face some of the pervasive levels of sustainable development amidst the recent call for climate action, energy justice and energy transition and its associated effects, the avalanche of literature on this issue tends to concentrate on high-income regions where data is more readily available. This disparity hindered efforts to improve long-term growth, alleviate pressure on the environment, and foster economic recovery. To disentangle whether this subpar performance of sustainable development is due to the application of clean energy or fossil energy, this study assesses and compares the two main types of energy-clean energy and fossil energy-within the context of OECD countries, focusing on their sustainable development impact across various quantiles. In this paper, the novel Method of Moment Quantile Regression was employed, with data ranging from 2000 to 2023 across OECD countries. The findings indicate that renewable energy used as a proxy for clean energy corresponds to improvement in sustainable development across all quantiles. Conversely, non-renewable energy tends to cause a decline in sustainable development across all quantiles. Furthermore, the findings of the study showed that environmental regulations, globalization and financial access improves the level of sustainable development. The study using a bootstrap quantile methodology for robustness testing, revealed comparable outcomes, particularly regarding the direction of the relationship between the variables of interest. The study recommended that the government of OECD countries should encourage the adoption of clean energy while placing premium on strict environmental policies to effectively achieve sustainable development.","author":[{"family":"Ah","given":"Jaaffar"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1038/s41598-025-32759-4","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-32759-4","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1039/d5nh00710k","type":"article-journal","title":"Emerging two-dimensional supported atomic and cluster catalysts for CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; electroreduction.","abstract":"In recent years, the electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO 2 RR), driven by renewable energy and operated under mild conditions with controllable reaction pathways, has emerged as a promising route for carbon-neutral energy conversion. Two-dimensional supported catalysts have attracted particular interest owing to their tunable electronic structures and well-defined active sites. However, how the number and spatial configuration of active centers govern CO 2 RR activity and selectivity remains insufficiently understood, limiting the rational design of efficient catalysts. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent experimental and theoretical advances in two-dimensional supported catalysts for the CO 2 RR, including single-atom (SACs), double-atom (DACs), and three-atom (TACs) catalysts, and metal clusters, with an emphasis on insights obtained from density functional theory (DFT). The fundamental reaction pathways of the CO 2 RR are first summarized, highlighting structure-activity relationships between active-site characteristics and catalytic performance. Subsequently, the advantages and limitations of different catalyst architectures are critically compared, and the mechanisms of CO 2 reduction to C 1 products such as CO, HCOOH, and CH 4 are systematically analyzed. Particular attention is given to the role of DFT in elucidating reaction pathways, charge transfer, and adsorption energetics, thereby revealing key descriptors governing activity and selectivity. By integrating experimental observations with theoretical insights, this review aims to provide a mechanistic framework and design principles for the development of advanced two-dimensional supported catalysts for efficient CO 2 RRs.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1039/d5nh00710k","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nh00710k","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1002/anie.6973257","type":"article-journal","title":"Steering CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Electroreduction to Methane and Deuterated Methane via Hydrogen-Bond Engineering on Copper-Phenolic Networks.","abstract":"Electrochemical CO 2 reduction (eCO 2 R) powered by renewable electricity offers a sustainable route for carbon cycling and value-added chemical synthesis. Among possible products, methane (CH 4 ) is particularly attractive due to its high energy density and direct compatibility with existing natural gas infrastructure. However, it remains challenging to selectively produce CH 4 with conventional copper catalysts. Herein, we developed a copper-phenolic network catalyst featuring atomically dispersed Cu&#x2500;O 4 sites, where adjacent uncoordinated hydroxyl groups from tannic acid (TA) act as intrinsic hydrogen-bond donors to stabilize the oxygen-bound formate intermediate (*OCHO). This hydrogen-bond-enabled microenvironment redirects eCO 2 R from the conventional *CO-mediated pathway toward a formate-derived route, while simultaneously suppressing the competing hydrogen evolution reaction. As a result, the optimized Cu-PTA catalyst delivers a high CH 4 Faradaic efficiency of 75.5% with a partial current density of 302.0&#xa0;mA cm -2 in aqueous electrolyte. Notably, this pathway-steering strategy is readily applicable to deuterated electrolytes, enabling efficient production of deuterated methane (CD 4 ) with a record-high Faradaic efficiency of 83.1% and a partial current density of 415.6&#xa0;mA cm -2 . This work establishes hydrogen-bond engineering as a general approach for manipulating reaction pathways through local stabilization of oxygen-bound intermediates toward sustainable synthesis of high-value chemicals.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1002/anie.6973257","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.6973257","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1002/anie.5362334","type":"article-journal","title":"Triple Framework Isomerism and Efficient Ethane/Ethylene Separation of Single-Crystal Covalent Organic Frameworks With 2D hcb Sheets.","abstract":"Constructing triple framework isomerism with atom-resolution structures is of great significance but remains highly challenging for covalent organic frameworks (COFs). Herein, [3+3] imine condensation of 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene with 1,3,5-triethyl-2,4,6-tris(4-formylphenyl)benzene affords three single-crystal COF isomers composed of hcb nets. Their AB hcb stacking, double [2D+2D], and triple [2D+2D+2D] crossing entangled structures have been resolved by 3D electron diffraction. Among the three desolvated COFs, GZU-4a exhibits the highest ethane uptake (100.7 cm 3 g -1 ) and ethane/ethylene selectivity (1.6), enabling one-step production of high-purity ethylene (&gt;99.99%) in dynamic breakthrough experiments. The superior and inverse separation performance originates from its rigid non-interpenetrated framework with optimized pore confinement for strengthened ethane binding. This work not only presents an unprecedented example of triple isomeric COFs with atom-resolution structures from non-interpenetration to inclined interpenetration of 2D nets, but also shows an inverse adsorption selectivity for ethane over ethylene, greatly enriching the diversity of COFs.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1002/anie.5362334","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.5362334","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2026.107916","type":"article-journal","title":"Electromagnetic fields from submarine power cables: A 35 Year synthesis of effects on aquatic biota.","abstract":"Submarine power cables (SPCs) associated with offshore renewable energy developments emit electromagnetic fields (EMFs) that can influence aquatic biota. Although research on this topic has increased, a comprehensive, systematic synthesis of observed effects across taxa and life stages, and biological contexts has been lacking. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines (PROSPERO ID: 1138188), we systematically reviewed peer-reviewed and grey literature published between 1990 and 2024. Of 1637 records screened, 67 eligible field and laboratory studies were included. Significant behavioural and physiological responses to EMF exposure were reported in 66% of studies, with early life stages (embryos, larvae, juveniles) and magnetosensitive taxa, particularly fishes and crustaceans being most frequently affected. Effects occurred even at environmentally relevant intensities (&lt;250&#xa0;&#x3bc;T). Laboratory experiments more frequently detected effects than field studies, which were generally fewer, shorter in duration, and methodologically heterogeneous. Sensitivity heatmaps identified developmental stages and freshwater species as particularly sensitive, with notable taxonomic disparities. EMFs from SPCs can elicit ecologically relevant responses in aquatic biota, particularly during sensitive developmental windows and in magnetically responsive taxa. Emerging evidence further indicates that sex specific responses represent an important and previously under recognised dimension of EMF sensitivity. However, major uncertainties persist regarding chronic, population and ecosystem level impacts. Future research should prioritise standardisation of exposure characterisation and reporting, routine inclusion of sex and life stage as biological variables and coordinated laboratory to field validation. Integrating EMF considerations into marine spatial planning, environmental regulation, and biodiversity conservation frameworks will be essential to support proportionate ecological risk assessment and management of offshore renewable energy infrastructure.","author":[{"family":"At","given":"Ford"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2026.107916","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2026.107916","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-025-31117-8","type":"article-journal","title":"Optimal sizing and rule-based management of hybrid microgrids using SSA for rural electrification.","abstract":"Microgrids play a crucial role in integrating renewable energy sources (RES) into hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES), enabling reliable and sustainable power supply for remote and rural areas. This study investigates the optimal sizing and energy management of an off-grid HRES consisting of photovoltaic (PV) panels, wind turbines (WT), diesel generators (DG), and battery storage systems (BSS), designed to meet the electricity demand of 100 residential homes in a rural area of Skikda, northern Algeria. A rule-based energy management strategy is applied to coordinate power distribution among the microgrid components (PV/WT/DG/BSS), ensuring real-time demand satisfaction. The analysis is based on hourly meteorological data (solar radiation, temperature, and wind speed) over a full year, combined with a hypothetical residential load profile. The Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA) is employed as the primary optimization technique to minimize the cost of energy (COE) and loss of power supply probability (LPSP). MATLAB-based simulations yield optimal results with a COE of 0.24804 $/kWh, an LPSP of 0.2412% (specifically 0.002412), a total annual cost (TAC) of 245,230 $, and an annual dummy load of 230.57 kWh. To validate the effectiveness of SSA, its performance is compared with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), Moth-Flame Optimization (MFO), and Artificial Rabbits Optimization (ARO). The results demonstrate that SSA achieves faster convergence and superior optimization of the objective function, ensuring efficient energy distribution and reduced operational costs. These findings provide valuable insights for researchers and energy system designers, contributing to the development of cost-effective and reliable off-grid hybrid microgrids for rural electrification.","author":[{"family":"Ad","given":"Bouchaala"},{"family":"Aa","given":"Zaki"},{"family":"Ea","given":"Aldakheel"},{"family":"Ds","given":"Khafaga"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1038/s41598-025-31117-8","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-31117-8","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1021/jacs.6c05502","type":"article-journal","title":"Solvent Esterification and Stoichiometric Control in Ambient-Grown FAPbI&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; Single-Crystal Solar Cells.","abstract":"Inverse temperature crystallization (ITC) is widely used to grow high-quality perovskite single crystals, yet prolonged thermal exposure during this process can introduce chemical instabilities that hinder controlled crystal growth. In this work, we uncover unexpected solvent-dependent redissolution of formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI 3 ) during ITC. While a mixed &#x3b3;-butyrolactone (GBL) and 2-methoxyethanol (2ME) solvent system beneficially enables &#x3b1;-FAPbI 3 growth in ambient conditions, we discover that FAPbI 3 facilitates an esterification reaction of the two solvents that modifies the coordination environment and destabilizes perovskite during extended heating. Lead iodide (PbI 2 ) deficiency effectively delays the redissolution process, resulting in reduced &#x3b4;-FAPbI 3 formation and stabilized growth of thin &#x3b1;-FAPbI 3 single crystals. Single-crystal solar cells based on phase-pure &#x3b1;-FAPbI 3 crystals achieve 22.99% power conversion efficiency, setting a record for such devices fabricated under ambient air conditions. These results reveal an overlooked solvent-precursor interaction during ITC and demonstrate stoichiometry control as a practical strategy for stabilizing &#x3b1;-FAPbI 3 single crystals for high-performance photovoltaic applications.","author":[{"family":"It","given":"Cheong"},{"family":"Mr","given":"Kokaba"},{"family":"Dc","given":"Leitch"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1021/jacs.6c05502","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6c05502","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19372054","type":"article-journal","title":"Open-TYNDP: Interfacing Open Energy System Planning with ENTSO-E Models and Contributing to TYNDP","abstract":"Release v0.6 Release v0.6 of the open-tyndp repository includes the following new features, changes and bug fixes: Implement rolling horizon optimisation with marginal storage values for seasonal storage components (https://github.com/open-energy-transition/open-tyndp/pull/441). Add SMR (grey hydrogen) and SMR + Carbon Capture (blue hydrogen) capacities and assumptions from TYNDP 2024 hydrogen data and enable H2 load shedding (https://github.com/open-energy-transition/open-tyndp/pull/490). Add Other RES capacities and generation profiles from PEMMDB (https://github.com/open-energy-transition/open-tyndp/pull/521). Add Other Non-RES capacities and price bands from PEMMDB (https://github.com/open-energy-transition/open-tyndp/pull/535). Add H2 cavern and tank storages with existing energy and charge/discharge capacities (https://github.com/open-energy-transition/open-tyndp/pull/552). Add PEMMDB common data assumptions from ERAA 2025 for power plant type specific efficiencies and VOM (https://github.com/open-energy-transition/open-tyndp/pull/541). Add Battery Store capacities from PEMMDB (https://github.com/open-energy-transition/open-tyndp/pull/253/). Add the 2035 hydrogen reference grid for NT 2040 using the Grid Investment Dataset (https://github.com/open-energy-transition/open-tyndp/pull/537). Collect results of multi weather year CBAs and calculate weighted average KPIs and plot them (https://github.com/open-energy-transition/open-tyndp/pull/529). Add an option to use the H2 demand from the Market Model Outputs (https://github.com/open-energy-transition/open-tyndp/pull/531). Improve hydro modelling assumptions used for Run-of-River (ROR), pondage and reservoir (https://github.com/open-energy-transition/open-tyndp/pull/567). Improve biomass and biogas assumptions (https://github.com/open-energy-transition/open-tyndp/pull/570). Add option to model carrier-specific load shedding with associated shedding costs (https://github.com/open-energy-transition/open-tyndp/pull/494). Add option to model carrier-specific load sinks with associated costs (https://github.com/open-energy-transition/open-tyndp/pull/505). Add preprocessing of Market Model benchmark data on country level (https://github.com/open-energy-transition/open-tyndp/pull/467). Extend benchmarking to support spatial resolution at bus and country level (https://github.com/open-energy-transition/open-tyndp/pull/543). Add electricity and hydrogen price benchmarking tables to the benchmarking framework (https://github.com/open-energy-transition/open-tyndp/pull/574). For complete technical details and implementation notes of this and any previous release, refer to the release note. What's Changed fix: fix GH workflow for attaching windows installer to release by @coroa in https://github.com/open-energy-transition/open-tyndp/pull/501 feat: add carrier specific load shedding and shedding costs by @daniel-rdt in https://github.com/open-energy-transition/open-tyndp/pull/494 fix: correct missing project types (t/s) in CBA indicator benchmark plots by @measrainsey in https://github.com/open-energy-transition/open-tyndp/pull/509 feat: save MM output data per country by @lisazeyen in https://github.com/open-energy-transition/open-tyndp/pull/467 feat: option for adding load sinks to the network by @daniel-rdt in https://github.com/open-energy-transition/open-tyndp/pull/505 feat: add SMR and SMR CC capacities and assumptions by @daniel-rdt in https://github.com/open-energy-transition/open-tyndp/pull/490 feat: add option to decouple CBA workflow from SB workflow by @measrainsey in https://github.com/open-energy-transition/open-tyndp/pull/478 feat(cba): add MSV extraction for seasonal storage dispatch by @cdgaete in https://github.com/open-energy-transition/open-tyndp/pull/441 [github-actions.ci] Update locked envs by @github-actions[bot] in https://github.com/open-energy-transition/open-tyndp/pull/528 Merge changes from upstream by @tgilon in https://github.com/open-energy-transition/open-","author":[{"family":"Transition","given":"Open"},{"family":"Gilon","given":"Thomas"},{"family":"Rüdt","given":"Daniel"},{"family":"Hörsch","given":"Jonas"},{"family":"Gaete-Morales","given":"Carlos"},{"family":"Meng","given":"Measrainsey"},{"family":"Hernandez Denyer","given":"Andreas"},{"family":"Groissböck","given":"Markus"},{"family":"Zeyen","given":"Elisabeth"},{"family":"Usher","given":"Will"},{"family":"Frysztacki","given":"Martha"},{"family":"Parzen","given":"Maximilian"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19372054","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19372054","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5445/ir/1000196543","type":"article-journal","title":"Deep Learning for Cross-Border Electricity Price Forecasting: A Comparative Study","abstract":"While publicly available electricity market data presents a valuable resource for forecasting research, the field lacks established benchmark datasets for standardized comparison. As a result, many studies have relied on different datasets and metrics to evaluate methods in isolated settings, making it difficult to assess progress and compare state-of-the-art approaches consistently. In this work, we use public data to evaluate deep learning models for electricity price forecasting (EPF) across multiple market settings. Our goal is to establish a reproducible framework that enables a consistent evaluation of forecasting models. Developing standardized benchmarks for EPF is particularly important given the growing complexity of electricity markets, driven by the increasing integration of renewable energy sources. Their volatility increases the supply uncertainty and creates additional forecasting challenges. Under these conditions, accurate EPF methods support operational efficiency, energy trading, and grid stability. Although deep learning has been explored for day-ahead EPF, many prior studies are limited to single-market settings, narrow feature sets, or fixed training regimes. This work presents a comparative evaluation of six deep learning models–covering state-space, MLP, RNN, and Transformer-based architectures–emphasizing generalization across markets. We simulate low-data target-market conditions using zero-shot, one-shot, and few-shot learning. Our test set focuses on the Germany–Luxembourg (DE-LU) bidding zone in 2024 using a standardized dataset with calendar, historical price, and market-derived features. Our findings suggest that N-HiTS and NBEATSx perform competitively in limited-data scenarios, while transformer-based models can reach comparable accuracy but tend to require more adaptation and tuning. Model performance also benefits from careful feature selection and hyperparameter tuning, and we note that the differences between the strongest models...","author":[{"family":"Elashhab","given":"Hadeer"},{"family":"Papineni","given":"Sai"},{"family":"Dorn","given":"Marvin"},{"family":"Hagenmeyer","given":"Veit"},{"family":"Schafer","given":"Benjamin"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5445/ir/1000196543","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000196543","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19250562","type":"article-journal","title":"Eigenversorgung der Bayerischen Landwirtschaft mit erneuerbarer Energie für den Einsatz in mobilen Maschinen","abstract":"Im Projekt „EigenKraftBayern“ wurde die Eigenversorgung der bayerischen Landwirtschaft mit erneuerbaren Energien zur Substitution fossiler Kraftstoffe in mobilen Maschinen untersucht. Ziel war es, Grundlagen zu entwickeln, den Kraftstoffbedarf zu ermitteln, Substitutionsoptionen zu analysieren und die Klimaschutzeffekte zu bewerten. Dazu wurde ein sechsstufiges methodisches Vorgehen angewandt: 1. Bedarfsanalyse, 2. Zuordnung zu Substitutionsoptionen, 3. Bewertung der Eigenversorgungspotenziale, 4. Abgleich von Bedarfen und Potenzialen, 5. Entwicklung von Versorgungsszenarien sowie 6. Auswertung der Klimaschutzeffekte der Substitution. Für den Klimaschutz in der Landwirtschaft ist die Substitution fossiler Energieträger von zentraler Bedeutung. Der Einsatz von Dieselkraftstoff verursacht etwa zehn Prozent der nationalen Treibhausgasemissionen in Deutschland. Im Rahmen des Projektes werden Antriebsoptionen wie Elektrifizierung, Pflanzenöl und Biomethan untersucht, um die Unabhängigkeit der landwirtschaftlichen Produktionssysteme zu erhöhen. Dabei wird betont, dass die regionalen Unterschiede in der bayerischen Landwirtschaft berücksichtigt werden müssen, da die technischen Anforderungen und Substitutionsmöglichkeiten räumlich variieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen erhebliche regionale Unterschiede im Kraftstoffbedarf: Für das Jahr 2024 wird ein Gesamtbedarf von 399,4 Millionen Litern ermittelt, wovon rund 75 % auf die Pflanzenproduktion und 25 % auf die Rinderhaltung entfallen. Etwa 59 % dieses Bedarfs könnten durch regional erzeugbare Substitute (Strom, Pflanzenöl, Biomethan) gedeckt werden, während rund 41 % auf nicht-regional erzeugbare Substitute (wie Biodiesel und HVO) angewiesen wären. Die Analyse der Klimaschutzpotenziale ergibt, dass eine vollständige Substitution des Diesels zu einer Reduktion der Treibhausgasemissionen von bis zu 78 % führen könnte. Gleichzeitig zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass Umsetzungshindernisse wie die regionale Verfügbarkeit erneuerbarer Energien und die Infrastruktur für Betankung entscheidend sind. Es kann also geschlussfolgert werden, dass die Eigenversorgung grundsätzlich machbar ist und substanzielle Klimavorteile bietet. Die Ergebnisse des Projekts können als Grundlage für zielgerichtete Förderangebote und künftige Maßnahmen genutzt werden. Zukünftige Arbeiten sollten sich auf die Verbesserung der regionalen Verfügbarkeit von Substituten und die Schaffung geeigneter Rahmenbedingungen für die Umsetzung konzentrieren.","author":[{"family":"Förderzentrum","given":"Technologie"},{"family":"Mallast","given":"Janine"},{"family":"Siebrecht","given":"Norman"},{"family":"Dressler","given":"Daniela"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19250562","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19250562","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19250563","type":"article-journal","title":"Eigenversorgung der Bayerischen Landwirtschaft mit erneuerbarer Energie für den Einsatz in mobilen Maschinen","abstract":"Im Projekt „EigenKraftBayern“ wurde die Eigenversorgung der bayerischen Landwirtschaft mit erneuerbaren Energien zur Substitution fossiler Kraftstoffe in mobilen Maschinen untersucht. Ziel war es, Grundlagen zu entwickeln, den Kraftstoffbedarf zu ermitteln, Substitutionsoptionen zu analysieren und die Klimaschutzeffekte zu bewerten. Dazu wurde ein sechsstufiges methodisches Vorgehen angewandt: 1. Bedarfsanalyse, 2. Zuordnung zu Substitutionsoptionen, 3. Bewertung der Eigenversorgungspotenziale, 4. Abgleich von Bedarfen und Potenzialen, 5. Entwicklung von Versorgungsszenarien sowie 6. Auswertung der Klimaschutzeffekte der Substitution. Für den Klimaschutz in der Landwirtschaft ist die Substitution fossiler Energieträger von zentraler Bedeutung. Der Einsatz von Dieselkraftstoff verursacht etwa zehn Prozent der nationalen Treibhausgasemissionen in Deutschland. Im Rahmen des Projektes werden Antriebsoptionen wie Elektrifizierung, Pflanzenöl und Biomethan untersucht, um die Unabhängigkeit der landwirtschaftlichen Produktionssysteme zu erhöhen. Dabei wird betont, dass die regionalen Unterschiede in der bayerischen Landwirtschaft berücksichtigt werden müssen, da die technischen Anforderungen und Substitutionsmöglichkeiten räumlich variieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen erhebliche regionale Unterschiede im Kraftstoffbedarf: Für das Jahr 2024 wird ein Gesamtbedarf von 399,4 Millionen Litern ermittelt, wovon rund 75 % auf die Pflanzenproduktion und 25 % auf die Rinderhaltung entfallen. Etwa 59 % dieses Bedarfs könnten durch regional erzeugbare Substitute (Strom, Pflanzenöl, Biomethan) gedeckt werden, während rund 41 % auf nicht-regional erzeugbare Substitute (wie Biodiesel und HVO) angewiesen wären. Die Analyse der Klimaschutzpotenziale ergibt, dass eine vollständige Substitution des Diesels zu einer Reduktion der Treibhausgasemissionen von bis zu 78 % führen könnte. Gleichzeitig zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass Umsetzungshindernisse wie die regionale Verfügbarkeit erneuerbarer Energien und die Infrastruktur für Betankung entscheidend sind. Es kann also geschlussfolgert werden, dass die Eigenversorgung grundsätzlich machbar ist und substanzielle Klimavorteile bietet. Die Ergebnisse des Projekts können als Grundlage für zielgerichtete Förderangebote und künftige Maßnahmen genutzt werden. Zukünftige Arbeiten sollten sich auf die Verbesserung der regionalen Verfügbarkeit von Substituten und die Schaffung geeigneter Rahmenbedingungen für die Umsetzung konzentrieren.","author":[{"family":"Förderzentrum","given":"Technologie"},{"family":"Mallast","given":"Janine"},{"family":"Siebrecht","given":"Norman"},{"family":"Dressler","given":"Daniela"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19250563","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19250563","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19539299","type":"article-journal","title":"THE INTERPLAY OF RENEWABLE ENERGY, GOVERNMENT SPENDING, AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT; IMPLICATION FOR NIGERIA'S ECONOMIC GROWTH","abstract":"Given the growing concern over environmental degradation, energy insecurity, and the need for sustainable agricultural growth, this study investigates the impact of renewable energy and government expenditure on agricultural development in Nigeria from 1980 to 2024. while also considering other macroeconomic variables such as inflation rates (INF) and interest rates (IR/. The study adopts the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to analyze time series data sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and World Bank. The theoretical framework is anchored on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). The empirical results reveal that renewable energy has a positive and significant impact on agricultural development in both the short run and long run. Additionally, GDP and interest rate show positive correlations with agricultural development, whereas inflation negatively affects the agricultural sector. Government expenditure, although not statistically significant, demonstrates a positive trend in promoting agricultural output. The diagnostic tests confirm the robustness of the model, with no evidence of serial correlation or heteroskedasticity. The cointegration test confirms the existence of a long-run relationship among the variables under consideration. These findings suggest that increasing access to and usage of renewable energy can significantly enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability in Nigeria. Based on the findings, the study recommends a deliberate policy shift towards strengthening renewable energy infrastructure, particularly in rural areas where agriculture is predominantly practiced.","author":[{"family":"Ibitoye","given":"Julius"},{"family":"Amodu","given":"Olusegun"},{"family":"Dogara","given":"Egbuku"},{"family":"Ajoje","given":"Olufunke"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19539299","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19539299","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19539300","type":"article-journal","title":"THE INTERPLAY OF RENEWABLE ENERGY, GOVERNMENT SPENDING, AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT; IMPLICATION FOR NIGERIA'S ECONOMIC GROWTH","abstract":"Given the growing concern over environmental degradation, energy insecurity, and the need for sustainable agricultural growth, this study investigates the impact of renewable energy and government expenditure on agricultural development in Nigeria from 1980 to 2024. while also considering other macroeconomic variables such as inflation rates (INF) and interest rates (IR/. The study adopts the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to analyze time series data sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and World Bank. The theoretical framework is anchored on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). The empirical results reveal that renewable energy has a positive and significant impact on agricultural development in both the short run and long run. Additionally, GDP and interest rate show positive correlations with agricultural development, whereas inflation negatively affects the agricultural sector. Government expenditure, although not statistically significant, demonstrates a positive trend in promoting agricultural output. The diagnostic tests confirm the robustness of the model, with no evidence of serial correlation or heteroskedasticity. The cointegration test confirms the existence of a long-run relationship among the variables under consideration. These findings suggest that increasing access to and usage of renewable energy can significantly enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability in Nigeria. Based on the findings, the study recommends a deliberate policy shift towards strengthening renewable energy infrastructure, particularly in rural areas where agriculture is predominantly practiced.","author":[{"family":"Ibitoye","given":"Julius"},{"family":"Amodu","given":"Olusegun"},{"family":"Dogara","given":"Egbuku"},{"family":"Ajoje","given":"Olufunke"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19539300","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19539300","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21256724","type":"article-journal","title":"HISTRATE Conference 2026 – Book of Abstracts","abstract":"We present the Book of Abstracts for the 3rd HISTRATE Conference — Advanced Composites under HIgh STRAin raTEs Loading: A Route to Certification-by-Analysis, held at the University of Latvia on 10th and 11th June 2026 in Riga, Latvia. Building on the strong positive response to the first two HISTRATE conferences in 2024 and 2025, this year’s event continues to serve as a dedicated meeting place for specialists addressing challenges in composite materials, dynamic loading, and computational certification methodologies. Riga, the capital of Latvia, offered a unique blend of historical heritage, modern infrastructure, and a dynamic academic community. Known for its outstanding architecture and vibrant cultural life, the city provided an excellent environment for scientific discussions, networking, and international collaboration. As a major hub in the Baltic region, Riga was a fitting host for bringing together researchers, engineers, and industry professionals involved in the COST Action CA21155. Advanced composite materials have become indispensable in industries such as aerospace, automotive, defense, marine, and renewable energy, where lightweight, high-performance, and impact-resistant structures are essential. Understanding their response under high strain-rate conditions is therefore a matter of both scientific significance and engineering necessity. In parallel, the growing adoption of certification-by-analysis reflects a shift toward more efficient, reliable, and cost-effective alternatives to traditional qualification procedures. Realizing this vision depends critically on the availability of validated, high-fidelity computational models capable of accurately predicting material and structural behavior under dynamic loading conditions. The HISTRATE conference series realizes knowledge transfer by ideas sharing and discussing both the advances and the hurdles in the domain of composites. The 2026 edition integrates experimental, numerical, and analytical approaches to make possible transition towards certification-by-analysis for composite structures subjected to high strain rate loading. The conference program features 6 invited lectures by experts from industry, technical sessions with 25 oral presentations and 24 poster presentations following the research conducted by the COST CA21155 Working groups, including research from early-career scientists. The program fostered both formal and informal exchanges, encouraging collaborations and continuation of research in future. This Book of Abstracts offers diversity of methods, depth of analysis, and future trends by compiling contributions from 40 universities, 16 academic research centers, and 8 industrial research centers. A broad spectrum of topics is addressed, including innovative experimental material characterization, recent developments in constitutive modeling and high-strain-rate failure criteria, multiscale simulation methodologies, and advanced composite architectures tailored for enhanced dynamic performance. Particular emphasis is also placed on strategies for integrating numerical predictions into certification processes. Emerging directions such as the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning to material modeling under dynamic loading, together with uncertainty quantification techniques for predictive simulations, constitute important and rapidly evolving areas represented in this volume. The conference united participants from 22 countries, including Belgium (3), Bulgaria (4), Chroatia (1), Cyprus (1), France (1), Georgia (2), Germany (3), India (2), Ireland (1), Italy (6), Kosovo (1), Latvia (8), Lithuania (1), The Netherlands (1), North Macedonia (5), Poland (8), Portugal (3), Romania (1),","author":[{"family":"Glaskova-Kuzmina","given":"Tatjana"},{"family":"Hornig","given":"Andreas"},{"family":"Verleysen","given":"Patricia"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21256724","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21256724","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21256725","type":"article-journal","title":"HISTRATE Conference 2026 – Book of Abstracts","abstract":"We present the Book of Abstracts for the 3rd HISTRATE Conference — Advanced Composites under HIgh STRAin raTEs Loading: A Route to Certification-by-Analysis, held at the University of Latvia on 10th and 11th June 2026 in Riga, Latvia. Building on the strong positive response to the first two HISTRATE conferences in 2024 and 2025, this year’s event continues to serve as a dedicated meeting place for specialists addressing challenges in composite materials, dynamic loading, and computational certification methodologies. Riga, the capital of Latvia, offered a unique blend of historical heritage, modern infrastructure, and a dynamic academic community. Known for its outstanding architecture and vibrant cultural life, the city provided an excellent environment for scientific discussions, networking, and international collaboration. As a major hub in the Baltic region, Riga was a fitting host for bringing together researchers, engineers, and industry professionals involved in the COST Action CA21155. Advanced composite materials have become indispensable in industries such as aerospace, automotive, defense, marine, and renewable energy, where lightweight, high-performance, and impact-resistant structures are essential. Understanding their response under high strain-rate conditions is therefore a matter of both scientific significance and engineering necessity. In parallel, the growing adoption of certification-by-analysis reflects a shift toward more efficient, reliable, and cost-effective alternatives to traditional qualification procedures. Realizing this vision depends critically on the availability of validated, high-fidelity computational models capable of accurately predicting material and structural behavior under dynamic loading conditions. The HISTRATE conference series realizes knowledge transfer by ideas sharing and discussing both the advances and the hurdles in the domain of composites. The 2026 edition integrates experimental, numerical, and analytical approaches to make possible transition towards certification-by-analysis for composite structures subjected to high strain rate loading. The conference program features 6 invited lectures by experts from industry, technical sessions with 25 oral presentations and 24 poster presentations following the research conducted by the COST CA21155 Working groups, including research from early-career scientists. The program fostered both formal and informal exchanges, encouraging collaborations and continuation of research in future. This Book of Abstracts offers diversity of methods, depth of analysis, and future trends by compiling contributions from 40 universities, 16 academic research centers, and 8 industrial research centers. A broad spectrum of topics is addressed, including innovative experimental material characterization, recent developments in constitutive modeling and high-strain-rate failure criteria, multiscale simulation methodologies, and advanced composite architectures tailored for enhanced dynamic performance. Particular emphasis is also placed on strategies for integrating numerical predictions into certification processes. Emerging directions such as the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning to material modeling under dynamic loading, together with uncertainty quantification techniques for predictive simulations, constitute important and rapidly evolving areas represented in this volume. The conference united participants from 22 countries, including Belgium (3), Bulgaria (4), Chroatia (1), Cyprus (1), France (1), Georgia (2), Germany (3), India (2), Ireland (1), Italy (6), Kosovo (1), Latvia (8), Lithuania (1), The Netherlands (1), North Macedonia (5), Poland (8), Portugal (3), Romania (1),","author":[{"family":"Glaskova-Kuzmina","given":"Tatjana"},{"family":"Hornig","given":"Andreas"},{"family":"Verleysen","given":"Patricia"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21256725","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21256725","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22076387","type":"article-journal","title":"Digital Transformation through Renewable Energy: A Comparative Analysis of  BRICS Nations","abstract":"The 21st century demands a shift towards renewable energy, as international bodies, trade groups, and associations urge member states to decrease CO2 emissions through policies promoting sustainable growth. Among these is the BRICS alliance, consisting of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa - emerging economies that accounted for nearly 30% of global GDP in 2024. A Lancet study on pollution and health highlighted that pollution-induced illnesses caused 16% of worldwide deaths in 2025, totaling 9 million premature fatalities. Air pollution, responsible for 85% of airborne particulate matter, presents the gravest concern. The energy sector, a primary polluter, releases Sulfur oxides (SOx), Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Carbon Monoxide (CO), and Methane (CH4) as key air contaminants. Considering the BRICS nations' global significance, assessing their renewable energy capacity is vital. This research explores the BRICS countries' involvement and accomplishments in the renewable energy field, while also examining how digital transformation influences these endeavors.","author":[{"family":"Gowri","given":"Dr"},{"family":"Hs","given":"Shruthi"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22076387","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22076387","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22076388","type":"article-journal","title":"Digital Transformation through Renewable Energy: A Comparative Analysis of  BRICS Nations","abstract":"The 21st century demands a shift towards renewable energy, as international bodies, trade groups, and associations urge member states to decrease CO2 emissions through policies promoting sustainable growth. Among these is the BRICS alliance, consisting of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa - emerging economies that accounted for nearly 30% of global GDP in 2024. A Lancet study on pollution and health highlighted that pollution-induced illnesses caused 16% of worldwide deaths in 2025, totaling 9 million premature fatalities. Air pollution, responsible for 85% of airborne particulate matter, presents the gravest concern. The energy sector, a primary polluter, releases Sulfur oxides (SOx), Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Carbon Monoxide (CO), and Methane (CH4) as key air contaminants. Considering the BRICS nations' global significance, assessing their renewable energy capacity is vital. This research explores the BRICS countries' involvement and accomplishments in the renewable energy field, while also examining how digital transformation influences these endeavors.","author":[{"family":"Gowri","given":"Dr"},{"family":"Hs","given":"Shruthi"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22076388","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22076388","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2026.130237","type":"article-journal","title":"Conversion of food waste to biochar via pyrolysis: Production processes, material properties, and environmental applications.","abstract":"Food waste generation has reached 1.3 billion tons annually, contributing to global greenhouse gas emissions and placing considerable strain on conventional waste management systems. Though pyrolysis-mediated conversion of food waste to biochar is a suitable thermochemical approach within circular economy frameworks, a rigorous, quantitative mapping of this research domain has been lacking. This study bridges this gap by presenting the first bibliometric review with an in-depth qualitative synthesis. A systematic literature search was conducted using the Scopus database, guided by the PRISMA framework, and analyzed using Bibliometrix (RStudio) and VOSviewer. A total of 543 publications from 2010 to 2025 were examined to map publication trends, collaboration networks, and thematic structures. The findings show an exponential growth in research output, with an annual growth rate of 29.08% and strong international collaboration (34.62%). China, the United States, and South Korea are the major contributors. However, contributions from Sub-Saharan Africa remain limited. Thematically, the research domain is focused on production optimization, environmental remediation (e.g., heavy-metal and pollutant adsorption), and agricultural applications (e.g., soil amendment). Feedstock characteristics exerted a stronger influence on biochar performance than pyrolysis conditions. Emerging areas include co-pyrolysis, machine learning optimization, and multifunctional biochar composites. The study highlights critical knowledge gaps in pore formation mechanisms, contaminant-selective adsorption, and regional research disparities. The findings provide actionable insights for researchers to prioritize future studies, for policymakers to design circular-economy strategies, and for industry stakeholders to optimize scalable biochar production and application pathways.","author":[{"family":"Eb","given":"Agyekum"},{"family":"Mi","given":"Al"},{"family":"Jxf","given":"Ribeiro"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.talanta.2026.130237","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2026.130237","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-62567-3","type":"article-journal","title":"Computational heat transfer analysis of solar based energy systems via employment of numerical calculations and finite volume scheme.","abstract":"Advanced nanoparticles-based systems can improve the heat transfer of the base fluids. Here, a Computational Fluid Dynamics approach is implemented to study the impact of hybrid nanofluid utilisation on the thermal performance of a parabolic trough solar collector (PTSC) with an internal axial helical fin. Our numerical results revealed that as hybrid nanoparticles of SWCNT and Cu were added into Therminol &#xae; VP-1 as the base fluid, the thermal performance of the PTSC was improved. Indeed, the combination of axial twisted fin with hybrid nanoparticles with enhanced heat transfer properties increased the thermal mixing of the fluid. As an example, at Re&#x2009;=&#x2009;4000, increasing the volume fractions of Cu and SWCNT nanoparticles from 0.01 to 0.02 resulted in a 0.74% enhancement in the thermal efficiency of the PTSC.","author":[{"family":"Aa","given":"Melaibari"},{"family":"Nh","given":"Abu"},{"family":"Kh","given":"Almitani"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1038/s41598-026-62567-3","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-62567-3","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-025-31878-2","type":"article-journal","title":"Analysis of the impact of non-real-time frequency sampling and damping coefficient on the dynamic frequency support response of grid-forming type renewable energy.","abstract":"Grid-forming type control has become an important control mode of renewable energy inverters in practice, since it makes renewable energy could provide the dynamic frequency support for power system like conventional synchronous generator. However, experiments shows that its dynamic frequency support response characteristics are contrary to the original design intention of grid-forming type control. For example, the inertia output doesn't increase to the maximum value as expected at the moment of disturbance. Instead, it follows a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing. This paper conducts the relative analyse research. It reveals the reason causing the above problem is the grid-forming type renewable energy does not sample the grid voltage frequency in real time for closed-loop control, but instead by constructing an intrinsic equivalent frequency. Furthermore, it constructs one frequency support response model taking into account the impact of non-real-time frequency sampling, and systematically explains the impact mechanism of non-real-time frequency sampling on the dynamic frequency support response of grid-forming type renewable energy, and the impact mechanism of damping coefficient on the primary frequency regulation response of grid-forming type renewable energy. Finally, the correctness of the analysis conclusions is verified through simulation.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1038/s41598-025-31878-2","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-31878-2","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1039/d6ra04902h","type":"article-journal","title":"Successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) -driven cobalt oxide integration on pencil graphite for efficient electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline medium.","abstract":"Sustainable energy conversion depends on the development of effective and economical electrocatalysts. In this work, we highlight the development of cobalt oxide (Co 3 O 4 ) as an electrocatalyst by employing a scalable and economical Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) method onto an electrically activated pencil graphite (Ac-PGE) as an affordable substrate for monitoring the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). According to electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the SILAR process produced uniform deposition and improved surface activation, which resulted in a considerably reduced charge transfer resistance ( R ct ) of 0.08 k&#x3a9;. The OER overpotential was observed at 240 mV at 10 mA cm -2 with a Tafel slope of 47.57 mV dec -1 , and a turnover frequency of 0.082 s -1 at the activated electrode. LSV and OCP demonstrate that Co 3 O 4 @Ac-PGE performs better electrochemically than the other electrodes under investigation (In-PGE, Ac-PGE, and Co 3 O 4 @In-PGE). Additionally, after 8 hours, it maintained more than 93% of its initial activity, demonstrating exceptional endurance. Overall, it was observed that the Co 3 O 4 @Ac-PGE electrode developed by the SILAR method outperforms a number of traditional and noble-metal-based catalysts and offers a practical, long-lasting, and financially sustainable approach to effective water-splitting and renewable energy conversion. The structural and surface properties of the modified electrodes were investigated using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). This work shows a scalable and cost-effective strategy to design an efficient electrocatalyst by using SILAR for OER, which can contribute towards Green Hydrogen production.","author":[{"family":"Kh","given":"Rashid"},{"family":"Ay","given":"Abir"},{"family":"Fj","given":"Iftikhar"},{"family":"Mb","given":"Islam"},{"family":"Mm","given":"Hasan"},{"family":"Ma","given":"Parvez"},{"family":"Sk","given":"Ali"},{"family":"Ma","given":"Hasnat"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1039/d6ra04902h","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra04902h","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1002/smtd.70875","type":"article-journal","title":"Functional Nanoengineering of Catalytic Environments for High-Efficiency Electrochemical Water Splitting.","abstract":"The development of highly efficient water-splitting technologies relies on the precise control of catalytic environments at the nanoscale, where structural, electronic, and interfacial properties collectively determine catalytic performance. Recent advances in nanoengineered electrocatalysts, including noble-metal nanostructures, single-atom catalysts, defect-rich oxides, heterointerface-engineered systems, and carbon-supported multidimensional architectures, have revealed new opportunities for tailoring catalytic nanoenvironments to enhance hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics. This review highlights emerging strategies for engineering functional catalytic environments that regulate charge transfer, optimize active-site exposure, facilitate mass transport, and improve structural robustness under practical electrochemical conditions. Particular attention is given to ultrathin oxyhydroxide layers, vacancy-mediated surfaces, lattice-distorted phases, and multicomponent heterostructures that exhibit superior activity and long-term durability. In addition, recent progress in operando characterization, theoretical modeling, and integrated electrode design is discussed to elucidate structure-function relationships governing catalytic performance. Finally, scalable synthesis approaches, engineered porous electrodes, and data-driven catalyst discovery are examined as promising pathways toward practical implementation. By connecting nanoscale materials engineering with functional electrocatalytic performance, this review provides critical insights into the rational design of catalytic nanoenvironments for next-generation water-splitting technologies.","author":[{"family":"Mr","given":"Raj"},{"family":"Sc","given":"Kim"},{"family":"Is","given":"Kim"},{"family":"Cm","given":"Babu"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1002/smtd.70875","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.70875","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.128215","type":"article-journal","title":"Assessing the impact of renewable energy firms on ESG-related uncertainty: Evidence from Germany's low-carbon transition.","abstract":"In light of the growing importance of sustainable finance and renewable energy markets, this study examines how fluctuations in Germany's renewable energy sector interact with sustainability-related uncertainty. Using the wavelet quantile-on-quantile regression approach (WQQR), it investigates the influence of renewable energy sector prices, including solar energy, wind energy, and renewable fuels, on the ESG-Related Uncertainty Index (ESGUI-G) in Germany over the period from June 2008 to 2025. In the short term, we found a negative effect of S92G, ECVG, VBKG, and NDXG on ESGUI-G, and no effect was observed by CE2G and PNE. In the medium term, ESGUI-G was positively affected by CE2G, ECVG, PNE, and VBKG, and negatively affected by NDXG and S92G. In the long term, the results indicate that ESGUI-G is positively (negatively) affected by CE2G (NDXG, S92G, and VBKG). Furthermore, we observed a mix of positive and negative effects of ECVG and PNE on ESGUI-G in different quantiles. The results indicate that wind power equity is highly correlated with sustainability uncertainty, amplifying risk under both normal and turbulent market conditions. In contrast, green fuels and bioenergy firms exhibit short-term stability at low quantiles, followed by consistently positive effects in the medium and long term at higher quantiles, suggesting their potential as effective hedging tools under normal conditions, though they may exacerbate uncertainty in extreme circumstances.","author":[{"family":"Fa","given":"Hassan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.128215","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.128215","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-60222-5","type":"article-journal","title":"Engineering and supercritical systems for improving the solubility and nanoparticles by development of computational machine learning models.","abstract":"Estimation of pharmaceutical solubility values under various conditions has been a subject of great interest and is useful for supercritical processing in enhancing solubility values. In this study, we have accurately estimated the solubility of drugs in supercritical solvent (carbon dioxide) under various pressure and temperature levels. Artificial intelligence models (AIMs) including XGBoost, Gradient Boosting, and Random Forest were developed to calculate the solubility of drugs in supercritical CO 2 . A comprehensive dataset (1619 points, 58 drugs, with a solubility range of 10&#x207b; 7 -10&#x207b; 3 mol fraction) comprising operational conditions (temperature: 308-348.2 K, pressure: 80-400 bar) and physicochemical properties of drugs was collected and considered in model development and optimization. Logarithmic transformation of solubility values was employed to enhance predictive robustness. Comparative analysis of the developed AIMs revealed that the XGBoost and Gradient Boosting models exhibited the most reliable performance. Solubility values were log&#x2011;transformed before modeling, and performance metrics (RMSE, MAE, AARD%) were computed on the back&#x2011;transformed solubility values. For the optimized XGBoost, the values of R 2 , RMSE, MAE, and AARD% were determined as 0.998, 0.0259, 0.0134, and 4.12% for training; 0.9832, 0.0210, 0.0114, and 3.60% for validation; and 0.9864, 0.0352, 0.0171, and 9.51% for testing, respectively. Furthermore, the obtained R 2 (training set) for Gradient Boosting and Random Forest are equal to 0.997 and 0.983, respectively. In addition, sensitivity analysis indicated that pressure and temperature were the most influential variables on model performance in solubility prediction.","author":[{"family":"Ma","given":"Alazwari"},{"family":"Nh","given":"Abu"},{"family":"Kh","given":"Almitani"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1038/s41598-026-60222-5","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-60222-5","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13021-025-00361-w","type":"article-journal","title":"Leveraging renewable-energy-electric-vehicle synergies for deep decarbonisation: Technical frontiers, market barriers and policy solutions.","abstract":"As nations pursue decarbonization targets, coupling renewable energy with electric vehicles (EVs) has emerged as a promising pathway to enhance grid flexibility, reduce greenhouse-gas emissions, and drive sustainable mobility. This review synthesises 2013-2023 trends in clean-energy expansion, energy-use carbon intensity, and EV adoption. Regions that expanded wind and solar faster cut carbon intensity more steeply and adopted EVs more quickly. Coordinating clean power with flexibility raised renewable penetration and contained integration costs. Smart charging typically reduced peaks and curtailment by&#x2009;~&#x2009;10-25%. We then map five frontiers that couple renewables with e-mobility. Intelligent bidirectional management delivered 5-8% CO&#x2082; savings at the distribution level. Aggregator and VPP participation unlocked $3,000-$4,500 per EV per year after degradation costs. Hardware and charging-infrastructure innovations trimmed converter losses by 3-5% and stabilised voltage at high EV penetrations. Microgrid and hybrid renewable-V2G designs lifted self-consumption by up to 15% and cut diesel backup by&#x2009;~&#x2009;70%. Lifecycle and circular strategies showed that second-life batteries retained&#x2009;&gt;&#x2009;80% capacity after ten years, could meet up to 50% of Europe's stationary-storage needs, and reduced raw-material demand by 7.5% and lifecycle emissions by 10-12%. We then diagnose the main barriers. Standards remain fragmented (ISO 15118, CHAdeMO, GB-T). Bidirectional chargers are costly. Many markets still enforce 1&#xa0;MW bid floors and 15-min settlements. Interconnection and data rules are often unclear. Finally, we propose a sequenced roadmap: high-resolution pricing, clear aggregation access, harmonised technical and market standards, and cross-sector planning. Research priorities centre on integrated modelling, hardware-software co-design, large-scale pilots, and behavioural and market studies. This roadmap aligns policy, technology, and economics to accelerate a resilient, low-carbon energy-mobility transition.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1186/s13021-025-00361-w","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-025-00361-w","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1021/acs.est.5c12850","type":"article-journal","title":"Evaluating Thermal Efficiency and Economic Impacts in Supplying Energy Demands for Direct Air Capture.","abstract":"Direct air capture (DAC) technologies that remove CO 2 directly from the atmosphere are needed to meet international goals of limiting the atmospheric temperature increase before 2100. Operating costs, including the cost of energy inputs, currently limit the rapid deployment of DAC systems. An abundance of untapped and abandoned geothermal resources provides an opportunity to utilize this thermal energy beneath the earth's surface to reduce the financial and energy costs of DAC. In this study, thermodynamic models of applicable renewable energy scenarios for fulfilling heating and electrical requirements of DAC were analyzed using ASPEN Plus. Individual components were optimized within the geothermal-DAC-coupled systems to quantify specific costs of implementation. The results were integrated into a technoeconomic analysis to provide a holistic perspective to optimize DAC-coupled renewable energy systems. The analysis found that scenarios using geothermal heat for CO 2 desorption with either solar and batteries or an organic Rankine cycle for electric loads could lower the cost of DAC systems compared to a solar-with-batteries baseline. The levelized cost of energy for CO 2 removal (LCOE CR ) for DAC was reduced from $175/t-CO 2 removed to as low as $66/t-CO 2 removed, guiding large-scale deployment of DAC and supporting decision-making in the future.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1021/acs.est.5c12850","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c12850","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41467-025-66053-8","type":"article-journal","title":"Multi-stage power-to-water battery synergizes flexible energy storage and efficient atmospheric water harvesting.","abstract":"We propose and demonstrate a multi-stage power-to-water (MSP2W) battery that synergizes flexible energy storage and atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) to address renewable energy intermittency and freshwater scarcity simultaneously. This system integrates high-temperature magnesium oxide-based thermal energy storage (TES) with a modular multi-stage AWH device, using a Reline-based ternary solution to enhance sorption kinetics and enable efficient scalability. The multi-stage AWH configuration, with up to three stages, enhances water production by 51%, reducing energy consumption by 26%, consistent with theoretical analysis. The MSP2W prototype achieves daily water production of 3060&#x2009;g, fully meeting an adult's demand. The specific energy consumption is as low as 1.13 kWh kg -&#x200d;1 , outperforming existing active AWH systems. The niche area of MSP2W is identified, even competing with desalination costs (&lt;20 USD ton -1 of optimal levelized cost of water). The system demonstrates scalability and cost-effectiveness, with the potential to fully mitigate water scarcity in regions with high renewable energy surpluses.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1038/s41467-025-66053-8","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-66053-8","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.13717257","type":"article-journal","title":"GODEEEP future energy drought data","abstract":"NOTE: v1.1.0 of this dataset provides a new version of the ba-aggregated data in a new, more efficient format, the data is identical to v1.0.0. Overview This dataset has 2 components, (1) physically consistent wind, solar and load data for 15 Balancing Authorities (BAs) in the CONUS and (2) pre-computed BA-level energy droughts for a variety of time scales from 1 hour to 5 days. The generation and load data is aggregated from plant level data based on EIA-860 2020 infrastructure. For more information please refer to: Bracken, C., Voisin, N., Mongird, K., Burleyson, C. D., & Oikonomou, K. (2025). Intensifying renewable energy droughts in the Western U.S. amid evolving infrastructure and climate. Earth's Future, 13, e2024EF005313. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EF005313 File format All data files are stored as Apache Parquet (.parquet, zstd compressed). Read in R with arrow::read_parquet(path); in Python with pandas.read_parquet(path) or pyarrow.parquet.read_table(path). File naming ba-aggregted.zip extracts to ba-aggregated/: ba_{type}_{infra_year}_{scenario}_{period}.parquet, where - type is hist (future infrastructure × historical climate 1980-2019), future (future infrastructure × future climate 2020-2059), or expected_future (each 5-year future climate window paired with its matching infrastructure year) - infra_year ∈ {2020, 2025, 2030, 2035, 2040, 2045, 2050} (omitted for expected_future) - scenario is bau (business as usual) or nz (net zero) - period is hourly or daily future-energy-droughts.zip extracts to droughts/: Please see v1.0.0 to download this file or click here to download it. future-wind-solar.zip extracts to future-wind-solar/: Please see v1.0.0 to download this file or click here to download it (warning 22 GB!). BA Aggregated wind and solar generation data File: future-energy-droughts.zip extracts to droughts/ Daily files have the following columns: ba - Abbreviated name for the BA year - The current year as an integer period - A unique integer for the current time step within the year datetime_utc - Time stamp for the start of the period, in UTC solar_gen_mwh - Aggregated solar generation in units of MWh solar_capacity_mwh - Aggregated solar plant capacity expressed as MWh wind_gen_mwh - Aggregated wind generation in units of MWh wind_capacity_mwh - Aggregated wind plant capacity expressed as MWh load_mwh - BA load in MWh load_max_mwh - The maximum BA load over the entire historical period n_wind_plants - Number of wind plants aggregated for this BA n_solar_plants - Number of solar plants aggregated for this BA wind_cf - Wind capacity factor, wind_gen_mwh/wind_capacity_mwh solar_cf - Solar capacity factor, solar_gen_mwh/solar_capacity_mwh load_cf - Load “capacity factor”, expressed as a fraction of the maximum BA load, load_mwh/load_max_mwh Hourly files contain the same physical quantities at hourly resolution and additionally include solar_gen_mw/wind_gen_mw (instantaneous power), solar_capacity/wind_capacity (capacity in MW), and the scenario and infra_year columns labeling the run. Energy drought data Please see v1.0.0 for a description of this data or click here to download it. Plant level wind and solar generation data Please see v1.0.0 for a description of this data or click here to download it (warning 22 GB!). This research was supported by the Grid Operations, Decarbonization, Environmental and Energy Equity Platform (GODEEEP) Investment, under the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is a multi-program national laboratory operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract No. DE-AC05-76RL01830.","author":[{"family":"Bracken","given":"Cameron"},{"family":"Voisin","given":"Nathalie"},{"family":"Mongird","given":"Kendall"},{"family":"Burleyson","given":"Casey"},{"family":"Oikonomou","given":"Konstantinos"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.13717257","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13717257","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20618987","type":"article-journal","title":"GODEEEP future energy drought data","abstract":"NOTE: v1.1.0 of this dataset provides a new version of the ba-aggregated data in a new, more efficient format, the data is identical to v1.0.0. Overview This dataset has 2 components, (1) physically consistent wind, solar and load data for 15 Balancing Authorities (BAs) in the CONUS and (2) pre-computed BA-level energy droughts for a variety of time scales from 1 hour to 5 days. The generation and load data is aggregated from plant level data based on EIA-860 2020 infrastructure. For more information please refer to: Bracken, C., Voisin, N., Mongird, K., Burleyson, C. D., & Oikonomou, K. (2025). Intensifying renewable energy droughts in the Western U.S. amid evolving infrastructure and climate. Earth's Future, 13, e2024EF005313. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EF005313 File format All data files are stored as Apache Parquet (.parquet, zstd compressed). Read in R with arrow::read_parquet(path); in Python with pandas.read_parquet(path) or pyarrow.parquet.read_table(path). File naming ba-aggregted.zip extracts to ba-aggregated/: ba_{type}_{infra_year}_{scenario}_{period}.parquet, where - type is hist (future infrastructure × historical climate 1980-2019), future (future infrastructure × future climate 2020-2059), or expected_future (each 5-year future climate window paired with its matching infrastructure year) - infra_year ∈ {2020, 2025, 2030, 2035, 2040, 2045, 2050} (omitted for expected_future) - scenario is bau (business as usual) or nz (net zero) - period is hourly or daily future-energy-droughts.zip extracts to droughts/: Please see v1.0.0 to download this file or click here to download it. future-wind-solar.zip extracts to future-wind-solar/: Please see v1.0.0 to download this file or click here to download it (warning 22 GB!). BA Aggregated wind and solar generation data File: future-energy-droughts.zip extracts to droughts/ Daily files have the following columns: ba - Abbreviated name for the BA year - The current year as an integer period - A unique integer for the current time step within the year datetime_utc - Time stamp for the start of the period, in UTC solar_gen_mwh - Aggregated solar generation in units of MWh solar_capacity_mwh - Aggregated solar plant capacity expressed as MWh wind_gen_mwh - Aggregated wind generation in units of MWh wind_capacity_mwh - Aggregated wind plant capacity expressed as MWh load_mwh - BA load in MWh load_max_mwh - The maximum BA load over the entire historical period n_wind_plants - Number of wind plants aggregated for this BA n_solar_plants - Number of solar plants aggregated for this BA wind_cf - Wind capacity factor, wind_gen_mwh/wind_capacity_mwh solar_cf - Solar capacity factor, solar_gen_mwh/solar_capacity_mwh load_cf - Load “capacity factor”, expressed as a fraction of the maximum BA load, load_mwh/load_max_mwh Hourly files contain the same physical quantities at hourly resolution and additionally include solar_gen_mw/wind_gen_mw (instantaneous power), solar_capacity/wind_capacity (capacity in MW), and the scenario and infra_year columns labeling the run. Energy drought data Please see v1.0.0 for a description of this data or click here to download it. Plant level wind and solar generation data Please see v1.0.0 for a description of this data or click here to download it (warning 22 GB!). This research was supported by the Grid Operations, Decarbonization, Environmental and Energy Equity Platform (GODEEEP) Investment, under the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is a multi-program national laboratory operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract No. DE-AC05-76RL01830.","author":[{"family":"Bracken","given":"Cameron"},{"family":"Voisin","given":"Nathalie"},{"family":"Mongird","given":"Kendall"},{"family":"Burleyson","given":"Casey"},{"family":"Oikonomou","given":"Konstantinos"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20618987","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20618987","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20517359","type":"article-journal","title":"OES-Environmental & Tethys: Helping the Marine Energy Community Understand Environmental Effects","abstract":"As the marine energy industry continues to expand worldwide, many siting, permitting, and deployment barriers continue to revolve around insufficient data and information on the potential effects on marine animals, habitats, or ecosystem processes. To support sustainable marine energy development, the International Energy Agency’s Ocean Energy Systems (OES) Environmental task and Tethys website are making marine energy and environmental effects information more broadly available and actionable. OES-Environmental is a collaboration among several countries dedicated to studying the environmental effects of marine energy, disseminating the state of the science, and developing useful resources for different stakeholders. OES-Environmental recently published the 2024 State of the Science Report: Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development Around the World, which summarizes the latest information on the potential environmental effects of marine energy development, shares helpful resources, and identifies a path forward to advance the marine energy industry in a responsible manner. OES-Environmental has also collected and curated information on marine energy projects around the world and the environmental monitoring efforts conducted at each, including links to related reports and studies. In its next phase (2024-2028), OES-Environmental will focus on four new areas of research: exploring environmental acceptability, examining potential environmental effects of off-grid applications, delving further into potential system-wide effects as the industry scales up to arrays, and investigating potential social and economic effects of marine energy development globally. All materials developed under OES-Environmental are hosted on Tethys (https://tethys.pnnl.gov), an online knowledge hub with documents, information, and resources on the potential environmental effects of marine energy. The main feature of Tethys is its comprehensive document library with thousands of journal articles, conference papers, and grey literature reports that can be filtered, searched, and sorted by various topics. Tethys also hosts a variety of educational resources, such as coloring pages, video games, and career panel recordings, to help increase awareness of marine energy and support students, educators, and other groups (e.g., aquariums, museums). Additional features include an events calendar with relevant conferences, webinars, and workshops; a suite of archived webinars; a variety of online tools; a list of related databases; and a bi-weekly Tethys Blast newsletter that highlights relevant announcements, opportunities, and news. OES-Environmental and Tethys are both led by multidisciplinary teams at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and funded by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Water Power Technologies Office. Tethys is one of seven knowledge hubs within the Portal and Repository for Information on Marine Renewable Energy (PRIMRE) (https://primre.org), which hosts additional marine energy data, information, and resources. This presentation will highlight recent OES-Environmental products and the main features of Tethys that can help students, educators, and other stakeholders better understand the potential environmental effects of marine energy development around the world.","author":[{"family":"Farr","given":"Hayley"},{"family":"Garavelli","given":"Lysel"},{"family":"Freeman","given":"Mikaela"},{"family":"Hemery","given":"Lenaig"},{"family":"Copping","given":"Andrea"},{"family":"Rose","given":"Deborah"},{"family":"Jones","given":"Kristin"},{"family":"Mcgrath","given":"Jacob"},{"family":"Whiting","given":"Jonathan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20517359","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20517359","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20517360","type":"article-journal","title":"OES-Environmental & Tethys: Helping the Marine Energy Community Understand Environmental Effects","abstract":"As the marine energy industry continues to expand worldwide, many siting, permitting, and deployment barriers continue to revolve around insufficient data and information on the potential effects on marine animals, habitats, or ecosystem processes. To support sustainable marine energy development, the International Energy Agency’s Ocean Energy Systems (OES) Environmental task and Tethys website are making marine energy and environmental effects information more broadly available and actionable. OES-Environmental is a collaboration among several countries dedicated to studying the environmental effects of marine energy, disseminating the state of the science, and developing useful resources for different stakeholders. OES-Environmental recently published the 2024 State of the Science Report: Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development Around the World, which summarizes the latest information on the potential environmental effects of marine energy development, shares helpful resources, and identifies a path forward to advance the marine energy industry in a responsible manner. OES-Environmental has also collected and curated information on marine energy projects around the world and the environmental monitoring efforts conducted at each, including links to related reports and studies. In its next phase (2024-2028), OES-Environmental will focus on four new areas of research: exploring environmental acceptability, examining potential environmental effects of off-grid applications, delving further into potential system-wide effects as the industry scales up to arrays, and investigating potential social and economic effects of marine energy development globally. All materials developed under OES-Environmental are hosted on Tethys (https://tethys.pnnl.gov), an online knowledge hub with documents, information, and resources on the potential environmental effects of marine energy. The main feature of Tethys is its comprehensive document library with thousands of journal articles, conference papers, and grey literature reports that can be filtered, searched, and sorted by various topics. Tethys also hosts a variety of educational resources, such as coloring pages, video games, and career panel recordings, to help increase awareness of marine energy and support students, educators, and other groups (e.g., aquariums, museums). Additional features include an events calendar with relevant conferences, webinars, and workshops; a suite of archived webinars; a variety of online tools; a list of related databases; and a bi-weekly Tethys Blast newsletter that highlights relevant announcements, opportunities, and news. OES-Environmental and Tethys are both led by multidisciplinary teams at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and funded by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Water Power Technologies Office. Tethys is one of seven knowledge hubs within the Portal and Repository for Information on Marine Renewable Energy (PRIMRE) (https://primre.org), which hosts additional marine energy data, information, and resources. This presentation will highlight recent OES-Environmental products and the main features of Tethys that can help students, educators, and other stakeholders better understand the potential environmental effects of marine energy development around the world.","author":[{"family":"Farr","given":"Hayley"},{"family":"Garavelli","given":"Lysel"},{"family":"Freeman","given":"Mikaela"},{"family":"Hemery","given":"Lenaig"},{"family":"Copping","given":"Andrea"},{"family":"Rose","given":"Deborah"},{"family":"Jones","given":"Kristin"},{"family":"Mcgrath","given":"Jacob"},{"family":"Whiting","given":"Jonathan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20517360","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20517360","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20533896","type":"article-journal","title":"Linkages between environmental, social, and economic effects of marine renewable energy","abstract":"The abundance of marine renewable energy (MRE) resources worldwide provides opportunities for communities to gain energy independence, reduce overall electricity costs, and produce reliable energy. Harnessing the power of waves, tides, rivers, ocean currents, and temperature and salinity gradients, MRE technologies are uniquely suited for coastal, island, and remote areas. While MRE can provide benefits such as economic development and employment opportunities, uncertainties and concerns about potential adverse socioeconomic and environmental effects continue to slow permitting and deployment timelines. The effects of MRE can be interdependent, with environmental effects driving certain social or economic effects. For example, the presence of an MRE device may displace a commercially valuable species, leading to reductions in fisheries revenue and employment. To enhance benefits and limit adverse effects, the linkages between environmental, social, and economic effects of MRE need to be carefully considered. The OES-Environmental initiative, a collaboration of 16 member nations, works to increase understanding on environmental effects of MRE by identifying and addressing key knowledge gaps, providing recommendations, and creating resources tailored to MRE regulators, advisors, developers, researchers, and stakeholders. Recently, OES-Environmental produced the 2024 State of the Science Report, which included a chapter reviewing the social and economic effects of MRE. This chapter provides an overview of the socioeconomic effects of MRE organized by groups that may be affected by MRE, methods for measuring these effects, case studies of MRE socioeconomic planning and stakeholder engagement efforts, and recommendations for improving understanding and aiding responsible MRE development. The key affected groups identified in the chapter are fisheries, aquaculture, other maritime industries (e.g., supply chains, ports), workforce, Indigenous and coastal communities, tourism, conservation, and energy-end users. Building on this effort, OES-Environmental worked with country representatives from member nations to review the current state of knowledge and identify linkages, or connections, between social and economic effects and environmental effects of MRE. These linkages were evaluated based on affected groups, and contextual factors such as off-grid applications and deployments in tropical regions. Environmental effects that can lead to social and economic effects were identified to include harm to fished populations, changes to ecosystems or food webs, changes in water flow or quality, displacement of key species, and changes in habitat. These environmental linkages can affect fisheries, conservation, tourism, coastal communities, and workforce. A majority of socioeconomic effects discussed in the literature resulted from an environmental linkage, and each linkage led to effects across multiple affected groups. The findings indicate a need for further research on the specific MRE effects for these groups at all scales of development. This poster will provide an overview of OES-Environmental’s research to assess social and economic effects of MRE in relation to environmental effects. It will highlight key findings and knowledge gaps from the literature and provide recommendations to support the responsible development of MRE while considering social and economic effects.","author":[{"family":"Mcgrath","given":"Jacob"},{"family":"Freeman","given":"Mikaela"},{"family":"Rose","given":"Deborah"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20533896","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20533896","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20533897","type":"article-journal","title":"Linkages between environmental, social, and economic effects of marine renewable energy","abstract":"The abundance of marine renewable energy (MRE) resources worldwide provides opportunities for communities to gain energy independence, reduce overall electricity costs, and produce reliable energy. Harnessing the power of waves, tides, rivers, ocean currents, and temperature and salinity gradients, MRE technologies are uniquely suited for coastal, island, and remote areas. While MRE can provide benefits such as economic development and employment opportunities, uncertainties and concerns about potential adverse socioeconomic and environmental effects continue to slow permitting and deployment timelines. The effects of MRE can be interdependent, with environmental effects driving certain social or economic effects. For example, the presence of an MRE device may displace a commercially valuable species, leading to reductions in fisheries revenue and employment. To enhance benefits and limit adverse effects, the linkages between environmental, social, and economic effects of MRE need to be carefully considered. The OES-Environmental initiative, a collaboration of 16 member nations, works to increase understanding on environmental effects of MRE by identifying and addressing key knowledge gaps, providing recommendations, and creating resources tailored to MRE regulators, advisors, developers, researchers, and stakeholders. Recently, OES-Environmental produced the 2024 State of the Science Report, which included a chapter reviewing the social and economic effects of MRE. This chapter provides an overview of the socioeconomic effects of MRE organized by groups that may be affected by MRE, methods for measuring these effects, case studies of MRE socioeconomic planning and stakeholder engagement efforts, and recommendations for improving understanding and aiding responsible MRE development. The key affected groups identified in the chapter are fisheries, aquaculture, other maritime industries (e.g., supply chains, ports), workforce, Indigenous and coastal communities, tourism, conservation, and energy-end users. Building on this effort, OES-Environmental worked with country representatives from member nations to review the current state of knowledge and identify linkages, or connections, between social and economic effects and environmental effects of MRE. These linkages were evaluated based on affected groups, and contextual factors such as off-grid applications and deployments in tropical regions. Environmental effects that can lead to social and economic effects were identified to include harm to fished populations, changes to ecosystems or food webs, changes in water flow or quality, displacement of key species, and changes in habitat. These environmental linkages can affect fisheries, conservation, tourism, coastal communities, and workforce. A majority of socioeconomic effects discussed in the literature resulted from an environmental linkage, and each linkage led to effects across multiple affected groups. The findings indicate a need for further research on the specific MRE effects for these groups at all scales of development. This poster will provide an overview of OES-Environmental’s research to assess social and economic effects of MRE in relation to environmental effects. It will highlight key findings and knowledge gaps from the literature and provide recommendations to support the responsible development of MRE while considering social and economic effects.","author":[{"family":"Mcgrath","given":"Jacob"},{"family":"Freeman","given":"Mikaela"},{"family":"Rose","given":"Deborah"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20533897","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20533897","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.18326279","type":"article-journal","title":"EnergyPLAN Add-on for LInear System OptimisatioN by LUT University (EP-ALISON-LUT)","abstract":"This optimisation add-on tool for the EnergyPLAN model enables a linear optimisation of renewable energy sources, electricity storage technologies, hydrogen storage, electrolyser usage, and smart charging of electric vehicles. Please cite the following article when using the model: Keiner D., Gulagi A., Satymov R., Etongo D., Lavidas G., Oyewo A.S., Khalili S., Breyer C. (2024). Future role of wave power in Seychelles: A strucutred sensitivity analysis empowered by a novel EnergyPLAN-based optimisation tool. Energy 303, 131905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2024.131905 Please contact Dominik Keiner (dominik.keiner@lut.fi) or Christian Breyer (christian.breyer@lut.fi) for any inquiries regarding EP-ALISON-LUT. Updates are posted on X (@KeinerDominik; @ChristianOnRE) and Bluesky (@dominikkeiner.bsky.social; @christianonre.bsky.social). Many thanks to the European Union's Green Deal research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 101036457 (EU-SCORES). Many thanks to the Jenny and Antti Wihuri Foundation for the valuable grant awarded to Dominik Keiner, which mainly enabled this research.","author":[{"family":"Keiner","given":"Dominik"},{"family":"Gulagi","given":"Ashish"},{"family":"Breyer","given":"Christian"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.18326279","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18326279","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.10066770","type":"article-journal","title":"EnergyPLAN Add-on for LInear System OptimisatioN by LUT University (EP-ALISON-LUT)","abstract":"This optimisation add-on tool for the EnergyPLAN model enables a linear optimisation of renewable energy sources, electricity storage technologies, hydrogen storage, electrolyser usage, and smart charging of electric vehicles. Please cite the following article when using the model: Keiner D., Gulagi A., Satymov R., Etongo D., Lavidas G., Oyewo A.S., Khalili S., Breyer C. (2024). Future role of wave power in Seychelles: A strucutred sensitivity analysis empowered by a novel EnergyPLAN-based optimisation tool. Energy 303, 131905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2024.131905 Please contact Dominik Keiner (dominik.keiner@lut.fi) or Christian Breyer (christian.breyer@lut.fi) for any inquiries regarding EP-ALISON-LUT. Updates are posted on X (@KeinerDominik; @ChristianOnRE) and Bluesky (@dominikkeiner.bsky.social; @christianonre.bsky.social). Many thanks to the European Union's Green Deal research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 101036457 (EU-SCORES). Many thanks to the Jenny and Antti Wihuri Foundation for the valuable grant awarded to Dominik Keiner, which mainly enabled this research.","author":[{"family":"Keiner","given":"Dominik"},{"family":"Gulagi","given":"Ashish"},{"family":"Breyer","given":"Christian"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.10066770","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10066770","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.18602585","type":"article-journal","title":"ADVANCING PHOTVOLTAIC PERFORMANCE THROUGH DIGITALISATION IN LIVING LABORATORIES: INSIGHTS FROM THE PROMISE PROJECT","abstract":"Abstract: The growing demand for renewable energy continues to drive the large-scale deployment of photovoltaic (PV) systems. However, ensuring the sustained performance of existing installations remains essential, particularly in regions such as Malta, where elevated temperature, humidity, and salinity accelerate component degradation. This paper presents the next phase of the PROMISE project (Photovoltaics Reliability Operations and Maintenance Innovative Solutions for Energy Alliance), which advances the harmonised multi-site PV monitoring framework introduced in 2024 into a fully digitalised, cloud-integrated infrastructure. The upgraded system now encompasses ten rooftop laboratories and three dedicated test sites, each equipped with high-precision Class A sensors operating at 3- second acquisition intervals in accordance with IEC 61724-1:2021. The monitoring network is supported by an endto- end Microsoft Azure pipeline—comprising IoT Hub, Function Apps, Cosmos DB, and Power BI—that enables realtime data streaming, anomaly detection, and predictive analytics across all locations. Moreover, the establishment of the PROMISE Open PV Reliability Repository provides public access to harmonised datasets, promoting transparency and collaboration within international PV reliability programmes. The results demonstrate a scalable, research-grade digital framework that strengthens system interoperability, enhances data quality, and supports the broader goals of smart monitoring and sustainable energy transition in the Mediterranean and beyond.","author":[{"family":"Bartolo","given":"Brian"},{"family":"Azzopardi","given":"Brian"},{"family":"Azzopardi","given":"Carmel"},{"family":"Mockeviciute Azzopardi","given":"Austeja"},{"family":"Mignonac","given":"Alexandre"},{"family":"Rennhofer","given":"Marcus"},{"family":"Kubicek","given":"Bernhard"},{"family":"Ebner","given":"Rita"},{"family":"Meza","given":"Carlos"},{"family":"De L'epine","given":"Melodie"},{"family":"Zugasti","given":"Eugenia"},{"family":"Scerri","given":"Kenneth"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.18602585","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18602585","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.18602586","type":"article-journal","title":"ADVANCING PHOTVOLTAIC PERFORMANCE THROUGH DIGITALISATION IN LIVING LABORATORIES: INSIGHTS FROM THE PROMISE PROJECT","abstract":"Abstract: The growing demand for renewable energy continues to drive the large-scale deployment of photovoltaic (PV) systems. However, ensuring the sustained performance of existing installations remains essential, particularly in regions such as Malta, where elevated temperature, humidity, and salinity accelerate component degradation. This paper presents the next phase of the PROMISE project (Photovoltaics Reliability Operations and Maintenance Innovative Solutions for Energy Alliance), which advances the harmonised multi-site PV monitoring framework introduced in 2024 into a fully digitalised, cloud-integrated infrastructure. The upgraded system now encompasses ten rooftop laboratories and three dedicated test sites, each equipped with high-precision Class A sensors operating at 3- second acquisition intervals in accordance with IEC 61724-1:2021. The monitoring network is supported by an endto- end Microsoft Azure pipeline—comprising IoT Hub, Function Apps, Cosmos DB, and Power BI—that enables realtime data streaming, anomaly detection, and predictive analytics across all locations. Moreover, the establishment of the PROMISE Open PV Reliability Repository provides public access to harmonised datasets, promoting transparency and collaboration within international PV reliability programmes. The results demonstrate a scalable, research-grade digital framework that strengthens system interoperability, enhances data quality, and supports the broader goals of smart monitoring and sustainable energy transition in the Mediterranean and beyond.","author":[{"family":"Bartolo","given":"Brian"},{"family":"Azzopardi","given":"Brian"},{"family":"Azzopardi","given":"Carmel"},{"family":"Mockeviciute Azzopardi","given":"Austeja"},{"family":"Mignonac","given":"Alexandre"},{"family":"Rennhofer","given":"Marcus"},{"family":"Kubicek","given":"Bernhard"},{"family":"Ebner","given":"Rita"},{"family":"Meza","given":"Carlos"},{"family":"De L'epine","given":"Melodie"},{"family":"Zugasti","given":"Eugenia"},{"family":"Scerri","given":"Kenneth"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.18602586","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18602586","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.17597045","type":"article-journal","title":"How big is big enough? Cost-optimal design for centralized and decentralized e-SAF production","abstract":"Abstract Converting biogenic CO2 into synthetic sustainable aviation fuel (e-SAF) requires significant amounts of renewable energy, and alignment between system elements and sizes. However, the optimal scale and configuration of CO2 electrolysis in its supply chain remain unresolved. This study examines the economics of RFNBO-compliant e- SAF production from CO2 electrolysis via Fischer–Tropsch synthesis in centralized and decentralized configurations in the Netherlands. A two-stage optimization framework optimized the sizing of renewable generation, storage, and use of grid electricity for electrolysis plants (9 - 900MW). The model uses hourly data from 2019–2024 and projects scenarios to 2050, including expected cost and efficiency improvements. The lowest near-term (2025) levelized cost of e-SAF (around 5,230 EUR2019/tonne) is achieved for a centralized 90 MW electrolysis plant powered primarily by onshore wind and photovoltaics. A smaller 23 MW decentralized system yields comparable costs. While the conversion investment costs are higher due to the smaller scale, they are counterbalanced by avoided grid fees, higher allowed grid mix electricity consumption, and lower CO2 supply cost. From 2030 onwards, decentralized configurations can outperform centralized designs as technological flexibility improves. By 2050, decentral e-SAF production costs fall below 2,750 EUR2019/tonne. However, this still represents a 35–70% premium over current SAF prices. These systems provide a practical near-term routes for demonstration projects by co-locating renewable energy, e-SAF production, and regional airports. However, two fundamental caveats remain. First, the high cost of CO2 electrolysis–based fuels is incompatible with the low-margins of bulk fuels. Second, the limited production volumes from a decentralized configuration are misaligned with the high demand of the aviation sector. Therefore, CO2 electrolysis appears best deployed in specific niches where high-quality renewable resources or a fully renewable grid geographically overlap with distributed biogenic CO2 streams Keywords: CO2 electrolysis; Sustainable aviation fuel (e-SAF); Techno-economic optimization; Decentralized supply chains; Power-to-liquid fuels About the data set The dataset contains supplementary infromation files supporting underlying assumptions in: How big is big enough? Cost-optimal design for centralized and decentralized e-SAF production","author":[{"family":"Wiltink","given":"Thijmen"},{"family":"Pérez-Fortes","given":"Mar"},{"family":"Ramirez","given":"Andrea"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.17597045","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17597045","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.17597046","type":"article-journal","title":"How big is big enough? Cost-optimal design for centralized and decentralized e-SAF production","abstract":"Abstract Converting biogenic CO2 into synthetic sustainable aviation fuel (e-SAF) requires significant amounts of renewable energy, and alignment between system elements and sizes. However, the optimal scale and configuration of CO2 electrolysis in its supply chain remain unresolved. This study examines the economics of RFNBO-compliant e- SAF production from CO2 electrolysis via Fischer–Tropsch synthesis in centralized and decentralized configurations in the Netherlands. A two-stage optimization framework optimized the sizing of renewable generation, storage, and use of grid electricity for electrolysis plants (9 - 900MW). The model uses hourly data from 2019–2024 and projects scenarios to 2050, including expected cost and efficiency improvements. The lowest near-term (2025) levelized cost of e-SAF (around 5,230 EUR2019/tonne) is achieved for a centralized 90 MW electrolysis plant powered primarily by onshore wind and photovoltaics. A smaller 23 MW decentralized system yields comparable costs. While the conversion investment costs are higher due to the smaller scale, they are counterbalanced by avoided grid fees, higher allowed grid mix electricity consumption, and lower CO2 supply cost. From 2030 onwards, decentralized configurations can outperform centralized designs as technological flexibility improves. By 2050, decentral e-SAF production costs fall below 2,750 EUR2019/tonne. However, this still represents a 35–70% premium over current SAF prices. These systems provide a practical near-term routes for demonstration projects by co-locating renewable energy, e-SAF production, and regional airports. However, two fundamental caveats remain. First, the high cost of CO2 electrolysis–based fuels is incompatible with the low-margins of bulk fuels. Second, the limited production volumes from a decentralized configuration are misaligned with the high demand of the aviation sector. Therefore, CO2 electrolysis appears best deployed in specific niches where high-quality renewable resources or a fully renewable grid geographically overlap with distributed biogenic CO2 streams Keywords: CO2 electrolysis; Sustainable aviation fuel (e-SAF); Techno-economic optimization; Decentralized supply chains; Power-to-liquid fuels About the data set The dataset contains supplementary infromation files supporting underlying assumptions in: How big is big enough? Cost-optimal design for centralized and decentralized e-SAF production","author":[{"family":"Wiltink","given":"Thijmen"},{"family":"Pérez-Fortes","given":"Mar"},{"family":"Ramirez","given":"Andrea"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.17597046","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17597046","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20530956","type":"article-journal","title":"OpenCTD as a Low-Cost Tool for Small-Scale Wave Energy Characterization and Future Development as a Wave-Powered Instrument","abstract":"The CTD (Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth), often called the “workhorse” of oceanography, is essential for understanding the marine environment. However, commercial CTDs are expensive and can pose a financial barrier to increased environmental observations by researchers and citizen scientists alike. OpenCTD, an open-source, low-cost alternative, presents a novel solution for expanding environmental monitoring while supporting and integrating marine energy research. Developed with affordability and accessibility in mind, OpenCTD can be constructed for approximately $430, a fraction of the cost of traditional CTDs. Funded by and in partnership with the North Carolina Renewable Ocean Energy Program (NCROEP), we deployed a network of 16 OpenCTDs throughout the Albemarle-Pamlico estuarine system (APES) (Figure 1) to assess small-scale wave energy potential in the region. By adjusting the instrument’s pressure sensor to rapidly sample at 20Hz, we aimed to capture site-specific wave fields at multiple locations. This 4-month deployment serves as a pilot study to evaluate the feasibility of OpenCTD for low-cost wave energy resource characterization while providing valuable environmental data for other coastal research efforts. OpenCTD’s accessibility and adaptability make it ideal for community-driven coastal observation. By integrating local stakeholders in data collection, we seek to expand environmental monitoring capacity in the Outer Banks while supporting North Carolina’s growing marine energy portfolio. Beyond its use in wave energy characterization, OpenCTD data can support other research initiatives, such as monitoring submerged historic properties, optimization of aquaculture practices in local oyster farms, and student-led building and project planning. The instruments used in this project were built with high school and undergraduate college students, providing a valuable learning experience. A key goal of this project is to use the data collected during this initial deployment to inform future modifications to the OpenCTD, ultimately transforming it into a wave-powered instrument. By harnessing small-scale wave energy to power the device, we aim to extend deployment durations and provide access to real-time temperature, salinity, and wave conditions. This modification would enable long-term, non-intrusive monitoring of both natural and cultural resources while reducing reliance on battery power and minimizing maintenance needs. This presentation will share preliminary findings from the 2024-2025 OpenCTD deployment, including site-specific wave field characterization and insights into instrument performance. We will also discuss best practices for integrating OpenCTD into other marine energy and environmental research efforts, and next steps toward developing a fully autonomous, wave or current-powered version of the instrument. By providing a scalable, cost-effective solution for small-scale wave energy assessment, OpenCTD has the potential to significantly reduce barriers to entry in marine research and increase data collection in coastal environments worldwide.","author":[{"family":"Wentzel","given":"Lindsay"},{"family":"Taylor","given":"Trip"},{"family":"Golden","given":"Ryan"},{"family":"Muglia","given":"Mike"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20530956","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20530956","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20530957","type":"article-journal","title":"OpenCTD as a Low-Cost Tool for Small-Scale Wave Energy Characterization and Future Development as a Wave-Powered Instrument","abstract":"The CTD (Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth), often called the “workhorse” of oceanography, is essential for understanding the marine environment. However, commercial CTDs are expensive and can pose a financial barrier to increased environmental observations by researchers and citizen scientists alike. OpenCTD, an open-source, low-cost alternative, presents a novel solution for expanding environmental monitoring while supporting and integrating marine energy research. Developed with affordability and accessibility in mind, OpenCTD can be constructed for approximately $430, a fraction of the cost of traditional CTDs. Funded by and in partnership with the North Carolina Renewable Ocean Energy Program (NCROEP), we deployed a network of 16 OpenCTDs throughout the Albemarle-Pamlico estuarine system (APES) (Figure 1) to assess small-scale wave energy potential in the region. By adjusting the instrument’s pressure sensor to rapidly sample at 20Hz, we aimed to capture site-specific wave fields at multiple locations. This 4-month deployment serves as a pilot study to evaluate the feasibility of OpenCTD for low-cost wave energy resource characterization while providing valuable environmental data for other coastal research efforts. OpenCTD’s accessibility and adaptability make it ideal for community-driven coastal observation. By integrating local stakeholders in data collection, we seek to expand environmental monitoring capacity in the Outer Banks while supporting North Carolina’s growing marine energy portfolio. Beyond its use in wave energy characterization, OpenCTD data can support other research initiatives, such as monitoring submerged historic properties, optimization of aquaculture practices in local oyster farms, and student-led building and project planning. The instruments used in this project were built with high school and undergraduate college students, providing a valuable learning experience. A key goal of this project is to use the data collected during this initial deployment to inform future modifications to the OpenCTD, ultimately transforming it into a wave-powered instrument. By harnessing small-scale wave energy to power the device, we aim to extend deployment durations and provide access to real-time temperature, salinity, and wave conditions. This modification would enable long-term, non-intrusive monitoring of both natural and cultural resources while reducing reliance on battery power and minimizing maintenance needs. This presentation will share preliminary findings from the 2024-2025 OpenCTD deployment, including site-specific wave field characterization and insights into instrument performance. We will also discuss best practices for integrating OpenCTD into other marine energy and environmental research efforts, and next steps toward developing a fully autonomous, wave or current-powered version of the instrument. By providing a scalable, cost-effective solution for small-scale wave energy assessment, OpenCTD has the potential to significantly reduce barriers to entry in marine research and increase data collection in coastal environments worldwide.","author":[{"family":"Wentzel","given":"Lindsay"},{"family":"Taylor","given":"Trip"},{"family":"Golden","given":"Ryan"},{"family":"Muglia","given":"Mike"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20530957","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20530957","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22070469","type":"article-journal","title":"ENTSO-E Germany-Spain Hourly Electricity Market Dataset (2021-2025)","abstract":"This dataset provides hourly electricity market data for Germany (DE) and Spain (ES) covering January 2021 to December 2025 (87,648 observations), combining system load, solar generation, wind generation, day-ahead wholesale electricity price, and derived residual (net) load. Data are sourced and harmonised from the ENTSO-E Transparency Platform. The dataset supports the analysis presented in \"Renewable Energy Penetration, Merit-Order Price Suppression, and Flexibility Stress in European Electricity Markets: A Five-Year Integrated Econometric and Machine Learning Analysis of Germany and Spain\" (submitted to Applied Energy). Full column definitions, units, and data-quality validation notes are provided in DATA_DICTIONARY.md.","author":[{"family":"Akter","given":"Ashrafi"},{"family":"Yousuf","given":"Kayes"},{"family":"Tanmoy","given":"Sakib"},{"family":"Noor","given":"Hadid"},{"family":"Ahmed","given":"Ashik"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22070469","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22070469","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22070470","type":"article-journal","title":"ENTSO-E Germany-Spain Hourly Electricity Market Dataset (2021-2025)","abstract":"This dataset provides hourly electricity market data for Germany (DE) and Spain (ES) covering January 2021 to December 2025 (87,648 observations), combining system load, solar generation, wind generation, day-ahead wholesale electricity price, and derived residual (net) load. Data are sourced and harmonised from the ENTSO-E Transparency Platform. The dataset supports the analysis presented in \"Renewable Energy Penetration, Merit-Order Price Suppression, and Flexibility Stress in European Electricity Markets: A Five-Year Integrated Econometric and Machine Learning Analysis of Germany and Spain\" (submitted to Applied Energy). Full column definitions, units, and data-quality validation notes are provided in DATA_DICTIONARY.md.","author":[{"family":"Akter","given":"Ashrafi"},{"family":"Yousuf","given":"Kayes"},{"family":"Tanmoy","given":"Sakib"},{"family":"Noor","given":"Hadid"},{"family":"Ahmed","given":"Ashik"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22070470","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22070470","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19568089","type":"article-journal","title":"DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF SOLAR PHOTO VOLTAIC BASED ANION EXCHANGE MEMBRANE ELECTROLYZER FOR HYDROZEN PRODUCTION","abstract":"Anion exchange membrane (AEM) water electrolysis is a new technique that can fill the gap between traditional alkaline electrolysis and expensive proton exchange membrane (PEM) systems. This through analysis covers operating parameters, membrane – electrode assembly (MEA) fabrication techniques, necessary materials (membranes, catalysts, ionomers), and system -level Integration in order to summarise current advancements in AEM water electrolysis. The technique combines the economic advantage of alkaline electrolysis, such as the use of platinum -group -metal- free (PGM- free) Catalysts and stainless -steel bipolar plates, with the compactness, dynamic responsiveness, and pure water operation of PEM systems. However, there are still a lot of un answered questions. The primary obstacles to industrial commercialization are membrane breakdown mechanisms, limited long- term durability (now usually below 2000 h in laboratory experiments), and inadequate chemical stability in alkaline settings. This review indicates the activation polarization dominates cell voltage losses, membrane ionic conductivity and stability need to be significantly enhanced, and systematic integration methods with intermittent renewable energy resources are currently lacking. This work includes a literature reviews as well as MATLAB /Simulink – based system- level model of an AEM electrolyser connected to renewable energy sources. To optimize power transfer and operating conditions at the electrolyser terminals, a DC-DC buck converter and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques are used. We suggest a research roadmap towards technology readiness level (TRL) 4-5 systems appropriate for pilot-scale deployment, based on significant discoveries from scholarly studies published between 2012 and 2025 and recent commercial demonstrations. For successful largescale commercialization of AEM water electrolysers, the study emphasizes the necessity of coordinated development of chemically stable membranes with ionic conductivity ≥ 100 mS/cm under Operating conditions, robust PGM- free catalyst systems, a mechanistic understanding of degradation pathways, and validated dynamic control strategies, such as MPPT- based power conditioning via DC-DC converters.","author":[{"family":"Kotavardhan"},{"family":"Pondaralokesh"},{"family":"Kanthumahantisriya"},{"family":"Sanadevika"},{"family":"Pydi","given":"Bala"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19568089","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19568089","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19568090","type":"article-journal","title":"DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF SOLAR PHOTO VOLTAIC BASED ANION EXCHANGE MEMBRANE ELECTROLYZER FOR HYDROZEN PRODUCTION","abstract":"Anion exchange membrane (AEM) water electrolysis is a new technique that can fill the gap between traditional alkaline electrolysis and expensive proton exchange membrane (PEM) systems. This through analysis covers operating parameters, membrane – electrode assembly (MEA) fabrication techniques, necessary materials (membranes, catalysts, ionomers), and system -level Integration in order to summarise current advancements in AEM water electrolysis. The technique combines the economic advantage of alkaline electrolysis, such as the use of platinum -group -metal- free (PGM- free) Catalysts and stainless -steel bipolar plates, with the compactness, dynamic responsiveness, and pure water operation of PEM systems. However, there are still a lot of un answered questions. The primary obstacles to industrial commercialization are membrane breakdown mechanisms, limited long- term durability (now usually below 2000 h in laboratory experiments), and inadequate chemical stability in alkaline settings. This review indicates the activation polarization dominates cell voltage losses, membrane ionic conductivity and stability need to be significantly enhanced, and systematic integration methods with intermittent renewable energy resources are currently lacking. This work includes a literature reviews as well as MATLAB /Simulink – based system- level model of an AEM electrolyser connected to renewable energy sources. To optimize power transfer and operating conditions at the electrolyser terminals, a DC-DC buck converter and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques are used. We suggest a research roadmap towards technology readiness level (TRL) 4-5 systems appropriate for pilot-scale deployment, based on significant discoveries from scholarly studies published between 2012 and 2025 and recent commercial demonstrations. For successful largescale commercialization of AEM water electrolysers, the study emphasizes the necessity of coordinated development of chemically stable membranes with ionic conductivity ≥ 100 mS/cm under Operating conditions, robust PGM- free catalyst systems, a mechanistic understanding of degradation pathways, and validated dynamic control strategies, such as MPPT- based power conditioning via DC-DC converters.","author":[{"family":"Kotavardhan"},{"family":"Pondaralokesh"},{"family":"Kanthumahantisriya"},{"family":"Sanadevika"},{"family":"Pydi","given":"Bala"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19568090","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19568090","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19422447","type":"article-journal","title":"Community Solar And Energy Equity For Low-Income Households","abstract":"Community solar – shared solar projects that deliver benefits to multiple customers – holds promise for improving energy equity among low-income (LMI) households. These programs can enable renters and multifamily residents (often excluded from rooftop solar) to access solar benefits, potentially reducing energy burdens. Federal and state experts note that well-designed community solar \"supports equitable access to renewable energy\" by extending savings to underserved groups (U.S. Dept. of Energy, 2023). However, evidence is mixed: community solar subscribers tend to have lower incomes than rooftop adopters (about 23% lower on average) and are far more likely to be renters or live in multifamily housing (4–6 times higher) (O'Shaughnessy et al., 2024). Yet, many programs see only a small fraction of LMI households participating, and benefits have been modest (e.g. ~$40–60/month in bill savings per LMI subscriber). Barriers include upfront costs, complex enrollment, and billing issues. Successful policies combine subsidies and incentives (tax credits, rebates), financing tools (on-bill financing, green banks), and supportive rules (income verification alternatives, bill protections) to lower barriers. Case studies (e.g. Minnesota, Illinois, New York, New Jersey) show that targeted carve-outs and outreach increase LMI uptake, but vigilance is needed to prevent cost-shifting to non-participants. We synthesize quantitative and qualitative findings, showing that community solar can improve equity if program design is intentional. We offer policy recommendations (e.g. simplified eligibility, consolidated billing, strong LMI set-asides) and identify research gaps (e.g. long-term outcomes, distributional modeling).","author":[{"family":"Nimaful","given":"Samuel"},{"family":"Holison","given":"Joel"},{"family":"Darkoh","given":"Gloria"},{"family":"Hanyabui","given":"Augustine"},{"family":"Holison","given":"Faith"},{"family":"Nyamsutswa","given":"Laureta"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19422447","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19422447","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19422448","type":"article-journal","title":"Community Solar And Energy Equity For Low-Income Households","abstract":"Community solar – shared solar projects that deliver benefits to multiple customers – holds promise for improving energy equity among low-income (LMI) households. These programs can enable renters and multifamily residents (often excluded from rooftop solar) to access solar benefits, potentially reducing energy burdens. Federal and state experts note that well-designed community solar \"supports equitable access to renewable energy\" by extending savings to underserved groups (U.S. Dept. of Energy, 2023). However, evidence is mixed: community solar subscribers tend to have lower incomes than rooftop adopters (about 23% lower on average) and are far more likely to be renters or live in multifamily housing (4–6 times higher) (O'Shaughnessy et al., 2024). Yet, many programs see only a small fraction of LMI households participating, and benefits have been modest (e.g. ~$40–60/month in bill savings per LMI subscriber). Barriers include upfront costs, complex enrollment, and billing issues. Successful policies combine subsidies and incentives (tax credits, rebates), financing tools (on-bill financing, green banks), and supportive rules (income verification alternatives, bill protections) to lower barriers. Case studies (e.g. Minnesota, Illinois, New York, New Jersey) show that targeted carve-outs and outreach increase LMI uptake, but vigilance is needed to prevent cost-shifting to non-participants. We synthesize quantitative and qualitative findings, showing that community solar can improve equity if program design is intentional. We offer policy recommendations (e.g. simplified eligibility, consolidated billing, strong LMI set-asides) and identify research gaps (e.g. long-term outcomes, distributional modeling).","author":[{"family":"Nimaful","given":"Samuel"},{"family":"Holison","given":"Joel"},{"family":"Darkoh","given":"Gloria"},{"family":"Hanyabui","given":"Augustine"},{"family":"Holison","given":"Faith"},{"family":"Nyamsutswa","given":"Laureta"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19422448","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19422448","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19930770","type":"article-journal","title":"FROM CRISIS TO CATALYST: INCREASING CARBON EMISSIONS AS AN IMPERATIVE FOR ACCELERATED RENEWABLE ENERGY INVESTMENT FOR CLIMATE MITIGATION","abstract":"ABSTRACT This study investigates how increasing carbon emissions function as a structural imperative for accelerated renewable energy investment, interrogating the ‘crisis-to-catalyst’ dynamic across a comparative sample of twelve nations such as five developed and seven developing, over the period 2010 to 2024. The study was theoretically anchored on the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis, green growth theory, and the institutional theory of energy transition, which collectively frame the emissions-investment relationship as institutionally mediated rather than automatic. Adopting a positivist, quantitative, longitudinal design, the study draws on secondary data from the International Energy Agency (IEA), the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the World Bank, and the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), analysed through longitudinal trend analysis, Pearson correlation, and fixed-effects panel regression. Findings of the study reveal a pronounced global bifurcation; Denmark and Sweden achieved emission reductions of 48.0% and 42.7%, respectively, affirming that investment efficiency, not volume, determines decarbonisation outcomes, whilst Ghana (+121.2%), India (+70.0%), and Nigeria (+35.4%) recorded persistent emission escalation attributable to institutional deficits and chronic underinvestment. China’s ‘scale-investment decoupling anomaly’, wherein $2.03 trillion in renewable investment accompanied a 35.9% emission increase, challenges investment-centric decarbonisation narratives and establishes fossil fuel suppression as an indispensable co-condition. The study concludes that the catalytic potential of rising emissions is realised only under conditions of institutional coherence and adequate climate finance. The study recommended the legislative codification of fossil fuel phase-out timelines in developed economies and the substantial scaling of concessional climate finance by international financial institutions to bridge the structural investment gap constraining energy transition in the Global South.","author":[{"family":"Ayuba","given":"Hassan"},{"family":"Telzing","given":"PB"},{"family":"Gowon","given":"NM"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19930770","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19930770","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19930771","type":"article-journal","title":"FROM CRISIS TO CATALYST: INCREASING CARBON EMISSIONS AS AN IMPERATIVE FOR ACCELERATED RENEWABLE ENERGY INVESTMENT FOR CLIMATE MITIGATION","abstract":"ABSTRACT This study investigates how increasing carbon emissions function as a structural imperative for accelerated renewable energy investment, interrogating the ‘crisis-to-catalyst’ dynamic across a comparative sample of twelve nations such as five developed and seven developing, over the period 2010 to 2024. The study was theoretically anchored on the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis, green growth theory, and the institutional theory of energy transition, which collectively frame the emissions-investment relationship as institutionally mediated rather than automatic. Adopting a positivist, quantitative, longitudinal design, the study draws on secondary data from the International Energy Agency (IEA), the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the World Bank, and the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), analysed through longitudinal trend analysis, Pearson correlation, and fixed-effects panel regression. Findings of the study reveal a pronounced global bifurcation; Denmark and Sweden achieved emission reductions of 48.0% and 42.7%, respectively, affirming that investment efficiency, not volume, determines decarbonisation outcomes, whilst Ghana (+121.2%), India (+70.0%), and Nigeria (+35.4%) recorded persistent emission escalation attributable to institutional deficits and chronic underinvestment. China’s ‘scale-investment decoupling anomaly’, wherein $2.03 trillion in renewable investment accompanied a 35.9% emission increase, challenges investment-centric decarbonisation narratives and establishes fossil fuel suppression as an indispensable co-condition. The study concludes that the catalytic potential of rising emissions is realised only under conditions of institutional coherence and adequate climate finance. The study recommended the legislative codification of fossil fuel phase-out timelines in developed economies and the substantial scaling of concessional climate finance by international financial institutions to bridge the structural investment gap constraining energy transition in the Global South.","author":[{"family":"Ayuba","given":"Hassan"},{"family":"Telzing","given":"PB"},{"family":"Gowon","given":"NM"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19930771","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19930771","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21531347","type":"article-journal","title":"Governing the Nexus: Policy and Practice for Water-Energy-Food Security in Katsina State, Northern Nigeria","abstract":"The interlinkages between water, energy, and food systems collectively known as the Water-Energy-Food (WEF) Nexus represent one of the most urgent governance challenges for dryland states in sub-Saharan Africa. Katsina State in Northern Nigeria epitomises this challenge: it is simultaneously one of Nigeria's foremost agricultural states, a region chronically exposed to Sahelian drought and desertification, and a jurisdiction where energy poverty constrains irrigation and agro-processing at every turn. This paper investigates the governance structures, policy frameworks, and practical realities of WEF nexus management in Katsina State. Drawing on a structured questionnaire administered to 300 households across six Local Government Areas (LGAs), complemented by 24 Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) with government officials, civil society actors, development partners, and community leaders, the study maps the interlinkages and trade-offs among the three resource domains and assesses the coherence of existing policies. Findings reveal severe fragmentation in institutional mandates, inadequate inter-sectoral coordination, underperforming subsidy programmes, and a marked gap between federal policy ambitions and local implementation realities. The paper argues for a dedicated Katsina WEF Nexus Governance Framework anchored in participatory planning, renewable energy integration, and adaptive water allocation. Policy recommendations are offered for state and local governments, federal ministries, development banks, and international development partners. Keywords: Water-Energy-Food Nexus, Resource Governance, Drylands, Policy Coherence, Climate Adaptation, Irrigation, Food Security.","author":[{"family":"Sani","given":"Yahaya"},{"family":"Tanim","given":"Rayyan"},{"family":"Sule","given":"Ibrahim"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21531347","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21531347","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21531348","type":"article-journal","title":"Governing the Nexus: Policy and Practice for Water-Energy-Food Security in Katsina State, Northern Nigeria","abstract":"The interlinkages between water, energy, and food systems collectively known as the Water-Energy-Food (WEF) Nexus represent one of the most urgent governance challenges for dryland states in sub-Saharan Africa. Katsina State in Northern Nigeria epitomises this challenge: it is simultaneously one of Nigeria's foremost agricultural states, a region chronically exposed to Sahelian drought and desertification, and a jurisdiction where energy poverty constrains irrigation and agro-processing at every turn. This paper investigates the governance structures, policy frameworks, and practical realities of WEF nexus management in Katsina State. Drawing on a structured questionnaire administered to 300 households across six Local Government Areas (LGAs), complemented by 24 Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) with government officials, civil society actors, development partners, and community leaders, the study maps the interlinkages and trade-offs among the three resource domains and assesses the coherence of existing policies. Findings reveal severe fragmentation in institutional mandates, inadequate inter-sectoral coordination, underperforming subsidy programmes, and a marked gap between federal policy ambitions and local implementation realities. The paper argues for a dedicated Katsina WEF Nexus Governance Framework anchored in participatory planning, renewable energy integration, and adaptive water allocation. Policy recommendations are offered for state and local governments, federal ministries, development banks, and international development partners. Keywords: Water-Energy-Food Nexus, Resource Governance, Drylands, Policy Coherence, Climate Adaptation, Irrigation, Food Security.","author":[{"family":"Sani","given":"Yahaya"},{"family":"Tanim","given":"Rayyan"},{"family":"Sule","given":"Ibrahim"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21531348","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21531348","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21430184","type":"article-journal","title":"GlobalPV-RiskDT: An Integrated Techno-Economic and Risk Assessment Platform for Worldwide Rooftop Photovoltaic Investment Decision Support","abstract":"GlobalPV-RiskDT is an advanced MATLAB-based decision-support platform developed to evaluate the techno-economic, environmental, and financial performance of rooftop photovoltaic (PV) investments across multiple global cities. The framework first calibrates its financial engine against a validated RETScreen Expert building-retrofit case before extending the methodology to a standardized worldwide PV investment scenario. Using NREL Annual Technology Baseline (ATB) technology parameters, IEA emissions data, real electricity tariffs, and Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis, the platform estimates energy generation, lifecycle cash flows, NPV, IRR, simple and equity payback periods, CO₂ emission reductions, and composite investment risk scores. The software automatically generates publication-quality visual dashboards and structured Excel reports, providing researchers, policymakers, investors, and urban energy planners with a transparent, reproducible, and data-driven framework for comparing rooftop PV deployment opportunities and supporting strategic renewable energy investment decisions under uncertainty.","author":[{"family":"Gheibi","given":"Mohammad"},{"family":"Yeganeh Khaksar","given":"Reza"},{"family":"Hoshyar","given":"Amirhossein"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21430184","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21430184","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21430185","type":"article-journal","title":"GlobalPV-RiskDT: An Integrated Techno-Economic and Risk Assessment Platform for Worldwide Rooftop Photovoltaic Investment Decision Support","abstract":"GlobalPV-RiskDT is an advanced MATLAB-based decision-support platform developed to evaluate the techno-economic, environmental, and financial performance of rooftop photovoltaic (PV) investments across multiple global cities. The framework first calibrates its financial engine against a validated RETScreen Expert building-retrofit case before extending the methodology to a standardized worldwide PV investment scenario. Using NREL Annual Technology Baseline (ATB) technology parameters, IEA emissions data, real electricity tariffs, and Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis, the platform estimates energy generation, lifecycle cash flows, NPV, IRR, simple and equity payback periods, CO₂ emission reductions, and composite investment risk scores. The software automatically generates publication-quality visual dashboards and structured Excel reports, providing researchers, policymakers, investors, and urban energy planners with a transparent, reproducible, and data-driven framework for comparing rooftop PV deployment opportunities and supporting strategic renewable energy investment decisions under uncertainty.","author":[{"family":"Gheibi","given":"Mohammad"},{"family":"Yeganeh Khaksar","given":"Reza"},{"family":"Hoshyar","given":"Amirhossein"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21430185","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21430185","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20810968","type":"article-journal","title":"D7.3 Market Analysis","abstract":"The REGEN-BY-2 project, funded under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 program (Grant Agreement No. 851541), represents a pioneering initiative aimed at transforming the renewable energy landscape through the development of a novel multi-generation energy system. This system, enabled by two-phase fluid machines, is designed to convert a wide range of renewable thermal sources into electricity, heating, and cooling—offering a compact, efficient, and flexible solution for diverse energy needs across industrial and commercial sectors. At the heart of the project lies a patented thermodynamic cycle developed by TIFEO, which integrates two-phase compression and expansion processes to maximize energy conversion efficiency. The REGEN-BY-2 system is positioned as a Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power (CCHP) solution that surpasses traditional trigeneration systems by offering a fully integrated, all-in-one plant architecture. This innovation eliminates the inefficiencies of combining separate systems and introduces a new standard for compactness, modularity, and operational flexibility. The document provides an overview of the potential market of REGEN-by-2 technology and outlines the project's roadmap toward achieving the Technology Readiness Level 9 (TRL9) corresponding to a market-ready product by 2030. Starting from TRL2 at the project’s beginning in 2020, the REGEN-BY-2 system has progressed to TRL4 as of May 2025 (M57), with successful lab-scale validation of key components such as the two-phase expander and compressor. The roadmap details the intermediate steps required to reach TRL9, including pilot-scale demonstrations, system upscaling, certification, and market deployment. Strategic milestones include integration with renewable thermal sources up to 350°C and the ability to serve multiple end-users with varying power and temperature requirements. The market analysis section provides a comprehensive overview of the EU energy landscape, highlighting the increasing share of renewables (43.2% in 2022) and the pressing need to reduce dependency on imported fossil fuels. The REGEN-BY-2 technology aligns with EU policy goals, including the European Green Deal and the Renewable Energy Directive, by offering a solution that supports decarbonization, energy efficiency, and grid flexibility. From a commercial perspective, REGEN-BY-2 targets a broad range of applications, including data centers, hospitals, food retail, chemical and petrochemical industries, and emerging sectors such as electric vehicle manufacturing and biotechnology. Technology’s ability to operate efficiently across a wide range of thermal inputs and outputs makes it particularly suited for distributed energy systems and microgrids. The competitive landscape is populated by established players such as Ormat Technologies, Turboden, and Exergy, as well as emerging innovators like ElectraTherm and Recycled Energy Development. While these companies focus on Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems and waste heat recovery, REGEN-BY-2 differentiates itself through its unique thermodynamic cycle, compact design, and multi-vector energy output. The document also emphasizes the importance of strategic partnerships and integration with ongoing Horizon 2020 projects such as WEDISTRICT, RESTORE, and REWARDHeat. These collaborations offer opportunities to enhance REGEN-BY-2’s capabilities through advanced thermal storage, smart grid integration, and digital energy management systems.","author":[{"family":"Lavecchia","given":"Teresa"},{"family":"De Girolamo","given":"Vittorio"},{"family":"Briola","given":"Stefano"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20810968","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20810968","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20810969","type":"article-journal","title":"D7.3 Market Analysis","abstract":"The REGEN-BY-2 project, funded under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 program (Grant Agreement No. 851541), represents a pioneering initiative aimed at transforming the renewable energy landscape through the development of a novel multi-generation energy system. This system, enabled by two-phase fluid machines, is designed to convert a wide range of renewable thermal sources into electricity, heating, and cooling—offering a compact, efficient, and flexible solution for diverse energy needs across industrial and commercial sectors. At the heart of the project lies a patented thermodynamic cycle developed by TIFEO, which integrates two-phase compression and expansion processes to maximize energy conversion efficiency. The REGEN-BY-2 system is positioned as a Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power (CCHP) solution that surpasses traditional trigeneration systems by offering a fully integrated, all-in-one plant architecture. This innovation eliminates the inefficiencies of combining separate systems and introduces a new standard for compactness, modularity, and operational flexibility. The document provides an overview of the potential market of REGEN-by-2 technology and outlines the project's roadmap toward achieving the Technology Readiness Level 9 (TRL9) corresponding to a market-ready product by 2030. Starting from TRL2 at the project’s beginning in 2020, the REGEN-BY-2 system has progressed to TRL4 as of May 2025 (M57), with successful lab-scale validation of key components such as the two-phase expander and compressor. The roadmap details the intermediate steps required to reach TRL9, including pilot-scale demonstrations, system upscaling, certification, and market deployment. Strategic milestones include integration with renewable thermal sources up to 350°C and the ability to serve multiple end-users with varying power and temperature requirements. The market analysis section provides a comprehensive overview of the EU energy landscape, highlighting the increasing share of renewables (43.2% in 2022) and the pressing need to reduce dependency on imported fossil fuels. The REGEN-BY-2 technology aligns with EU policy goals, including the European Green Deal and the Renewable Energy Directive, by offering a solution that supports decarbonization, energy efficiency, and grid flexibility. From a commercial perspective, REGEN-BY-2 targets a broad range of applications, including data centers, hospitals, food retail, chemical and petrochemical industries, and emerging sectors such as electric vehicle manufacturing and biotechnology. Technology’s ability to operate efficiently across a wide range of thermal inputs and outputs makes it particularly suited for distributed energy systems and microgrids. The competitive landscape is populated by established players such as Ormat Technologies, Turboden, and Exergy, as well as emerging innovators like ElectraTherm and Recycled Energy Development. While these companies focus on Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems and waste heat recovery, REGEN-BY-2 differentiates itself through its unique thermodynamic cycle, compact design, and multi-vector energy output. The document also emphasizes the importance of strategic partnerships and integration with ongoing Horizon 2020 projects such as WEDISTRICT, RESTORE, and REWARDHeat. These collaborations offer opportunities to enhance REGEN-BY-2’s capabilities through advanced thermal storage, smart grid integration, and digital energy management systems.","author":[{"family":"Lavecchia","given":"Teresa"},{"family":"De Girolamo","given":"Vittorio"},{"family":"Briola","given":"Stefano"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20810969","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20810969","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20497722","type":"article-journal","title":"Access to Low-Carbon Energy Technologies in Nigeria: Status and Challenges","abstract":"Nigeria possesses vast low-carbon energy resources, such as solar, wind, biomass, hydro, and geothermal power. Despite this, the country struggles to ensure a stable electricity supply and widespread energy access. The adoption of low-carbon energy technologies is widely recognized as essential for economic growth and social progress. This study explores the enabling and limiting factors affecting the adoption of low-carbon energy technologies in Nigeria, the variety of renewable energy sources available, and the policies and regulations aimed at ensuring sustainable energy access. By reviewing relevant literature (2018–2025) on renewable and/or low-carbon energy technologies, with a focus on Nigeria, the study identifies key influences on sustainable energy access. The findings reveal that multiple interconnected factors, such as policy and regulatory frameworks, grid expansion costs, economic barriers, peer-to-peer energy trading, investment risks, pricing models, socio-cultural dynamics, technical limitations, poor maintenance, and a lack of skilled personnel, play a crucial role. The paper concludes by stressing the necessity of tailored incentives for specific low-carbon energy pathways and advocates pro-poor strategies to reduce inequality and combat energy poverty in Nigeria.","author":[{"family":"Aodu","given":"AB"},{"family":"Sanni","given":"Maruf"},{"family":"Akinwale","given":"YO"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20497722","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20497722","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20497723","type":"article-journal","title":"Access to Low-Carbon Energy Technologies in Nigeria: Status and Challenges","abstract":"Nigeria possesses vast low-carbon energy resources, such as solar, wind, biomass, hydro, and geothermal power. Despite this, the country struggles to ensure a stable electricity supply and widespread energy access. The adoption of low-carbon energy technologies is widely recognized as essential for economic growth and social progress. This study explores the enabling and limiting factors affecting the adoption of low-carbon energy technologies in Nigeria, the variety of renewable energy sources available, and the policies and regulations aimed at ensuring sustainable energy access. By reviewing relevant literature (2018–2025) on renewable and/or low-carbon energy technologies, with a focus on Nigeria, the study identifies key influences on sustainable energy access. The findings reveal that multiple interconnected factors, such as policy and regulatory frameworks, grid expansion costs, economic barriers, peer-to-peer energy trading, investment risks, pricing models, socio-cultural dynamics, technical limitations, poor maintenance, and a lack of skilled personnel, play a crucial role. The paper concludes by stressing the necessity of tailored incentives for specific low-carbon energy pathways and advocates pro-poor strategies to reduce inequality and combat energy poverty in Nigeria.","author":[{"family":"Aodu","given":"AB"},{"family":"Sanni","given":"Maruf"},{"family":"Akinwale","given":"YO"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20497723","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20497723","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20516524","type":"article-journal","title":"The Current State of International Standards and Conformity Assessment for Marine Energy","abstract":"The exponential rise in the development of Marine Energy technologies now makes it one of the fastest growing clean energy-production industries. An abundance of Marine Energy technologies and designs are available to harvest energy from clean, renewable resource and include Wave, Tidal Current, Ocean Current, and River Current, and Ocean Thermal Energy Converters (OTEC). The commercial success of emerging industries, such as Marine Energy, can be enhanced for investors, insurers, regulatory authorities, end users, and public stakeholders by adherence to international standards and conformity assessment processes, such as certification. Standards and certification ensure these systems are viable, reliable and efficient in terms of safety and performance. In 2007, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) established Technical Committee (TC) 114, “Marine energy – Wave, tidal and other water current converters”, to develop international standards for Marine Energy conversion systems to provide electrical energy and other outputs such as desalination and heat exchange. IEC international standards are developed through consensus by experts representing many countries, then approved and published by a globally recognized body. Standards comprise of rules, guidelines, processes, or characteristics that allow users to repeatedly achieve the same outcome. In 2014, the IEC Renewable Energy System (IECRE) was established to develop conformity assessment processes to enable internationally recognized certifications. The IECRE process for certification for any technology involves Verification and Validation. Verification is an assessment of a technology against a defined set of Standards or Codes through a design review. Validation is an assessment of a technology against the same set of Standards or Codes through testing. These activities are led by an IECRE accepted renewable energy certification body (RECB), often in conjunction with a test laboratory, also accepted by the IECRE. With regards to Marine Energy technologies, the IECRE is responsible for developing and managing a framework where these technologies can be independently Verified and Validated. For example, following the IEC 62600-4 Technical Specification for Technology Qualification, an RECB with a scope for delivering technology qualification services provides a gateway for these technologies to progress towards certification. This includes a robust assessment of the systems and subsystems of Marine Energy technologies, as well as the quality of integration between them and external technologies they are expected to interface with. IEC TC 114 and IECRE provide liaison with IEA-OES to collaborate on policy and development, as evidenced by the issue of the IEA-OES, IEC TC 114 and IECRE joint publication “Supporting Ocean Energy Technology Development and Commercialization: Coherent Application of Guidance, Standards and Certification”. This presentation will discuss progress to date in IEC international standards for Marine Energy and IECRE conformity assessment and certification. As of January 2025, IEC/TC 114 has over 200 Subject Matter Experts representing 18 participating member (P-Member) countries and 12 observer member (O-Member) countries and has published over 20 consensus-based Technical Specifications.","author":[{"family":"D'souza","given":"Winston"},{"family":"Williams","given":"Rick"},{"family":"Colby","given":"Jonathan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20516524","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20516524","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20516525","type":"article-journal","title":"The Current State of International Standards and Conformity Assessment for Marine Energy","abstract":"The exponential rise in the development of Marine Energy technologies now makes it one of the fastest growing clean energy-production industries. An abundance of Marine Energy technologies and designs are available to harvest energy from clean, renewable resource and include Wave, Tidal Current, Ocean Current, and River Current, and Ocean Thermal Energy Converters (OTEC). The commercial success of emerging industries, such as Marine Energy, can be enhanced for investors, insurers, regulatory authorities, end users, and public stakeholders by adherence to international standards and conformity assessment processes, such as certification. Standards and certification ensure these systems are viable, reliable and efficient in terms of safety and performance. In 2007, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) established Technical Committee (TC) 114, “Marine energy – Wave, tidal and other water current converters”, to develop international standards for Marine Energy conversion systems to provide electrical energy and other outputs such as desalination and heat exchange. IEC international standards are developed through consensus by experts representing many countries, then approved and published by a globally recognized body. Standards comprise of rules, guidelines, processes, or characteristics that allow users to repeatedly achieve the same outcome. In 2014, the IEC Renewable Energy System (IECRE) was established to develop conformity assessment processes to enable internationally recognized certifications. The IECRE process for certification for any technology involves Verification and Validation. Verification is an assessment of a technology against a defined set of Standards or Codes through a design review. Validation is an assessment of a technology against the same set of Standards or Codes through testing. These activities are led by an IECRE accepted renewable energy certification body (RECB), often in conjunction with a test laboratory, also accepted by the IECRE. With regards to Marine Energy technologies, the IECRE is responsible for developing and managing a framework where these technologies can be independently Verified and Validated. For example, following the IEC 62600-4 Technical Specification for Technology Qualification, an RECB with a scope for delivering technology qualification services provides a gateway for these technologies to progress towards certification. This includes a robust assessment of the systems and subsystems of Marine Energy technologies, as well as the quality of integration between them and external technologies they are expected to interface with. IEC TC 114 and IECRE provide liaison with IEA-OES to collaborate on policy and development, as evidenced by the issue of the IEA-OES, IEC TC 114 and IECRE joint publication “Supporting Ocean Energy Technology Development and Commercialization: Coherent Application of Guidance, Standards and Certification”. This presentation will discuss progress to date in IEC international standards for Marine Energy and IECRE conformity assessment and certification. As of January 2025, IEC/TC 114 has over 200 Subject Matter Experts representing 18 participating member (P-Member) countries and 12 observer member (O-Member) countries and has published over 20 consensus-based Technical Specifications.","author":[{"family":"D'souza","given":"Winston"},{"family":"Williams","given":"Rick"},{"family":"Colby","given":"Jonathan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20516525","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20516525","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21387909","type":"article-journal","title":"Advancements in Solar Energy Technologies and Their Multifaceted Applications: A Comprehensive Review Towards Sustainable Energy Transition","abstract":"Solar energy stands as one of the most promising renewable energy sources, offering a clean, abundant, and increasingly cost-effective alternative to fossil fuels. This review paper explores the fundamental principles, technological advancements, and diverse applications of solar energy systems, including photovoltaic (PV) and concentrated solar power (CSP) technologies. It examines global deployment trends, efficiency improvements, integration challenges, and sector-specific applications in electricity generation, heating, agriculture, transportation, desalination, and space exploration. Drawing on recent data (up to 2025-2026), the paper highlights how solar capacity has surged, with global PV installations exceeding 2 TW and record additions in 2025. Key barriers such as intermittency, land use, and grid integration are discussed alongside solutions like energy storage and hybrid systems. The review underscores solar energy's pivotal role in achieving sustainable development goals, projecting continued growth and innovation. Keywords: Solar energy, Photovoltaic (PV), Concentrated Solar Power (CSP), Renewable applications, Energy storage, Sustainable development, Agrivoltaics, Desalination.","author":[{"family":"Nimbalagundi","given":"SM"},{"family":"Poleshi","given":"SN"},{"family":"Bagawan","given":"AS"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21387909","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21387909","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21387910","type":"article-journal","title":"Advancements in Solar Energy Technologies and Their Multifaceted Applications: A Comprehensive Review Towards Sustainable Energy Transition","abstract":"Solar energy stands as one of the most promising renewable energy sources, offering a clean, abundant, and increasingly cost-effective alternative to fossil fuels. This review paper explores the fundamental principles, technological advancements, and diverse applications of solar energy systems, including photovoltaic (PV) and concentrated solar power (CSP) technologies. It examines global deployment trends, efficiency improvements, integration challenges, and sector-specific applications in electricity generation, heating, agriculture, transportation, desalination, and space exploration. Drawing on recent data (up to 2025-2026), the paper highlights how solar capacity has surged, with global PV installations exceeding 2 TW and record additions in 2025. Key barriers such as intermittency, land use, and grid integration are discussed alongside solutions like energy storage and hybrid systems. The review underscores solar energy's pivotal role in achieving sustainable development goals, projecting continued growth and innovation. Keywords: Solar energy, Photovoltaic (PV), Concentrated Solar Power (CSP), Renewable applications, Energy storage, Sustainable development, Agrivoltaics, Desalination.","author":[{"family":"Nimbalagundi","given":"SM"},{"family":"Poleshi","given":"SN"},{"family":"Bagawan","given":"AS"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21387910","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21387910","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21428249","type":"article-journal","title":"EcoCleanFuel: A sustainable approach to oil spill clean-up and biodiesel production in navigable waterways, with a focus on the Danube River","abstract":"Navigable waterways, including the Danube River, are vital for global transportation and commerce, yet face growing threats from oil pollution caused by intensive maritime traffic. Oil contamination endangers aquatic ecosystems and human livelihoods, necessitating innovative and sustainable clean-up solutions. This study presents the design and testing of an autonomous or semi-autonomous solar-powered boat capable of collecting oil spills and converting the recovered oil into biodiesel. The boat is equipped with floating collection arms, an oil-water separator, a filtration system, and a hybrid solar-electric propulsion unit for energy-efficient and environmentally friendly operation. Field tests were conducted on the Danube River near Călărași, an area frequently exposed to oil pollution from commercial vessels. Performance was evaluated based on oil recovery volume, system efficiency, and improvements in water quality. Results showed that the boat could collect up to 90% of surface oil, with oil-water separation and filtration efficiencies exceeding 95% and 98%, respectively. Water quality improved notably after intervention, with higher dissolved oxygen levels and reduced turbidity and oil concentration. In conclusion, the integration of renewable energy with autonomous oil recovery technology offers a scalable and eco-friendly approach to water pollution control. This system not only addresses environmental degradation but also contributes to the circular economy by transforming waste into clean fuel. Its deployment in busy waterways like the Danube has the potential to significantly reduce ecological harm and support sustainable river management.","author":[{"family":"Itu","given":"Razvan"},{"family":"Soica","given":"Alexandra"},{"family":"Marc","given":"Bogdan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21428249","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21428249","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21428250","type":"article-journal","title":"EcoCleanFuel: A sustainable approach to oil spill clean-up and biodiesel production in navigable waterways, with a focus on the Danube River","abstract":"Navigable waterways, including the Danube River, are vital for global transportation and commerce, yet face growing threats from oil pollution caused by intensive maritime traffic. Oil contamination endangers aquatic ecosystems and human livelihoods, necessitating innovative and sustainable clean-up solutions. This study presents the design and testing of an autonomous or semi-autonomous solar-powered boat capable of collecting oil spills and converting the recovered oil into biodiesel. The boat is equipped with floating collection arms, an oil-water separator, a filtration system, and a hybrid solar-electric propulsion unit for energy-efficient and environmentally friendly operation. Field tests were conducted on the Danube River near Călărași, an area frequently exposed to oil pollution from commercial vessels. Performance was evaluated based on oil recovery volume, system efficiency, and improvements in water quality. Results showed that the boat could collect up to 90% of surface oil, with oil-water separation and filtration efficiencies exceeding 95% and 98%, respectively. Water quality improved notably after intervention, with higher dissolved oxygen levels and reduced turbidity and oil concentration. In conclusion, the integration of renewable energy with autonomous oil recovery technology offers a scalable and eco-friendly approach to water pollution control. This system not only addresses environmental degradation but also contributes to the circular economy by transforming waste into clean fuel. Its deployment in busy waterways like the Danube has the potential to significantly reduce ecological harm and support sustainable river management.","author":[{"family":"Itu","given":"Razvan"},{"family":"Soica","given":"Alexandra"},{"family":"Marc","given":"Bogdan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21428250","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21428250","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21903200","type":"article-journal","title":"Comprehensive Review On Fuel Cells and Renewable Hydrogen","abstract":"Fuel cells and renewable hydrogen technologies are key enablers for the global transition to carbon neutrality and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7) on affordable, reliable, sustainable and clean energy for all. The status, engineering challenges, and future prospects of these technologies are reviewed herein. This work is motivated by the imperative to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels, which contribute about 73% of global greenhouse gas emissions and are inconsistent with international climate goals. There has been a lot of investment in solar and wind energy, but sectors that are hard to decarbonize, such as heavy industry, long-haul transportation, maritime shipping and seasonal grid storage, continue to pose decarbonization challenges. Fuel cells and renewable hydrogen are seen as promising solutions for these challenges. The review is a holistic narrative synthesis of peer-reviewed studies, institutional roadmaps, and techno-economic analyses published between 2000 and 2025. The article discusses the basic electrochemical principles of fuel cells and water electrolysis. The article discusses five main types of fuel cells: PEMFC, AFC, PAFC, MCFC, and SOFC. The article evaluates the efficiency, cost, durability, and applicability of fuel cells. We also discuss renewable hydrogen production pathways (electrolysis, thermochemical conversion, and biological methods), hydrogen storage and distribution technologies, and key material and engineering bottlenecks, against the backdrop of global energy transition policies and Nigeria’s energy access challenges under SDG 7. PEMFCs are preferred for transportation due to high power density and fast start-up while SOFCs are preferred for stationary combined heat and power applications, the review finds. Nevertheless, commercialization is still hampered by the high cost of green hydrogen production, low round-trip energy efficiency, membrane degradation, instability of platinum-group metal catalysts, iridium scarcity, and lack of refueling infrastructure. We highlight a key gap in the literature, where existing work is still fragmented and technology specific, and lacks a holistic framework for the comparative integration of hydrogen production, storage, distribution and end-use systems – especially in a sub-Saharan African context. The review is also limited by the absence of detailed geopolitical analysis, coverage of nuclear hydrogen production, safety regulatory assessment and full lifecycle evaluations of commercial systems. The paper concludes that renewable hydrogen and fuel cells are complementary and essential technologies for SDG 7 and Net Zero 2050 and highlights the need for advances in materials science, infrastructure building and cost reduction to enable sustainable large-scale deployment.","author":[{"family":"Adeleye","given":"SA"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21903200","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21903200","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21903201","type":"article-journal","title":"Comprehensive Review On Fuel Cells and Renewable Hydrogen","abstract":"Fuel cells and renewable hydrogen technologies are key enablers for the global transition to carbon neutrality and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7) on affordable, reliable, sustainable and clean energy for all. The status, engineering challenges, and future prospects of these technologies are reviewed herein. This work is motivated by the imperative to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels, which contribute about 73% of global greenhouse gas emissions and are inconsistent with international climate goals. There has been a lot of investment in solar and wind energy, but sectors that are hard to decarbonize, such as heavy industry, long-haul transportation, maritime shipping and seasonal grid storage, continue to pose decarbonization challenges. Fuel cells and renewable hydrogen are seen as promising solutions for these challenges. The review is a holistic narrative synthesis of peer-reviewed studies, institutional roadmaps, and techno-economic analyses published between 2000 and 2025. The article discusses the basic electrochemical principles of fuel cells and water electrolysis. The article discusses five main types of fuel cells: PEMFC, AFC, PAFC, MCFC, and SOFC. The article evaluates the efficiency, cost, durability, and applicability of fuel cells. We also discuss renewable hydrogen production pathways (electrolysis, thermochemical conversion, and biological methods), hydrogen storage and distribution technologies, and key material and engineering bottlenecks, against the backdrop of global energy transition policies and Nigeria’s energy access challenges under SDG 7. PEMFCs are preferred for transportation due to high power density and fast start-up while SOFCs are preferred for stationary combined heat and power applications, the review finds. Nevertheless, commercialization is still hampered by the high cost of green hydrogen production, low round-trip energy efficiency, membrane degradation, instability of platinum-group metal catalysts, iridium scarcity, and lack of refueling infrastructure. We highlight a key gap in the literature, where existing work is still fragmented and technology specific, and lacks a holistic framework for the comparative integration of hydrogen production, storage, distribution and end-use systems – especially in a sub-Saharan African context. The review is also limited by the absence of detailed geopolitical analysis, coverage of nuclear hydrogen production, safety regulatory assessment and full lifecycle evaluations of commercial systems. The paper concludes that renewable hydrogen and fuel cells are complementary and essential technologies for SDG 7 and Net Zero 2050 and highlights the need for advances in materials science, infrastructure building and cost reduction to enable sustainable large-scale deployment.","author":[{"family":"Adeleye","given":"SA"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21903201","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21903201","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.18033570","type":"article-journal","title":"PyPSA-Earth Databundle","abstract":"Input Data for the PyPSA-Earth Model for Modelling the Energy System of Any Region on Earth Description This record provides the PyPSA-Earth Databundle, a curated collection of research-grade input datasets required to run the PyPSA-Earth energy system model at high spatial and temporal resolution. This databundle is intended for research and modelling applications and has global coverage. It contains harmonised geospatial, climate, environmental, and socio-economic datasets prepared for integration into the PyPSA-Earth workflow. This repository contains the data that must be placed in the data folder of the PyPSA-Earth repository, whereas pre-compiled weather datasets intended for the cutouts folder are stored in separate Zenodo repositories or can be generated autonomously using the PyPSA-Earth model. Please note that there is also a tutorial databundle with reduced spatial coverage intended for tutorial and testing applications. PyPSA-Earth is an open-source, sector-coupled global energy system modelling framework built on PyPSA and developed within the PyPSA meets Earth initiative. Documentation: https://pypsa-earth.readthedocs.ioRepository: https://github.com/pypsa-meets-earth/pypsa-earthMethodology: Parzen M., Abdel-Khalek H., Fedotova E., Mahmood M., Frysztacki M.M., Hampp J., Franken L., Schumm L., Neumann F., Poli D., Kiprakis A., Fioriti D.. PyPSA-Earth. A new global open energy system optimization model demonstrated in Africa. Applied Energy 2023; 341. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2023. 121096. Included Data The databundle includes the following datasets: Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ)data/eez/eez_v11.gpkgSource: Marine RegionsLicense: CC-BYLicense information: https://www.marineregions.org/disclaimer.php Global Bathymetry (GEBCO 2025)data/gebco/GEBCO_2025_sub_ice.ncSource: GEBCOLicense: Public DomainLicense information: https://www.gebco.net/data-products-gridded-bathymetry-data/gebco2025-grid Global Land Cover (PROBA-V LC100)data/copernicus/PROBAV_LC100_global_v3.0.1_2019-nrt_Discrete-Classification-map_EPSG-4326.tifLicense: CC-BY-4.0Zenodo record: https://zenodo.org/records/3939050 Electricity Demand Data (GlobalEnergyGIS)data/ssp2-2.6/*Generated for PyPSA-Earth using GlobalEnergyGIS: https://github.com/niclasmattsson/GlobalEnergyGISReference: Mattsson N, Verendel V, Hedenus F, Reichenberg L. An autopilot for energy models – Automatic generation of renewable supply curves, hourly capacity factors and hourly synthetic electricity demand for arbitrary world regions. Energy Strategy Rev 2021 Gridded GDP datasetdata/GDP/GDP_PPP_1990_2015_5arcmin_v2.tifLicense: Creative Commons Zero (CC0 1.0 Universal)Reference: Kummu, M., Taka, M., & Guillaume, J. H. A. (2020), Gridded global datasets for Gross Domestic Product and Human Development Index over 1990–2015*.Dataset link: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.dk1j0 Protected Areasdata/natura.tiffLicense: Creative Commons Zero (CC0 1.0 Universal)Dataset link: Sosa Arango, C. C. (2020). Protected areas (WDPA). Harvard Dataverse. https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/XIV9BLData paper: Khoury, C. K., et al. (2019). Data for the calculation of an indicator of the comprehensiveness of conservation of useful wild plants. Data in Brief, 22, 90–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2018.11.125 Licensing All datasets retain their original licences (CC-BY, CC-BY-4.0, CC0 1.0 Universal, or Public Domain).Processed and harmonised derivatives distributed here comply with upstream licence terms. Users are responsible for complying with the original licences and citation requirements of each dataset. A licence overview is available at:https://pypsa-earth.readthedocs.io/en/latest/introduction.html#license","author":[{"family":"Pypsameetsearth"},{"family":"Hampp","given":"Johannes"},{"family":"Nitschke","given":"Eric"},{"family":"Parzen","given":"Maximilian"},{"family":"Fioriti","given":"Davide"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.18033570","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18033570","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.18033571","type":"article-journal","title":"PyPSA-Earth Databundle","abstract":"Input Data for the PyPSA-Earth Model for Modelling the Energy System of Any Region on Earth Description This record provides the PyPSA-Earth Databundle, a curated collection of research-grade input datasets required to run the PyPSA-Earth energy system model at high spatial and temporal resolution. This databundle is intended for research and modelling applications and has global coverage. It contains harmonised geospatial, climate, environmental, and socio-economic datasets prepared for integration into the PyPSA-Earth workflow. This repository contains the data that must be placed in the data folder of the PyPSA-Earth repository, whereas pre-compiled weather datasets intended for the cutouts folder are stored in separate Zenodo repositories or can be generated autonomously using the PyPSA-Earth model. Please note that there is also a tutorial databundle with reduced spatial coverage intended for tutorial and testing applications. PyPSA-Earth is an open-source, sector-coupled global energy system modelling framework built on PyPSA and developed within the PyPSA meets Earth initiative. Documentation: https://pypsa-earth.readthedocs.ioRepository: https://github.com/pypsa-meets-earth/pypsa-earthMethodology: Parzen M., Abdel-Khalek H., Fedotova E., Mahmood M., Frysztacki M.M., Hampp J., Franken L., Schumm L., Neumann F., Poli D., Kiprakis A., Fioriti D.. PyPSA-Earth. A new global open energy system optimization model demonstrated in Africa. Applied Energy 2023; 341. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2023. 121096. Included Data The databundle includes the following datasets: Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ)data/eez/eez_v11.gpkgSource: Marine RegionsLicense: CC-BYLicense information: https://www.marineregions.org/disclaimer.php Global Bathymetry (GEBCO 2025)data/gebco/GEBCO_2025_sub_ice.ncSource: GEBCOLicense: Public DomainLicense information: https://www.gebco.net/data-products-gridded-bathymetry-data/gebco2025-grid Global Land Cover (PROBA-V LC100)data/copernicus/PROBAV_LC100_global_v3.0.1_2019-nrt_Discrete-Classification-map_EPSG-4326.tifLicense: CC-BY-4.0Zenodo record: https://zenodo.org/records/3939050 Electricity Demand Data (GlobalEnergyGIS)data/ssp2-2.6/*Generated for PyPSA-Earth using GlobalEnergyGIS: https://github.com/niclasmattsson/GlobalEnergyGISReference: Mattsson N, Verendel V, Hedenus F, Reichenberg L. An autopilot for energy models – Automatic generation of renewable supply curves, hourly capacity factors and hourly synthetic electricity demand for arbitrary world regions. Energy Strategy Rev 2021 Gridded GDP datasetdata/GDP/GDP_PPP_1990_2015_5arcmin_v2.tifLicense: Creative Commons Zero (CC0 1.0 Universal)Reference: Kummu, M., Taka, M., & Guillaume, J. H. A. (2020), Gridded global datasets for Gross Domestic Product and Human Development Index over 1990–2015*.Dataset link: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.dk1j0 Protected Areasdata/natura.tiffLicense: Creative Commons Zero (CC0 1.0 Universal)Dataset link: Sosa Arango, C. C. (2020). Protected areas (WDPA). Harvard Dataverse. https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/XIV9BLData paper: Khoury, C. K., et al. (2019). Data for the calculation of an indicator of the comprehensiveness of conservation of useful wild plants. Data in Brief, 22, 90–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2018.11.125 Licensing All datasets retain their original licences (CC-BY, CC-BY-4.0, CC0 1.0 Universal, or Public Domain).Processed and harmonised derivatives distributed here comply with upstream licence terms. Users are responsible for complying with the original licences and citation requirements of each dataset. A licence overview is available at:https://pypsa-earth.readthedocs.io/en/latest/introduction.html#license","author":[{"family":"Pypsameetsearth"},{"family":"Hampp","given":"Johannes"},{"family":"Nitschke","given":"Eric"},{"family":"Parzen","given":"Maximilian"},{"family":"Fioriti","given":"Davide"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.18033571","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18033571","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.18032586","type":"article-journal","title":"PyPSA-Earth Tutorial Databundle","abstract":"Input Data for the PyPSA-Earth Tutorial Workflow Description This record provides the PyPSA-Earth Tutorial Databundle, a minimal and curated collection of datasets required to execute the testing and tutorial versions of the PyPSA-Earth workflow. This databundle is not intended for full-scale modelling or research applications. It contains reduced, derived, or artificial datasets that can be used for the following purposes: Testing and verifying the workflow Running tutorial examples Exploring the modelling pipeline The data included here are for educational and workflow demonstration purposes only and are not necessarily representative of real-world conditions. PyPSA-Earth is an open-source, sector-coupled global energy system modelling framework built on PyPSA and developed within the PyPSA meets Earth initiative. Documentation: https://pypsa-earth.readthedocs.ioRepository: https://github.com/pypsa-meets-earth/pypsa-earthMethodology: Parzen M., Abdel-Khalek H., Fedotova E., Mahmood M., Frysztacki M.M., Hampp J., Franken L., Schumm L., Neumann F., Poli D., Kiprakis A., Fioriti D.. PyPSA-Earth. A new global open energy system optimization model demonstrated in Africa. Applied Energy 2023; 341. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2023. 121096. Included Data The tutorial databundle includes subsets of the following datasets: Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ)data/eez/eez_v11.gpkgSource: Marine RegionsLicense: CC-BYLicense information: https://www.marineregions.org/disclaimer.php Global Bathymetry (GEBCO 2025)data/gebco/GEBCO_2025_sub_ice.ncSource: GEBCOLicense: Public DomainLicense information: https://www.gebco.net/data-products-gridded-bathymetry-data/gebco2025-grid Global Land Cover (PROBA-V LC100)data/copernicus/PROBAV_LC100_global_v3.0.1_2019-nrt_Discrete-Classification-map_EPSG-4326.tifLicense: CC-BY-4.0Zenodo record: https://zenodo.org/records/3939050 Raw Protected Areasdata/landcover/world_protected_areas/*License: CC0Note: This dataset is not representative and is included solely to test workflow functionality. It is used to test the creation of the file natura.tiff used by the workflow ERA5 Climate Cutoutcutout/cutout-2013-era5-tutorial.ncDerived from ERA5 (Copernicus Climate Data Store)License: CC-BY-4.0Dataset link: https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/reanalysis-era5-single-levels Demand Data (GlobalEnergyGIS)data/ssp2-2.6/*Generated for PyPSA-Earth tutorial execution using GlobalEnergyGIS: https://github.com/niclasmattsson/GlobalEnergyGISReference: Mattsson N, Verendel V, Hedenus F, Reichenberg L. An autopilot for energy models – Automatic generation of renewable supply curves, hourly capacity factors and hourly synthetic electricity demand for arbitrary world regions. Energy Strategy Rev 2021 Administrative Boundaries (GeoBoundaries-derived)data/gadm/*Retrieved and adapted from GeoBoundaries.Provided as reduced samples for tutorial purposes.GeoBoundaries website: https://www.geoboundaries.orgReference: Runfola, D. et al. (2020) geoBoundaries: A global database of political administrative boundaries. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231866. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231866 Gridded GDP datasetdata/GDP/GDP_PPP_1990_2015_5arcmin_v2.tifLicense: Creative Commons Zero (CC0 1.0 Universal)Reference: Kummu, M., Taka, M., & Guillaume, J. H. A. (2020), Gridded global datasets for Gross Domestic Product and Human Development Index over 1990–2015*.Dataset link: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.dk1j0 Global Buildings datasetdata/global_buildings/{BJ/NG}_global_buildings_raw.parquetRetrieved and adapted from https://github.com/microsoft/GlobalMLBuildingFootprintsLicense: Community Data License Agreement – Permissive – Version 2.0Dataset link: https://github.com/microsoft/GlobalMLBuildingFootprints Derived Hydrography of Africadata/hydrobasins_hydroshare/global_buildings/africa-geoglows-catchment.*Reference: Brigham Young University, Ashby, K., Nelson, J., Ames, D. (2026). Derived Hydrography of Africa, HydroShare, https://doi.org/10.4211/hs.121bb","author":[{"family":"Pypsameetsearth"},{"family":"Akhmetov","given":"Yerbol"},{"family":"Hampp","given":"Johannes"},{"family":"Andreyana","given":"Arsyan"},{"family":"Nitschke","given":"Eric"},{"family":"Parzen","given":"Maximilian"},{"family":"Giubilato","given":"Denise"},{"family":"Fioriti","given":"Davide"},{"family":"Fedotova","given":"Ekaterina"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.18032586","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18032586","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.18032587","type":"article-journal","title":"PyPSA-Earth Tutorial Databundle","abstract":"Input Data for the PyPSA-Earth Tutorial Workflow Description This record provides the PyPSA-Earth Tutorial Databundle, a minimal and curated collection of datasets required to execute the testing and tutorial versions of the PyPSA-Earth workflow. This databundle is not intended for full-scale modelling or research applications. It contains reduced, derived, or artificial datasets that can be used for the following purposes: Testing and verifying the workflow Running tutorial examples Exploring the modelling pipeline The data included here are for educational and workflow demonstration purposes only and are not necessarily representative of real-world conditions. PyPSA-Earth is an open-source, sector-coupled global energy system modelling framework built on PyPSA and developed within the PyPSA meets Earth initiative. Documentation: https://pypsa-earth.readthedocs.ioRepository: https://github.com/pypsa-meets-earth/pypsa-earthMethodology: Parzen M., Abdel-Khalek H., Fedotova E., Mahmood M., Frysztacki M.M., Hampp J., Franken L., Schumm L., Neumann F., Poli D., Kiprakis A., Fioriti D.. PyPSA-Earth. A new global open energy system optimization model demonstrated in Africa. Applied Energy 2023; 341. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2023. 121096. Included Data The tutorial databundle includes subsets of the following datasets: Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ)data/eez/eez_v11.gpkgSource: Marine RegionsLicense: CC-BYLicense information: https://www.marineregions.org/disclaimer.php Global Bathymetry (GEBCO 2025)data/gebco/GEBCO_2025_sub_ice.ncSource: GEBCOLicense: Public DomainLicense information: https://www.gebco.net/data-products-gridded-bathymetry-data/gebco2025-grid Global Land Cover (PROBA-V LC100)data/copernicus/PROBAV_LC100_global_v3.0.1_2019-nrt_Discrete-Classification-map_EPSG-4326.tifLicense: CC-BY-4.0Zenodo record: https://zenodo.org/records/3939050 Raw Protected Areasdata/landcover/world_protected_areas/*License: CC0Note: This dataset is not representative and is included solely to test workflow functionality. It is used to test the creation of the file natura.tiff used by the workflow ERA5 Climate Cutoutcutout/cutout-2013-era5-tutorial.ncDerived from ERA5 (Copernicus Climate Data Store)License: CC-BY-4.0Dataset link: https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/reanalysis-era5-single-levels Demand Data (GlobalEnergyGIS)data/ssp2-2.6/*Generated for PyPSA-Earth tutorial execution using GlobalEnergyGIS: https://github.com/niclasmattsson/GlobalEnergyGISReference: Mattsson N, Verendel V, Hedenus F, Reichenberg L. An autopilot for energy models – Automatic generation of renewable supply curves, hourly capacity factors and hourly synthetic electricity demand for arbitrary world regions. Energy Strategy Rev 2021 Administrative Boundaries (GeoBoundaries-derived)data/gadm/*Retrieved and adapted from GeoBoundaries.Provided as reduced samples for tutorial purposes.GeoBoundaries website: https://www.geoboundaries.orgReference: Runfola, D. et al. (2020) geoBoundaries: A global database of political administrative boundaries. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231866. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231866 Gridded GDP datasetdata/GDP/GDP_PPP_1990_2015_5arcmin_v2.tifLicense: Creative Commons Zero (CC0 1.0 Universal)Reference: Kummu, M., Taka, M., & Guillaume, J. H. A. (2020), Gridded global datasets for Gross Domestic Product and Human Development Index over 1990–2015*.Dataset link: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.dk1j0 Global Buildings datasetdata/global_buildings/{BJ/NG}_global_buildings_raw.parquetRetrieved and adapted from https://github.com/microsoft/GlobalMLBuildingFootprintsLicense: Community Data License Agreement – Permissive – Version 2.0Dataset link: https://github.com/microsoft/GlobalMLBuildingFootprints Derived Hydrography of Africadata/hydrobasins_hydroshare/global_buildings/africa-geoglows-catchment.*Reference: Brigham Young University, Ashby, K., Nelson, J., Ames, D. (2026). Derived Hydrography of Africa, HydroShare, https://doi.org/10.4211/hs.121bb","author":[{"family":"Pypsameetsearth"},{"family":"Akhmetov","given":"Yerbol"},{"family":"Hampp","given":"Johannes"},{"family":"Andreyana","given":"Arsyan"},{"family":"Nitschke","given":"Eric"},{"family":"Parzen","given":"Maximilian"},{"family":"Giubilato","given":"Denise"},{"family":"Fioriti","given":"Davide"},{"family":"Fedotova","given":"Ekaterina"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.18032587","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18032587","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21903226","type":"article-journal","title":"Comprehensive Review On Fuel Cells and Renewable Hydrogen","abstract":"Fuel cells and renewable hydrogen technologies are key enablers for the global transition to carbon neutrality and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7) on affordable, reliable, sustainable and clean energy for all. The status, engineering challenges, and future prospects of these technologies are reviewed herein. This work is motivated by the imperative to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels, which contribute about 73% of global greenhouse gas emissions and are inconsistent with international climate goals. There has been a lot of investment in solar and wind energy, but sectors that are hard to decarbonize, such as heavy industry, long-haul transportation, maritime shipping and seasonal grid storage, continue to pose decarbonization challenges. Fuel cells and renewable hydrogen are seen as promising solutions for these challenges. The review is a holistic narrative synthesis of peer-reviewed studies, institutional roadmaps, and techno-economic analyses published between 2000 and 2025. The article discusses the basic electrochemical principles of fuel cells and water electrolysis. The article discusses five main types of fuel cells: PEMFC, AFC, PAFC, MCFC, and SOFC. The article evaluates the efficiency, cost, durability, and applicability of fuel cells. We also discuss renewable hydrogen production pathways (electrolysis, thermochemical conversion, and biological methods), hydrogen storage and distribution technologies, and key material and engineering bottlenecks, against the backdrop of global energy transition policies and Nigeria's energy access challenges under SDG 7. PEMFCs are preferred for transportation due to high power density and fast start-up while SOFCs are preferred for stationary combined heat and power applications, the review finds. Nevertheless, commercialization is still hampered by the high cost of green hydrogen production, low round-trip energy efficiency, membrane degradation, instability of platinum-group metal catalysts, iridium scarcity, and lack of refueling infrastructure. We highlight a key gap in the literature, where existing work is still fragmented and technology specific, and lacks a holistic framework for the comparative integration of hydrogen production, storage, distribution and end-use systems – especially in a sub-Saharan African context. The review is also limited by the absence of detailed geopolitical analysis, coverage of nuclear hydrogen production, safety regulatory assessment and full lifecycle evaluations of commercial systems. The paper concludes that renewable hydrogen and fuel cells are complementary and essential technologies for SDG 7 and Net Zero 2050 and highlights the need for advances in materials science, infrastructure building and cost reduction to enable sustainable large-scale deployment.","author":[{"family":"Adeleye"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21903226","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21903226","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21903225","type":"article-journal","title":"Comprehensive Review On Fuel Cells and Renewable Hydrogen","abstract":"Fuel cells and renewable hydrogen technologies are key enablers for the global transition to carbon neutrality and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7) on affordable, reliable, sustainable and clean energy for all. The status, engineering challenges, and future prospects of these technologies are reviewed herein. This work is motivated by the imperative to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels, which contribute about 73% of global greenhouse gas emissions and are inconsistent with international climate goals. There has been a lot of investment in solar and wind energy, but sectors that are hard to decarbonize, such as heavy industry, long-haul transportation, maritime shipping and seasonal grid storage, continue to pose decarbonization challenges. Fuel cells and renewable hydrogen are seen as promising solutions for these challenges. The review is a holistic narrative synthesis of peer-reviewed studies, institutional roadmaps, and techno-economic analyses published between 2000 and 2025. The article discusses the basic electrochemical principles of fuel cells and water electrolysis. The article discusses five main types of fuel cells: PEMFC, AFC, PAFC, MCFC, and SOFC. The article evaluates the efficiency, cost, durability, and applicability of fuel cells. We also discuss renewable hydrogen production pathways (electrolysis, thermochemical conversion, and biological methods), hydrogen storage and distribution technologies, and key material and engineering bottlenecks, against the backdrop of global energy transition policies and Nigeria's energy access challenges under SDG 7. PEMFCs are preferred for transportation due to high power density and fast start-up while SOFCs are preferred for stationary combined heat and power applications, the review finds. Nevertheless, commercialization is still hampered by the high cost of green hydrogen production, low round-trip energy efficiency, membrane degradation, instability of platinum-group metal catalysts, iridium scarcity, and lack of refueling infrastructure. We highlight a key gap in the literature, where existing work is still fragmented and technology specific, and lacks a holistic framework for the comparative integration of hydrogen production, storage, distribution and end-use systems – especially in a sub-Saharan African context. The review is also limited by the absence of detailed geopolitical analysis, coverage of nuclear hydrogen production, safety regulatory assessment and full lifecycle evaluations of commercial systems. The paper concludes that renewable hydrogen and fuel cells are complementary and essential technologies for SDG 7 and Net Zero 2050 and highlights the need for advances in materials science, infrastructure building and cost reduction to enable sustainable large-scale deployment.","author":[{"family":"Adeleye"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21903225","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21903225","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21354209","type":"article-journal","title":"Supplementary data for \"Low-Carbon Operation of EV-Integrated Renewable Energy Systems via Dynamic Pricing and Ladder-Type Carbon Trading\"","abstract":"This dataset contains the supplementary materials supporting the manuscript entitled “Low-Carbon Operation of EV-Integrated Renewable Energy Systems via Dynamic Pricing and Ladder-Type Carbon Trading”. The archive includes: (1) 24-hour input data for the transition-season case study, including electric, heat, and cooling loads, wind power forecast, photovoltaic power forecast, and time-of-use electricity prices; (2) principal model parameters for the integrated energy system, including device capacities, storage parameters, carbon-emission and carbon-quota parameters, electric vehicle parameters, demand response parameters, and particle swarm optimization settings; (3) reported scenario-comparison results corresponding to the tables and figures presented in the manuscript. These materials are provided to support transparency and reproducibility of the reported simulation results.","author":[{"family":"Qian","given":"Cheng"},{"family":"Yao","given":"Xiangxing"},{"family":"Guo","given":"Minghao"},{"family":"Yang","given":"Moucun"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21354209","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21354209","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21354210","type":"article-journal","title":"Supplementary data for \"Low-Carbon Operation of EV-Integrated Renewable Energy Systems via Dynamic Pricing and Ladder-Type Carbon Trading\"","abstract":"This dataset contains the supplementary materials supporting the manuscript entitled “Low-Carbon Operation of EV-Integrated Renewable Energy Systems via Dynamic Pricing and Ladder-Type Carbon Trading”. The archive includes: (1) 24-hour input data for the transition-season case study, including electric, heat, and cooling loads, wind power forecast, photovoltaic power forecast, and time-of-use electricity prices; (2) principal model parameters for the integrated energy system, including device capacities, storage parameters, carbon-emission and carbon-quota parameters, electric vehicle parameters, demand response parameters, and particle swarm optimization settings; (3) reported scenario-comparison results corresponding to the tables and figures presented in the manuscript. These materials are provided to support transparency and reproducibility of the reported simulation results.","author":[{"family":"Qian","given":"Cheng"},{"family":"Yao","given":"Xiangxing"},{"family":"Guo","given":"Minghao"},{"family":"Yang","given":"Moucun"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21354210","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21354210","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20297793","type":"article-journal","title":"Reproducibility package — Multivariable analysis for biomass transportation cost: a new formulation based on a systematic review of prior cost formulations","abstract":"Reproducibility package for the manuscript \"Multivariable analysis for biomass transportation cost: a new formulation based on a systematic review of prior cost formulations\" (Lara-Montaño et al., 2026, submitted to Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews). Contents: (i) the PRISMA-2020 internal protocol and decision log; (ii) the raw and merged Scopus and Web of Science exports; (iii) Rayyan screening exports with tiebreaker resolutions and the list of 21 eligible-but-not-retrieved papers; (iv) the structured extraction of 252 papers in 71 fields per paper, including a 20-column binary matrix encoding the structural ingredients of each cost model; (v) the post-audit working CSV after two-pass unit-consistency audit and PPP normalisation to international USD 2026; (vi) the World Bank PPP/FX series used as input for the currency normalisation; (vii) 27 Python scripts implementing the full analysis pipeline (descriptive, density-regime test, HIC vs non-HIC test, Option A reference cells, Option B log-log regression with Block A robustness battery, cost decomposition into fixed + per-km components, physics-based techno-economic reconstruction and scope-ratio regression, Cohen's κ pilot); (viii) a shell driver (reproduce.sh) that assembles the working layout, runs the 17 essential pipeline steps with fixed seeds, and copies regenerated outputs back to the deposit; (ix) the canonical numeric outputs consumed by every claim in the manuscript, persisted as JSON, with a frozen reference snapshot under results_reference/ for byte-exact regression testing; (x) the 11 manuscript figures (Fig. 1-3 plus Fig. 4-11 produced by the pipeline) as vector PDFs, plus exploratory variants. The pipeline is idempotent — random seeds are fixed (seed = 42 for bootstrap and k-fold cross-validation) — and runs end-to-end in approximately 3 minutes on a 2023 Apple M2 laptop.","author":[{"family":"Lara Montaño","given":"Oscar"},{"family":"Tauro","given":"Raul"},{"family":"Martínez-Guido","given":"Sergio"},{"family":"Santibañez-Aguilar","given":"Jose"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20297793","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20297793","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20297794","type":"article-journal","title":"Reproducibility package — Multivariable analysis for biomass transportation cost: a new formulation based on a systematic review of prior cost formulations","abstract":"Reproducibility package for the manuscript \"Multivariable analysis for biomass transportation cost: a new formulation based on a systematic review of prior cost formulations\" (Lara-Montaño et al., 2026, submitted to Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews). Contents: (i) the PRISMA-2020 internal protocol and decision log; (ii) the raw and merged Scopus and Web of Science exports; (iii) Rayyan screening exports with tiebreaker resolutions and the list of 21 eligible-but-not-retrieved papers; (iv) the structured extraction of 252 papers in 71 fields per paper, including a 20-column binary matrix encoding the structural ingredients of each cost model; (v) the post-audit working CSV after two-pass unit-consistency audit and PPP normalisation to international USD 2026; (vi) the World Bank PPP/FX series used as input for the currency normalisation; (vii) 27 Python scripts implementing the full analysis pipeline (descriptive, density-regime test, HIC vs non-HIC test, Option A reference cells, Option B log-log regression with Block A robustness battery, cost decomposition into fixed + per-km components, physics-based techno-economic reconstruction and scope-ratio regression, Cohen's κ pilot); (viii) a shell driver (reproduce.sh) that assembles the working layout, runs the 17 essential pipeline steps with fixed seeds, and copies regenerated outputs back to the deposit; (ix) the canonical numeric outputs consumed by every claim in the manuscript, persisted as JSON, with a frozen reference snapshot under results_reference/ for byte-exact regression testing; (x) the 11 manuscript figures (Fig. 1-3 plus Fig. 4-11 produced by the pipeline) as vector PDFs, plus exploratory variants. The pipeline is idempotent — random seeds are fixed (seed = 42 for bootstrap and k-fold cross-validation) — and runs end-to-end in approximately 3 minutes on a 2023 Apple M2 laptop.","author":[{"family":"Lara Montaño","given":"Oscar"},{"family":"Tauro","given":"Raul"},{"family":"Martínez-Guido","given":"Sergio"},{"family":"Santibañez-Aguilar","given":"Jose"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20297794","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20297794","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21500904","type":"article-journal","title":"Green Economic Transition and Financial Policy: A Systematic Literature Review on Renewable Energy Investment in Developing Countries","abstract":"The transition toward a green economy has become a central agenda for developing countries seeking to reconcile economic growth with climate commitments, yet financing this transition remains constrained by limited fiscal space and underdeveloped capital markets. This study employs a library research (systematic literature review) approach to examine the role of financial policy instruments—specifically green bonds, carbon pricing, and blended finance—in accelerating the green economic transition and renewable energy investment in developing countries. Secondary data were collected from peer-reviewed journal articles, institutional reports, and policy documents published between 2018 and 2026, retrieved from Scopus-indexed sources and reputable institutional databases including the OECD, World Bank, and Climate Policy Initiative. The literature was analyzed thematically to identify recurring patterns, instrument effectiveness, and research gaps. The findings show that green bond markets have expanded rapidly but remain concentrated in developed economies; carbon pricing has been adopted cautiously in developing countries, with narrower coverage and lower rates than in OECD economies; and blended finance has emerged as a complementary mechanism specifically targeted at de-risking smaller-scale renewable energy projects overlooked by conventional green bond markets. Across all three instruments, developing countries face persistent structural barriers—weak regulatory frameworks, greenwashing risk, high transaction costs, limited institutional capacity, and continued fossil-fuel-oriented investment by state-owned enterprises—that keep them in what this study terms a \"sub-investment-grade\" trap. The review also identifies a scarcity of empirical evidence on the long-term macroeconomic impact and effective sequencing of these instruments in emerging economies. This study contributes a consolidated, cross-instrument synthesis of financial policy literature relevant to green transition in the Global South and offers directions for future empirical research and policy design.","author":[{"family":"Firmansyah","given":"MR"},{"family":"Wahid","given":"Anas"},{"family":"Putri","given":"Nurul"},{"family":"Ulfah","given":"Maria"},{"family":"Chatarina","given":"Marimbi"},{"family":"Baskoro","given":"Ragil"},{"family":"Azzahra","given":"Diana"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21500904","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21500904","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21500905","type":"article-journal","title":"Green Economic Transition and Financial Policy: A Systematic Literature Review on Renewable Energy Investment in Developing Countries","abstract":"The transition toward a green economy has become a central agenda for developing countries seeking to reconcile economic growth with climate commitments, yet financing this transition remains constrained by limited fiscal space and underdeveloped capital markets. This study employs a library research (systematic literature review) approach to examine the role of financial policy instruments—specifically green bonds, carbon pricing, and blended finance—in accelerating the green economic transition and renewable energy investment in developing countries. Secondary data were collected from peer-reviewed journal articles, institutional reports, and policy documents published between 2018 and 2026, retrieved from Scopus-indexed sources and reputable institutional databases including the OECD, World Bank, and Climate Policy Initiative. The literature was analyzed thematically to identify recurring patterns, instrument effectiveness, and research gaps. The findings show that green bond markets have expanded rapidly but remain concentrated in developed economies; carbon pricing has been adopted cautiously in developing countries, with narrower coverage and lower rates than in OECD economies; and blended finance has emerged as a complementary mechanism specifically targeted at de-risking smaller-scale renewable energy projects overlooked by conventional green bond markets. Across all three instruments, developing countries face persistent structural barriers—weak regulatory frameworks, greenwashing risk, high transaction costs, limited institutional capacity, and continued fossil-fuel-oriented investment by state-owned enterprises—that keep them in what this study terms a \"sub-investment-grade\" trap. The review also identifies a scarcity of empirical evidence on the long-term macroeconomic impact and effective sequencing of these instruments in emerging economies. This study contributes a consolidated, cross-instrument synthesis of financial policy literature relevant to green transition in the Global South and offers directions for future empirical research and policy design.","author":[{"family":"Firmansyah","given":"MR"},{"family":"Wahid","given":"Anas"},{"family":"Putri","given":"Nurul"},{"family":"Ulfah","given":"Maria"},{"family":"Chatarina","given":"Marimbi"},{"family":"Baskoro","given":"Ragil"},{"family":"Azzahra","given":"Diana"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21500905","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21500905","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22093828","type":"article-journal","title":"Cyprus Electricity Market: Monthly Report-May 2026","abstract":"This report analyzes the performance of the competitive electricity market in Cyprus during May 2026. The average Day-Ahead Market (DAM), Market Clearing Price (MCP) reached €153.80/MWh, making May the second-lowest priced month since market launch. The month was characterized by widespread zero-price periods, driven primarily by high photovoltaic (PV) generation and low demand. Despite the decline in average MCPs, the volume-weighted average price remained relatively high at €206.96/MWh. The analysis highlights the significant impact of renewable energy generation on market prices, while also showing that Cypriot electricity prices continue to exceed those of most European markets. Finally, forecasting results based on the PHAETHON Centre of Excellence methodology demonstrate a capability to capture both low- and high-price market conditions.","author":[{"family":"Loizidis","given":"Stylianos"},{"family":"Kyprianou","given":"Andreas"},{"family":"Georghiou","given":"George"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22093828","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22093828","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22093829","type":"article-journal","title":"Cyprus Electricity Market: Monthly Report-May 2026","abstract":"This report analyzes the performance of the competitive electricity market in Cyprus during May 2026. The average Day-Ahead Market (DAM), Market Clearing Price (MCP) reached €153.80/MWh, making May the second-lowest priced month since market launch. The month was characterized by widespread zero-price periods, driven primarily by high photovoltaic (PV) generation and low demand. Despite the decline in average MCPs, the volume-weighted average price remained relatively high at €206.96/MWh. The analysis highlights the significant impact of renewable energy generation on market prices, while also showing that Cypriot electricity prices continue to exceed those of most European markets. Finally, forecasting results based on the PHAETHON Centre of Excellence methodology demonstrate a capability to capture both low- and high-price market conditions.","author":[{"family":"Loizidis","given":"Stylianos"},{"family":"Kyprianou","given":"Andreas"},{"family":"Georghiou","given":"George"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22093829","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22093829","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.17619/unipb/1-2726","type":"article-journal","title":"Towards Stakeholder-Aware Demand-Side management assessment in heterogeneous residential Microgrids","abstract":"Expanding renewable energy sources is essential for a sustainable energy supply but challenges grid stability, as the volatility of solar and wind causes periods of over- and undersupply. Private households are central to this transition, combining dynamic consumption with decentralised generation.This paper presents a multi-agent microgrid simulation built on the Mesa framework, focusing on the heterogeneous objectives and technological capabilities of residential participants. Households are modelled as autonomous agents with individual strategies, while a dedicated “grid agent” represents the distribution system operator and regulates the microgrid in a grid-supportive manner. The emission factor serves as the key indicator for grid-friendly behaviour.Results show that in summer, unmanaged PV feed-in from heterogeneous households causes substantial grid stress and balancing effort for the distribution system operator. Dynamic electricity prices can incentivise grid-friendly dispatch, but their effectiveness depends on the correlation between price signals and renewable availability and cannot guarantee grid-supportive behaviour alone. The grid agent reliably improves the grid-supportive coefficient, yet its operating strategy, for instance additional peak-reduction objectives, can interfere with price-based incentives. Effective demand-side management therefore requires careful analysis of stakeholder interactions. Building on this insight, the paper provides a basic framework for the design, implementation, and assessment of both integrated and individual energy management strategies within a microgrid environment. By simulating the dynamic interactions among system participants and strategies, it enables comprehensive evaluation of their collective impact on the grid, supporting the development of robust solutions for future electricity networks.","author":[{"family":"Henne","given":"Kevin"},{"family":"Rahlf","given":"Henning"},{"family":"Naumann","given":"Marius"},{"family":"Meschede","given":"Henning"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.17619/unipb/1-2726","URL":"https://doi.org/10.17619/unipb/1-2726","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.17209085","type":"article-journal","title":"Exploratory Semantic Reliability Analysis of Wind Turbine Maintenance Logs using Large Language Models","abstract":"An open-source, reproducible framework demonstrating how Large Language Models (LLMs) can be used for complex semantic analysis of unstructured wind turbine maintenance logs. This project moves beyond simple classification to generate deeper reliability insights, such as identifying failure modes, inferring causal chains, and uncovering site-specific operational patterns to enhance data-driven O&M in the wind energy sector. Cite as: M. Malyi, J. Shek, and A. Biscaya, “ Exploratory Semantic Reliability Analysis of Wind Turbine Maintenance Logs Using Large Language Models.” IET Renewable Power Generation 20, no. 1 (2026): e70327. https://doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.70327","author":[{"family":"Malyi","given":"Max"},{"family":"Shek","given":"Jonathan"},{"family":"Graça","given":"André"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.17209085","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17209085","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20670957","type":"article-journal","title":"Exploratory Semantic Reliability Analysis of Wind Turbine Maintenance Logs using Large Language Models","abstract":"An open-source, reproducible framework demonstrating how Large Language Models (LLMs) can be used for complex semantic analysis of unstructured wind turbine maintenance logs. This project moves beyond simple classification to generate deeper reliability insights, such as identifying failure modes, inferring causal chains, and uncovering site-specific operational patterns to enhance data-driven O&M in the wind energy sector. Cite as: M. Malyi, J. Shek, and A. Biscaya, “ Exploratory Semantic Reliability Analysis of Wind Turbine Maintenance Logs Using Large Language Models.” IET Renewable Power Generation 20, no. 1 (2026): e70327. https://doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.70327","author":[{"family":"Malyi","given":"Max"},{"family":"Shek","given":"Jonathan"},{"family":"Graça","given":"André"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20670957","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20670957","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21735466","type":"article-journal","title":"Proceedings of 1st International Workshop on Renewable Energies. Advances, Challenges and Global Perspectives","abstract":"The 1st International Workshop on Renewable Energies: Advances, Challenges, andGlobal Perspectives, organized by the RIBIERSE-CYTED network, provided anacademic forum for discussion and exchange focused on analyzing the main scientific,technological, and social advances related to the transition to sustainable energysystems. The RIBIERSE-CYTED network held this workshop virtually on July 1 and2, 2026, bringing together researchers, energy sector professionals, institutionalrepresentatives, and stakeholders interested in the development, integration, andconsolidation of renewable energies in local, regional, and global contexts. The contributions presented in the proceedings book highlight the diverse approachesin the field of renewable energy. The included papers cover a range of topics, includingthe operation and maintenance of renewable energy plants, the application of artificialintelligence and computational tools for energy optimization, the design of microgrids,and energy communities supported by renewable technologies and storage.Additionally, they address the social, regulatory, and legislative factors that haveinfluenced the implementation of cleaner, more resilient, and equitable energy models.This volume brings together contributions that emphasize the necessity of integratingscientific knowledge, technological innovation, industrial experience, and socialperspectives to address the contemporary challenges of decarbonization, energyefficiency, and supply security. Moreover, the compiled research identifies emergingtrends, explores opportunities for international collaboration, and outlines work tostrengthen renewable energy in the context of sustainable development. The editors express their gratitude to the authors, speakers, participants, andcollaborating entities that made this first international workshop possible. It is hopedthat these proceedings will help disseminate knowledge, strengthen academic andprofessional networks, and promote innovative solutions for a just, efficient, andglobally relevant energy transition.","author":[{"family":"Hernández Callejo","given":"Luis"},{"family":"Nesmachnow","given":"Sergio"},{"family":"Moreno","given":"Pedro"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21735466","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21735466","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21700256","type":"article-journal","title":"Proceedings of 1st International Workshop on Renewable Energies. Advances, Challenges and Global Perspectives","abstract":"The 1st International Workshop on Renewable Energies: Advances, Challenges, andGlobal Perspectives, organized by the RIBIERSE-CYTED network, provided anacademic forum for discussion and exchange focused on analyzing the main scientific,technological, and social advances related to the transition to sustainable energysystems. The RIBIERSE-CYTED network held this workshop virtually on July 1 and2, 2026, bringing together researchers, energy sector professionals, institutionalrepresentatives, and stakeholders interested in the development, integration, andconsolidation of renewable energies in local, regional, and global contexts. The contributions presented in the proceedings book highlight the diverse approachesin the field of renewable energy. The included papers cover a range of topics, includingthe operation and maintenance of renewable energy plants, the application of artificialintelligence and computational tools for energy optimization, the design of microgrids,and energy communities supported by renewable technologies and storage.Additionally, they address the social, regulatory, and legislative factors that haveinfluenced the implementation of cleaner, more resilient, and equitable energy models.This volume brings together contributions that emphasize the necessity of integratingscientific knowledge, technological innovation, industrial experience, and socialperspectives to address the contemporary challenges of decarbonization, energyefficiency, and supply security. Moreover, the compiled research identifies emergingtrends, explores opportunities for international collaboration, and outlines work tostrengthen renewable energy in the context of sustainable development. The editors express their gratitude to the authors, speakers, participants, andcollaborating entities that made this first international workshop possible. It is hopedthat these proceedings will help disseminate knowledge, strengthen academic andprofessional networks, and promote innovative solutions for a just, efficient, andglobally relevant energy transition.","author":[{"family":"Hernández Callejo","given":"Luis"},{"family":"Nesmachnow","given":"Sergio"},{"family":"Moreno","given":"Pedro"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21700256","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21700256","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21741122","type":"article-journal","title":"Proceedings of 1st International Workshop on Renewable Energies. Advances, Challenges and Global Perspectives","abstract":"The 1st International Workshop on Renewable Energies: Advances, Challenges, andGlobal Perspectives, organized by the RIBIERSE-CYTED network, provided anacademic forum for discussion and exchange focused on analyzing the main scientific,technological, and social advances related to the transition to sustainable energysystems. The RIBIERSE-CYTED network held this workshop virtually on July 1 and2, 2026, bringing together researchers, energy sector professionals, institutionalrepresentatives, and stakeholders interested in the development, integration, andconsolidation of renewable energies in local, regional, and global contexts. The contributions presented in the proceedings book highlight the diverse approachesin the field of renewable energy. The included papers cover a range of topics, includingthe operation and maintenance of renewable energy plants, the application of artificialintelligence and computational tools for energy optimization, the design of microgrids,and energy communities supported by renewable technologies and storage.Additionally, they address the social, regulatory, and legislative factors that haveinfluenced the implementation of cleaner, more resilient, and equitable energy models.This volume brings together contributions that emphasize the necessity of integratingscientific knowledge, technological innovation, industrial experience, and socialperspectives to address the contemporary challenges of decarbonization, energyefficiency, and supply security. Moreover, the compiled research identifies emergingtrends, explores opportunities for international collaboration, and outlines work tostrengthen renewable energy in the context of sustainable development. The editors express their gratitude to the authors, speakers, participants, andcollaborating entities that made this first international workshop possible. It is hopedthat these proceedings will help disseminate knowledge, strengthen academic andprofessional networks, and promote innovative solutions for a just, efficient, andglobally relevant energy transition.","author":[{"family":"Hernández Callejo","given":"Luis"},{"family":"Nesmachnow","given":"Sergio"},{"family":"Moreno","given":"Pedro"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21741122","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21741122","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.1063/5.0323519","type":"article-journal","title":"Reconfiguring global energy landscapes: Framework for aligning policy, market dynamics, and renewable energy integration","abstract":"Despite record additions of renewable power capacity, the integration of renewable energy sources (RES) into national electricity systems remains uneven because policy design, market structure, and infrastructure readiness are frequently misaligned. This study asks a single, policy-relevant question: how does the effectiveness of renewable energy policy depend on the market environment in which it is implemented, and why does this policy–market mismatch matter for deployment outcomes? Using a balanced panel of 50 countries over 2000–2019 and a two-step system generalized method of moments estimator with Windmeijer-corrected standard errors, the study evaluates how a lagged policy intensity index, real electricity prices, and their interaction jointly shape the share of renewables in electricity generation. The analysis advances three contributions: (i) it introduces an interaction-based test of the policy–market mismatch hypothesis on a global panel; (ii) it documents heterogeneity across development levels and degrees of market liberalization; and (iii) it translates the estimated mechanisms—implementation capacity, institutional quality, market regulation, and grid readiness—into differentiated policy steps for country groups. Results show that sustained policy effort significantly raises RES shares, with effects amplified in high-price, liberalized, high-income markets and attenuated in state-controlled or low-income settings. Robustness checks using alternative policy proxies, subsample exclusions, and longer lag structures confirm the pattern. The findings imply that renewable policy should be calibrated to market architecture rather than applied uniformly.","author":[{"family":"Li","given":"Xinyu"},{"family":"Khoso","given":"Rasool"},{"family":"Anwar","given":"Musavir"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1063/5.0323519","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0323519","source":"crossref"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21700257","type":"article-journal","title":"Proceedings of 1st International Workshop on Renewable Energies. Advances, Challenges and Global Perspectives","abstract":"The 1st International Workshop on Renewable Energies: Advances, Challenges, andGlobal Perspectives, organized by the RIBIERSE-CYTED network, provided anacademic forum for discussion and exchange focused on analyzing the main scientific,technological, and social advances related to the transition to sustainable energysystems. The RIBIERSE-CYTED network held this workshop virtually on July 1 and2, 2026, bringing together researchers, energy sector professionals, institutionalrepresentatives, and stakeholders interested in the development, integration, andconsolidation of renewable energies in local, regional, and global contexts. The contributions presented in the proceedings book highlight the diverse approachesin the field of renewable energy. The included papers cover a range of topics, includingthe operation and maintenance of renewable energy plants, the application of artificialintelligence and computational tools for energy optimization, the design of microgrids,and energy communities supported by renewable technologies and storage.Additionally, they address the social, regulatory, and legislative factors that haveinfluenced the implementation of cleaner, more resilient, and equitable energy models.This volume brings together contributions that emphasize the necessity of integratingscientific knowledge, technological innovation, industrial experience, and socialperspectives to address the contemporary challenges of decarbonization, energyefficiency, and supply security. Moreover, the compiled research identifies emergingtrends, explores opportunities for international collaboration, and outlines work tostrengthen renewable energy in the context of sustainable development. The editors express their gratitude to the authors, speakers, participants, andcollaborating entities that made this first international workshop possible. It is hopedthat these proceedings will help disseminate knowledge, strengthen academic andprofessional networks, and promote innovative solutions for a just, efficient, andglobally relevant energy transition.","author":[{"family":"Hernández Callejo","given":"Luis"},{"family":"Nesmachnow","given":"Sergio"},{"family":"Moreno","given":"Pedro"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21700257","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21700257","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19414624","type":"article-journal","title":"Off-Grid Power Architectures For Remote And Edge Data Centers In Energy-Constrained Environments: A Technical, Economic, And Resilience-Centered Research Review","abstract":"Remote and edge data centers are increasingly deployed in locations where grid power is unavailable, unreliable, capacity-constrained, or prohibitively expensive. In these contexts, \"off-grid\" practicalities are less about complete electrical isolation than about assured energy autonomy: the ability to maintain service-level objectives (SLOs) and critical uptime during prolonged power interruptions, fuel supply disruptions, and extreme environmental conditions. Achieving this autonomy requires power architectures that integrate dispatchable generation (diesel or gas gensets and/or fuel cells), variable renewable energy (VRE) resources (solar PV, wind, and in some locations hydro), energy storage (UPS and BESS), robust power electronics (including grid-forming inverter-based resources), and supervisory energy management systems (EMS) that co-optimize reliability, cost, and emissions. This paper addresses the research problem: How can off-grid power systems for remote and edge data centers be architected and operated to meet high availability targets under energy constraints while minimizing lifecycle cost and carbon emissions? It synthesizes standards-body guidance, government laboratory research, recent peer-reviewed literature (2016–2026), and vendor technical documents into design patterns, a quantitative comparative model, and actionable deployment guidance. Key findings are as follows. First, microgrids structured around a formal controller specification (e.g., microgrid controller functional requirements in IEEE microgrid-controller standards) provide an engineering basis for predictable islanded operation, black start, and coordinated dispatch across distributed energy resources (DER). [1] Second, hybridization is the dominant pathway for energy-constrained environments: diesel-only designs are simple but are exposed to fuel logistics, price volatility, and emissions; adding renewables and storage materially reduces fuel burn and can improve resilience by reducing the frequency and severity of fuel-delivery dependency—an especially salient risk in remote microgrids where delivered diesel electricity can be extremely costly. [2] Third, for off-grid stability and fast contingency response, inverter-based resources and their protection/control behaviors (grid-forming operation, current limiting, and black-start behavior) are increasingly central, especially as renewable penetration rises. [3] Fourth, safety and compliance for stationary storage (e.g., fire and thermal-runaway propagation testing and installation codes) are not peripheral—they shape siting, enclosure design, and permitting timelines and thus can dominate schedule risk. [4] Quantitatively, a parametric cost-and-carbon model demonstrates that (i) LCOE and emissions are strongly driven by delivered fuel price and renewable fraction, and (ii) heavier \"soft costs\" and integration overhead penalize very small deployments unless modularized and standardized. Using published CAPEX/O&M baselines for PV, wind, BESS, and gensets, and modeling three load scenarios (low/medium/high) with sensitivity to delivered diesel price, the modeled LCOE ranges from roughly $0.20–$0.70/kWh depending on architecture and fuel price, while carbon intensity ranges from ~0.26–0.74 kg CO₂/kWh as renewable delivered share rises from ~0% to ~65%. [5] Finally, three geographically diverse real-world examples illustrate the range of viable approaches: a gas-generator solution for a large Lagos data center where grid reliability was insufficient; a fuel-cell-powered containerized edge data center integrated with district heating in northern Sweden; and an Alaska edge deployment co-located with hydropower and backed by advanced microgrid modernization efforts—each reflecting different constraints and resource endowments. [6]","author":[{"family":"Nimaful","given":"Samuel"},{"family":"Hanyabui","given":"Augustine"},{"family":"Holison","given":"Joel"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19414624","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19414624","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19414625","type":"article-journal","title":"Off-Grid Power Architectures For Remote And Edge Data Centers In Energy-Constrained Environments: A Technical, Economic, And Resilience-Centered Research Review","abstract":"Remote and edge data centers are increasingly deployed in locations where grid power is unavailable, unreliable, capacity-constrained, or prohibitively expensive. In these contexts, \"off-grid\" practicalities are less about complete electrical isolation than about assured energy autonomy: the ability to maintain service-level objectives (SLOs) and critical uptime during prolonged power interruptions, fuel supply disruptions, and extreme environmental conditions. Achieving this autonomy requires power architectures that integrate dispatchable generation (diesel or gas gensets and/or fuel cells), variable renewable energy (VRE) resources (solar PV, wind, and in some locations hydro), energy storage (UPS and BESS), robust power electronics (including grid-forming inverter-based resources), and supervisory energy management systems (EMS) that co-optimize reliability, cost, and emissions. This paper addresses the research problem: How can off-grid power systems for remote and edge data centers be architected and operated to meet high availability targets under energy constraints while minimizing lifecycle cost and carbon emissions? It synthesizes standards-body guidance, government laboratory research, recent peer-reviewed literature (2016–2026), and vendor technical documents into design patterns, a quantitative comparative model, and actionable deployment guidance. Key findings are as follows. First, microgrids structured around a formal controller specification (e.g., microgrid controller functional requirements in IEEE microgrid-controller standards) provide an engineering basis for predictable islanded operation, black start, and coordinated dispatch across distributed energy resources (DER). [1] Second, hybridization is the dominant pathway for energy-constrained environments: diesel-only designs are simple but are exposed to fuel logistics, price volatility, and emissions; adding renewables and storage materially reduces fuel burn and can improve resilience by reducing the frequency and severity of fuel-delivery dependency—an especially salient risk in remote microgrids where delivered diesel electricity can be extremely costly. [2] Third, for off-grid stability and fast contingency response, inverter-based resources and their protection/control behaviors (grid-forming operation, current limiting, and black-start behavior) are increasingly central, especially as renewable penetration rises. [3] Fourth, safety and compliance for stationary storage (e.g., fire and thermal-runaway propagation testing and installation codes) are not peripheral—they shape siting, enclosure design, and permitting timelines and thus can dominate schedule risk. [4] Quantitatively, a parametric cost-and-carbon model demonstrates that (i) LCOE and emissions are strongly driven by delivered fuel price and renewable fraction, and (ii) heavier \"soft costs\" and integration overhead penalize very small deployments unless modularized and standardized. Using published CAPEX/O&M baselines for PV, wind, BESS, and gensets, and modeling three load scenarios (low/medium/high) with sensitivity to delivered diesel price, the modeled LCOE ranges from roughly $0.20–$0.70/kWh depending on architecture and fuel price, while carbon intensity ranges from ~0.26–0.74 kg CO₂/kWh as renewable delivered share rises from ~0% to ~65%. [5] Finally, three geographically diverse real-world examples illustrate the range of viable approaches: a gas-generator solution for a large Lagos data center where grid reliability was insufficient; a fuel-cell-powered containerized edge data center integrated with district heating in northern Sweden; and an Alaska edge deployment co-located with hydropower and backed by advanced microgrid modernization efforts—each reflecting different constraints and resource endowments. [6]","author":[{"family":"Nimaful","given":"Samuel"},{"family":"Hanyabui","given":"Augustine"},{"family":"Holison","given":"Joel"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19414625","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19414625","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.1111/opec.70004","type":"article-journal","title":"Decomposing the Renewable Energy as Clean and Non‐Clean: Evidence From Top Renewable Energy–Consuming Countries","abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examines the impact of aggregate and disaggregated renewable energy consumption while considering economic growth, remittances, urbanisation and foreign direct investment (FDI) on environmental degradation, proxied by the ecological footprint, across major renewable energy–consuming countries over the period 1984–2020. Employing the Dynamic Common Correlated Effects (DCCE) estimator, the study captures long‐run impacts while accounting for cross‐sectional dependence and heterogeneity. The findings reveal that aggregate renewable energy consumption significantly reduces environmental degradation. However, the disaggregated analysis uncovers heterogeneous effects across energy types: solar energy consumption reduces the ecological footprint, whereas hydropower and wind energy increase environmental pressure, likely due to lifecycle and infrastructure‐related impacts. Furthermore, economic growth, remittances and FDI are found to exacerbate environmental degradation, while urbanisation contributes to environmental improvement. These results highlight the importance of moving beyond aggregate energy measures and adopting a component‐specific approach to renewable energy policy. The study provides policy‐relevant insights for advanced renewable energy–consuming countries, emphasising the need to prioritise solar energy expansion while mitigating the environmental impacts of other renewable sources.","author":[{"family":"Pal","given":"Shreya"},{"family":"Villanthenkodath","given":"Muhammed"},{"family":"Ansari","given":"Mohd"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1111/opec.70004","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opec.70004","source":"crossref"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21246357","type":"article-journal","title":"A Perspective on Hydrogen Storage in Carbon Nanomaterials","abstract":"Fossil fuels are naturally occurring energy resources formed from the remains of ancient plants, algae, and microorganisms that were buried under sediments and subjected to heat and pressure over millions of years. The increasing environmental concerns associated with fossil fuels are a major driver for the development of cleanenergy technologies such as hydrogen energy systems, fuel cells, renewable energy sources and advanced hydrogen storage materials, including carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphene oxide (GO), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The transition toward a hydrogen-based energy economy requires safe, efficient, and economically viable hydrogen storage systems. Conventional storage methods, including compressed gas cylinders and cryogenic liquid hydrogen tanks, face challenges related to safety, energy consumption, and volumetric efficiency. Carbon nanomaterials have emerged as promising candidates for hydrogen storage because of their low density, high specific surface area, tunable pore structure, chemical stability, and potential for reversible hydrogen adsorption. Since the landmark discovery of carbon nanostructures such as Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, and related materials, extensive research has focused on their hydrogen storage capabilities. This review work will provide an insight of hydrogen as a fuel, conventional hydrogen storage methods and strategies, storage mechanisms in carbon nanostructures and challenges to overcome.","author":[{"family":"Silambarasana","given":"D"},{"family":"Sarika","given":"R"},{"family":"Surya","given":"VJ"},{"family":"Kiyakutti"},{"family":"Vvasu"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21246357","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21246357","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21246358","type":"article-journal","title":"A Perspective on Hydrogen Storage in Carbon Nanomaterials","abstract":"Fossil fuels are naturally occurring energy resources formed from the remains of ancient plants, algae, and microorganisms that were buried under sediments and subjected to heat and pressure over millions of years. The increasing environmental concerns associated with fossil fuels are a major driver for the development of cleanenergy technologies such as hydrogen energy systems, fuel cells, renewable energy sources and advanced hydrogen storage materials, including carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphene oxide (GO), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The transition toward a hydrogen-based energy economy requires safe, efficient, and economically viable hydrogen storage systems. Conventional storage methods, including compressed gas cylinders and cryogenic liquid hydrogen tanks, face challenges related to safety, energy consumption, and volumetric efficiency. Carbon nanomaterials have emerged as promising candidates for hydrogen storage because of their low density, high specific surface area, tunable pore structure, chemical stability, and potential for reversible hydrogen adsorption. Since the landmark discovery of carbon nanostructures such as Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, and related materials, extensive research has focused on their hydrogen storage capabilities. This review work will provide an insight of hydrogen as a fuel, conventional hydrogen storage methods and strategies, storage mechanisms in carbon nanostructures and challenges to overcome.","author":[{"family":"Silambarasana","given":"D"},{"family":"Sarika","given":"R"},{"family":"Surya","given":"VJ"},{"family":"Kiyakutti"},{"family":"Vvasu"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21246358","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21246358","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21597353","type":"article-journal","title":"Design and Optimization of an AI-Based SolarHydrogen–Battery Hybrid Electric Vehicle Energy Management System","abstract":"This preprint presents a novel framework for sustainable transportation by integrating solar energy and hydrogen-based propulsion into a unified vehicle architecture. The proposed system aims to reduce fossil fuel dependency, improve energy efficiency, and minimize carbon emissions through the intelligent utilization of renewable energy sources. The paper discusses the system design, operating principles, technical feasibility, potential applications, and future research directions. This work is shared as a preprint to facilitate early dissemination of the research findings and encourage academic discussion, feedback, and collaboration prior to formal peer review and journal publication.","author":[{"family":"Pandab","given":"Aayushmaan"},{"family":"Sharma","given":"Anvi"},{"family":"Agarwal","given":"Riddhi"},{"family":"Shashidhar","given":"Deeksha"},{"family":"Goyal","given":"Tanisha"},{"family":"Mahakul","given":"Meghna"},{"family":"Sai","given":"Sathwik"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21597353","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21597353","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21597354","type":"article-journal","title":"Design and Optimization of an AI-Based SolarHydrogen–Battery Hybrid Electric Vehicle Energy Management System","abstract":"This preprint presents a novel framework for sustainable transportation by integrating solar energy and hydrogen-based propulsion into a unified vehicle architecture. The proposed system aims to reduce fossil fuel dependency, improve energy efficiency, and minimize carbon emissions through the intelligent utilization of renewable energy sources. The paper discusses the system design, operating principles, technical feasibility, potential applications, and future research directions. This work is shared as a preprint to facilitate early dissemination of the research findings and encourage academic discussion, feedback, and collaboration prior to formal peer review and journal publication.","author":[{"family":"Pandab","given":"Aayushmaan"},{"family":"Sharma","given":"Anvi"},{"family":"Agarwal","given":"Riddhi"},{"family":"Shashidhar","given":"Deeksha"},{"family":"Goyal","given":"Tanisha"},{"family":"Mahakul","given":"Meghna"},{"family":"Sai","given":"Sathwik"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21597354","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21597354","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22044127","type":"article-journal","title":"Ethics, sustainability, and society","abstract":"Ethics in Future Education refers to the principles, values, standards, and moral responsibilities that guide the development, implementation, governance, and application of educational policies, technologies, research, and institutional practices in an increasingly digital and interconnected world. As higher education undergoes rapid transformation through Artificial Intelligence (AI), Industry 5.0, digital technologies, automation, globalization, and data-driven decision-making, ethical considerations have become central to ensuring that technological advancement serves humanity while preserving fairness, transparency, accountability, privacy, inclusion, and human dignity. Ethics provides the moral foundation upon which educational institutions build trust, protect stakeholder interests, encourage responsible innovation, and cultivate socially responsible graduates capable of addressing complex global challenges.The primary objective of ethics in future education is to ensure that educational transformation remains human-centred while promoting academic excellence, social justice, responsible technological development, and sustainable institutional growth. Universities increasingly integrate ethical principles into teaching, research, governance, policy formulation, digital transformation, and community engagement to prepare learners for professional environments where ethical reasoning and responsible decision-making are indispensable. Ethical education extends beyond compliance with legal requirements by encouraging individuals to develop integrity, empathy, accountability, respect for diversity, environmental responsibility, and commitment to the common good.Artificial Intelligence has fundamentally transformed higher education while simultaneously introducing new ethical challenges. AI-powered educational systems support personalized learning, intelligent tutoring, predictive analytics, automated assessment, research analysis, administrative automation, and institutional decision-making. Although these technologies significantly improve efficiency and educational quality, they also raise ethical concerns regarding algorithmic bias, transparency, accountability, fairness, privacy, surveillance, academic honesty, and human autonomy. Universities must therefore establish ethical frameworks that ensure AI systems are developed, deployed, and monitored responsibly while maintaining human oversight and protecting the rights and dignity of students, educators, researchers, and society.Digital transformation has further expanded the ethical responsibilities of educational institutions by increasing dependence on digital platforms, cloud computing, blockchain technologies, learning management systems, virtual classrooms, digital libraries, online assessments, research databases, and institutional information systems. While digital technologies improve accessibility, flexibility, collaboration, and educational innovation, they also generate ethical concerns relating to cyber security, digital equity, misinformation, intellectual property protection, online behaviour, digital well-being, and responsible use of educational technologies. Universities therefore require comprehensive ethical governance mechanisms that balance technological innovation with institutional responsibility and societal trust.Ethics plays a fundamental role in teaching and learning by fostering educational environments characterized by honesty, fairness, respect, inclusion, and mutual responsibility. Faculty members are expected to deliver accurate knowledge, evaluate students impartially, respect diversity, encourage critical thinking, and create inclusive learning experiences that recognize the needs of learners from different cultural, social, linguistic, and economic backgrounds. Students likewise have ethical responsibilities that include academic honesty, respect for intellectual property, responsible collaboration, professional conduct, and ethical use","author":[{"family":"Vasuki","given":"M"},{"family":"Mishra","given":"Anjay"},{"family":"Dinesh Kumar","given":"A"},{"family":"Mishra","given":"Shila"},{"family":"Celestin","given":"Mbonigaba"},{"family":"Zulu","given":"Lloyd"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22044127","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22044127","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22044128","type":"article-journal","title":"Ethics, sustainability, and society","abstract":"Ethics in Future Education refers to the principles, values, standards, and moral responsibilities that guide the development, implementation, governance, and application of educational policies, technologies, research, and institutional practices in an increasingly digital and interconnected world. As higher education undergoes rapid transformation through Artificial Intelligence (AI), Industry 5.0, digital technologies, automation, globalization, and data-driven decision-making, ethical considerations have become central to ensuring that technological advancement serves humanity while preserving fairness, transparency, accountability, privacy, inclusion, and human dignity. Ethics provides the moral foundation upon which educational institutions build trust, protect stakeholder interests, encourage responsible innovation, and cultivate socially responsible graduates capable of addressing complex global challenges.The primary objective of ethics in future education is to ensure that educational transformation remains human-centred while promoting academic excellence, social justice, responsible technological development, and sustainable institutional growth. Universities increasingly integrate ethical principles into teaching, research, governance, policy formulation, digital transformation, and community engagement to prepare learners for professional environments where ethical reasoning and responsible decision-making are indispensable. Ethical education extends beyond compliance with legal requirements by encouraging individuals to develop integrity, empathy, accountability, respect for diversity, environmental responsibility, and commitment to the common good.Artificial Intelligence has fundamentally transformed higher education while simultaneously introducing new ethical challenges. AI-powered educational systems support personalized learning, intelligent tutoring, predictive analytics, automated assessment, research analysis, administrative automation, and institutional decision-making. Although these technologies significantly improve efficiency and educational quality, they also raise ethical concerns regarding algorithmic bias, transparency, accountability, fairness, privacy, surveillance, academic honesty, and human autonomy. Universities must therefore establish ethical frameworks that ensure AI systems are developed, deployed, and monitored responsibly while maintaining human oversight and protecting the rights and dignity of students, educators, researchers, and society.Digital transformation has further expanded the ethical responsibilities of educational institutions by increasing dependence on digital platforms, cloud computing, blockchain technologies, learning management systems, virtual classrooms, digital libraries, online assessments, research databases, and institutional information systems. While digital technologies improve accessibility, flexibility, collaboration, and educational innovation, they also generate ethical concerns relating to cyber security, digital equity, misinformation, intellectual property protection, online behaviour, digital well-being, and responsible use of educational technologies. Universities therefore require comprehensive ethical governance mechanisms that balance technological innovation with institutional responsibility and societal trust.Ethics plays a fundamental role in teaching and learning by fostering educational environments characterized by honesty, fairness, respect, inclusion, and mutual responsibility. Faculty members are expected to deliver accurate knowledge, evaluate students impartially, respect diversity, encourage critical thinking, and create inclusive learning experiences that recognize the needs of learners from different cultural, social, linguistic, and economic backgrounds. Students likewise have ethical responsibilities that include academic honesty, respect for intellectual property, responsible collaboration, professional conduct, and ethical use","author":[{"family":"Vasuki","given":"M"},{"family":"Mishra","given":"Anjay"},{"family":"Dinesh Kumar","given":"A"},{"family":"Mishra","given":"Shila"},{"family":"Celestin","given":"Mbonigaba"},{"family":"Zulu","given":"Lloyd"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22044128","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22044128","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.12688/openreseurope.20432.3","type":"article-journal","title":"Hydrogen for Heating: Technologies, Challenges, and Opportunities","abstract":"Hydrogen is gaining prominence as a key enabler in the global shift toward low-carbon energy systems, yet its role in heating-particularly in residential, commercial, and industrial contexts-remains underdeveloped. This paper explores the potential of hydrogen-based technologies to decarbonize heating, focusing on technological innovations, economic feasibility, and regulatory frameworks. Drawing on a comprehensive review of literature, policy documents, and case studies such as the EU-supported H2Heat project, the paper examines developments in hydrogen production, storage, and distribution, with a special emphasis on green hydrogen and its integration into Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems and heat pump technologies. The findings demonstrate the quick advancements in infrastructure prepared for hydrogen, electrolyzer efficiency, and renewable energy-based hybrid energy systems. High costs, infrastructure retrofitting, safety issues, and regulatory fragmentation are still problems, though. Hydrogen heating has a lot of potential, especially for hard-to-electrify industries and seasonal storage requirements, the study concludes, but its success hinges on concerted policy action, investment incentives, and international cooperation. By providing strategic recommendations for scaling hydrogen heating solutions and establishing them as a feasible part of sustainable energy transitions, the paper adds to the current conversation.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.12688/openreseurope.20432.3","URL":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.20432.3","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.17210701","type":"article-journal","title":"GreenDIGIT Deliverable D8.2 First Policy Recommendations","abstract":"Research Infrastructures (RIs) are increasingly expected to demonstrate environmental responsibility alongside scientific excellence. This deliverable provides a first set of policy recommendations for greening digital RIs, based on regulatory review, sectoral analysis, and the intermediate results of the GreenDIGIT project. Current Policy Landscape and Gaps Digital RIs operate within a complex policy environment shaped by EU sustainability directives, global climate goals, and industry standards. Key regulations such as the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD), Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation (ESPR), Energy Efficiency Directive (EED), and Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE Directive provide a strong foundation for energy efficiency, circularity, and emissions reporting. However, policy gaps remain: most regulations do not fully address RI-specific needs, especially around tailored metrics, procurement, e-waste, renewable energy obligations, and lifecycle integration. Survey Insights from the RI Community GreenDIGIT surveyed digital RIs to assess their current sustainability practices and needs. While most are aware of environmental challenges, they remain in early stages of internal policy development. The survey identified a strong need for guidance, practical tools, policy templates, and harmonized evaluation metrics. A lack of dedicated roles and structured governance was also observed, as well as interest in sharing best practices and aligning with EU policy frameworks. Tools and Frameworks for Internal RI Policy To meet these needs, GreenDIGIT developed both an Environmental Impact Assessment Methodology and a Self-Assessment Questionnaire. These tools enable RIs to benchmark their environmental maturity, define improvement targets, and develop action plans aligned with EU frameworks such as the CSRD, EED, and European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS). The questionnaire also supports traceability and audit readiness, helping RIs align internal policies with broader policy expectations. Recommendations Across Governance Levels The deliverable outlines detailed policy recommendations across three complementary levels: Digital RIs, who need support in designing internal sustainability policies and embedding environmental governance; European Strategy Forum for Research Infrastructure (ESFRI) and Horizon Europe, who play a strategic role in shaping funding frameworks, sector benchmarks, and cross-infrastructure learning; Policymakers, who are positioned to enable structural change through targeted regulation, harmonization, and incentives. Each actor has a unique role to play in supporting sustainability goals through actions such as assessing current practices, defining policy objectives, monitoring progress, creating incentives, and sharing knowledge. The matrix on the next page (Table 1) provides a high-level synthesis of these stakeholder roles and action areas across five categories—Assess, Define, Incentivize, Monitor, and Share. It was developed based on the findings and needs identified in each category of the analysis, in order to provide a comprehensive view. The matrix shows that while the actions to be taken are similar in nature across all stakeholder groups, they must be addressed at different levels depending on each actor's responsibility, influence, and operational scope. Each topic introduced in the matrix is further developed and substantiated in the deliverable. These preliminary recommendations will now be tested and discussed with key stakeholder groups in the next phase of the project - WP9 “Policy recommendations, roadmap and assessment guide for green digital RIs” - which will run over the next 18 months and result in the final policy recommendations. [This deliverable is approved by the European Commission]","author":[{"family":"Fdida","given":"Serge"},{"family":"Vaissade","given":"Frédéric"},{"family":"Lehto","given":"Iida"},{"family":"Demchenko","given":"Yuri"},{"family":"Trasarti","given":"Roberto"},{"family":"Rowlanson","given":"Damla"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.17210701","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17210701","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.18856286","type":"article-journal","title":"GreenDIGIT Deliverable D8.2 First Policy Recommendations","abstract":"Research Infrastructures (RIs) are increasingly expected to demonstrate environmental responsibility alongside scientific excellence. This deliverable provides a first set of policy recommendations for greening digital RIs, based on regulatory review, sectoral analysis, and the intermediate results of the GreenDIGIT project. Current Policy Landscape and Gaps Digital RIs operate within a complex policy environment shaped by EU sustainability directives, global climate goals, and industry standards. Key regulations such as the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD), Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation (ESPR), Energy Efficiency Directive (EED), and Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE Directive provide a strong foundation for energy efficiency, circularity, and emissions reporting. However, policy gaps remain: most regulations do not fully address RI-specific needs, especially around tailored metrics, procurement, e-waste, renewable energy obligations, and lifecycle integration. Survey Insights from the RI Community GreenDIGIT surveyed digital RIs to assess their current sustainability practices and needs. While most are aware of environmental challenges, they remain in early stages of internal policy development. The survey identified a strong need for guidance, practical tools, policy templates, and harmonized evaluation metrics. A lack of dedicated roles and structured governance was also observed, as well as interest in sharing best practices and aligning with EU policy frameworks. Tools and Frameworks for Internal RI Policy To meet these needs, GreenDIGIT developed both an Environmental Impact Assessment Methodology and a Self-Assessment Questionnaire. These tools enable RIs to benchmark their environmental maturity, define improvement targets, and develop action plans aligned with EU frameworks such as the CSRD, EED, and European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS). The questionnaire also supports traceability and audit readiness, helping RIs align internal policies with broader policy expectations. Recommendations Across Governance Levels The deliverable outlines detailed policy recommendations across three complementary levels: Digital RIs, who need support in designing internal sustainability policies and embedding environmental governance; European Strategy Forum for Research Infrastructure (ESFRI) and Horizon Europe, who play a strategic role in shaping funding frameworks, sector benchmarks, and cross-infrastructure learning; Policymakers, who are positioned to enable structural change through targeted regulation, harmonization, and incentives. Each actor has a unique role to play in supporting sustainability goals through actions such as assessing current practices, defining policy objectives, monitoring progress, creating incentives, and sharing knowledge. The matrix on the next page (Table 1) provides a high-level synthesis of these stakeholder roles and action areas across five categories—Assess, Define, Incentivize, Monitor, and Share. It was developed based on the findings and needs identified in each category of the analysis, in order to provide a comprehensive view. The matrix shows that while the actions to be taken are similar in nature across all stakeholder groups, they must be addressed at different levels depending on each actor's responsibility, influence, and operational scope. Each topic introduced in the matrix is further developed and substantiated in the deliverable. These preliminary recommendations will now be tested and discussed with key stakeholder groups in the next phase of the project - WP9 “Policy recommendations, roadmap and assessment guide for green digital RIs” - which will run over the next 18 months and result in the final policy recommendations. [This deliverable is approved by the European Commission]","author":[{"family":"Fdida","given":"Serge"},{"family":"Vaissade","given":"Frédéric"},{"family":"Lehto","given":"Iida"},{"family":"Demchenko","given":"Yuri"},{"family":"Trasarti","given":"Roberto"},{"family":"Rowlanson","given":"Damla"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.18856286","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18856286","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.71676/ccda8811","type":"article-journal","title":"NESP MaC Project 4.20 - Delivery of science to support the implementation of a marine park management effectiveness system (CSIRO)","abstract":"Australian Marine Parks (AMPs) form one of the world’s largest marine park systems, protecting natural, cultural, social and economic values across Commonwealth waters. Parks Australia’s Management Effectiveness system supports adaptive management by assessing whether management arrangements are protecting park values and responding to changing pressures. This project supported implementation of the Australian Marine Parks Science Plan and delivered key science needs for the 2028 National AMP management plan review. It built on previous Marine Biodiversity Hub and Marine and Coastal Hub work on natural values, pressures, cumulative impacts, monitoring priorities and management effectiveness. The project delivered four linked outputs: 1. Monitoring protocols for Tier 1 and Tier 2 priority monitoring sites, including site-specific monitoring plans, data and survey method inventories, condition indicators, pressure indicators, and partnership case studies with Traditional Owners. 2. Improved workflows for assessing natural values, activities and pressures, including updates to pressure information, and establishment of data agreements and processes for regular updates. 3. Assessment approaches for emerging industries, using offshore renewable energy adjacent to AMPs as a test case to identify potential impacts such as underwater noise, seabed disturbance, sediment transport, vessel interactions, displacement of existing activities, and other future uses such as decommissioning or carbon storage. 4. Improved system-wide understanding of AMPs through collaboration with Parks Australia, state and territory marine protected area managers and fisheries managers, including opportunities to align data, indicators and management effectiveness approaches. The outputs provided Parks Australia with a more consistent evidence base for adaptive management, management plan review, monitoring design, pressure assessment and cross-jurisdictional collaboration across Australia’s marine park system.","author":[{"family":"Dunstan","given":"Piers"},{"family":"Trebilco","given":"Rowan"},{"family":"Woolley","given":"Skipton"},{"family":"Fulton","given":"Beth"},{"family":"Porobic","given":"Javier"},{"family":"Lawrence","given":"Emma"},{"family":"Monk","given":"Jacquomo"},{"family":"Lucieer","given":"Vanessa"},{"family":"Carter","given":"Alex"},{"family":"Langlois","given":"Tim"},{"family":"Gibbons","given":"Brooke"},{"family":"Spencer","given":"Claude"},{"family":"Hickey","given":"Sharyn"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.71676/ccda8811","URL":"https://doi.org/10.71676/ccda8811","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.71676/c504625a","type":"article-journal","title":"NESP MaC Project 4.8 - Potential impacts of offshore wind developments on eastern Indian Ocean pygmy blue whales, 2024-2025 (AIMS)","abstract":"Pygmy blue whales (_Balaenoptera musculus brevicauda_) are listed as Endangered under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act (EPBC 1999). Their distribution and Biologically Important Areas (BIAs) overlap with regions proposed for offshore renewable energy development in western and south-eastern Australia, creating a need to assess potential impacts alongside existing pressures such as shipping, oil and gas activity, vessel strike, underwater noise and habitat disturbance. This project mapped the distribution and core foraging and migratory areas of eastern Indian Ocean pygmy blue whales by combining satellite tracking data with auxiliary information from aerial surveys, marine mammal observer records, and existing habitat suitability models. These spatial products were overlaid with proposed offshore renewable energy areas, BIAs, Australian Marine Park boundaries, and spatial pressures layers. A cumulative impact framework was used to identify areas of higher risk and potential lower-impact reference sites. The project outputs support regulators, proponents and government agencies in assessing and mitigating potential offshore renewable energy impacts on pygmy blue whales. The results contribute to cumulative risk assessment, blue whale recovery planning, future BIA review, monitoring design, and prioritisation of future research and data collection.","author":[{"family":"Ferreira","given":"Luciana"},{"family":"Thums","given":"Michele"},{"family":"Moller","given":"Luciana"},{"family":"Fisher","given":"Rebecca"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.71676/c504625a","URL":"https://doi.org/10.71676/c504625a","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21338959","type":"article-journal","title":"Model Predictive Current Control for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives: A Comprehensive Review","abstract":"Model Predictive Current Control (MPCC) has emerged as one of the most promising advanced control techniquesfor Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drives due to its dynamic response, high current tracking accuracy, andcapability to handle multivariable systems with system constraints. With the increasing adoption of PMSM drives in electricvehicles, industrial automation, robotics, aerospace, and renewable energy systems, the demand for high-performance currentcontrol strategies has significantly increased. This review paper presents a comprehensive analysis of MPCC techniquesdeveloped for PMSM drive applications, covering their operating principles, mathematical foundations, control architectures,and implementation methodologies. The paper systematically reviews conventional finite control set MPCC (FCS-MPCC),continuous control set MPCC (CCS-MPCC), multi-vector MPCC, duty-cycle-based MPCC, and recently proposed intelligentand optimization-assisted predictive control strategies. A comparative evaluation is provided based on current ripple, torqueripple, switching frequency, computational complexity, steady-state performance, dynamic response, robustness againstparameter variations, and implementation feasibility. Furthermore, recent advancements integrating artificial intelligence,adaptive control, optimization algorithms, and machine learning with predictive current control are discussed to highlightemerging research directions. The review also identifies existing challenges, including computational burden, parametersensitivity, model mismatch, and real-time implementation issues, while outlining potential future research opportunities fornext-generation high-performance PMSM drive systems. This paper serves as a comprehensive reference for researchers andengineers seeking an in-depth understanding of the current state of MPCC techniques and their future development in advancedelectric drive applications.","author":[{"family":"Bharatgir","given":"Giri"},{"family":"Ghule","given":"AB"},{"family":"Yerigeri","given":"Seema"},{"family":"Yerigeri","given":"Vaijanath"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21338959","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21338959","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21338960","type":"article-journal","title":"Model Predictive Current Control for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives: A Comprehensive Review","abstract":"Model Predictive Current Control (MPCC) has emerged as one of the most promising advanced control techniquesfor Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drives due to its dynamic response, high current tracking accuracy, andcapability to handle multivariable systems with system constraints. With the increasing adoption of PMSM drives in electricvehicles, industrial automation, robotics, aerospace, and renewable energy systems, the demand for high-performance currentcontrol strategies has significantly increased. This review paper presents a comprehensive analysis of MPCC techniquesdeveloped for PMSM drive applications, covering their operating principles, mathematical foundations, control architectures,and implementation methodologies. The paper systematically reviews conventional finite control set MPCC (FCS-MPCC),continuous control set MPCC (CCS-MPCC), multi-vector MPCC, duty-cycle-based MPCC, and recently proposed intelligentand optimization-assisted predictive control strategies. A comparative evaluation is provided based on current ripple, torqueripple, switching frequency, computational complexity, steady-state performance, dynamic response, robustness againstparameter variations, and implementation feasibility. Furthermore, recent advancements integrating artificial intelligence,adaptive control, optimization algorithms, and machine learning with predictive current control are discussed to highlightemerging research directions. The review also identifies existing challenges, including computational burden, parametersensitivity, model mismatch, and real-time implementation issues, while outlining potential future research opportunities fornext-generation high-performance PMSM drive systems. This paper serves as a comprehensive reference for researchers andengineers seeking an in-depth understanding of the current state of MPCC techniques and their future development in advancedelectric drive applications.","author":[{"family":"Bharatgir","given":"Giri"},{"family":"Ghule","given":"AB"},{"family":"Yerigeri","given":"Seema"},{"family":"Yerigeri","given":"Vaijanath"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21338960","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21338960","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20521512","type":"article-journal","title":"A  Review Paper On Renewable Energy Sources","abstract":"This paper reviews the importance of renewable energy sources in achieving sustainable development and reducing environmental problems. Renewable energy, such as solar, wind, hydropower, biomass, and geothermal energy, is derived from natural resources that are continuously replenished. Unlike fossil fuels, these sources are clean, eco-friendly, and help in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. The increasing global energy demand, along with the depletion of conventional energy sources, has made the transition to renewable energy essential. The paper discusses various types of renewable energy and their applications in power generation, buildings, and rural development. It also highlights the role of smart grids and energy storage systems in improving efficiency and reliability. Despite advantages like environmental protection and energy security, challenges such as high initial costs, intermittency, and technological limitations still exist. However, continuous advancements in technology and supportive government policies are making renewable energy more accessible and cost-effective. Overall, renewable energy plays a crucial role in ensuring a clean, secure, and sustainable energy future.","author":[{"family":"Bhore","given":"Prof"},{"family":"Sapkal","given":"Mr"},{"family":"Sapkal","given":"Mr"},{"family":"Shinde","given":"Mr"},{"family":"Shinde","given":"Mr"},{"family":"Suryawanshi","given":"Ms"},{"family":"Yadav","given":"Mr"},{"family":"Yadav","given":"Ms"},{"family":"Shinde","given":"Ms"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20521512","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20521512","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20521513","type":"article-journal","title":"A  Review Paper On Renewable Energy Sources","abstract":"This paper reviews the importance of renewable energy sources in achieving sustainable development and reducing environmental problems. Renewable energy, such as solar, wind, hydropower, biomass, and geothermal energy, is derived from natural resources that are continuously replenished. Unlike fossil fuels, these sources are clean, eco-friendly, and help in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. The increasing global energy demand, along with the depletion of conventional energy sources, has made the transition to renewable energy essential. The paper discusses various types of renewable energy and their applications in power generation, buildings, and rural development. It also highlights the role of smart grids and energy storage systems in improving efficiency and reliability. Despite advantages like environmental protection and energy security, challenges such as high initial costs, intermittency, and technological limitations still exist. However, continuous advancements in technology and supportive government policies are making renewable energy more accessible and cost-effective. Overall, renewable energy plays a crucial role in ensuring a clean, secure, and sustainable energy future.","author":[{"family":"Bhore","given":"Prof"},{"family":"Sapkal","given":"Mr"},{"family":"Sapkal","given":"Mr"},{"family":"Shinde","given":"Mr"},{"family":"Shinde","given":"Mr"},{"family":"Suryawanshi","given":"Ms"},{"family":"Yadav","given":"Mr"},{"family":"Yadav","given":"Ms"},{"family":"Shinde","given":"Ms"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20521513","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20521513","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20533756","type":"article-journal","title":"The Biggest Mistakes We Made with the LUPA WEC, and How We Tackled Them","abstract":"The Laboratory Upgrade Point Absorber (LUPA) is an open-source point absorber wave energy converter (WEC) developed by Oregon State University. Its design and build were funded by the US Department of Energy and Business Oregon, commencing in 2020 and first deployed in the Large Wave Flume at the OH Hinsdale Wave Research Laboratory in Corvallis, OR, in 2022. The LUPA development team collaborated with the DOE National Marine Energy Centers (NMECs), Sandia National Laboratory (SNL), National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), and private industry to inform the design. LUPA has three configurations: one-body heave-only, two-body heave-only, and two-body six degrees of freedom, representing increasing complexity for research in power take-off controls, mooring, geometry, modeling, and more. Figure 1 shows the LUPA data acquisition and real-time control system, and the device installed in the Large Wave Flume. The orange surface float has a 1-meter diameter, and the grey spar has a 2.1-meter draft. The power take-off (PTO) is a belt and sprocket driven system between the float and spar with a real-time controlled motor/generator onboard the float. LUPA is designated as a US Department of Energy Water Power Technologies Office Signature Project. Open-source information on LUPA includes WEC-Sim, ProteusDS, and WecOptTool numerical models, real-time control code, fully detailed computer-aided drafting models, experimental data, photos, videos, and research papers. It has been laboratory tested for over 100 days, including regular and random wave experiments, system identification, center of gravity and moment of inertia tests. Users include graduate and undergraduate students, national laboratories, and TEAMER funding awardees. This depth and breadth of research topics and users have given us many successes and failures to share with the marine energy community. This presentation is focused on the lessons learned from the past 5 years of designing, building, testing, and modeling LUPA. We will detail design changes that stem from the challenges of balancing stability, safety, ease of use, minimizing scaling and friction effects, and maximizing power capture. Issues with PTO control feedback loops, along with sensor and data collection improvements and the use of GitHub to manage control code and numerical models, will be discussed. We will highlight the experimental methods that have saved us time and money without compromising quality. Finally, we will review opportunities for future improvement and directions of LUPA.","author":[{"family":"Beringer","given":"Courtney"},{"family":"Robertson","given":"Bryson"},{"family":"Bosma","given":"Bret"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20533756","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20533756","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20533757","type":"article-journal","title":"The Biggest Mistakes We Made with the LUPA WEC, and How We Tackled Them","abstract":"The Laboratory Upgrade Point Absorber (LUPA) is an open-source point absorber wave energy converter (WEC) developed by Oregon State University. Its design and build were funded by the US Department of Energy and Business Oregon, commencing in 2020 and first deployed in the Large Wave Flume at the OH Hinsdale Wave Research Laboratory in Corvallis, OR, in 2022. The LUPA development team collaborated with the DOE National Marine Energy Centers (NMECs), Sandia National Laboratory (SNL), National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), and private industry to inform the design. LUPA has three configurations: one-body heave-only, two-body heave-only, and two-body six degrees of freedom, representing increasing complexity for research in power take-off controls, mooring, geometry, modeling, and more. Figure 1 shows the LUPA data acquisition and real-time control system, and the device installed in the Large Wave Flume. The orange surface float has a 1-meter diameter, and the grey spar has a 2.1-meter draft. The power take-off (PTO) is a belt and sprocket driven system between the float and spar with a real-time controlled motor/generator onboard the float. LUPA is designated as a US Department of Energy Water Power Technologies Office Signature Project. Open-source information on LUPA includes WEC-Sim, ProteusDS, and WecOptTool numerical models, real-time control code, fully detailed computer-aided drafting models, experimental data, photos, videos, and research papers. It has been laboratory tested for over 100 days, including regular and random wave experiments, system identification, center of gravity and moment of inertia tests. Users include graduate and undergraduate students, national laboratories, and TEAMER funding awardees. This depth and breadth of research topics and users have given us many successes and failures to share with the marine energy community. This presentation is focused on the lessons learned from the past 5 years of designing, building, testing, and modeling LUPA. We will detail design changes that stem from the challenges of balancing stability, safety, ease of use, minimizing scaling and friction effects, and maximizing power capture. Issues with PTO control feedback loops, along with sensor and data collection improvements and the use of GitHub to manage control code and numerical models, will be discussed. We will highlight the experimental methods that have saved us time and money without compromising quality. Finally, we will review opportunities for future improvement and directions of LUPA.","author":[{"family":"Beringer","given":"Courtney"},{"family":"Robertson","given":"Bryson"},{"family":"Bosma","given":"Bret"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20533757","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20533757","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21869054","type":"article-journal","title":"LUCRA D2.1 Report on the Waste Management Supply Chain","abstract":"This report aims at understanding the supply chain limitations of using sawdust and OFMSW as feedstocks in the LUCRA process. Although both are residual and biodegradable, the challenges of using one or the other waste stream are quite different. On one hand, evidence suggests that sawdust production is steady, and, in spite of its natural origin, it is available at any time of the year. On the other hand, OFMSW is ruled by seasonality. This has been concluded from a literature review and four OFMSW characterisations carried out (1 per season) at the Biomethanisation Plant Las Dehesas (Madrid). Differences between seasons have been found, with winter often accounting for lower OFMSW volumes and autumn for higher ones. While weather and local characteristics influence the production of the two, there are unique aspects determining the available quantities of each feedstock, like sawmill size and milling output for sawdust or festivities and consumption trends for OFMSW. In the same way, with regard to the management supply chain of each waste type, despite the fact that some elements are identical (like the benefits of implementing cutting-edge collection technologies or the presence of fire hazards,… ), others are contrary, for example: sawdust is usually stored and OFMSW is not; there is a high market demand for sawmill residues which is non-existent for OFMSW. The biggest challenge affecting sawdust availability is that its price is closely related to fluctuations in renewable energy markets and wood trade dynamics. The moment this increases too much, LUCRA process may be unprofitable. The other two most important aspects to consider about sawdust are that its production is restricted to certain regions of the world and it has around 50% water content. Therefore, it is advisable to locate sawdust valorisation facilities close to production areas and avoid high transportation costs. In contrast to sawdust, OFMSW is guaranteed anywhere close to human settlements, however for the material to be suitable as a feedstock, current contamination levels in the stream need to be highly reduced. This cannot be achieved without strongly engaging with OFMSW producers, i.e. households and businesses. Awareness activities as well as incentives for them to separate biowaste correctly are essential. The feasibility of using sawmill residues and OFMSW as feedstocks in the LUCRA process has been partly confirmed in this Deliverable. While it has been proven that the logistics of these waste streams can be integrated in the LUCRA project, their suitability for microorganisms’ growth still needs to be tested in the remaining activities of this project.","author":[{"family":"Perez","given":"Beatriz"},{"family":"Kämäräinen","given":"Antti"},{"family":"Fonsen","given":"Ann"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21869054","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21869054","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21869055","type":"article-journal","title":"LUCRA D2.1 Report on the Waste Management Supply Chain","abstract":"This report aims at understanding the supply chain limitations of using sawdust and OFMSW as feedstocks in the LUCRA process. Although both are residual and biodegradable, the challenges of using one or the other waste stream are quite different. On one hand, evidence suggests that sawdust production is steady, and, in spite of its natural origin, it is available at any time of the year. On the other hand, OFMSW is ruled by seasonality. This has been concluded from a literature review and four OFMSW characterisations carried out (1 per season) at the Biomethanisation Plant Las Dehesas (Madrid). Differences between seasons have been found, with winter often accounting for lower OFMSW volumes and autumn for higher ones. While weather and local characteristics influence the production of the two, there are unique aspects determining the available quantities of each feedstock, like sawmill size and milling output for sawdust or festivities and consumption trends for OFMSW. In the same way, with regard to the management supply chain of each waste type, despite the fact that some elements are identical (like the benefits of implementing cutting-edge collection technologies or the presence of fire hazards,… ), others are contrary, for example: sawdust is usually stored and OFMSW is not; there is a high market demand for sawmill residues which is non-existent for OFMSW. The biggest challenge affecting sawdust availability is that its price is closely related to fluctuations in renewable energy markets and wood trade dynamics. The moment this increases too much, LUCRA process may be unprofitable. The other two most important aspects to consider about sawdust are that its production is restricted to certain regions of the world and it has around 50% water content. Therefore, it is advisable to locate sawdust valorisation facilities close to production areas and avoid high transportation costs. In contrast to sawdust, OFMSW is guaranteed anywhere close to human settlements, however for the material to be suitable as a feedstock, current contamination levels in the stream need to be highly reduced. This cannot be achieved without strongly engaging with OFMSW producers, i.e. households and businesses. Awareness activities as well as incentives for them to separate biowaste correctly are essential. The feasibility of using sawmill residues and OFMSW as feedstocks in the LUCRA process has been partly confirmed in this Deliverable. While it has been proven that the logistics of these waste streams can be integrated in the LUCRA project, their suitability for microorganisms’ growth still needs to be tested in the remaining activities of this project.","author":[{"family":"Perez","given":"Beatriz"},{"family":"Kämäräinen","given":"Antti"},{"family":"Fonsen","given":"Ann"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21869055","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21869055","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20124049","type":"article-journal","title":"Modeling Approaches for Marine Environmental Sustainability","abstract":"The growing challenges of climate change, environmental degradation, marine pollution, and ecological instability demand innovative scientific approaches that combine mathematical rigor with practical sustainability solutions. In recent decades, mathematical modelling has emerged as one of the most powerful interdisciplinary tools for understanding complex environmental systems, predicting ecological transitions, and designing evidence-based mitigation strategies. This book has been developed with the objective of contributing to this important and rapidly evolving field. The chapters presented in this volume explore a wide spectrum of contemporary environmental problems through advanced mathematical, computational, and engineering frameworks. The book focuses particularly on the application of nonlinear dynamical systems, hydrodynamic modelling, compartmental analysis, optimal control theory, machine learning integration, and sustainability-oriented engineering solutions. The first chapter, Quantifying Microplastic Flux and Control across Environmental Interfaces: An Analytical Dynamics Study, investigates the transport and accumulation of microplastics across terrestrial, aquatic, marine, and human biological systems. Through the integration of the Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM), machine learning techniques, and optimal control strategies, the study presents a comprehensive framework for understanding the long-term environmental and public health implications of microplastic pollution. The second chapter, Marine Carbon Electrochemical Buffering and Conversion System (MCEBCS): By using the novel integrated concept of carbon dioxide Emission Reduction in Marine Environments, introduces an innovative marine carbon mitigation framework based on electrochemical alkalinity enhancement and renewable energy integration. The chapter highlights the urgent need for sustainable marine carbon management technologies and proposes a scalable solution for reducing dissolved carbon dioxide concentrations while protecting marine ecosystems. The third chapter, Coupled Hydrodynamic-Biogeochemical Modelling of Coastal Ecosystem Resilience: A Comparative Study of the Sundarbans and Gulf of Mannar, presents a coupled modelling framework to investigate ecological tipping points in vulnerable coastal systems. Using Saint-Venant equations, Advection-Diffusion-Reaction models, and probabilistic Monte Carlo simulations, the work provides valuable insights into salinity intrusion, thermal stress, coral bleaching, and coastal ecosystem resilience under climate change scenarios. The fourth chapter, The Adyar River is one of the principal river systems flowing through the metropolitan region of Chennai and receives substantial anthropogenic waste originating from domestic discharge, industrial runoff, urban drainage, stormwater transport, and plastic waste accumulation. During monsoon seasons, increased hydrodynamic flow significantly enhances the transport of suspended microplastic particles toward the coastal marine ecosystem of the Bay of Bengal. Consequently, the selected study region provides an ideal environmental framework for validating the proposed nonlinear compartmental microplastic transport model. The fifth chapter, Marine resources play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance, economic growth, food security, and sustainable coastal development. However, increasing environmental pollution, overfishing, climate change, habitat destruction, and unsustainable industrial activities have significantly threatened marine ecosystems worldwide. Due to the uncertainty and interdependency among environmental, economic, technological, and policy-related factors, traditional evaluation approaches are insufficient for analysing the complex relationships affecting sustainable marine resource management. Therefore, this study proposes an integrated Interval-Valued Type-2 Intuitionistic Fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (IVT2IF","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20124049","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20124049","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20124050","type":"article-journal","title":"Modeling Approaches for Marine Environmental Sustainability","abstract":"The growing challenges of climate change, environmental degradation, marine pollution, and ecological instability demand innovative scientific approaches that combine mathematical rigor with practical sustainability solutions. In recent decades, mathematical modelling has emerged as one of the most powerful interdisciplinary tools for understanding complex environmental systems, predicting ecological transitions, and designing evidence-based mitigation strategies. This book has been developed with the objective of contributing to this important and rapidly evolving field. The chapters presented in this volume explore a wide spectrum of contemporary environmental problems through advanced mathematical, computational, and engineering frameworks. The book focuses particularly on the application of nonlinear dynamical systems, hydrodynamic modelling, compartmental analysis, optimal control theory, machine learning integration, and sustainability-oriented engineering solutions. The first chapter, Quantifying Microplastic Flux and Control across Environmental Interfaces: An Analytical Dynamics Study, investigates the transport and accumulation of microplastics across terrestrial, aquatic, marine, and human biological systems. Through the integration of the Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM), machine learning techniques, and optimal control strategies, the study presents a comprehensive framework for understanding the long-term environmental and public health implications of microplastic pollution. The second chapter, Marine Carbon Electrochemical Buffering and Conversion System (MCEBCS): By using the novel integrated concept of carbon dioxide Emission Reduction in Marine Environments, introduces an innovative marine carbon mitigation framework based on electrochemical alkalinity enhancement and renewable energy integration. The chapter highlights the urgent need for sustainable marine carbon management technologies and proposes a scalable solution for reducing dissolved carbon dioxide concentrations while protecting marine ecosystems. The third chapter, Coupled Hydrodynamic-Biogeochemical Modelling of Coastal Ecosystem Resilience: A Comparative Study of the Sundarbans and Gulf of Mannar, presents a coupled modelling framework to investigate ecological tipping points in vulnerable coastal systems. Using Saint-Venant equations, Advection-Diffusion-Reaction models, and probabilistic Monte Carlo simulations, the work provides valuable insights into salinity intrusion, thermal stress, coral bleaching, and coastal ecosystem resilience under climate change scenarios. The fourth chapter, The Adyar River is one of the principal river systems flowing through the metropolitan region of Chennai and receives substantial anthropogenic waste originating from domestic discharge, industrial runoff, urban drainage, stormwater transport, and plastic waste accumulation. During monsoon seasons, increased hydrodynamic flow significantly enhances the transport of suspended microplastic particles toward the coastal marine ecosystem of the Bay of Bengal. Consequently, the selected study region provides an ideal environmental framework for validating the proposed nonlinear compartmental microplastic transport model. The fifth chapter, Marine resources play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance, economic growth, food security, and sustainable coastal development. However, increasing environmental pollution, overfishing, climate change, habitat destruction, and unsustainable industrial activities have significantly threatened marine ecosystems worldwide. Due to the uncertainty and interdependency among environmental, economic, technological, and policy-related factors, traditional evaluation approaches are insufficient for analysing the complex relationships affecting sustainable marine resource management. Therefore, this study proposes an integrated Interval-Valued Type-2 Intuitionistic Fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (IVT2IF","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20124050","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20124050","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.14019895","type":"article-journal","title":"PRIVACY-PRESERVING TRADING IN LOCAL ENERGY MARKETS","abstract":"The transition towards sustainable energy, primarily driven by the urgent need to combat climate change and reduce environmental degradation, has led to a significant shift from conventional fossil fuels to Renewable Energy Sources (RES). Local Energy Markets (LEMs) have emerged as innovative platforms enabling RES integration by facilitating energy trading among participants. By offering trading incentives, LEMs encourage adopting renewable energy, hence promoting a greener and more sustainable energy landscape. Despite their potential, LEMs face critical challenges that hinder their broader adoption. Notably, extensive data sharing is essential for their operation and introduces significant privacy risks to users. Addressing this challenge requires LEMs to deploy advanced privacy-enhancing technologies, which brings new challenges -- high computational intensity and lack of transaction accountability. In addition, by doing so, economic incentives for users should be preserved. To address these challenges, this thesis proposes novel solutions for privacy-preserving trading in LEMs. The main contributions of the thesis are briefly summarised below. The first contribution of the thesis involves a detailed examination and discussion of the privacy-preserving trading mechanisms in LEMs. We start with a broad overview of LEMs by investigating trading mechanisms and privacy-preserving methods, establishing a solid foundation for the subsequent thesis designs. Through a comparative study of existing market models focused on privacy preservation, we ensure a complete review of the current state of the art. Furthermore, we delve into a thorough discussion of the potential frameworks for LEMs. This effort aims to analyse LEM frameworks from a technical perspective, thereby forming a base for further developing solutions for privacy-preserving LEMs. Building on this foundation, as a second contribution, the thesis presents a novel decentralised, Privacy-Friendly Energy Trading Platform (PFET), which adopts a game-theoretical framework, particularly leveraging the Stackelberg competition model. PFET stands out from current models by creating a competitive marketplace where market dynamics such as prices and demands are calculated from the competition. To protect sensitive information, including sellers' prices and buyers' demand levels, the platform utilises Homomorphic Encryption (HE). This enables buyers to compute the total demand placed on sellers in an encrypted manner, protecting participant privacy throughout the process. Our performance evaluations affirm PFET's effectiveness in maintaining user privacy within the context of a competitive market environment. The third contribution presented is a Privacy-Preserving Clearance Mechanism for Local Energy Markets (PP-LEM) designed to enhance trading efficiency within a semi-decentralised environment. PP-LEM adopts a competitive approach based on game theory, specifically utilising the Stackelberg Game, emphasising computational efficiency and privacy. Through the application of HE, PP-LEM ensures the protection of sensitive information for all parties involved, facilitating secure calculations on encrypted data without disclosing actual information. Our extensive evaluation showcases the capability of PP-LEM to deliver a clearance mechanism that is not only privacy-preserving but also computationally efficient, outperforming existing approaches. It distinguishes itself by providing computational efficiency and protecting user welfare without trade-offs. This contribution significantly contributes to the domain of privacy-preserving LEMs, offering a novel solution that provides incentive mechanisms and privacy protection with computational efficiency. Lastly, the thesis presents the Privacy-Preserving and Accountable Billing (PA-Bill) protocol tailored for peer-to-peer energy trading markets. PA-Bill tackles the issue of mismatches between committed and actual energy deliveries, ensuri","author":[{"family":"Erdayandi","given":"Kamil"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.14019895","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14019895","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.14019896","type":"article-journal","title":"PRIVACY-PRESERVING TRADING IN LOCAL ENERGY MARKETS","abstract":"The transition towards sustainable energy, primarily driven by the urgent need to combat climate change and reduce environmental degradation, has led to a significant shift from conventional fossil fuels to Renewable Energy Sources (RES). Local Energy Markets (LEMs) have emerged as innovative platforms enabling RES integration by facilitating energy trading among participants. By offering trading incentives, LEMs encourage adopting renewable energy, hence promoting a greener and more sustainable energy landscape. Despite their potential, LEMs face critical challenges that hinder their broader adoption. Notably, extensive data sharing is essential for their operation and introduces significant privacy risks to users. Addressing this challenge requires LEMs to deploy advanced privacy-enhancing technologies, which brings new challenges -- high computational intensity and lack of transaction accountability. In addition, by doing so, economic incentives for users should be preserved. To address these challenges, this thesis proposes novel solutions for privacy-preserving trading in LEMs. The main contributions of the thesis are briefly summarised below. The first contribution of the thesis involves a detailed examination and discussion of the privacy-preserving trading mechanisms in LEMs. We start with a broad overview of LEMs by investigating trading mechanisms and privacy-preserving methods, establishing a solid foundation for the subsequent thesis designs. Through a comparative study of existing market models focused on privacy preservation, we ensure a complete review of the current state of the art. Furthermore, we delve into a thorough discussion of the potential frameworks for LEMs. This effort aims to analyse LEM frameworks from a technical perspective, thereby forming a base for further developing solutions for privacy-preserving LEMs. Building on this foundation, as a second contribution, the thesis presents a novel decentralised, Privacy-Friendly Energy Trading Platform (PFET), which adopts a game-theoretical framework, particularly leveraging the Stackelberg competition model. PFET stands out from current models by creating a competitive marketplace where market dynamics such as prices and demands are calculated from the competition. To protect sensitive information, including sellers' prices and buyers' demand levels, the platform utilises Homomorphic Encryption (HE). This enables buyers to compute the total demand placed on sellers in an encrypted manner, protecting participant privacy throughout the process. Our performance evaluations affirm PFET's effectiveness in maintaining user privacy within the context of a competitive market environment. The third contribution presented is a Privacy-Preserving Clearance Mechanism for Local Energy Markets (PP-LEM) designed to enhance trading efficiency within a semi-decentralised environment. PP-LEM adopts a competitive approach based on game theory, specifically utilising the Stackelberg Game, emphasising computational efficiency and privacy. Through the application of HE, PP-LEM ensures the protection of sensitive information for all parties involved, facilitating secure calculations on encrypted data without disclosing actual information. Our extensive evaluation showcases the capability of PP-LEM to deliver a clearance mechanism that is not only privacy-preserving but also computationally efficient, outperforming existing approaches. It distinguishes itself by providing computational efficiency and protecting user welfare without trade-offs. This contribution significantly contributes to the domain of privacy-preserving LEMs, offering a novel solution that provides incentive mechanisms and privacy protection with computational efficiency. Lastly, the thesis presents the Privacy-Preserving and Accountable Billing (PA-Bill) protocol tailored for peer-to-peer energy trading markets. PA-Bill tackles the issue of mismatches between committed and actual energy deliveries, ensuri","author":[{"family":"Erdayandi","given":"Kamil"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.14019896","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14019896","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.12204888","type":"article-journal","title":"PROMOTION OF SWEET SORGHUM CULTIVATION FOR CLIMATE RESILIENCE AND ECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION IN SOUTHERN NIGERIA","abstract":"The negative impact of Nigeria’s dependence on fossil fuel as its major source of energy and foreign exchange, and the fact that over 90% of the nation’s ethanol requirement is imported have brought about the need to look for alternative sources of ethanol, particularly from crops. Ethanol has become a ‘renewable liquid gold’ with the recent outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic as it is a major raw material in the production of sanitizers. Local ethanol production from crops offers a sustainable eco-friendly energy option and will make a direct and sustainable impact on gainful youth employment, food security, and improved livelihoods for the populace. In this vein, only ethanol produced from sweet sorghum (unlike cassava and maize) does not compromise food security as farmers can use its grains for food or feed and stalks for ethanol production. Northern Nigeria accounted for almost 99% of the nation’s total sorghum production. However, the region is affected by climate change and desert encroachment, thereby resulting in a decline in national sorghum output. Though recent research has shown that Southern Nigeria is very suitable for the cultivation of sorghum, there is a need to evaluate factors that can promote the adoption of sweet sorghum. Practices to improve the resilience of systems and populations to climate change and other stresses include economic diversification through the promotion of climate-resilient crops like sweet sorghum. Therefore, this paper aims to review the current efforts at promoting sweet sorghum cultivation in Southern Nigeria and offers a possible approach to hasten it.","author":[{"family":"Fayeun","given":"Lawerence"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.12204888","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12204888","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.12204391","type":"article-journal","title":"PROMOTION OF SWEET SORGHUM CULTIVATION FOR CLIMATE RESILIENCE AND ECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION IN SOUTHERN NIGERIA","abstract":"The negative impact of Nigeria’s dependence on fossil fuel as its major source of energy and foreign exchange, and the fact that over 90% of the nation’s ethanol requirement is imported have brought about the need to look for alternative sources of ethanol, particularly from crops. Ethanol has become a ‘renewable liquid gold’ with the recent outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic as it is a major raw material in the production of sanitizers. Local ethanol production from crops offers a sustainable eco-friendly energy option and will make a direct and sustainable impact on gainful youth employment, food security, and improved livelihoods for the populace. In this vein, only ethanol produced from sweet sorghum (unlike cassava and maize) does not compromise food security as farmers can use its grains for food or feed and stalks for ethanol production. Northern Nigeria accounted for almost 99% of the nation’s total sorghum production. However, the region is affected by climate change and desert encroachment, thereby resulting in a decline in national sorghum output. Though recent research has shown that Southern Nigeria is very suitable for the cultivation of sorghum, there is a need to evaluate factors that can promote the adoption of sweet sorghum. Practices to improve the resilience of systems and populations to climate change and other stresses include economic diversification through the promotion of climate-resilient crops like sweet sorghum. Therefore, this paper aims to review the current efforts at promoting sweet sorghum cultivation in Southern Nigeria and offers a possible approach to hasten it.","author":[{"family":"Fayeun","given":"Lawerence"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.12204391","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12204391","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.26434/chemrxiv.15007029/v1","type":"manuscript","title":"Deciphering Interfacial Phenomena in Hybrid Electrolytes: Pioneering Solid-State Battery Progress","abstract":"Understanding the interfacial behavior at the interface within solid hybrid polymer/ceramic electrolytes is crucial for advancing solid state battery technology. In this study, we investigate the effect of grafting various polymer monomers onto the surface of a lithium-ion conducting material, lithium aluminum titanium phosphate (LATP), through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Specifically, we examine the adsorption and grafting of polycaprolactone (PCL), propionate, pentyl carbonate, and polyoxyethylene monomers onto the LATP surface. Grafting PCL onto LATP enhances interfacial stability by promoting stronger chemisorptive interactions compared to physisorption observed during simple adsorption. We explore the impact of monomer size and functional group on the adsorption energy and shifting of nearby lithium ions from the LATP surface. We find that smaller monomers with similar functional groups exhibit stronger bonding to the LATP surface. The influence of grafting density on interfacial lithium-ion energetics is also examined. While complete Li extraction from a perfect LATP surface remains energetically unfavorable, grafted monomers reduce the relative energy differences associated with lithium-ion positioning near the interface, suggesting a modified local environment that may facilitate interfacial ion transport. Electronic structure analysis reveals hybridization between grafted monomers and the LATP surface and indicates that the grafted species retain sizable band gaps, supporting their electrochemical stability. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the design of polymer-solid electrolyte interfaces for advanced hybrid solid-state batteries.","author":[{"family":"Zhour","given":"Kazem"},{"family":"Heuer","given":"Andreas"},{"family":"Diddens","given":"Diddo"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.26434/chemrxiv.15007029/v1","URL":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15007029/v1","source":"crossref"},{"id":"doi:10.1039/d6mh00816j","type":"article-journal","title":"Beyond coatings: epitaxial interface engineering for high-energy liquid-electrolyte and solid-state batteries.","abstract":"Interfacial instability limits the performance of high-energy batteries. In both liquid-electrolyte and solid-state battery systems, degradation at the cathode surface is critical, where electrolyte reactivity, lattice oxygen instability, transition-metal dissolution, and mechanical damage can develop together. Conventional coating strategies can mitigate parasitic reactions, but many coatings remain structurally discontinuous, weakly bonded to the cathode, or transport-limiting. This Perspective presents epitaxial interface engineering (EIE) as a route to more integrated cathode surface design. In battery materials, EIE does not require ideal thin-film epitaxy. It refers to thin, surface-localized structures that are crystallographically correlated with the cathode and chemically coupled to it through a bonded interface. Such architectures can stabilize reactive cathode surfaces while preserving ion and electron transport. We examine the definition and verification of EIE, the formation of growth-mode-derived architectures, and representative examples in liquid-electrolyte and solid-state batteries. Remaining challenges and future directions for EIE are discussed in the final section.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1039/d6mh00816j","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6mh00816j","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1002/anie.4266547","type":"article-journal","title":"Graphdiyne Oxide-Enabled Solid-State Proton Battery Exhibiting Superior Rate Capability.","abstract":"Proton batteries are emerging as a promising next-generation energy storage technology, featuring high safety, superior power density, and excellent stability. However, the development of solid-state electrolytes with high proton conductivity remains a significant challenge. Herein, graphdiyne oxide (GDYO) is proposed as a novel solid-state electrolyte for proton batteries for the first time. By constructing a three-dimensional hydrogen bonding network with phosphoric acid, the resulting GDYO@H 3 PO 4 electrolyte effectively addresses the low conductivity issue of conventional solid-state electrolytes at room temperature. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and solid-state fluorescence spectroscopy confirm the formation of an interconnected hydrogen bonding network between GDYO sheets and H 3 PO 4 , facilitating efficient proton transport via a hopping transport mechanism. The assembled hydrous vanadium hexacyanoferrate//MoO 3 (VHCF//MoO 3 ) full solid-state proton battery demonstrates superior rate capability, retaining 53.6% of its capacity retention at an ultrahigh charge-discharge rate of 50C. Furthermore, the battery delivers remarkable cycling stability with a specific capacity of 102.2 mAh g - 1 and 90.2% capacity retention after 4500 cycles, significantly outperforming state-of-the-art systems. This research will provide a new way to construct solid-state proton battery with long cycling stability and high performance, and highlight the exceptional potential of GDYO as a molecular-level design platform for advanced electrocatalysts in solid-state batteries.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1002/anie.4266547","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.4266547","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41467-026-73012-4","type":"article-journal","title":"Bulk-to-interface fluorination for stable and low-pressure all-solid-state lithium metal batteries.","abstract":"All-solid-state lithium metal batteries are widely considered promising next-generation energy storage systems owing to high specific energy and enhanced safety. However, their practical deployment is hindered by high stack pressure and inferior electrochemical performance. Here, we exploit the fast thermodynamic diffusion of fluorine atoms to design a core-shell structured sulfide electrolyte, Li 5.4 PS 4.4 Cl 1.4 F 0.2 -0.2LiF, featuring 50&#x2009;nm LiF nanoshell and F-enriched bulk. During electrochemical operation, fluorine atoms diffuse into the LiNi 0.83 Co 0.12 Mn 0.05 O 2 positive electrode lattice, enhancing structural robustness and mitigating mechanochemical failure, while the LiF nanoshell stabilizes both the Li metal negative electrode and positive electrode interfaces through spontaneous fluorination diffusion. As a result, full cells demonstrate good electrochemical performance, including long cycle life, high-voltage stability, and robust operation across a wide temperature window. Furthermore, all-solid-state pouch cells operated under a low stack pressure of 2.5&#x2009;MPa exhibit stable cycling over 350 cycles (1&#x2009;C) with 85% capacity retention, and achieve a high specific energy of over 400&#x2009;Wh/kg (based on solid electrolyte, Li metal, and positive electrode materials). This bulk-to-interface fluorination strategy effectively mitigates mechanochemical failures, offering an alternative pathway toward low-pressure, long-life, and high-energy all-solid-state batteries.","author":[{"family":"Yb","given":"He"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1038/s41467-026-73012-4","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-73012-4","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41467-026-74625-5","type":"article-journal","title":"Strain-coordination strategy enabling long-cycling all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries.","abstract":"All-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries offer high energy density and enhanced safety. However, their practical application is hindered by high external operating pressure to mitigate mechano-chemical failures at interfaces. Here we show a strain-coordination strategy that leverages the opposite volume changes of electrodes during cycling to reduce electrode-level stress evolution and the external pressure required for stable operation. Using an FeS 2 positive electrode and a prelithiated Si negative electrode as a representative system, we modulate the Li-to-Si ratio to achieve a near-zero-strain effect, where the expansion of FeS 2 and the contraction of Li 2 Si partially counterbalance each other. This self-compensated electrode configuration mitigates mechano-electrochemical degradation under reduced pressure. As a result, the all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries deliver a discharge capacity of 868.4&#x2009;mAh&#x2009;g &#x207b;1 at 15&#x2009;MPa. Under 100&#x2009;MPa, the cells achieve an areal capacity of 21.7&#x2009;mAh&#x2009;cm &#x207b;2 , and cycle life 4500 cycles at 1&#x2009;C (60&#x2009;min) and 140,000 cycles at 15&#x2009;C (4&#x2009;min). Furthermore, low-pressure all-solid-state pouch cells achieve stable cycling over 500 cycles at 15&#x2009;MPa. This strain-coordination strategy provides an approach for enabling stable operation of all-solid-state batteries under reduced external pressure.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1038/s41467-026-74625-5","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-74625-5","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1126/sciadv.aec8124","type":"article-journal","title":"High-energy-density aqueous magnesium metal battery textiles enable ultrasensitive pressure sensing across -40° to 100°C.","abstract":"Smart wearable sensing systems necessitate self-powered, high-sensitivity pressure sensors that can operate efficiently across a wide temperature range. Here, we present a high-energy-density aqueous magnesium metal battery (AMMB) textile for ultrasensitive pressure sensing from -40&#xb0; to 100&#xb0;C. The AMMB-type pressure (AMMB-P) sensing textile features a porous quasi-solid-state polyethylene oxide-magnesium chloride electrolyte that inhibits magnesium corrosion via hydrogen-bond anchoring, paired with a breathable carbon cloth cathode and woven magnesium anode. The innovative design achieves an ultrahigh sensitivity of 687.32&#xa0;millivolts per kilopascal, a low detection limit (0.96&#xa0;pascals), long-term durability (200,000 cycles), and exceptional breathability (water vapor permeability, 2281.4&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;249.8&#xa0;grams per square meter per day; air permeability, 628.0&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;9.1&#xa0;millimeters per second). The unique anticrystallization properties of electrolyte ensure a stable operation of the AMMB-P sensing textile in extreme temperatures ranging from -40&#xb0; to 100&#xb0;C. Under high-pressure condition, our AMMB-P sensing textile can be converted into a reliable power source with high energy density of 287.92&#xa0;watt-hours per kilogram, ensuring stable self-powered operation. Coupled with machine learning, the AMMB-P sensing array enables intelligent object recognition and autonomous robotic control even under harsh conditions. Our work advances self-powered pressure-sensing textiles tailored for extreme-environment exploration, enabling interactive perception in humanoid robots and individual health management under harsh service conditions.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1126/sciadv.aec8124","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aec8124","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00604-026-08190-5","type":"article-journal","title":"Micromotor-assisted graphene field-effect transistor for label-free and ultrasensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 in complex matrices.","abstract":"Outbreaks of infectious diseases pose a major challenge to public health and social development, creating an urgent need for rapid, sensitive, and field-deployable diagnostic platforms. We developed a label-free sensing strategy for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by integrating antibody-functionalized Fe 3 O 4 @TiO 2 @MnO 2 magnetic micromotors with a graphene field-effect transistor (GFET). The micromotors exhibited self-propulsion in H 2 O 2 solution due to catalytic oxygen generation, which enhanced target capture and enrichment efficiency. After magnetic separation, the collected micromotor-target complexes were directly analyzed by GFET for quantitative detection. Under optimized conditions, the platform showed a wide linear response and achieved an ultralow limit of detection of ag/mL in PBS. The sensing system also maintained reliable analytical performance in complex matrices, with detection limits of 37.5 ag/mL in human serum and 19.1 ag/mL in soil solution. In addition, the platform exhibited excellent reproducibility and favorable reusability. These results demonstrate that the proposed micromotor-assisted GFET platform provides a sensitive and robust approach for SARS-CoV-2 detection and holds considerable promise for on-site determination of infectious pathogens in complex real-sample environments.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1007/s00604-026-08190-5","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-026-08190-5","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41467-026-71876-0","type":"article-journal","title":"Functional modules for enhanced amorphous composite halide solid electrolytes for low-temperature all-solid-state lithium batteries.","abstract":"Solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) are the essential component of all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). Designing better SSEs holds the key to the success of the ASSBs. Here, this study effectively realises the design of SSEs through functional modules. Various functional designs have been achieved by incorporating different functional models. Here, we initially introduce LaCl 3 , which possesses a UCl 3 structure, as a functional module to demonstrate the feasibility of our approach. The Li 2 O-1.8TaCl 5 -0.2LaCl 3 (LTLOC) SSE enable the ASSB with LiNi 0.88 Co 0.09 Mn 0.03 O 2 (NCM88) to exhibit stable cycling and stable operation at low temperature (-30&#x2009;&#xb0;C). Additionally, various types of functional modules, including chloride, oxide, and fluoride, have been successfully introduced, further supporting the universality of amorphous functional module design. Furthermore, the incorporation of low-cost and low-density AlF 3 highlights the benefits of this design approach, as it allows for a high proportion of fluoride to be introduced without compromising ionic conductivity. Li 2 O-1.8TaCl 5 -5AlF 3 (LTOC-5AlF 3 ) exhibits stability in humid conditions, resistance to high voltage, and compatibility with lithium metal simultaneously. The key strength of this design approach is its ability to maintain advantages and make up for the shortcomings.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1038/s41467-026-71876-0","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-71876-0","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1021/acsami.6c05556","type":"article-journal","title":"Constructing Electronic and Spatial Barriers: A Practical Strategy for High-Performance All-Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries.","abstract":"Argyrodite-type sulfide electrolytes are promising for all-solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs) due to their high ionic conductivity and processability. However, their high electronic conductivity and porous structure promote Li dendrite growth. In this work, a simple, effective, and practical strategy has been developed to simultaneously reduce the electronic conductivity and porosity of the electrolyte membrane by incorporating commercial nanoscale dielectric materials into the electrolyte membrane and further mitigate dendritic growth. The additive can passivate the anode interface and form a uniform distribution of ion transport. In addition, it acts as an electronic barrier blocking the formation metallic Li at the grain boundaries. As a result, the critical current density of the Li symmetric cell is doubled, and its cycling performance is improved by 14 times (1400 h at 1.0 mA cm -2 ), surpassing the pure Li 6 PS 5 Cl for Li metal. The ASSLMB not only exhibits a high initial discharge capacity of 213.3 mAh g -1 at 0.1 C, high-rate performance at 3 C, and excellent cycling performance of 80.69% capacity retention ratio after 900 cycles. This work delineates a versatile design paradigm for developing dense, electronically insulating composite electrolytes, paving the way for dendrite-free and highly stable ASSLMBs.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1021/acsami.6c05556","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6c05556","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40820-026-02200-0","type":"article-journal","title":"Multiphysics Modeling and Analysis for Dendrite Problems in Solid-State Lithium/Sodium Metal Batteries.","abstract":"The commercialization of liquid lithium-ion batteries has revolutionized the consumer electronics industry. However, conventional lithium-ion batteries with graphite anodes and organic electrolytes are approaching their intrinsic performance limits and struggle to meet the growing demands for higher energy density, reliability, and safety in electric vehicles and large-scale energy storage. Solid-state batteries utilizing lithium or sodium metal anodes are considered promising next-generation energy storage solutions. Despite this potential, the formation of dendrites during charge-discharge cycling remains a critical challenge. Dendrite growth can initiate a destructive feedback loop of crack propagation and further dendrite intrusion, ultimately leading to battery failure and performance degradation. Previous studies have predominantly focused on single physical domains, such as electrochemical, stress, or thermal fields. However, such single-physics approach limits the understanding of dendrite evolution under realistic, coupled multiphysics conditions. This review first compares the morphological characteristics of dendrites in liquid and solid-state metal batteries. It then critically examines the key factors and predictive models of dendrite formation, initially from single-physics and subsequently from an integrated multiphysics perspective. Finally, strategies for mitigating dendrite growth via multiphysics field regulation are summarized. By establishing a comprehensive framework that integrates morphology evolution, multiphysics modeling, and suppression strategies, this work provides a foundational theoretical understanding for addressing dendrite formation in solid-state lithium and sodium metal batteries.","author":[{"family":"Ys","given":"Hu"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1007/s40820-026-02200-0","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-026-02200-0","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1002/smll.73925","type":"article-journal","title":"A High-Performance Solid-State Secondary Battery Using a Triple-Phase-Interface Anode Displaying Excellent Capacity and Electrochemical Kinetics.","abstract":"Solid-state sodium-ion batteries (SSSIBs) combining with good safety and appropriate cost are considered as a promising emerging energy-storage system. However, poor electrochemical reversibility and sluggish kinetics of anodes remain critical bottlenecks. Here, we develop a CoS/Co 9 S 8 /SnS composite coated with nitrogen-doped carbon (named as CoS/Co 9 S 8 /SnS@NC), where a triple-phase-interface heterostructure is constructed among CoS, Co 9 S 8 and SnS, which enables synergistically amplifying of electric field network and thus improving electron/ion transport kinetics. The CoS/Co 9 S 8 /SnS@NC as SSSIB anode exhibits excellent compatibility with conventional Na 3 PS 4 solid-electrolyte, and delivers a large capacity of 441 mAh g - 1 after 120 cycles at 0.5 A g - 1 , and superior rate-performance of 348.7 mAh g - 1 at 5.0 A g - 1 . Stable high-temperature tolerance (capacity keeps 502 mAh g - 1 after 50 cycles), and solid-state full-cells paring with Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 cathode, are also achievable. Synergistic enhancement effect of the heterostructure is demonstrated via ex situ characterizations and in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, which verifies that the triple-phase-interface efficiently reduces the charge transfer resistance and promotes ion diffusion. These findings provide a general strategy for engineering triple-phase-interface heterostructures for energy-storage with optimal interfaces, and sheds light on the fundamental understanding of interface-enhanced solid-state batteries.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1002/smll.73925","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.73925","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134942","type":"article-journal","title":"Visible-light-assisted ionic liquid system for fractionating corn stalk at low temperature.","abstract":"Efficient fractionation of lignocellulosic components is essential for sustainable biomass valorization. Herein, a visible-light-assisted ionic liquid (IL) composite system composed of 30% 2-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methylethanaminium methanesulfonate ([BHEM]mesy) and 70% ethylene glycol, containing 0.1&#xa0;wt% photocatalyst g-C 3 N 4 , was developed to achieve low temperature photothermal fractionation of corn stalk. The IL provides protonic sites and hydrogen-bonding capability for lignin solubilization, while the dispersed photocatalyst absorbs light energy to accelerate mass transfer and enhance solvation selectivity between lignin and cellulose. Under the optimized conditions (80 &#x2103;, 4&#xa0;h), 83.03% of lignin is removed while 84.68% of cellulose is retained. The regenerated lignin exhibits reduced molecular weight, while the purified cellulose phase enables aerogel fabrication. Compared to conventional hydrothermal pretreatment, visible-light coupling enhances the pretreatment process, reduces the reaction temperature and maintains cellulose crystallinity, confirming its superior pretreatment efficiency. This study establishes an integrated photothermal biomass fractionation strategy that offers a novel and highly efficient method for biomass utilization.","author":[{"family":"Rr","given":"Neiber"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134942","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134942","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1002/smll.74267","type":"article-journal","title":"3DOM POM@MOF-Enhanced Polymer Electrolytes Enabling Dendrite-Suppressed, High-Performance All-Solid-State Lithium-Metal Battery.","abstract":"All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) provide high energy density and improved safety but remain limited by lithium dendrite formation and low ionic conductivity at room temperature. This work reports an effective strategy to address these issues by incorporating hierarchically ordered macro/microporous polyoxometalate-based metal-organic frameworks (3DOM POM@MOFs), specifically 3DOM NENU-3a, into a polyethylene oxide (PEO) matrix to form a composite solid electrolyte (CSE). The three-dimensionally ordered macroporous structure, prepared via a hard-template method, preserves the advantages of microporous POM@MOFs while introducing interconnected macropores that enhance ion transport. With only 1&#xa0;wt.% 3DOM NENU-3a added to a PEO/lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) system, the resulting CSE exhibits high ionic conductivity (1.32 &#xd7; 10 -4 S cm -1 at room temperature), high apparent lithium-ion transference numbers (0.76 at room temperature and 0.89 at 60&#xb0;C), and an expanded apparent electrochemical stability window up to 6.3&#xa0;V at 60&#xb0;C. These properties enable uniform lithium deposition and effectively suppress lithium dendrite growth during long-term cycling by promoting uniform Li deposition. ASSLBs using LiFePO 4 cathodes show excellent long-term cycling stability and rate performance, while cells paired with LiNi 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 O 2 (NMC622) cathodes demonstrate robust cycling at elevated temperatures. This study highlights the potential of 3DOM POM@MOF fillers for developing high-performance, dendrite-resistant ASSLBs.","author":[{"family":"Tpm","given":"Duong"},{"family":"Kj","given":"Nyamtara"},{"family":"Mc","given":"Nguyen"},{"family":"Nc","given":"Karima"},{"family":"Yw","given":"Lee"},{"family":"Sn","given":"Lim"},{"family":"Hk","given":"Kim"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1002/smll.74267","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.74267","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40820-026-02157-0","type":"article-journal","title":"Revisiting the Modification Strategies of Alloy-Base Anode for Solid-State Lithium-Ion Batteries Through Deconstructing Anode-Interface-Solid Electrolyte.","abstract":"In recent years, advanced battery systems based on solid electrolytes have become a research hotspot to replace traditional liquid lithium-ion batteries due to their significant advantages in energy storage performance and safety. The alloy anode materials (such as Si, Sn, and P) have attracted much attention due to their significantly higher theoretical capacity than graphite. This article systematically reviews the characteristics, key challenge and the latest progress of alloy-solid-state batteries at the anode and solid electrolyte levels. It is emphasized that through strategies such as structural design, material composite, surface engineering and overall electrode system optimization, the volume expansion problem of alloy materials during the cycling process can be alleviated. Meanwhile, in-depth analyses of the dynamic evolution of the interface of solid electrolytes, the kinetics of lithium-ion transport, and the failure mechanisms and innovative strategies in terms of mechanical properties have also been conducted. In addition, this paper introduces the in-depth analysis of the dynamic mechanism in the lithiation process through advanced in situ characterization techniques and multi-physics field simulation methods, thereby providing theoretical guidance for material design. Finally, the potential directions and future opportunities for promoting the development of solid-state batteries with alloy-based anodes are explored.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1007/s40820-026-02157-0","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-026-02157-0","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1021/acsami.5c25615","type":"article-journal","title":"Facilely Constructing Li&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;P/Fe Dual-Conductive Interface for High-Performance Garnet-Based Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries.","abstract":"Garnet-type Li 6.4 La 3 Zr 1.4 Ta 0.6 O 12 (LLZTO) is recognized as an ideal solid-state electrolyte candidate for high-energy-density solid-state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs), offering high ionic conductivity and good lithium compatibility. However, poor interfacial wettability with lithium anodes and lithium dendrite formation during cycling hinder its application, causing escalated interfacial resistance and short-circuit risks. To address these challenges, this study proposes an efficient and scalable solution-coating strategy: a uniform FeP coating is deposited on the LLZTO surface, and an in situ chemical reaction between molten lithium and FeP successfully constructs a Li 3 P/Fe composite interfacial layer with mixed ionic/electronic conductivity. This layer significantly reduces interfacial impedance through the synergistic effect of Li 3 P (ionic conductor) and Fe (electronic conductor) while effectively suppressing lithium dendrite nucleation and penetration by leveraging the high interfacial energy of Li 3 P and the uniform lithium deposition guidance effect of Fe. Therefore, the symmetric cell based on the Li 3 P/Fe-modified interface achieves stable cycling for over 2200 h at a current density of 0.1 mA cm -2 . Furthermore, the full cell assembled with a LiFePO 4 (LFP) cathode retains 88.6% capacity retention after 100 cycles at 1 C, demonstrating exceptional long-term cycling stability. This interface engineering strategy provides a novel design approach for developing solid-state lithium metal batteries with high safety, high energy density, and long lifespan, offering significant reference value for advancing the industrialization of solid-state batteries.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1021/acsami.5c25615","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5c25615","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1021/acsami.6c02749","type":"article-journal","title":"New Perspective on the Development of Stable, High-Power-Density 5 V-Class All-Solid-State Lithium-Ion Batteries.","abstract":"The correlation between the electrochemical performance and the electronic structure and chemical composition of the cathode/electrolyte- and anode/electrolyte interfaces in all-solid-state batteries (ASSB) is systematically studied. ASSBs are composed of LiCoPO 4 (LCP) or LiCoO 2 (redox potential &#x223c;4.8 V and &#x223c;3.8 V vs Li + /Li, respectively) thin-film cathode materials, Li 1+ x Al x Ti 2- x (PO 4 ) 3 (LATP) as the solid-state electrolyte, and lithium metal as the anode. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) interface experiments on LCP thin-film deposition on the LATP surface reveal a partial reduction of Ti 4+ ions attributed to electronic charge transfer from LCP to LATP without the involvement of the PO 4 polyanion in the process. Electrochemical activity of the ASSBs is primarily limited by the anode/electrolyte interface rather than the cathode/electrolyte interface. Postcycling XPS analysis of the Li|LATP interface indicates lateral and in-depth chemical inhomogeneity with a strong change in PO 4 polyanionic chemical environment and Li + accumulation at the areas with a better electrolyte/anode contact. Engineering the Li|LATP interface via coating of the LATP surface with lithium oxynitride (LiPON) or a LiTFSI-PEO polymer electrolyte, or by wetting the LATP with the liquid electrolytes, significantly improves battery cycling stability even without artificial interface modification at the cathode side. The optimized Li|LiTFSI-PEO|LATP|LCP cells showed excellent cycling performance between 3.0 and 5.0 V at a charging time of 12 min (&#x2248; 5C rate). Stable cycling was sustained over 10 cycles, followed by 30 and 50 additional cycles at reduced charging rates (&#x2248; 4C and 1C, respectively). Good electrochemical cyclability was further demonstrated with an upper cutoff voltage of 5.3 V vs Li + /Li.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1021/acsami.6c02749","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6c02749","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2026.140961","type":"article-journal","title":"Redox-active covalent organic framework electrolyte modulates interfacial Li&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; deposition for stable solid-state lithium metal batteries.","abstract":"Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have been widely recognized as promising candidates for safe and high-energy-density solid-state lithium metal batteries. Nevertheless, their practical application is hampered by critical challenges in mechanical properties, ionic transport and interfacial stability. In this work, a redox-active covalent organic framework (denoted as TNCOF) is proposed to modulate interfacial Li + deposition behavior. The TNCOF featuring abundant carbonyls and triazine rings, not only facilitates Li salt dissociation and provides ordered ion conduction pathways but also regulates the local Li + environment through its redox-active units. Consequently, the optimized composite polymer electrolyte (CPE-8%TNCOF) exhibits an excellent performance with an ionic conductivity of 8.35&#xa0;&#xd7;&#xa0;10 -4 &#xa0;S&#xa0;cm -1 , a lithium-ion transfer number ( [Formula: see text] ) of 0.45. Moreover, the TNCOF promotes homogeneous Li nucleation and induces the formation of Li 2 O-rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Impressively, the assembled all-solid-state LiS battery delivers a retention of 86.26% over 100&#xa0;cycles at 0.2C. More notably, the LiFePO 4 |CPE-8%TNCOF|Li battery delivers a discharge capacity of 143&#xa0;mA&#xa0;h&#xa0;g -1 after 400&#xa0;cycles at 0.5C, corresponding to capacity retention of 93.46%, and maintains stable operation for 1000&#xa0;cycles at 1C. This study provids new design ideas and reliable experimental basis for redox-mediated interfacial engineering in solid-state lithium metal batteries.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.jcis.2026.140961","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2026.140961","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1002/anie.2595440","type":"article-journal","title":"A High-Performance, Low-Cost and Recyclable Solid Electrolyte for Practical All-Solid-State Lithium-Based Batteries.","abstract":"The commercialization of all-solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs) is constrained by the absence of a suitable solid electrolyte (SE) that simultaneously offers high ionic conductivity, favorable processability, electrochemical stability with electrodes, and cost-effectiveness. Herein, we report a novel polyoxometalate-based SE, Li 4 SiW 12 O 40 (LSWO), featuring a Keggin-type anion framework that constructs a three-dimensionally interconnected lithium-ion migration network, endowing it with a high room-temperature ionic conductivity (6.19 &#xd7; 10 -4 S cm -1 ). Additionally, the discrete Keggin-type anion framework endows the material with excellent compressibility, achieving a relative density of 90.3% under 300&#xa0;MPa. A robust gradient interfacial passivation layer can also be generated to stabilize the Li metal electrode, enabling the Li/LSWO/Li symmetric cell to achieve a critical current density of 4.2&#xa0;mA cm -2 and sustain long-term cycling for over 2400&#xa0;h at 0.2&#xa0;mA cm -2 . Notably, the ASSLMBs with Li/LSWO/LiNi 0.8 Mn 0.1 Co 0.1 O 2 configuration exhibit remarkable cycling stability, delivering capacity retentions of 93.3% after 140 cycles at 0.5 C in coin cells and 88.2% after 200 cycles at 0.5 C in pouch cells. Techno-economic analysis reveals that LSWO exhibits significant cost-effectiveness compared to representative SEs. The high-performance and low-cost LSWO SE presents a promising candidate to facilitate the commercialization of ASSLMBs.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1002/anie.2595440","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.2595440","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1021/acsnano.6c04897","type":"article-journal","title":"Hard-Soft Gradient-Engineered Oxychloride Coating on Ni-Rich Cathodes for All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries.","abstract":"All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) employing Ni-rich layered oxide cathodes (NRLOs) and sulfide solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) hold great promise for high energy density and enhanced safety, yet they suffer from severe interfacial instability. This study precisely constructs a composite gradient coating on the surface of NRLOs by using atomic layer deposition. The oxygen-rich inner layer, which is induced by the reaction between TiCl 4 and predeposited Li 2 O/LiOH, functions as an electrochemically inert barrier that enhances structural integrity and suppresses transition-metal dissolution, whereas the chlorine-rich outer layer acts as a compliant interfacial region with favorable compatibility toward sulfide SSE, which accommodates volume changes during cycling and mitigates mechanical stress at the cathode/sulfide SSE interface. Additionally, the well-structured LiCl nanocrystals formed within the coating layer improve both the cycling stability and Li + transport kinetics. The optimized NCM95 cathode demonstrates exceptional cycling stability (96.9% capacity retention after 200 cycles) and rate capability (103 mAh g -1 at 2 C) at room temperature. This work underscores the importance of designing multifunctional coatings and provides a scalable approach to stabilizing the cathode/electrolyte interface for high-energy ASSLBs.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1021/acsnano.6c04897","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6c04897","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.24406/publica-7538","type":"article-journal","title":"The geostrategic race for leadership in future electric vehicle battery technologies","abstract":"Global leadership in electric vehicle battery technologies has become a critical geopolitical issue. This study analyzes a dataset of 32 572 patent families across six promising future battery technologies, along with policy documents, to assess the dynamics of geostrategic competition and regional positioning. While China leads in the number of patents across all six technologies, global leadership in patent quality varies, reflecting differences in regional policies and their effectiveness. Specifically, the findings reveal diverging competitive dynamics between high-energy lithium-based technologies (e.g., lithium solid-state batteries) and low-cost non-lithium-based technologies (e.g., sodium-ion batteries). This suggests a need to reassess competitiveness strategies, particularly in Western regions, which currently focus on developing domestic markets for established lithium-ion battery technologies and gaining more control over today's battery supply chains. In contrast, policies in China, Japan, and South Korea prioritize investment in the future battery patent landscape, where these regions already account for nearly 85% of global patents. This highlights a growing global innovation imbalance. Moreover, there is a risk that this innovation gap will continue to widen due to increasing disparities in technological capabilities, potentially jeopardizing geostrategic autonomy for some regions. Tailored policies and targeted investments in Europe and the United States are essential to achieve competitive positioning, enhance technological autonomy, and meet climate neutrality goals.","author":[{"family":"Hemmelder","given":"André"},{"family":"Tietze","given":"Frank"},{"family":"Lux","given":"Simon"},{"family":"Leker","given":"Jens"},{"family":"Jahnke","given":"Lars"},{"family":"Delft","given":"Stephan"},{"family":"Unav"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.24406/publica-7538","URL":"https://doi.org/10.24406/publica-7538","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.24406/publica-7536","type":"article-journal","title":"Insights into dry battery electrode manufacturing: Unveiling the patent landscape","abstract":"The advent of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has resulted in increased requirements and demands, which has in turn led to the upscaling of manufacturing to gigafactory scale. At this scale, energy consumption and production costs represent crucial targets for innovations. Both targets are simultaneously addressed by dry battery electrode (DBE) manufacturing, through the elimination of toxic solvents and the subsequent omission of the energy-intensive drying procedure. Additionally, it has the potential of improved performance and compatibility towards the production of all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) compared to solvent-based coating. Prior research either focuses on laboratory-scale applications or summarizing research advancements. Consequently, a gap regarding the application of data science analysis in the field of dry coating remains in literature. To fill this gap, a dataset comprising the four primary DBE manufacturing technologies, devices and materials is subjected to an in-depth analysis. This analysis addresses the historic evolution of each technology and the underlying processes, thereby identifying the calendering mechanisms that employ binder fibrillation as the major fields of interest, offering the biggest revenue. The breakdown by region and assignee identified the United States, particularly Tesla and Maxwell, as the pioneering actor in free-standing calendering of DBEs, both in terms of total number and impact of the portfolio. However, the recent expiration of the initially patented free-standing calendering technology by Maxwell has paved the way for several other companies to innovate and extend the approach, with LG Chem currently leading the way with 74 applications. The examination of the chemistries and binders indicated a growing interest in ASSBs and binder systems without per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), suggesting that both fields demonstrate the greatest innovation potential in conjunction with the successful implementation of the DBE calendering technologies.","author":[{"family":"Greitemeier","given":"Tim"},{"family":"Lux","given":"Simon"},{"family":"Unav"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.24406/publica-7536","URL":"https://doi.org/10.24406/publica-7536","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.3929/ethz-c-000803433","type":"article-journal","title":"Unlocking Anion Reduction of Lithium Perchlorate via Electrochemically Coupled Oxygen Atom Transfer","abstract":"The growing demand for high energy density electrochemical energy storage necessitates energy vectors that maximize the number of electrons transferred per formula unit of active material. Herein, we introduce electrochemically coupled oxygen atom transfer (OAT) as a new paradigm to harness the energy of p-block oxoanions in a Li-metal solid-state battery. Using carbon-supported Fe nanoparticles in a dual role of OAT catalyst and conversion-type cathode active material, we demonstrate the eight-electron anion reduction of ClO₄⁻ at &gt;50% conversion, delivering a capacity of 1150 mA h g(⁻¹) and an energy density of 1950 W h kg(⁻¹). We further demonstrate strategies to enhance the energy density at the electrode level, establishing a foundation for oxoanion-based anion redox in battery systems.","author":[{"family":"Baumgärtner","given":"Julian"},{"family":"Vijay","given":"Archita"},{"family":"Klimpel","given":"Matthias"},{"family":"Chernyshov","given":"Dmitry"},{"family":"Van Beek","given":"Wouter"},{"family":"Kovalenko","given":"Maksym"},{"family":"Kravchyk","given":"Kostiantyn"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.3929/ethz-c-000803433","URL":"https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-c-000803433","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.24406/publica-8806","type":"article-journal","title":"Potentials of thin film silicon anodes in soft solid-state batteries","abstract":"Silicon is a promising anode material for solid-state batteries due to its high theoretical capacity, yet severe lithiation-induced volume changes lead to pronounced chemo-mechanical degradation at solid–solid interfaces. This work aims to identify a critical silicon thickness window that enables high reversible capacity while preserving mechanical integrity and interfacial stability in soft solid-state battery systems. By systematically varying the thickness of amorphous silicon thin-film anodes on copper current collectors, distinct thickness-dependent structure–property–performance relationships are revealed. Thin silicon films exhibit excellent cycling stability but limited capacity, whereas thicker films deliver high initial capacities followed by rapid degradation. An intermediate silicon thickness of approximately 500 nm provides the most favourable balance between reversible capacity and cycling stability. Post-cycling analyses link capacity decay at larger thicknesses to stress-driven cracking, delamination and electrical isolation of the silicon layer, consistent with mechanically induced failure during deep lithiation. These results demonstrate that the performance of silicon anodes in polymer-based solid-state batteries is governed by chemo-mechanical coupling and interfacial robustness rather than by active material loading alone. The findings provide practical design guidelines for thin-film silicon anodes in soft solid-state battery architectures.","author":[{"family":"Brokmann","given":"Julian"},{"family":"Hsieh","given":"Hanpin"},{"family":"Gail","given":"Ann"},{"family":"Kaminski","given":"Matteo"},{"family":"Dilger","given":"Nikolas"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Fuming"},{"family":"Melzig","given":"Sebastian"},{"family":"Zellmer","given":"Sabrina"},{"family":"Unav"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.24406/publica-8806","URL":"https://doi.org/10.24406/publica-8806","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.7168422","type":"manuscript","title":"Identification of a global sample of ‘renewable energy clusters’ of socio-technical innovations and renewable energy","abstract":"‘Renewable energy clusters’ represent the integration of multiple socio-technical innovations and technologies. Socio-technical ‘renewable energy clusters’ combine renewable energy sources, interconnectivity, bi-directionality, flexibility and multiple actors. Renewable energy clusters are identified by energy modeling literature as potential building blocks of renewable energy transitions. Despite theoretical knoweldg eof their potential across a myriad of energy transition models, little is known about their prevalence in practice. However, they are not identified as a specific measured category of energy analysis. They are difficult to identify due to the lack of easily searchable attributes.● This article describes a method to find documented cases of renewable energy clusters globally. we employed convenience sampling through a manual, data-driven approach that employed pre-exisitng lists of articles and reports; internet searches; and the UNFCCC list of NGO’s to identify renewable energy clusters.● To document the details of renewable energy clusters once found, we used qualitative coding and targeted search methodologies.","author":[{"family":"Hoicka","given":"Christina"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Ellie"},{"family":"Holmes","given":"Christopher"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.2139/ssrn.7168422","URL":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7168422","source":"crossref"},{"id":"doi:10.1177/27533735261426909","type":"article-journal","title":"Validation and application of a multi-dimensional framework for renewable energy policy development","abstract":"This paper advances prior research on renewable energy policy analysis through the empirical validation of a comprehensive analytical framework. Building on earlier work, which established the framework via a systematic literature review, this study incorporates expert validation and applies the framework to the national context of Aotearoa New Zealand, as well as Norway, Estonia, Brazil, India, and Nigeria. The first phase comprised semi-structured interviews with international energy policy experts, generating 100 factors across seven thematic domains and refining the original framework through the inclusion of cross-cutting elements. The second phase applied the validated framework to Aotearoa New Zealand's renewable energy policy landscape, identifying strong institutional coordination and social acceptance alongside persistent financial, technical, and environmental constraints. The findings confirm that the five foundational domains — coherent institutional arrangements, resilient financial mechanisms, inclusive social processes and efficient technical capabilities and environmentally sustainable practices — remain conceptually robust, while the added cross-cutting themes strengthen the analytical framework.","author":[{"family":"Mirza","given":"Zuhaib"},{"family":"Brent","given":"Alan"},{"family":"Anderson","given":"Timothy"},{"family":"Seadon","given":"Jeff"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1177/27533735261426909","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1177/27533735261426909","source":"crossref"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21476676","type":"article-journal","title":"COCOON Energy Community dataset and results in Laboratory Environment","abstract":"# Energy-community pilot dataset — Real-time FDI attack detection tests (COCOON project) ## Description This dataset contains the raw measurements, configuration files, automation scripts and result plots produced during the **real-time Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL/CHIL) and Power-Hardware-in-the-Loop (PS-HIL/PHIL) testing campaign** of the False Data Injection Identification (FDII) tool developed within the **COCOON** project (*COoperative Cyber prOtectiON for modern power grids*). The tests reproduce, at the Cyber-Physical Power System Laboratory (CPPS Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Sevilla), the electrical and OT infrastructure of an **energy-community (EC) pilot demonstration** used in COCOON Work Package 8 (*Secure DRES Deployments*). The pilot network hosts 16 PV plants, five of which belong to the energy community represented in this testing campaign. The data corresponds to the work reported in COCOON deliverable **D3.2 — \"Cyber-physical security integration in renewable power plants and energy communities\"** (Chapter 4, \"FDI attacks on the energy community\"). ## Project and funding | | ||---|---|| Project | COCOON — COoperative Cyber prOtectiON for modern power grids || Programme | Horizon Europe (HORIZON-CL5-2022-D3-01) || Grant Agreement No. | [101120221](https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101120221) || Coordinator | University of Cyprus — KIOS Research and Innovation Center of Excellence || Responsible partner for this dataset | Universidad de Sevilla (USE) — Cyber-Physical Power System Laboratory (CPPS Lab), with the energy-community network model and FDII algorithm contributed by Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH) || Project website | https://www.cyber-cocoon.eu/ | This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 101120221. Views and opinions expressed are those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the granting authority; neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. ## Authors / Contact - José María Maza-Ortega — Universidad de Sevilla (USE)- Manuel Barragán-Villarejo — Universidad de Sevilla (USE)- Álvaro Rodríguez del Nozal — Universidad de Sevilla (USE)- Stelios C. Dimoulias — Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH)- Georgios C. Kryonidis — Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH)- Kyriaki-Nefeli D. Malamaki — Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH)- Charis S. Demoulias — Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH) Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain (real-time laboratory testing); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece (energy-community network model and FDII-for-energy-communities algorithm). ## Context: what is being tested ### The energy-community pilot The pilot network is an exclusively active MV (20 kV)/LV (400 V) distribution feeder comprising 16 PV plants, five of which belong to the energy community. For real-time testing, the network is represented by two increasingly simplified equivalents: - **HIL model (`CHIL/`)**: executed in real time on the OPAL-RT simulator, keeping the nine energy-community-relevant PV connection nodes plus the point of interconnection (POI) with the upstream grid, with the remaining (non-EC) PV plants aggregated into a single equivalent node.- **PS-HIL model (`PHIL/`)**: implemented on the scaled-down MV distribution network of the CPPS Lab (base 400 V / 100 kVA), which is limited to a smaller number of laboratory branches/OLEs (Output Load Emulators). A second simplification groups the power of three of the PV plants into a single equivalent node, labelled **`N04-19`** in the data. Measurement points referenced in the JSON result files use the naming `POI / Slack` (point of interconnection) and `PV 1` … `PV 9` (each followed by a local feeder label as recorded by the si","author":[{"family":"Maza-Ortega","given":"Jose"},{"family":"Barragán-Villarejo","given":"Manuel"},{"family":"Rodríguez Del Nozal","given":"Álvaro"},{"family":"Carballo Ortiz","given":"Francisco"},{"family":"Dimoulias","given":"Stelios"},{"family":"Kryonidis","given":"Georgios"},{"family":"Malamaki","given":"Kyriaki"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21476676","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21476676","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21476677","type":"article-journal","title":"COCOON Energy Community dataset and results in Laboratory Environment","abstract":"# Energy-community pilot dataset — Real-time FDI attack detection tests (COCOON project) ## Description This dataset contains the raw measurements, configuration files, automation scripts and result plots produced during the **real-time Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL/CHIL) and Power-Hardware-in-the-Loop (PS-HIL/PHIL) testing campaign** of the False Data Injection Identification (FDII) tool developed within the **COCOON** project (*COoperative Cyber prOtectiON for modern power grids*). The tests reproduce, at the Cyber-Physical Power System Laboratory (CPPS Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Sevilla), the electrical and OT infrastructure of an **energy-community (EC) pilot demonstration** used in COCOON Work Package 8 (*Secure DRES Deployments*). The pilot network hosts 16 PV plants, five of which belong to the energy community represented in this testing campaign. The data corresponds to the work reported in COCOON deliverable **D3.2 — \"Cyber-physical security integration in renewable power plants and energy communities\"** (Chapter 4, \"FDI attacks on the energy community\"). ## Project and funding | | ||---|---|| Project | COCOON — COoperative Cyber prOtectiON for modern power grids || Programme | Horizon Europe (HORIZON-CL5-2022-D3-01) || Grant Agreement No. | [101120221](https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101120221) || Coordinator | University of Cyprus — KIOS Research and Innovation Center of Excellence || Responsible partner for this dataset | Universidad de Sevilla (USE) — Cyber-Physical Power System Laboratory (CPPS Lab), with the energy-community network model and FDII algorithm contributed by Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH) || Project website | https://www.cyber-cocoon.eu/ | This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 101120221. Views and opinions expressed are those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the granting authority; neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. ## Authors / Contact - José María Maza-Ortega — Universidad de Sevilla (USE)- Manuel Barragán-Villarejo — Universidad de Sevilla (USE)- Álvaro Rodríguez del Nozal — Universidad de Sevilla (USE)- Stelios C. Dimoulias — Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH)- Georgios C. Kryonidis — Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH)- Kyriaki-Nefeli D. Malamaki — Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH)- Charis S. Demoulias — Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH) Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain (real-time laboratory testing); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece (energy-community network model and FDII-for-energy-communities algorithm). ## Context: what is being tested ### The energy-community pilot The pilot network is an exclusively active MV (20 kV)/LV (400 V) distribution feeder comprising 16 PV plants, five of which belong to the energy community. For real-time testing, the network is represented by two increasingly simplified equivalents: - **HIL model (`CHIL/`)**: executed in real time on the OPAL-RT simulator, keeping the nine energy-community-relevant PV connection nodes plus the point of interconnection (POI) with the upstream grid, with the remaining (non-EC) PV plants aggregated into a single equivalent node.- **PS-HIL model (`PHIL/`)**: implemented on the scaled-down MV distribution network of the CPPS Lab (base 400 V / 100 kVA), which is limited to a smaller number of laboratory branches/OLEs (Output Load Emulators). A second simplification groups the power of three of the PV plants into a single equivalent node, labelled **`N04-19`** in the data. Measurement points referenced in the JSON result files use the naming `POI / Slack` (point of interconnection) and `PV 1` … `PV 9` (each followed by a local feeder label as recorded by the si","author":[{"family":"Maza-Ortega","given":"Jose"},{"family":"Barragán-Villarejo","given":"Manuel"},{"family":"Rodríguez Del Nozal","given":"Álvaro"},{"family":"Carballo Ortiz","given":"Francisco"},{"family":"Dimoulias","given":"Stelios"},{"family":"Kryonidis","given":"Georgios"},{"family":"Malamaki","given":"Kyriaki"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21476677","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21476677","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.34734/fzj-2026-03953","type":"article-journal","title":"Near Carbon-Neutral Power Generation by DME in sCO2 Oxy-Combustion Cycles; 9th","abstract":"Hydrogen carriers, such as dimethyl ether (DME), offer a promising path toward carbon-neutral power generation and the development of a hydrogen-based energy economy. DME has the potential to address the uneven regional and temporal distribution of renewable energy by enabling long-distance energy transfer. Furthermore, its favorable combustion characteristics and compatibility with existing infrastructure position DME as an attractive renewable fuel.This study aims to comprehensively compare the performance of DME as a fuel in advanced oxy combustion supercritical CO2 (sCO2) cycles, such as the Allam cycle, and in state-of-the-art combined cycle gas turbines with post-combustion carbon capture (CCGT-PCC). In addition to the reference Allam cycle, we propose a novel modification: the Liquefied Recycle Allam Cycle (LiRAC). This modification features an integrated refrigeration unit that enables liquefaction of the working medium using DME as the refrigerant. Process simulations demonstrate that the LiRAC achieves a competitive efficiency of 48.7 %, approaching that of the DME-fueled Allam cycle (50.4 %), with both cycles achieving effective carbon capture rates above 96 %, approaching carbon neutrality. However, under consistent system boundaries, the DME-fueled CCGT-PCC achieves an efficiency of only 44.7 %. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of using DME as a fuel for semi-closed oxy-combustion sCO2 cycles and highlight its potential as a pathway toward nearly carbon-neutral power generation.","author":[{"family":"Abi Haidar","given":"Ghadi"},{"family":"Leutner","given":"Johanna"},{"family":"Morsch","given":"Philipp"},{"family":"Peschel","given":"Andreas"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.34734/fzj-2026-03953","URL":"https://doi.org/10.34734/fzj-2026-03953","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.18934885","type":"article-journal","title":"Influence of forest thinning on the soil fauna: a systematic review of current knowledge and research gaps","abstract":"Key message This systematic review shows that thinning effects on soil fauna abundance and species richness vary with thinning strategy and methodological approach. Positive responses are due to improved resources and favorable microclimate conditions, whereas negative responses were mainly associated with unfavorable microclimate conditions. However, current evidence remains fragmented, highlighting the need for standardized, comprehensive experiments to draw robust conclusions and generalize management recommendations. Context As harvesting and reforestation expand to meet bio-economy and renewable energy demands, forests face increasing pressure from both unsustainable practices and climate change. Forest thinning, widely used across many regions, alters forest structure, vegetation and microclimate, leading to cascading effects on soil biodiversity. Yet, compared to microbial communities, soil fauna remains comparatively understudied despite their diversity and central role in ecosystem functioning. Aims We conducted a systematic review to assess how forest thinning influences soil fauna. Results Only 41 articles were identified: 27 focused on macrofauna (170 observations), 20 on mesofauna (96), and 6 on microfauna (13). These experiments varied considerably in their forest thinning strategies, sampling methods and soil fauna metrics, making it difficult to conclude whether soil fauna abundance or species richness respond to thinning in a consistent way. Both positive and negative effects were reported. Reducing forest cover can lead to less favorable microclimatic conditions with cascading negative effects on soil fauna. Conversely, the resulting increase in understory vegetation biomass and diversity caused by forest opening can create more heterogeneous microhabitats and resources with cascading positive effects on soil fauna. Conclusion The observed variability in research approaches limits our mechanistic understanding of soil fauna response to thinning. We therefore emphasized recommendations for future research to improve methodological consistency and the robustness of findings.","author":[{"family":"Biryol","given":"Charlotte"},{"family":"Baldy","given":"Virginie"},{"family":"Prévosto","given":"Bernard"},{"family":"Trap","given":"Jean"},{"family":"Forey","given":"Estelle"},{"family":"Pérez-Izquierdo","given":"Leticia"},{"family":"Ballini","given":"Christine"},{"family":"Gauquelin","given":"Thierry"},{"family":"Santonja","given":"Mathieu"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.18934885","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18934885","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.18934886","type":"article-journal","title":"Influence of forest thinning on the soil fauna: a systematic review of current knowledge and research gaps","abstract":"Key message This systematic review shows that thinning effects on soil fauna abundance and species richness vary with thinning strategy and methodological approach. Positive responses are due to improved resources and favorable microclimate conditions, whereas negative responses were mainly associated with unfavorable microclimate conditions. However, current evidence remains fragmented, highlighting the need for standardized, comprehensive experiments to draw robust conclusions and generalize management recommendations. Context As harvesting and reforestation expand to meet bio-economy and renewable energy demands, forests face increasing pressure from both unsustainable practices and climate change. Forest thinning, widely used across many regions, alters forest structure, vegetation and microclimate, leading to cascading effects on soil biodiversity. Yet, compared to microbial communities, soil fauna remains comparatively understudied despite their diversity and central role in ecosystem functioning. Aims We conducted a systematic review to assess how forest thinning influences soil fauna. Results Only 41 articles were identified: 27 focused on macrofauna (170 observations), 20 on mesofauna (96), and 6 on microfauna (13). These experiments varied considerably in their forest thinning strategies, sampling methods and soil fauna metrics, making it difficult to conclude whether soil fauna abundance or species richness respond to thinning in a consistent way. Both positive and negative effects were reported. Reducing forest cover can lead to less favorable microclimatic conditions with cascading negative effects on soil fauna. Conversely, the resulting increase in understory vegetation biomass and diversity caused by forest opening can create more heterogeneous microhabitats and resources with cascading positive effects on soil fauna. Conclusion The observed variability in research approaches limits our mechanistic understanding of soil fauna response to thinning. We therefore emphasized recommendations for future research to improve methodological consistency and the robustness of findings.","author":[{"family":"Biryol","given":"Charlotte"},{"family":"Baldy","given":"Virginie"},{"family":"Prévosto","given":"Bernard"},{"family":"Trap","given":"Jean"},{"family":"Forey","given":"Estelle"},{"family":"Pérez-Izquierdo","given":"Leticia"},{"family":"Ballini","given":"Christine"},{"family":"Gauquelin","given":"Thierry"},{"family":"Santonja","given":"Mathieu"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.18934886","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18934886","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20546283","type":"article-journal","title":"State-of-the-Art and Challenges of Pressure-Tolerant Power Electronics and a Review of Related Research at NCSU","abstract":"The Blue Technology Systems, such as offshore subsea energy systems, remotely operated and autonomous underwater vehicles, ocean exploration systems, and subsea oil extraction, have proliferated in the past decade. Using thick and heavy Pressure-Tolerant metal Cylinders (PTCs) is the prevailing method to enclose electronics and shield them from hundreds of bars of surrounding hydrostatic pressure while maintaining one bar inside. This approach has numerous weaknesses, including high cost, buoyancy issues, implosion or leak due to unreliable penetrators and connectors, complicated cooling, and frequent maintenance. Exposing space-demanding power-processing components to the surrounding pressure can solve these drawbacks. However, the present knowledge of Pressure-Tolerant Power Electronics (PTPE) components and systems is insufficient and often lags years behind the component technologies. Moreover, pressure-instigated high failure rates and parameter drifting of electrolytic/film capacitors and inductors require rethinking the traditional power converter designs for pressure-tolerant operation. While electromagnetic, thermal, or even radiation specifications are commonly included in datasheets of electrical components, that is rarely the case with pressure. The so-called “survival test” in specialized laboratories followed by inspection at 1-bar pressure was often considered sufficient, neglecting that the operation of a component or system can be altered under extreme pressure without permanent damage. Companies typically retain obscure, outdated lists of pressure-tolerant components and design procedures to address this problem. Researchers mark the beginning of the PTPE era with the work of Barnes, Gennari, Holzschuh, and Suton from the US Naval Research Laboratory in the 1970s. This research “wave” provided the initial descriptions of passive pressure cycling tests, functional tests under pressure, and prolonged soaking tests. Initial assumptions regarding the pressure impact and failure methods are validated, and compatible compensation fluids are proposed. The second research “wave” started around 2005 and was instigated by governmental agencies and companies hoping to reduce costs and improve offshore oil drilling and extraction reliability. This research advanced the practical knowledge of PTPE, focusing on modern components. The researcher identified a strong connection between the packaging technology, voids in component packages, and the pressure-tolerant operation. The Blue Economy initiated the third research “wave,” which is still ongoing. This primarily refers to the rapid expansion of offshore renewable energy generation and subsea exploration systems, identifying the lack of reliable penetrators as a critical factor. This abstract and the final paper will comprehensively review past and current research on PTPE components and systems and identify critical challenges toward wider technology adoption. The paper will discuss four critical PTPE-related topics: i) Lacking a validated testing methodology, identifying ii) Pressure-related component models, iii) Packaging requirements of PTPE components, and iv) Lack of failure rate models of critical PTPE components. The paper will summarize how academic-industry collaboration can improve underwater and benthic systems by enhancing PTPE to be less expensive, more reliable, and more efficient. Finally, the recent development of an automated test station for live (energized) pressure testing of components and small electronic systems with absolute boundaries of 10,000 psi, 30 A, 3 kV, and -10oC to +40oC at NCSU will be discussed.","author":[{"family":"Pantic","given":"Zeljko"},{"family":"Hassan Gilani","given":"Syed"},{"family":"Ngaile","given":"Gracious"},{"family":"Hopkins","given":"Douglas"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20546283","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20546283","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20546284","type":"article-journal","title":"State-of-the-Art and Challenges of Pressure-Tolerant Power Electronics and a Review of Related Research at NCSU","abstract":"The Blue Technology Systems, such as offshore subsea energy systems, remotely operated and autonomous underwater vehicles, ocean exploration systems, and subsea oil extraction, have proliferated in the past decade. Using thick and heavy Pressure-Tolerant metal Cylinders (PTCs) is the prevailing method to enclose electronics and shield them from hundreds of bars of surrounding hydrostatic pressure while maintaining one bar inside. This approach has numerous weaknesses, including high cost, buoyancy issues, implosion or leak due to unreliable penetrators and connectors, complicated cooling, and frequent maintenance. Exposing space-demanding power-processing components to the surrounding pressure can solve these drawbacks. However, the present knowledge of Pressure-Tolerant Power Electronics (PTPE) components and systems is insufficient and often lags years behind the component technologies. Moreover, pressure-instigated high failure rates and parameter drifting of electrolytic/film capacitors and inductors require rethinking the traditional power converter designs for pressure-tolerant operation. While electromagnetic, thermal, or even radiation specifications are commonly included in datasheets of electrical components, that is rarely the case with pressure. The so-called “survival test” in specialized laboratories followed by inspection at 1-bar pressure was often considered sufficient, neglecting that the operation of a component or system can be altered under extreme pressure without permanent damage. Companies typically retain obscure, outdated lists of pressure-tolerant components and design procedures to address this problem. Researchers mark the beginning of the PTPE era with the work of Barnes, Gennari, Holzschuh, and Suton from the US Naval Research Laboratory in the 1970s. This research “wave” provided the initial descriptions of passive pressure cycling tests, functional tests under pressure, and prolonged soaking tests. Initial assumptions regarding the pressure impact and failure methods are validated, and compatible compensation fluids are proposed. The second research “wave” started around 2005 and was instigated by governmental agencies and companies hoping to reduce costs and improve offshore oil drilling and extraction reliability. This research advanced the practical knowledge of PTPE, focusing on modern components. The researcher identified a strong connection between the packaging technology, voids in component packages, and the pressure-tolerant operation. The Blue Economy initiated the third research “wave,” which is still ongoing. This primarily refers to the rapid expansion of offshore renewable energy generation and subsea exploration systems, identifying the lack of reliable penetrators as a critical factor. This abstract and the final paper will comprehensively review past and current research on PTPE components and systems and identify critical challenges toward wider technology adoption. The paper will discuss four critical PTPE-related topics: i) Lacking a validated testing methodology, identifying ii) Pressure-related component models, iii) Packaging requirements of PTPE components, and iv) Lack of failure rate models of critical PTPE components. The paper will summarize how academic-industry collaboration can improve underwater and benthic systems by enhancing PTPE to be less expensive, more reliable, and more efficient. Finally, the recent development of an automated test station for live (energized) pressure testing of components and small electronic systems with absolute boundaries of 10,000 psi, 30 A, 3 kV, and -10oC to +40oC at NCSU will be discussed.","author":[{"family":"Pantic","given":"Zeljko"},{"family":"Hassan Gilani","given":"Syed"},{"family":"Ngaile","given":"Gracious"},{"family":"Hopkins","given":"Douglas"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20546284","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20546284","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22055707","type":"article-journal","title":"Development Of Solar Powered Multi-Faceted Agricultural Pesticide Spraying Machine","abstract":"Agricultural pesticide spraying is an essential crop-protection operation, but conventional hand-operated, engine-driven and battery-dependent sprayers can impose operator effort, fuel dependence, inconsistent application and chemical loss. The 21 studies reviewed in this paper collectively cover photovoltaic sprayers, multi-nozzle systems, remote and robotic platforms, autonomous aerial spraying, air-assisted atomization, spray-drift management, variable-rate application and machine-vision control. The literature indicates a progression from replacing manual or fossil-fuel power with photovoltaic electric pumping toward systems that also adapt spray delivery to crop geometry and target conditions. Solar-powered trolley and knapsack systems demonstrate the feasibility of photovoltaic operation and reductions in operator burden; remote and robotic systems provide greater separation between the operator and spray plume; and precision systems demonstrate substantial reductions in applied chemical when spray rate is matched to the target. At the same time, solar intermittency, battery capacity, machine mass, nozzle calibration, pressure control, spray uniformity, drift and sensing cost remain important limitations. This review synthesizes the 21 studies through a transparent corpus-based review methodology and identifies design principles relevant to a practical solar-powered multifaceted sprayer. Based on the synthesis, a modular machine architecture is proposed in which solar PV, battery storage, an efficient DC pump, pressure regulation, a filtered multi-nozzle boom and a stable wheeled chassis form the basic platform, while remote control, flow/pressure sensing and machine vision can be added progressively. The review concludes that the most practical development pathway is a layered system that combines renewable energy, mechanical simplicity, adjustable spraying and provision for future precision automation.","author":[{"family":"Horaginamani","given":"Hanamantray"},{"family":"Khedad","given":"Prakash"},{"family":"Rathod","given":"Shreyas"},{"family":"Naik","given":"Varun"},{"family":"Rathod","given":"Prof"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22055707","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22055707","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22055708","type":"article-journal","title":"Development Of Solar Powered Multi-Faceted Agricultural Pesticide Spraying Machine","abstract":"Agricultural pesticide spraying is an essential crop-protection operation, but conventional hand-operated, engine-driven and battery-dependent sprayers can impose operator effort, fuel dependence, inconsistent application and chemical loss. The 21 studies reviewed in this paper collectively cover photovoltaic sprayers, multi-nozzle systems, remote and robotic platforms, autonomous aerial spraying, air-assisted atomization, spray-drift management, variable-rate application and machine-vision control. The literature indicates a progression from replacing manual or fossil-fuel power with photovoltaic electric pumping toward systems that also adapt spray delivery to crop geometry and target conditions. Solar-powered trolley and knapsack systems demonstrate the feasibility of photovoltaic operation and reductions in operator burden; remote and robotic systems provide greater separation between the operator and spray plume; and precision systems demonstrate substantial reductions in applied chemical when spray rate is matched to the target. At the same time, solar intermittency, battery capacity, machine mass, nozzle calibration, pressure control, spray uniformity, drift and sensing cost remain important limitations. This review synthesizes the 21 studies through a transparent corpus-based review methodology and identifies design principles relevant to a practical solar-powered multifaceted sprayer. Based on the synthesis, a modular machine architecture is proposed in which solar PV, battery storage, an efficient DC pump, pressure regulation, a filtered multi-nozzle boom and a stable wheeled chassis form the basic platform, while remote control, flow/pressure sensing and machine vision can be added progressively. The review concludes that the most practical development pathway is a layered system that combines renewable energy, mechanical simplicity, adjustable spraying and provision for future precision automation.","author":[{"family":"Horaginamani","given":"Hanamantray"},{"family":"Khedad","given":"Prakash"},{"family":"Rathod","given":"Shreyas"},{"family":"Naik","given":"Varun"},{"family":"Rathod","given":"Prof"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22055708","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22055708","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22055697","type":"article-journal","title":"Development Of Solar Powered Multi-Faceted Agricultural Pesticide Spraying Machine","abstract":"Agricultural pesticide spraying is an essential crop-protection operation, but conventional hand-operated, engine-driven and battery-dependent sprayers can impose operator effort, fuel dependence, inconsistent application and chemical loss. The 21 studies reviewed in this paper collectively cover photovoltaic sprayers, multi-nozzle systems, remote and robotic platforms, autonomous aerial spraying, air-assisted atomization, spray-drift management, variable-rate application and machine-vision control. The literature indicates a progression from replacing manual or fossil-fuel power with photovoltaic electric pumping toward systems that also adapt spray delivery to crop geometry and target conditions. Solar-powered trolley and knapsack systems demonstrate the feasibility of photovoltaic operation and reductions in operator burden; remote and robotic systems provide greater separation between the operator and spray plume; and precision systems demonstrate substantial reductions in applied chemical when spray rate is matched to the target. At the same time, solar intermittency, battery capacity, machine mass, nozzle calibration, pressure control, spray uniformity, drift and sensing cost remain important limitations. This review synthesizes the 21 studies through a transparent corpus-based review methodology and identifies design principles relevant to a practical solar-powered multifaceted sprayer. Based on the synthesis, a modular machine architecture is proposed in which solar PV, battery storage, an efficient DC pump, pressure regulation, a filtered multi-nozzle boom and a stable wheeled chassis form the basic platform, while remote control, flow/pressure sensing and machine vision can be added progressively. The review concludes that the most practical development pathway is a layered system that combines renewable energy, mechanical simplicity, adjustable spraying and provision for future precision automation.","author":[{"family":"Horaginamani","given":"Hanamantray"},{"family":"Khedad","given":"Prakash"},{"family":"Rathod","given":"Shreyas"},{"family":"Naik","given":"Varun"},{"family":"Rathod","given":"Prof"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22055697","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22055697","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22055698","type":"article-journal","title":"Development Of Solar Powered Multi-Faceted Agricultural Pesticide Spraying Machine","abstract":"Agricultural pesticide spraying is an essential crop-protection operation, but conventional hand-operated, engine-driven and battery-dependent sprayers can impose operator effort, fuel dependence, inconsistent application and chemical loss. The 21 studies reviewed in this paper collectively cover photovoltaic sprayers, multi-nozzle systems, remote and robotic platforms, autonomous aerial spraying, air-assisted atomization, spray-drift management, variable-rate application and machine-vision control. The literature indicates a progression from replacing manual or fossil-fuel power with photovoltaic electric pumping toward systems that also adapt spray delivery to crop geometry and target conditions. Solar-powered trolley and knapsack systems demonstrate the feasibility of photovoltaic operation and reductions in operator burden; remote and robotic systems provide greater separation between the operator and spray plume; and precision systems demonstrate substantial reductions in applied chemical when spray rate is matched to the target. At the same time, solar intermittency, battery capacity, machine mass, nozzle calibration, pressure control, spray uniformity, drift and sensing cost remain important limitations. This review synthesizes the 21 studies through a transparent corpus-based review methodology and identifies design principles relevant to a practical solar-powered multifaceted sprayer. Based on the synthesis, a modular machine architecture is proposed in which solar PV, battery storage, an efficient DC pump, pressure regulation, a filtered multi-nozzle boom and a stable wheeled chassis form the basic platform, while remote control, flow/pressure sensing and machine vision can be added progressively. The review concludes that the most practical development pathway is a layered system that combines renewable energy, mechanical simplicity, adjustable spraying and provision for future precision automation.","author":[{"family":"Horaginamani","given":"Hanamantray"},{"family":"Khedad","given":"Prakash"},{"family":"Rathod","given":"Shreyas"},{"family":"Naik","given":"Varun"},{"family":"Rathod","given":"Prof"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22055698","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22055698","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20352437","type":"article-journal","title":"An Integrated Charger for Wireless Power Transfer, Onboard Charger, and Auxiliary Power Module for Electric Vehicles","abstract":"Wireless power transfer (WPT) technology represents a transformative approach to electric vehicle charging, eliminating the requirement for direct physical cable connections while offering enhanced convenience, improved safety, and enabling dynamic charging capabilities that substantially extend effective driving range. This comprehensive review examines contemporary developments in wireless electric vehicle charging systems, synthesizing research across multiple technical domains including inductive power transfer principles, magnetic coupler design optimization, compensation network topologies, power electronic converter technologies, advanced control strategies, and infrastructure integration. Resonant inductive power transfer systems operating at standardized frequencies of 85 kHz have emerged as the most extensively developed and commercially viable approach, achieving demonstrated power transfer efficiencies exceeding 90% across practical air gaps of 150-200 mm [1]. The review systematically addresses critical technical challenges including misalignment tolerance between transmitter and receiver coils, electromagnetic field safety and regulatory compliance, and optimization of coil geometries to enhance coupling efficiency [2]. Recent innovations in dual and triple decoupled coil configurations maintain output voltage stability within 3% across ±150 mm lateral misalignment while achieving system efficiencies exceeding 94% [3]. Dynamic wireless charging systems enabling in-motion power transfer represent an emerging frontier, with advanced control strategies incorporating disturbance observers and adaptive frequency tracking maintaining power fluctuations within 0.2% despite vehicle motion [4]. Integration with renewable energy resources and smart grid infrastructure enables sustainable charging infrastructure with electricity cost reductions exceeding 36% compared to conventional grid-dependent systems [5]. Standardization efforts addressing interoperability between equipment from multiple manufacturers have achieved successful operation across diverse coil types with efficiency levels consistently exceeding 85% [6]. The comprehensive synthesis of contemporary research demonstrates that wireless electric vehicle charging technology has reached sufficient maturity for practical infrastructure deployment, with continued advancement focused on cost reduction, enhanced reliability, expanded interoperability standards, and seamless integration with renewable energy and intelligent transportation systems to accelerate widespread electric vehicle adoption and support global sustainable transportation objectives.","author":[{"family":"Dralrenke"},{"family":"Katarkar","given":"Ayush"},{"family":"Pawar","given":"Sandeep"},{"family":"Patyekar","given":"Shubham"},{"family":"Suryawanshi","given":"Sanket"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20352437","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20352437","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20352438","type":"article-journal","title":"An Integrated Charger for Wireless Power Transfer, Onboard Charger, and Auxiliary Power Module for Electric Vehicles","abstract":"Wireless power transfer (WPT) technology represents a transformative approach to electric vehicle charging, eliminating the requirement for direct physical cable connections while offering enhanced convenience, improved safety, and enabling dynamic charging capabilities that substantially extend effective driving range. This comprehensive review examines contemporary developments in wireless electric vehicle charging systems, synthesizing research across multiple technical domains including inductive power transfer principles, magnetic coupler design optimization, compensation network topologies, power electronic converter technologies, advanced control strategies, and infrastructure integration. Resonant inductive power transfer systems operating at standardized frequencies of 85 kHz have emerged as the most extensively developed and commercially viable approach, achieving demonstrated power transfer efficiencies exceeding 90% across practical air gaps of 150-200 mm [1]. The review systematically addresses critical technical challenges including misalignment tolerance between transmitter and receiver coils, electromagnetic field safety and regulatory compliance, and optimization of coil geometries to enhance coupling efficiency [2]. Recent innovations in dual and triple decoupled coil configurations maintain output voltage stability within 3% across ±150 mm lateral misalignment while achieving system efficiencies exceeding 94% [3]. Dynamic wireless charging systems enabling in-motion power transfer represent an emerging frontier, with advanced control strategies incorporating disturbance observers and adaptive frequency tracking maintaining power fluctuations within 0.2% despite vehicle motion [4]. Integration with renewable energy resources and smart grid infrastructure enables sustainable charging infrastructure with electricity cost reductions exceeding 36% compared to conventional grid-dependent systems [5]. Standardization efforts addressing interoperability between equipment from multiple manufacturers have achieved successful operation across diverse coil types with efficiency levels consistently exceeding 85% [6]. The comprehensive synthesis of contemporary research demonstrates that wireless electric vehicle charging technology has reached sufficient maturity for practical infrastructure deployment, with continued advancement focused on cost reduction, enhanced reliability, expanded interoperability standards, and seamless integration with renewable energy and intelligent transportation systems to accelerate widespread electric vehicle adoption and support global sustainable transportation objectives.","author":[{"family":"Dralrenke"},{"family":"Katarkar","given":"Ayush"},{"family":"Pawar","given":"Sandeep"},{"family":"Patyekar","given":"Shubham"},{"family":"Suryawanshi","given":"Sanket"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20352438","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20352438","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20787821","type":"article-journal","title":"Role Of An IoT-Based Smart Energy Monitoring And Management System","abstract":"The rapid growth in residential electricity consumption has intensified the need for intelligent and efficient energy monitoring and management solutions. Conventional energy meters lack real-time visibility, appliance-level insights, and automated control, leading to inefficient energy usage and increased electricity costs. This review paper presents a comprehensive analysis of IoT-based smart energy monitoring and management systems, focusing on system architectures, sensing technologies, communication protocols, data-processing techniques, and user-interface platforms. A comparative evaluation of existing systems highlights their performance, scalability, cost-effectiveness, and deployment feasibility. Key technical challenges such as data security, sensor calibration, interoperability, and communication reliability are critically discussed. Furthermore, emerging research directions including AI-driven predictive analytics, edge computing, and integration with renewable energy sources are examined. The analysis indicates that IoT-enabled energy monitoring systems significantly enhance energy transparency, reduce wastage, and support sustainable energy practices, making them a crucial component of future smart home and smart grid ecosystems.","author":[{"family":"Joshi","given":"Kavita"},{"family":"Jain","given":"Tanay"},{"family":"Khade","given":"Sarvesh"},{"family":"Patil","given":"Jatin"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20787821","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20787821","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20787822","type":"article-journal","title":"Role Of An IoT-Based Smart Energy Monitoring And Management System","abstract":"The rapid growth in residential electricity consumption has intensified the need for intelligent and efficient energy monitoring and management solutions. Conventional energy meters lack real-time visibility, appliance-level insights, and automated control, leading to inefficient energy usage and increased electricity costs. This review paper presents a comprehensive analysis of IoT-based smart energy monitoring and management systems, focusing on system architectures, sensing technologies, communication protocols, data-processing techniques, and user-interface platforms. A comparative evaluation of existing systems highlights their performance, scalability, cost-effectiveness, and deployment feasibility. Key technical challenges such as data security, sensor calibration, interoperability, and communication reliability are critically discussed. Furthermore, emerging research directions including AI-driven predictive analytics, edge computing, and integration with renewable energy sources are examined. The analysis indicates that IoT-enabled energy monitoring systems significantly enhance energy transparency, reduce wastage, and support sustainable energy practices, making them a crucial component of future smart home and smart grid ecosystems.","author":[{"family":"Joshi","given":"Kavita"},{"family":"Jain","given":"Tanay"},{"family":"Khade","given":"Sarvesh"},{"family":"Patil","given":"Jatin"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20787822","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20787822","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.26434/chemrxiv.15006662/v1","type":"manuscript","title":"Superionic Sodium Thiophosphates: A Record High Conductivity as Solid-State Battery Electrolytes","abstract":"Due to limited availability of lithium, sodium-based batteries have emerged as a strong alternative for energy storage applications, due to the abundance, cost-effectiveness, and favorable electrochemical properties of sodium and the similarity between Li and Na chemistries. Sodiumbased all-solid-state batteries (Na-ASSBs) offer a promising pathway due to higher safety and electrochemical performance particularly when coupled with Na-metal anodes. Based on the promising properties of lithium thiophosphate (Li-P-S) battery materials, in this study, we explore their Na-ion equivalents (Na-P-S) as solid state electrolytes (SSEs). Using first-principles density functional theory (DFT), jointly with crystal structure prediction (CSP) techniques and structure prototyping from our Li-P-S structure database [Karasulu et al. JACS 2022, 144 (36), 16350-16365], here we explore the compositional landscape of Na-P-S ternary compounds. Around 7,000 structures were screened based on their thermodynamic stability and lower energy phases were further analysed for dynamic stability, electronic properties, mechanical stability, and ionic conductivity. This high-throughput computational screening identified three novel Na-P-S stoichiometries with desirable properties (superionic room-temperature conductivity, and thermal, mechanical and chemical stability) for SSE applications.","author":[{"family":"Gaikwad","given":"Prashik"},{"family":"Sen","given":"Huseyin"},{"family":"Karasulu","given":"Bora"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.26434/chemrxiv.15006662/v1","URL":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15006662/v1","source":"crossref"},{"id":"doi:10.1002/bte2.70085","type":"article-journal","title":"Solid‐State Lithium Electrolytes: Characteristic of Floating Li Inside of Anion Framework","abstract":"ABSTRACT The transition from liquid to solid electrolytes is driven by the need for enhanced safety and higher energy density in advanced batteries. Solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) eliminate flammability and leakage risks but suffer from low ionic conductivity at ambient conditions due to lattice constraints and high migration barriers. Breakthroughs in SSEs materials such as Li 10 GeP 2 S 12 (LGPS), Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 (LLZO), and Argyrodite‐type Li 6 PS 5 Cl reveal a unique phenomenon: lithium ions exhibit “floating” behavior within a stable anionic framework, enabling quasi‐fluid migration through interconnected channels. This work explores the physicochemical nature of “floating Li,” emphasizing weak interactions, multi‐path coupling, and framework flexibility as key factors reducing migration barriers. We further propose an electronic‐density‐based approach using the interaction region indicator (IRI) to extract characteristic descriptors for high‐conductivity SSEs. Comparative analysis of IRI maps across different electrolytes demonstrates distinct patterns associated with low‐electron‐density migration channels. These insights establish a paradigm shift from single‐path models to networked migration behavior and suggest that integrating chemical bonding theory, lattice dynamics, and data‐driven screening can accelerate the rational design of next‐generation solid electrolytes.","author":[{"family":"Liang","given":"Shipeng"},{"family":"Dong","given":"Jiongrui"},{"family":"Li","given":"Zikang"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1002/bte2.70085","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bte2.70085","source":"crossref"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20226490","type":"article-journal","title":"ELECTRIC VEHICLES: DESIGN, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOLUTIONS OF SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY","abstract":"The dawn of the 21st century has brought humanity to a critical crossroads where the global community must grapple with the escalating reality of climate change and the finite nature of fossil fuels. The transportation sector, once the primary engine of industrial progress and economic expansion, has now become a focal point for radical transformation. This book, titled Electric Vehicles: Design, Technology, and Solutions of Sustainable Mobility, is born out of this historical urgency. It serves as a comprehensive guide to the silent revolution currently reshaping how the world moves, exploring the transition not merely as a change in fuel source, but as a fundamental redesign of the entire automotive ecosystem. For over a hundred years, the internal combustion engine defined our mobility and dictated the layout of our cities, but its dominance came at a heavy environmental and geopolitical cost. Today, we are witnessing a historic pivot toward electrification that merges diverse fields including electrical engineering, material science, urban planning, and public policy. This text seeks to bridge the gap between technical manuals that focus on the mechanical \"how\" and environmental reports that focus on the \"why,\" providing a holistic narrative that connects technological innovation with ecological necessity. The journey through these pages begins with the foundational history and evolution of transportation systems, tracing the decline and subsequent revival of electric propulsion. We then transition into a deep technical dive into the architecture of modern vehicles, demystifying the powertrain, motor technologies, and the critical role of the Battery Management System in ensuring safety and efficiency. By addressing the \"heart\" of the vehicle—the battery—we examine current lithium-ion standards alongside emerging solid-state and fast-charging technologies to provide a realistic outlook on the future of energy storage. Beyond the vehicle itself, the book explores the vital ecosystem required to sustain this shift, including charging infrastructure, smart grid integration, and the integration of renewable energy sources. We look toward the horizon to examine how electrification intersects with autonomous driving, shared mobility, and the circular economy through rigorous lifecycle carbon analysis. This includes a dedicated focus on the varying roadmaps adopted across different regions, comparing established global markets with emerging powerhouses like India to highlight how policy and infrastructure must adapt to unique geographic and social realities. Sustainable mobility is a goal fraught with challenges, ranging from resource scarcity in battery production to the psychological barriers of consumer range anxiety. However, as the following chapters demonstrate, these are not dead ends but opportunities for profound innovation. As we move toward a future defined by smart cities and decarbonized transport, it is our hope that this book serves as both a roadmap and an inspiration for the engineers, policymakers, and enthusiasts ready to drive the change toward a cleaner, more efficient world.","author":[{"family":"Mithun","given":"Dr"},{"family":"Saraf","given":"GAA"},{"family":"Shinde","given":"Dr"},{"family":"Ayare","given":"Dr"},{"family":"Patil","given":"Dr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20226490","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20226490","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22047241","type":"article-journal","title":"Physical Principles of Electric Vehicles and Battery Management Systems: From Energy Storage to Intelligent Mobility","abstract":"This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the physical principles underpinning electric vehicles (EVs) and their battery management systems (BMS), bridging fundamental science with practical engineering applications. It begins with the historical transition from internal combustion engines to electric mobility, highlighting the multidisciplinary nature of EV technology encompassing electrochemistry, solid-state physics, electromagnetism, heat transfer, and control systems. The chapter details EV architectures, energy flow and key performance metrics, followed by an in-depth examination of electrochemical energy storage, focusing on lithium-ion battery chemistry, pack design, thermal behavior and safety. It further explores electric propulsion principles, power electronics and efficiency considerations. Core BMS functions, architectures, sensing technologies, protection mechanisms and advanced estimation methods for battery state variables (SOC, SOH, SOE, SOP) are thoroughly discussed. Thermal and energy management strategies, intelligent charging, vehicle-to-grid integration, and emerging trends such as machine learning, digital twins and cybersecurity in BMS are also covered. Case studies illustrate practical applications and safety scenarios, while future directions emphasize next-generation chemistries and fully integrated intelligent mobility systems. This chapter synthesizes physics-based insights with state-of-the-art BMS technologies to elucidate how foundational science enables the safe, efficient and intelligent operation of modern electric vehicles.","author":[{"family":"Deivanayaki","given":"R"},{"family":"Muthurajan","given":"Dr"},{"family":"Kulandaivel","given":"Dr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22047241","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22047241","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22047242","type":"article-journal","title":"Physical Principles of Electric Vehicles and Battery Management Systems: From Energy Storage to Intelligent Mobility","abstract":"This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the physical principles underpinning electric vehicles (EVs) and their battery management systems (BMS), bridging fundamental science with practical engineering applications. It begins with the historical transition from internal combustion engines to electric mobility, highlighting the multidisciplinary nature of EV technology encompassing electrochemistry, solid-state physics, electromagnetism, heat transfer, and control systems. The chapter details EV architectures, energy flow and key performance metrics, followed by an in-depth examination of electrochemical energy storage, focusing on lithium-ion battery chemistry, pack design, thermal behavior and safety. It further explores electric propulsion principles, power electronics and efficiency considerations. Core BMS functions, architectures, sensing technologies, protection mechanisms and advanced estimation methods for battery state variables (SOC, SOH, SOE, SOP) are thoroughly discussed. Thermal and energy management strategies, intelligent charging, vehicle-to-grid integration, and emerging trends such as machine learning, digital twins and cybersecurity in BMS are also covered. Case studies illustrate practical applications and safety scenarios, while future directions emphasize next-generation chemistries and fully integrated intelligent mobility systems. This chapter synthesizes physics-based insights with state-of-the-art BMS technologies to elucidate how foundational science enables the safe, efficient and intelligent operation of modern electric vehicles.","author":[{"family":"Deivanayaki","given":"R"},{"family":"Muthurajan","given":"Dr"},{"family":"Kulandaivel","given":"Dr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22047242","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22047242","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5445/ir/1000196243","type":"article-journal","title":"Stabilizing Solid-State Battery Interfaces with a Polyelectrolyte Complex Nanocoating","abstract":"lfide-based solid electrolytes (SEs) are promising enablers of next-generation solid-state batteries (SSBs), yet their practical implementation is limited by interfacial instability with anode and cathode active materials. Current interfacial mitigation strategies rely primarily on inorganic coatings, which are often unable to accommodate chemo-mechanical strain. Here, we introduce a new dynamic ion gel nanocoating that stabilizes both cathode and anode interfaces in sulfide-based SSBs. It is a type of ion-conductive polyelectrolyte complex (PEC), which is formed via complex coacervation between oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. Controlled mixing of a polycation bearing ammonium groups with TFSI− counteranions and a polyanion featuring pendant TFSI$^−$ groups with Li$^+$ countercations yields a homogeneous, solution-processable dynamic ion gel accompanied by LiTFSI release. This enables uniform, thin (≈1−3 nm), and scalable PEC nanocoatings on active material particles via spray drying. Dynamic ionic crosslinking endows the PEC with enhanced viscoelasticity and improved ionic conductivity relative to the parent polycation, allowing it to adapt to solid−solid interfaces while maintaining efficient ion transport. SSBs employing PEC-coated silicon anodes and PEC-coated LiNiO2 cathodes exhibit improved cycling stability through suppression of interfacial side reactions. Thus, the PEC nanocoating acts as a scalable stabilizer of solid−solid interfaces in SSBs","author":[{"family":"Shi","given":"Bing"},{"family":"Nosov","given":"Daniil"},{"family":"Weintraut","given":"Timo"},{"family":"Staropoli","given":"Mariapaola"},{"family":"Demuth","given":"Thomas"},{"family":"Schnaubelt","given":"Felix"},{"family":"Benz","given":"Sebastian"},{"family":"Vettori","given":"Kilian"},{"family":"Zuo","given":"Xiuxia"},{"family":"Yang","given":"Jingui"},{"family":"Strauss","given":"Florian"},{"family":"Volz","given":"Kerstin"},{"family":"Henss","given":"Anja"},{"family":"Shaplov","given":"Alexander"},{"family":"Richter","given":"Felix"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5445/ir/1000196243","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000196243","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20307875","type":"article-journal","title":"SPINMATE Advances Solid-State Battery Innovation at the 7th Consortium Meeting and Hybrid Training Event","abstract":"The SPINMATE project[1] successfully convened its seventh Consortium Meeting at TU Braunschweig on 5–6 May 2026, bringing together partners to advance collaboration on next-generation solid-state battery (SSB) manufacturing. The meeting featured a series of targeted internal workshops addressing standardisation, exploitation and intellectual property (IPR), and sustainability-driven manufacturing improvements. These discussions were complemented by a public-facing Hybrid Training Event on 7 May 2026, showcasing technical progress and knowledge across the consortium. [1] European Commission CORDIS - https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101069712","author":[{"family":"Hernandha","given":"Rahmandhika"},{"family":"Duarte","given":"Marco"},{"family":"Santos","given":"Mafalda"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20307875","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20307875","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20307876","type":"article-journal","title":"SPINMATE Advances Solid-State Battery Innovation at the 7th Consortium Meeting and Hybrid Training Event","abstract":"The SPINMATE project[1] successfully convened its seventh Consortium Meeting at TU Braunschweig on 5–6 May 2026, bringing together partners to advance collaboration on next-generation solid-state battery (SSB) manufacturing. The meeting featured a series of targeted internal workshops addressing standardisation, exploitation and intellectual property (IPR), and sustainability-driven manufacturing improvements. These discussions were complemented by a public-facing Hybrid Training Event on 7 May 2026, showcasing technical progress and knowledge across the consortium. [1] European Commission CORDIS - https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101069712","author":[{"family":"Hernandha","given":"Rahmandhika"},{"family":"Duarte","given":"Marco"},{"family":"Santos","given":"Mafalda"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20307876","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20307876","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5445/ir/1000195944","type":"article-journal","title":"Improving the electro-chemo-mechanical stability of nickel-rich cathodes through tungsten modification for high-performance solid-state batteries","abstract":"LiNiO$_2$ represents the Co-free endmember of the layered Ni-rich oxide family and offers the highest practical capacity (energy density) among this class of cathode active materials (CAMs). However, its implementation in thiophosphate-based solid-state batteries is hampered by structural instability and interfacial degradation, particularly at high states of charge. Tungsten incorporation has been identified as a promising strategy to overcome these limitations; proven benefits include reduced particle fracture and improved capacity retention. In the present work, we systematically investigate a wetness impregnation approach applied at the precursor stage to achieve uniform tungsten distribution throughout the bulk and along the grain boundaries. Differential capacity analysis, electron microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy combined with distribution of relaxation times analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and in situ gas analysis collectively show that electro-chemo-mechanical degradation is mitigated during cycling. Taken together, these findings establish tungsten incorporation via precursor impregnation as an effective and scalable route to stabilizing Ni-rich cathodes, with direct implications for the development of high-performance, Co-free CAMs for solid-state battery applications.","author":[{"family":"Henkel","given":"Philip"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Ruizhuo"},{"family":"Sahu","given":"Rajib"},{"family":"Kübel","given":"Christian"},{"family":"Seenath","given":"Jensheer"},{"family":"Schmitt","given":"Maik"},{"family":"Rauska","given":"Ulf"},{"family":"Röder","given":"Celine"},{"family":"Jeschull","given":"Fabian"},{"family":"Janek","given":"Jürgen"},{"family":"Kondrakov","given":"Aleksandr"},{"family":"Brezesinski","given":"Torsten"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5445/ir/1000195944","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000195944","source":"datacite"},{"id":"oa:W4394688882","type":"article-journal","title":"The challenges of sustainable energy transition: A focus on renewable energy","abstract":"Energy is both a fundamental necessity and a driving force behind human activities. Throughout history, energy consumption has steadily risen, evolving from basic needs like food and fire for early humans to complex industrial and technological requirements today. Transitioning to a sustainable energy system requires a policy framework that empowers developing nations to promote green industries, diversify their sectors, and accelerate growth while addressing climate change and related challenges. In response to the urgent need for a global transition towards sustainable energy sources, this research explores the pivotal roles of technology, research, and policy in advancing renewable energy solutions. Motivated by the growing environmental challenges associated with conventional energy sources, the primary goal of this study is to shed light on the multifaceted strategies that facilitate the widespread adoption of renewable energy and contribute to mitigating climate change. Through an extensive analysis of renewable energy technologies, research contributions, and policy frameworks, this research uncovers critical insights. Our findings reveal how technological innovations have revolutionized renewable energy sources, making them more efficient, affordable, and scalable. Furthermore, research efforts have identified new opportunities and addressed technical challenges, while also assessing the environmental and societal impacts of renewable energy adoption. Crucially, this study underscores the indispensable role of policy in driving renewable energy transitions. Governments worldwide play a pivotal role in incentivizing renewable energy development through financial incentives, regulatory mandates, and research and development support. Moreover, these policies aim to promote energy efficiency, conservation, and equitable access to sustainable solutions. The results of this research emphasize that the transition to renewable energy is not only a viable solution to climate change but also an opportunity to create green jobs, enhance energy security, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The potential for a sustainable future powered by renewable energy is within reach, and this study serves as a guidepost for realizing this transformative vision.","author":[{"family":"Saleh","given":"Hosam"},{"family":"Hassan","given":"Amal"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.59429/ace.v7i2.2084","URL":"https://doi.org/10.59429/ace.v7i2.2084","source":"openalex"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21549118","type":"article-journal","title":"Control Of High Gain Converter","abstract":"Nowadays, because of pollution problems of the conventional energy resources and their unpleasant effects on the earth planet and people life, renewable resources such as photovoltaic(PV) cells and fuel cells are considered to produce electrical energy. These sources directly convert solar energy into electrical energy. Since, the output voltage of PV cells is low; a high gain boost DC-DC converter is needed to increase the low voltage so as to produce high dc output voltage. In this work, a unique high boost DC-DC converter is considered. This converter has higher voltage gain compared to the conventional boost converters. For conventional boost converter, in order to obtain high voltage gain, the extreme duty ratio of its switch is required, which increases the input current ripple greatly. Meanwhile, the power component suffers high voltage stress and work in hard switching condition, bringing about serious conducting losses and reduces the conversion efficiency. The converter used in the present study has network of switched inductor and switched capacitor and can achieve high voltage gain under appropriate duty cycle. Meanwhile, the active switches and diodes suffer from low voltage stress. In this paper, a control scheme is proposed for this non-isolated high step-up dc-dc converter. A closed loop scheme is developed using PI controller. The circuit simulation is done using MATLAB/Simulink. The performance of the high gain converter with PI controller is analyzed and the results are presented.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21549118","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21549118","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21549119","type":"article-journal","title":"Control Of High Gain Converter","abstract":"Nowadays, because of pollution problems of the conventional energy resources and their unpleasant effects on the earth planet and people life, renewable resources such as photovoltaic(PV) cells and fuel cells are considered to produce electrical energy. These sources directly convert solar energy into electrical energy. Since, the output voltage of PV cells is low; a high gain boost DC-DC converter is needed to increase the low voltage so as to produce high dc output voltage. In this work, a unique high boost DC-DC converter is considered. This converter has higher voltage gain compared to the conventional boost converters. For conventional boost converter, in order to obtain high voltage gain, the extreme duty ratio of its switch is required, which increases the input current ripple greatly. Meanwhile, the power component suffers high voltage stress and work in hard switching condition, bringing about serious conducting losses and reduces the conversion efficiency. The converter used in the present study has network of switched inductor and switched capacitor and can achieve high voltage gain under appropriate duty cycle. Meanwhile, the active switches and diodes suffer from low voltage stress. In this paper, a control scheme is proposed for this non-isolated high step-up dc-dc converter. A closed loop scheme is developed using PI controller. The circuit simulation is done using MATLAB/Simulink. The performance of the high gain converter with PI controller is analyzed and the results are presented.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21549119","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21549119","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21547169","type":"article-journal","title":"A Comprehensive Review on Sustainable Energy Source","abstract":"The article examines different methodologies employed for the generation of electric power from renewable energy sources, applicable for integration with a power grid and for operation as a standalone system. All renewable energy resources, with the exception of geothermal energy, are dependent on climatic conditions. Consequently, the power generated from these sources varies in magnitude and may occasionally result in no power generation at all. This paper reviews various schemes outlined in the literature aimed at enhancing power quality and overall system performance through the application of advanced power electronics technologies. This document provides a detailed analysis of significant sustainable energy technologies pertinent to India and the international landscape: solar photovoltaic (PV), onshore wind, hydropower (both large and small scale), biomass and waste-to-energy, concentrating solar power (CSP), as well as emerging alternatives such as offshore wind, geothermal, and hydrogen. Each technology is summarized with respect to its construction and operational principles, typical advantages and disadvantages, applications in India, and essential technical and economic parameters.","author":[{"family":"Patel","given":"Kiran"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21547169","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21547169","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21547170","type":"article-journal","title":"A Comprehensive Review on Sustainable Energy Source","abstract":"The article examines different methodologies employed for the generation of electric power from renewable energy sources, applicable for integration with a power grid and for operation as a standalone system. All renewable energy resources, with the exception of geothermal energy, are dependent on climatic conditions. Consequently, the power generated from these sources varies in magnitude and may occasionally result in no power generation at all. This paper reviews various schemes outlined in the literature aimed at enhancing power quality and overall system performance through the application of advanced power electronics technologies. This document provides a detailed analysis of significant sustainable energy technologies pertinent to India and the international landscape: solar photovoltaic (PV), onshore wind, hydropower (both large and small scale), biomass and waste-to-energy, concentrating solar power (CSP), as well as emerging alternatives such as offshore wind, geothermal, and hydrogen. Each technology is summarized with respect to its construction and operational principles, typical advantages and disadvantages, applications in India, and essential technical and economic parameters.","author":[{"family":"Patel","given":"Kiran"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21547170","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21547170","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22184988","type":"article-journal","title":"Resource Management, Innovation and Sustainable Development: A Multidisciplinary Assessment of Nashik District, Maharashtra.","abstract":"Abstract Nashik District is a special place in Maharashtra where many things like farming, gardening making things using water building cities, tourism, technology and country life all happen together. The economy of Nashik District is closely linked to grapes, onions, vegetables, pomegranates and flowers while food processing, making things and wine-related activities provide ways for the economy to grow. However, Nashik District also faces problems like changes in rainfall stress on groundwater, soil damage, uncertainty about the climate changes in agricultural markets, uneven country development and growing city-industry activity. This study looks at how research and innovation can help Nashik District develop in a fair way. We used an analytical approach looking at information from government institutions district publications, policy material and scholarly sources. We combined views from geography, farming, the environment, technology, economics and society to understand the development conditions of Nashik District. We paid attention to sustainable farming, groundwater and watershed management, GIS and Remote Sensing climate adaptation adding value to farm products, country businesses, renewable energy and community resource management. The study suggests that for Nashik District to develop in a way we need to work together to connect environmental conservation with economic opportunity and community participation.","author":[{"family":"Shendge","given":"Laxman"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22184988","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22184988","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22184989","type":"article-journal","title":"Resource Management, Innovation and Sustainable Development: A Multidisciplinary Assessment of Nashik District, Maharashtra.","abstract":"Abstract Nashik District is a special place in Maharashtra where many things like farming, gardening making things using water building cities, tourism, technology and country life all happen together. The economy of Nashik District is closely linked to grapes, onions, vegetables, pomegranates and flowers while food processing, making things and wine-related activities provide ways for the economy to grow. However, Nashik District also faces problems like changes in rainfall stress on groundwater, soil damage, uncertainty about the climate changes in agricultural markets, uneven country development and growing city-industry activity. This study looks at how research and innovation can help Nashik District develop in a fair way. We used an analytical approach looking at information from government institutions district publications, policy material and scholarly sources. We combined views from geography, farming, the environment, technology, economics and society to understand the development conditions of Nashik District. We paid attention to sustainable farming, groundwater and watershed management, GIS and Remote Sensing climate adaptation adding value to farm products, country businesses, renewable energy and community resource management. The study suggests that for Nashik District to develop in a way we need to work together to connect environmental conservation with economic opportunity and community participation.","author":[{"family":"Shendge","given":"Laxman"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22184989","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22184989","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20499463","type":"article-journal","title":"FinTech as Cross-Sector Digital Infrastructure: A Risk-Governed Framework for Inclusive Finance, Productive Transformation, and Emerging-Market Development","abstract":"Financial technology, commonly known as FinTech, has evolved from a narrow set of payment and banking innovations into a cross-sector digital infrastructure that affects financial inclusion, economic formalization, industrial efficiency, public-service delivery, healthcare, agriculture, tourism, renewable energy, mobility, and reconstruction finance. This paper develops a risk-governed framework for understanding FinTech as an enabling architecture for emerging and reconstruction economies rather than as a collection of isolated digital financial products. The study applies an integrative conceptual methodology, drawing on global policy evidence, recent financial-inclusion data, regulatory developments, and the author’s prior publications on FinTech innovation, digital currency, public health, agriculture, tourism, renewable energy, smart cities, e-mobility, cybersecurity, due diligence, economic feasibility, and Syria’s digital financial transformation. The paper argues that successful FinTech development requires four mutually reinforcing layers: foundational infrastructure, regulated digital-finance applications, cross-sector productive integration, and measurable development outcomes. Global evidence shows that digital financial access is expanding rapidly: the Global Findex 2025 reports that 79% of adults globally now have an account, while 84% of adults in low- and middle-income countries own a mobile phone. At the same time, the risks associated with crypto-assets, stablecoins, artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, algorithmic bias, data governance, and regulatory arbitrage require stronger governance and supervisory capacity. The paper contributes a FinTech Readiness and Risk Matrix, a Cross-Sector FinTech Integration Model, and a policy roadmap for emerging economies. It concludes that FinTech can accelerate inclusive development only when embedded in trustworthy institutions, interoperable infrastructure, financial literacy, AML/CFT compliance, consumer protection, cybersecurity, and outcome-based regulation.","author":[{"family":"Abedalrhman","given":"Kahtan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20499463","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20499463","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20499464","type":"article-journal","title":"FinTech as Cross-Sector Digital Infrastructure: A Risk-Governed Framework for Inclusive Finance, Productive Transformation, and Emerging-Market Development","abstract":"Financial technology, commonly known as FinTech, has evolved from a narrow set of payment and banking innovations into a cross-sector digital infrastructure that affects financial inclusion, economic formalization, industrial efficiency, public-service delivery, healthcare, agriculture, tourism, renewable energy, mobility, and reconstruction finance. This paper develops a risk-governed framework for understanding FinTech as an enabling architecture for emerging and reconstruction economies rather than as a collection of isolated digital financial products. The study applies an integrative conceptual methodology, drawing on global policy evidence, recent financial-inclusion data, regulatory developments, and the author’s prior publications on FinTech innovation, digital currency, public health, agriculture, tourism, renewable energy, smart cities, e-mobility, cybersecurity, due diligence, economic feasibility, and Syria’s digital financial transformation. The paper argues that successful FinTech development requires four mutually reinforcing layers: foundational infrastructure, regulated digital-finance applications, cross-sector productive integration, and measurable development outcomes. Global evidence shows that digital financial access is expanding rapidly: the Global Findex 2025 reports that 79% of adults globally now have an account, while 84% of adults in low- and middle-income countries own a mobile phone. At the same time, the risks associated with crypto-assets, stablecoins, artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, algorithmic bias, data governance, and regulatory arbitrage require stronger governance and supervisory capacity. The paper contributes a FinTech Readiness and Risk Matrix, a Cross-Sector FinTech Integration Model, and a policy roadmap for emerging economies. It concludes that FinTech can accelerate inclusive development only when embedded in trustworthy institutions, interoperable infrastructure, financial literacy, AML/CFT compliance, consumer protection, cybersecurity, and outcome-based regulation.","author":[{"family":"Abedalrhman","given":"Kahtan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20499464","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20499464","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20269944","type":"article-journal","title":"Need for Clean and Green Energy in India","abstract":"Abstract India's transition to clean and green energy is crucial for addressing environmental concerns, ensuring energy security, and promoting sustainable development. The current energy landscape of India is highlighting the country's heavy reliance on fossil fuels and its associated challenges, including high carbon emissions, air pollution, and energy import dependence. The paper explores the potential of renewable energy sources in India, discussing their environmental, health, economic, and social benefits. It outlines key government initiatives and policies promoting clean energy adoption, such as the National Solar Mission and the National Green Hydrogen Mission. Despite significant progress, with non-fossil fuel sources accounting for 46.3% of total installed capacity as of October 2024, India faces challenges in its clean energy transition, including financial constraints, technological barriers, and infrastructure bottlenecks. The paper presents opportunities for accelerating clean energy adoption through public-private partnerships, international collaboration and innovation in energy storage. Case studies from Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, and Maharashtra demonstrate a successful implementation of renewable energy projects. The conclusion emphasizes the need for enhanced policy implementation, strategic investments, and community participation to achieve India's target of 500 GW of non-fossil fuel energy capacity by 2030.","author":[{"family":"Kumar","given":"Sonelal"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20269944","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20269944","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20269945","type":"article-journal","title":"Need for Clean and Green Energy in India","abstract":"Abstract India's transition to clean and green energy is crucial for addressing environmental concerns, ensuring energy security, and promoting sustainable development. The current energy landscape of India is highlighting the country's heavy reliance on fossil fuels and its associated challenges, including high carbon emissions, air pollution, and energy import dependence. The paper explores the potential of renewable energy sources in India, discussing their environmental, health, economic, and social benefits. It outlines key government initiatives and policies promoting clean energy adoption, such as the National Solar Mission and the National Green Hydrogen Mission. Despite significant progress, with non-fossil fuel sources accounting for 46.3% of total installed capacity as of October 2024, India faces challenges in its clean energy transition, including financial constraints, technological barriers, and infrastructure bottlenecks. The paper presents opportunities for accelerating clean energy adoption through public-private partnerships, international collaboration and innovation in energy storage. Case studies from Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, and Maharashtra demonstrate a successful implementation of renewable energy projects. The conclusion emphasizes the need for enhanced policy implementation, strategic investments, and community participation to achieve India's target of 500 GW of non-fossil fuel energy capacity by 2030.","author":[{"family":"Kumar","given":"Sonelal"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20269945","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20269945","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20439367","type":"article-journal","title":"Main Elements of Growth in Modern Developing Economies: An Evidence-Based Framework for Sustainable Development in the Digital Age (A Comprehensive Analysis with Data-Driven Insights and Policy Implications)","abstract":"This comprehensive study analyzes the main elements driving economic growth in modern developing economies, utilizing extensive empirical data from international organizations, academic research, and case studies from 2020-2025. As global economic dynamics shift in the post-pandemic era, developing economies have demonstrated remarkable resilience, contributing approximately 60% of global growth since 2020 despite accounting for only 40% of global GDP. Through systematic analysis of World Bank, IMF, UNCTAD, and OECD data, this research identifies eight critical growth elements: Digital Transformation and Artificial Intelligence, Structural Economic Transformation, Human Capital Development, Infrastructure and Technological Leapfrogging, Institutional Quality and Governance, Financial Sector Development, International Trade Integration, and Environmental Sustainability. The study reveals that successful developing economies achieve growth rates 2-3 times higher than developed countries by strategically integrating these elements. Key findings include: mobile money adoption reaching 64% in Sub-Saharan Africa by 2023, AI productivity gains of 15-30% in early-adopting enterprises, and renewable energy investment reaching $2 trillion globally in 2024. The research concludes that 21st-century development requires simultaneous advancement across all eight dimensions, supported by evidence-based policy frameworks and international cooperation.","author":[{"family":"Gill","given":"Rajwinder"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20439367","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20439367","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20439368","type":"article-journal","title":"Main Elements of Growth in Modern Developing Economies: An Evidence-Based Framework for Sustainable Development in the Digital Age (A Comprehensive Analysis with Data-Driven Insights and Policy Implications)","abstract":"This comprehensive study analyzes the main elements driving economic growth in modern developing economies, utilizing extensive empirical data from international organizations, academic research, and case studies from 2020-2025. As global economic dynamics shift in the post-pandemic era, developing economies have demonstrated remarkable resilience, contributing approximately 60% of global growth since 2020 despite accounting for only 40% of global GDP. Through systematic analysis of World Bank, IMF, UNCTAD, and OECD data, this research identifies eight critical growth elements: Digital Transformation and Artificial Intelligence, Structural Economic Transformation, Human Capital Development, Infrastructure and Technological Leapfrogging, Institutional Quality and Governance, Financial Sector Development, International Trade Integration, and Environmental Sustainability. The study reveals that successful developing economies achieve growth rates 2-3 times higher than developed countries by strategically integrating these elements. Key findings include: mobile money adoption reaching 64% in Sub-Saharan Africa by 2023, AI productivity gains of 15-30% in early-adopting enterprises, and renewable energy investment reaching $2 trillion globally in 2024. The research concludes that 21st-century development requires simultaneous advancement across all eight dimensions, supported by evidence-based policy frameworks and international cooperation.","author":[{"family":"Gill","given":"Rajwinder"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20439368","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20439368","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22140858","type":"article-journal","title":"India's Green Innovations for Sustainable Development: Materials, Energy, and Environmental Management","abstract":"Abstract The exponential growth of artificial intelligence (AI), cloud computing, and hyperscale digital infrastructure has transformed data centres into critical components of the global economy. However, this rapid digital expansion has also intensified concerns regarding energy consumption, carbon emissions, freshwater usage, and environmental sustainability. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), global data-centre electricity demand reached approximately 415 TWh in 2024 and is projected to exceed 945 TWh by 2030 due to AI-driven computing growth. Simultaneously, emerging economies face additional challenges related to fossil-fuel dependence, water scarcity, and weak sustainability governance. This paper investigates the decarbonization of data centres through Green AI frameworks, renewable energy integration, carbon-aware computing, and sustainability-oriented regulatory policies. The study compares policy and infrastructure models from Bengaluru, Singapore, Amsterdam, and Pune. Pune is analysed as an emerging Indian data-centre ecosystem with the potential to either replicate Bengaluru’s resource-intensive trajectory or evolve into a sustainable digital infrastructure model. The paper proposes a multi-layer Green AI governance framework involving renewable energy mandates, carbon accounting, water-neutral cooling, and AI workload optimization. The analysis demonstrates that sustainability outcomes are strongly dependent on policy enforcement rather than technological capability alone. The findings suggest that emerging economies require economically viable and enforceable sustainability frameworks to balance digital growth with climate and resource security.","author":[{"family":"Dhage","given":"Nikhil"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22140858","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22140858","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22140859","type":"article-journal","title":"India's Green Innovations for Sustainable Development: Materials, Energy, and Environmental Management","abstract":"Abstract The exponential growth of artificial intelligence (AI), cloud computing, and hyperscale digital infrastructure has transformed data centres into critical components of the global economy. However, this rapid digital expansion has also intensified concerns regarding energy consumption, carbon emissions, freshwater usage, and environmental sustainability. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), global data-centre electricity demand reached approximately 415 TWh in 2024 and is projected to exceed 945 TWh by 2030 due to AI-driven computing growth. Simultaneously, emerging economies face additional challenges related to fossil-fuel dependence, water scarcity, and weak sustainability governance. This paper investigates the decarbonization of data centres through Green AI frameworks, renewable energy integration, carbon-aware computing, and sustainability-oriented regulatory policies. The study compares policy and infrastructure models from Bengaluru, Singapore, Amsterdam, and Pune. Pune is analysed as an emerging Indian data-centre ecosystem with the potential to either replicate Bengaluru’s resource-intensive trajectory or evolve into a sustainable digital infrastructure model. The paper proposes a multi-layer Green AI governance framework involving renewable energy mandates, carbon accounting, water-neutral cooling, and AI workload optimization. The analysis demonstrates that sustainability outcomes are strongly dependent on policy enforcement rather than technological capability alone. The findings suggest that emerging economies require economically viable and enforceable sustainability frameworks to balance digital growth with climate and resource security.","author":[{"family":"Dhage","given":"Nikhil"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22140859","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22140859","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21761224","type":"article-journal","title":"GOVERNANCE QUALITY AND THE RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY TRANSITION: A COMPARATIVE PANEL ANALYSIS OF GCC AND ASEAN ECONOMIES, 2004–2024","abstract":"This paper examines whether governance quality shapes the renewable electricity transition and whether the hydrocarbon-rentier context mutes this institutional channel. Using a balanced panel of 11 Asian economies—six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and five ASEAN countries—over 2004–2024, we combine Worldwide Governance Indicators with energy data from the Energy Institute/Ember compilation and macroeconomic controls from the World Development Indicators. Two-way fixed-effects estimates with Driscoll–Kraay standard errors show that control of corruption and regulatory quality, lagged two years, significantly raise the renewable share of electricity generation in ASEAN economies: a one-standard-deviation (within-country) improvement in control of corruption is associated with an increase of about 1.3 percentage points, rising to roughly 2.3 percentage points in the long run of a dynamic specification. In the GCC, however, the effect is fully offset: interaction terms are negative, similar in magnitude, and statistically significant, and subsample estimates are near zero. Results are robust to alternative lags, a low-carbon dependent variable, dynamic specifications, and leave-one-country-out tests. The findings support a rentier-state interpretation in which state-led programs, rather than broad institutional quality, drive decarbonization in resource-rich economies, with distinct policy implications for the two regions.","author":[{"family":"Dr Ahmad Al-Harbi","given":"Phd"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21761224","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21761224","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21761225","type":"article-journal","title":"GOVERNANCE QUALITY AND THE RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY TRANSITION: A COMPARATIVE PANEL ANALYSIS OF GCC AND ASEAN ECONOMIES, 2004–2024","abstract":"This paper examines whether governance quality shapes the renewable electricity transition and whether the hydrocarbon-rentier context mutes this institutional channel. Using a balanced panel of 11 Asian economies—six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and five ASEAN countries—over 2004–2024, we combine Worldwide Governance Indicators with energy data from the Energy Institute/Ember compilation and macroeconomic controls from the World Development Indicators. Two-way fixed-effects estimates with Driscoll–Kraay standard errors show that control of corruption and regulatory quality, lagged two years, significantly raise the renewable share of electricity generation in ASEAN economies: a one-standard-deviation (within-country) improvement in control of corruption is associated with an increase of about 1.3 percentage points, rising to roughly 2.3 percentage points in the long run of a dynamic specification. In the GCC, however, the effect is fully offset: interaction terms are negative, similar in magnitude, and statistically significant, and subsample estimates are near zero. Results are robust to alternative lags, a low-carbon dependent variable, dynamic specifications, and leave-one-country-out tests. The findings support a rentier-state interpretation in which state-led programs, rather than broad institutional quality, drive decarbonization in resource-rich economies, with distinct policy implications for the two regions.","author":[{"family":"Dr Ahmad Al-Harbi","given":"Phd"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21761225","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21761225","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22121654","type":"article-journal","title":"Green Innovation for Sustainable Development: Materials, Energy, And Environmental Management","abstract":"Abstract The intensifying challenges of climate change and resource scarcity necessitate a systemic shift toward green innovation. This study utilizes a multidisciplinary framework to evaluate the integration of green materials, renewable energy systems, and environmental management practices. Employing a quantitative and qualitative research design, the study analyzes global datasets (2022–2026) through regression and comparative mapping with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Results indicate that while the global renewable energy share increased from 28% to 40% between 2020 and 2024, total CO_2 emissions rose concurrently from 34.8 to 37.8 Gt. The findings highlight that green innovation serves as a strategic pathway for sustainability, but its efficacy depends on robust institutional governance and the transition to a circular economy to achieve meaningful ecological and economic benefits. Using a multidisciplinary framework, this publication-grade study investigates green materials, renewable energy systems, and environmental management practices. The research integrates literature review (2022–2026), statistical modelling, hypothesis testing, and sustainability mapping.","author":[{"family":"Shintre","given":"Mallikarjun"},{"family":"Dorugade","given":"SP"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22121654","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22121654","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22121653","type":"article-journal","title":"Green Innovation for Sustainable Development: Materials, Energy, And Environmental Management","abstract":"Abstract The intensifying challenges of climate change and resource scarcity necessitate a systemic shift toward green innovation. This study utilizes a multidisciplinary framework to evaluate the integration of green materials, renewable energy systems, and environmental management practices. Employing a quantitative and qualitative research design, the study analyzes global datasets (2022–2026) through regression and comparative mapping with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Results indicate that while the global renewable energy share increased from 28% to 40% between 2020 and 2024, total CO_2 emissions rose concurrently from 34.8 to 37.8 Gt. The findings highlight that green innovation serves as a strategic pathway for sustainability, but its efficacy depends on robust institutional governance and the transition to a circular economy to achieve meaningful ecological and economic benefits. Using a multidisciplinary framework, this publication-grade study investigates green materials, renewable energy systems, and environmental management practices. The research integrates literature review (2022–2026), statistical modelling, hypothesis testing, and sustainability mapping.","author":[{"family":"Shintre","given":"Mallikarjun"},{"family":"Dorugade","given":"SP"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22121653","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22121653","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20440334","type":"article-journal","title":"Imported Compute, Delayed Grids: AI Infrastructure Absorption Lag and Grid Catch-Up Capacity in Europe","abstract":"This record contains two linked working papers examining whether Europe’s AI and data-centre infrastructure may be scaling faster than the electricity systems required to support it. The first paper, “Imported Compute, Delayed Grids: The AI Infrastructure Absorption Lag in Europe,” defines the concept of Infrastructure Absorption Lag: the time gap between the physical arrival and installation of high-load AI/data-centre infrastructure and the availability of grid, generation, substation, cooling, permitting, and local connection capacity required to operate it. The paper proposes a Eurostat/Comext-based Data-Centre Import Pressure Basket as an early-warning proxy for infrastructure scaling, while explicitly noting that trade data cannot directly measure electricity demand. The second paper, “AI Infrastructure Intensity and Grid Catch-Up Capacity in Europe: Five 1–5 Year Implementation Models,” extends the concept into a technical stress-testing framework. It models five implementation pathways: Baseline Continuation, Accelerated AI Build-Out, Compressed One-Year Shock, Grid-Constrained Deployment, and Policy Catch-Up / Coordinated Absorption. The paper compares each pathway against illustrative grid-support expansion using two metrics: the Grid Absorption Ratio and the Practical Catch-Up Period. The central finding is that Europe’s AI infrastructure risk is not determined only by the total scale of future data-centre electricity demand. It is also determined by the rate and sequencing of arrival. AI infrastructure can be imported and installed in months, while the electricity infrastructure required to operate it is planned and built over years. This creates a timing mismatch that conventional long-range demand projections may understate. The modelling results show that identical five-year deployment totals can produce very different grid-stress outcomes depending on timing. In the Accelerated Build-Out and Compressed One-Year Shock models, both reach 9 GW of additional IT load over five years, but the compressed-shock model front-loads 5 GW into Year 1, producing much higher early absorption stress. This demonstrates that the most hazardous scenario is not necessarily the largest total deployment, but the one in which several years of infrastructure arrive before support capacity can catch up. Scenario arithmetic shows how quickly fixed IT load becomes material electricity demand. At a PUE of 1.3, 1 GW of new IT load implies roughly 11.4 TWh/year, while 5 GW implies roughly 56.9 TWh/year. These figures are conversion illustrations, not measured estimates, but they show why gigawatt-scale additions can become significant for regional energy systems. The papers also find that the problem is fundamentally local and nodal, not simply EU-wide. Data-centre loads tend to cluster around fibre routes, existing grid nodes, cool climates, and favourable jurisdictions. This means national or EU-level electricity totals may appear manageable even while specific regions, substations, or connection zones experience severe bottlenecks. The Policy Catch-Up model shows that high AI infrastructure growth is not automatically unmanageable. In the modelling frame, the largest five-year deployment can become the best-managed outcome if grid planning, connection reform, renewables, storage, demand response, cooling, and waste-heat reuse are accelerated alongside deployment. Scale alone is not the decisive problem; unmatched rate of arrival is. These papers establish the conceptual and modelling framework. The quantitative schedules, grid-support tracks, and absorption-ratio thresholds are illustrative modelling assumptions, not empirical forecasts. A follow-up empirical paper will apply the framework to Eurostat/Comext import data, using a tiered Data-Centre Import Pressure Basket covering servers, accelerator boards, processors, memory, networking, storage, and power-conversion equipment. Note: This is an independent working-paper release. The ana","author":[{"family":"Ryder","given":"John"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20440334","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20440334","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20459302","type":"article-journal","title":"POST-COAL MINING VOIDS: ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS, UTILIZATION POTENTIAL, AND SUSTAINABILITY CHALLENGES: A REVIEW","abstract":"Open-pit coal mining generates extensive post-mining voids in the form of large depressions that pose persistent environmental challenges, including land degradation, water pollution, ecological imbalance, and long-term safety risks. At the same time, these voids offer substantial opportunities for productive and sustainable utilization when managed through integrated environmental strategies. This review aims to critically assess the opportunities, potentials, and challenges associated with the sustainable use of post-coal mining voids within the context of environmental protection and pollution control. A narrative review methodology was employed by systematically analyzing more than 80 international peer-reviewed articles published between 2010 and 2024, encompassing multidisciplinary case studies from various countries. The findings indicate that unmanaged mining voids significantly contribute to acid mine drainage, water quality deterioration, and landscape instability, whereas integrated reclamation approaches can restore ecological and hydrological functions. Technologies such as floating photovoltaic systems, pressure retarded osmosis, and spatially based hydrological modeling demonstrate strong potential in supporting renewable energy generation, water resource management, and land rehabilitation in former mining areas. The review further highlights the importance of regulatory enforcement, technological innovation, and community engagement in ensuring sustainable post-mining transitions. Overall, this study concludes that post-coal mining voids can be transformed from environmental liabilities into strategic assets that support environmental sustainability, pollution mitigation, and the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly those related to clean water, clean energy, climate action, and ecosystem restoration.","author":[{"family":"Sahlur Hamzah M","given":"Sri"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20459302","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20459302","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20459303","type":"article-journal","title":"POST-COAL MINING VOIDS: ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS, UTILIZATION POTENTIAL, AND SUSTAINABILITY CHALLENGES: A REVIEW","abstract":"Open-pit coal mining generates extensive post-mining voids in the form of large depressions that pose persistent environmental challenges, including land degradation, water pollution, ecological imbalance, and long-term safety risks. At the same time, these voids offer substantial opportunities for productive and sustainable utilization when managed through integrated environmental strategies. This review aims to critically assess the opportunities, potentials, and challenges associated with the sustainable use of post-coal mining voids within the context of environmental protection and pollution control. A narrative review methodology was employed by systematically analyzing more than 80 international peer-reviewed articles published between 2010 and 2024, encompassing multidisciplinary case studies from various countries. The findings indicate that unmanaged mining voids significantly contribute to acid mine drainage, water quality deterioration, and landscape instability, whereas integrated reclamation approaches can restore ecological and hydrological functions. Technologies such as floating photovoltaic systems, pressure retarded osmosis, and spatially based hydrological modeling demonstrate strong potential in supporting renewable energy generation, water resource management, and land rehabilitation in former mining areas. The review further highlights the importance of regulatory enforcement, technological innovation, and community engagement in ensuring sustainable post-mining transitions. Overall, this study concludes that post-coal mining voids can be transformed from environmental liabilities into strategic assets that support environmental sustainability, pollution mitigation, and the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly those related to clean water, clean energy, climate action, and ecosystem restoration.","author":[{"family":"Sahlur Hamzah M","given":"Sri"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20459303","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20459303","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19609832","type":"article-journal","title":"GST Reforms and India's Growth Trajectory: Sectoral Opportunities and Challenges","abstract":"Abstract The implementation of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India is one of the most extensive fiscal reforms in the country's post-independence history. Aside from its economic ramifications, GST necessitated substantial communication methods to assure knowledge, compliance, and acceptance among varied stakeholders. This study examines the role of English in shaping media narratives and facilitating business communication during the GST reform process. Drawing on qualitative analyses of media discourse, policy papers, and current academic research, the paper contends that English served as a major medium for deciphering complicated tax regimes, standardizing communication across industries, and facilitating global economic integration. However, the predominance of English also introduced challenges related to accessibility, linguistic inequality, and limited inclusivity in public discourse. The study concludes that while English has been instrumental in the effective dissemination of GST-related information, a multilingual communication framework is essential for equitable policy implementation in a linguistically diverse country like India. Keywords: GST, English language, media discourse, business communication, language policy, India, economic reforms 1. Introduction The introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) on July 1, 2017, marked a paradigm shift in India’s indirect taxation system. By consolidating multiple state and central taxes into a unified structure, GST aimed to simplify compliance, improve transparency, and enhance economic efficiency. However, the success of such a reform depended not only on policy design but also on effective communication. India's language variety creates a unique difficulty for policy transmission. With hundreds of languages and The Goods and Services Tax (GST), implemented in India on 1 July 2017, represents one of the most significant indirect tax reforms in the country’s economic history. By replacing multiple indirect taxes with a unified tax structure, GST aimed to create a common national market, enhance tax compliance, and stimulate economic growth. This study examines the impact of GST reforms on India’s growth trajectory by analysing sectoral opportunities and challenges arising from the new tax regime. The paper evaluates the influence of GST on sectors such as manufacturing, services, agriculture, logistics, retail, and small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The findings suggest that GST has improved supply chain efficiency, enhanced transparency, increased formalisation of the economy, and boosted inter-state trade. However, the reform has also created challenges related to compliance burden, technological adoption, and transitional disruptions for small businesses. The study concludes that while GST has contributed significantly to India’s long-term economic growth, continuous policy reforms and rationalisation of tax structures are necessary to maximise its benefits across sectors. Keywords: GST reforms, economic growth, sectoral impact, tax reform, Indian economy, GST challenges 1. Introduction Tax reforms play a crucial role in shaping the economic growth of a country. India’s indirect tax system before 2017 consisted of multiple taxes such as excise duty, service tax, value added tax (VAT), entry tax, and several state-level levies. This complex structure resulted in cascading taxes, inefficiencies, and compliance difficulties for businesses. To address these issues, the Government of India introduced the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in July 2017. GST unified several central and state taxes into a single system and created a nationwide market with uniform tax rates and procedures. The primary objectives of GST include: Eliminating cascading taxation Simplifying the tax system Promoting transparency and compliance Encouraging investment and economic growth Over the years, GST has undergone multiple reforms such as tax rate rationalisation, improved compliance","author":[{"family":"Radhikab","given":"Dr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19609832","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19609832","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19609833","type":"article-journal","title":"GST Reforms and India's Growth Trajectory: Sectoral Opportunities and Challenges","abstract":"Abstract The implementation of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India is one of the most extensive fiscal reforms in the country's post-independence history. Aside from its economic ramifications, GST necessitated substantial communication methods to assure knowledge, compliance, and acceptance among varied stakeholders. This study examines the role of English in shaping media narratives and facilitating business communication during the GST reform process. Drawing on qualitative analyses of media discourse, policy papers, and current academic research, the paper contends that English served as a major medium for deciphering complicated tax regimes, standardizing communication across industries, and facilitating global economic integration. However, the predominance of English also introduced challenges related to accessibility, linguistic inequality, and limited inclusivity in public discourse. The study concludes that while English has been instrumental in the effective dissemination of GST-related information, a multilingual communication framework is essential for equitable policy implementation in a linguistically diverse country like India. Keywords: GST, English language, media discourse, business communication, language policy, India, economic reforms 1. Introduction The introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) on July 1, 2017, marked a paradigm shift in India’s indirect taxation system. By consolidating multiple state and central taxes into a unified structure, GST aimed to simplify compliance, improve transparency, and enhance economic efficiency. However, the success of such a reform depended not only on policy design but also on effective communication. India's language variety creates a unique difficulty for policy transmission. With hundreds of languages and The Goods and Services Tax (GST), implemented in India on 1 July 2017, represents one of the most significant indirect tax reforms in the country’s economic history. By replacing multiple indirect taxes with a unified tax structure, GST aimed to create a common national market, enhance tax compliance, and stimulate economic growth. This study examines the impact of GST reforms on India’s growth trajectory by analysing sectoral opportunities and challenges arising from the new tax regime. The paper evaluates the influence of GST on sectors such as manufacturing, services, agriculture, logistics, retail, and small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The findings suggest that GST has improved supply chain efficiency, enhanced transparency, increased formalisation of the economy, and boosted inter-state trade. However, the reform has also created challenges related to compliance burden, technological adoption, and transitional disruptions for small businesses. The study concludes that while GST has contributed significantly to India’s long-term economic growth, continuous policy reforms and rationalisation of tax structures are necessary to maximise its benefits across sectors. Keywords: GST reforms, economic growth, sectoral impact, tax reform, Indian economy, GST challenges 1. Introduction Tax reforms play a crucial role in shaping the economic growth of a country. India’s indirect tax system before 2017 consisted of multiple taxes such as excise duty, service tax, value added tax (VAT), entry tax, and several state-level levies. This complex structure resulted in cascading taxes, inefficiencies, and compliance difficulties for businesses. To address these issues, the Government of India introduced the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in July 2017. GST unified several central and state taxes into a single system and created a nationwide market with uniform tax rates and procedures. The primary objectives of GST include: Eliminating cascading taxation Simplifying the tax system Promoting transparency and compliance Encouraging investment and economic growth Over the years, GST has undergone multiple reforms such as tax rate rationalisation, improved compliance","author":[{"family":"Radhikab","given":"Dr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19609833","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19609833","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19678305","type":"article-journal","title":"An Overview of the Challenges and Opportunities of Microfinance in Karnataka","abstract":"Abstract This paper examines microfinance as a vital instrument of economic development, aimed at supporting low-income households and empowering women to overcome poverty. The microfinance sector in India has played a crucial role in advancing financial inclusion, particularly since the introduction of basic “no-frills” banking accounts by the Reserve Bank of India. Over the years, Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) have emerged as key providers of small-scale credit and financial services to underserved populations. As of 2025, the microfinance sector continues to demonstrate significant growth both nationally and within Karnataka. In Karnataka, the sector has expanded substantially, with nearly one crore loan accounts and an outstanding portfolio exceeding ₹46,000 crores. At the national level, the total loan portfolio of MFIs has shown consistent growth beyond ₹3.48 lakh crores, serving over 7 crore borrowers, reflecting the increasing demand for accessible financial services. The expansion of microfinance in Karnataka has been driven by factors such as rising financial awareness, digital financial services, and policy support. At the same time, the Government of Karnataka and the Reserve Bank of India have strengthened regulatory oversight to protect both borrowers and lenders, given the financial risks and concerns related to over-indebtedness. Karnataka continues to rank among the leading states in microfinance outreach, with millions of active loan accounts and borrowers. Districts such as Mysuru, Belagavi, Tumakuru, Mandya, and Hassan remain prominent in terms of microfinance penetration. Overall, while microfinance has significantly contributed to financial inclusion, rural development, and women’s empowerment, it continues to face challenges related to regulation, sustainability, and credit risk, highlighting the need for balanced growth and effective policy intervention. Keywords: Women, NABARD, RBI, Banking, Microfinance Institutions (MFIs), Karnataka. 1.Introduction Microfinance refers to the provision of financial credit and related services to low-income individuals in rural, semi-urban, and urban areas, with the objective of enhancing their income levels and improving their standard of living. It includes a wide range of financial services such as savings accounts, insurance, and small loans tailored to the needs of economically weaker sections. Micro-savings accounts enable individuals and small entrepreneurs to save without the obligation of maintaining a minimum balance, thereby promoting financial discipline and encouraging future savings. Similarly, micro-insurance provides affordable risk coverage to low-income borrowers at comparatively lower premiums than conventional insurance schemes. Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) play a crucial role by offering collateral-free loans and financial services to underserved populations, thereby promoting financial inclusion and economic empowerment. These institutions have significantly contributed to expanding access to formal financial systems, especially among women and rural households. In recent years, the microfinance sector in India has witnessed substantial growth. As of 2024–25, the sector serves over 8.28 crore active borrowers with a total outstanding loan portfolio of approximately ₹3.81 lakh crore, highlighting its expanding outreach and importance in the financial system . However, the sector has also experienced fluctuations, with reports indicating a temporary contraction in portfolio size to around ₹3.14 lakh crore by late 2025, reflecting emerging challenges such as credit risk and market adjustments . Despite these challenges, microfinance remains a key driver of financial inclusion, supporting nearly 7–8 crore borrowers nationwide and contributing significantly to rural development . Microfinance has often demonstrated relatively high repayment rates due to group lending mechanisms and close monitoring. It is considered a sustainable model that enha","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19678305","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19678305","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19678306","type":"article-journal","title":"An Overview of the Challenges and Opportunities of Microfinance in Karnataka","abstract":"Abstract This paper examines microfinance as a vital instrument of economic development, aimed at supporting low-income households and empowering women to overcome poverty. The microfinance sector in India has played a crucial role in advancing financial inclusion, particularly since the introduction of basic “no-frills” banking accounts by the Reserve Bank of India. Over the years, Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) have emerged as key providers of small-scale credit and financial services to underserved populations. As of 2025, the microfinance sector continues to demonstrate significant growth both nationally and within Karnataka. In Karnataka, the sector has expanded substantially, with nearly one crore loan accounts and an outstanding portfolio exceeding ₹46,000 crores. At the national level, the total loan portfolio of MFIs has shown consistent growth beyond ₹3.48 lakh crores, serving over 7 crore borrowers, reflecting the increasing demand for accessible financial services. The expansion of microfinance in Karnataka has been driven by factors such as rising financial awareness, digital financial services, and policy support. At the same time, the Government of Karnataka and the Reserve Bank of India have strengthened regulatory oversight to protect both borrowers and lenders, given the financial risks and concerns related to over-indebtedness. Karnataka continues to rank among the leading states in microfinance outreach, with millions of active loan accounts and borrowers. Districts such as Mysuru, Belagavi, Tumakuru, Mandya, and Hassan remain prominent in terms of microfinance penetration. Overall, while microfinance has significantly contributed to financial inclusion, rural development, and women’s empowerment, it continues to face challenges related to regulation, sustainability, and credit risk, highlighting the need for balanced growth and effective policy intervention. Keywords: Women, NABARD, RBI, Banking, Microfinance Institutions (MFIs), Karnataka. 1.Introduction Microfinance refers to the provision of financial credit and related services to low-income individuals in rural, semi-urban, and urban areas, with the objective of enhancing their income levels and improving their standard of living. It includes a wide range of financial services such as savings accounts, insurance, and small loans tailored to the needs of economically weaker sections. Micro-savings accounts enable individuals and small entrepreneurs to save without the obligation of maintaining a minimum balance, thereby promoting financial discipline and encouraging future savings. Similarly, micro-insurance provides affordable risk coverage to low-income borrowers at comparatively lower premiums than conventional insurance schemes. Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) play a crucial role by offering collateral-free loans and financial services to underserved populations, thereby promoting financial inclusion and economic empowerment. These institutions have significantly contributed to expanding access to formal financial systems, especially among women and rural households. In recent years, the microfinance sector in India has witnessed substantial growth. As of 2024–25, the sector serves over 8.28 crore active borrowers with a total outstanding loan portfolio of approximately ₹3.81 lakh crore, highlighting its expanding outreach and importance in the financial system . However, the sector has also experienced fluctuations, with reports indicating a temporary contraction in portfolio size to around ₹3.14 lakh crore by late 2025, reflecting emerging challenges such as credit risk and market adjustments . Despite these challenges, microfinance remains a key driver of financial inclusion, supporting nearly 7–8 crore borrowers nationwide and contributing significantly to rural development . Microfinance has often demonstrated relatively high repayment rates due to group lending mechanisms and close monitoring. It is considered a sustainable model that enha","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19678306","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19678306","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21104798","type":"article-journal","title":"Renewable Energy Lift Irrigation Framework | Bhutan","abstract":"Multi-Criteria Assessment Framework for Prioritising Renewable Energy-Powered Lift Irrigation Sites in Bhutan is a comprehensive 2025 publication developed by the Royal Government of Bhutan's Department of Energy in collaboration with ICIMOD. The framework provides a structured methodology for evaluating and prioritising renewable energy-powered lift irrigation projects using a Multi-Criteria Assessment (MCA) approach integrated with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). It considers technical feasibility, water availability, financial and economic viability, environmental sustainability, agricultural productivity, and Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) to support transparent, evidence-based decision-making. Designed for policymakers, planners, engineers, researchers, development agencies, and agricultural professionals, this guide promotes climate-resilient irrigation systems, sustainable rural development, renewable energy adoption, food security, and inclusive agricultural growth in Bhutan while supporting long-term clean energy and water resource management initiatives.","author":[{"family":"Consulting","given":"Pop"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21104798","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21104798","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21104799","type":"article-journal","title":"Renewable Energy Lift Irrigation Framework | Bhutan","abstract":"Multi-Criteria Assessment Framework for Prioritising Renewable Energy-Powered Lift Irrigation Sites in Bhutan is a comprehensive 2025 publication developed by the Royal Government of Bhutan's Department of Energy in collaboration with ICIMOD. The framework provides a structured methodology for evaluating and prioritising renewable energy-powered lift irrigation projects using a Multi-Criteria Assessment (MCA) approach integrated with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). It considers technical feasibility, water availability, financial and economic viability, environmental sustainability, agricultural productivity, and Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) to support transparent, evidence-based decision-making. Designed for policymakers, planners, engineers, researchers, development agencies, and agricultural professionals, this guide promotes climate-resilient irrigation systems, sustainable rural development, renewable energy adoption, food security, and inclusive agricultural growth in Bhutan while supporting long-term clean energy and water resource management initiatives.","author":[{"family":"Consulting","given":"Pop"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21104799","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21104799","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21846509","type":"article-journal","title":"Energy Transition Financing and Industrial Competitiveness in Nigeria: An ARDL-ECM Analysis of Renewable Energy Investment, Manufacturing Output, and Carbon Intensity (1990–2025)","abstract":"Nigeria's post-fuel subsidy removal policies have raised concerns about renewable energy financing's impact on manufacturing and production prices. This study evaluates the influence of renewable energy investment funding on Nigeria's actual manufacturing value added and industrial carbon intensity from 1990 to 2025. Annual secondary time-series data were obtained from the CBN Statistical Bulletin, World Bank World Development Indicators (WDI), and International Energy Agency. The study used Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds-testing and the Error Correction Model to estimate long-term and short-term variable associations. Unit root tests and bounds testing proved the ARDL methodology's applicability and long-run equilibrium relationship. Renewable energy investment funding increases industrial value added over time, implying a crowding-in effect. In contrast, industrial carbon intensity hurts manufacturing performance. Error correction model confirms stable adjustment toward long-run equilibrium, and post-estimation diagnostic tests indicate statistically robust and stable estimated model. The study found that renewable energy investment in Nigeria can boost industrial growth and environmental sustainability. Thus, complementary industrial policies, energy infrastructure improvements, and renewable energy financing should be implemented to boost manufacturing competitiveness and energy transition.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21846509","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21846509","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22153826","type":"article-journal","title":"Energy Transition Financing and Industrial Competitiveness in Nigeria: An ARDL-ECM Analysis of Renewable Energy Investment, Manufacturing Output, and Carbon Intensity (1990–2025)","abstract":"Nigeria's post-fuel subsidy removal policies have raised concerns about renewable energy financing's impact on manufacturing and production prices. This study evaluates the influence of renewable energy investment funding on Nigeria's actual manufacturing value added and industrial carbon intensity from 1990 to 2025. Annual secondary time-series data were obtained from the CBN Statistical Bulletin, World Bank World Development Indicators (WDI), and International Energy Agency. The study used Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds-testing and the Error Correction Model to estimate long-term and short-term variable associations. Unit root tests and bounds testing proved the ARDL methodology's applicability and long-run equilibrium relationship. Renewable energy investment funding increases industrial value added over time, implying a crowding-in effect. In contrast, industrial carbon intensity hurts manufacturing performance. Error correction model confirms stable adjustment toward long-run equilibrium, and post-estimation diagnostic tests indicate statistically robust and stable estimated model. The study found that renewable energy investment in Nigeria can boost industrial growth and environmental sustainability. Thus, complementary industrial policies, energy infrastructure improvements, and renewable energy financing should be implemented to boost manufacturing competitiveness and energy transition.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22153826","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22153826","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22153825","type":"article-journal","title":"Energy Transition Financing and Industrial Competitiveness in Nigeria: An ARDL-ECM Analysis of Renewable Energy Investment, Manufacturing Output, and Carbon Intensity (1990–2025)","abstract":"Nigeria's post-fuel subsidy removal policies have raised concerns about renewable energy financing's impact on manufacturing and production prices. This study evaluates the influence of renewable energy investment funding on Nigeria's actual manufacturing value added and industrial carbon intensity from 1990 to 2025. Annual secondary time-series data were obtained from the CBN Statistical Bulletin, World Bank World Development Indicators (WDI), and International Energy Agency. The study used Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds-testing and the Error Correction Model to estimate long-term and short-term variable associations. Unit root tests and bounds testing proved the ARDL methodology's applicability and long-run equilibrium relationship. Renewable energy investment funding increases industrial value added over time, implying a crowding-in effect. In contrast, industrial carbon intensity hurts manufacturing performance. Error correction model confirms stable adjustment toward long-run equilibrium, and post-estimation diagnostic tests indicate statistically robust and stable estimated model. The study found that renewable energy investment in Nigeria can boost industrial growth and environmental sustainability. Thus, complementary industrial policies, energy infrastructure improvements, and renewable energy financing should be implemented to boost manufacturing competitiveness and energy transition.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22153825","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22153825","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21106541","type":"article-journal","title":"Dataset for \"Autonomous PV-Powered Smart Windows: Active Glass Heating in NZEB Applications\"","abstract":"Dataset for \"Autonomous PV-Powered Smart Windows: Active Glass Heating in NZEB Applications\" PROJECT INFORMATION - Granting Agency: National Science Centre (NCN), Poland - Grant Scheme: MINIATURA 9 - Grant Number: DEC-2025/09/X/ST8/00339 - Project Title: Integracja fotowoltaiki z oknami ogrzewanymi elektrycznie: pilotażowe badanie w celu zwiększenia efektywności energetycznej budynków (Integrating photovoltaics with electrically heated windows: a pilot investigation for enhanced building energy efficiency) -Principal investigator: Dr. Hanna Koshlak - Institution: Kielce University of Technology, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Geodesy, and Renewable Energy, Kielce, Poland This open-access dataset contains raw and processed high-temporal-resolution experimental time-series logs supporting the research paper presented at the \"CONECT conference: \"Autonomous PV-Powered Smart Windows: Active Glass Heating in NZEB Applications\" Available at: https://ect-journals.rtu.lv/conect/article/view/CONECT.2026.001 The dataset package consists of the following data files: 1) climatic_chamber_high_res_timeseries.csv - Resolution: Minute-by-minute logs (720 records) - Scope: Laboratory test cycles inside a dual-zone climatic chamber replicating baseline scenarios (T_ext = 0 °C and T_ext = -25 °C) across both passive and active states (25 W thermal barrier active load). 2) insitu_field_high_res_timeseries.csv - Resolution: Hourly intervals (2160 records) - Scope: Environmental and electrical time-series parameters capturing real-world operational profiles across January, February, and March 2026. DATA DICTIONARY & INSTRUMENTATION SPECIFICATIONS1. Heat Flux Monitoring: 9x Hukseflux FHF05 thin-film sensors (heat flux sensors installed directly adjacent to the polyimide foil on Surface 5 connected to LI19 high-precision recorders.2. Gap 1 Temperature: 9x K-type thermocouples (Pico Technology) placed in 3x3 grid.3. Surface Temperatures: 3x Omega SA3-K (Surface 2) and 1x Omega SA3-K (Surface 6).4. Interior Gap 2: 1x K-type thermocouple (Pico Technology).5. Data Logging System: Lutron TM-947SD and Hukseflux LI19 (1-minute stabilization logs).6. HF11: total net energy exchange (W/m²) logged via a room-facing Hukseflux sensor on Surface 6.6. Solar irradiation: real-world solar power density (W/m²) incident on the south-eastern testing facade.7. PV Power Yield, W: instantaneous electrical power output (W) generated by the active glazing integrated photovoltaic framework.8. Battery state of charge: monitored capacity status (%) of the 60 Ah LiFePO4 battery storage buffer.9 Thermal barrier load, W: power consumption (W) allocated to the active window heating structure.","author":[{"family":"Koshlak","given":"Hanna"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21106541","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21106541","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21106542","type":"article-journal","title":"Dataset for \"Autonomous PV-Powered Smart Windows: Active Glass Heating in NZEB Applications\"","abstract":"Dataset for \"Autonomous PV-Powered Smart Windows: Active Glass Heating in NZEB Applications\" PROJECT INFORMATION - Granting Agency: National Science Centre (NCN), Poland - Grant Scheme: MINIATURA 9 - Grant Number: DEC-2025/09/X/ST8/00339 - Project Title: Integracja fotowoltaiki z oknami ogrzewanymi elektrycznie: pilotażowe badanie w celu zwiększenia efektywności energetycznej budynków (Integrating photovoltaics with electrically heated windows: a pilot investigation for enhanced building energy efficiency) -Principal investigator: Dr. Hanna Koshlak - Institution: Kielce University of Technology, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Geodesy, and Renewable Energy, Kielce, Poland This open-access dataset contains raw and processed high-temporal-resolution experimental time-series logs supporting the research paper presented at the \"CONECT conference: \"Autonomous PV-Powered Smart Windows: Active Glass Heating in NZEB Applications\" Available at: https://ect-journals.rtu.lv/conect/article/view/CONECT.2026.001 The dataset package consists of the following data files: 1) climatic_chamber_high_res_timeseries.csv - Resolution: Minute-by-minute logs (720 records) - Scope: Laboratory test cycles inside a dual-zone climatic chamber replicating baseline scenarios (T_ext = 0 °C and T_ext = -25 °C) across both passive and active states (25 W thermal barrier active load). 2) insitu_field_high_res_timeseries.csv - Resolution: Hourly intervals (2160 records) - Scope: Environmental and electrical time-series parameters capturing real-world operational profiles across January, February, and March 2026. DATA DICTIONARY & INSTRUMENTATION SPECIFICATIONS1. Heat Flux Monitoring: 9x Hukseflux FHF05 thin-film sensors (heat flux sensors installed directly adjacent to the polyimide foil on Surface 5 connected to LI19 high-precision recorders.2. Gap 1 Temperature: 9x K-type thermocouples (Pico Technology) placed in 3x3 grid.3. Surface Temperatures: 3x Omega SA3-K (Surface 2) and 1x Omega SA3-K (Surface 6).4. Interior Gap 2: 1x K-type thermocouple (Pico Technology).5. Data Logging System: Lutron TM-947SD and Hukseflux LI19 (1-minute stabilization logs).6. HF11: total net energy exchange (W/m²) logged via a room-facing Hukseflux sensor on Surface 6.6. Solar irradiation: real-world solar power density (W/m²) incident on the south-eastern testing facade.7. PV Power Yield, W: instantaneous electrical power output (W) generated by the active glazing integrated photovoltaic framework.8. Battery state of charge: monitored capacity status (%) of the 60 Ah LiFePO4 battery storage buffer.9 Thermal barrier load, W: power consumption (W) allocated to the active window heating structure.","author":[{"family":"Koshlak","given":"Hanna"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21106542","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21106542","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.18593679","type":"article-journal","title":"Mopo: Pan-European Dataset for Energy System Planning","abstract":"Pan-European Dataset for Energy System Planning in Spine Tools This dataset contains information about the following sectors in Europe: Variable Renewable Energy Hydro, reservoirs, run-of-river and pumped-hydro storage Biomass Energy conversion and storage Electricity transmission (cross-border) Methane and hydrogen Cargo transport, biomass, hydrocarbon liquids and methanol Industry, chemicals, glass, fertilisers, refineries, wood, food, paper, non-ferrous metals, non-ceramic minerals, ceramics, machinery, transport equipment, textile, aluminium, cement and steel Buildings, non-residential and residential, heating and cooling Transport, road, rail, aviation and shipping Residual electricity demand The dataset must be opened through SpineToolbox (from v0.10.5, spine-tools/Spine-Toolbox: Spine Toolbox is an open source Python package to manage data, scenarios and workflows for modelling and simulation. You can have your local workflow, but work as a team through version control and SQL databases.). The main folder contains and configurable file (userconfig.yml) to develop the target model. The target model is formatted through an interoperable energy system specification (INES, ines-tools/ines-spec: Interoperable energy system data specification). This dataset includes data of EU27 plus UK, CH and NO. Key details: Sectoral spatial resolution Possibility to run your model for 5 weather years: 1995, 2008, 2009, 2012, and 2015. More than 40 years of climate data for residual electricity demand, VRE, and hydro. 2025 as baseline 3 planning years available: 2030, 2040 and 2050 Bronwfield scenario Learn more about this framework: Data content - Data Description | Pan-European Energy Planning Use this dataset - Getting Started | Pan-European Energy Planning Setup your mode - Set Up Your Framework | Pan-European Energy Planning Change logs: v0.5 Interconnection nodes are modeled as storages with cyclic condition Emissions are fixed. Balance implemented based on the fossil fuel used and CO2 stored in underground storage. v0.4 Update gas pipeline entities Nuclear lifetime to 80 years Commodity DB update Emission node and captured CO2 node creation in INES builder. Update in carbon budget for 2030, 2040 and 2050 Default resolution for Industry DB, country level. NUTS3 is available for EU27 and not for CH, UK and NO (only country level). As those 30 countries are the scope of this dataset, then country-level resolution v0.3 Fix ines builder Fix hydro and industry pipeline New feature of units New feature cross-border exchange, modeling neighbors in one-country models v0.2 New data, hydro, industry and energy conversion Fix hydro, industry and energy conversion pipeline","author":[{"family":"Dac","given":"Epri"},{"family":"Porras Cabrera","given":"Álvaro"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.18593679","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18593679","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19659918","type":"article-journal","title":"Mopo: Pan-European Dataset for Energy System Planning","abstract":"Pan-European Dataset for Energy System Planning in Spine Tools This dataset contains information about the following sectors in Europe: Variable Renewable Energy Hydro, reservoirs, run-of-river and pumped-hydro storage Biomass Energy conversion and storage Electricity transmission (cross-border) Methane and hydrogen Cargo transport, biomass, hydrocarbon liquids and methanol Industry, chemicals, glass, fertilisers, refineries, wood, food, paper, non-ferrous metals, non-ceramic minerals, ceramics, machinery, transport equipment, textile, aluminium, cement and steel Buildings, non-residential and residential, heating and cooling Transport, road, rail, aviation and shipping Residual electricity demand The dataset must be opened through SpineToolbox (from v0.10.5, spine-tools/Spine-Toolbox: Spine Toolbox is an open source Python package to manage data, scenarios and workflows for modelling and simulation. You can have your local workflow, but work as a team through version control and SQL databases.). The main folder contains and configurable file (userconfig.yml) to develop the target model. The target model is formatted through an interoperable energy system specification (INES, ines-tools/ines-spec: Interoperable energy system data specification). This dataset includes data of EU27 plus UK, CH and NO. Key details: Sectoral spatial resolution Possibility to run your model for 5 weather years: 1995, 2008, 2009, 2012, and 2015. More than 40 years of climate data for residual electricity demand, VRE, and hydro. 2025 as baseline 3 planning years available: 2030, 2040 and 2050 Bronwfield scenario Learn more about this framework: Data content - Data Description | Pan-European Energy Planning Use this dataset - Getting Started | Pan-European Energy Planning Setup your mode - Set Up Your Framework | Pan-European Energy Planning Change logs: v0.4 Update gas pipeline entities Nuclear lifetime to 80 years Commodity DB update Emission node and captured CO2 node creation in INES builder. Update in carbon budget for 2030, 2040 and 2050 Default resolution for Industry DB, country level. NUTS3 is available for EU27 and not for CH, UK and NO (only country level). As those 30 countries are the scope of this dataset, then country-level resolution v0.3 Fix ines builder Fix hydro and industry pipeline New feature of units New feature cross-border exchange, modeling neighbors in one-country models v0.2 New data, hydro, industry and energy conversion Fix hydro, industry and energy conversion pipeline","author":[{"family":"Dac","given":"Epri"},{"family":"Porras Cabrera","given":"Álvaro"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19659918","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19659918","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19712399","type":"article-journal","title":"VISUALIZATION OF ENERGY WITH ZERO CARBON FOOTPRINT USING VOSVIEWER","abstract":"This study examines the structure and development of zero-carbon energy research through bibliometric analysis and scientific visualization. A dataset of 19,450 publications from the Web of Science (2020–2025) was analyzed using VOSviewer to construct keyword co-occurrence networks, thematic clusters, and research linkages. The results identify key research areas, including renewable energy, energy transition, energy efficiency, decarbonization, sustainability, and carbon footprint reduction. The findings reveal a highly interdisciplinary field, combining insights from engineering, environmental science, economics, and data analytics. Network visualization highlights the relationships among major themes and uncovers emerging trends, particularly the growing role of digital technologies such as artificial intelligence and machine learning in optimizing energy systems. The study also identifies knowledge gaps and evolving research directions that are critical for future investigation. This research provides a clear and systematic mapping of the zero-carbon energy domain, offering valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders working to accelerate the transition toward sustainable and carbon-neutral energy systems.","author":[{"family":"Salikhovna","given":"Gelmanova"},{"family":"Walid","given":"Fayez"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19712399","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19712399","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19712400","type":"article-journal","title":"VISUALIZATION OF ENERGY WITH ZERO CARBON FOOTPRINT USING VOSVIEWER","abstract":"This study examines the structure and development of zero-carbon energy research through bibliometric analysis and scientific visualization. A dataset of 19,450 publications from the Web of Science (2020–2025) was analyzed using VOSviewer to construct keyword co-occurrence networks, thematic clusters, and research linkages. The results identify key research areas, including renewable energy, energy transition, energy efficiency, decarbonization, sustainability, and carbon footprint reduction. The findings reveal a highly interdisciplinary field, combining insights from engineering, environmental science, economics, and data analytics. Network visualization highlights the relationships among major themes and uncovers emerging trends, particularly the growing role of digital technologies such as artificial intelligence and machine learning in optimizing energy systems. The study also identifies knowledge gaps and evolving research directions that are critical for future investigation. This research provides a clear and systematic mapping of the zero-carbon energy domain, offering valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders working to accelerate the transition toward sustainable and carbon-neutral energy systems.","author":[{"family":"Salikhovna","given":"Gelmanova"},{"family":"Walid","given":"Fayez"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19712400","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19712400","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20322926","type":"article-journal","title":"Measuring the Impact of the Global Transition to Renewable Energy on Global Energy Markets: An Econometric Study Using GMM System Panel Data Models","abstract":"Abstract: The research aims to measurement effect transformation global about energyRenewed on markets Energy in group from Countries ( Spain, Sweden, Brazil, Australia, (andthe Netherlands ) during The period 2015–2024 , Using model The determination The turbanSystem GMM for data The tablet . It aims Search to analysis relationship Dynamics betweenmore Accreditation on sources Energy Renewed And between Indicators performance marketsEnergy, Including performance markets Energy, share Energy Renewable, emissions Carbon,the product Local Total, and prices oil Global. Launching Search from hypothesis thatTransformation about Energy Renewed no Affects only In a way direct on structure the offerand the request in markets Energy, but rather It extends Its impact via Channels dynamism Itincludes Effects Time Late and connections Interior between The variables appear . importanceUse model System GMM in to treat Problems Bias internal, And not homogeneity not Theobserved, and presence Variables Late The dependent . It indicates Results Expected to thatmore a class Energy Renewed In the research sample, it contributes in reformation marketsEnergy about More from Stability on range The tall one, with presence contrast in size Theimpact between countries studied According to level Evolution Economic And the structureInfrastructure For energy . And it offers Search input Applied in to understand TransformationThe energy Global and its repercussions Economic.","author":[{"family":"Dily","given":"Shatha"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20322926","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20322926","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20322927","type":"article-journal","title":"Measuring the Impact of the Global Transition to Renewable Energy on Global Energy Markets: An Econometric Study Using GMM System Panel Data Models","abstract":"Abstract: The research aims to measurement effect transformation global about energyRenewed on markets Energy in group from Countries ( Spain, Sweden, Brazil, Australia, (andthe Netherlands ) during The period 2015–2024 , Using model The determination The turbanSystem GMM for data The tablet . It aims Search to analysis relationship Dynamics betweenmore Accreditation on sources Energy Renewed And between Indicators performance marketsEnergy, Including performance markets Energy, share Energy Renewable, emissions Carbon,the product Local Total, and prices oil Global. Launching Search from hypothesis thatTransformation about Energy Renewed no Affects only In a way direct on structure the offerand the request in markets Energy, but rather It extends Its impact via Channels dynamism Itincludes Effects Time Late and connections Interior between The variables appear . importanceUse model System GMM in to treat Problems Bias internal, And not homogeneity not Theobserved, and presence Variables Late The dependent . It indicates Results Expected to thatmore a class Energy Renewed In the research sample, it contributes in reformation marketsEnergy about More from Stability on range The tall one, with presence contrast in size Theimpact between countries studied According to level Evolution Economic And the structureInfrastructure For energy . And it offers Search input Applied in to understand TransformationThe energy Global and its repercussions Economic.","author":[{"family":"Dily","given":"Shatha"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20322927","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20322927","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20294111","type":"article-journal","title":"INTEGRATING GREEN ECONOMY AND FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGIES TO ADVANCE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY","abstract":"This study provides a comprehensive examination of how the green economy, financial technologies (FinTech), and governance collectively influence environmental sustainability in the United States over the period 1990–2024. Using descriptive indicators, cointegration methods, error-correction modeling, and quantile vector autoregression (QVAR), complemented by heatmap-based diagnostic analysis, the research captures both long-run equilibrium relationships and short-run adjustment mechanisms. Environmental sustainability is evaluated through the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) in conjunction with greenhouse gas emissions indicators. The results indicate that the expansion of renewable energy, forest preservation, and green-adjusted GDP significantly reduce emissions levels. At the same time, advances in financial technologies (FinTech)—such as digital payment platforms and peer-to-peer lending—broaden access to green finance and improve the efficiency of capital allocation. In contrast, digital currencies exhibit mixed environmental impacts, primarily due to their high energy consumption. Heatmap-based evidence reveals strong transmission channels, where shocks to green-economy or FinTech variables are rapidly reflected in environmental indicators, highlighting substantial structural interdependence. Moreover, governance quality plays a critical moderating role by enhancing policy alignment and strengthening adaptive resilience. Overall, the findings emphasize the need for strong institutional frameworks, well-designed green-finance incentives, and effective regulatory measures to address the environmental externalities associated with energy-intensive digital technologies.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20294111","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20294111","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20294112","type":"article-journal","title":"INTEGRATING GREEN ECONOMY AND FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGIES TO ADVANCE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY","abstract":"This study provides a comprehensive examination of how the green economy, financial technologies (FinTech), and governance collectively influence environmental sustainability in the United States over the period 1990–2024. Using descriptive indicators, cointegration methods, error-correction modeling, and quantile vector autoregression (QVAR), complemented by heatmap-based diagnostic analysis, the research captures both long-run equilibrium relationships and short-run adjustment mechanisms. Environmental sustainability is evaluated through the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) in conjunction with greenhouse gas emissions indicators. The results indicate that the expansion of renewable energy, forest preservation, and green-adjusted GDP significantly reduce emissions levels. At the same time, advances in financial technologies (FinTech)—such as digital payment platforms and peer-to-peer lending—broaden access to green finance and improve the efficiency of capital allocation. In contrast, digital currencies exhibit mixed environmental impacts, primarily due to their high energy consumption. Heatmap-based evidence reveals strong transmission channels, where shocks to green-economy or FinTech variables are rapidly reflected in environmental indicators, highlighting substantial structural interdependence. Moreover, governance quality plays a critical moderating role by enhancing policy alignment and strengthening adaptive resilience. Overall, the findings emphasize the need for strong institutional frameworks, well-designed green-finance incentives, and effective regulatory measures to address the environmental externalities associated with energy-intensive digital technologies.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20294112","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20294112","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19331662","type":"article-journal","title":"USING DATA ANALYTICS TO DRIVE ENERGY OPTIMIZATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA","abstract":"This study examined the dynamic relationship between energy consumption and sustainable development in Nigeria. Utilizing annual data from 1990 to 2024, the analysis applied structural equation modelling of the form of Seemingly Unrelated Regression model and other econometric framework involving ARDL bounds testing, ADF unit root test, and Toda Yamamoto Granger causality to explore short- and long - run interdependencies. The findings revealed that a 1% increase in total energy consumption and renewable energy usage enhances electricity access by 26% and 0.26%, respectively. However, infrastructure inefficiencies – such as transmission losses and supply instability reduce access by 3.73%, exposing critical systemic weaknesses. Cointegration tests confirmed the existence of a long run equilibrium between energy variables and sustainable development, while causality results identified economic growth as a key driver of energy demand. The study underscores the need for urgent policy interventions to modernize grid infrastructure, expand renewable energy capacity, and strengthen regulatory enforcement","author":[{"family":"Nnamani","given":"Ifeoma"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19331662","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19331662","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19913132","type":"article-journal","title":"USING DATA ANALYTICS TO DRIVE ENERGY OPTIMIZATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA","abstract":"This study examined the dynamic relationship between energy consumption and sustainable development in Nigeria. Utilizing annual data from 1990 to 2024, the analysis applied structural equation modelling of the form of Seemingly Unrelated Regression model and other econometric framework involving ARDL bounds testing, ADF unit root test, and Toda Yamamoto Granger causality to explore short- and long - run interdependencies. The findings revealed that a 1% increase in total energy consumption and renewable energy usage enhances electricity access by 26% and 0.26%, respectively. However, infrastructure inefficiencies – such as transmission losses and supply instability reduce access by 3.73%, exposing critical systemic weaknesses. Cointegration tests confirmed the existence of a long run equilibrium between energy variables and sustainable development, while causality results identified economic growth as a key driver of energy demand. The study underscores the need for urgent policy interventions to modernize grid infrastructure, expand renewable energy capacity, and strengthen regulatory enforcement","author":[{"family":"Nnamani","given":"Ifeoma"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19913132","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19913132","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21100452","type":"article-journal","title":"Building Viksit Bharat through Urban Innovation: Evidence from  Bengaluru's Smart Governance, Startup Ecosystem and Sustainable  Development","abstract":"Abstract Urban innovation has become a critical determinant of economic competitiveness, sustainable development, and governance efficiency in rapidly urbanizing economies. As India advances towards the vision of Viksit Bharat @2047, metropolitan cities are expected to serve as engines of innovation, productivity, and inclusive growth. Bengaluru, widely recognised as India's technology and innovation capital, provides an ideal case for examining how urban innovation contributes to national development through digital governance, entrepreneurial ecosystems, and sustainable urban planning. This study analyses Bengaluru's urban innovation ecosystem by integrating evidence from government reports, policy documents, international databases, and contemporary academic literature. Using a qualitative case study approach supported by secondary data, the paper evaluates five interrelated dimensions: innovation infrastructure, digital governance, startup development, environmental sustainability, and institutional challenges. The findings indicate that Bengaluru's success is driven by strong university–industry–government collaboration, an advanced startup ecosystem, expanding digital public infrastructure, and increasing adoption of smart city initiatives. The city hosts the largest concentration of technology startups and Global Capability Centres in India, while digital governance initiatives have enhanced administrative efficiency and citizen service delivery. However, persistent challenges such as traffic congestion, water scarcity, governance fragmentation, environmental degradation, housing affordability, and digital inequality continue to constrain sustainable urban transformation. The study argues that technological innovation alone is insufficient to achieve the objectives of Viksit Bharat; rather, innovation must be complemented by integrated governance, climate resilience, inclusive infrastructure, and citizen participation. The Bengaluru experience demonstrates that metropolitan innovation ecosystems can become strategic drivers of national competitiveness when supported by coherent public policy, institutional coordination, and sustainable urban planning. The paper concludes with policy recommendations that may assist policymakers in replicating Bengaluru's innovation model across other Indian cities while adapting it to local socio economic contexts. Keywords: Urban Innovation; Viksit Bharat; Bengaluru; Smart Cities; Digital Governance; Startup Ecosystem; Sustainable Urban Development; Innovation Policy 1. Introduction The twenty-first century has witnessed an unprecedented transformation in the role of cities as engines of economic growth, technological innovation, and sustainable development. Rapid urbanization has shifted the global focus toward cities as centres of knowledge creation, entrepreneurship, investment, and governance. According to the United Nations, more than half of the world's population currently resides in urban areas, and this share is expected to reach nearly 68 percent by 2050. Consequently, cities are increasingly recognized as catalysts of economic competitiveness, innovation, and social transformation. Modern urban development therefore extends beyond the provision of physical infrastructure and increasingly depends on the ability of cities to foster innovation ecosystems, adopt digital technologies, strengthen governance, and ensure environmental sustainability. In India, urbanization has emerged as both an opportunity and a developmental challenge. Urban centres contribute a significant share of the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), industrial production, employment, and foreign investment. At the same time, rapid urban expansion has intensified challenges related to traffic congestion, environmental degradation, housing shortages, water scarcity, waste management, and institutional complexity. Recognizing the strategic importance of cities in achieving long-term economic growth, the Gove","author":[{"family":"Harishkumarr","given":"Dr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21100452","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21100452","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21100453","type":"article-journal","title":"Building Viksit Bharat through Urban Innovation: Evidence from  Bengaluru's Smart Governance, Startup Ecosystem and Sustainable  Development","abstract":"Abstract Urban innovation has become a critical determinant of economic competitiveness, sustainable development, and governance efficiency in rapidly urbanizing economies. As India advances towards the vision of Viksit Bharat @2047, metropolitan cities are expected to serve as engines of innovation, productivity, and inclusive growth. Bengaluru, widely recognised as India's technology and innovation capital, provides an ideal case for examining how urban innovation contributes to national development through digital governance, entrepreneurial ecosystems, and sustainable urban planning. This study analyses Bengaluru's urban innovation ecosystem by integrating evidence from government reports, policy documents, international databases, and contemporary academic literature. Using a qualitative case study approach supported by secondary data, the paper evaluates five interrelated dimensions: innovation infrastructure, digital governance, startup development, environmental sustainability, and institutional challenges. The findings indicate that Bengaluru's success is driven by strong university–industry–government collaboration, an advanced startup ecosystem, expanding digital public infrastructure, and increasing adoption of smart city initiatives. The city hosts the largest concentration of technology startups and Global Capability Centres in India, while digital governance initiatives have enhanced administrative efficiency and citizen service delivery. However, persistent challenges such as traffic congestion, water scarcity, governance fragmentation, environmental degradation, housing affordability, and digital inequality continue to constrain sustainable urban transformation. The study argues that technological innovation alone is insufficient to achieve the objectives of Viksit Bharat; rather, innovation must be complemented by integrated governance, climate resilience, inclusive infrastructure, and citizen participation. The Bengaluru experience demonstrates that metropolitan innovation ecosystems can become strategic drivers of national competitiveness when supported by coherent public policy, institutional coordination, and sustainable urban planning. The paper concludes with policy recommendations that may assist policymakers in replicating Bengaluru's innovation model across other Indian cities while adapting it to local socio economic contexts. Keywords: Urban Innovation; Viksit Bharat; Bengaluru; Smart Cities; Digital Governance; Startup Ecosystem; Sustainable Urban Development; Innovation Policy 1. Introduction The twenty-first century has witnessed an unprecedented transformation in the role of cities as engines of economic growth, technological innovation, and sustainable development. Rapid urbanization has shifted the global focus toward cities as centres of knowledge creation, entrepreneurship, investment, and governance. According to the United Nations, more than half of the world's population currently resides in urban areas, and this share is expected to reach nearly 68 percent by 2050. Consequently, cities are increasingly recognized as catalysts of economic competitiveness, innovation, and social transformation. Modern urban development therefore extends beyond the provision of physical infrastructure and increasingly depends on the ability of cities to foster innovation ecosystems, adopt digital technologies, strengthen governance, and ensure environmental sustainability. In India, urbanization has emerged as both an opportunity and a developmental challenge. Urban centres contribute a significant share of the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), industrial production, employment, and foreign investment. At the same time, rapid urban expansion has intensified challenges related to traffic congestion, environmental degradation, housing shortages, water scarcity, waste management, and institutional complexity. Recognizing the strategic importance of cities in achieving long-term economic growth, the Gove","author":[{"family":"Harishkumarr","given":"Dr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21100453","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21100453","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21377847","type":"article-journal","title":"ASSESSING THE CONTRIBUTION OF GREEN INVESTMENT TO INDUSTRIAL DECARBONIZATION IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: THE RENEWABLE ENERGY PERSPECTIVE","abstract":"The largely untapped question of whether green investment can decarbonize industries in sub-Saharan Africa is the driving force behind this study, considering the region is increasingly emitting carbon emissions and is in dire need of development. The paper will analyze how green investment will affect the carbon emission of industries in 42 sub-Saharan African countries between the year 2001 and 2024. The results of the study using pooled mean group estimation, two-stage least squares, fully modified ordinary least squares, heterogeneous Driscoll-Kraay estimations, and Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality tests, all show that green investment, proxied by renewable energy investment, has a significant negative impact on industrial carbon emissions at the aggregate level. Green investment and emissions have a bidirectional causality, which is partially counterbalanced by carbon-intensive access to electricity. It is also important to note that green investment has counterintuitive emissions-increasing impacts in low-income countries, highlighting the significance of income-differentiated policy frameworks. Before ramping up investment programmes in lower-income economies, policymakers should prioritize the absorptive capacity building, through technology transfer, green industrial policy and workforce development. The growth of energy infrastructure should be based on clean energy transitions, and the regional coordination mechanisms should be used to harmonize the green finance standards. The institutional reform should be seen as a co-investment with climate finance in order to maximize decarbonization multipliers across income groups.","author":[{"family":"Epor","given":"Simon"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21377847","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21377847","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21377848","type":"article-journal","title":"ASSESSING THE CONTRIBUTION OF GREEN INVESTMENT TO INDUSTRIAL DECARBONIZATION IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: THE RENEWABLE ENERGY PERSPECTIVE","abstract":"The largely untapped question of whether green investment can decarbonize industries in sub-Saharan Africa is the driving force behind this study, considering the region is increasingly emitting carbon emissions and is in dire need of development. The paper will analyze how green investment will affect the carbon emission of industries in 42 sub-Saharan African countries between the year 2001 and 2024. The results of the study using pooled mean group estimation, two-stage least squares, fully modified ordinary least squares, heterogeneous Driscoll-Kraay estimations, and Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality tests, all show that green investment, proxied by renewable energy investment, has a significant negative impact on industrial carbon emissions at the aggregate level. Green investment and emissions have a bidirectional causality, which is partially counterbalanced by carbon-intensive access to electricity. It is also important to note that green investment has counterintuitive emissions-increasing impacts in low-income countries, highlighting the significance of income-differentiated policy frameworks. Before ramping up investment programmes in lower-income economies, policymakers should prioritize the absorptive capacity building, through technology transfer, green industrial policy and workforce development. The growth of energy infrastructure should be based on clean energy transitions, and the regional coordination mechanisms should be used to harmonize the green finance standards. The institutional reform should be seen as a co-investment with climate finance in order to maximize decarbonization multipliers across income groups.","author":[{"family":"Epor","given":"Simon"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21377848","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21377848","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21536211","type":"article-journal","title":"USING DATA ANALYTICS TO DRIVE ENERGY OPTIMIZATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA","abstract":"This study examined the dynamic relationship between energy consumption and sustainable development in Nigeria. Utilizing annual data from 1990 to 2024, the analysis applied structural equation modelling of the form of Seemingly Unrelated Regression model and other econometric framework involving ARDL bounds testing, ADF unit root test, and Toda Yamamoto Granger causality to explore short- and long - run interdependencies. The findings revealed that a 1% increase in total energy consumption and renewable energy usage enhances electricity access by 26% and 0.26%, respectively. However, infrastructure inefficiencies – such as transmission losses and supply instability reduce access by 3.73%, exposing critical systemic weaknesses. Cointegration tests confirmed the existence of a long run equilibrium between energy variables and sustainable development, while causality results identified economic growth as a key driver of energy demand. The study underscores the need for urgent policy interventions to modernize grid infrastructure, expand renewable energy capacity, and strengthen regulatory enforcement.","author":[{"family":"Nnamani","given":"Ifeoma"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21536211","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21536211","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21621750","type":"article-journal","title":"USING DATA ANALYTICS TO DRIVE ENERGY OPTIMIZATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA","abstract":"This study examined the dynamic relationship between energy consumption and sustainable development in Nigeria. Utilizing annual data from 1990 to 2024, the analysis applied structural equation modelling of the form of Seemingly Unrelated Regression model and other econometric framework involving ARDL bounds testing, ADF unit root test, and Toda Yamamoto Granger causality to explore short- and long - run interdependencies. The findings revealed that a 1% increase in total energy consumption and renewable energy usage enhances electricity access by 26% and 0.26%, respectively. However, infrastructure inefficiencies – such as transmission losses and supply instability reduce access by 3.73%, exposing critical systemic weaknesses. Cointegration tests confirmed the existence of a long run equilibrium between energy variables and sustainable development, while causality results identified economic growth as a key driver of energy demand. The study underscores the need for urgent policy interventions to modernize grid infrastructure, expand renewable energy capacity, and strengthen regulatory enforcement.","author":[{"family":"Nnamani","given":"Ifeoma"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21621750","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21621750","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.82514/rd-outputs-in-israel-international-comparison-of-scientific-publications-2024","type":"article-journal","title":"R&D Outputs in Israel: International Comparison of Scientific Publications | 2024","abstract":"In August 2024, three Israeli universities were once again ranked among the world's top 100 according to the Shanghai Ranking, underscoring Israel's strong global research standing. Against this backdrop, the report analyzes the state of Israeli research through a bibliometric review based on a wide range of data sources. The first two chapters map Israel's research outputs in two national priority areas for 2023 - FoodTech and Renewable Energy - including publication trends, citation impact, and the landscape of patents and startups. The third chapter examines Israeli publications produced within the Horizon 2020 program, focusing on research areas, citation performance, and international collaboration. The final chapter reviews recent global studies and emerging metrics relevant to Israel, including topics such as gender in academia, research assessment, citation dynamics, open access, and new bibliometric indicators. Overall, the report offers a concise and updated picture of Israel's scientific activity and highlights the importance of ongoing bibliometric monitoring for informed policy and strategic planning.","author":[{"family":"Barzani","given":"Ella"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.82514/rd-outputs-in-israel-international-comparison-of-scientific-publications-2024","URL":"https://doi.org/10.82514/rd-outputs-in-israel-international-comparison-of-scientific-publications-2024","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.7910/dvn/awz4ig","type":"article-journal","title":"Replication Data for: Segmented Leadership: Chinese and American Capital in South America's Renewable Energy Transition","abstract":"The rise of Chinese enterprises as technological competitors to established American firms represents a fundamental shift in global markets for strategic goods. This paper examines this competition through Chinese and American investments in South America's renewable energy sector. Using 194 projects across wind, solar, hydroelectric, and biofuel technologies (2006-2024), we develop a framework for comparing investment patterns across technological segments, geographic markets, and value-chain positions. Our analysis reveals segmented leadership: complementary specialization across distinct niches rather than direct displacement. Chinese enterprises dominate capital-intensive technologies such as hydropower and wind energy, leveraging state-coordinated financing and high risk tolerance. American firms lead in specialized segments such as biodiesel and advanced solar, emphasizing innovation and market-based approaches. Geographically, China operates across a broader footprint, investing in ten countries and deploying more than twice the US investment volume, while American firms concentrate in fewer markets where they retain leadership in innovation-driven niches. Market entry is sequential, and grid functions complementary. This segmentation created parallel technological ecosystems rather than zero-sum competition, generating investment additionality for recipient countries: expanded access to financing and technologies that neither power would have provided on its own, though geopolitical tensions may alter these dynamics.","author":[{"family":"Urdinez","given":"Francisco"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.7910/dvn/awz4ig","URL":"https://doi.org/10.7910/dvn/awz4ig","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21990839","type":"article-journal","title":"RENEWABLE ENERGY, INSTITUTIONS, AND CARBON EMISSIONS:  EVIDENCE FROM SOUTHEAST ASIAN DEVELOPING ECONOMIES","abstract":"This study examines the long-run effects of renewable energy consumption, government effectiveness, economic growth, and trade openness on carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in five developing economies-Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Timor-Leste, and Brunei-over the period 1995-2024. Using FMOLS and Canonical Cointegrating Regression (CCR) estimators, the analysis accounts for endogeneity and serial correlation in cointegrated panel data. The results show that renewable energy consumption significantly reduces CO₂ emissions, with a 1% increase in renewable energy leading to more than a 2% decline in emissions across both estimators. Trade openness also exerts a significant negative effect on emissions, supporting the pollution halo hypothesis. In contrast, economic growth significantly increases CO₂ emissions, indicating a dominant scale effect in the selected economies. Government effectiveness is positively associated with emissions, suggesting that institutional improvements have not yet translated into effective environmental regulation. The consistency of FMOLS and CCR results confirms the robustness of the findings. These results highlight the importance of accelerating renewable energy adoption and aligning institutional reforms with environmental objectives to achieve sustainable development in developing economies.","author":[{"family":"Kizi","given":"Artikova"},{"family":"Sultanboevich","given":"Artikov"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21990839","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21990839","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21990838","type":"article-journal","title":"RENEWABLE ENERGY, INSTITUTIONS, AND CARBON EMISSIONS:  EVIDENCE FROM SOUTHEAST ASIAN DEVELOPING ECONOMIES","abstract":"This study examines the long-run effects of renewable energy consumption, government effectiveness, economic growth, and trade openness on carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in five developing economies-Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Timor-Leste, and Brunei-over the period 1995-2024. Using FMOLS and Canonical Cointegrating Regression (CCR) estimators, the analysis accounts for endogeneity and serial correlation in cointegrated panel data. The results show that renewable energy consumption significantly reduces CO₂ emissions, with a 1% increase in renewable energy leading to more than a 2% decline in emissions across both estimators. Trade openness also exerts a significant negative effect on emissions, supporting the pollution halo hypothesis. In contrast, economic growth significantly increases CO₂ emissions, indicating a dominant scale effect in the selected economies. Government effectiveness is positively associated with emissions, suggesting that institutional improvements have not yet translated into effective environmental regulation. The consistency of FMOLS and CCR results confirms the robustness of the findings. These results highlight the importance of accelerating renewable energy adoption and aligning institutional reforms with environmental objectives to achieve sustainable development in developing economies.","author":[{"family":"Kizi","given":"Artikova"},{"family":"Sultanboevich","given":"Artikov"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21990838","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21990838","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21596593","type":"article-journal","title":"Decarbonizing Corporate India: Carbon Footprint Reduction Strategies in Manufacturing and Information Technology Sectors","abstract":"Abstract India has committed to reaching net-zero emissions by 2070, making corporate carbon footprint reduction a national priority. This study examines the strategies adopted by Indian manufacturing and information technology (IT) companies to lower Scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions. Manufacturing firms focus on energy efficiency, renewable energy adoption, process optimization, and circular economy practices, while IT companies emphasize green data centers, renewable-powered campuses, remote work models, and Scope 3 supplier engagement. Drawing on secondary data from BRSR reports, CDP disclosures, NITI Aayog, and company sustainability reports (2024–2026), the analysis reveals that leading firms such as Tata Steel, Mahindra & Mahindra, TCS, and Infosys have achieved 20–45% emission intensity reductions through science-based targets and RE100 commitments. However, challenges including high capital costs, supply-chain complexities, and limited green finance persist. The findings underscore that integrated strategies combining technology, policy incentives, and stakeholder collaboration are essential for scalable decarbonization. The paper recommends stronger carbon pricing mechanisms, mandatory Scope 3 disclosure, and green finance incentives to accelerate India’s industrial transition toward net zero.","author":[{"family":"Helwar","given":"Sagar"},{"family":"Ukali","given":"Prachi"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21596593","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21596593","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21596594","type":"article-journal","title":"Decarbonizing Corporate India: Carbon Footprint Reduction Strategies in Manufacturing and Information Technology Sectors","abstract":"Abstract India has committed to reaching net-zero emissions by 2070, making corporate carbon footprint reduction a national priority. This study examines the strategies adopted by Indian manufacturing and information technology (IT) companies to lower Scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions. Manufacturing firms focus on energy efficiency, renewable energy adoption, process optimization, and circular economy practices, while IT companies emphasize green data centers, renewable-powered campuses, remote work models, and Scope 3 supplier engagement. Drawing on secondary data from BRSR reports, CDP disclosures, NITI Aayog, and company sustainability reports (2024–2026), the analysis reveals that leading firms such as Tata Steel, Mahindra & Mahindra, TCS, and Infosys have achieved 20–45% emission intensity reductions through science-based targets and RE100 commitments. However, challenges including high capital costs, supply-chain complexities, and limited green finance persist. The findings underscore that integrated strategies combining technology, policy incentives, and stakeholder collaboration are essential for scalable decarbonization. The paper recommends stronger carbon pricing mechanisms, mandatory Scope 3 disclosure, and green finance incentives to accelerate India’s industrial transition toward net zero.","author":[{"family":"Helwar","given":"Sagar"},{"family":"Ukali","given":"Prachi"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21596594","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21596594","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21779169","type":"article-journal","title":"Comparative GHG Emissions, Energy Transition, and Economic Indicators Dataset: EU, Germany, Poland, Turkey, and Ukraine, 1990-2024","abstract":"This dataset provides harmonized economic, greenhouse gas emissions, and energy-transition indicators for the European Union, Germany, Poland, Turkey, and Ukraine. Its overall temporal coverage is 1990-2024, although the availability of individual indicators varies by country, indicator, and year. The dataset was compiled to support comparative descriptive analysis of GDP-GHG decoupling, primary energy consumption, energy and carbon intensity, renewable energy development, fossil-fuel dependence, and short-term changes in energy consumption. It contains the source data and authors’ calculations used to prepare figures for the associated research article and its appendices. The package includes original indicator values, indexed values, percentage indicators, source references, and methodological notes required to reproduce and verify the figures. Depending on the indicator, data are presented in original source units, as percentages, or as indices calculated relative to a specified base year. The dataset can be used for figure replication, cross-country comparison, exploratory analysis, teaching, and reuse in FAIR data workflows. It is intended for descriptive comparison and visualization and should not be interpreted as a direct measure of climate-policy effectiveness or as evidence of causal relationships. Additional methodological validation is required before using the data for country-specific policy assessment, regulatory reporting, or causal analysis. The data package is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence (CC BY 4.0). Users should cite both this dataset and the underlying data sources when reusing the materials.","author":[{"family":"Matukhno","given":"Olena"},{"family":"Schäfer-Bung","given":"Boris"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21779169","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21779169","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21779170","type":"article-journal","title":"Comparative GHG Emissions, Energy Transition, and Economic Indicators Dataset: EU, Germany, Poland, Turkey, and Ukraine, 1990-2024","abstract":"This dataset provides harmonized economic, greenhouse gas emissions, and energy-transition indicators for the European Union, Germany, Poland, Turkey, and Ukraine. Its overall temporal coverage is 1990-2024, although the availability of individual indicators varies by country, indicator, and year. The dataset was compiled to support comparative descriptive analysis of GDP-GHG decoupling, primary energy consumption, energy and carbon intensity, renewable energy development, fossil-fuel dependence, and short-term changes in energy consumption. It contains the source data and authors’ calculations used to prepare figures for the associated research article and its appendices. The package includes original indicator values, indexed values, percentage indicators, source references, and methodological notes required to reproduce and verify the figures. Depending on the indicator, data are presented in original source units, as percentages, or as indices calculated relative to a specified base year. The dataset can be used for figure replication, cross-country comparison, exploratory analysis, teaching, and reuse in FAIR data workflows. It is intended for descriptive comparison and visualization and should not be interpreted as a direct measure of climate-policy effectiveness or as evidence of causal relationships. Additional methodological validation is required before using the data for country-specific policy assessment, regulatory reporting, or causal analysis. The data package is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence (CC BY 4.0). Users should cite both this dataset and the underlying data sources when reusing the materials.","author":[{"family":"Matukhno","given":"Olena"},{"family":"Schäfer-Bung","given":"Boris"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21779170","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21779170","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20624505","type":"article-journal","title":"RENEWABLE ENERGY IN CENTRAL ASIA: ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE, AND POLICY PATHWAYS","abstract":"Central Asia possesses one of the world's most underutilized renewable energy endowments: an estimated 5,470 GW of solar potential and 370 GW of wind capacity (OSCE, 2022). Despite a 26.6% expansion of installed renewable capacity to 17.3 GW in 2023 (IRENA, 2024), the region still generates most of its electricity from coal and gas. This paper argues that accelerating the green energy transition is not merely an environmental imperative but a measurable economic opportunity — attracting FDI, diversifying export revenues, creating employment, and reducing fossil fuel subsidies. Drawing on recent data from Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, where investment commitments exceed USD 35 billion, the paper offers a comparative analysis, identifies structural barriers, and proposes five evidence-based policy recommendations.","author":[{"family":"Abdulkhamidov","given":"Dilmurod"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20624505","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20624505","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20624506","type":"article-journal","title":"RENEWABLE ENERGY IN CENTRAL ASIA: ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE, AND POLICY PATHWAYS","abstract":"Central Asia possesses one of the world's most underutilized renewable energy endowments: an estimated 5,470 GW of solar potential and 370 GW of wind capacity (OSCE, 2022). Despite a 26.6% expansion of installed renewable capacity to 17.3 GW in 2023 (IRENA, 2024), the region still generates most of its electricity from coal and gas. This paper argues that accelerating the green energy transition is not merely an environmental imperative but a measurable economic opportunity — attracting FDI, diversifying export revenues, creating employment, and reducing fossil fuel subsidies. Drawing on recent data from Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, where investment commitments exceed USD 35 billion, the paper offers a comparative analysis, identifies structural barriers, and proposes five evidence-based policy recommendations.","author":[{"family":"Abdulkhamidov","given":"Dilmurod"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20624506","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20624506","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21965040","type":"article-journal","title":"MSMEs and Sustainable Industrial Development in Karnataka: A Study of the Karnataka Industrial Policy 2025-30","abstract":"Abstract Karnataka has placed significant emphasis on the development of the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector as a key driver of economic growth, balanced regional development, and employment generation. MSMEs play a vital role in the state's industrial economy by fostering entrepreneurship, generating employment, promoting innovation, and supporting large industries through strong industrial linkages. Recognizing their importance, the Karnataka Industrial Policy 2025 introduces a range of programmes, incentives, and concessions to enhance the competitiveness, productivity, and sustainability of MSMEs. The policy focuses on investment promotion, technological up-gradation, skill development, innovation, and balanced industrial growth across the state. This study examines the role of MSMEs in promoting sustainable industrial development in Karnataka, with particular emphasis on the strategies and incentives provided under the Karnataka Industrial Policy 2025. It evaluates the growth trends and contributions of MSMEs and highlights their significance in strengthening industrial competitiveness, fostering inclusive development, and achieving sustainable economic growth. As per result, the Pearson correlation coefficient (r = 0.984) reveals a very strong positive relationship between MSME units and employment generation. This means that as the number of MSME units increases, employment generation also increases significantly. The correlation coefficient is very close to +1, indicating an almost perfect positive linear association between the two variables. The significance value (p=0.000) is less than the conventional significance level of 0.01 (1%), indicating that the observed correlation is highly statistically significant. Therefore, the probability that this relationship occurred by chance is extremely low. Keywords: Performance, MSMEs, Industrial Sustainable Development, Growth, Strategies, and Incentives. 1.Introduction Karnataka is widely recognized as a favorable destination for industrial development. The MSMEs play a vital role in Karnataka’s economy by generating employment, contributing to GSDP, promoting industrial diversification, promoting entrepreneurship, driving innovation and technology adoption, supporting regional and social inclusivity, supporting balanced regional development and sustaining traditional and rural industries. Their potential for advancing industrial sustainability is further enhanced under the strategies and incentives outlined in Karnataka’s Industrial Policy 2025.The major industrial sectors include food processing, engineering, readymade garments, foundries, automobiles, chemical manufacturing, and handicrafts. In addition to these modern industries, Karnataka is home to traditional and lineage industries, such as handicrafts, khadi, and other rural-based small-scale enterprises, reflecting the state’s diverse and historically rooted industrial ecosystem. The sector contributes significantly to manufacturing, services, exports, and innovation while providing large-scale employment opportunities with relatively low capital investment. As one of India's leading industrial states, Karnataka has created a favourable business environment through strong infrastructure, skilled human resources, and progressive industrial policies that encourage the growth of MSMEs. In recent years, sustainable industrial development has emerged as a major policy objective, emphasizing economic growth along with environmental protection, resource efficiency, and social inclusion. To achieve these objectives, the Government of Karnataka introduced the Karnataka Industrial Policy 2025–30, which aims to promote sustainable and inclusive industrialization by encouraging green manufacturing, technology adoption, investment promotion, skill development, and balanced regional growth. The policy provides several incentives for MSMEs, including financial assistance, infrastructure support, technology upgr","author":[{"family":"Drglohith"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21965040","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21965040","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21965039","type":"article-journal","title":"MSMEs and Sustainable Industrial Development in Karnataka: A Study of the Karnataka Industrial Policy 2025-30","abstract":"Abstract Karnataka has placed significant emphasis on the development of the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector as a key driver of economic growth, balanced regional development, and employment generation. MSMEs play a vital role in the state's industrial economy by fostering entrepreneurship, generating employment, promoting innovation, and supporting large industries through strong industrial linkages. Recognizing their importance, the Karnataka Industrial Policy 2025 introduces a range of programmes, incentives, and concessions to enhance the competitiveness, productivity, and sustainability of MSMEs. The policy focuses on investment promotion, technological up-gradation, skill development, innovation, and balanced industrial growth across the state. This study examines the role of MSMEs in promoting sustainable industrial development in Karnataka, with particular emphasis on the strategies and incentives provided under the Karnataka Industrial Policy 2025. It evaluates the growth trends and contributions of MSMEs and highlights their significance in strengthening industrial competitiveness, fostering inclusive development, and achieving sustainable economic growth. As per result, the Pearson correlation coefficient (r = 0.984) reveals a very strong positive relationship between MSME units and employment generation. This means that as the number of MSME units increases, employment generation also increases significantly. The correlation coefficient is very close to +1, indicating an almost perfect positive linear association between the two variables. The significance value (p=0.000) is less than the conventional significance level of 0.01 (1%), indicating that the observed correlation is highly statistically significant. Therefore, the probability that this relationship occurred by chance is extremely low. Keywords: Performance, MSMEs, Industrial Sustainable Development, Growth, Strategies, and Incentives. 1.Introduction Karnataka is widely recognized as a favorable destination for industrial development. The MSMEs play a vital role in Karnataka’s economy by generating employment, contributing to GSDP, promoting industrial diversification, promoting entrepreneurship, driving innovation and technology adoption, supporting regional and social inclusivity, supporting balanced regional development and sustaining traditional and rural industries. Their potential for advancing industrial sustainability is further enhanced under the strategies and incentives outlined in Karnataka’s Industrial Policy 2025.The major industrial sectors include food processing, engineering, readymade garments, foundries, automobiles, chemical manufacturing, and handicrafts. In addition to these modern industries, Karnataka is home to traditional and lineage industries, such as handicrafts, khadi, and other rural-based small-scale enterprises, reflecting the state’s diverse and historically rooted industrial ecosystem. The sector contributes significantly to manufacturing, services, exports, and innovation while providing large-scale employment opportunities with relatively low capital investment. As one of India's leading industrial states, Karnataka has created a favourable business environment through strong infrastructure, skilled human resources, and progressive industrial policies that encourage the growth of MSMEs. In recent years, sustainable industrial development has emerged as a major policy objective, emphasizing economic growth along with environmental protection, resource efficiency, and social inclusion. To achieve these objectives, the Government of Karnataka introduced the Karnataka Industrial Policy 2025–30, which aims to promote sustainable and inclusive industrialization by encouraging green manufacturing, technology adoption, investment promotion, skill development, and balanced regional growth. The policy provides several incentives for MSMEs, including financial assistance, infrastructure support, technology upgr","author":[{"family":"Drglohith"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21965039","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21965039","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22079891","type":"article-journal","title":"The impact of merger and Mergers and Acquisitions Deals on Financial Performance in the Renewable Energy Sector Compared to the Traditional Energy Sector in India.\"","abstract":"This study examines the on the financial performance of companies operating in the renewable energy and traditional energy sectors in India. The research is based on a comparative analysis of ten selected Indian energy companies that have been actively involved in merger, acquisition, or business expansion activities during the period 2018–2025. The renewable energy companies selected for the study are Adani Green Energy, Suzlon Energy, ReNew Energy Global, JSW Energy, and Tata Power. The traditional energy companies selected are ONGC, Coal India, Indian Oil Corporation, Bharat Petroleum, and Oil India. Secondary data were collected from annual reports, financial statements, stock exchange filings, and company disclosures. Financial performance was evaluated using Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Net Profit Margin (NPM), Earnings per Share (EPS), and Debt-to-Equity Ratio. Graphical analysis and trend comparison techniques were used to identify positive and negative changes in performance before and after M&A activities. The results indicate that renewable energy companies achieved comparatively higher growth in profitability and market performance, while traditional energy companies experienced moderate improvements through operational efficiencies and business diversification. The study provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of M&A strategies within the Indian energy sector.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22079891","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22079891","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22079890","type":"article-journal","title":"The impact of merger and Mergers and Acquisitions Deals on Financial Performance in the Renewable Energy Sector Compared to the Traditional Energy Sector in India.\"","abstract":"This study examines the on the financial performance of companies operating in the renewable energy and traditional energy sectors in India. The research is based on a comparative analysis of ten selected Indian energy companies that have been actively involved in merger, acquisition, or business expansion activities during the period 2018–2025. The renewable energy companies selected for the study are Adani Green Energy, Suzlon Energy, ReNew Energy Global, JSW Energy, and Tata Power. The traditional energy companies selected are ONGC, Coal India, Indian Oil Corporation, Bharat Petroleum, and Oil India. Secondary data were collected from annual reports, financial statements, stock exchange filings, and company disclosures. Financial performance was evaluated using Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Net Profit Margin (NPM), Earnings per Share (EPS), and Debt-to-Equity Ratio. Graphical analysis and trend comparison techniques were used to identify positive and negative changes in performance before and after M&A activities. The results indicate that renewable energy companies achieved comparatively higher growth in profitability and market performance, while traditional energy companies experienced moderate improvements through operational efficiencies and business diversification. The study provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of M&A strategies within the Indian energy sector.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22079890","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22079890","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20450852","type":"article-journal","title":"THE NEXUS BETWEEN RENEWABLE ENERGY INVESTMENTS AND GDP GROWTH IN UZBEKISTAN: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM AN ARDL BOUNDS TESTING APPROACH (2005–2025)","abstract":"This study investigates the dynamic, long-run relationship between renewable energy investments (REI) and economic growth (GDP) in Uzbekistan utilizing annual time-series data from 2005 to 2025. Employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach, the empirical framework estimates both short- and long-run elasticities while controlling for structural instability. The bounds test confirms a robust cointegrating vector between the variables, demonstrating that a 1% increase in renewable energy investments yields a 0.284% expansion in real output over the long term. Furthermore, the application of cumulative sum tests identifies a critical structural break in 2018, corresponding to institutional market liberalizations that amplified the capital multiplier effect within the domestic energy matrix. These findings offer empirical justification for the targets outlined in Uzbekistan's \"Green Economy Strategy 2030\" and Presidential Decree PF-60.","author":[{"family":"Almuratova","given":"Nurlio'lmasoy"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20450852","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20450852","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20450853","type":"article-journal","title":"THE NEXUS BETWEEN RENEWABLE ENERGY INVESTMENTS AND GDP GROWTH IN UZBEKISTAN: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM AN ARDL BOUNDS TESTING APPROACH (2005–2025)","abstract":"This study investigates the dynamic, long-run relationship between renewable energy investments (REI) and economic growth (GDP) in Uzbekistan utilizing annual time-series data from 2005 to 2025. Employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach, the empirical framework estimates both short- and long-run elasticities while controlling for structural instability. The bounds test confirms a robust cointegrating vector between the variables, demonstrating that a 1% increase in renewable energy investments yields a 0.284% expansion in real output over the long term. Furthermore, the application of cumulative sum tests identifies a critical structural break in 2018, corresponding to institutional market liberalizations that amplified the capital multiplier effect within the domestic energy matrix. These findings offer empirical justification for the targets outlined in Uzbekistan's \"Green Economy Strategy 2030\" and Presidential Decree PF-60.","author":[{"family":"Almuratova","given":"Nurlio'lmasoy"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20450853","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20450853","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21709948","type":"article-journal","title":"Energy Price Volatility, Inflation Dynamics, and India's Macroeconomic Stability: A Comprehensive Analysis","abstract":"Energy price volatility has become one of the most significant external risks affecting macroeconomic stability in energy-importing economies. For India, which imports nearly 85–88% of its crude oil requirements, (Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas. (2025) fluctuations in international energy prices have substantial implications for inflation, fiscal balances, external sector performance, industrial growth, and financial market stability. Recent geopolitical developments, including the Russia–Ukraine conflict, tensions in the Middle East, disruptions in global shipping routes, and OPEC+ production adjustments, have intensified uncertainty in global energy markets, increasing the vulnerability of emerging economies to external shocks. This paper examines the transmission mechanisms through which global energy price volatility influences India's inflation dynamics and broader macroeconomic performance. Using secondary data from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), International Energy Agency (IEA), International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, OPEC, and Government of India publications, the study synthesizes recent evidence on the relationship between crude oil prices, exchange rate movements, consumer price inflation, fiscal balances, industrial activity, and financial markets. The analysis demonstrates that rising energy prices generate cost-push inflation, widen the current account deficit, increase fiscal pressures, reduce industrial competitiveness, and heighten financial market volatility. The paper concludes that strengthening energy security through import diversification, expansion of renewable energy, strategic petroleum reserves, and coordinated fiscal and monetary policies is essential for enhancing India's resilience to future energy shocks.","author":[{"family":"Ranjan","given":"Rajeev"},{"family":"Kumar","given":"Paritosh"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21709948","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21709948","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21620212","type":"article-journal","title":"O'ZBEKISTON \"YASHIL\" IQTISODIYOT SARI: QAYTA TIKLANUVCHI  ENERGIYA MANBALARINING RIVOJLANISHI","abstract":"Maqolada O‘zbekistonda global energetika tizimidagi islohotlar va ekologik barqarorlikni ta’minlash maqsadida qayta tiklanuvchi energiya manbalarini rivojlantirish bo‘yicha davlat siyosati tahlil qilindi. Tadqiqotda 2021–2025-yillarda amalga oshirilayotgan quyosh, shamol va issiqlik elektr stansiyalari hamda elektr ta’minoti tizimini raqamlashtirish va avtomatlashtirishga qaratilgan loyihalar o‘rganildi. Xususan, Jahon banki tomonidan ajratilgan 100 million dollar imtiyozli kredit va “Hududiy elektr tarmoqlari” AJning 50 million dollarlik investitsiyalari asosida 6000 km uzunlikdagi elektr uzatish tarmoqlari qurilishi, 1200 ta transformator o‘rnatilishi va 150 ming “aqlli” hisoblagich joriy etilishi rejalashtirilgan. Ijtimoiy so‘rovlar natijalari aholining energiya ta’minoti sifati va tarif siyosatiga munosabati haqida ma’lumot berdi. Tadqiqot natijalari yuqoridagi chora-tadbirlar elektr ta’minotining ishonchliligini oshirish va iqtisodiy tengsizlikni kamaytirishga xizmat qilishini ko‘rsatdi. Shuningdek, energiya tejamkor texnologiyalarni joriy etish va xususiy investitsiyalarni jalb qilish orqali barqaror energetika tizimini shakllantirishga erishiladi.","author":[{"family":"Tursunovich","given":"Qodirov"},{"family":"O'g'li","given":"Axmedov"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21620212","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21620212","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21620213","type":"article-journal","title":"O'ZBEKISTON \"YASHIL\" IQTISODIYOT SARI: QAYTA TIKLANUVCHI  ENERGIYA MANBALARINING RIVOJLANISHI","abstract":"Maqolada O‘zbekistonda global energetika tizimidagi islohotlar va ekologik barqarorlikni ta’minlash maqsadida qayta tiklanuvchi energiya manbalarini rivojlantirish bo‘yicha davlat siyosati tahlil qilindi. Tadqiqotda 2021–2025-yillarda amalga oshirilayotgan quyosh, shamol va issiqlik elektr stansiyalari hamda elektr ta’minoti tizimini raqamlashtirish va avtomatlashtirishga qaratilgan loyihalar o‘rganildi. Xususan, Jahon banki tomonidan ajratilgan 100 million dollar imtiyozli kredit va “Hududiy elektr tarmoqlari” AJning 50 million dollarlik investitsiyalari asosida 6000 km uzunlikdagi elektr uzatish tarmoqlari qurilishi, 1200 ta transformator o‘rnatilishi va 150 ming “aqlli” hisoblagich joriy etilishi rejalashtirilgan. Ijtimoiy so‘rovlar natijalari aholining energiya ta’minoti sifati va tarif siyosatiga munosabati haqida ma’lumot berdi. Tadqiqot natijalari yuqoridagi chora-tadbirlar elektr ta’minotining ishonchliligini oshirish va iqtisodiy tengsizlikni kamaytirishga xizmat qilishini ko‘rsatdi. Shuningdek, energiya tejamkor texnologiyalarni joriy etish va xususiy investitsiyalarni jalb qilish orqali barqaror energetika tizimini shakllantirishga erishiladi.","author":[{"family":"Tursunovich","given":"Qodirov"},{"family":"O'g'li","given":"Axmedov"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21620213","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21620213","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20668629","type":"article-journal","title":"TOURISM, CREATIVITY AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: PATHWAYS FOR SMART AND SUSTAINABLE FUTURES","abstract":"Abstract: Tourism is undergoing a profound transformation driven by the convergence of creativity and artificial intelligence (AI). While creativity fosters innovative combinations of cultural, social, and economic resources, AI enhances decision-making through data analysis, predictive modeling, and smart management tools. This study examines how these forces can support sustainable, resilient, and inclusive tourism development, with particular attention to the Dakhla-Oued Eddahab region in southern Morocco. This research adopts a systematic literature review approach based on a sample of 45 scientific articles, international reports, and case studies published between 2010 and 2025. The selected literature addresses sustainable tourism, smart tourism technologies, AI applications, creativity-driven innovation, and circular economy practices. The findings indicate that AI and creativity can contribute to tourism sustainability through visitor-flow management, predictive demand analysis, immersive experiences, renewable-energy integration, and participatory innovation initiatives. However, the review also highlights the risks associated with technologies that are insufficiently adapted to local contexts, which may increase dependency and weaken local empowerment. The study concludes that AI alone cannot ensure sustainable tourism development. Its effectiveness depends on responsible governance, ethical commitments, community participation, and the integration of local knowledge. The Dakhla-Oued Eddahab region illustrates how technology, creativity, and local engagement can be combined to promote a sustainable and community-based tourism model. Ultimately, the future of tourism will depend not only on technological innovation but also on the values guiding its implementation. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Smart Tourism; Creativity; Sustainable Tourism; Innovation; Community-Based Tourism; Dakhla-Oued Eddahab.","author":[{"family":"Boussif","given":"Limam"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20668629","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20668629","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20668630","type":"article-journal","title":"TOURISM, CREATIVITY AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: PATHWAYS FOR SMART AND SUSTAINABLE FUTURES","abstract":"Abstract: Tourism is undergoing a profound transformation driven by the convergence of creativity and artificial intelligence (AI). While creativity fosters innovative combinations of cultural, social, and economic resources, AI enhances decision-making through data analysis, predictive modeling, and smart management tools. This study examines how these forces can support sustainable, resilient, and inclusive tourism development, with particular attention to the Dakhla-Oued Eddahab region in southern Morocco. This research adopts a systematic literature review approach based on a sample of 45 scientific articles, international reports, and case studies published between 2010 and 2025. The selected literature addresses sustainable tourism, smart tourism technologies, AI applications, creativity-driven innovation, and circular economy practices. The findings indicate that AI and creativity can contribute to tourism sustainability through visitor-flow management, predictive demand analysis, immersive experiences, renewable-energy integration, and participatory innovation initiatives. However, the review also highlights the risks associated with technologies that are insufficiently adapted to local contexts, which may increase dependency and weaken local empowerment. The study concludes that AI alone cannot ensure sustainable tourism development. Its effectiveness depends on responsible governance, ethical commitments, community participation, and the integration of local knowledge. The Dakhla-Oued Eddahab region illustrates how technology, creativity, and local engagement can be combined to promote a sustainable and community-based tourism model. Ultimately, the future of tourism will depend not only on technological innovation but also on the values guiding its implementation. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Smart Tourism; Creativity; Sustainable Tourism; Innovation; Community-Based Tourism; Dakhla-Oued Eddahab.","author":[{"family":"Boussif","given":"Limam"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20668630","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20668630","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21982540","type":"article-journal","title":"RENEWABLE ENERGY AND STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION OF UZBEKISTAN'S ECONOMY UNDER THE GREEN ECONOMY","abstract":"This article examines the specific features of developing Uzbekistan's national energy sectorwithin the framework of green economy principles, with particular attention to the structural transformationdriven by accelerated renewable energy deployment. Uzbekistan has revised its 2030 renewable capacity targetupward from an initial 12 GW of solar and wind to a more ambitious 27 GW of total renewable capacity includinghydropower, aiming to raise the share of renewables in electricity generation from roughly 23 percent in 2025 to54 percent by 2030. Using a descriptive-analytical method grounded in official statistics, international energyagencydata, and investor disclosures, the study documents the trajectory of installed capacity, the electricitygenerationshare of renewables, the portfolio of major independent power producer (IPP) projects, and thescale of investment mobilized since 2023. The results show that Uzbekistan's energy sector is undergoing adistinctive transition path characterized by public-private partnership (PPP) tendering, sovereign-backed powerpurchase agreements, and increasingly competitive tariffs, with the 1.5 GW Samarkand solar project reachingUSD 0.0165 per kWh roughly 40 percent below marginal gas-fired generation costs. The article concludes thatthe structural transformation of Uzbekistan's energy sector is proceeding faster than the initial 2019 GreenEconomy Transition Strategy anticipated, but that grid flexibility, transmission capacity, and domestic capitalmarketdepth remain binding constraints on the pace of further transformation.","author":[{"family":"Khamrayeva","given":"Sevinch"},{"family":"Foziljonov","given":"Ibrokhimjon"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21982540","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21982540","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21982539","type":"article-journal","title":"RENEWABLE ENERGY AND STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION OF UZBEKISTAN'S ECONOMY UNDER THE GREEN ECONOMY","abstract":"This article examines the specific features of developing Uzbekistan's national energy sectorwithin the framework of green economy principles, with particular attention to the structural transformationdriven by accelerated renewable energy deployment. Uzbekistan has revised its 2030 renewable capacity targetupward from an initial 12 GW of solar and wind to a more ambitious 27 GW of total renewable capacity includinghydropower, aiming to raise the share of renewables in electricity generation from roughly 23 percent in 2025 to54 percent by 2030. Using a descriptive-analytical method grounded in official statistics, international energyagencydata, and investor disclosures, the study documents the trajectory of installed capacity, the electricitygenerationshare of renewables, the portfolio of major independent power producer (IPP) projects, and thescale of investment mobilized since 2023. The results show that Uzbekistan's energy sector is undergoing adistinctive transition path characterized by public-private partnership (PPP) tendering, sovereign-backed powerpurchase agreements, and increasingly competitive tariffs, with the 1.5 GW Samarkand solar project reachingUSD 0.0165 per kWh roughly 40 percent below marginal gas-fired generation costs. The article concludes thatthe structural transformation of Uzbekistan's energy sector is proceeding faster than the initial 2019 GreenEconomy Transition Strategy anticipated, but that grid flexibility, transmission capacity, and domestic capitalmarketdepth remain binding constraints on the pace of further transformation.","author":[{"family":"Khamrayeva","given":"Sevinch"},{"family":"Foziljonov","given":"Ibrokhimjon"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21982539","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21982539","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19989908","type":"article-journal","title":"Hydropower Generation and Weather-Based Energy Dataset from Karnaphuli Power Station","abstract":"This dataset is a processed and integrated dataset constructed using publicly available power generation data from the Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB) and satellite-based meteorological data from NASA IMERG. The dataset combines hydropower generation records from the Karnaphuli Hydro Power Plant with corresponding environmental and weather parameters, including temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, solar radiation, surface pressure, and wind speed. Data preprocessing, cleaning, and feature engineering were performed to align and integrate multiple data sources into a structured format suitable for analysis and machine learning applications. This dataset was developed and utilized in a published research study examining the relationship between environmental factors and hydropower generation. Applications:- Energy forecasting- Machine learning modeling- Renewable energy analysis- Climate impact studies Dataset Details:- Samples: 1759- Features: 11- Format: CSV (tabular time-series)- Time span: January 2021 to November 2025 Feature Description:- Date: Observation date- Day Peak (MW): Daytime peak power generation- Evening Peak (MW): Evening peak power generation- Temperature (°C): Daily average air temperature- Relative Humidity (%): Atmospheric moisture level- Precipitation (mm): Daily rainfall amount- Solar Radiation (W/m²): Surface solar irradiance- Wind Speed (m/s): Wind speed at 10 meters- Surface Pressure (kPa): Atmospheric pressure- LHF: Latent heat flux related feature (derived)- Additional engineered features: Lag and interaction-based variables used for modeling Sources:- Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB)- NASA IMERG satellite data Related Publication:Daily Hydropower Generation Forecasting Scheme Using Satellite Climate Data, SHAP, and LightGBM Technique, IEEE, 2026.DOI: 10.1109/IATMSI68868.2026.11466157","author":[{"family":"Hossain","given":"Al"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19989908","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19989908","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19989909","type":"article-journal","title":"Hydropower Generation and Weather-Based Energy Dataset from Karnaphuli Power Station","abstract":"This dataset is a processed and integrated dataset constructed using publicly available power generation data from the Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB) and satellite-based meteorological data from NASA IMERG. The dataset combines hydropower generation records from the Karnaphuli Hydro Power Plant with corresponding environmental and weather parameters, including temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, solar radiation, surface pressure, and wind speed. Data preprocessing, cleaning, and feature engineering were performed to align and integrate multiple data sources into a structured format suitable for analysis and machine learning applications. This dataset was developed and utilized in a published research study examining the relationship between environmental factors and hydropower generation. Applications:- Energy forecasting- Machine learning modeling- Renewable energy analysis- Climate impact studies Dataset Details:- Samples: 1759- Features: 11- Format: CSV (tabular time-series)- Time span: January 2021 to November 2025 Feature Description:- Date: Observation date- Day Peak (MW): Daytime peak power generation- Evening Peak (MW): Evening peak power generation- Temperature (°C): Daily average air temperature- Relative Humidity (%): Atmospheric moisture level- Precipitation (mm): Daily rainfall amount- Solar Radiation (W/m²): Surface solar irradiance- Wind Speed (m/s): Wind speed at 10 meters- Surface Pressure (kPa): Atmospheric pressure- LHF: Latent heat flux related feature (derived)- Additional engineered features: Lag and interaction-based variables used for modeling Sources:- Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB)- NASA IMERG satellite data Related Publication:Daily Hydropower Generation Forecasting Scheme Using Satellite Climate Data, SHAP, and LightGBM Technique, IEEE, 2026.DOI: 10.1109/IATMSI68868.2026.11466157","author":[{"family":"Hossain","given":"Al"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19989909","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19989909","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20963903","type":"article-journal","title":"Renewable Energy Technologies and Sustainable Physics: A Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research Trends (2015–2025)","abstract":"The decade from 2015 to 2025 transformed renewable-energy research from a collection of technology-specific specialties into a densely connected field concerned with power-system integration, materials supply, life-cycle performance, digital control, and social legitimacy. This paper presents a bibliometric synthesis of that transformation through a triangulated analysis of published Web of Science and Scopus studies, official deployment statistics, and a structured science-mapping interpretation. The principal quantitative backbone is a Web of Science corpus of 8,349 articles on renewable energy and sustainable development, assembled through November 2022, supplemented by a Scopus-based corpus of 19,511 publications on mathematical modelling in biomass and wind systems through 2024 and by 2024-2025 deployment evidence. The analysis examines publication growth, source concentration, international collaboration, thematic evolution, and the changing position of solar photovoltaics, wind energy, storage, hydrogen, microgrids, and sustainability assessment. Results show a marked acceleration after 2015, a shift after 2018 from device efficiency toward integrated energy systems, and a post-2021 emphasis on storage, green hydrogen, artificial intelligence, critical materials, and circularity. China emerged as the dominant publication and collaboration node, while the United States, the United Kingdom, India, and European research systems remained influential in citation and network centrality. Yet bibliometric prominence and sustainable impact are not equivalent. The literature still underrepresents durability, climate resilience, end-of-life recovery, distributional justice, and research conditions in low-income regions. A sustainable-physics perspective therefore requires that energy yield, entropy generation, embodied emissions, material stocks, and institutional context be studied in the same analytical frame. The paper concludes with a research agenda for physics-informed, data-transparent, and geographically inclusive renewable-energy scholarship.","author":[{"family":"Kumar","given":"Dr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20963903","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20963903","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20963904","type":"article-journal","title":"Renewable Energy Technologies and Sustainable Physics: A Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research Trends (2015–2025)","abstract":"The decade from 2015 to 2025 transformed renewable-energy research from a collection of technology-specific specialties into a densely connected field concerned with power-system integration, materials supply, life-cycle performance, digital control, and social legitimacy. This paper presents a bibliometric synthesis of that transformation through a triangulated analysis of published Web of Science and Scopus studies, official deployment statistics, and a structured science-mapping interpretation. The principal quantitative backbone is a Web of Science corpus of 8,349 articles on renewable energy and sustainable development, assembled through November 2022, supplemented by a Scopus-based corpus of 19,511 publications on mathematical modelling in biomass and wind systems through 2024 and by 2024-2025 deployment evidence. The analysis examines publication growth, source concentration, international collaboration, thematic evolution, and the changing position of solar photovoltaics, wind energy, storage, hydrogen, microgrids, and sustainability assessment. Results show a marked acceleration after 2015, a shift after 2018 from device efficiency toward integrated energy systems, and a post-2021 emphasis on storage, green hydrogen, artificial intelligence, critical materials, and circularity. China emerged as the dominant publication and collaboration node, while the United States, the United Kingdom, India, and European research systems remained influential in citation and network centrality. Yet bibliometric prominence and sustainable impact are not equivalent. The literature still underrepresents durability, climate resilience, end-of-life recovery, distributional justice, and research conditions in low-income regions. A sustainable-physics perspective therefore requires that energy yield, entropy generation, embodied emissions, material stocks, and institutional context be studied in the same analytical frame. The paper concludes with a research agenda for physics-informed, data-transparent, and geographically inclusive renewable-energy scholarship.","author":[{"family":"Kumar","given":"Dr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20963904","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20963904","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21619613","type":"article-journal","title":"Unlocking the Blue Horizon: Blue-Tech Startups, Policy Interventions, and Sustainable Growth in India's Coastal Ocean Economy","abstract":"Abstract India’s ocean economy, often termed the blue economy, holds immense untapped potential as a driver of sustainable development, employment generation, and climate resilience. With a 7,517 km coastline spanning nine coastal states and an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of approximately 2.02 million sq km, the sector currently contributes around 4% to national GDP while facilitating 95% of trade by volume and supporting over 40 million livelihoods (KPMG, 2025; NITI Aayog, 2025). This paper examines the emergence of blue-tech startups leveraging AI, drones, renewable energy, and marine biotechnology as catalysts for innovation in fisheries, aquaculture, offshore renewables, and coastal tourism. Drawing on secondary data from government reports, industry analyses, and recent policy documents (2024–2026), it analyzes growth trends, infrastructural and regulatory challenges, and the role of flagship initiatives such as Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY), Sagarmala, and the Deep Ocean Mission. Findings reveal that targeted policy support in coastal states like Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala is accelerating startup ecosystems, yet gaps in funding, technology adoption, and ecosystem governance persist. The study underscores blue-tech’s capacity to modernize traditional sectors, reduce overfishing pressures, and foster inclusive growth, aligning with India’s Viksit Bharat 2047 vision. Recommendations emphasize enhanced public-private partnerships, streamlined regulations, and skill development to realize the sector’s projected multi-trillion-dollar potential by 2030.","author":[{"family":"Pisal","given":"Rohit"},{"family":"Arude","given":"Vedant"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21619613","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21619613","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21619614","type":"article-journal","title":"Unlocking the Blue Horizon: Blue-Tech Startups, Policy Interventions, and Sustainable Growth in India's Coastal Ocean Economy","abstract":"Abstract India’s ocean economy, often termed the blue economy, holds immense untapped potential as a driver of sustainable development, employment generation, and climate resilience. With a 7,517 km coastline spanning nine coastal states and an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of approximately 2.02 million sq km, the sector currently contributes around 4% to national GDP while facilitating 95% of trade by volume and supporting over 40 million livelihoods (KPMG, 2025; NITI Aayog, 2025). This paper examines the emergence of blue-tech startups leveraging AI, drones, renewable energy, and marine biotechnology as catalysts for innovation in fisheries, aquaculture, offshore renewables, and coastal tourism. Drawing on secondary data from government reports, industry analyses, and recent policy documents (2024–2026), it analyzes growth trends, infrastructural and regulatory challenges, and the role of flagship initiatives such as Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY), Sagarmala, and the Deep Ocean Mission. Findings reveal that targeted policy support in coastal states like Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala is accelerating startup ecosystems, yet gaps in funding, technology adoption, and ecosystem governance persist. The study underscores blue-tech’s capacity to modernize traditional sectors, reduce overfishing pressures, and foster inclusive growth, aligning with India’s Viksit Bharat 2047 vision. Recommendations emphasize enhanced public-private partnerships, streamlined regulations, and skill development to realize the sector’s projected multi-trillion-dollar potential by 2030.","author":[{"family":"Pisal","given":"Rohit"},{"family":"Arude","given":"Vedant"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21619614","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21619614","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20004241","type":"article-journal","title":"ACHIEVEMENTS AND PERSISTENT CHALLENGES OF THE NATIONAL NEW RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM IN NORTHERN VIETNAM: EVIDENCE FROM INFRASTRUCTURE, INCOME AND SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORS","abstract":"This study provides a comprehensive assessment of Vietnam’s National Target Program on New Rural Development (NRD) in Northern Vietnam over the period 2010–2024, employing a mixed-methods approach combining official national and provincial datasets, commune-level NRD databases, multidimensional poverty metrics, OCOP registries and in-depth case studies in mountainous and delta provinces. Significant achievements are evident: rural per capita income has risen steadily, multidimensional poverty has declined markedly in lowland areas, and access to all-weather roads, electricity, and clean water now approaches 100% in the Red River Delta. Non-farm activities have become the primary driver of structural transformation, with the proportion of rural households relying on non-farm wage employment increasing from überraschende 16.8 % in 1992 to 52.5 % in 2024, while non-farm self-employment has declined due to capital and market constraints in upland regions. Community-based tourism (e.g., Sin Suoi Ho, Da Bac) and the One Commune One Product (OCOP) initiative, with 8,478 rated products by 2022, have generated substantial alternative income and preserved cultural heritage. Microfinance and women-focused programs have supported female entrepreneurship, yet rural women still face a 35.2% gender earnings gap and constitute only 21% of formal rural SMEs. Despite these advances, stark sub-regional disparities persist: mountainous and ethnic-minority-dominated provinces (Ha Giang, Dien Bien, Lai Chau) lag considerably in meeting the 19 national NRD criteria, suffer higher poverty incidence, and experience severe labour shortages due to rural-to-urban migration and limited technological adoption. The study concludes that continued success requires prioritised resource allocation to remote areas, accelerated diffusion of precision agriculture and renewable-energy technologies, strengthened community governance, and gender-sensitive financial and training interventions to ensure inclusive, resilient, and environmentally sustainable rural development across Northern Vietnam.","author":[{"family":"Minh-Tuan Nguyen","given":"Huu"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20004241","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20004241","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20004242","type":"article-journal","title":"ACHIEVEMENTS AND PERSISTENT CHALLENGES OF THE NATIONAL NEW RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM IN NORTHERN VIETNAM: EVIDENCE FROM INFRASTRUCTURE, INCOME AND SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORS","abstract":"This study provides a comprehensive assessment of Vietnam’s National Target Program on New Rural Development (NRD) in Northern Vietnam over the period 2010–2024, employing a mixed-methods approach combining official national and provincial datasets, commune-level NRD databases, multidimensional poverty metrics, OCOP registries and in-depth case studies in mountainous and delta provinces. Significant achievements are evident: rural per capita income has risen steadily, multidimensional poverty has declined markedly in lowland areas, and access to all-weather roads, electricity, and clean water now approaches 100% in the Red River Delta. Non-farm activities have become the primary driver of structural transformation, with the proportion of rural households relying on non-farm wage employment increasing from überraschende 16.8 % in 1992 to 52.5 % in 2024, while non-farm self-employment has declined due to capital and market constraints in upland regions. Community-based tourism (e.g., Sin Suoi Ho, Da Bac) and the One Commune One Product (OCOP) initiative, with 8,478 rated products by 2022, have generated substantial alternative income and preserved cultural heritage. Microfinance and women-focused programs have supported female entrepreneurship, yet rural women still face a 35.2% gender earnings gap and constitute only 21% of formal rural SMEs. Despite these advances, stark sub-regional disparities persist: mountainous and ethnic-minority-dominated provinces (Ha Giang, Dien Bien, Lai Chau) lag considerably in meeting the 19 national NRD criteria, suffer higher poverty incidence, and experience severe labour shortages due to rural-to-urban migration and limited technological adoption. The study concludes that continued success requires prioritised resource allocation to remote areas, accelerated diffusion of precision agriculture and renewable-energy technologies, strengthened community governance, and gender-sensitive financial and training interventions to ensure inclusive, resilient, and environmentally sustainable rural development across Northern Vietnam.","author":[{"family":"Minh-Tuan Nguyen","given":"Huu"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20004242","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20004242","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21364041","type":"article-journal","title":"FINANCIAL MECHANISMS FOR STIMULATING GREEN INVESTMENT: ANALYTICAL ASSESSMENT AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS IN UKRAINE","abstract":"The article examines the financial instruments of “green” investment in Ukraine during 2020-2024 under conditions of multiple crises − the pandemic, full-scale war, and European integration processes. The essence and classification of the main instruments are revealed, including green bonds, green lending, grants, the green tariff and the auction mechanism for supporting renewable energy, as well as tax incentives. A comprehensive analysis of the dynamics of green finance indicators is conducted, and key trends in the development of the institutional and financial ecosystem are identified. Particular attention is paid to the role of international financial organizations (IMF, IFC, EBRD) and donor programs in stimulating green investment. The effectiveness of each instrument is assessed through the lens of the environmental, social, and economic results achieved. Prospects for implementing EU standards in sustainable finance, adapting the taxonomy, and ESG reporting are substantiated. Recommendations are formulated for modernizing the regulatory framework, strengthening institutional coordination, and developing the market for green financial products to ensure the systemic environmental transformation of Ukraine’s economy.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21364041","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21364041","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21364042","type":"article-journal","title":"FINANCIAL MECHANISMS FOR STIMULATING GREEN INVESTMENT: ANALYTICAL ASSESSMENT AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS IN UKRAINE","abstract":"The article examines the financial instruments of “green” investment in Ukraine during 2020-2024 under conditions of multiple crises − the pandemic, full-scale war, and European integration processes. The essence and classification of the main instruments are revealed, including green bonds, green lending, grants, the green tariff and the auction mechanism for supporting renewable energy, as well as tax incentives. A comprehensive analysis of the dynamics of green finance indicators is conducted, and key trends in the development of the institutional and financial ecosystem are identified. Particular attention is paid to the role of international financial organizations (IMF, IFC, EBRD) and donor programs in stimulating green investment. The effectiveness of each instrument is assessed through the lens of the environmental, social, and economic results achieved. Prospects for implementing EU standards in sustainable finance, adapting the taxonomy, and ESG reporting are substantiated. Recommendations are formulated for modernizing the regulatory framework, strengthening institutional coordination, and developing the market for green financial products to ensure the systemic environmental transformation of Ukraine’s economy.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21364042","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21364042","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21943581","type":"article-journal","title":"GST Reforms as Instruments of Fiscal Federalism and Sustainable Development in India: An Analytical Study in The Context of Viksit Bharat 2047","abstract":"The Goods and Services Tax (GST) remains one of the most consequential fiscal reforms of post-liberalisation India, reshaping indirect taxation, Centre–State fiscal relations, and the digital governance ecosystem. This study examines how GST reforms, including the September 2025 “GST 2.0” rate rationalisation, strengthen fiscal federalism, improve tax compliance, promote economic formalisation, and advance sustainable development within the framework of Viksit Bharat 2047. The analysis draws entirely on secondary data from GST Council reports, Ministry of Finance and Press Information Bureau releases, RBI publications, Economic Surveys, NITI Aayog reports, and peer-reviewed literature covering 2017–2025. The study operationalises Wallace Oates’ Fiscal Federalism Theory to assess Centre–State fiscal coordination and applies digital governance frameworks associated with Richard Heeks and Jane Fountain, which emphasise reducing information asymmetry and aligning technology with institutional capacity. Gross GST collections rose from ₹11.19 lakh crore in 2017–18 to a provisional ₹22.08 lakh crore in 2024–25, while the registered taxpayer base exceeded 1.45 crore by 2025. E-invoicing, e-way bills, invoice matching, and AI-based analytics are found to have improved compliance efficiency and formalisation, while the two-slab GST 2.0 structure (5% and 18%, with a 40% de-merit rate) is assessed as a further step toward compliance simplification. GST also strengthened cooperative federal governance through the GST Council and supported sustainability through tax concessions for renewable energy and electric mobility. However, compensation-cess transition pressures, MSME compliance burden, digital inequality, and dependence on official secondary data remain structural constraints. The study also situates GST 2.0 within Centre–State fiscal bargaining, arguing that slab compression narrows future negotiating space in the GST Council even as it simplifies compliance and reduces classification disputes that had generated extensive litigation under the earlier four-slab regime. The originality of this paper lies in integrating fiscal federalism, digital governance, and sustainability with the 2025 rate reform within a single analytical lens, offering an early academic assessment of GST 2.0 that existing literature has not yet addressed. Future research may examine state-wise revenue effects of GST 2.0, MSME compliance costs, and behavioural dimensions of digital tax governance.","author":[{"family":"Mane","given":"Amol"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21943581","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21943581","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21943582","type":"article-journal","title":"GST Reforms as Instruments of Fiscal Federalism and Sustainable Development in India: An Analytical Study in The Context of Viksit Bharat 2047","abstract":"The Goods and Services Tax (GST) remains one of the most consequential fiscal reforms of post-liberalisation India, reshaping indirect taxation, Centre–State fiscal relations, and the digital governance ecosystem. This study examines how GST reforms, including the September 2025 “GST 2.0” rate rationalisation, strengthen fiscal federalism, improve tax compliance, promote economic formalisation, and advance sustainable development within the framework of Viksit Bharat 2047. The analysis draws entirely on secondary data from GST Council reports, Ministry of Finance and Press Information Bureau releases, RBI publications, Economic Surveys, NITI Aayog reports, and peer-reviewed literature covering 2017–2025. The study operationalises Wallace Oates’ Fiscal Federalism Theory to assess Centre–State fiscal coordination and applies digital governance frameworks associated with Richard Heeks and Jane Fountain, which emphasise reducing information asymmetry and aligning technology with institutional capacity. Gross GST collections rose from ₹11.19 lakh crore in 2017–18 to a provisional ₹22.08 lakh crore in 2024–25, while the registered taxpayer base exceeded 1.45 crore by 2025. E-invoicing, e-way bills, invoice matching, and AI-based analytics are found to have improved compliance efficiency and formalisation, while the two-slab GST 2.0 structure (5% and 18%, with a 40% de-merit rate) is assessed as a further step toward compliance simplification. GST also strengthened cooperative federal governance through the GST Council and supported sustainability through tax concessions for renewable energy and electric mobility. However, compensation-cess transition pressures, MSME compliance burden, digital inequality, and dependence on official secondary data remain structural constraints. The study also situates GST 2.0 within Centre–State fiscal bargaining, arguing that slab compression narrows future negotiating space in the GST Council even as it simplifies compliance and reduces classification disputes that had generated extensive litigation under the earlier four-slab regime. The originality of this paper lies in integrating fiscal federalism, digital governance, and sustainability with the 2025 rate reform within a single analytical lens, offering an early academic assessment of GST 2.0 that existing literature has not yet addressed. Future research may examine state-wise revenue effects of GST 2.0, MSME compliance costs, and behavioural dimensions of digital tax governance.","author":[{"family":"Mane","given":"Amol"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21943582","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21943582","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20081646","type":"article-journal","title":"V-energie - Improving Energy Efficiency in the Swiss Wine Industry","abstract":"Projet description and methodology Despite the economic and cultural importance of viticulture in the Swiss landscape, the energy consumption associated with winemaking and the deployment of renewable energies in wine cellars remain surprisingly underdocumented. The V-energie project, conducted in 2024 and 2025 by the HES-SO Valais-Wallis, Changins, and HEIA-FR, addresses this gap for the first time. Its main objective is to analyze the energy consumption and production of Swiss wine cellars according to their size and operation, in order to determine the amount of energy required for wine processing and storage per liter of wine. The project led to the creation of an open-access database on energy consumption in Swiss winemaking, based on field visits, in situ measurements, and a questionnaire sent to 1,418 wine estates across the country. A total of 236 wine cellars responded. This participation rate — typical for a survey — calls for some caution in interpreting the results. Nevertheless, the dataset represents the most comprehensive source of information currently available on energy use in Swiss wine cellars and makes it possible to identify reliable orders of magnitude and significant trends within the sector. Data collected The main data collected can be grouped into several categories: Cellar characteristics: location, size, surface area, year of construction or renovation, number of underground levels, and overall building condition. Annual and monthly energy consumption: electricity, thermal energy and water consumption together with the associated energy costs. Wine production: volume of wine produced, number of bottles, wine types, on-site bottling, and bottle reuse practices. Technical systems and equipment: air conditioning and cooling systems, equipment installed in the cellars, operating hours, and installation condition. Renewable energy production: presence of photovoltaic panels, annual solar production, installed capacity, self-consumption rate, and interest in future installations. Winegrowers’ energy awareness and monitoring: level of knowledge regarding energy consumption, energy monitoring practices, perception of energy costs, and estimated share of self-consumed electricity production. Metadata and data quality: data quality and completeness scores, schema version, and traceability information for the source files. For more details about the collected data, please refer to the README file. The V-energie project was made possible thanks to funding from the HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Department of Engineering and Architecture. We would like to thank HES-SO for this funding, as well as the project’s partner schools.","author":[{"family":"Luyet","given":"Vincent"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20081646","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20081646","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20081647","type":"article-journal","title":"V-energie - Improving Energy Efficiency in the Swiss Wine Industry","abstract":"Projet description and methodology Despite the economic and cultural importance of viticulture in the Swiss landscape, the energy consumption associated with winemaking and the deployment of renewable energies in wine cellars remain surprisingly underdocumented. The V-energie project, conducted in 2024 and 2025 by the HES-SO Valais-Wallis, Changins, and HEIA-FR, addresses this gap for the first time. Its main objective is to analyze the energy consumption and production of Swiss wine cellars according to their size and operation, in order to determine the amount of energy required for wine processing and storage per liter of wine. The project led to the creation of an open-access database on energy consumption in Swiss winemaking, based on field visits, in situ measurements, and a questionnaire sent to 1,418 wine estates across the country. A total of 236 wine cellars responded. This participation rate — typical for a survey — calls for some caution in interpreting the results. Nevertheless, the dataset represents the most comprehensive source of information currently available on energy use in Swiss wine cellars and makes it possible to identify reliable orders of magnitude and significant trends within the sector. Data collected The main data collected can be grouped into several categories: Cellar characteristics: location, size, surface area, year of construction or renovation, number of underground levels, and overall building condition. Annual and monthly energy consumption: electricity, thermal energy and water consumption together with the associated energy costs. Wine production: volume of wine produced, number of bottles, wine types, on-site bottling, and bottle reuse practices. Technical systems and equipment: air conditioning and cooling systems, equipment installed in the cellars, operating hours, and installation condition. Renewable energy production: presence of photovoltaic panels, annual solar production, installed capacity, self-consumption rate, and interest in future installations. Winegrowers’ energy awareness and monitoring: level of knowledge regarding energy consumption, energy monitoring practices, perception of energy costs, and estimated share of self-consumed electricity production. Metadata and data quality: data quality and completeness scores, schema version, and traceability information for the source files. For more details about the collected data, please refer to the README file. The V-energie project was made possible thanks to funding from the HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Department of Engineering and Architecture. We would like to thank HES-SO for this funding, as well as the project’s partner schools.","author":[{"family":"Luyet","given":"Vincent"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20081647","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20081647","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.17632/kkytkx9y38.1","type":"article-journal","title":"State-level determinants of off-grid solar irrigation pump adoption in India (28 states, 2019–2024)","abstract":"Research hypothesis: This dataset was compiled to test whether state-level variation in off-grid solar irrigation pump adoption in India is better explained by resource availability (solar potential) or by regime-level institutional and infrastructural conditions (subsidy support, grid infrastructure, utility performance), consistent with a Multi-Level Perspective (MLP) framework distinguishing niche-level and regime-level explanations for technology diffusion. The working hypothesis was that institutional and policy factors would show stronger associations with adoption than solar resource endowment alone, given that off-grid solar irrigation adoption in India remains low and geographically uneven despite broadly comparable solar potential across most states. What the data contains: The dataset covers 28 Indian states (Union Territories excluded due to data limitations). For each state, it records: 1) Adoption intensity (dependent variable): Cumulative number of off-grid solar irrigation pumps installed under successive national schemes, expressed per 1,000 cultivators, using cultivator counts from the latest Agricultural Census (2015-16) as the denominator. 2) Solar potential (MW): State-level solar resource capacity, used to test the niche-level resource-availability explanation for adoption. PM-KUSUM subsidy per cultivator. Cumulative subsidy disbursed under India's PM-KUSUM scheme between 2019 and 2024, summed across the period and divided by cultivator count. 3) Agricultural connected load per cultivator: Aggregate agricultural electricity load connected to the grid, per cultivator. 4) Aggregate Technical and Commercial (AT&amp;C) losses (%): A standard indicator of electricity distribution utility (DISCOM) operational performance. Data were compiled from the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), the Central Electricity Authority, Power Finance Corporation, and the Agricultural Census of India","author":[{"family":"Ahlawat","given":"Chetna"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.17632/kkytkx9y38.1","URL":"https://doi.org/10.17632/kkytkx9y38.1","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.17632/kkytkx9y38","type":"article-journal","title":"State-level determinants of off-grid solar irrigation pump adoption in India (28 states, 2019–2024)","abstract":"Research hypothesis: This dataset was compiled to test whether state-level variation in off-grid solar irrigation pump adoption in India is better explained by resource availability (solar potential) or by regime-level institutional and infrastructural conditions (subsidy support, grid infrastructure, utility performance), consistent with a Multi-Level Perspective (MLP) framework distinguishing niche-level and regime-level explanations for technology diffusion. The working hypothesis was that institutional and policy factors would show stronger associations with adoption than solar resource endowment alone, given that off-grid solar irrigation adoption in India remains low and geographically uneven despite broadly comparable solar potential across most states. What the data contains: The dataset covers 28 Indian states (Union Territories excluded due to data limitations). For each state, it records: 1) Adoption intensity (dependent variable): Cumulative number of off-grid solar irrigation pumps installed under successive national schemes, expressed per 1,000 cultivators, using cultivator counts from the latest Agricultural Census (2015-16) as the denominator. 2) Solar potential (MW): State-level solar resource capacity, used to test the niche-level resource-availability explanation for adoption. PM-KUSUM subsidy per cultivator. Cumulative subsidy disbursed under India's PM-KUSUM scheme between 2019 and 2024, summed across the period and divided by cultivator count. 3) Agricultural connected load per cultivator: Aggregate agricultural electricity load connected to the grid, per cultivator. 4) Aggregate Technical and Commercial (AT&amp;C) losses (%): A standard indicator of electricity distribution utility (DISCOM) operational performance. Data were compiled from the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), the Central Electricity Authority, Power Finance Corporation, and the Agricultural Census of India","author":[{"family":"Ahlawat","given":"Chetna"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.17632/kkytkx9y38","URL":"https://doi.org/10.17632/kkytkx9y38","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.48441/4427.3410","type":"article-journal","title":"Modified electricity price signals as a flexibility incentive for hydrogen production - the impact of hydrogen production profiles on costs and GHG emissions","abstract":"The increasing share of renewable energy has a direct impact on spot prices and electricity-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Low marginal costs for solar and wind reduce spot prices, especially in times with a high share of renewable electricity production. GHG emissions tend to decrease as the share of renewables increases throughout the year, again, particularly in times with a high share of renewable electricity. Hydrogen production from grid electricity shows the potential to serve as a flexible consumer making use of low electricity and serving threefold: (1) supplying low-cost hydrogen for e.g. industrial processes (2) producing hydrogen leading to low GHG emissions and (3) serving the electricity system through a flexible demand. A policy instrument with modified electricity price signals to stimulate flexible electricity demand from an electrolyzer has been presented (Schütte &amp; Timmerberg, 2024). The modification consists of two parts: (1) the annual average is adjusted and (2) the hourly resolved electricity price is changed. The factor changes the amplitude of the price. It was analyzed which combinations of adjustments lead to a target price of €1.80/kg for hydrogen. Results show that higher price amplitudes lead to shorter electrolyzer operating times. This could be an incentive for flexibility on the consumer side. This research examines how different hydrogen demand profiles affect costs and GHG emissions under the policy instrument, aiming for a target price. A demand profile is understood as a recurring, constant demand. Hydrogen production is considered in different time periods – per day, per week or per month – where the electrolyzer is operated at the least cost hours.","author":[{"family":"Schütte","given":"Carsten"},{"family":"Timmerberg","given":"Sebastian"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.48441/4427.3410","URL":"https://doi.org/10.48441/4427.3410","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21699106","type":"article-journal","title":"Green Innovation for Sustainable Development: Materials, Energy, And Environmental Management","abstract":"Abstract The intensifying challenges of climate change and resource scarcity necessitate a systemic shift toward green innovation. This study utilizes a multidisciplinary framework to evaluate the integration of green materials, renewable energy systems, and environmental management practices. Employing a quantitative and qualitative research design, the study analyzes global datasets (2022–2026) through regression and comparative mapping with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Results indicate that while the global renewable energy share increased from 28% to 40% between 2020 and 2024, total CO_2 emissions rose concurrently from 34.8 to 37.8 Gt. The findings highlight that green innovation serves as a strategic pathway for sustainability, but its efficacy depends on robust institutional governance and the transition to a circular economy to achieve meaningful ecological and economic benefits. Using a multidisciplinary framework, this publication-grade study investigates green materials, renewable energy systems, and environmental management practices. The research integrates literature review (2022–2026), statistical modelling, hypothesis testing, and sustainability mapping.","author":[{"family":"Shintre","given":"Mallikarjun"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21699106","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21699106","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21699107","type":"article-journal","title":"Green Innovation for Sustainable Development: Materials, Energy, And Environmental Management","abstract":"Abstract The intensifying challenges of climate change and resource scarcity necessitate a systemic shift toward green innovation. This study utilizes a multidisciplinary framework to evaluate the integration of green materials, renewable energy systems, and environmental management practices. Employing a quantitative and qualitative research design, the study analyzes global datasets (2022–2026) through regression and comparative mapping with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Results indicate that while the global renewable energy share increased from 28% to 40% between 2020 and 2024, total CO_2 emissions rose concurrently from 34.8 to 37.8 Gt. The findings highlight that green innovation serves as a strategic pathway for sustainability, but its efficacy depends on robust institutional governance and the transition to a circular economy to achieve meaningful ecological and economic benefits. Using a multidisciplinary framework, this publication-grade study investigates green materials, renewable energy systems, and environmental management practices. The research integrates literature review (2022–2026), statistical modelling, hypothesis testing, and sustainability mapping.","author":[{"family":"Shintre","given":"Mallikarjun"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21699107","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21699107","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19711571","type":"article-journal","title":"ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND THE GREEN–BLUE INNOVATION NEXUS: NONLINEAR EVIDENCE FROM GCC ECONOMIES","abstract":"The research focuses on the ways in which the economies of the GCC can achieve growth in a sustainable manner, while also overcoming environmental challenges. The research, which employs a dynamic panel System GMM approach from 2000 to 2024, reveals three key findings. First, it is clear that energy intensity is detrimental to sustainability, reinforcing the importance of energy efficiency. Second, green innovation, as measured by the use of renewable energy, environmental patents, and clean technology, is a key driver of sustainable growth. Finally, developing blue resources is also a contributor to sustainability, and it can be seen as complementary to green innovation. Furthermore, the research also reveals that institutional quality is an important moderator of the results. Overall, it can be seen that there is clear policy guidance for the GCC economies, which are seeking a new economic model based on a low carbon, innovation-driven, and sustainable growth strategy.","author":[{"family":"Sadraoui","given":"Tarek"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19711571","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19711571","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19711572","type":"article-journal","title":"ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND THE GREEN–BLUE INNOVATION NEXUS: NONLINEAR EVIDENCE FROM GCC ECONOMIES","abstract":"The research focuses on the ways in which the economies of the GCC can achieve growth in a sustainable manner, while also overcoming environmental challenges. The research, which employs a dynamic panel System GMM approach from 2000 to 2024, reveals three key findings. First, it is clear that energy intensity is detrimental to sustainability, reinforcing the importance of energy efficiency. Second, green innovation, as measured by the use of renewable energy, environmental patents, and clean technology, is a key driver of sustainable growth. Finally, developing blue resources is also a contributor to sustainability, and it can be seen as complementary to green innovation. Furthermore, the research also reveals that institutional quality is an important moderator of the results. Overall, it can be seen that there is clear policy guidance for the GCC economies, which are seeking a new economic model based on a low carbon, innovation-driven, and sustainable growth strategy.","author":[{"family":"Sadraoui","given":"Tarek"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19711572","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19711572","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21897815","type":"article-journal","title":"Novel Design of Solar Carport with Tracking System: A Case Study of Baghdad, Iraq","abstract":"In particular, solar energy is a strong substitute since it reduces reliance on non-renewable resources and offers economic and environmental benefits. However, because it needs to accommodate a lot of parking spaces and provide the most energy feasible, constructing a solar-powered carport could be difficult. Simultaneously, the design of parking spots must adhere to several regulations, and the design of photovoltaic systems must take several things into account. With a novel motion mechanism, the current study intends to build a sun-tracking solar carport that tilts at more angles, increasing the amount of incident irradiance and electrical power generated by the panels. Two distinct sun-tracking solar carport designs with distinct motion mechanisms were designed, the first with a single column mechanism and the second with an X -shape mechanism, After identifying the suitable location for the solar carport for the Training and Energy Research Department at the Ministry of Electricity in Baghdad, Iraq, In January 2024, from 8 AM to 4 PM, the stress, deformation, and variation in solar irradiance impinge on the panels between the horizontal and tilted carport were examined and assessed. The findings demonstrated that, in terms of solar irradiance, the sun-tracking solar carport has a larger percentage than the fixed carport. The X-shaped solar carport design has a maximum equivalent stress of 145 MPa, whereas the single-column mechanism solar carport has a maximum equivalent stress of 112.45 MPa. The X-shaped solar carport design has a maximum deformation of 4.797 mm, whereas the single-column mechanism solar carport design has a maximum deformation of 29.65 mm. Consequently, in terms of sun-tracking angles and their capacity to tolerate stress and deformation, the second design—the X-shaped mechanism that has been suggested is the most appropriate for working.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21897815","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21897815","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21897816","type":"article-journal","title":"Novel Design of Solar Carport with Tracking System: A Case Study of Baghdad, Iraq","abstract":"In particular, solar energy is a strong substitute since it reduces reliance on non-renewable resources and offers economic and environmental benefits. However, because it needs to accommodate a lot of parking spaces and provide the most energy feasible, constructing a solar-powered carport could be difficult. Simultaneously, the design of parking spots must adhere to several regulations, and the design of photovoltaic systems must take several things into account. With a novel motion mechanism, the current study intends to build a sun-tracking solar carport that tilts at more angles, increasing the amount of incident irradiance and electrical power generated by the panels. Two distinct sun-tracking solar carport designs with distinct motion mechanisms were designed, the first with a single column mechanism and the second with an X -shape mechanism, After identifying the suitable location for the solar carport for the Training and Energy Research Department at the Ministry of Electricity in Baghdad, Iraq, In January 2024, from 8 AM to 4 PM, the stress, deformation, and variation in solar irradiance impinge on the panels between the horizontal and tilted carport were examined and assessed. The findings demonstrated that, in terms of solar irradiance, the sun-tracking solar carport has a larger percentage than the fixed carport. The X-shaped solar carport design has a maximum equivalent stress of 145 MPa, whereas the single-column mechanism solar carport has a maximum equivalent stress of 112.45 MPa. The X-shaped solar carport design has a maximum deformation of 4.797 mm, whereas the single-column mechanism solar carport design has a maximum deformation of 29.65 mm. Consequently, in terms of sun-tracking angles and their capacity to tolerate stress and deformation, the second design—the X-shaped mechanism that has been suggested is the most appropriate for working.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21897816","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21897816","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.17632/f9w3vzznnt.1","type":"article-journal","title":"Banks at the Chokepoint: A Cross-Country Dataset on Exposure-Conditioned Equity Losses and Recovery across Five Global Disruptions, 2019–2026","abstract":"This dataset provides an analysis-ready, cross-country bank–event panel designed to examine how national exposure to strategic energy and maritime chokepoints is associated with bank equity losses and post-shock recovery. It covers five disruptions: the 2019 Abqaiq–Khurais attacks, the 2021 Suez Canal blockage, Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, the 2024 Red Sea escalation, and the 2026 Strait of Hormuz shock. Event exposure is measured using pre-event bilateral trade shares: Saudi-origin HS 27 imports, a transparent Europe–Asia route proxy, Russian-origin HS 27 imports, and core or expanded Hormuz-linked HS 27 imports. The workbook contains event definitions; country–event exposure measures; country-level energy and macroeconomic controls; the bank universe; bank-level and daily event-study panels; balanced comparison and Hormuz-specificity samples; cumulative abnormal returns, maximum drawdowns, trough timing, recovery status and duration; Kaplan–Meier estimates; event-stratified Cox models; recovery-gap estimates; multiple-testing adjustments; resampling inference; sensitivity analyses; sample-flow and data-quality diagnostics; and complete source and API logs. The main balanced sample comprises 95 banks from 26 countries observed across all five events (475 bank–event observations). The broader Hormuz-specificity sample contains 665 bank–event observations from 32 countries. Daily adjusted bank and benchmark prices are from Yahoo Finance. Bilateral trade data are from UN Comtrade; renewable-energy and related indicators are from Our World in Data; and GDP per capita, inflation, and trade openness are from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators. Exposure variables and controls use only information available before each event. Expected returns are estimated over trading days −260 to −30, while event dynamics are reported from −20 to +60 and recovery sensitivity is evaluated through +120. The workbook records baseline market-model estimates alongside global-financial and augmented specifications, placebo windows, right-censoring rules, and first-passage and sustained-recovery definitions. All transformations, models, tables, figures, and diagnostic files are reproducible with the companion script “R Codes.R”. The dataset is intended for replication, robustness analysis, and research on bank resilience, geopolitical risk, energy dependence, and supply-chain chokepoints. Results should be interpreted as exposure-conditioned associations rather than causal effects.","author":[{"family":"Yilmaz","given":"Ekrem"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.17632/f9w3vzznnt.1","URL":"https://doi.org/10.17632/f9w3vzznnt.1","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.17632/f9w3vzznnt","type":"article-journal","title":"Banks at the Chokepoint: A Cross-Country Dataset on Exposure-Conditioned Equity Losses and Recovery across Five Global Disruptions, 2019–2026","abstract":"This dataset provides an analysis-ready, cross-country bank–event panel designed to examine how national exposure to strategic energy and maritime chokepoints is associated with bank equity losses and post-shock recovery. It covers five disruptions: the 2019 Abqaiq–Khurais attacks, the 2021 Suez Canal blockage, Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, the 2024 Red Sea escalation, and the 2026 Strait of Hormuz shock. Event exposure is measured using pre-event bilateral trade shares: Saudi-origin HS 27 imports, a transparent Europe–Asia route proxy, Russian-origin HS 27 imports, and core or expanded Hormuz-linked HS 27 imports. The workbook contains event definitions; country–event exposure measures; country-level energy and macroeconomic controls; the bank universe; bank-level and daily event-study panels; balanced comparison and Hormuz-specificity samples; cumulative abnormal returns, maximum drawdowns, trough timing, recovery status and duration; Kaplan–Meier estimates; event-stratified Cox models; recovery-gap estimates; multiple-testing adjustments; resampling inference; sensitivity analyses; sample-flow and data-quality diagnostics; and complete source and API logs. The main balanced sample comprises 95 banks from 26 countries observed across all five events (475 bank–event observations). The broader Hormuz-specificity sample contains 665 bank–event observations from 32 countries. Daily adjusted bank and benchmark prices are from Yahoo Finance. Bilateral trade data are from UN Comtrade; renewable-energy and related indicators are from Our World in Data; and GDP per capita, inflation, and trade openness are from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators. Exposure variables and controls use only information available before each event. Expected returns are estimated over trading days −260 to −30, while event dynamics are reported from −20 to +60 and recovery sensitivity is evaluated through +120. The workbook records baseline market-model estimates alongside global-financial and augmented specifications, placebo windows, right-censoring rules, and first-passage and sustained-recovery definitions. All transformations, models, tables, figures, and diagnostic files are reproducible with the companion script “R Codes.R”. The dataset is intended for replication, robustness analysis, and research on bank resilience, geopolitical risk, energy dependence, and supply-chain chokepoints. Results should be interpreted as exposure-conditioned associations rather than causal effects.","author":[{"family":"Yilmaz","given":"Ekrem"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.17632/f9w3vzznnt","URL":"https://doi.org/10.17632/f9w3vzznnt","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21858518","type":"article-journal","title":"PRADHAN MANTRI SURYA GHAR MUFT BIJLI YOJANA: EVALUATING  INDIA'S ROOFTOP SOLAR GROWTH AND ACHIEVEMENTS Dr. Amrit Paul1 , Dr. Partha Pratim","abstract":"The Pradhan Mantri Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana, launched in 2024, is a flagship initiative promoting rooftop solar adoption by providing households up to 300 units of free electricity monthly. It supports India’s target of achieving 500 GW of non-fossil fuel capacity by 2030 through decentralized renewable generation. The scheme uses subsidies, concessional loans, and simplified approvals to boost participation, with DISCOMs, private partners, and government agencies playing key roles.Despite progress, challenges remain, including high installation costs, low awareness, administrative delays, and uneven regional adoption. Early success is evident in urban and semiurban areas, alongside job creation in solar panel production, installation, and maintenance. The program also contributes to reducing carbon emissions, enhancing energy security, and advancing India’s green economy. To maximize its impact, continued policy support, awareness efforts, and capacity building are essential.Keywords: Pradhan Mantri Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana, Rooftop Solar, Renewable Energy, Sustainable Development, Energy Transition, India, Clean Energy Policy","author":[{"family":"Paul","given":"Amrit"},{"family":"Bora","given":"Partha"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21858518","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21858518","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21858519","type":"article-journal","title":"PRADHAN MANTRI SURYA GHAR MUFT BIJLI YOJANA: EVALUATING  INDIA'S ROOFTOP SOLAR GROWTH AND ACHIEVEMENTS Dr. Amrit Paul1 , Dr. Partha Pratim","abstract":"The Pradhan Mantri Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana, launched in 2024, is a flagship initiative promoting rooftop solar adoption by providing households up to 300 units of free electricity monthly. It supports India’s target of achieving 500 GW of non-fossil fuel capacity by 2030 through decentralized renewable generation. The scheme uses subsidies, concessional loans, and simplified approvals to boost participation, with DISCOMs, private partners, and government agencies playing key roles.Despite progress, challenges remain, including high installation costs, low awareness, administrative delays, and uneven regional adoption. Early success is evident in urban and semiurban areas, alongside job creation in solar panel production, installation, and maintenance. The program also contributes to reducing carbon emissions, enhancing energy security, and advancing India’s green economy. To maximize its impact, continued policy support, awareness efforts, and capacity building are essential.Keywords: Pradhan Mantri Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana, Rooftop Solar, Renewable Energy, Sustainable Development, Energy Transition, India, Clean Energy Policy","author":[{"family":"Paul","given":"Amrit"},{"family":"Bora","given":"Partha"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21858519","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21858519","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.15230","type":"manuscript","title":"EnergyAgentBench: Benchmarking LLM Agents on Live Energy Infrastructure Data","abstract":"Selecting the right electricity market region for a hyperscale AI datacenter requires reasoning across live electricity prices, grid carbon intensity, technology cost trajectories, and causal grid dynamics -- a multi-step, multi-source analytical task that static knowledge benchmarks cannot evaluate. We introduce EnergyAgentBench, the first agentic benchmark grounded in live electricity market data for this problem class. The benchmark comprises 70 task variants across five families: datacenter siting under cost-carbon trade-offs (F1), long-horizon portfolio siting (F1-LH), lifetime LCOE ranking over multi-decade cost trajectories (F2), 30-year portfolio optimization (F2-LH), and causal grid diagnosis (F3). Tasks require 3 to 48 sequential tool calls against live endpoints from the QuarluxAI infrastructure platform, the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) with ground truth derived from trained XGBoost cost-surface models (R^2 0.967--0.995) and the NREL Annual Technology Baseline 2024. We evaluate nine models across Anthropic, OpenAI, and HuggingFace over 1,414 runs at three random seeds. Claude Sonnet 4.6 achieves the highest overall score (0.900) at one-quarter the cost of Claude Opus 4.7 (0.889). Claude Haiku 4.5 leads on long-horizon procedural siting (0.986), outperforming all frontier models including those costing 16x more per run. F3 Causal is the most discriminating family, with a 30.7-point spread between Sonnet (0.793) and Llama 3.3 70B (0.486), versus a 6.6-point spread on F1 Siting. A failure taxonomy of 135 coded failures identifies null-value integration in NREL ATB trajectories as the dominant failure mode (70%), followed by premature commitment on causal tasks (20%) and adversarial injection blindness (6%). Benchmark code, run trajectories, and the failure taxonomy dataset are publicly released.","author":[{"family":"Curcio","given":"Eliseo"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.48550/arxiv.2605.15230","URL":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.15230","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21709885","type":"article-journal","title":"Energy Shocks, Sovereign Capital Structure, and Impacts on Blue Economy Investment\", \"Managing Sovereign Debt under Energy Shocks: Fiscal Stability and Policy Intervention","abstract":"Global energy shocks have become a significant challenge for governments by increasing fiscal pressure and affecting sovereign debt sustainability. Fluctuations in oil, natural gas, and electricity prices influence inflation, government revenues, public expenditure, and economic growth while limiting investments in the Blue Economy (International Energy Agency [IEA], 2023; International Monetary Fund [IMF], 2024). This chapter examines how effective sovereign debt management and sound fiscal policies can help governments maintain economic stability and support sustainable ocean-based development during periods of energy uncertainty. Energy shocks often require governments to increase spending on fuel subsidies, social protection, and economic recovery measures while facing declining revenues and rising borrowing costs. These conditions widen fiscal deficits and increase public debt, particularly in developing economies with limited fiscal capacity. As a result, investments in marine conservation, offshore renewable energy, sustainable fisheries, port infrastructure, and coastal development are often delayed or reduced (World Bank, 2024; Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD], 2023). The chapter explores the relationship between energy price volatility, sovereign debt, fiscal sustainability, and Blue Economy investment. It reviews policy responses such as fiscal stabilization funds, debt restructuring, renewable energy development, domestic revenue mobilisation, transparent debt governance, and sustainable financing mechanisms. It also highlights the contribution of international financial institutions and climate finance in strengthening fiscal resilience (International Renewable Energy Agency [IRENA], 2023). The chapter concludes that integrating Blue Economy priorities into fiscal and debt management strategies can improve economic resilience and support sustainable development. Through prudent fiscal policies, responsible debt management, and innovative financing approaches, governments can better manage future energy shocks while ensuring long-term fiscal stability and sustainable Blue Economy growth (United Nations, 2015; IMF, 2024)","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21709885","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21709885","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21709886","type":"article-journal","title":"Energy Shocks, Sovereign Capital Structure, and Impacts on Blue Economy Investment\", \"Managing Sovereign Debt under Energy Shocks: Fiscal Stability and Policy Intervention","abstract":"Global energy shocks have become a significant challenge for governments by increasing fiscal pressure and affecting sovereign debt sustainability. Fluctuations in oil, natural gas, and electricity prices influence inflation, government revenues, public expenditure, and economic growth while limiting investments in the Blue Economy (International Energy Agency [IEA], 2023; International Monetary Fund [IMF], 2024). This chapter examines how effective sovereign debt management and sound fiscal policies can help governments maintain economic stability and support sustainable ocean-based development during periods of energy uncertainty. Energy shocks often require governments to increase spending on fuel subsidies, social protection, and economic recovery measures while facing declining revenues and rising borrowing costs. These conditions widen fiscal deficits and increase public debt, particularly in developing economies with limited fiscal capacity. As a result, investments in marine conservation, offshore renewable energy, sustainable fisheries, port infrastructure, and coastal development are often delayed or reduced (World Bank, 2024; Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD], 2023). The chapter explores the relationship between energy price volatility, sovereign debt, fiscal sustainability, and Blue Economy investment. It reviews policy responses such as fiscal stabilization funds, debt restructuring, renewable energy development, domestic revenue mobilisation, transparent debt governance, and sustainable financing mechanisms. It also highlights the contribution of international financial institutions and climate finance in strengthening fiscal resilience (International Renewable Energy Agency [IRENA], 2023). The chapter concludes that integrating Blue Economy priorities into fiscal and debt management strategies can improve economic resilience and support sustainable development. Through prudent fiscal policies, responsible debt management, and innovative financing approaches, governments can better manage future energy shocks while ensuring long-term fiscal stability and sustainable Blue Economy growth (United Nations, 2015; IMF, 2024)","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21709886","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21709886","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.34737/x67qw","type":"article-journal","title":"Towards a New Energy Charter: Re-imagining International Investment Treaties for a Just and Sustainable Energy Transition","abstract":"The EU’s withdrawal from the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) in 2024 marked the end of a European energy project that was first embarked upon in the early 1990s. Despite efforts to modernise the ECT, the treaty is seen as a barrier to climate action and no longer fit for purpose. This thesis looks at what (if any) lessons can be learnt from the failure of the renegotiation process and how these lessons can inform attempts to develop a new, more sustainable international energy charter, that is in line with the goals of the Paris Agreement 2015. The thesis adopts a mixed-method approach, integrating historical analysis, doctrinal legal research, critical socio-legal theory, and empirical case studies to argue that there is a misunderstanding about the original objectives of the European Energy Charter which has fed into judicial interpretations of the ECT. It concludes that there is still a strong case for a multilateral treaty with investment protection provisions that applies specifically to the energy sector. However, in order to adequately address the challenges ahead, the shift towards renewable energy requires a transformation of the energy sector towards a decentralised mode of generation and distribution. This will have far reaching economic, social and environmental consequences. The thesis explores how this process can be adequately embedded in an international energy governance framework that can benefit both foreign investors as well as local communities by drawing on thinkers such as Habermas, Kuhn and Latour to deconstruct the current dual-actor paradigm of investment law and to achieve a paradigm shift towards a multi-actor approach in which local communities can take an active part. By applying Ostrom’s theories on polycentric governance of common resources to three local energy projects in Germany the thesis highlights the potential links between foreign direct investment and local energy communities. The thesis concludes by recommending a redesign of the corporate investment vehicle to facilitate this multi-actor governance and ensure that investment protection mechanisms, such as Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS), are redesigned to support, rather than hinder, climate action and local value creation.","author":[{"family":"Muth","given":"Daniela"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.34737/x67qw","URL":"https://doi.org/10.34737/x67qw","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21674810","type":"article-journal","title":"Development of Floating Solar Photovoltaics in Greece. A PESTEL Analysis","abstract":"Floating solar photovoltaic systems is an emerging solar energy technology which allows the installation of solar photovoltaic systems on the surface of water bodies instead on the ground and on rooftop of buildings. The technology has several advantages and drawbacks compared to conventional ground-mounted solar photovoltaic systems. There are several floating photovoltaics installed worldwide while the majority of them are located in Asia. Greece has abundant solar energy resources while many solar photovoltaic systems are installed on the ground and on rooftop of buildings with total nominal power at 9,690 MWp in 2024. Nowadays there are no installations of solar photovoltaics on the surface of water bodies in Greece. Political, economic, social, technological, environmental and social analysis is a strategic management tool which helps organizations to assess the impacts of external factors in their future development. The current study investigates the possibility of deploying floating solar photovoltaic systems in Greece using the abovementioned analysis. The political, economic, social, technological, environmental and social factors affecting their development have been analyzed. Our results could facilitate the promotion of this emerging benign energy technology in the country. The findings could be useful to policy makers, local authorities, water management authorities and solar energy companies which are involved in the development of renewable energy systems generating green electricity in the country.","author":[{"family":"John","given":"Vourdoubas"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21674810","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21674810","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21674811","type":"article-journal","title":"Development of Floating Solar Photovoltaics in Greece. A PESTEL Analysis","abstract":"Floating solar photovoltaic systems is an emerging solar energy technology which allows the installation of solar photovoltaic systems on the surface of water bodies instead on the ground and on rooftop of buildings. The technology has several advantages and drawbacks compared to conventional ground-mounted solar photovoltaic systems. There are several floating photovoltaics installed worldwide while the majority of them are located in Asia. Greece has abundant solar energy resources while many solar photovoltaic systems are installed on the ground and on rooftop of buildings with total nominal power at 9,690 MWp in 2024. Nowadays there are no installations of solar photovoltaics on the surface of water bodies in Greece. Political, economic, social, technological, environmental and social analysis is a strategic management tool which helps organizations to assess the impacts of external factors in their future development. The current study investigates the possibility of deploying floating solar photovoltaic systems in Greece using the abovementioned analysis. The political, economic, social, technological, environmental and social factors affecting their development have been analyzed. Our results could facilitate the promotion of this emerging benign energy technology in the country. The findings could be useful to policy makers, local authorities, water management authorities and solar energy companies which are involved in the development of renewable energy systems generating green electricity in the country.","author":[{"family":"John","given":"Vourdoubas"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21674811","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21674811","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.17632/ggr5v47vkj.1","type":"article-journal","title":"PLEXOS models, FIRM inputs, data workbooks, and figure data for NEM case study on replacing gas with pumped hydro","abstract":"Scope: PLEXOS and FIRM models for case study cover the Australian National Electricity Market (NEM). Initial capacity based on 2024 ISP Model developed by the Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO). Capacity expansion target financial year of 2051-52. Details of study: The 2024 ISP Model developed by AEMO was modified and investigated to identify modelling decisions that bias results towards investing in gas-powered generators. Outdated pumped hydro assumptions, temporal aggregation methods based on typical periods, and a focus on global optimal solutions (rather than near-optimal solution spaces) were found to bias grid configurations towards relying on gas-powered generators to balance solar and wind. Improved pumped hydro assumptions and good quality temporal aggregation techniques were used to find 100% renewable electricity systems in the near-optimal space of the gas-dependent systems. The NEM system was replicated in the FIRM model and modelling to generate alternatives (MGA) was used to generate a large number of near-optimal grid configurations for the 2051-52 target year. Methods: PLEXOS models require a license to the commercial PLEXOS software developed by Energy Exemplar. Annual results from the PLEXOS models are stored in the XLSX files in this datapack and do not require a license to access. The FIRM model is open-source and accessible through the following GitHub link: https://github.com/TimWeberRE100/firm_ce","author":[{"family":"Weber","given":"Timothy"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.17632/ggr5v47vkj.1","URL":"https://doi.org/10.17632/ggr5v47vkj.1","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.17632/ggr5v47vkj","type":"article-journal","title":"PLEXOS models, FIRM inputs, data workbooks, and figure data for NEM case study on replacing gas with pumped hydro","abstract":"Scope: PLEXOS and FIRM models for case study cover the Australian National Electricity Market (NEM). Initial capacity based on 2024 ISP Model developed by the Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO). Capacity expansion target financial year of 2051-52. Details of study: The 2024 ISP Model developed by AEMO was modified and investigated to identify modelling decisions that bias results towards investing in gas-powered generators. Outdated pumped hydro assumptions, temporal aggregation methods based on typical periods, and a focus on global optimal solutions (rather than near-optimal solution spaces) were found to bias grid configurations towards relying on gas-powered generators to balance solar and wind. Improved pumped hydro assumptions and good quality temporal aggregation techniques were used to find 100% renewable electricity systems in the near-optimal space of the gas-dependent systems. The NEM system was replicated in the FIRM model and modelling to generate alternatives (MGA) was used to generate a large number of near-optimal grid configurations for the 2051-52 target year. Methods: PLEXOS models require a license to the commercial PLEXOS software developed by Energy Exemplar. Annual results from the PLEXOS models are stored in the XLSX files in this datapack and do not require a license to access. The FIRM model is open-source and accessible through the following GitHub link: https://github.com/TimWeberRE100/firm_ce","author":[{"family":"Weber","given":"Timothy"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.17632/ggr5v47vkj","URL":"https://doi.org/10.17632/ggr5v47vkj","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21388894","type":"article-journal","title":"МОДЕЛИ ПАРТНЕРСТВА ГОСУДАРСТВА И БИЗНЕСА В РАЗВИТИИ  ЗЕЛЕНОЙ ЭКОНОМИКЕ В УЗБЕКИСТАНЕ","abstract":"В статье рассматриваются модели партнерства государства и бизнеса в развитии зеленой экономики в Узбекистане. Анализируются ключевые механизмы взаимодействия государственного и частного секторов, включая государственно-частное партнерство, концессионные соглашения, инвестиционные программы, экологические налоги и льготы, а также «зеленое» финансирование. Особое внимание уделяется нормативно-правовой базе, институциональным условиям и международному опыту, адаптируемому к национальным условиям. Рассматриваются успешные кейсы внедрения устойчивых технологий в энергетике, промышленности, сельском хозяйстве и других секторах. Выявлены основные барьеры и риски, влияющие на эффективность партнерства, а также предложены рекомендации по их устранению для достижения целей устойчивого развития.","author":[{"family":"Акрамовна","given":"Нематова"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21388894","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21388894","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21388895","type":"article-journal","title":"МОДЕЛИ ПАРТНЕРСТВА ГОСУДАРСТВА И БИЗНЕСА В РАЗВИТИИ  ЗЕЛЕНОЙ ЭКОНОМИКЕ В УЗБЕКИСТАНЕ","abstract":"В статье рассматриваются модели партнерства государства и бизнеса в развитии зеленой экономики в Узбекистане. Анализируются ключевые механизмы взаимодействия государственного и частного секторов, включая государственно-частное партнерство, концессионные соглашения, инвестиционные программы, экологические налоги и льготы, а также «зеленое» финансирование. Особое внимание уделяется нормативно-правовой базе, институциональным условиям и международному опыту, адаптируемому к национальным условиям. Рассматриваются успешные кейсы внедрения устойчивых технологий в энергетике, промышленности, сельском хозяйстве и других секторах. Выявлены основные барьеры и риски, влияющие на эффективность партнерства, а также предложены рекомендации по их устранению для достижения целей устойчивого развития.","author":[{"family":"Акрамовна","given":"Нематова"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21388895","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21388895","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21235300","type":"article-journal","title":"India's Approach to Sustainable Development","abstract":"India's approach to sustainable development represents a comprehensive effort to achieve economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental protection in a balanced manner. As one of the world's fastest-growing economies and the most populous nation, India faces the dual challenge of sustaining rapid economic development while ensuring the conservation of natural resources for future generations. Sustainable development has become a central component of India's national development agenda, particularly after the adoption of the global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015. The country has integrated sustainability into its planning processes through constitutional provisions, national policies, environmental legislation, and flagship government programmes. India's development strategy recognizes that poverty eradication, employment generation, environmental conservation, and social justice are interconnected objectives. Various initiatives, such as the National Action Plan on Climate Change, Swachh Bharat Mission, Jal Jeevan Mission, Namami Gange Programme, National Solar Mission, Green India Mission, and Digital India, demonstrate the government's commitment to achieving inclusive and environmentally responsible development. Furthermore, India's increasing investment in renewable energy, particularly solar and wind power, reflects its determination to reduce greenhouse gas emissions while meeting growing energy demands. Despite significant progress, India continues to face numerous challenges, including rapid urbanisation, environmental degradation, climate change, biodiversity loss, water scarcity, air pollution, waste management issues, and socio-economic inequalities. Population growth and increasing resource consumption further complicate the implementation of sustainable development policies. Addressing these challenges requires stronger institutional coordination, technological innovation, effective governance, public participation, and international cooperation. India's approach emphasizes the principle of \"development without destruction,\" seeking to balance industrialization with environmental conservation and social welfare. Community participation, decentralized governance, women's empowerment, sustainable agriculture, clean energy, and responsible consumption are increasingly recognized as essential components of long-term sustainability. The country's commitment to achieving net-zero emissions by 2070 and expanding renewable energy capacity further demonstrates its proactive role in global climate governance. The study examines India's multidimensional approach to sustainable development by analyzing its policy framework, institutional mechanisms, government initiatives, achievements, challenges, and future prospects. It highlights that sustainable development is not merely an environmental objective but an integrated development paradigm requiring coordinated action across economic, social, political, and ecological dimensions. The study concludes that while India has made remarkable progress toward sustainable development, continued policy innovation, effective implementation, citizen participation, and sustainable resource management remain essential for achieving long-term inclusive and resilient growth.","author":[{"family":"Das","given":"Ranjan"},{"family":"Singh","given":"Dr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21235300","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21235300","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20757656","type":"article-journal","title":"Study of Light Absorption and Energy Conversion in Solar Cells","abstract":"Solar cells have emerged as one of the most promising renewable energy technologies for addressing global energy demands and reducing dependence on fossil fuels. The performance of solar cells largely depends on their ability to absorb sunlight efficiently and convert solar energy into electrical energy through photovoltaic processes. The present study investigates the light absorption characteristics and energy conversion mechanisms in solar cells using a comprehensive analytical and review-based approach. The study focuses on optical absorption, charge carrier generation, energy conversion efficiency, light-trapping mechanisms, semiconductor materials, and technological advancements in photovoltaic systems. The findings indicate that light absorption efficiency significantly influences solar cell performance by determining the number of charge carriers generated within the active semiconductor layer. Advanced photovoltaic materials such as silicon, thin-film semiconductors, perovskites, and quantum-dot-based systems demonstrate improved absorption characteristics and enhanced energy conversion efficiency. Modern light-trapping structures, nanophotonic engineering, and plasmonic enhancement techniques further improve solar energy harvesting by increasing optical confinement and reducing reflective losses. The study highlights the importance of optimising light absorption and charge transport processes for developing high-efficiency and sustainable solar energy technologies. Recent research demonstrates that advanced light-trapping architectures can substantially improve broadband absorption and photovoltaic performance.","author":[{"family":"Chetan","given":"Dr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20757656","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20757656","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20757657","type":"article-journal","title":"Study of Light Absorption and Energy Conversion in Solar Cells","abstract":"Solar cells have emerged as one of the most promising renewable energy technologies for addressing global energy demands and reducing dependence on fossil fuels. The performance of solar cells largely depends on their ability to absorb sunlight efficiently and convert solar energy into electrical energy through photovoltaic processes. The present study investigates the light absorption characteristics and energy conversion mechanisms in solar cells using a comprehensive analytical and review-based approach. The study focuses on optical absorption, charge carrier generation, energy conversion efficiency, light-trapping mechanisms, semiconductor materials, and technological advancements in photovoltaic systems. The findings indicate that light absorption efficiency significantly influences solar cell performance by determining the number of charge carriers generated within the active semiconductor layer. Advanced photovoltaic materials such as silicon, thin-film semiconductors, perovskites, and quantum-dot-based systems demonstrate improved absorption characteristics and enhanced energy conversion efficiency. Modern light-trapping structures, nanophotonic engineering, and plasmonic enhancement techniques further improve solar energy harvesting by increasing optical confinement and reducing reflective losses. The study highlights the importance of optimising light absorption and charge transport processes for developing high-efficiency and sustainable solar energy technologies. Recent research demonstrates that advanced light-trapping architectures can substantially improve broadband absorption and photovoltaic performance.","author":[{"family":"Chetan","given":"Dr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20757657","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20757657","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20323128","type":"article-journal","title":"A Comparative Study of Environmental Justice in the East and West: A Multi-Dimensional Analysis of Norms, Political Economy, and Governance","abstract":"Against the backdrop of an accelerating global environmental crisis, the concept of \"environmental justice\" has evolved from a grassroots activist slogan into a central theme in international politics and public policy. However, a significant chasm persists between Eastern and Western societies in the conceptualization, attribution of responsibility, and policy implementation of environmental justice. This divergence is increasingly magnified in climate diplomacy, supply chain governance, and the politics of standards-setting. This article adopts a comparative perspective, integrating three analytical lenses—normative ethics, political economy, and governance institutions—to critically examine the tensions and potential compatibilities between the prevailing Western narrative of \"historical responsibility and capability\" and the East Asian, particularly Chinese, emphasis on the \"right to development, stage-based differentiation, and state capacity.\" The analysis reveals that contemporary debates on environmental justice are not merely moral contests but are deeply enmeshed in the politics of emissions accounting (production vs. consumption), the systemic transfer of environmental costs through the global division of labor, the politicization of technology and standards, and the differential impacts of policy instruments such as ESG, carbon border mechanisms, and renewable energy transitions. The article concludes that transcending the East-West binary to forge a viable global environmental governance mechanism requires simultaneously addressing the legitimacy of responsibility allocation, the equitable distribution of transition costs, and the procedural rights of communities affected by these policies. Only by operationalizing the principle of \"common but differentiated responsibilities\" into tangible institutional arrangements can a sustainable and just global environmental future be achieved.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20323128","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20323128","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20323129","type":"article-journal","title":"A Comparative Study of Environmental Justice in the East and West: A Multi-Dimensional Analysis of Norms, Political Economy, and Governance","abstract":"Against the backdrop of an accelerating global environmental crisis, the concept of \"environmental justice\" has evolved from a grassroots activist slogan into a central theme in international politics and public policy. However, a significant chasm persists between Eastern and Western societies in the conceptualization, attribution of responsibility, and policy implementation of environmental justice. This divergence is increasingly magnified in climate diplomacy, supply chain governance, and the politics of standards-setting. This article adopts a comparative perspective, integrating three analytical lenses—normative ethics, political economy, and governance institutions—to critically examine the tensions and potential compatibilities between the prevailing Western narrative of \"historical responsibility and capability\" and the East Asian, particularly Chinese, emphasis on the \"right to development, stage-based differentiation, and state capacity.\" The analysis reveals that contemporary debates on environmental justice are not merely moral contests but are deeply enmeshed in the politics of emissions accounting (production vs. consumption), the systemic transfer of environmental costs through the global division of labor, the politicization of technology and standards, and the differential impacts of policy instruments such as ESG, carbon border mechanisms, and renewable energy transitions. The article concludes that transcending the East-West binary to forge a viable global environmental governance mechanism requires simultaneously addressing the legitimacy of responsibility allocation, the equitable distribution of transition costs, and the procedural rights of communities affected by these policies. Only by operationalizing the principle of \"common but differentiated responsibilities\" into tangible institutional arrangements can a sustainable and just global environmental future be achieved.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20323129","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20323129","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21336156","type":"article-journal","title":"Bioenergy and Sustainable Development","abstract":"Bioenergy has emerged as an important component of sustainable development due to its potential to provide renewable energy, reduce dependence on fossil fuels, and support environmental conservation. Derived from organic materials such as agricultural residues, forestry waste, animal manure, and energy crops, bioenergy contributes to cleaner energy production while promoting rural development and employment opportunities. It plays a significant role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing energy security, particularly in developing countries. The integration of bioenergy into national energy strategies can support economic growth, social well-being, and environmental sustainability. However, challenges such as land-use competition, biodiversity impacts, and sustainable biomass management must be addressed to ensure long-term benefits. This study highlights the relationship between bioenergy and sustainable development, emphasizing its contribution to achieving sustainable energy access, climate change mitigation, and inclusive economic development. The findings suggest that sustainable bioenergy practices can significantly contribute to the attainment of global sustainable development goals.","author":[{"family":"Ghadsing","given":"Premnanda"},{"family":"Dandade","given":"Pratibha"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21336156","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21336156","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21336157","type":"article-journal","title":"Bioenergy and Sustainable Development","abstract":"Bioenergy has emerged as an important component of sustainable development due to its potential to provide renewable energy, reduce dependence on fossil fuels, and support environmental conservation. Derived from organic materials such as agricultural residues, forestry waste, animal manure, and energy crops, bioenergy contributes to cleaner energy production while promoting rural development and employment opportunities. It plays a significant role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing energy security, particularly in developing countries. The integration of bioenergy into national energy strategies can support economic growth, social well-being, and environmental sustainability. However, challenges such as land-use competition, biodiversity impacts, and sustainable biomass management must be addressed to ensure long-term benefits. This study highlights the relationship between bioenergy and sustainable development, emphasizing its contribution to achieving sustainable energy access, climate change mitigation, and inclusive economic development. The findings suggest that sustainable bioenergy practices can significantly contribute to the attainment of global sustainable development goals.","author":[{"family":"Ghadsing","given":"Premnanda"},{"family":"Dandade","given":"Pratibha"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21336157","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21336157","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21587681","type":"article-journal","title":"ESG Integration in Investment Portfolios: Opportunities, Challenges, and Pathways to Sustainable Finance","abstract":"Abstract Sustainable finance has become central to modern investment strategies as investors increasingly incorporate Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors to balance financial returns with long-term societal and environmental benefits. This study explores ESG integration in investment portfolios, examining its conceptual foundations, integration methodologies, real-world applications, opportunities, and persistent challenges such as data inconsistencies and greenwashing. Drawing on secondary sources including academic literature, industry reports, and company case studies, the analysis reveals that ESG-conscious portfolios often demonstrate enhanced risk management and resilience, though empirical evidence on outperformance remains mixed across periods and methodologies. Notable examples include Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) in India, which has achieved strong ESG ratings through renewable energy adoption and employee welfare initiatives, and Tesla Inc., which drives environmental innovation via electric vehicles despite governance controversies. The findings underscore ESG's role in identifying material risks and fostering innovation, while highlighting the need for standardized reporting and regulatory oversight. Ultimately, effective ESG integration supports sustainable economic growth without necessarily sacrificing returns, positioning it as a vital tool for responsible investing in an era of climate and social imperatives.","author":[{"family":"Potwade","given":"Nikita"},{"family":"Dabhade","given":"Milind"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21587681","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21587681","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21587682","type":"article-journal","title":"ESG Integration in Investment Portfolios: Opportunities, Challenges, and Pathways to Sustainable Finance","abstract":"Abstract Sustainable finance has become central to modern investment strategies as investors increasingly incorporate Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors to balance financial returns with long-term societal and environmental benefits. This study explores ESG integration in investment portfolios, examining its conceptual foundations, integration methodologies, real-world applications, opportunities, and persistent challenges such as data inconsistencies and greenwashing. Drawing on secondary sources including academic literature, industry reports, and company case studies, the analysis reveals that ESG-conscious portfolios often demonstrate enhanced risk management and resilience, though empirical evidence on outperformance remains mixed across periods and methodologies. Notable examples include Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) in India, which has achieved strong ESG ratings through renewable energy adoption and employee welfare initiatives, and Tesla Inc., which drives environmental innovation via electric vehicles despite governance controversies. The findings underscore ESG's role in identifying material risks and fostering innovation, while highlighting the need for standardized reporting and regulatory oversight. Ultimately, effective ESG integration supports sustainable economic growth without necessarily sacrificing returns, positioning it as a vital tool for responsible investing in an era of climate and social imperatives.","author":[{"family":"Potwade","given":"Nikita"},{"family":"Dabhade","given":"Milind"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21587682","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21587682","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21579733","type":"article-journal","title":"The Role of Indigenous Knowledge in Promoting Environmental Sustainability","abstract":"Environmental sustainability refers to the ability to maintain a healthy ecological balance on our planet and conserve natural resources to support the well-being of both current and future generations. In 1987, the United Nations Brundtland Commission defined sustainability as \"meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.\" Today, nearly 140 developing countries are striving to meet their development needs, but with the increasing threat of climate change, urgent efforts are required to ensure that present-day development does not negatively impact future generations. Sustainable development plays a crucial role in addressing climate change. India is actively working to reduce its reliance on fossil fuels and increase its adoption of renewable energy sources. A prime example of this commitment is India's ambitious target to achieve 450 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2030 .","author":[{"family":"Tripathi","given":"Shuchi"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21579733","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21579733","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21579734","type":"article-journal","title":"The Role of Indigenous Knowledge in Promoting Environmental Sustainability","abstract":"Environmental sustainability refers to the ability to maintain a healthy ecological balance on our planet and conserve natural resources to support the well-being of both current and future generations. In 1987, the United Nations Brundtland Commission defined sustainability as \"meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.\" Today, nearly 140 developing countries are striving to meet their development needs, but with the increasing threat of climate change, urgent efforts are required to ensure that present-day development does not negatively impact future generations. Sustainable development plays a crucial role in addressing climate change. India is actively working to reduce its reliance on fossil fuels and increase its adoption of renewable energy sources. A prime example of this commitment is India's ambitious target to achieve 450 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2030 .","author":[{"family":"Tripathi","given":"Shuchi"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21579734","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21579734","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21817755","type":"article-journal","title":"The Intersection of Green Economy and Rural Development in India","abstract":"Abstract The green economy provides a pathway to sustainable and inclusive growth by integrating environmental responsibility with economic development. In India, rural regions form the backbone of the economy, contributing roughly 46% of net domestic product through agriculture and allied activities, yet they remain burdened by poverty, unemployment, and ecological degradation. This paper examines the role of green economy initiatives in rural development, with a focus on four key dimensions: sustainable agriculture, decentralized renewable energy, green employment, and social equity. Drawing on mixed‑methods evidence from 10 villages across Maharashtra, Kerala, and Uttar Pradesh, the study uses quantitative indicators and structured analysis to assess the impacts of organic farming, solar microgrids, biogas units, and green‑job programmes on household income, energy expenditure, employment, women’s participation, and migration. Findings indicate that renewable energy adoption—such as solar microgrids and solar irrigation pumps in Maharashtra’s villages—reduces average household energy costs by up to 40%, while organic farming improves crop yields by 20–30% and raises farm incomes by a comparable margin. Green‑employment initiatives generate new opportunities for rural youth and women, strengthening local labour markets and reducing the need for distress migration. Women’s participation in green projects has increased by around 35%, enhancing their financial independence, decision‑making power, and contributions to community resilience. Migration rates have declined by approximately 25% in villages where green‑economy interventions are implemented, suggesting that local green‑employment opportunities can help stabilize rural populations. Despite persistent challenges such as limited financing, skill shortages, and uneven policy implementation, the evidence points to a clear pathway: when green‑economy principles are systematically embedded in rural‑development policies, they can accelerate India’s transition toward sustainability, strengthen economic resilience, and uplift marginalized communities.","author":[{"family":"Sarika Sakharam","given":"Dhonage"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21817755","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21817755","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21817756","type":"article-journal","title":"The Intersection of Green Economy and Rural Development in India","abstract":"Abstract The green economy provides a pathway to sustainable and inclusive growth by integrating environmental responsibility with economic development. In India, rural regions form the backbone of the economy, contributing roughly 46% of net domestic product through agriculture and allied activities, yet they remain burdened by poverty, unemployment, and ecological degradation. This paper examines the role of green economy initiatives in rural development, with a focus on four key dimensions: sustainable agriculture, decentralized renewable energy, green employment, and social equity. Drawing on mixed‑methods evidence from 10 villages across Maharashtra, Kerala, and Uttar Pradesh, the study uses quantitative indicators and structured analysis to assess the impacts of organic farming, solar microgrids, biogas units, and green‑job programmes on household income, energy expenditure, employment, women’s participation, and migration. Findings indicate that renewable energy adoption—such as solar microgrids and solar irrigation pumps in Maharashtra’s villages—reduces average household energy costs by up to 40%, while organic farming improves crop yields by 20–30% and raises farm incomes by a comparable margin. Green‑employment initiatives generate new opportunities for rural youth and women, strengthening local labour markets and reducing the need for distress migration. Women’s participation in green projects has increased by around 35%, enhancing their financial independence, decision‑making power, and contributions to community resilience. Migration rates have declined by approximately 25% in villages where green‑economy interventions are implemented, suggesting that local green‑employment opportunities can help stabilize rural populations. Despite persistent challenges such as limited financing, skill shortages, and uneven policy implementation, the evidence points to a clear pathway: when green‑economy principles are systematically embedded in rural‑development policies, they can accelerate India’s transition toward sustainability, strengthen economic resilience, and uplift marginalized communities.","author":[{"family":"Sarika Sakharam","given":"Dhonage"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21817756","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21817756","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21578933","type":"article-journal","title":"Smart Village Planning: Towards Sustainable Rural Transformation","abstract":"The concept of smart villages is gaining prominence as a forward-thinking strategy to address persistent rural development challenges in the 21st century. Unlike the technology-heavy and urban-centric \"smart city\" paradigm, smart village planning places rural communities at the center of development, focusing on sustainability, inclusivity, and localized innovation. This approach emphasizes the integration of digital infrastructure, renewable energy, resource efficiency, and community-led governance models to create self-reliant and resilient rural ecosystems. This paper explores both the theoretical foundations and practical applications of smart village planning, analyzing its potential to transform rural life through improvements in education, healthcare, e-governance, digital connectivity, sustainable agriculture, and clean energy adoption. A key argument is that while technological advancement is essential, it must be carefully aligned with social inclusivity and cultural sensitivity to ensure that rural populations are active participants in, and beneficiaries of, this transition. By examining global best practices and evaluating their local adaptability, the study underscores the importance of interdisciplinary planning and stakeholder engagement, especially in the Indian context. It also identifies critical gaps in current models, such as high implementation costs, limited scalability, inadequate digital literacy, and the lack of capacity building mechanisms at the grassroots level. Importantly, the paper advocates for a model that blends advanced technologies with traditional knowledge systems, recognizing the strengths and wisdom embedded within rural communities. This balanced approach can not only enhance livelihood opportunities and reduce rural-to-urban migration pressures, but also significantly contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and national development targets. In conclusion, smart village planning represents a holistic, inclusive, and sustainable vision for reimagining rural India not merely as passive beneficiaries of development, but as active drivers of innovation and change.","author":[{"family":"Kumar","given":"Shrawan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21578933","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21578933","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21578934","type":"article-journal","title":"Smart Village Planning: Towards Sustainable Rural Transformation","abstract":"The concept of smart villages is gaining prominence as a forward-thinking strategy to address persistent rural development challenges in the 21st century. Unlike the technology-heavy and urban-centric \"smart city\" paradigm, smart village planning places rural communities at the center of development, focusing on sustainability, inclusivity, and localized innovation. This approach emphasizes the integration of digital infrastructure, renewable energy, resource efficiency, and community-led governance models to create self-reliant and resilient rural ecosystems. This paper explores both the theoretical foundations and practical applications of smart village planning, analyzing its potential to transform rural life through improvements in education, healthcare, e-governance, digital connectivity, sustainable agriculture, and clean energy adoption. A key argument is that while technological advancement is essential, it must be carefully aligned with social inclusivity and cultural sensitivity to ensure that rural populations are active participants in, and beneficiaries of, this transition. By examining global best practices and evaluating their local adaptability, the study underscores the importance of interdisciplinary planning and stakeholder engagement, especially in the Indian context. It also identifies critical gaps in current models, such as high implementation costs, limited scalability, inadequate digital literacy, and the lack of capacity building mechanisms at the grassroots level. Importantly, the paper advocates for a model that blends advanced technologies with traditional knowledge systems, recognizing the strengths and wisdom embedded within rural communities. This balanced approach can not only enhance livelihood opportunities and reduce rural-to-urban migration pressures, but also significantly contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and national development targets. In conclusion, smart village planning represents a holistic, inclusive, and sustainable vision for reimagining rural India not merely as passive beneficiaries of development, but as active drivers of innovation and change.","author":[{"family":"Kumar","given":"Shrawan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21578934","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21578934","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21818713","type":"article-journal","title":"A Sustainable Economic Growth in India","abstract":"Abstract As of the 2025–26 Economic Survey, India has emerged as the fastest-growing major economy, with a projected GDP expansion of 7.4%. The GOV of India is focusing more on quality structural growth instead of just the numbers at the cost of environment. The distinctive feature of the 2026 fiscal year is the structural shift toward \"Quality of Growth.\" This paper analyzes the shift of the structure of sustainable growth of India. India’s sustainability model is increasingly defined by innovation and supported by green manufacturing. Sustainable economic growth in India is driven by rapid industrialization, renewable energy investment, and digital transformation, while maintaining the balance of GDP growth with environmental, social, and economic goals. The Key strategies include enhancing green energy (solar and wind), bolstering financial inclusion, and promoting innovation via initiatives like Digital India, while addressing challenges in environmental pollution, poverty, and equitable development","author":[{"family":"Gaikwad","given":"Archana"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21818713","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21818713","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21818714","type":"article-journal","title":"A Sustainable Economic Growth in India","abstract":"Abstract As of the 2025–26 Economic Survey, India has emerged as the fastest-growing major economy, with a projected GDP expansion of 7.4%. The GOV of India is focusing more on quality structural growth instead of just the numbers at the cost of environment. The distinctive feature of the 2026 fiscal year is the structural shift toward \"Quality of Growth.\" This paper analyzes the shift of the structure of sustainable growth of India. India’s sustainability model is increasingly defined by innovation and supported by green manufacturing. Sustainable economic growth in India is driven by rapid industrialization, renewable energy investment, and digital transformation, while maintaining the balance of GDP growth with environmental, social, and economic goals. The Key strategies include enhancing green energy (solar and wind), bolstering financial inclusion, and promoting innovation via initiatives like Digital India, while addressing challenges in environmental pollution, poverty, and equitable development","author":[{"family":"Gaikwad","given":"Archana"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21818714","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21818714","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20199545","type":"article-journal","title":"Indian Policy Pathways to Clean Energy Transition","abstract":"India’s accelerating economic expansion, coupled with rising energy consumption, makes a planned shift from fossil fuel dependence to renewable energy sources essential. This paper examines India’s clean energy transition architecture, focusing on policy pathways that integrate renewable energy to strengthen energy security and promote sustainable economic development. By analysing existing renewable energy policies, investment structures and implementation barriers, the study finds that India has made substantial progress, achieving 217.62 GW of non-fossil fuel capacity by January 2025—an increase of approximately 396% since 2014. Major initiatives such as the National Green Hydrogen Mission, the PM Surya Ghar scheme and various state-led programs reflect the country’s commitment to reaching 500 GW of renewable capacity by 2030. Despite these advancements, key challenges remain, including financing constraints, grid integration complexities and coordination gaps between central and state authorities. The artice also offers policy suggestions, including improved feed-in tariff systems, adoption of innovative financing models and reinforcement of institutional mechanisms. Overall, the findings indicate that India’s integrated strategy—blending technological progress with supportive policy measures—positions it as an emerging global leader in clean energy transition while addressing vital concerns of energy security.","author":[{"family":"Yadav","given":"Muneshwar"},{"family":"Kumar","given":"Sonelal"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20199545","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20199545","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20199546","type":"article-journal","title":"Indian Policy Pathways to Clean Energy Transition","abstract":"India’s accelerating economic expansion, coupled with rising energy consumption, makes a planned shift from fossil fuel dependence to renewable energy sources essential. This paper examines India’s clean energy transition architecture, focusing on policy pathways that integrate renewable energy to strengthen energy security and promote sustainable economic development. By analysing existing renewable energy policies, investment structures and implementation barriers, the study finds that India has made substantial progress, achieving 217.62 GW of non-fossil fuel capacity by January 2025—an increase of approximately 396% since 2014. Major initiatives such as the National Green Hydrogen Mission, the PM Surya Ghar scheme and various state-led programs reflect the country’s commitment to reaching 500 GW of renewable capacity by 2030. Despite these advancements, key challenges remain, including financing constraints, grid integration complexities and coordination gaps between central and state authorities. The artice also offers policy suggestions, including improved feed-in tariff systems, adoption of innovative financing models and reinforcement of institutional mechanisms. Overall, the findings indicate that India’s integrated strategy—blending technological progress with supportive policy measures—positions it as an emerging global leader in clean energy transition while addressing vital concerns of energy security.","author":[{"family":"Yadav","given":"Muneshwar"},{"family":"Kumar","given":"Sonelal"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20199546","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20199546","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19431536","type":"article-journal","title":"Offshore Green Hydrogen Production on the Dutch Continental Shelf: Techno-Economic Feasibility Assessment (2025–2050)","abstract":"The rapid expansion of offshore wind capacity in the Netherlands and across the North Sea is creating structural challenges for onshore electricity grids, while simultaneously offering an opportunity to produce renewable hydrogen offshore as an alternative energy transport vector. Offshore hydrogen production has the potential to relieve grid congestion, reuse existing offshore infrastructure, and support decarbonisation of hard-to-abate industrial sectors. However, its economic feasibility remains uncertain due to high capital intensity, policy dependence, and uncertainty in future electricity prices, technology costs, and utilisation regimes. This dissertation develops a replicable techno-economic decision-support framework to assess the feasibility of offshore green hydrogen production on the Dutch Continental Shelf over the period 2025–2050. A bottom-up levelised cost of hydrogen (LCOH) model is constructed and calibrated to Dutch offshore conditions, including wind resources, water depth, distance to shore, and existing oil and gas infrastructure. Three internally consistent scenarios (Conservative, Baseline, Optimistic) are analysed to capture plausible technology and market trajectories. Uncertainty is treated explicitly through one-at-a-time sensitivity analysis, Monte Carlo simulation, and break-even threshold analysis. Results are further integrated into a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) framework comparing offshore hydrogen pathways with alternative decarbonisation options. Under baseline assumptions, the analysis demonstrates a 52% probability of achieving €2.0/kg LCOH by 2040, with outcomes highly sensitive to electricity price and capacity factor assumptions. Infrastructure repurposing provides substantial near-term economic and strategic advantage. The dissertation does not provide forecasts. However, it delivers a transparent and auditable framework for decision-making under uncertainty. The baseline Monte Carlo analysis assumes statistical independence between input variables. Correlated inputs are examined exclusively as part of a dedicated sensitivity analysis using the Iman– Conover method.","author":[{"family":"Reuderink","given":"Pim"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19431536","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19431536","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19431537","type":"article-journal","title":"Offshore Green Hydrogen Production on the Dutch Continental Shelf: Techno-Economic Feasibility Assessment (2025–2050)","abstract":"The rapid expansion of offshore wind capacity in the Netherlands and across the North Sea is creating structural challenges for onshore electricity grids, while simultaneously offering an opportunity to produce renewable hydrogen offshore as an alternative energy transport vector. Offshore hydrogen production has the potential to relieve grid congestion, reuse existing offshore infrastructure, and support decarbonisation of hard-to-abate industrial sectors. However, its economic feasibility remains uncertain due to high capital intensity, policy dependence, and uncertainty in future electricity prices, technology costs, and utilisation regimes. This dissertation develops a replicable techno-economic decision-support framework to assess the feasibility of offshore green hydrogen production on the Dutch Continental Shelf over the period 2025–2050. A bottom-up levelised cost of hydrogen (LCOH) model is constructed and calibrated to Dutch offshore conditions, including wind resources, water depth, distance to shore, and existing oil and gas infrastructure. Three internally consistent scenarios (Conservative, Baseline, Optimistic) are analysed to capture plausible technology and market trajectories. Uncertainty is treated explicitly through one-at-a-time sensitivity analysis, Monte Carlo simulation, and break-even threshold analysis. Results are further integrated into a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) framework comparing offshore hydrogen pathways with alternative decarbonisation options. Under baseline assumptions, the analysis demonstrates a 52% probability of achieving €2.0/kg LCOH by 2040, with outcomes highly sensitive to electricity price and capacity factor assumptions. Infrastructure repurposing provides substantial near-term economic and strategic advantage. The dissertation does not provide forecasts. However, it delivers a transparent and auditable framework for decision-making under uncertainty. The baseline Monte Carlo analysis assumes statistical independence between input variables. Correlated inputs are examined exclusively as part of a dedicated sensitivity analysis using the Iman– Conover method.","author":[{"family":"Reuderink","given":"Pim"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19431537","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19431537","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20068874","type":"article-journal","title":"Hybrid Solar–Hydrogen Microgrid with PEM Electrolyzer Storage and Adaptive EMS for Off-Grid Rural Electrification","abstract":"Sub-Saharan Africa hosts more than 570 million people without reliable access to electricity, with rural communities in mountainous terrain — such as Rwanda's Eastern Province — facing prohibitive grid-extension economics that average above 8,500 USD per kilometre of medium-voltage line. While solar photovoltaic (PV) systems coupled with lithium-ion battery storage have become the de-facto standard for off-grid electrification, battery-only architectures suffer from severe seasonal mismatch in equatorial climates where the long rainy season (March–May) produces 4–7 consecutive low-irradiance days that exceed the practical economic sizing of electrochemical storage. This paper presents the design, simulation and field validation of a hybrid solar–hydrogen microgrid that combines a 50 kWp PV array, an 8 kW Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyzer, a 50 Nm³ compressed hydrogen tank, a 5 kW PEM fuel cell, and a 100 kWh lithium-iron-phosphate (LFP) battery, all coordinated by an adaptive Energy Management System (EMS) implemented on an STM32 micro-controller. The system was deployed at a 240-household village in Kayonza District, Rwanda, and benchmarked against five alternative configurations over a 20-year project lifecycle. Field measurements during the May 2025 monsoon period confirmed a Loss of Power Supply Probability (LPSP) of 0.6 %, a renewable energy fraction of 96 %, and a Levelised Cost of Electricity (LCOE) of 0.17 USD/kWh — a 32 % reduction relative to the best PV-battery configuration and a 60 % reduction relative to grid extension.","author":[{"family":"Emmanuel Habimana","given":"Aïcha"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20068874","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20068874","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20068875","type":"article-journal","title":"Hybrid Solar–Hydrogen Microgrid with PEM Electrolyzer Storage and Adaptive EMS for Off-Grid Rural Electrification","abstract":"Sub-Saharan Africa hosts more than 570 million people without reliable access to electricity, with rural communities in mountainous terrain — such as Rwanda's Eastern Province — facing prohibitive grid-extension economics that average above 8,500 USD per kilometre of medium-voltage line. While solar photovoltaic (PV) systems coupled with lithium-ion battery storage have become the de-facto standard for off-grid electrification, battery-only architectures suffer from severe seasonal mismatch in equatorial climates where the long rainy season (March–May) produces 4–7 consecutive low-irradiance days that exceed the practical economic sizing of electrochemical storage. This paper presents the design, simulation and field validation of a hybrid solar–hydrogen microgrid that combines a 50 kWp PV array, an 8 kW Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyzer, a 50 Nm³ compressed hydrogen tank, a 5 kW PEM fuel cell, and a 100 kWh lithium-iron-phosphate (LFP) battery, all coordinated by an adaptive Energy Management System (EMS) implemented on an STM32 micro-controller. The system was deployed at a 240-household village in Kayonza District, Rwanda, and benchmarked against five alternative configurations over a 20-year project lifecycle. Field measurements during the May 2025 monsoon period confirmed a Loss of Power Supply Probability (LPSP) of 0.6 %, a renewable energy fraction of 96 %, and a Levelised Cost of Electricity (LCOE) of 0.17 USD/kWh — a 32 % reduction relative to the best PV-battery configuration and a 60 % reduction relative to grid extension.","author":[{"family":"Emmanuel Habimana","given":"Aïcha"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20068875","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20068875","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.16934140","type":"article-journal","title":"Complete Replacement of Vacuum Energy in the USA Based on the Hamzah Equation: A Seven-Year Scenario for Quantum Energy Independence.","abstract":"All Articles are Available: Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/my-orcid?orcid=0009-0009-3175-8563 Science Open ID: https://www.scienceopen.com/user/2c98a8bc-b8bb-49b3-9c91-2f2986a7e16e Safe Creative register the work titled \"The Theory of Intelligent Evolution, the Hamzah Equation, and the Quantum Civilisation\". Safe Creative registration #2504151474836. ............................................................................................................................. The global energy paradigm of the 21st century is dominated by fossil fuels, nuclear fission, and renewables (solar, wind, hydro). While these sources have enabled industrial growth, they remain limited by resource dependency, ecological damage, and geopolitical vulnerabilities. Fossil fuels pollute and are finite, nuclear energy carries catastrophic risks, and renewable energy is inconsistent due to weather variability. None of these models is capable of sustaining a civilisation transitioning toward quantum-era intelligence, continuous computation, and energy autonomy. The document introduces a revolutionary alternative: the ψ–Ξ Vacuum Energy Infrastructure, grounded in the Hamzah Equation: ∂ψ∂t=Ξ(t,r,ψ)\\frac{\\partial ψ}{\\partial t} = Ξ(t,r,ψ)∂t∂ψ=Ξ(t,r,ψ) Here, ψ(t,r) represents an oscillatory consciousness–energy field, while Ξ(t,r,ψ) is the zero-point coupling function, enabling direct extraction of energy from the vacuum itself. Unlike combustion- or radiation-based systems, the ψ–Ξ framework produces continuous, stable, and limitless energy without material fuel input. This represents the first engineerable model of vacuum energy extraction, validated through theoretical physics, numerical models, and prototype-level tests. Key Features of the ψ–Ξ Infrastructure: ψ–Antennas and Ξ–Resonators — fractal devices tuned to vacuum oscillations, initiating resonance. ψ–Collectors and Quantum Capacitors (Q–Cap) — storage modules stabilising extracted energy. Real-Time Ξ–ψ Monitoring Systems — AI-governed control for national-scale grid management. Consciousness–Shielded Interfaces — protecting operators from decoherence anomalies. ψ–SmartGrid Transmission Backbone — enabling nationwide synchronisation across 50 states. Deployment Model for the USA (2025–2032): Phase 0 (3 months): Knowledge transfer, national labs, specialist training. Phase 1 (6 months): Pilot test in a small state (Vermont, Rhode Island). Phase 2 (18 months): Expansion into 10 diverse climatic states (Arizona, Alaska, Florida, etc.). Phase 3 (24 months): Mass production of ψ–Antennas, Ξ–Resonators, ψ–Collectors. Phase 4 (36 months): Nationwide rollout across all 50 states. By Year 7, the ψ–Ξ system achieves 900 GW capacity, fully replacing current U.S. generation (1,000 GW) at a cost of $630–$890 billion, far below 10-year fossil ($2+ trillion), nuclear ($800B), or solar+grid (~$950B) costs. Strategic Outcomes: Energy Sovereignty: Elimination of reliance on oil, gas, coal, or uranium. Economic Transformation: National ROI exceeding 39% annually; full payback within 3 years. Job Creation: 87,000 direct jobs, 230,000 indirect, plus large-scale technical upskilling. Ecological Restoration: Zero emissions, no mining or drilling, reversible impact on biodiversity. Geopolitical Shift: U.S. leadership in ψ–Civilisation; weakening of oil-export economies. Transport Revolution: ψ–Drive modules retrofit 300M+ vehicles (cars, trucks, ships, planes) without replacing engines, at ~$275B. Broader Civilisational Impact Beyond energy, ψ–Ξ opens the door to resonance-based civilisation: Education: from information transfer to resonance literacy. Politics: from coercive power to oscillatory synchronisation. Anthropology: redefining humans as quantum-conscious beings. Culture: art and media aligned with fractal–harmonic archetypes. The ψ–Ξ model signals the end of the Fossil Empire and the dawn of a Post-Fuel Civilisation, where America becomes the first to operationalise limitless vacuum energy through the Hamza","author":[{"family":"Jalali","given":"Seyed"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.16934140","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16934140","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.16934141","type":"article-journal","title":"Complete Replacement of Vacuum Energy in the USA Based on the Hamzah Equation: A Seven-Year Scenario for Quantum Energy Independence.","abstract":"All Articles are Available: Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/my-orcid?orcid=0009-0009-3175-8563 Science Open ID: https://www.scienceopen.com/user/2c98a8bc-b8bb-49b3-9c91-2f2986a7e16e Safe Creative register the work titled \"The Theory of Intelligent Evolution, the Hamzah Equation, and the Quantum Civilisation\". Safe Creative registration #2504151474836. ............................................................................................................................. The global energy paradigm of the 21st century is dominated by fossil fuels, nuclear fission, and renewables (solar, wind, hydro). While these sources have enabled industrial growth, they remain limited by resource dependency, ecological damage, and geopolitical vulnerabilities. Fossil fuels pollute and are finite, nuclear energy carries catastrophic risks, and renewable energy is inconsistent due to weather variability. None of these models is capable of sustaining a civilisation transitioning toward quantum-era intelligence, continuous computation, and energy autonomy. The document introduces a revolutionary alternative: the ψ–Ξ Vacuum Energy Infrastructure, grounded in the Hamzah Equation: ∂ψ∂t=Ξ(t,r,ψ)\\frac{\\partial ψ}{\\partial t} = Ξ(t,r,ψ)∂t∂ψ=Ξ(t,r,ψ) Here, ψ(t,r) represents an oscillatory consciousness–energy field, while Ξ(t,r,ψ) is the zero-point coupling function, enabling direct extraction of energy from the vacuum itself. Unlike combustion- or radiation-based systems, the ψ–Ξ framework produces continuous, stable, and limitless energy without material fuel input. This represents the first engineerable model of vacuum energy extraction, validated through theoretical physics, numerical models, and prototype-level tests. Key Features of the ψ–Ξ Infrastructure: ψ–Antennas and Ξ–Resonators — fractal devices tuned to vacuum oscillations, initiating resonance. ψ–Collectors and Quantum Capacitors (Q–Cap) — storage modules stabilising extracted energy. Real-Time Ξ–ψ Monitoring Systems — AI-governed control for national-scale grid management. Consciousness–Shielded Interfaces — protecting operators from decoherence anomalies. ψ–SmartGrid Transmission Backbone — enabling nationwide synchronisation across 50 states. Deployment Model for the USA (2025–2032): Phase 0 (3 months): Knowledge transfer, national labs, specialist training. Phase 1 (6 months): Pilot test in a small state (Vermont, Rhode Island). Phase 2 (18 months): Expansion into 10 diverse climatic states (Arizona, Alaska, Florida, etc.). Phase 3 (24 months): Mass production of ψ–Antennas, Ξ–Resonators, ψ–Collectors. Phase 4 (36 months): Nationwide rollout across all 50 states. By Year 7, the ψ–Ξ system achieves 900 GW capacity, fully replacing current U.S. generation (1,000 GW) at a cost of $630–$890 billion, far below 10-year fossil ($2+ trillion), nuclear ($800B), or solar+grid (~$950B) costs. Strategic Outcomes: Energy Sovereignty: Elimination of reliance on oil, gas, coal, or uranium. Economic Transformation: National ROI exceeding 39% annually; full payback within 3 years. Job Creation: 87,000 direct jobs, 230,000 indirect, plus large-scale technical upskilling. Ecological Restoration: Zero emissions, no mining or drilling, reversible impact on biodiversity. Geopolitical Shift: U.S. leadership in ψ–Civilisation; weakening of oil-export economies. Transport Revolution: ψ–Drive modules retrofit 300M+ vehicles (cars, trucks, ships, planes) without replacing engines, at ~$275B. Broader Civilisational Impact Beyond energy, ψ–Ξ opens the door to resonance-based civilisation: Education: from information transfer to resonance literacy. Politics: from coercive power to oscillatory synchronisation. Anthropology: redefining humans as quantum-conscious beings. Culture: art and media aligned with fractal–harmonic archetypes. The ψ–Ξ model signals the end of the Fossil Empire and the dawn of a Post-Fuel Civilisation, where America becomes the first to operationalise limitless vacuum energy through the Hamza","author":[{"family":"Jalali","given":"Seyed"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.16934141","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16934141","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21505827","type":"article-journal","title":"Enhancing Kenya's Energy Planning with Energy Access Explorer: A Geospatial Approach to Actualising Kenya's Energy Policy 2025-2034 to Accelerate Universal Energy Access by 2030","abstract":"Kenya has made considerable progress in expanding electricity access over the last decade, yet many households remain without reliable electricity. This case study demonstrates how the Energy Access Explorer (EAE) can support evidence-based energy planning by integrating geospatial datasets such as population, electricity distribution lines, solar GHI, and wind speed resources. Using QGIS and Energy Access Explorer (EAE) platforms for data preparation, the study identifies areas suitable for grid extension and areas where decentralised renewable energy solutions are more appropriate. The analysis shows that geospatial decision-making can improve investment efficiency and support implementation of Kenya's Energy Policy 2025–2034 and Sustainable Development Goal 7.","author":[{"family":"Mokaya","given":"Dennis"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21505827","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21505827","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21505828","type":"article-journal","title":"Enhancing Kenya's Energy Planning with Energy Access Explorer: A Geospatial Approach to Actualising Kenya's Energy Policy 2025-2034 to Accelerate Universal Energy Access by 2030","abstract":"Kenya has made considerable progress in expanding electricity access over the last decade, yet many households remain without reliable electricity. This case study demonstrates how the Energy Access Explorer (EAE) can support evidence-based energy planning by integrating geospatial datasets such as population, electricity distribution lines, solar GHI, and wind speed resources. Using QGIS and Energy Access Explorer (EAE) platforms for data preparation, the study identifies areas suitable for grid extension and areas where decentralised renewable energy solutions are more appropriate. The analysis shows that geospatial decision-making can improve investment efficiency and support implementation of Kenya's Energy Policy 2025–2034 and Sustainable Development Goal 7.","author":[{"family":"Mokaya","given":"Dennis"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21505828","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21505828","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21546967","type":"article-journal","title":"Sustainable Economic Growth: An Analytical Review and Strategic Direction for the Global and Indian Economy","abstract":"Sustainable economic growth has emerged as the most critical imperative and strategic challenge for the global economy in the 21st century. Historically, economic progress relied on the intensive extraction of natural resources and focused solely on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth. However, escalating climate change, environmental degradation, and rising social inequalities have necessitated a paradigm shift. This research paper analyzes the evolution of the concept of sustainable growth, its scope, and its global significance. It reviews the trajectory from the 1987 Brundtland Report to the 2025 UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) progress assessments. From a theoretical perspective, this study examines the foundations of sustainability through the Solow Growth Model, Endogenous Growth Theory, and the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). Globally, it compares developed and developing nations through case studies like Germany’s Energiewende and China’s green finance systems. With a specific focus on India, the paper utilizes data from the NITI Aayog SDG India Index 2023–24 (Composite Score: 71) and the Union Budget 2026–27 to highlight progress in renewable energy and green technology. [1, 2] The report further analyzes the transition toward a Circular Economy based on NITI Aayog’s 2026 strategic reports. Finally, it provides policy recommendations for achieving \"Viksit Bharat @ 2047\" through inclusive and resilient economic frameworks.","author":[{"family":"More","given":"Bhimrao"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21546967","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21546967","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21546968","type":"article-journal","title":"Sustainable Economic Growth: An Analytical Review and Strategic Direction for the Global and Indian Economy","abstract":"Sustainable economic growth has emerged as the most critical imperative and strategic challenge for the global economy in the 21st century. Historically, economic progress relied on the intensive extraction of natural resources and focused solely on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth. However, escalating climate change, environmental degradation, and rising social inequalities have necessitated a paradigm shift. This research paper analyzes the evolution of the concept of sustainable growth, its scope, and its global significance. It reviews the trajectory from the 1987 Brundtland Report to the 2025 UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) progress assessments. From a theoretical perspective, this study examines the foundations of sustainability through the Solow Growth Model, Endogenous Growth Theory, and the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). Globally, it compares developed and developing nations through case studies like Germany’s Energiewende and China’s green finance systems. With a specific focus on India, the paper utilizes data from the NITI Aayog SDG India Index 2023–24 (Composite Score: 71) and the Union Budget 2026–27 to highlight progress in renewable energy and green technology. [1, 2] The report further analyzes the transition toward a Circular Economy based on NITI Aayog’s 2026 strategic reports. Finally, it provides policy recommendations for achieving \"Viksit Bharat @ 2047\" through inclusive and resilient economic frameworks.","author":[{"family":"More","given":"Bhimrao"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21546968","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21546968","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21905099","type":"article-journal","title":"Reproducibility snapshot v1.0.0 for \"Operationalising EU Strategic Autonomy at grid-substation resolution: a seven-criteria framework applied to Italian adaptation interventions\"","abstract":"Initial reproducibility snapshot accompanying the v3 TERMINAL P8 manuscript submitted to Energy Policy (Elsevier). The paper delivers three contributions on operationalising EU Strategic Autonomy at grid-substation resolution. Contribution 1 (Framework): a seven-criteria strategic-autonomy framework (C7 fuel dependency, C8 distributed-energy-resource bidirectionality, C9 cross-border interconnector concentration, C10 grid-critical-equipment supply chain, C11 software and firmware supply chain, C12 critical-raw-minerals dependency, C13 compute-infrastructure sovereignty) operationalised at the resolution of an individual transmission substation and its 5 km catchment. Worst-case composite aggregation eliminates weighting sensitivity by construction; 10,000-iteration Monte Carlo propagates variance from three parameterised sources (v4.2 modifier variance as truncated Normal; cascade coefficients as Dirichlet on the simplex or truncated Normal; intervention-effect as truncated Normal); Kish-adjusted 400-replication cluster-robust bootstrap produces CI bands at substation-cohort cluster level per Cameron-Gelbach-Miller (2011). The framework composes with a documented cascade substrate integrating four canonical propagation instruments -- Buldyrev et al. (2010) cross-domain topology, Miller and Blair (1985) Leontief input-output, Kemeny and Snell (1976) absorbing chain with Catral-Kirkland-Neumann-Sze closed form, and Rose and Round (1993) social-accounting-matrix distributional decomposition. Cohort-wide execution completes in approximately 5 seconds at production-tier Monte Carlo depth. Contribution 2 (Four Italian case cohorts): the framework is applied to Catanzaro 2 (ITF65 · CALA · 92 subs), Bolzano (ITH10 · NORD · 214), Torino (ITC11 · NORD · 249), and Sicilia central-Palermo (ITG12 · SICI · 1,112) drawn from the 47,906-substation Italian sub-cohort of the SSI Index v4.2 methodology canonical (June 2026 edition). The systemic Layer B returns red uniformly across all four cohorts at Monte Carlo stability 97.4-99.2 percent; the distributional Layer A returns green (Bolzano) or amber (three cohorts). Bolzano is analytically starkest: distributionally low-vulnerability (GDP per capita 44,100 euros, unemployment 3.0 percent, V-socio 0.269) yet systemically high-exposure via cross-border interconnector concentration on the AT-CH Brenner corridor (C9 Herfindahl 3,134) and DER-bidirectionality shock (C8 compound 10.57). Contribution 3 (Baseline comparison): re-appraisal of the four cohorts under Reckien 2023 distributional maladaptation typology, Ciscar PESETA IV aggregate cost-benefit, and Byers 2018 multi-hazard climate exposure produces neutral-to-green verdicts across cohorts where the seven-criteria framework returns red -- systematic underestimation of the systemic-exposure signal illustrated on the four cohorts, with the delta largest at Bolzano. An integration protocol is proposed across six European regulator and EU-instrument decision-support layers (Ofgem RIIO-ED3, CRE TURPE 7, BNetzA Netzentwicklungsplan, ARERA TIQD 2028 renewal, MASE PNIEC, MITECO PNIEC monitoring, CERD 2022/2557 Article 12 self-assessment surface, European Climate Law Article 5(4) national adaptation plans). Tier boundaries are pre-registered against external anchors (US-DOJ HHI tier boundaries 1968-2010 lineage for C7/C9/C10/C12; Sansavini 2025 Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews for C8 log-transformed compound thresholds) fixed prior to case selection and Italian data ingestion; the seven-criteria list itself was frozen in the Systemic Layer methodology specification v1.0 (March 2026), verifiable inside this deposit. Foundation-side illustrative outputs and paired commercial-side outputs share identical cascade substrate SHA-256 identity (verified across development-tier n=1,000 and production-tier n=10,000 Monte Carlo depth for all four cohorts); commercial-side outputs remain outside publication scope under NDA. Deposit contents: four Foundatio","author":[{"family":"Bérard","given":"Cedric"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21905099","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21905099","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21905098","type":"article-journal","title":"Reproducibility snapshot v1.0.0 for \"Operationalising EU Strategic Autonomy at grid-substation resolution: a seven-criteria framework applied to Italian adaptation interventions\"","abstract":"Initial reproducibility snapshot accompanying the v3 TERMINAL P8 manuscript submitted to Energy Policy (Elsevier). The paper delivers three contributions on operationalising EU Strategic Autonomy at grid-substation resolution. Contribution 1 (Framework): a seven-criteria strategic-autonomy framework (C7 fuel dependency, C8 distributed-energy-resource bidirectionality, C9 cross-border interconnector concentration, C10 grid-critical-equipment supply chain, C11 software and firmware supply chain, C12 critical-raw-minerals dependency, C13 compute-infrastructure sovereignty) operationalised at the resolution of an individual transmission substation and its 5 km catchment. Worst-case composite aggregation eliminates weighting sensitivity by construction; 10,000-iteration Monte Carlo propagates variance from three parameterised sources (v4.2 modifier variance as truncated Normal; cascade coefficients as Dirichlet on the simplex or truncated Normal; intervention-effect as truncated Normal); Kish-adjusted 400-replication cluster-robust bootstrap produces CI bands at substation-cohort cluster level per Cameron-Gelbach-Miller (2011). The framework composes with a documented cascade substrate integrating four canonical propagation instruments -- Buldyrev et al. (2010) cross-domain topology, Miller and Blair (1985) Leontief input-output, Kemeny and Snell (1976) absorbing chain with Catral-Kirkland-Neumann-Sze closed form, and Rose and Round (1993) social-accounting-matrix distributional decomposition. Cohort-wide execution completes in approximately 5 seconds at production-tier Monte Carlo depth. Contribution 2 (Four Italian case cohorts): the framework is applied to Catanzaro 2 (ITF65 · CALA · 92 subs), Bolzano (ITH10 · NORD · 214), Torino (ITC11 · NORD · 249), and Sicilia central-Palermo (ITG12 · SICI · 1,112) drawn from the 47,906-substation Italian sub-cohort of the SSI Index v4.2 methodology canonical (June 2026 edition). The systemic Layer B returns red uniformly across all four cohorts at Monte Carlo stability 97.4-99.2 percent; the distributional Layer A returns green (Bolzano) or amber (three cohorts). Bolzano is analytically starkest: distributionally low-vulnerability (GDP per capita 44,100 euros, unemployment 3.0 percent, V-socio 0.269) yet systemically high-exposure via cross-border interconnector concentration on the AT-CH Brenner corridor (C9 Herfindahl 3,134) and DER-bidirectionality shock (C8 compound 10.57). Contribution 3 (Baseline comparison): re-appraisal of the four cohorts under Reckien 2023 distributional maladaptation typology, Ciscar PESETA IV aggregate cost-benefit, and Byers 2018 multi-hazard climate exposure produces neutral-to-green verdicts across cohorts where the seven-criteria framework returns red -- systematic underestimation of the systemic-exposure signal illustrated on the four cohorts, with the delta largest at Bolzano. An integration protocol is proposed across six European regulator and EU-instrument decision-support layers (Ofgem RIIO-ED3, CRE TURPE 7, BNetzA Netzentwicklungsplan, ARERA TIQD 2028 renewal, MASE PNIEC, MITECO PNIEC monitoring, CERD 2022/2557 Article 12 self-assessment surface, European Climate Law Article 5(4) national adaptation plans). Tier boundaries are pre-registered against external anchors (US-DOJ HHI tier boundaries 1968-2010 lineage for C7/C9/C10/C12; Sansavini 2025 Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews for C8 log-transformed compound thresholds) fixed prior to case selection and Italian data ingestion; the seven-criteria list itself was frozen in the Systemic Layer methodology specification v1.0 (March 2026), verifiable inside this deposit. Foundation-side illustrative outputs and paired commercial-side outputs share identical cascade substrate SHA-256 identity (verified across development-tier n=1,000 and production-tier n=10,000 Monte Carlo depth for all four cohorts); commercial-side outputs remain outside publication scope under NDA. Deposit contents: four Foundatio","author":[{"family":"Bérard","given":"Cedric"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21905098","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21905098","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21331434","type":"article-journal","title":"Study On Green Bonds in India","abstract":"Abstract- Green bonds are the basic financial instrument for financing green projects.Since green bond market is increasing rapidly in the present scenario, this study investigates the evolution and performance of the green bond market in India, which has emerged as a critical tool for financing the country’s transition to a low carbon economy.As India aims for net zero by 2070, the research evaluates the effectiveness of green bonds in mobilizing private capital for renewable energy, sustainable infrastructure, and climate adaptation. To analyze the progress made, data was collected from secondary sources i.e. from official portals in particular RBI and SEBI website and journals, articles, other websites are also considered. India stood 4thposition in amount issued on green Bonds as a percent of all bond’sissuance among the 12 countries.AGreen bond is a fixed income instrument designed specially to support specific climate related environmental protection projects. these bonds are typically asset-linked and backed by the issuing entity’s balance sheet, so they usually carry the same credit rating as other debt obligation carry. Green bonds in Indian market play a vital role to save the debt market and to position the environment sustainability by generating fund specifically for Green Projects.The emergence of green/climate bonds take place from Paris Agreement in 2015 where 188 countries sign up to limit the rising temperature by less than the degrees Celsius and India is a one of the countries to sign the agreement.The paper concludes that the green bond successfully fulfils criteria to become a sustainable tool which can be seen as an investment opportunity alternative to equity funds, other corporate bonds.The green bond trend is upward sloping showing great potential to grow and develops the sustainable goals with success achievement.Certain challenges as hedge currency cost, lack of awareness; low sovereign rating makes green bondsa less attractive among investor which can be fairly reduced by proper governmental strategic actions.This paper examines the role and scope of green bonds in India’s financial and fiscal landscape.It discusses the various types of green bonds available in India. the regulatoryframework governing their issuance and the potential benefits of investing in green bonds.The paper also highlights the challenges associated with green bonds in India and suggest measures to promote their growth.The paper concludes by arguing that green bonds have the potential to play and important role in India's financial and fiscal landscape. While green bonds are similar to conventional bonds as they have a fixed or variable interest rate, they differ since they are specifically designated for financing or refinancing environmental projects that have positive effects on the environment or the climate such as the use of renewable energy, energy efficient transportation clean energy, sustainable water management and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.","author":[{"family":"Patil","given":"Nayana"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21331434","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21331434","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21331435","type":"article-journal","title":"Study On Green Bonds in India","abstract":"Abstract- Green bonds are the basic financial instrument for financing green projects.Since green bond market is increasing rapidly in the present scenario, this study investigates the evolution and performance of the green bond market in India, which has emerged as a critical tool for financing the country’s transition to a low carbon economy.As India aims for net zero by 2070, the research evaluates the effectiveness of green bonds in mobilizing private capital for renewable energy, sustainable infrastructure, and climate adaptation. To analyze the progress made, data was collected from secondary sources i.e. from official portals in particular RBI and SEBI website and journals, articles, other websites are also considered. India stood 4thposition in amount issued on green Bonds as a percent of all bond’sissuance among the 12 countries.AGreen bond is a fixed income instrument designed specially to support specific climate related environmental protection projects. these bonds are typically asset-linked and backed by the issuing entity’s balance sheet, so they usually carry the same credit rating as other debt obligation carry. Green bonds in Indian market play a vital role to save the debt market and to position the environment sustainability by generating fund specifically for Green Projects.The emergence of green/climate bonds take place from Paris Agreement in 2015 where 188 countries sign up to limit the rising temperature by less than the degrees Celsius and India is a one of the countries to sign the agreement.The paper concludes that the green bond successfully fulfils criteria to become a sustainable tool which can be seen as an investment opportunity alternative to equity funds, other corporate bonds.The green bond trend is upward sloping showing great potential to grow and develops the sustainable goals with success achievement.Certain challenges as hedge currency cost, lack of awareness; low sovereign rating makes green bondsa less attractive among investor which can be fairly reduced by proper governmental strategic actions.This paper examines the role and scope of green bonds in India’s financial and fiscal landscape.It discusses the various types of green bonds available in India. the regulatoryframework governing their issuance and the potential benefits of investing in green bonds.The paper also highlights the challenges associated with green bonds in India and suggest measures to promote their growth.The paper concludes by arguing that green bonds have the potential to play and important role in India's financial and fiscal landscape. While green bonds are similar to conventional bonds as they have a fixed or variable interest rate, they differ since they are specifically designated for financing or refinancing environmental projects that have positive effects on the environment or the climate such as the use of renewable energy, energy efficient transportation clean energy, sustainable water management and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.","author":[{"family":"Patil","given":"Nayana"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21331435","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21331435","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21332004","type":"article-journal","title":"Air Pollution Control Measures","abstract":"Abstract Air pollution control measures refer to the strategies and technologies used to reduce the emission of harmful pollutants into the atmosphere from industrial, vehicular, and domestic sources. These measures focus on minimizing pollutants such as particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and volatile organic compounds. Key approaches include the use of cleaner fuels, adoption of renewable energy sources, installation of pollution control devices like filters and scrubbers in industries, and enforcement of emission standards for vehicles. Urban planning and public transportation improvements also play an important role in reducing air pollution levels.In addition to technological solutions, regulatory and behavioural measures are essential for effective air pollution control. Governments implement environmental laws, monitoring systems, and awareness campaigns to ensure compliance and encourage sustainable practices. Public participation, such as reducing energy consumption, using eco-friendly products, and supporting green initiatives, further strengthens these efforts. Together, these measures help protect human health, preserve ecosystems, and mitigate the impacts of climate change, contributing to a cleaner and more sustainable environment","author":[{"family":"Saptarshi","given":"Minal"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21332004","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21332004","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21332005","type":"article-journal","title":"Air Pollution Control Measures","abstract":"Abstract Air pollution control measures refer to the strategies and technologies used to reduce the emission of harmful pollutants into the atmosphere from industrial, vehicular, and domestic sources. These measures focus on minimizing pollutants such as particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and volatile organic compounds. Key approaches include the use of cleaner fuels, adoption of renewable energy sources, installation of pollution control devices like filters and scrubbers in industries, and enforcement of emission standards for vehicles. Urban planning and public transportation improvements also play an important role in reducing air pollution levels.In addition to technological solutions, regulatory and behavioural measures are essential for effective air pollution control. Governments implement environmental laws, monitoring systems, and awareness campaigns to ensure compliance and encourage sustainable practices. Public participation, such as reducing energy consumption, using eco-friendly products, and supporting green initiatives, further strengthens these efforts. Together, these measures help protect human health, preserve ecosystems, and mitigate the impacts of climate change, contributing to a cleaner and more sustainable environment","author":[{"family":"Saptarshi","given":"Minal"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21332005","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21332005","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20681914","type":"article-journal","title":"Framework to Endorse Decarbonization and to Achieve Prospects of Net-Zero Carbon Emission in India","abstract":"India’s pledge to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2070 calls for a framework that balances growth with sustainability. In order to reach the prospects of net-zero emissions by our country in the upcoming time period of the century, the article aspects its smoothing on carbon emission outlays in the short to medium term, which is the time frame that matters to policymakers at climate mitigation measures. It examines a comprehensive set of policy frameworks that includes public investment in green projects and subsidies for the development of renewable energy as a first green fiscal stimulus to go along with carbon pricing. Certain model simulations suggest that a comprehensive policy package can enhance the overall output of the low-carbon transition compared to the baseline, largely due to increased green civic investment. Even if carbon emissions continue to rise in the short term, the associated transitional output costs are expected to remain modest. Previous research highlights that upfront green fiscal measures can accelerate the shift toward a low-carbon economy by stimulating innovation, creating jobs, and strengthening resilience. Such fiscal interventions not only help to control carbon emissions but also guide the environment onto a more sustainable and greener trajectory, ensuring that climate action contributes to long-term economic growth and stability. Progress toward partial net-zero requires scaling renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, hydro, and green hydrogen to reduce coal reliance, while advancing energy efficiency across sectors. Introducing carbon pricing mechanisms will internalize environmental costs and incentivize cleaner production, supported by investment in green technologies like carbon capture, advanced storage, and smart grids. Expanding afforestation and carbon sinks alongside sustainable infrastructure development in transport and urban planning will strengthen resilience. Collectively, such measures establish a coherent pathway for India to achieve partial net-zero outcomes and lay the foundation for its long-term climate neutrality target.","author":[{"family":"Gothwal","given":"Rakesh"},{"family":"Patel","given":"HB"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20681914","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20681914","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20681915","type":"article-journal","title":"Framework to Endorse Decarbonization and to Achieve Prospects of Net-Zero Carbon Emission in India","abstract":"India’s pledge to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2070 calls for a framework that balances growth with sustainability. In order to reach the prospects of net-zero emissions by our country in the upcoming time period of the century, the article aspects its smoothing on carbon emission outlays in the short to medium term, which is the time frame that matters to policymakers at climate mitigation measures. It examines a comprehensive set of policy frameworks that includes public investment in green projects and subsidies for the development of renewable energy as a first green fiscal stimulus to go along with carbon pricing. Certain model simulations suggest that a comprehensive policy package can enhance the overall output of the low-carbon transition compared to the baseline, largely due to increased green civic investment. Even if carbon emissions continue to rise in the short term, the associated transitional output costs are expected to remain modest. Previous research highlights that upfront green fiscal measures can accelerate the shift toward a low-carbon economy by stimulating innovation, creating jobs, and strengthening resilience. Such fiscal interventions not only help to control carbon emissions but also guide the environment onto a more sustainable and greener trajectory, ensuring that climate action contributes to long-term economic growth and stability. Progress toward partial net-zero requires scaling renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, hydro, and green hydrogen to reduce coal reliance, while advancing energy efficiency across sectors. Introducing carbon pricing mechanisms will internalize environmental costs and incentivize cleaner production, supported by investment in green technologies like carbon capture, advanced storage, and smart grids. Expanding afforestation and carbon sinks alongside sustainable infrastructure development in transport and urban planning will strengthen resilience. Collectively, such measures establish a coherent pathway for India to achieve partial net-zero outcomes and lay the foundation for its long-term climate neutrality target.","author":[{"family":"Gothwal","given":"Rakesh"},{"family":"Patel","given":"HB"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20681915","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20681915","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.18154/rwth-2026-06871","type":"article-journal","title":"Mechanisms, activity, and stability of methanation catalyst via in-situ X-ray scattering and pair distribution function","abstract":"This study investigates the effect of dynamic, unsteady gas feed conditions on the structure of Ni-based methanation catalysts. The transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy generally introduces fluctuations in energy production, which directly impact hydrogen production in power-to-methane plants, resulting in insufficient feed for the methanation process. As a result, the catalysts are exposed to a constant variation in the chemical environment, potentially leading to changes, e.g., structural transformation, sintering, and deactivation, ultimately affecting the overall process performance. In this dissertation, Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was used as a reference system, and its structure was studied using hard X-ray total scattering method combined with Pair Distribution Function (PDF) analysis. This approach enabled the characterization of Ni nanoparticles and the structure of defective and non-crystalline materials such as γ-Al2O3, which cannot be adequately analyzed using conventional X-ray diffraction methods. An accurate description of the γ-Al2O3 support material is essential to distinguish its signal contribution from that of the small Ni nanoparticles and the metal-support interface to understand the properties of the final catalyst, including the possible involvement of the support in the catalytic reaction. In this context, this work proposes a new structural description for γ-Al2O3 based on the disordered δ polymorph substructure. In particular, the phase called δ5 provided an improved description of the PDF data with robust fit results that are stable also during dynamic experiments. This description enabled to discern the Ni nanoparticle signals with higher accuracy. From the conclusion drawn from the support structural study, in-situ catalyst experiments with two different reference catalysts were studied. The PDF data showed structural features that follow the dynamic scenario indicating dynamic changes in the catalyst structures and a possible interaction of the Ni nanoparticles with the support oxide. To increase the sensitivity of the PDF analysis and enable the detection of subtle structural changes, modulation excitation PDF experiments were analysed by applying Phase Sensitive Detection analysis. By converting the data from the time domain to the phase domain, structural differences between two catalysts could be identified. In one catalyst, involvement of the γ-Al2O3 support was observed, helping to maintain Ni in its metallic, active state under hydrogen-poor conditions. In contrast, in the second catalyst, the γ-Al2O3 support did not show any involvement, and oxidation of the active Ni nanoparticles was detected. Finally, a more complex Ni-Fe bimetallic catalyst, produced by Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) decomposition, was studied using PDF and X-ray absorption spectroscopy during the dynamic scenario. This approach provided complementary structural and chemical information on the catalyst by combining a scattering technique with a chemically sensitive one. MOF decomposition was used to create a protective graphitic shell around the active nanoparticles. However, the results showed that, despite the graphitic shell decomposed during the first methanation cycle, stabilization was provided by a Ni-Fe mixed oxide formed during H2 dropout conditions. This oxide phase protected the active sites and improved the catalyst's long-term stability under unstable conditions.","author":[{"family":"Manzoni","given":"Fabio"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.18154/rwth-2026-06871","URL":"https://doi.org/10.18154/rwth-2026-06871","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.18154/rwth-2026-06357","type":"article-journal","title":"Modelling and experimental validation of the viscosity of molten salts in heat transport and storage applications","abstract":"Concentrating solar power (CSPs) plants play a significant role in addressing current and future challenges in electricity generation by harnessing the abundant solar radiation and its storage during daylight to use on demand. To establish renewable energy resources as reliable primary sources of energy, the integration of CSPs with thermal energy storage (TES) is essential and makes the CSPs dispatchable and unique among all the other renewable alternatives. Molten salts have recently gained more attention of research interests as promising heat transfer fluids (HTF) due to their distinct properties including low viscosity, as viscosity of HTFs affects the pumping costs in the CSP design. Consequently, alkali chlorides and nitrates can be recommended as potential HTFs for medium to high temperature range applications due to their different melting point. Thus, the objective is to develop a database on viscosity property of potential HTFs. The challenges associated with high-temperature viscosity measurements and the presence of hazardous species highlights the need to have a reliable viscosity model. Moreover, development of an accurate viscosity model becomes necessary due to the lack of reported viscosity data in literature. To this end, this study aims at adapting a new viscosity model on molten salts, which was originally developed for oxide-based systems. The associate species model, which is a structure-based model, works based on an in-house thermodynamic database in FactSage and calculates the associate species distribution to describe the Gibbs energy and considers both the temperature and structural dependence of viscosity. The key advantage of this model is its simplicity, characterized by minimum number of model parameters. The associate species model has been applied and the viscosity of pure NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, NaNO3, KNO3, and their binary mixtures including NaCl-KCl, NaCl-CaCl2, NaNO3-KNO3, NaNO3-Ca(NO3)2, NaCl-NaNO3, KCl-KNO3, and the reciprocals NaCl-KNO3, and KCl-NaNO3 are assessed. The model demonstrates a reliable prediction for all the pure salts across a wide temperature range. Furthermore, the introduction of the excess part of viscosity effectively describes the composition dependence in binary NaNO3-KNO3. It is noteworthy to mention, that the model parameters indicate a reasonable physic-chemical meaning. In addition to the viscosity modelling at fully molten state, viscosity in the two-phase region is of interest and is modelled using the Krieger-Dougherty (KD) model. To validate the modelling results, an experimental setup employing a rotational viscometer has been developed.","author":[{"family":"Ewaznezhad Fard","given":"Darya"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.18154/rwth-2026-06357","URL":"https://doi.org/10.18154/rwth-2026-06357","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22129682","type":"article-journal","title":"PLANETARY SR IV — GERMANY: High Institutional Insulation, Industrial Transition, Demographic Pressure, and Adaptive Reorganization","abstract":"PLANETARY SR IV — GERMANY High Institutional Insulation, Industrial Transition, Demographic Pressure, and Adaptive Reorganization Description Planetary SR IV — Germany applies the full Planetary SignalRupture framework to Germany as a high-capacity, highly institutionalized society undergoing simultaneous industrial, demographic, educational, infrastructural, administrative, energy, housing, care, and technological transition. Rather than asking whether Germany is “collapsing,” the paper examines how a country with strong welfare institutions, extensive social insurance, high employment, major scientific capacity, functioning legal and administrative systems, and substantial infrastructure absorbs pressure while some of the substrates supporting that stability are themselves changing. The paper evaluates Germany through the canonical SR sequence of Pressure → Institutional Reflex → Drift → Collapse → Reorganization, while preserving the distinction between observable pressure, compensation, genuine deterioration, successful adaptation, and structural restoration. Its central finding is that Germany currently represents a distinct planetary configuration: high institutional insulation under costly structural transition, with active reorganization and selective drift. The analysis identifies substantial pressures in industrial competitiveness, demographic ageing, skilled-labour availability, education, housing, unpaid care, infrastructure execution, and administrative conversion capacity. At the same time, it preserves strong counterevidence: near-record employment, high healthcare access, extensive social protection, record research intensity, successful energy substitution, renewable expansion, and functioning institutional capacity. The Germany case also develops the role of effective redundancy and substitution capacity in structural resilience. Germany demonstrates that stability does not require the absence of dependency. A system can remain resilient when it possesses sufficiently diverse suppliers, institutions, technologies, jurisdictions, and alternative pathways capable of assuming function when one pathway is disrupted. The paper then extends this analysis into the emerging AI transition. It argues that structural insulation is substrate-specific: stability under Germany’s present industrial, welfare, administrative, and energy architecture does not guarantee equivalent stability once CRI, AIS, and MACS become embedded across institutions. AI may strengthen coordination and capacity, but it may also transform distributed redundancy into hidden common-mode technological dependence. The 2026–2031 forecast therefore tests whether Germany preserves, expands, or loses effective redundancy as its institutional substrate becomes increasingly AI-mediated. Contribution to SignalRupture This paper makes several important contributions to the developing Planetary SR architecture. First, it prevents SR from becoming a framework that recognizes only deterioration. Germany provides a strong empirical test of reorganization and restoration, demonstrating that significant pressure can be successfully converted into new capacity rather than necessarily propagating toward collapse. Second, the case strengthens the distinction between Human Buffer Exhaustion and Institutional Buffer Expenditure. Earlier planetary cases showed households and workers absorbing substantial pressure to maintain continuity. Germany demonstrates that in highly insulated systems, public institutions, social insurance, firms, municipalities, infrastructure, and fiscal mechanisms can absorb a large share of pressure before household failure becomes visible. Third, Germany sharpens the SR theory of dependency by showing that dependency alone is not fragility. The missing variable is substitution capacity. The case therefore strengthens the planetary dependency topology: Redundancy → Substitution Capacity → Pressure Absorption → Structural Insulation → Continuity","author":[{"family":"Rupture","given":"Signal"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22129682","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22129682","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22129683","type":"article-journal","title":"PLANETARY SR IV — GERMANY: High Institutional Insulation, Industrial Transition, Demographic Pressure, and Adaptive Reorganization","abstract":"PLANETARY SR IV — GERMANY High Institutional Insulation, Industrial Transition, Demographic Pressure, and Adaptive Reorganization Description Planetary SR IV — Germany applies the full Planetary SignalRupture framework to Germany as a high-capacity, highly institutionalized society undergoing simultaneous industrial, demographic, educational, infrastructural, administrative, energy, housing, care, and technological transition. Rather than asking whether Germany is “collapsing,” the paper examines how a country with strong welfare institutions, extensive social insurance, high employment, major scientific capacity, functioning legal and administrative systems, and substantial infrastructure absorbs pressure while some of the substrates supporting that stability are themselves changing. The paper evaluates Germany through the canonical SR sequence of Pressure → Institutional Reflex → Drift → Collapse → Reorganization, while preserving the distinction between observable pressure, compensation, genuine deterioration, successful adaptation, and structural restoration. Its central finding is that Germany currently represents a distinct planetary configuration: high institutional insulation under costly structural transition, with active reorganization and selective drift. The analysis identifies substantial pressures in industrial competitiveness, demographic ageing, skilled-labour availability, education, housing, unpaid care, infrastructure execution, and administrative conversion capacity. At the same time, it preserves strong counterevidence: near-record employment, high healthcare access, extensive social protection, record research intensity, successful energy substitution, renewable expansion, and functioning institutional capacity. The Germany case also develops the role of effective redundancy and substitution capacity in structural resilience. Germany demonstrates that stability does not require the absence of dependency. A system can remain resilient when it possesses sufficiently diverse suppliers, institutions, technologies, jurisdictions, and alternative pathways capable of assuming function when one pathway is disrupted. The paper then extends this analysis into the emerging AI transition. It argues that structural insulation is substrate-specific: stability under Germany’s present industrial, welfare, administrative, and energy architecture does not guarantee equivalent stability once CRI, AIS, and MACS become embedded across institutions. AI may strengthen coordination and capacity, but it may also transform distributed redundancy into hidden common-mode technological dependence. The 2026–2031 forecast therefore tests whether Germany preserves, expands, or loses effective redundancy as its institutional substrate becomes increasingly AI-mediated. Contribution to SignalRupture This paper makes several important contributions to the developing Planetary SR architecture. First, it prevents SR from becoming a framework that recognizes only deterioration. Germany provides a strong empirical test of reorganization and restoration, demonstrating that significant pressure can be successfully converted into new capacity rather than necessarily propagating toward collapse. Second, the case strengthens the distinction between Human Buffer Exhaustion and Institutional Buffer Expenditure. Earlier planetary cases showed households and workers absorbing substantial pressure to maintain continuity. Germany demonstrates that in highly insulated systems, public institutions, social insurance, firms, municipalities, infrastructure, and fiscal mechanisms can absorb a large share of pressure before household failure becomes visible. Third, Germany sharpens the SR theory of dependency by showing that dependency alone is not fragility. The missing variable is substitution capacity. The case therefore strengthens the planetary dependency topology: Redundancy → Substitution Capacity → Pressure Absorption → Structural Insulation → Continuity","author":[{"family":"Rupture","given":"Signal"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22129683","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22129683","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22093038","type":"article-journal","title":"Development of a self sustaining In - Ear smart Communicator Utilizing Ambient Energy Harvesting and Holographic projection Interfaces","abstract":"शीर्षक (Title of the Invention):एयरोलेंस: होलोग्राफिक प्रोजेक्शन डिस्प्ले और मल्टी-सोर्स रिन्यूएबल चार्जिंग युक्त इन-ईयर स्मार्ट कम्युनिकेटर(AeroLens: In-Ear Smart Communicator Featuring Holographic Projection Display and Multi-Source Renewable Charging)आविष्कारकर्ता (Inventor):बंटी कुमावत (Banti Kumawat)1. आविष्कार का क्षेत्र (Field of the Invention)यह आविष्कार मुख्य रूप से मोबाइल संचार (Mobile Communication), पहनने योग्य तकनीक (Wearable Technology), होलोग्राफी (Holography), और अक्षय ऊर्जा (Renewable Energy Harvesting) के क्षेत्र से संबंधित है। विशेष रूप से, यह एक ऐसे एकल कान में पहने जाने वाले वायरलेस डिवाइस (In-Ear Earbud) के बारे में है जो पारंपरिक स्मार्टफोन की आवश्यकता को पूरी तरह समाप्त कर देता है।2. आविष्कार की पृष्ठभूमि (Background of the Invention)वर्तमान में स्मार्टफोन का आकार बड़ा है, जिसे जेब या हाथ में रखना पड़ता है। इसके अलावा, मौजूदा ब्लूटूथ ईयरबड्स की बैटरी लाइफ बहुत कम (4-6 घंटे) होती है और वे लगातार इस्तेमाल से गर्म हो जाते हैं। बाजार में मौजूद डिवाइसों में स्क्रीन देखने के लिए हाथ का ब्लॉक होना जरूरी होता है। यह आविष्कार इन सभी सीमाओं को तोड़ते हुए एक आत्मनिर्भर, बिना तार वाले और हवा में स्क्रीन दिखाने वाले संचार उपकरण को प्रस्तुत करता है।3. आविष्कार का विस्तृत विवरण (Detailed Description of the Invention)यह उपकरण एक अत्यंत सूक्ष्म इन-ईयर पॉड (In-Ear Pod) है जिसके निचले हिस्से में एक छोटा 'स्टेम' या डंडा लगा होता है। यह डिवाइस निम्नलिखित मुख्य घटकों से मिलकर बनी है:कम्युनिकेशन यूनिट: इसके भीतर इन-बिल्ट प्रोसेसर, माइक्रोफोन, स्पीकर और ई-सिम (e-SIM) तकनीक है, जिससे बिना किसी बाहरी मोबाइल के सीधे वॉयस और मैसेज कॉल की जा सकती है।सिंगल-ईयर डिज़ाइन: यह केवल एक कान में फिट होता है, जिससे उपयोगकर्ता का दूसरा कान खुला रहता है। यह उपयोगकर्ता को बाहरी दुनिया की आवाज़ें (Ambient Sounds) सुनने की अनुमति देता है, जिससे सुरक्षा बनी रहती है।4. तकनीकी चुनौतियाँ और उनके समाधान (Technical Challenges & Technical Solutions)इस आविष्कार के अंतर्गत आने वाली सभी समस्याओं का व्यावहारिक और वैज्ञानिक समाधान नीचे दिया गया है:चुनौती 1: आकार और वजन की सीमा (Size and Weight Constraint)समाधान: डिवाइस का मुख्य ढांचा कान के अंदरूनी हिस्से में रहेगा, जबकि एक छोटा 'स्टेम' (डंडा) नीचे की तरफ लटका रहेगा। यह डंडा डिवाइस को कान में स्थिर (Balance) रखेगा। भारी हार्डवेयर कंपोनेंट्स की जगह एक विशेष 'लाइटवेट सॉफ्टवेयर' का उपयोग किया जाएगा, जो क्लाउड या एआई (AI) तकनीक के जरिए काम करेगा, जिससे हार्डवेयर का वजन 5-7 ग्राम से अधिक नहीं होगा।चुनौती 2: हीटिंग (गर्मी) की समस्या (Heating Issue)समाधान: वॉयस कॉल और प्रोजेक्टर के लंबे समय तक चलने पर होने वाली हीटिंग को रोकने के लिए डिवाइस में एक 'एडवांस इन-बिल्ट कूलिंग सिस्टम' लगाया गया है। यह तकनीक 'वेपर चैंबर कूलिंग' (Vapor Chamber Cooling) पर आधारित है, जो बिना किसी शोर के प्रोसेसर की गर्मी को नीचे के डंडे के रास्ते हवा में उत्सर्जित (Dissipate) कर देती है।चुनौती 3: बिजली की कमी और चार्जिंग की समस्या (Power Shortage)समाधान: डिवाइस को कभी बंद न होने वाला (Never-Die) बनाने के लिए 'मल्टी-सोर्स चार्जिंग' सिस्टम दिया गया है:प्लग चार्जिंग: घर पर होने पर इसे मैग्नेटिक डॉक या टाइप-सी से तुरंत फास्ट-चार्ज किया जा सकता है।धूप से चार्जिंग (Solar): डंडे (Stem) का निचला पूरा पॉइंट और बाहरी सतह पूरी तरह से हाई-एफिशिएंसी सोलर पैनल कोटिंग से ढकी है। यह धूप के संपर्क में आते ही भारी मात्रा में सौर ऊर्जा को बिजली में बदल देती है।हवा से चार्जिंग (Wind): चलते या दौड़ते समय हवा के दबाव से बिजली बनाने के लिए इसमें 'पीजोइलेक्ट्रिक कंपन तकनीक' या माइक्रो-एयर वेंट दिया गया है।चुनौती 4: तेज धूप में स्क्रीन का साफ न दिखना (Display Visibility)समाधान: हवा में या हाथ पर स्क्रीन को साफ दिखाने के लिए इसमें एक 'उच्च गुणवत्ता वाला लेज़र डायोड प्रोजेक्टर' (High-Lumen Laser/Micro-LED Projector) लगाया गया है। इस प्रोजेक्टर की ब्राइटनेस इतनी तेज होगी कि कड़क धूप के अंदर भी हवा या आपकी हथेली पर तैरता हुआ डिस्प्ले (Holographic Screen) पूरी तरह साफ, रंगीन और स्पष्ट दिखाई देगा।चुनौती 5: बैटरी का खराब होना और फटना (Battery Lifecycle & Safety)समाधान: इस डिवाइस में पारंपरिक लिथियम-आयन बैटरी का उपयोग नहीं किया जाएगा। इसकी जगह 'ग्राफीन सॉलिड-स्टेट' (Graphene Solid-State) या सोडियम-आयन जैसी उन्नत धातु की बैटरी का इस्तेमाल किया जाएगा। यह धातु अत्यधिक सुरक्षि","author":[{"family":"Kumawat","given":"Banti"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22093038","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22093038","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22093037","type":"article-journal","title":"Development of a self sustaining In - Ear smart Communicator Utilizing Ambient Energy Harvesting and Holographic projection Interfaces","abstract":"शीर्षक (Title of the Invention):एयरोलेंस: होलोग्राफिक प्रोजेक्शन डिस्प्ले और मल्टी-सोर्स रिन्यूएबल चार्जिंग युक्त इन-ईयर स्मार्ट कम्युनिकेटर(AeroLens: In-Ear Smart Communicator Featuring Holographic Projection Display and Multi-Source Renewable Charging)आविष्कारकर्ता (Inventor):बंटी कुमावत (Banti Kumawat)1. आविष्कार का क्षेत्र (Field of the Invention)यह आविष्कार मुख्य रूप से मोबाइल संचार (Mobile Communication), पहनने योग्य तकनीक (Wearable Technology), होलोग्राफी (Holography), और अक्षय ऊर्जा (Renewable Energy Harvesting) के क्षेत्र से संबंधित है। विशेष रूप से, यह एक ऐसे एकल कान में पहने जाने वाले वायरलेस डिवाइस (In-Ear Earbud) के बारे में है जो पारंपरिक स्मार्टफोन की आवश्यकता को पूरी तरह समाप्त कर देता है।2. आविष्कार की पृष्ठभूमि (Background of the Invention)वर्तमान में स्मार्टफोन का आकार बड़ा है, जिसे जेब या हाथ में रखना पड़ता है। इसके अलावा, मौजूदा ब्लूटूथ ईयरबड्स की बैटरी लाइफ बहुत कम (4-6 घंटे) होती है और वे लगातार इस्तेमाल से गर्म हो जाते हैं। बाजार में मौजूद डिवाइसों में स्क्रीन देखने के लिए हाथ का ब्लॉक होना जरूरी होता है। यह आविष्कार इन सभी सीमाओं को तोड़ते हुए एक आत्मनिर्भर, बिना तार वाले और हवा में स्क्रीन दिखाने वाले संचार उपकरण को प्रस्तुत करता है।3. आविष्कार का विस्तृत विवरण (Detailed Description of the Invention)यह उपकरण एक अत्यंत सूक्ष्म इन-ईयर पॉड (In-Ear Pod) है जिसके निचले हिस्से में एक छोटा 'स्टेम' या डंडा लगा होता है। यह डिवाइस निम्नलिखित मुख्य घटकों से मिलकर बनी है:कम्युनिकेशन यूनिट: इसके भीतर इन-बिल्ट प्रोसेसर, माइक्रोफोन, स्पीकर और ई-सिम (e-SIM) तकनीक है, जिससे बिना किसी बाहरी मोबाइल के सीधे वॉयस और मैसेज कॉल की जा सकती है।सिंगल-ईयर डिज़ाइन: यह केवल एक कान में फिट होता है, जिससे उपयोगकर्ता का दूसरा कान खुला रहता है। यह उपयोगकर्ता को बाहरी दुनिया की आवाज़ें (Ambient Sounds) सुनने की अनुमति देता है, जिससे सुरक्षा बनी रहती है।4. तकनीकी चुनौतियाँ और उनके समाधान (Technical Challenges & Technical Solutions)इस आविष्कार के अंतर्गत आने वाली सभी समस्याओं का व्यावहारिक और वैज्ञानिक समाधान नीचे दिया गया है:चुनौती 1: आकार और वजन की सीमा (Size and Weight Constraint)समाधान: डिवाइस का मुख्य ढांचा कान के अंदरूनी हिस्से में रहेगा, जबकि एक छोटा 'स्टेम' (डंडा) नीचे की तरफ लटका रहेगा। यह डंडा डिवाइस को कान में स्थिर (Balance) रखेगा। भारी हार्डवेयर कंपोनेंट्स की जगह एक विशेष 'लाइटवेट सॉफ्टवेयर' का उपयोग किया जाएगा, जो क्लाउड या एआई (AI) तकनीक के जरिए काम करेगा, जिससे हार्डवेयर का वजन 5-7 ग्राम से अधिक नहीं होगा।चुनौती 2: हीटिंग (गर्मी) की समस्या (Heating Issue)समाधान: वॉयस कॉल और प्रोजेक्टर के लंबे समय तक चलने पर होने वाली हीटिंग को रोकने के लिए डिवाइस में एक 'एडवांस इन-बिल्ट कूलिंग सिस्टम' लगाया गया है। यह तकनीक 'वेपर चैंबर कूलिंग' (Vapor Chamber Cooling) पर आधारित है, जो बिना किसी शोर के प्रोसेसर की गर्मी को नीचे के डंडे के रास्ते हवा में उत्सर्जित (Dissipate) कर देती है।चुनौती 3: बिजली की कमी और चार्जिंग की समस्या (Power Shortage)समाधान: डिवाइस को कभी बंद न होने वाला (Never-Die) बनाने के लिए 'मल्टी-सोर्स चार्जिंग' सिस्टम दिया गया है:प्लग चार्जिंग: घर पर होने पर इसे मैग्नेटिक डॉक या टाइप-सी से तुरंत फास्ट-चार्ज किया जा सकता है।धूप से चार्जिंग (Solar): डंडे (Stem) का निचला पूरा पॉइंट और बाहरी सतह पूरी तरह से हाई-एफिशिएंसी सोलर पैनल कोटिंग से ढकी है। यह धूप के संपर्क में आते ही भारी मात्रा में सौर ऊर्जा को बिजली में बदल देती है।हवा से चार्जिंग (Wind): चलते या दौड़ते समय हवा के दबाव से बिजली बनाने के लिए इसमें 'पीजोइलेक्ट्रिक कंपन तकनीक' या माइक्रो-एयर वेंट दिया गया ह��।चुनौती 4: तेज धूप में स्क्रीन का साफ न दिखना (Display Visibility)समाधान: हवा में या हाथ पर स्क्रीन को साफ दिखाने के लिए इसमें एक 'उच्च गुणवत्ता वाला लेज़र डायोड प्रोजेक्टर' (High-Lumen Laser/Micro-LED Projector) लगाया गया है। इस प्रोजेक्टर की ब्राइटनेस इतनी तेज होगी कि कड़क धूप के अंदर भी हवा या आपकी हथेली पर तैरता हुआ डिस्प्ले (Holographic Screen) पूरी तरह साफ, रंगीन और स्पष्ट दिखाई देगा।चुनौती 5: बैटरी का खराब होना और फटना (Battery Lifecycle & Safety)समाधान: इस डिवाइस में पारंपरिक लिथियम-आयन बैटरी का उपयोग नहीं किया जाएगा। इसकी जगह 'ग्राफीन सॉलिड-स्टेट' (Graphene Solid-State) या सोडियम-आयन जैसी उन्नत धातु की बैटरी का इस्तेमाल किया जाएगा। यह धातु अत्यधिक सुरक्ष","author":[{"family":"Kumawat","given":"Banti"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22093037","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22093037","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20180283","type":"article-journal","title":"Developing a National Smart Grid Strategy in Mozambique","abstract":"Developing a National Smart Grid Strategy in Mozambique: A Roadmap for Electricidade de Moçambique (EDM) and Lessons for Sub-Saharan Africa This paper presents a comprehensive smart grid maturity assessment and implementation roadmap developed in 2018 for Mozambique’s national utility, Electricidade de Moçambique (EDM). The structured programme outlines six key stages — maturity assessment across eight functional areas, strategy and roadmap development, cost-benefit analysis, investment and business model design, pilot trials, and mass deployment — to transform the national grid into a smarter, more resilient, and sustainable system. Key benefits include reduced costs of supply, improved reliability, technical and non-technical loss reduction, support for distributed generation and micro-grids, and enhanced renewable energy integration. Updated for academic archiving in 2026, the roadmap remains highly relevant amid falling smart-grid technology costs, rapid renewable growth, and Africa’s energy transition goals. This case study provides a practical, context-specific framework and transferable lessons for other utilities across Sub-Saharan Africa facing similar challenges of reliability, loss reduction, and renewable integration.","author":[{"family":"Minne","given":"Theo"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20180283","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20180283","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20180284","type":"article-journal","title":"Developing a National Smart Grid Strategy in Mozambique","abstract":"Developing a National Smart Grid Strategy in Mozambique: A Roadmap for Electricidade de Moçambique (EDM) and Lessons for Sub-Saharan Africa This paper presents a comprehensive smart grid maturity assessment and implementation roadmap developed in 2018 for Mozambique’s national utility, Electricidade de Moçambique (EDM). The structured programme outlines six key stages — maturity assessment across eight functional areas, strategy and roadmap development, cost-benefit analysis, investment and business model design, pilot trials, and mass deployment — to transform the national grid into a smarter, more resilient, and sustainable system. Key benefits include reduced costs of supply, improved reliability, technical and non-technical loss reduction, support for distributed generation and micro-grids, and enhanced renewable energy integration. Updated for academic archiving in 2026, the roadmap remains highly relevant amid falling smart-grid technology costs, rapid renewable growth, and Africa’s energy transition goals. This case study provides a practical, context-specific framework and transferable lessons for other utilities across Sub-Saharan Africa facing similar challenges of reliability, loss reduction, and renewable integration.","author":[{"family":"Minne","given":"Theo"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20180284","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20180284","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19827125","type":"article-journal","title":"Curtailment com Viés Probabilístico, Flexibilidade Operativa e Eficiência Sistêmica no SIN: Proposta de Integração Metodológica para o PEN 2026","abstract":"Este trabalho apresenta uma contribuição técnica ao Plano da Operação Energética 2026–2030 (PEN 2026), com foco na integração metodológica entre a avaliação probabilística de curtailment, a flexibilidade operativa e a eficiência sistêmica no Sistema Interligado Nacional (SIN). Embora o PEN 2026 incorpore o curtailment como eixo analítico e mantenha a flexibilidade operativa como tema relevante, ambos ainda são tratados de forma paralela, sem um mecanismo explícito de integração. Essa limitação reduz a capacidade do plano de apoiar decisões relacionadas à expansão da transmissão, alocação de recursos de flexibilidade e operação do sistema. Para enfrentar essa lacuna, o estudo propõe o Framework CEF (Curtailment–Eficiência–Flexibilidade), uma camada analítica complementar que conecta a classificação causal do curtailment, a eficiência sistêmica e as restrições operativas. O framework é suportado por métricas estruturadas que permitem interpretar o curtailment como variável de decisão, e não apenas como indicador observacional. A proposta não substitui os modelos existentes, mas amplia sua capacidade interpretativa, contribuindo para diagnósticos mais precisos, melhor sinalização de investimentos e maior aderência do planejamento à crescente participação de fontes renováveis variáveis. This work presents a technical contribution to the 2026–2030 Energy Operation Plan (PEN 2026) of the Brazilian Interconnected System (SIN), focusing on the methodological integration of probabilistic curtailment assessment, operational flexibility, and systemic efficiency. Although PEN 2026 introduces curtailment and maintains operational flexibility as relevant analytical dimensions, both are treated as parallel components without an explicit integration mechanism. This limitation reduces the ability of the plan to support decision-making related to transmission expansion, flexibility resources, and system operation. To address this gap, the study proposes the CEF Framework (Curtailment–Efficiency–Flexibility), a complementary analytical layer designed to connect causal classification of curtailment, system efficiency, and operational constraints. The framework is supported by structured metrics that enable improved interpretation of curtailment as a decision variable rather than a purely observational indicator. The proposed approach does not replace existing planning models but enhances their interpretability, contributing to more accurate diagnostics, improved investment signaling, and better alignment between system operation and the increasing penetration of variable renewable energy sources.","author":[{"family":"Ferreira","given":"David"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19827125","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19827125","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19827126","type":"article-journal","title":"Curtailment com Viés Probabilístico, Flexibilidade Operativa e Eficiência Sistêmica no SIN: Proposta de Integração Metodológica para o PEN 2026","abstract":"Este trabalho apresenta uma contribuição técnica ao Plano da Operação Energética 2026–2030 (PEN 2026), com foco na integração metodológica entre a avaliação probabilística de curtailment, a flexibilidade operativa e a eficiência sistêmica no Sistema Interligado Nacional (SIN). Embora o PEN 2026 incorpore o curtailment como eixo analítico e mantenha a flexibilidade operativa como tema relevante, ambos ainda são tratados de forma paralela, sem um mecanismo explícito de integração. Essa limitação reduz a capacidade do plano de apoiar decisões relacionadas à expansão da transmissão, alocação de recursos de flexibilidade e operação do sistema. Para enfrentar essa lacuna, o estudo propõe o Framework CEF (Curtailment–Eficiência–Flexibilidade), uma camada analítica complementar que conecta a classificação causal do curtailment, a eficiência sistêmica e as restrições operativas. O framework é suportado por métricas estruturadas que permitem interpretar o curtailment como variável de decisão, e não apenas como indicador observacional. A proposta não substitui os modelos existentes, mas amplia sua capacidade interpretativa, contribuindo para diagnósticos mais precisos, melhor sinalização de investimentos e maior aderência do planejamento à crescente participação de fontes renováveis variáveis. This work presents a technical contribution to the 2026–2030 Energy Operation Plan (PEN 2026) of the Brazilian Interconnected System (SIN), focusing on the methodological integration of probabilistic curtailment assessment, operational flexibility, and systemic efficiency. Although PEN 2026 introduces curtailment and maintains operational flexibility as relevant analytical dimensions, both are treated as parallel components without an explicit integration mechanism. This limitation reduces the ability of the plan to support decision-making related to transmission expansion, flexibility resources, and system operation. To address this gap, the study proposes the CEF Framework (Curtailment–Efficiency–Flexibility), a complementary analytical layer designed to connect causal classification of curtailment, system efficiency, and operational constraints. The framework is supported by structured metrics that enable improved interpretation of curtailment as a decision variable rather than a purely observational indicator. The proposed approach does not replace existing planning models but enhances their interpretability, contributing to more accurate diagnostics, improved investment signaling, and better alignment between system operation and the increasing penetration of variable renewable energy sources.","author":[{"family":"Ferreira","given":"David"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19827126","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19827126","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20669826","type":"article-journal","title":"Replication package for: \"No Regime Switch, but a Robust Renewable-Energy Channel: Re-examining the FDI–CO2–Climate Policy Nexus with Search-Inflation-Aware Threshold Testing (33 OECD Economies, 1999–2019)\"","abstract":"Complete replication package for the study \"No Regime Switch, but a Robust Renewable-Energy Channel\" (Sadik, 2026). The study finds no robust climate-policy-stringency regime switch in the FDI–CO2 or renewables–CO2 relationship across 33 OECD economies (1999–2019); an apparently significant abrupt renewable-energy threshold (naive p ≈ 0.007) is shown to be a threshold-search-inflation artifact via a permutation test (empirical p = 0.158, B = 999), while a strong linear renewable-energy decarbonisation effect is robust (CCEMG t = −5.77). The package contains raw data extracts (World Bank WDI; Our World in Data CO2; OECD CAPMF LEV1_SEC), the full R pipeline (numbered scripts 01–22 with master orchestrator run_all.R, full and analysis-only modes), all output tables and figures, the saved permutation distribution, a codebook, data provenance with MD5 checksums, sessionInfo, and a verified run log. The pipeline has been independently verified end-to-end on two platforms (macOS/R 4.6; Linux/R 4.3) with cross-platform numerical agreement.","author":[{"family":"Sadik","given":"Siblee"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20669826","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20669826","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20669827","type":"article-journal","title":"Replication package for: \"No Regime Switch, but a Robust Renewable-Energy Channel: Re-examining the FDI–CO2–Climate Policy Nexus with Search-Inflation-Aware Threshold Testing (33 OECD Economies, 1999–2019)\"","abstract":"Complete replication package for the study \"No Regime Switch, but a Robust Renewable-Energy Channel\" (Sadik, 2026). The study finds no robust climate-policy-stringency regime switch in the FDI–CO2 or renewables–CO2 relationship across 33 OECD economies (1999–2019); an apparently significant abrupt renewable-energy threshold (naive p ≈ 0.007) is shown to be a threshold-search-inflation artifact via a permutation test (empirical p = 0.158, B = 999), while a strong linear renewable-energy decarbonisation effect is robust (CCEMG t = −5.77). The package contains raw data extracts (World Bank WDI; Our World in Data CO2; OECD CAPMF LEV1_SEC), the full R pipeline (numbered scripts 01–22 with master orchestrator run_all.R, full and analysis-only modes), all output tables and figures, the saved permutation distribution, a codebook, data provenance with MD5 checksums, sessionInfo, and a verified run log. The pipeline has been independently verified end-to-end on two platforms (macOS/R 4.6; Linux/R 4.3) with cross-platform numerical agreement.","author":[{"family":"Sadik","given":"Siblee"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20669827","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20669827","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20707851","type":"article-journal","title":"Green Logistics and Port Decarbonization Strategies: Toward Sustainable and Efficient Maritime Operations","abstract":"Ports and maritime logistics are facing increasing environmental pressures as global trade expands and decarbonization targets intensify. This research explores how port ecosystems can reduce their environmental impact while maintaining operational performance, with a focus on renewable energy integration, digital transformation, and international cooperation as key drivers of green transition. Building on a multidisciplinary background that combines civil engineering, maritime operations, and logistics, the study introduces an original exploratory concept aimed at enhancing sustainability in port infrastructures. Although still at an early conceptual stage, this idea proposes a hybrid bio-civil approach that could support long-term emission reduction while preserving efficiency. This conceptual direction will be further developed within a doctoral research framework at the World Maritime University (WMU), given its global leadership in maritime environmental innovation. The study employs a qualitative methodology supported by an extensive literature review, professional interviews, and case studies from leading ports, including Le Havre and Marseille. The findings highlight realistic decarbonization strategies, the challenges encountered by port authorities, and the conditions required for successful implementation. Overall, the research contributes to the ongoing discussion on sustainable port development and supports the transition toward cleaner, more resilient, and climate-aligned maritime systems.","author":[{"family":"Charrat","given":"Zakaria"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20707851","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20707851","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20707852","type":"article-journal","title":"Green Logistics and Port Decarbonization Strategies: Toward Sustainable and Efficient Maritime Operations","abstract":"Ports and maritime logistics are facing increasing environmental pressures as global trade expands and decarbonization targets intensify. This research explores how port ecosystems can reduce their environmental impact while maintaining operational performance, with a focus on renewable energy integration, digital transformation, and international cooperation as key drivers of green transition. Building on a multidisciplinary background that combines civil engineering, maritime operations, and logistics, the study introduces an original exploratory concept aimed at enhancing sustainability in port infrastructures. Although still at an early conceptual stage, this idea proposes a hybrid bio-civil approach that could support long-term emission reduction while preserving efficiency. This conceptual direction will be further developed within a doctoral research framework at the World Maritime University (WMU), given its global leadership in maritime environmental innovation. The study employs a qualitative methodology supported by an extensive literature review, professional interviews, and case studies from leading ports, including Le Havre and Marseille. The findings highlight realistic decarbonization strategies, the challenges encountered by port authorities, and the conditions required for successful implementation. Overall, the research contributes to the ongoing discussion on sustainable port development and supports the transition toward cleaner, more resilient, and climate-aligned maritime systems.","author":[{"family":"Charrat","given":"Zakaria"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20707852","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20707852","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20441874","type":"article-journal","title":"OPTIMIZATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS USING MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS","abstract":"The article analyzes optimization of renewable energy systems using machine learning algorithms. Machine learning improves renewable energy system performance by forecasting energy production, optimizing storage, and balancing variable generation. Intelligent algorithms support more stable integration of solar and wind resources into modern power systems. The aim of the study was to evaluate the technical, functional, and practical significance of this approach in modern engineering systems. The study used analytical review, comparative assessment, and synthesis of current engineering literature. The results show that the investigated technology improves operational efficiency, reliability, safety, and sustainability. The findings may be useful for engineers, researchers, and managers involved in the modernization of industrial and technological processes.","author":[{"family":"Wilson","given":"RT"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20441874","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20441874","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20441875","type":"article-journal","title":"OPTIMIZATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS USING MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS","abstract":"The article analyzes optimization of renewable energy systems using machine learning algorithms. Machine learning improves renewable energy system performance by forecasting energy production, optimizing storage, and balancing variable generation. Intelligent algorithms support more stable integration of solar and wind resources into modern power systems. The aim of the study was to evaluate the technical, functional, and practical significance of this approach in modern engineering systems. The study used analytical review, comparative assessment, and synthesis of current engineering literature. The results show that the investigated technology improves operational efficiency, reliability, safety, and sustainability. The findings may be useful for engineers, researchers, and managers involved in the modernization of industrial and technological processes.","author":[{"family":"Wilson","given":"RT"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20441875","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20441875","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21606384","type":"article-journal","title":"The Carbon Conundrum: A Systematic Analysis of Environmental Impacts in Large-Scale Cloud Computing Infrastructure","abstract":"This article examines the complex relationship between cloud computing infrastructure and environmental sustainability, analyzing challenges and opportunities in the rapidly evolving digital landscape. Through a comprehensive article review of current literature, industry reports, and case studies, we investigate four primary environmental concerns: energy consumption, carbon emissions, water usage, and electronic waste generation in cloud computing operations. The findings reveal that while data centers currently account for approximately 1% of global electricity consumption with a projected annual growth rate of 9%, emerging technologies and practices demonstrate promising potential for mitigation. The article identifies significant opportunities for environmental impact reduction through resource optimization, remote work enablement, and smart city integration, with virtualization technologies showing potential energy savings of 30-40% in typical deployments. The article proposes a framework for sustainable cloud computing that encompasses renewable energy adoption, circular economy principles, and innovative cooling solutions. The article concludes that while cloud computing poses substantial environmental challenges, strategic implementation of sustainable practices, technological innovation, and policy support can transform these challenges into opportunities for environmental stewardship in the digital age. These findings have important implications for cloud service providers, policymakers, and organizations pursuing digital transformation while minimizing ecological impact.","author":[{"family":"Khedkar","given":"Vaibhav"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21606384","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21606384","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21606385","type":"article-journal","title":"The Carbon Conundrum: A Systematic Analysis of Environmental Impacts in Large-Scale Cloud Computing Infrastructure","abstract":"This article examines the complex relationship between cloud computing infrastructure and environmental sustainability, analyzing challenges and opportunities in the rapidly evolving digital landscape. Through a comprehensive article review of current literature, industry reports, and case studies, we investigate four primary environmental concerns: energy consumption, carbon emissions, water usage, and electronic waste generation in cloud computing operations. The findings reveal that while data centers currently account for approximately 1% of global electricity consumption with a projected annual growth rate of 9%, emerging technologies and practices demonstrate promising potential for mitigation. The article identifies significant opportunities for environmental impact reduction through resource optimization, remote work enablement, and smart city integration, with virtualization technologies showing potential energy savings of 30-40% in typical deployments. The article proposes a framework for sustainable cloud computing that encompasses renewable energy adoption, circular economy principles, and innovative cooling solutions. The article concludes that while cloud computing poses substantial environmental challenges, strategic implementation of sustainable practices, technological innovation, and policy support can transform these challenges into opportunities for environmental stewardship in the digital age. These findings have important implications for cloud service providers, policymakers, and organizations pursuing digital transformation while minimizing ecological impact.","author":[{"family":"Khedkar","given":"Vaibhav"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21606385","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21606385","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21578693","type":"article-journal","title":"The Ecological Consequences of Car Emissions and the Emergence of Electric Vehicle Solutions","abstract":"Automobile emissions have a significant environmental impact, contributing to air pollution, climate change, and other environmental issues. Minimizing the effects of climate change and reducing dependency on fossil fuels are the two major problems facing the car industry today. Several methods are being considered to resolve these problems. Among these are the adoption of electric cars, better engine design, and the transition to ecologically benign alternative fuels. Electric vehicles (EVs) are a potential solution to this problem, as they emit no tailpipe emissions. However, the environmental impact of EVs is not entirely clear, as they also have a carbon footprint associated with their production and use. Electric vehicles (EVs) can reduce automobile emissions more effectively if they are powered by electricity generated by renewable energy, avoiding pollution caused by generating stations that use fossil fuels. As a result, renewable energy's position in the transportation sector is critical. This paper examines the environmental impact of automobile emissions. It also provides a brief overview of the development of EVs. The review concludes that EVs have the potential to drastically lessen the environmental impact of transportation, but more research is necessary to fully comprehend this impact as well as to overcome the obstacles related to their development and implementation.","author":[{"family":"Bharadwaj","given":"PS"},{"family":"Kullayappa","given":"Paneti"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21578693","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21578693","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21578694","type":"article-journal","title":"The Ecological Consequences of Car Emissions and the Emergence of Electric Vehicle Solutions","abstract":"Automobile emissions have a significant environmental impact, contributing to air pollution, climate change, and other environmental issues. Minimizing the effects of climate change and reducing dependency on fossil fuels are the two major problems facing the car industry today. Several methods are being considered to resolve these problems. Among these are the adoption of electric cars, better engine design, and the transition to ecologically benign alternative fuels. Electric vehicles (EVs) are a potential solution to this problem, as they emit no tailpipe emissions. However, the environmental impact of EVs is not entirely clear, as they also have a carbon footprint associated with their production and use. Electric vehicles (EVs) can reduce automobile emissions more effectively if they are powered by electricity generated by renewable energy, avoiding pollution caused by generating stations that use fossil fuels. As a result, renewable energy's position in the transportation sector is critical. This paper examines the environmental impact of automobile emissions. It also provides a brief overview of the development of EVs. The review concludes that EVs have the potential to drastically lessen the environmental impact of transportation, but more research is necessary to fully comprehend this impact as well as to overcome the obstacles related to their development and implementation.","author":[{"family":"Bharadwaj","given":"PS"},{"family":"Kullayappa","given":"Paneti"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21578694","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21578694","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22126648","type":"article-journal","title":"Sustainable Artificial Intelligence and Green Data Centres: The Need of the Hour for Environmentally Responsible Digital Transformation","abstract":"Abstract Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technology driving digital innovation across healthcare, finance, education, manufacturing, transportation, and smart cities. However, the rapid advancement of deep learning, foundation models, and generative AI has substantially increased the computational demands placed on modern data centers. The growing dependence on Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), high-performance computing clusters, and cloud-based infrastructures has resulted in extreme electricity consumption, increased greenhouse gas emissions, intensive water usage for cooling, and higher operational costs. These environmental challenges have made sustainability a critical consideration in the future development of AI systems. Sustainable Artificial Intelligence (Sustainable AI) and Green Data Centers have emerged as complementary approaches for reducing the environmental footprint of AI while maintaining computational efficiency and service quality. Sustainable AI focuses on developing computationally efficient algorithms, optimizing model architectures, and minimizing energy consumption throughout the AI lifecycle. Green Data Centers support these objectives by integrating energy-efficient hardware, renewable energy sources, intelligent cooling technologies, virtualization, carbon-aware workload scheduling, and AI-driven resource management. Together, these approaches enable environmentally responsible digital transformation by reducing carbon emissions, improving energy efficiency, and enhancing resource utilization. This paper presents a comprehensive review of Sustainable Artificial Intelligence and Green Data Centers, examining recent technological advancements, sustainability challenges, industry practices, and emerging research trends. It proposes an integrated conceptual framework that combines Green AI techniques with sustainable data center infrastructure to achieve environmentally responsible AI deployment. The paper also discusses key performance indicators, including Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE), Carbon Usage Effectiveness (CUE), Water Usage Effectiveness (WUE), and renewable energy utilization, for evaluating sustainable AI infrastructures. Finally, future research directions are identified to support the development of carbon-neutral AI ecosystems aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).","author":[{"family":"Bhakta","given":"Disha"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22126648","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22126648","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22126647","type":"article-journal","title":"Sustainable Artificial Intelligence and Green Data Centres: The Need of the Hour for Environmentally Responsible Digital Transformation","abstract":"Abstract Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technology driving digital innovation across healthcare, finance, education, manufacturing, transportation, and smart cities. However, the rapid advancement of deep learning, foundation models, and generative AI has substantially increased the computational demands placed on modern data centers. The growing dependence on Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), high-performance computing clusters, and cloud-based infrastructures has resulted in extreme electricity consumption, increased greenhouse gas emissions, intensive water usage for cooling, and higher operational costs. These environmental challenges have made sustainability a critical consideration in the future development of AI systems. Sustainable Artificial Intelligence (Sustainable AI) and Green Data Centers have emerged as complementary approaches for reducing the environmental footprint of AI while maintaining computational efficiency and service quality. Sustainable AI focuses on developing computationally efficient algorithms, optimizing model architectures, and minimizing energy consumption throughout the AI lifecycle. Green Data Centers support these objectives by integrating energy-efficient hardware, renewable energy sources, intelligent cooling technologies, virtualization, carbon-aware workload scheduling, and AI-driven resource management. Together, these approaches enable environmentally responsible digital transformation by reducing carbon emissions, improving energy efficiency, and enhancing resource utilization. This paper presents a comprehensive review of Sustainable Artificial Intelligence and Green Data Centers, examining recent technological advancements, sustainability challenges, industry practices, and emerging research trends. It proposes an integrated conceptual framework that combines Green AI techniques with sustainable data center infrastructure to achieve environmentally responsible AI deployment. The paper also discusses key performance indicators, including Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE), Carbon Usage Effectiveness (CUE), Water Usage Effectiveness (WUE), and renewable energy utilization, for evaluating sustainable AI infrastructures. Finally, future research directions are identified to support the development of carbon-neutral AI ecosystems aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).","author":[{"family":"Bhakta","given":"Disha"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22126647","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22126647","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21515811","type":"article-journal","title":"Genome-Aligned Primal Health Framework - Chapter 01 - Who we are? What's happening?","abstract":"From Simplicity to the Complexity of the Modern Ecosystem: An Evolutionary Systems Perspective on Human Health, Nature, Live Acoustic Music, Civilization, and the Future of Humanity One of the central hypotheses of this research is that before becoming a technological species, human beings are fundamentally an evolutionary biological species. The human genome did not evolve within hospitals, laboratories, industrial cities, or digital environments. Instead, it developed over hundreds of thousands of years through continuous interaction with pristine natural ecosystems, biodiversity, sunlight, natural soundscapes, physical movement, seasonal nutritional variation, and ecological cycles. From this perspective, nature is not merely the environment in which humans live; it is an integral component of the biological regulatory system that shaped the evolution of Homo sapiens. Modern systems science demonstrates that complex systems cannot be fully understood by studying their individual components in isolation. The behavior of the entire system emerges from the dynamic interactions among its interconnected parts. This principle is fundamental to Systems Biology, Systems Neuroscience, Ecology, Network Science, Complexity Science, and Systems Medicine. Accordingly, this research proposes that the human organism should be understood as a Complex Adaptive Biological System, in which the genome, epigenome, nervous system, endocrine system, immune system, microbiome, metabolism, behavior, environment, and culture continuously interact across multiple temporal and spatial scales. Within this framework, pristine natural environments are hypothesized to function not simply as recreational spaces but as multi-layered biological regulatory ecosystems capable of simultaneously influencing neural activity, endocrine regulation, immune function, metabolic homeostasis, psychological resilience, and adaptive physiological responses. This conceptual perspective is broadly consistent with emerging scientific frameworks such as Planetary Health, One Health, the Exposome, Systems Medicine, and Evolutionary Medicine, although the specific hypotheses proposed in this work remain subject to future experimental validation. A second pillar of this framework concerns live acoustic music. Throughout human evolution, the auditory system developed primarily within naturally occurring acoustic environments composed of wind, rainfall, flowing water, birdsong, insects, and other ecological sounds. Similarly, live acoustic musical instruments generate continuously evolving harmonic structures governed by the physical laws of vibration rather than digital synthesis. Recent advances in cognitive neuroscience suggest that music simultaneously engages prediction networks, motor coordination, emotional regulation, memory systems, reward pathways, and social cognition. Rather than considering music merely as entertainment, this research hypothesizes that live acoustic music may represent an evolutionarily compatible sensory environment capable of contributing to biological regulation when integrated with natural ecosystems. The third component of this conceptual architecture is physical movement. For hundreds of thousands of years, human physiology evolved under conditions requiring continuous locomotion, climbing, carrying, exploration, hunting, gathering, balance, coordination, and endurance. Consequently, modern sedentary lifestyles may represent another evolutionary mismatch between ancestral biological programming and contemporary civilization. This research therefore proposes that personalized physical activity should be understood not simply as exercise, but as a biological communication process through which mechanical loading, metabolism, endocrine signaling, immune regulation, cardiovascular adaptation, and neural plasticity continuously interact. When pristine nature, live acoustic music, personalized physical activity, natural nutrition, restorative sleep, a","author":[{"family":"Piran","given":"Mohammad"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21515811","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21515811","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19604849","type":"article-journal","title":"THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ON THE HEALTH AND LONGEVITY OF ENTREPRENEURS","abstract":"This study examines environmental pollution and life expectancy among intrapreneurs in Nigeria from 1981 to 2023. The study envisages the outcomes on post Covid-19 from 2020-2023 using review analysis on the sustainability, survival and success of intrapreneurs in the business enterprise. Methodology/Approach Hence, empirical data from 1981-2019 in antecedents to the past using annual time series data obtained from secondary sources and analyzed using the Toda-Yamamoto estimation technique of analysis. The study used Life Expectancy to capture post covid-19 outcomes among intrapreneurs with response variable as Carbon dioxide, Nitrous Oxide, Health Outcomes and Particulate Matter were used as the main explanatory variables, whereas Government Expenditure on Health is used as the check or control variable. Findings The findings reveal that Carbon dioxide, Nitrous oxide and Particulate Matter reveal no causality with Life Expectancy during the period of study. Implying that Carbon dioxide emission, Nitrous oxide emission and Particulate Matter do not contribute or result to life expectancy reduction in Nigeria during the period of study (1981-2023). However, further finding reveals that increase in life Expectancy result a causal effect on carbon dioxide emission, implying that increase in life expectancy leads to a continuous pollution of the environment especially the Carbon dioxide emission in the period of study. Research Implications/Practical implications Moreover, the current life expectancy for Nigeria in 2023 is 55.75 years, a 0.57% increase from 2022. The life expectancy for Nigeria in 2022 was 55.44 years, a 0.57% increase from 2021. The study recommended that clean and renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy and Hydro energy to replace the fossil fuel energy in the country. Also, products that utilize solar energy, wind energy, Hydro energy and other renewable product should be made tax free in order to encourage mass production. This is in a bid to cut down the rate of emission in the country on the after-math of Covid-19. The study further recommends green entrepreneurship should be promoted for the sustainability, survival and success of intrapreneurs in line with the people, planet and profit both in the short-term and long-term","author":[{"family":"Boateng","given":"Kwame"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19604849","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19604849","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19604850","type":"article-journal","title":"THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ON THE HEALTH AND LONGEVITY OF ENTREPRENEURS","abstract":"This study examines environmental pollution and life expectancy among intrapreneurs in Nigeria from 1981 to 2023. The study envisages the outcomes on post Covid-19 from 2020-2023 using review analysis on the sustainability, survival and success of intrapreneurs in the business enterprise. Methodology/Approach Hence, empirical data from 1981-2019 in antecedents to the past using annual time series data obtained from secondary sources and analyzed using the Toda-Yamamoto estimation technique of analysis. The study used Life Expectancy to capture post covid-19 outcomes among intrapreneurs with response variable as Carbon dioxide, Nitrous Oxide, Health Outcomes and Particulate Matter were used as the main explanatory variables, whereas Government Expenditure on Health is used as the check or control variable. Findings The findings reveal that Carbon dioxide, Nitrous oxide and Particulate Matter reveal no causality with Life Expectancy during the period of study. Implying that Carbon dioxide emission, Nitrous oxide emission and Particulate Matter do not contribute or result to life expectancy reduction in Nigeria during the period of study (1981-2023). However, further finding reveals that increase in life Expectancy result a causal effect on carbon dioxide emission, implying that increase in life expectancy leads to a continuous pollution of the environment especially the Carbon dioxide emission in the period of study. Research Implications/Practical implications Moreover, the current life expectancy for Nigeria in 2023 is 55.75 years, a 0.57% increase from 2022. The life expectancy for Nigeria in 2022 was 55.44 years, a 0.57% increase from 2021. The study recommended that clean and renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy and Hydro energy to replace the fossil fuel energy in the country. Also, products that utilize solar energy, wind energy, Hydro energy and other renewable product should be made tax free in order to encourage mass production. This is in a bid to cut down the rate of emission in the country on the after-math of Covid-19. The study further recommends green entrepreneurship should be promoted for the sustainability, survival and success of intrapreneurs in line with the people, planet and profit both in the short-term and long-term","author":[{"family":"Boateng","given":"Kwame"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19604850","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19604850","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.21256/zhaw-37437","type":"article-journal","title":"Impact of temperature reduction strategies on socio-economic KPIs of district heating : insights from a simulation experiment","abstract":"This report links technological insights on temperature reduction in Swiss district heating grids to municipal energy policy and utility strategy. A literature review combined with desk research shows that few cities in Switzerland have explicit temperature reduction strategies, and only three are explicitly pursuing such strategies with the primary goal of integrating low-temperature renewable energy sources. Drawing on insights from a case study of Geneva’s temperature reduction strategies, we present a simulation model connecting technical potentials to strategic and policy levers. Results show that temperature reduction has clear socio-economic benefits, in the form of lower annual costs for consumers, in a scenario where low-temperature renewables are being integrated into an existing DH grid. However, these benefits are not always proportional to the degree of temperature reduction achieved. These results will form the basis for the participatory elaboration of guidelines on incorporating temperature reduction in municipal energy strategies. Dieser Bericht verknüpft technologische Erkenntnisse zur Temperatursenkung in Schweizer Fernwärmenetzen mit der kommunalen Energiepolitik und der Strategie der Versorgungsunternehmen. Eine Literaturrecherche in Verbindung mit Sekundärforschung zeigt, dass nur wenige Städte in der Schweiz über explizite Strategien zur Temperatursenkung verfügen und nur drei solche Strategien ausdrücklich verfolgen, wobei das vorrangige Ziel die Integration von erneuerbaren Niedertemperatur-Energiequellen ist. Auf der Grundlage von Erkenntnissen aus einer Fallstudie zu den Temperatursenkungsstrategien der Stadt Genf stellen wir ein Simulationsmodell vor, das technische Potenziale mit strategischen und politischen Hebeln verknüpft. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Temperaturreduktion in einem Szenario, in dem niedrigtemperaturige erneuerbare Energien in ein bestehendes Fernwärmenetz integriert werden, klare sozioökonomische Vorteile in Form von niedrigeren jährlichen Kosten für die Verbraucher mit sich bringt. Diese Vorteile stehen jedoch nicht immer im Verhältnis zum Grad der erreichten Temperaturreduktion. Diese Ergebnisse bilden die Grundlage für die partizipative Ausarbeitung von Leitlinien zur Einbeziehung der Temperaturreduktion in kommunale Energiestrategien. Ce rapport établit un lien entre les connaissances techniques relatives à la réduction de la température dans les réseaux de chauffage urbain suisses et la politique énergétique municipale ainsi que la stratégie des services publics. Une analyse documentaire combinée à des recherches théoriques montre que peu de villes suisses disposent de stratégies explicites de réduction de la température, et que seules trois d’entre elles poursuivent explicitement de telles stratégies avec pour objectif principal l’intégration de sources d’énergie renouvelables à basse température. En nous appuyant sur les enseignements tirés d’une étude de cas consacrée aux stratégies de réduction de la température de Genève, nous présentons un modèle de simulation reliant les potentiels techniques aux leviers stratégiques et politiques. Les résultats montrent que la réduction de la température présente des avantages socio-économiques évidents, sous la forme d’une baisse des coûts annuels pour les consommateurs, dans un scénario où des énergies renouvelables à basse température sont intégrées dans un réseau de chauffage urbain existant. Cependant, ces avantages ne sont pas toujours proportionnels au degré de réduction de température atteint. Ces résultats serviront de base à l’élaboration participative de lignes directrices sur l’intégration de la réduction de la température dans les stratégies énergétiques municipales.","author":[{"family":"Speich","given":"Matthias"},{"family":"Ulli-Beer","given":"Silvia"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.21256/zhaw-37437","URL":"https://doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-37437","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20656944","type":"article-journal","title":"Sustainable Housing Development Strategies","abstract":"Sustainable housing development has become a major priority in modern urban planning and infrastructure development due to rapid urbanization, population growth, environmental degradation, climate change, and increasing housing demand worldwide. Conventional housing development practices often result in excessive energy consumption, resource depletion, greenhouse gas emissions, environmental pollution, and inefficient land utilization. Sustainable housing aims to provide affordable, energy-efficient, environmentally responsible, socially inclusive, and economically viable residential infrastructure while minimizing ecological impacts throughout the building lifecycle. This article presents a comprehensive review of sustainable housing development strategies, including green building design, renewable energy integration, resource-efficient construction, water conservation, waste management, climate-resilient infrastructure, and smart housing technologies. The study examines sustainable planning approaches such as passive design, energy-efficient building systems, affordable housing models, eco-friendly construction materials, smart city integration, and circular economy principles. Modern technologies such as Building Information Modeling (BIM), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), digital twins, and smart energy management systems used in sustainable housing are also discussed. Furthermore, environmental, economic, social, and operational benefits associated with sustainable housing development are analyzed along with implementation challenges and future trends. The findings indicate that sustainable housing strategies significantly improve energy efficiency, environmental protection, affordability, social well-being, and urban resilience while supporting long-term sustainable development goa","author":[{"family":"Abhilash","given":"P"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20656944","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20656944","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20656945","type":"article-journal","title":"Sustainable Housing Development Strategies","abstract":"Sustainable housing development has become a major priority in modern urban planning and infrastructure development due to rapid urbanization, population growth, environmental degradation, climate change, and increasing housing demand worldwide. Conventional housing development practices often result in excessive energy consumption, resource depletion, greenhouse gas emissions, environmental pollution, and inefficient land utilization. Sustainable housing aims to provide affordable, energy-efficient, environmentally responsible, socially inclusive, and economically viable residential infrastructure while minimizing ecological impacts throughout the building lifecycle. This article presents a comprehensive review of sustainable housing development strategies, including green building design, renewable energy integration, resource-efficient construction, water conservation, waste management, climate-resilient infrastructure, and smart housing technologies. The study examines sustainable planning approaches such as passive design, energy-efficient building systems, affordable housing models, eco-friendly construction materials, smart city integration, and circular economy principles. Modern technologies such as Building Information Modeling (BIM), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), digital twins, and smart energy management systems used in sustainable housing are also discussed. Furthermore, environmental, economic, social, and operational benefits associated with sustainable housing development are analyzed along with implementation challenges and future trends. The findings indicate that sustainable housing strategies significantly improve energy efficiency, environmental protection, affordability, social well-being, and urban resilience while supporting long-term sustainable development goa","author":[{"family":"Abhilash","given":"P"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20656945","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20656945","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19467163","type":"article-journal","title":"New Vistas of Chemistry: An Interdisciplinary Approach","abstract":"Abstract Chemistry is rapidly evolving from a discipline focused primarily on molecules and reactions to an integrated, interdisciplinary field that addresses global challenges in energy, environment, health, and materials. This review-style paper surveys recent research and development trends that exemplify the convergence of chemistry with data science, materials engineering, environmental science, and industrial process engineering. Key developments include the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning to accelerate molecular design and drug discovery; advanced photocatalytic and combined treatment technologies for water remediation; electrochemical carbon capture and conversion strategies that integrate renewable electricity with CO₂ reduction; and improved analytical methods for detecting emerging contaminants such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Representative analytical data (simulated for demonstration) illustrate how interdisciplinary experiments are reported and statistically assessed: a combined photocatalytic + adsorption treatment simulated dataset shows a mean PFAS reduction of 76.3% (SD 6.0%), with a paired t-test indicating highly significant reductions (t = 18.320, p < 0.0001). The paper discusses the role of high-resolution mass spectrometry, data fusion, and chemometrics in environmental monitoring and the challenges of translating lab-scale innovations into scalable, energy-efficient technologies. We conclude that interdisciplinary frameworks, supported by robust analytics and open-data practices, are essential to accelerate the translation of chemical discoveries into societal impact while ensuring environmental safety and sustainability.","author":[{"family":"Sudarshan","given":"Ambala"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19467163","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19467163","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19467164","type":"article-journal","title":"New Vistas of Chemistry: An Interdisciplinary Approach","abstract":"Abstract Chemistry is rapidly evolving from a discipline focused primarily on molecules and reactions to an integrated, interdisciplinary field that addresses global challenges in energy, environment, health, and materials. This review-style paper surveys recent research and development trends that exemplify the convergence of chemistry with data science, materials engineering, environmental science, and industrial process engineering. Key developments include the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning to accelerate molecular design and drug discovery; advanced photocatalytic and combined treatment technologies for water remediation; electrochemical carbon capture and conversion strategies that integrate renewable electricity with CO₂ reduction; and improved analytical methods for detecting emerging contaminants such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Representative analytical data (simulated for demonstration) illustrate how interdisciplinary experiments are reported and statistically assessed: a combined photocatalytic + adsorption treatment simulated dataset shows a mean PFAS reduction of 76.3% (SD 6.0%), with a paired t-test indicating highly significant reductions (t = 18.320, p < 0.0001). The paper discusses the role of high-resolution mass spectrometry, data fusion, and chemometrics in environmental monitoring and the challenges of translating lab-scale innovations into scalable, energy-efficient technologies. We conclude that interdisciplinary frameworks, supported by robust analytics and open-data practices, are essential to accelerate the translation of chemical discoveries into societal impact while ensuring environmental safety and sustainability.","author":[{"family":"Sudarshan","given":"Ambala"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19467164","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19467164","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20256132","type":"article-journal","title":"Bridging India's Infrastructure Gap: An Analytical Reappraisal of Public–Private Partnership Mechanisms","abstract":"The infrastructure development is one of the major pillars of the work on changing the slow-moving economy into the dynamic, modern, and competitive system on the global level. Physically, infrastructure in third world countries like India is not just an asset but a strategic facilitator of productivity, investment flows and trade integration and development of human beings. Although the rate of economic growth in the last 20 years is impressive, India continues to be ranked 70 th among 140 states in the Global Competitiveness Index with respect to infrastructure quality meaning that there is still a long way to go. According to the recent national estimates, achieving the dream of having a USD 5 trillion economy by the year 2030 will require an unimaginable investment of about USD 4.51 trillion in infrastructure-based assets and systems. As part of these requirements, the Government of India has declared a bold budgetary allocation of 100 lakh crore to be implemented in the coming five years in over 6500 infrastructural projects. These investments are a diverse range; they include social, commercial infrastructure, digital and communication infrastructure, national and state transport corridors, renewable and conventional energy infrastructure, water and sanitation infrastructure. The National Infrastructure Pipeline (NIP), PM Gati Shakti, Bharatmala, Sagarmala, Smart Cities Mission and Digital India are indicators of a comprehensive and long-term outlook of modernizing the infrastructural environment in the country. On the whole, these programmes aim at minimizing logistical bottlenecks, improving connectivity, promoting private investment and achieving balanced regional development. Considering the very scale of financial demands, the PPP[1] model has become an inevitable tool of mobilising the Indian infrastructure-related sphere of the private capital, professional skills and technological advancement. PPPs are crucial towards closing the funding gap, risk-sharing in a more efficient manner and delivering complex infrastructure projects in stiffer time frames. Nonetheless, the PPP model in India has not been without its own fair share of challenges such as regulatory ambiguity, the lack of institutional ability, uneven distribution of risks, financial limitations and lack of speed in conflict settlement. Such concerns have triggered policymakers to re-analyse and enhance PPP architecture to build greater institutional trust and invite long term participation of the private. In this paper, therefore, a critical analysis of the PPP model in India is being conducted in terms of its relevance, weaknesses in its operations, and possible area of improvement. It has been structured into six sections: the importance of infrastructure in economic development; the presentation of the PPP model; the review of scholarly literature; the statement of the research problem and guiding questions; the analysis of major issues and their solutions in practice; and, lastly, the conclusion and recommendations regarding further research. The research will be used to enhance the knowledge on the infrastructural imperatives in India and how the role of PPPs to assist India has changed through this analytical framework. [1] Public-Private Partnership (PPP) refers to a long-term cooperative arrangement between a government entity and a private sector organisation for delivering public infrastructure or services, in which the private partner assumes significant financial, managerial and operational responsibility.","author":[{"family":"Rani","given":"Pooja"},{"family":"Monika","given":"Dr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20256132","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20256132","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20256133","type":"article-journal","title":"Bridging India's Infrastructure Gap: An Analytical Reappraisal of Public–Private Partnership Mechanisms","abstract":"The infrastructure development is one of the major pillars of the work on changing the slow-moving economy into the dynamic, modern, and competitive system on the global level. Physically, infrastructure in third world countries like India is not just an asset but a strategic facilitator of productivity, investment flows and trade integration and development of human beings. Although the rate of economic growth in the last 20 years is impressive, India continues to be ranked 70 th among 140 states in the Global Competitiveness Index with respect to infrastructure quality meaning that there is still a long way to go. According to the recent national estimates, achieving the dream of having a USD 5 trillion economy by the year 2030 will require an unimaginable investment of about USD 4.51 trillion in infrastructure-based assets and systems. As part of these requirements, the Government of India has declared a bold budgetary allocation of 100 lakh crore to be implemented in the coming five years in over 6500 infrastructural projects. These investments are a diverse range; they include social, commercial infrastructure, digital and communication infrastructure, national and state transport corridors, renewable and conventional energy infrastructure, water and sanitation infrastructure. The National Infrastructure Pipeline (NIP), PM Gati Shakti, Bharatmala, Sagarmala, Smart Cities Mission and Digital India are indicators of a comprehensive and long-term outlook of modernizing the infrastructural environment in the country. On the whole, these programmes aim at minimizing logistical bottlenecks, improving connectivity, promoting private investment and achieving balanced regional development. Considering the very scale of financial demands, the PPP[1] model has become an inevitable tool of mobilising the Indian infrastructure-related sphere of the private capital, professional skills and technological advancement. PPPs are crucial towards closing the funding gap, risk-sharing in a more efficient manner and delivering complex infrastructure projects in stiffer time frames. Nonetheless, the PPP model in India has not been without its own fair share of challenges such as regulatory ambiguity, the lack of institutional ability, uneven distribution of risks, financial limitations and lack of speed in conflict settlement. Such concerns have triggered policymakers to re-analyse and enhance PPP architecture to build greater institutional trust and invite long term participation of the private. In this paper, therefore, a critical analysis of the PPP model in India is being conducted in terms of its relevance, weaknesses in its operations, and possible area of improvement. It has been structured into six sections: the importance of infrastructure in economic development; the presentation of the PPP model; the review of scholarly literature; the statement of the research problem and guiding questions; the analysis of major issues and their solutions in practice; and, lastly, the conclusion and recommendations regarding further research. The research will be used to enhance the knowledge on the infrastructural imperatives in India and how the role of PPPs to assist India has changed through this analytical framework. [1] Public-Private Partnership (PPP) refers to a long-term cooperative arrangement between a government entity and a private sector organisation for delivering public infrastructure or services, in which the private partner assumes significant financial, managerial and operational responsibility.","author":[{"family":"Rani","given":"Pooja"},{"family":"Monika","given":"Dr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20256133","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20256133","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20640915","type":"article-journal","title":"Environmental Sustainability in Highway Construction","abstract":"Highway infrastructure plays a crucial role in economic development, transportation efficiency, regional connectivity, and urban growth. However, highway construction activities often generate significant environmental impacts including deforestation, habitat destruction, greenhouse gas emissions, soil erosion, water pollution, noise pollution, and excessive consumption of natural resources. Increasing global concerns regarding climate change, environmental degradation, and sustainable development have intensified the need for environmentally sustainable highway construction practices. Environmental sustainability in highway construction focuses on minimizing ecological impacts, conserving natural resources, improving energy efficiency, and promoting long-term environmental protection throughout the lifecycle of highway projects. This article presents a comprehensive review of environmental sustainability in highway construction, including sustainable materials, green construction techniques, waste management, energy-efficient technologies, ecological conservation, and climate-resilient infrastructure systems. The study examines environmental assessment methods, sustainable pavement technologies, renewable energy integration, and intelligent transportation systems. The findings indicate that sustainable highway construction significantly reduces environmental impacts, improves resource efficiency, enhances infrastructure durability, and supports climate resilience. The article also discusses implementation challenges, policy frameworks, technological advancements, and future trends in sustainable highway engineering and transportation infrastructure development","author":[{"family":"Abhilash","given":"P"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20640915","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20640915","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20640916","type":"article-journal","title":"Environmental Sustainability in Highway Construction","abstract":"Highway infrastructure plays a crucial role in economic development, transportation efficiency, regional connectivity, and urban growth. However, highway construction activities often generate significant environmental impacts including deforestation, habitat destruction, greenhouse gas emissions, soil erosion, water pollution, noise pollution, and excessive consumption of natural resources. Increasing global concerns regarding climate change, environmental degradation, and sustainable development have intensified the need for environmentally sustainable highway construction practices. Environmental sustainability in highway construction focuses on minimizing ecological impacts, conserving natural resources, improving energy efficiency, and promoting long-term environmental protection throughout the lifecycle of highway projects. This article presents a comprehensive review of environmental sustainability in highway construction, including sustainable materials, green construction techniques, waste management, energy-efficient technologies, ecological conservation, and climate-resilient infrastructure systems. The study examines environmental assessment methods, sustainable pavement technologies, renewable energy integration, and intelligent transportation systems. The findings indicate that sustainable highway construction significantly reduces environmental impacts, improves resource efficiency, enhances infrastructure durability, and supports climate resilience. The article also discusses implementation challenges, policy frameworks, technological advancements, and future trends in sustainable highway engineering and transportation infrastructure development","author":[{"family":"Abhilash","given":"P"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20640916","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20640916","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20597697","type":"article-journal","title":"Generators, Motors, and Transformers: How Induction Works","abstract":"This educational resource explains how generators, motors, and transformers apply the principles of electromagnetism and electromagnetic induction in practical machines. It shows how generators convert mechanical motion into electrical energy, how motors convert electrical energy into mechanical motion, and how transformers use changing magnetic flux between coils to change AC voltage levels. The resource is designed for students preparing for university-level physics and engineering. It connects Faraday’s law, Lenz’s law, magnetic force, mutual induction, back emf, transformer ratios, and energy conservation to real devices used in power generation, motion, voltage transformation, electric vehicles, household appliances, renewable energy systems, and electrical grids. The material includes conceptual explanations, visual illustrations, worked examples, review questions, thought-provoking questions, numerical problems, a glossary, frequently asked questions, and external references. This work is part of Prep4Uni.online, an independent, free online learning hub for university preparation and career readiness.","author":[{"family":"Gan","given":"Jacob"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20597697","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20597697","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20597698","type":"article-journal","title":"Generators, Motors, and Transformers: How Induction Works","abstract":"This educational resource explains how generators, motors, and transformers apply the principles of electromagnetism and electromagnetic induction in practical machines. It shows how generators convert mechanical motion into electrical energy, how motors convert electrical energy into mechanical motion, and how transformers use changing magnetic flux between coils to change AC voltage levels. The resource is designed for students preparing for university-level physics and engineering. It connects Faraday’s law, Lenz’s law, magnetic force, mutual induction, back emf, transformer ratios, and energy conservation to real devices used in power generation, motion, voltage transformation, electric vehicles, household appliances, renewable energy systems, and electrical grids. The material includes conceptual explanations, visual illustrations, worked examples, review questions, thought-provoking questions, numerical problems, a glossary, frequently asked questions, and external references. This work is part of Prep4Uni.online, an independent, free online learning hub for university preparation and career readiness.","author":[{"family":"Gan","given":"Jacob"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20597698","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20597698","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19981074","type":"article-journal","title":"From Waste to Nano-Wealth: Exploiting Agricultural By-products for the Sustainable Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles","abstract":"Background: The ecological and economic impacts of traditional nanomaterial manufacturing technologies are profound, and are mainly associated with the use of toxic substances, energy-demanding processes, and the production of toxic wastes. Such restrictions have continued to fuel the international quest to find viable, yet affordable substitutes. Green synthesis, as a concept, has become a plausible answer, and agricultural wastes such as fruit peels, lignocellulosic wastes and other wastes that are left behind in the plantation have become a ready and renewable source of raw materials. This practice is consistent with the greater concepts of the Circual Economy that supports the valorization of waste and resource efficiency. Aim and Purpose: The purpose of this review is to record and discuss how the use of agricultural biowastes as the main feedstock to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) greenly has been changed, compared to traditional methods that used plant extracts as the starting material. In particular, it assesses green extraction technologies, explains the bioreduction mechanisms, and critically reviews the standardized life cycle assessment related to the production of biogenic AgNPs. Discussion: Active phytoconstituent of agricultural wastes such as phenolics, flavonoids and lignin are effective natural reducing and capping agents, which help to form stable, biocompatible AgNPs with well-defined morphologies. These biogenic nanoparticles exhibit excellent multi-targeted antibacterial and antibiofilm effects against multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, which indicates their therapeutic importance. In addition to biomedical uses, waste-derived AgNPs have significant potential in environmental purification, such as improved wastewater treatment, and nano-agriculture, e.g., seed nano-priming or nano-pesticides. Although having these techno-economic benefits, there are a few obstacles to large-scale commercialization such as intrinsic variability of biowaste composition, absence of a standard in synthesis, and unaddressed ecotoxicity issues. Conclusion: Waste-to-nano-wealth paradigm is a scientifically promising and environmentally friendly approach to sustainable nanomaterial production. The way forward to maximize its potential is to focus on safe-by-design frameworks, optimized and scalable extraction protocols and global regulatory harmonization. The gap between innovativeness and scalability of green AgNPs in the laboratory and industrial setting will be important in ensuring that green AgNPs are translated into real-world solutions.","author":[{"family":"Cryptography","given":"Quantum"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19981074","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19981074","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19981075","type":"article-journal","title":"From Waste to Nano-Wealth: Exploiting Agricultural By-products for the Sustainable Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles","abstract":"Background: The ecological and economic impacts of traditional nanomaterial manufacturing technologies are profound, and are mainly associated with the use of toxic substances, energy-demanding processes, and the production of toxic wastes. Such restrictions have continued to fuel the international quest to find viable, yet affordable substitutes. Green synthesis, as a concept, has become a plausible answer, and agricultural wastes such as fruit peels, lignocellulosic wastes and other wastes that are left behind in the plantation have become a ready and renewable source of raw materials. This practice is consistent with the greater concepts of the Circual Economy that supports the valorization of waste and resource efficiency. Aim and Purpose: The purpose of this review is to record and discuss how the use of agricultural biowastes as the main feedstock to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) greenly has been changed, compared to traditional methods that used plant extracts as the starting material. In particular, it assesses green extraction technologies, explains the bioreduction mechanisms, and critically reviews the standardized life cycle assessment related to the production of biogenic AgNPs. Discussion: Active phytoconstituent of agricultural wastes such as phenolics, flavonoids and lignin are effective natural reducing and capping agents, which help to form stable, biocompatible AgNPs with well-defined morphologies. These biogenic nanoparticles exhibit excellent multi-targeted antibacterial and antibiofilm effects against multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, which indicates their therapeutic importance. In addition to biomedical uses, waste-derived AgNPs have significant potential in environmental purification, such as improved wastewater treatment, and nano-agriculture, e.g., seed nano-priming or nano-pesticides. Although having these techno-economic benefits, there are a few obstacles to large-scale commercialization such as intrinsic variability of biowaste composition, absence of a standard in synthesis, and unaddressed ecotoxicity issues. Conclusion: Waste-to-nano-wealth paradigm is a scientifically promising and environmentally friendly approach to sustainable nanomaterial production. The way forward to maximize its potential is to focus on safe-by-design frameworks, optimized and scalable extraction protocols and global regulatory harmonization. The gap between innovativeness and scalability of green AgNPs in the laboratory and industrial setting will be important in ensuring that green AgNPs are translated into real-world solutions.","author":[{"family":"Cryptography","given":"Quantum"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19981075","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19981075","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22178333","type":"article-journal","title":"John Hutchison: The Lost Interview — A Critical Physical Analysis of Reported Levitation, Material Effects, Rotational Torque, and Zero-Point-Energy Claims","abstract":"John Hutchison: The Lost Interview Tesla, Antigravity & Zero-Point Energy A Transcript-, Footage-, and Boundary-Condition-Correlated Critical Physical Analysis Analysis by ChatGPT (OpenAI) and Daniel Robert Izzo Enhanced revised edition - August 30, 2026 - with directed-airflow / pressure-gradient hypothesis Source video: Fully Charged Zone, posted August 28, 2026 https://youtu.be/5rWs23IdSJ8 Revision basis This edition correlates the complete supplied YouTube transcript with the prior analysis, direct frame-by-frame review of the supplied 9.12-second cannonball excerpt, and visual inspection of the target tabletop. It corrects the reported 60-pound mass, the reversal of cannonball rotation, the meaning of the 'stick welded on' remark, the limits of the bucket claim, adds the physical condition and construction of the target table as an experimental boundary-condition variable, and evaluates a localized pressure-gradient / directed-airflow ('vacuum beam') hypothesis as a conventional mechanism for some of the observed motion. Abstract The archival interview John Hutchison: The Lost Interview | Tesla, Antigravity & Zero-Point Energy presents John Hutchison describing experiments involving Tesla coils, high-voltage electrostatic equipment, radio-frequency sources, resonant structures, metal samples, dielectric objects, liquids, and later crystal-based energy devices. The video contains or narrates apparent motion of both metallic and nonmetallic objects, unusual liquid behavior, material deformation, and a cannonball sequence in which a short extracted clip shows surface features progressing in a manner consistent with counterclockwise rotation during one interval. Correlation with the full transcript materially changes the interpretation of the cannonball sequence. The interview identifies the object as approximately 60 lb (about 27.2 kg), but it also explicitly states that the ball turns one way and then the opposite way, later stops and reverses. Therefore the available record does not support a persistent counterclockwise handedness. Instead, it supports the narrower conclusion that the object appears to experience time-varying torque. If the reported 60-lb mass is accurate, its weight is about 267 N; however, the short clip alone does not establish a fully unsupported hover or allow a reliable measurement of vertical acceleration. The transcript also clarifies that the remark about a 'stick welded on to the cannonball' is rhetorical - a joking comparison to how man-made the motion looks - not evidence that a stick was actually present. It further confirms that the speakers themselves distinguish the water sequence from thermal boiling, stating that there is no heat or steam. Conversely, the transcript identifies an empty bucket on the target table but does not itself state that the bucket lifts; that specific bucket/handle claim therefore requires a dedicated video clip before it should be used as primary evidence. The overall evidence remains intriguing but under-instrumented. Nonmetallic motion means ordinary ferromagnetic attraction cannot serve as a universal explanation, while electrostatic charging, dielectric polarization, dielectrophoretic force, ionic wind, electrohydrodynamic stresses, localized pressure gradients or directed airflow, vibration, acoustic coupling, RF heating, magnetic torque, and experimental artifacts remain conventional candidates. The zero-point-energy discussion in the interview contains statements that do not correspond to standard quantum-field-theory descriptions and is not supported by a complete input-output energy balance. Controlled, instrumented, independently replicated testing would be required to establish any residual anomalous force or energy source. Visual inspection of the cannonball sequence also shows numerous dark, approximately circular or elliptical features fixed relative to the wooden target tabletop. Their nature cannot be resolved from the VHS-derived imagery. Plausible","author":[{"family":"Izzo","given":"Daniel"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22178333","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22178333","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22177958","type":"article-journal","title":"John Hutchison: The Lost Interview — A Critical Physical Analysis of Reported Levitation, Material Effects, Rotational Torque, and Zero-Point-Energy Claims","abstract":"John Hutchison: The Lost Interview Tesla, Antigravity & Zero-Point Energy A Transcript-, Footage-, and Boundary-Condition-Correlated Critical Physical Analysis Analysis by ChatGPT (OpenAI) and Daniel Robert Izzo Enhanced revised edition - August 30, 2026 Source video: Fully Charged Zone, posted August 28, 2026 https://youtu.be/5rWs23IdSJ8 Revision basis This edition correlates the complete supplied YouTube transcript with the prior analysis, direct frame-by-frame review of the supplied 9.12-second cannonball excerpt, and visual inspection of the target tabletop. It corrects the reported 60-pound mass, the reversal of cannonball rotation, the meaning of the 'stick welded on' remark, the limits of the bucket claim, and adds the physical condition and construction of the target table as an experimental boundary-condition variable. John Hutchison: The Lost Interview - Transcript, Footage & Boundary-Condition Analysis Abstract The archival interview John Hutchison: The Lost Interview | Tesla, Antigravity & Zero-Point Energy presents John Hutchison describing experiments involving Tesla coils, high-voltage electrostatic equipment, radio-frequency sources, resonant structures, metal samples, dielectric objects, liquids, and later crystal-based energy devices. The video contains or narrates apparent motion of both metallic and nonmetallic objects, unusual liquid behavior, material deformation, and a cannonball sequence in which a short extracted clip shows surface features progressing in a manner consistent with counterclockwise rotation during one interval. Correlation with the full transcript materially changes the interpretation of the cannonball sequence. The interview identifies the object as approximately 60 lb (about 27.2 kg), but it also explicitly states that the ball turns one way and then the opposite way, later stops and reverses. Therefore the available record does not support a persistent counterclockwise handedness. Instead, it supports the narrower conclusion that the object appears to experience time-varying torque. If the reported 60-lb mass is accurate, its weight is about 267 N; however, the short clip alone does not establish a fully unsupported hover or allow a reliable measurement of vertical acceleration. The transcript also clarifies that the remark about a 'stick welded on to the cannonball' is rhetorical - a joking comparison to how man-made the motion looks - not evidence that a stick was actually present. It further confirms that the speakers themselves distinguish the water sequence from thermal boiling, stating that there is no heat or steam. Conversely, the transcript identifies an empty bucket on the target table but does not itself state that the bucket lifts; that specific bucket/handle claim therefore requires a dedicated video clip before it should be used as primary evidence. The overall evidence remains intriguing but under-instrumented. Nonmetallic motion means ordinary ferromagnetic attraction cannot serve as a universal explanation, while electrostatic charging, dielectric polarization, dielectrophoretic force, ionic wind, electrohydrodynamic stresses, vibration, acoustic coupling, RF heating, magnetic torque, and experimental artifacts remain conventional candidates. The zero-point-energy discussion in the interview contains statements that do not correspond to standard quantum-field-theory descriptions and is not supported by a complete input-output energy balance. Controlled, instrumented, independently replicated testing would be required to establish any residual anomalous force or energy source. Visual inspection of the cannonball sequence also shows numerous dark, approximately circular or elliptical features fixed relative to the wooden target tabletop. Their nature cannot be resolved from the VHS-derived imagery. Plausible interpretations include stains, wood defects, shallow depressions, carbonized/scorched regions, or structural apertures. If carbonized, they could alter local condu","author":[{"family":"Izzo","given":"Daniel"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22177958","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22177958","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22177557","type":"article-journal","title":"John Hutchison: The Lost Interview — A Critical Physical Analysis of Reported Levitation, Material Effects, Rotational Torque, and Zero-Point-Energy Claims","abstract":"John Hutchison: The Lost Interview Tesla, Antigravity & Zero-Point Energy A Transcript- and Footage-Correlated Critical Physical Analysis Analysis by ChatGPT (OpenAI) and Daniel Robert Izzo Revised edition - August 30, 2026 Source video: Fully Charged Zone, posted August 28, 2026 https://youtu.be/5rWs23IdSJ8 Revision basis This edition correlates the complete supplied YouTube transcript with the previously prepared 11-page analysis and with direct frame-by-frame review of the supplied 9.12-second cannonball excerpt. It corrects several important evidentiary points, especially the reported 60-pound mass, the reversal of cannonball rotation, the meaning of the 'stick welded on' remark, and the limits of the bucket claim. Abstract The archival interview John Hutchison: The Lost Interview | Tesla, Antigravity & Zero-Point Energy presents John Hutchison describing experiments involving Tesla coils, high-voltage electrostatic equipment, radio-frequency sources, resonant structures, metal samples, dielectric objects, liquids, and later crystal-based energy devices. The video contains or narrates apparent motion of both metallic and nonmetallic objects, unusual liquid behavior, material deformation, and a cannonball sequence in which a short extracted clip shows surface features progressing in a manner consistent with counterclockwise rotation during one interval. Correlation with the full transcript materially changes the interpretation of the cannonball sequence. The interview identifies the object as approximately 60 lb (about 27.2 kg), but it also explicitly states that the ball turns one way and then the opposite way, later stops and reverses. Therefore the available record does not support a persistent counterclockwise handedness. Instead, it supports the narrower conclusion that the object appears to experience time-varying torque. If the reported 60-lb mass is accurate, its weight is about 267 N; however, the short clip alone does not establish a fully unsupported hover or allow a reliable measurement of vertical acceleration. The transcript also clarifies that the remark about a 'stick welded on to the cannonball' is rhetorical - a joking comparison to how man-made the motion looks - not evidence that a stick was actually present. It further confirms that the speakers themselves distinguish the water sequence from thermal boiling, stating that there is no heat or steam. Conversely, the transcript identifies an empty bucket on the target table but does not itself state that the bucket lifts; that specific bucket/handle claim therefore requires a dedicated video clip before it should be used as primary evidence. The overall evidence remains intriguing but under-instrumented. Nonmetallic motion means ordinary ferromagnetic attraction cannot serve as a universal explanation, while electrostatic charging, dielectric polarization, dielectrophoretic force, ionic wind, electrohydrodynamic stresses, vibration, acoustic coupling, RF heating, magnetic torque, and experimental artifacts remain conventional candidates. The zero-point-energy discussion in the interview contains statements that do not correspond to standard quantum-field-theory descriptions and is not supported by a complete input-output energy balance. Controlled, instrumented, independently replicated testing would be required to establish any residual anomalous force or energy source. Keywords: Hutchison Effect; John Hutchison; Tesla coil; high voltage; radio frequency; dielectric force; ionic wind; torque; rotation reversal; cannonball; zero-point energy; archival video. 1. Key Corrections to the First Edition Cannonball mass:The interview identifies the object as about 60 lb. If accurate, that is about 27.2 kg and a weight of about 267 N. Rotation direction:The short clip supports a counterclockwise interval, but the full transcript says the ball turns the opposite way, later stops, and reverses. Persistent counterclockwise handedness is not established. 'Stick welded ","author":[{"family":"Izzo","given":"Daniel"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22177557","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22177557","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20476912","type":"article-journal","title":"The Tripartite Unified Theory: Axioms, Dynamical Equations and Health Potential for System Survival (Version 4)","abstract":"现有复杂系统风险理论分领域割裂,线性评价模型存在短板遮蔽、漏判风险,缺少跨场景统一公理与动态演化数理框架。本文提炼闭环、尺度、底线三大系统存续元公理,给出严格形式化定义;构建 FII 反馈完整性指数、SSI 尺度胁迫指数、BCI 底线约束指数、CRI 综合预警指数标准化量化体系;建立耦合时滞 - 扩散效应的杨氏稳态统一非线性偏微分方程组;定义乘积式三元健康势\\(\\mathcal{H}\\)并完成李雅普诺夫稳定性证明,形成 “线性常规监测 + 刚性一票否决” 双研判机制。依托 1340 组跨领域统计、固态电池实验、省级电网故障回溯数据开展实证,三元健康势一年预警 AUC 达 0.91,识别隐性渐进失稳精度显著优于传统模型。本研究实现复杂系统稳态机理统一公理化、静态评价与动态演化一体化,可为经济、生态、能源、社会多领域风险预警、韧性管控提供全新数理工具。Existing theories for complex system collapse are fragmented across disciplines, and linear evaluation models suffer from the shortcoming of dimension compensation which leads to hidden risk omission. A universal axiomatic system and dynamic mathematical framework are still absent. This paper extracts three fundamental survival axioms: closed-loop, scale and bottom-line, with rigorous formal mathematical definitions. A standardized indicator system including FII, SSI, BCI and CRI is constructed. The Yang steady-state unified nonlinear partial differential equations coupled with time-delay and diffusion terms are proposed. A multiplicative tripartite health potential \\(\\mathcal{H}\\) is defined and proven as a Lyapunov function near healthy equilibrium, forming a dual judgment system for daily monitoring and rigid risk screening. Multi-dimensional verifications are carried out based on 1340 cross-domain datasets, solid-state battery experiments and power grid fault records. The one-year early warning AUC of \\(\\mathcal{H}\\) reaches 0.91, showing superior performance in detecting latent gradual instability. This study unifies the axiomatic interpretation of complex system stability and integrates static assessment with spatiotemporal dynamic simulation, providing a novel mathematical tool for risk early warning and resilience governance in economic, ecological, energy and social fields.","author":[{"family":"Yang","given":"Guojun"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20476912","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20476912","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21712537","type":"article-journal","title":"The Tripartite Unified Theory: Axioms, Dynamical Equations and Health Potential for System Survival (Version 4)","abstract":"现有复杂系统风险理论分领域割裂,线性评价模型存在短板遮蔽、漏判风险,缺少跨场景统一公理与动态演化数理框架。本文提炼闭环、尺度、底线三大系统存续元公理,给出严格形式化定义;构建 FII 反馈完整性指数、SSI 尺度胁迫指数、BCI 底线约束指数、CRI 综合预警指数标准化量化体系;建立耦合时滞 - 扩散效应的杨氏稳态统一非线性偏微分方程组;定义乘积式三元健康势\\(\\mathcal{H}\\)并完成李雅普诺夫稳定性证明,形成 “线性常规监测 + 刚性一票否决” 双研判机制。依托 1340 组跨领域统计、固态电池实验、省级电网故障回溯数据开展实证,三元健康势一年预警 AUC 达 0.91,识别隐性渐进失稳精度显著优于传统模型。本研究实现复杂系统稳态机理统一公理化、静态评价与动态演化一体化,可为经济、生态、能源、社会多领域风险预警、韧性管控提供全新数理工具。Existing theories for complex system collapse are fragmented across disciplines, and linear evaluation models suffer from the shortcoming of dimension compensation which leads to hidden risk omission. A universal axiomatic system and dynamic mathematical framework are still absent. This paper extracts three fundamental survival axioms: closed-loop, scale and bottom-line, with rigorous formal mathematical definitions. A standardized indicator system including FII, SSI, BCI and CRI is constructed. The Yang steady-state unified nonlinear partial differential equations coupled with time-delay and diffusion terms are proposed. A multiplicative tripartite health potential \\(\\mathcal{H}\\) is defined and proven as a Lyapunov function near healthy equilibrium, forming a dual judgment system for daily monitoring and rigid risk screening. Multi-dimensional verifications are carried out based on 1340 cross-domain datasets, solid-state battery experiments and power grid fault records. The one-year early warning AUC of \\(\\mathcal{H}\\) reaches 0.91, showing superior performance in detecting latent gradual instability. This study unifies the axiomatic interpretation of complex system stability and integrates static assessment with spatiotemporal dynamic simulation, providing a novel mathematical tool for risk early warning and resilience governance in economic, ecological, energy and social fields.","author":[{"family":"Yang","given":"Guojun"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21712537","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21712537","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19970714","type":"article-journal","title":"THE FROST-TITAN \"FRIGGY WIGGIE\": THE CERN OF COLD","abstract":"EXECUTIVE DESCRIPTION Title: The Frost-Titan \"Friggy-Wiggie\": A Sovereign Radiative Cooling Organism Description:The Frost-Titan is the world’s first solid-state, net-positive refrigeration system, released under the CERN Open Hardware License (v2). Designed to eliminate planned obsolescence, it features a 110-year lifespan with zero moving parts. Utilizing a top-mounted solid-state engine and a Phase-Change Water Battery (Ice Grave), it maintains sub-zero temperatures for 21 days without grid power. The exterior features a 360-degree CNF Solar/Metal Soup skin and 8-TEG door arrays that harvest ambient kitchen heat to power the home via wireless \"Ice-Cream\" beaming. Internal Fibonacci-swirl and dimple geometry facilitate passive vortex convection, eliminating frost build-up and mechanical fans. Mounted on a mag-lev seismic-shield base, it is an indestructible, \"plug-and-play\" life-support system. Designed by nature. Owned by none. Cool Runnings!","author":[{"family":"Seagal","given":"David"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19970714","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19970714","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19970715","type":"article-journal","title":"THE FROST-TITAN \"FRIGGY WIGGIE\": THE CERN OF COLD","abstract":"EXECUTIVE DESCRIPTION Title: The Frost-Titan \"Friggy-Wiggie\": A Sovereign Radiative Cooling Organism Description:The Frost-Titan is the world’s first solid-state, net-positive refrigeration system, released under the CERN Open Hardware License (v2). Designed to eliminate planned obsolescence, it features a 110-year lifespan with zero moving parts. Utilizing a top-mounted solid-state engine and a Phase-Change Water Battery (Ice Grave), it maintains sub-zero temperatures for 21 days without grid power. The exterior features a 360-degree CNF Solar/Metal Soup skin and 8-TEG door arrays that harvest ambient kitchen heat to power the home via wireless \"Ice-Cream\" beaming. Internal Fibonacci-swirl and dimple geometry facilitate passive vortex convection, eliminating frost build-up and mechanical fans. Mounted on a mag-lev seismic-shield base, it is an indestructible, \"plug-and-play\" life-support system. Designed by nature. Owned by none. Cool Runnings!","author":[{"family":"Seagal","given":"David"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19970715","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19970715","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5525/gla.thesis.86201","type":"article-journal","title":"Sodium insertion/extraction mechanisms in Chevrel phase cathodes for sodium ion batteries","abstract":"As issues related to the resource availability and cost of lithium-ion batteries become increasingly prominent, the development of emerging energy-storage systems based on elements with high crustal abundance and low cost has become a current research hotspot. Sodium-ion batteries are regarded as one of the most promising next-generation rechargeable battery systems owing to the abundance and low cost of sodium resources, as well as their similar working mechanism to lithium-ion batteries. However, developing sodium-ion battery cathode materials that combine high reversibility and long cycle life still faces significant challenges. Chevrel phase (CPs) materials possess unique three-dimensional open ion-diffusion channels, favourable structural stability, and good electronic conductivity, and have demonstrated reversible ion-storage behaviour in several multivalent-ion systems, such as magnesium- and zinc-ion batteries. However, research on their application in sodium-ion batteries remains relatively limited, particularly with respect to the sodium-storage mechanism and the irreversible processes occurring during the initial cycle. Therefore, this thesis focuses on the binary Chevrel phase derivative Mo₆S₈ and its solid solution Mo₆S₈-xSex (x = 2-8), systematically investigating their sodium storage behaviour and structural evolution, and specifically exploring the underlying causes of irreversible capacity loss and ion trapping in the first cycle. The preliminary study focused on Mo₆S₈ cathode materials, prepared via a high-temperature solid-state route followed by oxidative extraction. By optimising the electrode coating formulation and electrolyte system, a stable testing platform for Mo₆S₈-based sodium-ion batteries was established. Based on this, the sodium storage behaviour of Mo₆S₈ was investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and in operando X-ray diffraction (in operando XRD). The results demonstrate that, owing to ion trapping within the crystal structure, this material undergoes an irreversible electrochemical cycling process, accompanied by substantial capacity loss. To improve the diffusion kinetics of Na⁺ and reduce ion trapping behaviour, this thesis further employs Se to partially or completely substitute S in Mo₆S₈, successfully constructing the Mo₆S₈-ₓSeₓ solid solution system. In addition, this thesis explores the direct synthesis of pre-sodiated Chevrel phase materials, namely NaMo₆S₈ and NaMo6₆Se₈, with the aim of bypassing the initial Na+ insertion process and reducing irreversible capacity loss. Synthesis was performed using solid-phase ion exchange and Na(benzophenone)/THF chemical insertion methods, respectively; neither method successfully yielded a stable pre-sodiated phase. Furthermore, this thesis investigates the electrochemical behaviour of Cu-based ternary Chevrel phase precursors in sodium-ion batteries, with the aim of elucidating the influence of structural Cu⁺ on the Na⁺ storage mechanism. The results indicate that the introduction of Cu does not improve the sodium storage performance of the materials. Instead, the cycling stability further decreased due to Cu⁺’s occupation of diffusion channels and possible structural reconstruction during cycling. This thesis demonstrates that the initial irreversible capacity loss of Mo₆S₈ in sodium-ion batteries mainly originates from the initial insertion of Na⁺ and its subsequent retention within the structure. Se substitution cannot completely eliminate the Na⁺-trapping phenomenon, while direct pre-sodiation strategies are similarly difficult to realise. Therefore, Na⁺ trapping is more likely due to the inherent cation occupancy characteristics in the Chevrel phase structure, rather than being solely determined by lattice size or ion diffusion kinetics. Future research could further focus on elucidating the atomic-scale Na⁺ trapping sites and migration mechanisms within Chevrel phases. Solid-state NMR, X-ray abso","author":[{"family":"Wang","given":"Yejun"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5525/gla.thesis.86201","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5525/gla.thesis.86201","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21295942","type":"article-journal","title":"Financial Stability And Strategic Oil Demand Management In India: A Study In The Context Of Asian Geopolitical Conflicts","abstract":"India is the world's third-largest consumer of crude oil and depends on imports for nearly 87% of its petroleum requirements. Such dependence makes the Indian economy highly vulnerable to geopolitical conflicts occurring in major oil-producing regions, particularly in West Asia. The geopolitical tensions observed during 2026 caused significant disruptions in global crude oil supply chains, leading to increased oil prices and substantial macroeconomic challenges for oil-importing countries. The present study investigates the impact of Asian geopolitical conflicts on India's financial stability by analysing crude oil demand, international crude oil prices, inflation, exchange rates, and gross domestic product (GDP) growth during the period 2023–2026. Secondary data were collected from the Reserve Bank of India, Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, International Energy Agency, International Monetary Fund, and World Bank. The study adopts a descriptive and analytical research design using percentage analysis, trend analysis, correlation analysis, and the Chi-square test. The findings reveal that rising crude oil prices are strongly associated with increasing inflation and depreciation of the Indian rupee, while exhibiting a negative relationship with GDP growth. The study concludes that expanding strategic petroleum reserves, diversifying crude oil import sources, strengthening diplomatic cooperation with exporting nations, and accelerating renewable energy adoption are essential policy measures for improving India's long-term financial stability and energy security.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21295942","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21295942","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21295943","type":"article-journal","title":"Financial Stability And Strategic Oil Demand Management In India: A Study In The Context Of Asian Geopolitical Conflicts","abstract":"India is the world's third-largest consumer of crude oil and depends on imports for nearly 87% of its petroleum requirements. Such dependence makes the Indian economy highly vulnerable to geopolitical conflicts occurring in major oil-producing regions, particularly in West Asia. The geopolitical tensions observed during 2026 caused significant disruptions in global crude oil supply chains, leading to increased oil prices and substantial macroeconomic challenges for oil-importing countries. The present study investigates the impact of Asian geopolitical conflicts on India's financial stability by analysing crude oil demand, international crude oil prices, inflation, exchange rates, and gross domestic product (GDP) growth during the period 2023–2026. Secondary data were collected from the Reserve Bank of India, Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, International Energy Agency, International Monetary Fund, and World Bank. The study adopts a descriptive and analytical research design using percentage analysis, trend analysis, correlation analysis, and the Chi-square test. The findings reveal that rising crude oil prices are strongly associated with increasing inflation and depreciation of the Indian rupee, while exhibiting a negative relationship with GDP growth. The study concludes that expanding strategic petroleum reserves, diversifying crude oil import sources, strengthening diplomatic cooperation with exporting nations, and accelerating renewable energy adoption are essential policy measures for improving India's long-term financial stability and energy security.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21295943","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21295943","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21847019","type":"article-journal","title":"SMV- Seasonal Migratory Village house plan","abstract":"A Paradigm Shift in Disaster Management: The Seasonal Migratory Village Model for Assam’s Annual Flood Crisis Badhan Banerjee, PwBD, AMICE-India, c.1972 Abstract For over seven decades, Assam’s approach to its annual flood crisis has relied on reactive relief measures and structural engineering solutions like embankments. These interventions have consistently failed due to the state's unique geomorphology, climate change amplification, and systemic administrative bottlenecks. This paper proposes a radical, non-structural adaptation strategy: The Seasonal Migratory Village (SMV) Model. Inspired by historical state-level administrative moves in India, global transhumance traditions, and successful international flood-room strategies, this framework designs a comprehensive dual-habitat ecosystem for 10 million flood-vulnerable citizens. By shifting the focus from \"fighting the river\" to \"planned seasonal co-existence,\" leveraging a real-time 15-minute Indo-China satellite intelligence array, and funding the infrastructure through a 60% levy on confiscated illicit wealth, this model ensures absolute human security, livestock preservation, and economic continuity. Community Toilet/ Latrine and bathing recommended for making compost which will use to regain cultivated Land soil texture. Manual Ropeway will be used for carrying SMV produce and essential items to nearest market. only emergency LMV (vehicles) permitted for designed walkway (No Steps or Stairs) to SMV preferably PS concrete for structure and PUF linning Roof Sheet for Roof covering. electricity either non renewable energy or free energy generator which one is best suitable. Assam's Flood is mention in this Paper but this Paper leading a solution for Disaster Management during Global Climate Change and it's effect 2026 - 2030","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21847019","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21847019","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21847020","type":"article-journal","title":"SMV- Seasonal Migratory Village house plan","abstract":"A Paradigm Shift in Disaster Management: The Seasonal Migratory Village Model for Assam’s Annual Flood Crisis Badhan Banerjee, PwBD, AMICE-India, c.1972 Abstract For over seven decades, Assam’s approach to its annual flood crisis has relied on reactive relief measures and structural engineering solutions like embankments. These interventions have consistently failed due to the state's unique geomorphology, climate change amplification, and systemic administrative bottlenecks. This paper proposes a radical, non-structural adaptation strategy: The Seasonal Migratory Village (SMV) Model. Inspired by historical state-level administrative moves in India, global transhumance traditions, and successful international flood-room strategies, this framework designs a comprehensive dual-habitat ecosystem for 10 million flood-vulnerable citizens. By shifting the focus from \"fighting the river\" to \"planned seasonal co-existence,\" leveraging a real-time 15-minute Indo-China satellite intelligence array, and funding the infrastructure through a 60% levy on confiscated illicit wealth, this model ensures absolute human security, livestock preservation, and economic continuity. Community Toilet/ Latrine and bathing recommended for making compost which will use to regain cultivated Land soil texture. Manual Ropeway will be used for carrying SMV produce and essential items to nearest market. only emergency LMV (vehicles) permitted for designed walkway (No Steps or Stairs) to SMV preferably PS concrete for structure and PUF linning Roof Sheet for Roof covering. electricity either non renewable energy or free energy generator which one is best suitable. Assam's Flood is mention in this Paper but this Paper leading a solution for Disaster Management during Global Climate Change and it's effect 2026 - 2030","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21847020","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21847020","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21929282","type":"article-journal","title":"The Uae's Architecture of Influence: Nodal Expansionism Through Strategic Nodes, Centrifugal Actors, And Geoeconomic Networks","abstract":"This study examines the multilayered influence strategy developed by the United Arab Emirates across the Middle East, the Horn of Africa, the Red Sea basin, and Europe despite its limited demographic and geographical capacity. It seeks to explain how the UAE integrates military, financial, logistical, and diplomatic support for non-state and centrifugal actors with its port, energy, investment, and technology networks. Employing a qualitative research design covering the 2011–2026 period, the study analyses Yemen, Somalia, Sudan, and Libya through structured, focused comparison and process tracing. UAE-linked port, logistics, infrastructure, and natural-resource investments in Africa, together with its artificial intelligence, renewable-energy, and advanced-technology investments in Europe, are examined through document analysis and source triangulation. The findings indicate that the UAE has developed a form of network-centred power projection based not on conventional territorial control but on strategic nodes, local partnerships, long-term concessions, and economic interdependence. Although this model provides operational flexibility and extensive geographical access, it also generates political and diplomatic costs arising from the growing autonomy of local partners, the weakening of central state authority, and countermeasures by regional competitors. The study further argues that the Abraham Accords did not initiate this strategy but accelerated it by linking Emirati capital and regional networks with Israeli technological and security capabilities and the broader strategic support of the United States. Likewise, the relative weakening of Iran’s proxy architecture has not resulted in its direct replacement by UAE-backed actors; rather, it has increased the regional salience of an alternative influence model combining security, capital, infrastructure, and technology. The UAE’s rise is therefore conceptualised as a network-centred form of ecopolitical expansion.","author":[{"family":"Alisa Ali"},{"family":"Anar Ali"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21929282","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21929282","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21929283","type":"article-journal","title":"The Uae's Architecture of Influence: Nodal Expansionism Through Strategic Nodes, Centrifugal Actors, And Geoeconomic Networks","abstract":"This study examines the multilayered influence strategy developed by the United Arab Emirates across the Middle East, the Horn of Africa, the Red Sea basin, and Europe despite its limited demographic and geographical capacity. It seeks to explain how the UAE integrates military, financial, logistical, and diplomatic support for non-state and centrifugal actors with its port, energy, investment, and technology networks. Employing a qualitative research design covering the 2011–2026 period, the study analyses Yemen, Somalia, Sudan, and Libya through structured, focused comparison and process tracing. UAE-linked port, logistics, infrastructure, and natural-resource investments in Africa, together with its artificial intelligence, renewable-energy, and advanced-technology investments in Europe, are examined through document analysis and source triangulation. The findings indicate that the UAE has developed a form of network-centred power projection based not on conventional territorial control but on strategic nodes, local partnerships, long-term concessions, and economic interdependence. Although this model provides operational flexibility and extensive geographical access, it also generates political and diplomatic costs arising from the growing autonomy of local partners, the weakening of central state authority, and countermeasures by regional competitors. The study further argues that the Abraham Accords did not initiate this strategy but accelerated it by linking Emirati capital and regional networks with Israeli technological and security capabilities and the broader strategic support of the United States. Likewise, the relative weakening of Iran’s proxy architecture has not resulted in its direct replacement by UAE-backed actors; rather, it has increased the regional salience of an alternative influence model combining security, capital, infrastructure, and technology. The UAE’s rise is therefore conceptualised as a network-centred form of ecopolitical expansion.","author":[{"family":"Alisa Ali"},{"family":"Anar Ali"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21929283","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21929283","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20840593","type":"article-journal","title":"Geopolitical Conflict in West Asia and its Implications for India's Energy Policy","abstract":"Abstract West Asia remains one of the most geopolitically volatile regions in the world, holding a central position in global energy supply chains. India, as one of the fastest-growing economies, is heavily dependent on this region for its energy needs. Recent geopolitical conflicts, particularly the 2026 escalation involving Iran, Israel and allied powers, have exposed the vulnerability of India’s energy security architecture. This paper examines the nature of geopolitical conflicts in West Asia, analyses their impact on global energy markets, and evaluates the implications for India’s energy policy. It argues that India must adopt a multi-pronged strategy involving diversification, strategic reserves, renewable transition and diplomatic balancing to ensure long-term energy security energy security.","author":[{"family":"Ranadive","given":"TY"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20840593","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20840593","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20840594","type":"article-journal","title":"Geopolitical Conflict in West Asia and its Implications for India's Energy Policy","abstract":"Abstract West Asia remains one of the most geopolitically volatile regions in the world, holding a central position in global energy supply chains. India, as one of the fastest-growing economies, is heavily dependent on this region for its energy needs. Recent geopolitical conflicts, particularly the 2026 escalation involving Iran, Israel and allied powers, have exposed the vulnerability of India’s energy security architecture. This paper examines the nature of geopolitical conflicts in West Asia, analyses their impact on global energy markets, and evaluates the implications for India’s energy policy. It argues that India must adopt a multi-pronged strategy involving diversification, strategic reserves, renewable transition and diplomatic balancing to ensure long-term energy security energy security.","author":[{"family":"Ranadive","given":"TY"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20840594","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20840594","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20466369","type":"article-journal","title":"Engineering the Transition: From Reliability to Survivability — Lecture Deck, Indonesia Tour, February–March 2026","abstract":"This lecture deck presents the Dynamic Envelope Adequacy (DEA) framework for power system survivability planning, developed for delivery across five institutions in Indonesia in February and March 2026: Institut Teknologi PLN (Jakarta), Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (Surabaya), Universitas Gadjah Mada (Yogyakarta), Institut Teknologi Bandung (Bandung), and PLN Headquarters (Jakarta), under the invitation of PT PLN Persero. The deck comprises 45 slides structured across eight acts. The central argument is that reliability — the dominant engineering standard in power system planning — is no longer a sufficient design objective for grids undergoing rapid renewable transition. The lecture develops a four-stage progression from Reliable through Resilient and Intelligent + Adaptable to Survivable, and proposes survivability as the operative design standard for renewable-dominant, low-inertia, and archipelagic power systems. Core technical content includes: the swing equation and its implications under declining system inertia; the physics distinction between synchronous generation and inverter-based resources (IBR); the non-linear stability cliff and the inflection threshold; the DEA framework and its six survivability metrics (SSTI, TIE, EDC, SCF, IRD, AIP); technology sequencing across geothermal, pumped storage, fast frequency response batteries, grid-forming inverters, and synchronous condensers; and the institutional, financial, and data sovereignty dimensions of the energy transition in an archipelagic context. A dedicated section — the Warrant for Survivability — engages the collapse and deep adaptation literature (Bendell and Read, 2021) and positions the DEA framework as the engineering response to a diagnostic that existing adequacy frameworks cannot address. Indonesia's archipelagic grid — 17,500 islands, 700+ separate systems, a 44% renewable energy target by 2030 — is used throughout as the primary applied context. The analytical framework is transferable to any low-inertia, IBR-dominated, or geographically fragmented power system. A related peer-reviewed framework paper has been submitted to the 61st International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC 2026), Cagliari, August–September 2026, co-authored with Dr. W.R. Fernando. A preprint on AI-coordinated multi-agent systems for grid survivability, co-authored with Dr. Suroso Isnandar (PT PLN Persero), is available on ResearchGate (DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.33538.75200).","author":[{"family":"Özveren","given":"Cüneyt"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20466369","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20466369","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20466370","type":"article-journal","title":"Engineering the Transition: From Reliability to Survivability — Lecture Deck, Indonesia Tour, February–March 2026","abstract":"This lecture deck presents the Dynamic Envelope Adequacy (DEA) framework for power system survivability planning, developed for delivery across five institutions in Indonesia in February and March 2026: Institut Teknologi PLN (Jakarta), Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (Surabaya), Universitas Gadjah Mada (Yogyakarta), Institut Teknologi Bandung (Bandung), and PLN Headquarters (Jakarta), under the invitation of PT PLN Persero. The deck comprises 45 slides structured across eight acts. The central argument is that reliability — the dominant engineering standard in power system planning — is no longer a sufficient design objective for grids undergoing rapid renewable transition. The lecture develops a four-stage progression from Reliable through Resilient and Intelligent + Adaptable to Survivable, and proposes survivability as the operative design standard for renewable-dominant, low-inertia, and archipelagic power systems. Core technical content includes: the swing equation and its implications under declining system inertia; the physics distinction between synchronous generation and inverter-based resources (IBR); the non-linear stability cliff and the inflection threshold; the DEA framework and its six survivability metrics (SSTI, TIE, EDC, SCF, IRD, AIP); technology sequencing across geothermal, pumped storage, fast frequency response batteries, grid-forming inverters, and synchronous condensers; and the institutional, financial, and data sovereignty dimensions of the energy transition in an archipelagic context. A dedicated section — the Warrant for Survivability — engages the collapse and deep adaptation literature (Bendell and Read, 2021) and positions the DEA framework as the engineering response to a diagnostic that existing adequacy frameworks cannot address. Indonesia's archipelagic grid — 17,500 islands, 700+ separate systems, a 44% renewable energy target by 2030 — is used throughout as the primary applied context. The analytical framework is transferable to any low-inertia, IBR-dominated, or geographically fragmented power system. A related peer-reviewed framework paper has been submitted to the 61st International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC 2026), Cagliari, August–September 2026, co-authored with Dr. W.R. Fernando. A preprint on AI-coordinated multi-agent systems for grid survivability, co-authored with Dr. Suroso Isnandar (PT PLN Persero), is available on ResearchGate (DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.33538.75200).","author":[{"family":"Özveren","given":"Cüneyt"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20466370","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20466370","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20807563","type":"article-journal","title":"Sustainable Development in Solar Energy Utilization: A Global Perspective","abstract":"This paper investigates the transformative evolution of solar energy utilization as a primary driver of global sustainable development over the past two decades. In 2006, solar photovoltaics (PV) were a peripheral energy source with a global cumulative capacity of just 7 GW; by early 2026, this capacity has surpassed 2,500 GW, marking an unprecedented growth of 35,000%. Utilizing comparative data analysis between 2006 and 2026, this study identifies a significant geopolitical shift in energy production from European dominance (Germany and Japan) to an Asian-led market, specifically highlighting the rise of China (50.2% global share) and India’s milestone achievement of 150.26 GW. The research evaluates the \"Cost Miracle\" of solar technology, noting that the falling price of battery storage (projected to reach <100/kWh in 2026) has transitioned solar from an intermittent source to a \"round-the-clock\" power solution. Current trends, including the impact of the Middle East energy crisis and aggressive decarbonization policies, are discussed as catalysts for the recent 75% surge in new renewable capacity additions. The study concludes that solar energy is no longer an \"alternative\" but the structural backbone of energy security. Finally, the paper offers strategic suggestions for grid resilience and circular economy protocols to ensure the long-term sustainability of the solar transition as nations strive for 2030 net-zero targets.","author":[{"family":"Nanavare","given":"Jagannath"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20807563","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20807563","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20807564","type":"article-journal","title":"Sustainable Development in Solar Energy Utilization: A Global Perspective","abstract":"This paper investigates the transformative evolution of solar energy utilization as a primary driver of global sustainable development over the past two decades. In 2006, solar photovoltaics (PV) were a peripheral energy source with a global cumulative capacity of just 7 GW; by early 2026, this capacity has surpassed 2,500 GW, marking an unprecedented growth of 35,000%. Utilizing comparative data analysis between 2006 and 2026, this study identifies a significant geopolitical shift in energy production from European dominance (Germany and Japan) to an Asian-led market, specifically highlighting the rise of China (50.2% global share) and India’s milestone achievement of 150.26 GW. The research evaluates the \"Cost Miracle\" of solar technology, noting that the falling price of battery storage (projected to reach <100/kWh in 2026) has transitioned solar from an intermittent source to a \"round-the-clock\" power solution. Current trends, including the impact of the Middle East energy crisis and aggressive decarbonization policies, are discussed as catalysts for the recent 75% surge in new renewable capacity additions. The study concludes that solar energy is no longer an \"alternative\" but the structural backbone of energy security. Finally, the paper offers strategic suggestions for grid resilience and circular economy protocols to ensure the long-term sustainability of the solar transition as nations strive for 2030 net-zero targets.","author":[{"family":"Nanavare","given":"Jagannath"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20807564","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20807564","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.18154/rwth-2026-06524","type":"article-journal","title":"Kostenoptimale Energieausfälle in erneuerbaren Energiesystemen","abstract":"Fossil energies threaten human prosperity through environmental pollution, which is why renewable energies are needed as a sustainable alternative. However, due to their variability, renewable energies require flexibility options to compensate for fluctuations in generation. Recent studies suggest that power outages can be avoided with sufficient backup energy and capacity. However, these studies neither evaluate the economic viability of expanding a backup structure nor do they systematically analyze the influence of flexibility options. This study closes this gap by comparing the costs of expanding the energy system with the reliability of a renewable energy system and thus modeling global economically optimal power outages. It also systematically shows the influence of flexibility options on power outages and derives differences to stable renewable energy systems. To model economically optimal power outages, the “Value of Lost Load” approach is used, which equates the costs of capacity expansion with the costs of power outages. The costs of energy outages are derived globally in a spatially and sectorally disaggregated manner. A global energy system model including all necessary flexibility options describes the costs of capacity expansion. For a detailed representation of the outages, the earth is divided into 1890 regions and calculated using hourly resolution. Global location-specific cost potentials are calculated for concentrated solar power (CSP), geothermal energy and hydrogen salt cavern storage. New approaches for CSP and geothermal energy are used for this purpose. It is shown that economically optimal energy outages occur between 2.5 and 70 times per year worldwide, with a median of 6 outages per year. 96 % of power outages last less than 24 hours, while 4 % occur as longer multi-day outages. The longest outages last 100 hours and occur with a probability of 2 % per year. One-day lulls occur mainly in the evening and at night for up to seven consecutive days. The cause of power generation lulls are wind power generation lulls lasting up to seven days. In interconnected systems with seasonal PV feed-in, wind generation lulls occur during phases of low solar feed-in. Hydrogen storage and battery storage are used as flexibility options in the energy system to reduce the 7-day generation outages to individual daily lulls. The main causes of energy system lulls are limitations in battery storage capacities and the capacity of hydrogen reconversion. Restrictions on electricity transport are evident in individual interconnected systems. The selection of available technologies and the “value of lost load” are the main influences for energy outages. The main feed-in from geothermal energy and CSP as well as the use of salt caverns have a positive effect on the outage level, while wind power has a negative effect. Outages occur more frequently when the “Value of Lost Load” is below 1500 EUR/MWh, while energy systems above 3000 EUR/MWh are stable, as more stable energy systems are purchased here. The most important countermeasure is energy transportation, with electricity and hydrogen transportation being 99 % substitutive. Sector coupling with hydrogen, in particular hydrogen storage, especially in salt caverns, is the second most important technology. Stable energy systems require above all the expansion of decentralized hydrogen storage and the expansion of hydrogen reconversion capacities, with additional costs of less than 2 %. The results show that economic, lull-optimal renewable energy systems have a tenfold higher failure level globally than current energy systems. When expanding energy systems, wind power expansion should be taken into account at an early stage, as energy systems become more susceptible to outages with a greater expansion of wind power. On the other hand, the desired failure level can be adjusted at a later stage, primarily through the expansion of hydrogen infrastructure.","author":[{"family":"Franzmann","given":"David"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.18154/rwth-2026-06524","URL":"https://doi.org/10.18154/rwth-2026-06524","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21520327","type":"article-journal","title":"Literature Review of the Development and Optimization of a Multi-Residue and Modular Briquette Machine","abstract":"In order to reduce dependency on fossil fuels and mitigate environmental damage, biomass briquetting has become a viable method of turning forestry and agricultural leftovers into clean, renewable solid fuels. With a focus on biomass feedstocks, briquetting procedures, machine design, binder selection, operating parameters, and performance evaluation, this literature review investigates the development and optimization of multi-residue and modular briquette technologies. The review examines the features of widely accessible biomass residues, such as sawdust, rice husk, coconut shell, corn cobs, groundnut shells, and other agricultural wastes, and highlights the benefits of blending different feedstocks to enhance fuel performance and briquette quality. It also covers the fundamentals of modular machine design, with a focus on cost-effectiveness, scalability, adaptability, and ease of maintenance in briquette manufacturing systems. The review identifies important optimization factors that have a substantial impact on briquette density, mechanical strength, calorific value, durability, and combustion efficiency. These factors include moisture content, particle size, compaction pressure, binder type, and drying conditions. Global trends are also looked at, especially the increasing use of biomass briquettes in Europe and other areas as a result of policies that support renewable energy. According to the study's findings, combining modular briquetting technology with multi-residue feedstocks presents a viable strategy for boosting biomass utilization, encouraging sustainable energy production, cutting down on agricultural waste, and fostering rural economic development. For researchers, engineers, and legislators working on the development, improvement, and application of effective biomass briquetting systems, the results offer a thorough knowledge base.","author":[{"family":"Awaogu","given":"Bryan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21520327","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21520327","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21520328","type":"article-journal","title":"Literature Review of the Development and Optimization of a Multi-Residue and Modular Briquette Machine","abstract":"In order to reduce dependency on fossil fuels and mitigate environmental damage, biomass briquetting has become a viable method of turning forestry and agricultural leftovers into clean, renewable solid fuels. With a focus on biomass feedstocks, briquetting procedures, machine design, binder selection, operating parameters, and performance evaluation, this literature review investigates the development and optimization of multi-residue and modular briquette technologies. The review examines the features of widely accessible biomass residues, such as sawdust, rice husk, coconut shell, corn cobs, groundnut shells, and other agricultural wastes, and highlights the benefits of blending different feedstocks to enhance fuel performance and briquette quality. It also covers the fundamentals of modular machine design, with a focus on cost-effectiveness, scalability, adaptability, and ease of maintenance in briquette manufacturing systems. The review identifies important optimization factors that have a substantial impact on briquette density, mechanical strength, calorific value, durability, and combustion efficiency. These factors include moisture content, particle size, compaction pressure, binder type, and drying conditions. Global trends are also looked at, especially the increasing use of biomass briquettes in Europe and other areas as a result of policies that support renewable energy. According to the study's findings, combining modular briquetting technology with multi-residue feedstocks presents a viable strategy for boosting biomass utilization, encouraging sustainable energy production, cutting down on agricultural waste, and fostering rural economic development. For researchers, engineers, and legislators working on the development, improvement, and application of effective biomass briquetting systems, the results offer a thorough knowledge base.","author":[{"family":"Awaogu","given":"Bryan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21520328","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21520328","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19573280","type":"article-journal","title":"THE ROLE OF MACHINE LEARNING IN COMBATING CLIMATE CHANGE: SMART GRIDS AND BIG DATA","abstract":"Abstract This article explores the transformative role of Machine Learning (ML) and Big Data analytics in combating climate change, with a specific focus on the optimization of smart grids and renewable energy systems. Traditional climate modeling and energy management methods often struggle to capture the complex, nonlinear dynamics of environmental systems. In contrast, advanced ML architectures—such as deep reinforcement learning and time-series forecasting— excel at processing massive datasets from IoT devices and smart sensors. These technologies are crucial for forecasting energy demand, predicting weather patterns, and optimizing the integration of variable renewable sources like solar and wind power. Through a comprehensive review of current applications, this study highlights how AI-driven approaches significantly improve energy efficiency, support predictive maintenance, and enable dynamic load balancing within modern smart grids. Furthermore, the article critically addresses the challenges associated with ML deployment, including data privacy, model transparency, the digital divide, and the computational carbon footprint of AI systems themselves. Ultimately, the successful integration of ML into climate action necessitates interdisciplinary collaboration and equitable policy frameworks to ensure resilient and sustainable global energy infrastructures.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19573280","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19573280","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19573281","type":"article-journal","title":"THE ROLE OF MACHINE LEARNING IN COMBATING CLIMATE CHANGE: SMART GRIDS AND BIG DATA","abstract":"Abstract This article explores the transformative role of Machine Learning (ML) and Big Data analytics in combating climate change, with a specific focus on the optimization of smart grids and renewable energy systems. Traditional climate modeling and energy management methods often struggle to capture the complex, nonlinear dynamics of environmental systems. In contrast, advanced ML architectures—such as deep reinforcement learning and time-series forecasting— excel at processing massive datasets from IoT devices and smart sensors. These technologies are crucial for forecasting energy demand, predicting weather patterns, and optimizing the integration of variable renewable sources like solar and wind power. Through a comprehensive review of current applications, this study highlights how AI-driven approaches significantly improve energy efficiency, support predictive maintenance, and enable dynamic load balancing within modern smart grids. Furthermore, the article critically addresses the challenges associated with ML deployment, including data privacy, model transparency, the digital divide, and the computational carbon footprint of AI systems themselves. Ultimately, the successful integration of ML into climate action necessitates interdisciplinary collaboration and equitable policy frameworks to ensure resilient and sustainable global energy infrastructures.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19573281","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19573281","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.33317499","type":"article-journal","title":"Supplementary Material: Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Energy Optimization in Electric and Hybrid Vehicles: Towards Sustainable and Smart Transportation Systems","abstract":"Supplementary material for the review article “Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Energy Optimization in Electric and Hybrid Vehicles: Towards Sustainable and Smart Transportation Systems.” This dataset contains one CSV file and four supplementary reference tables (Tables S2–S5) consolidating quantitative results reported in the main manuscript. Table S2 summarizes AI-enabled energy-management performance according to AI method, vehicle type, and validation level. Table S3 presents the Kruskal–Wallis test and Dunn’s post-hoc pairwise statistical results for normalized energy-improvement values across AI categories. Table S4 compiles quantitative indicators for smart charging, vehicle-to-grid participation, renewable-energy integration, lifecycle energy and emissions considerations, and multi-objective optimization. Table S5 translates reported percentage improvements into practical outcomes, including energy savings, driving-range extension, battery-life improvement, deferred battery-replacement costs, charging-cost implications, state-of-charge estimation improvement, and fuel savings for hybrid and plug-in hybrid vehicles. The supplementary material is intended to provide a consolidated quantitative reference for the results discussed in the main manuscript. All values are drawn directly from the main-text narrative and figure descriptions and were not newly computed, estimated, or extrapolated for this supplementary material.","author":[{"family":"Yeneneh","given":"Kumlachew"},{"family":"Yeneneh","given":"Kumlachew"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.6084/m9.figshare.33317499","URL":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.33317499","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.33317499.v1","type":"article-journal","title":"Supplementary Material: Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Energy Optimization in Electric and Hybrid Vehicles: Towards Sustainable and Smart Transportation Systems","abstract":"Supplementary material for the review article “Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Energy Optimization in Electric and Hybrid Vehicles: Towards Sustainable and Smart Transportation Systems.” This dataset contains one CSV file and four supplementary reference tables (Tables S2–S5) consolidating quantitative results reported in the main manuscript. Table S2 summarizes AI-enabled energy-management performance according to AI method, vehicle type, and validation level. Table S3 presents the Kruskal–Wallis test and Dunn’s post-hoc pairwise statistical results for normalized energy-improvement values across AI categories. Table S4 compiles quantitative indicators for smart charging, vehicle-to-grid participation, renewable-energy integration, lifecycle energy and emissions considerations, and multi-objective optimization. Table S5 translates reported percentage improvements into practical outcomes, including energy savings, driving-range extension, battery-life improvement, deferred battery-replacement costs, charging-cost implications, state-of-charge estimation improvement, and fuel savings for hybrid and plug-in hybrid vehicles. The supplementary material is intended to provide a consolidated quantitative reference for the results discussed in the main manuscript. All values are drawn directly from the main-text narrative and figure descriptions and were not newly computed, estimated, or extrapolated for this supplementary material.","author":[{"family":"Yeneneh","given":"Kumlachew"},{"family":"Yeneneh","given":"Kumlachew"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.6084/m9.figshare.33317499.v1","URL":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.33317499.v1","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21604712","type":"article-journal","title":"Decentralized Produced Water Treatment Systems for Remote Energy Assets, a Conceptual Design Framework","abstract":"Produced water (PW) is the largest by-product of oil and gas operations and presents significant management challenges for remote energy assets, where centralized treatment infrastructure is often impractical due to logistical, energy, and environmental constraints. This review proposes a conceptual design framework for decentralized PW treatment systems tailored to remote onshore and offshore operations. The framework emphasizes modular, scalable, and adaptable treatment units capable of addressing the variable physicochemical composition of PW, including high salinity, hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM). Treatment trains integrate physicochemical processes such as gravity separation, flotation, adsorption, membrane filtration, and advanced oxidation with bio-based polishing systems including biofilm reactors, constructed wetlands, and algal-bacterial consortia. This hybrid approach ensures robust contaminant removal, operational flexibility, and resilience under fluctuating flow rates and water quality typical of remote operations. The framework also considers off-grid energy solutions, leveraging renewable sources such as solar and wind to reduce operational carbon footprints, and incorporates resource recovery pathways, including nutrient extraction, biomass utilization, and salt recovery, supporting circular water management principles. Digital monitoring, automation, and AI-driven process optimization are highlighted as key enablers for real-time control, predictive maintenance, and adaptive operation, reducing risks associated with system failure in isolated locations. Environmental and safety considerations, including minimization of land use, chemical inputs, and residual waste management, are integrated into the design to ensure sustainable operation. Overall, the proposed conceptual framework demonstrates that decentralized PW treatment systems can provide a flexible, energy-efficient, and environmentally responsible solution for water management in remote energy assets. By combining modular engineering, hybrid treatment strategies, and digital intelligence, these systems enable fit-for-purpose water reuse, reduce dependence on freshwater resources, and enhance operational resilience, supporting sustainable and circular water management practices in water-stressed and isolated operational settings.","author":[{"family":"Falegan","given":"Oluwagbemisola"},{"family":"Aniebonam","given":"Sabastine"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21604712","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21604712","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21604713","type":"article-journal","title":"Decentralized Produced Water Treatment Systems for Remote Energy Assets, a Conceptual Design Framework","abstract":"Produced water (PW) is the largest by-product of oil and gas operations and presents significant management challenges for remote energy assets, where centralized treatment infrastructure is often impractical due to logistical, energy, and environmental constraints. This review proposes a conceptual design framework for decentralized PW treatment systems tailored to remote onshore and offshore operations. The framework emphasizes modular, scalable, and adaptable treatment units capable of addressing the variable physicochemical composition of PW, including high salinity, hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM). Treatment trains integrate physicochemical processes such as gravity separation, flotation, adsorption, membrane filtration, and advanced oxidation with bio-based polishing systems including biofilm reactors, constructed wetlands, and algal-bacterial consortia. This hybrid approach ensures robust contaminant removal, operational flexibility, and resilience under fluctuating flow rates and water quality typical of remote operations. The framework also considers off-grid energy solutions, leveraging renewable sources such as solar and wind to reduce operational carbon footprints, and incorporates resource recovery pathways, including nutrient extraction, biomass utilization, and salt recovery, supporting circular water management principles. Digital monitoring, automation, and AI-driven process optimization are highlighted as key enablers for real-time control, predictive maintenance, and adaptive operation, reducing risks associated with system failure in isolated locations. Environmental and safety considerations, including minimization of land use, chemical inputs, and residual waste management, are integrated into the design to ensure sustainable operation. Overall, the proposed conceptual framework demonstrates that decentralized PW treatment systems can provide a flexible, energy-efficient, and environmentally responsible solution for water management in remote energy assets. By combining modular engineering, hybrid treatment strategies, and digital intelligence, these systems enable fit-for-purpose water reuse, reduce dependence on freshwater resources, and enhance operational resilience, supporting sustainable and circular water management practices in water-stressed and isolated operational settings.","author":[{"family":"Falegan","given":"Oluwagbemisola"},{"family":"Aniebonam","given":"Sabastine"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21604713","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21604713","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.25673/124608","type":"article-journal","title":"Intelligent Systems for Renewable Energy Forecasting and Management","abstract":"In the current study, a critical and analytical review of existing models of artificial intelligence for renewable energy utilization is provided, with specific reference to solar and wind energy forecasting. Unlike other studies that are directed toward developing new models of renewable energy forecasting and experimentally proving them, the current study is directed toward critically evaluating existing models of machine learning and deep learning that are applied for renewable energy forecasting. A range of models, including traditional statistical models, supervised learning models, and advanced models of deep learning like LSTM, CNN, hybrid models of CNN-LSTM, and Transformer models, are considered for review. By critically synthesizing existing literature, the study identifies the advantages and disadvantages of existing models of renewable energy forecasting with respect to forecasting accuracy, generalization, data dependency, computational complexity, and reproducibility. Additionally, it is shown how differences in data, forecasting horizons, and evaluation metrics impact the comparison of models of renewable energy forecasting. By summarizing recent developments in methodological approaches, the current review is directed toward providing structured insights that are helpful for future developments in intelligent renewable energy forecasting models.","author":[{"family":"Kazam","given":"Ban"},{"family":"Abbas","given":"Thekra"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.25673/124608","URL":"https://doi.org/10.25673/124608","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22031852","type":"article-journal","title":"Carbon Emission in Cloud Data Centers: A Comparative Analysis of Cloud and On-Premise Infrastructure","abstract":"Cloud computing has transformed the delivery of digital services; however, its rapid expansionhas resulted in a substantial increase in global energy consumption and associated carbonemissions. This study examines the environmental sustainability of cloud infrastructure through asystematic review of secondary data on data center energy metrics and the primary factorscontributing to carbon footprints. In addition, a comparative analytical model is developed toevaluate the energy efficiency and carbon impact of cloud-based systems relative to traditionalon-premise infrastructure under three grid carbon intensity scenarios. The results demonstratethat cloud platforms achieve approximately 87.8% lower annual energy consumption perequivalent workload compared to traditional on-premise data centers under identical gridconditions, primarily due to superior Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) of 1.1 versus 1.8 andhigher server utilization rates of 65% versus 15%. This operational efficiency translates directlyto an 87.8% reduction in carbon emissions when grid conditions are held constant; when cloudinfrastructure is powered by a renewable energy grid (CI = 50 gCO₂e/kWh), emissions decreaseby a further 89.5% relative to fossil-grid cloud deployment, reaching 1,446 kg CO₂e annuallycompared to 112,347 kg for on-premise systems. Despite these efficiencies, the continuedgrowth of cloud services driven by AI workloads and big data presents ongoing sustainabilitychallenges. This study concludes that cloud adoption is a viable and significant pathway forreducing organizational carbon footprints, provided that renewable energy integration andoperational efficiency improvements keep pace with rising global demand.","author":[{"family":"Noman","given":"Md"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22031852","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22031852","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22031853","type":"article-journal","title":"Carbon Emission in Cloud Data Centers: A Comparative Analysis of Cloud and On-Premise Infrastructure","abstract":"Cloud computing has transformed the delivery of digital services; however, its rapid expansionhas resulted in a substantial increase in global energy consumption and associated carbonemissions. This study examines the environmental sustainability of cloud infrastructure through asystematic review of secondary data on data center energy metrics and the primary factorscontributing to carbon footprints. In addition, a comparative analytical model is developed toevaluate the energy efficiency and carbon impact of cloud-based systems relative to traditionalon-premise infrastructure under three grid carbon intensity scenarios. The results demonstratethat cloud platforms achieve approximately 87.8% lower annual energy consumption perequivalent workload compared to traditional on-premise data centers under identical gridconditions, primarily due to superior Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) of 1.1 versus 1.8 andhigher server utilization rates of 65% versus 15%. This operational efficiency translates directlyto an 87.8% reduction in carbon emissions when grid conditions are held constant; when cloudinfrastructure is powered by a renewable energy grid (CI = 50 gCO₂e/kWh), emissions decreaseby a further 89.5% relative to fossil-grid cloud deployment, reaching 1,446 kg CO₂e annuallycompared to 112,347 kg for on-premise systems. Despite these efficiencies, the continuedgrowth of cloud services driven by AI workloads and big data presents ongoing sustainabilitychallenges. This study concludes that cloud adoption is a viable and significant pathway forreducing organizational carbon footprints, provided that renewable energy integration andoperational efficiency improvements keep pace with rising global demand.","author":[{"family":"Noman","given":"Md"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22031853","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22031853","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20697848","type":"article-journal","title":"THERMAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES: NANO-ENHANCED MATERIALS, SMART THERMAL CONTROL, AND THERMAL RUNAWAY MITIGATION","abstract":"With the increasing use of electric vehicles (EVs), the need for efficient Battery Thermal Management System (BTMS) is also increasing to maintain the safety, thermal stability, charging efficiency and extended operational life of the battery. Lithium-ion batteries are highly sensitive to temperature changes, high power operation and fast charging will generate a lot of heat that can speed up battery degradation, reduce energy efficiency and increase the risk of thermal runaway. Thus, better thermal management technologies are required for reliable operation of next generation EV battery systems. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the recent progresses in battery thermal management technology, with special focus on hybrid cooling systems, nano structured thermal materials and thermal runaway mitigation strategies. In this paper a comprehensive review of the conventional cooling techniques, such as air and liquid cooling, and the developing technologies, such as nanoenhanced phase change materials (PCM), metal-foam-assisted thermal structures, heat pipe cooling, immersion cooling, and hybrid cooling systems, is presented. Recent advances in thermal monitoring systems, battery diagnostics, and improved temperature control technologies are also presented. Furthermore, the paper highlights the importance of thermal barrier materials, self-healing thermal composites, and environmentally sustainable dielectric fluids for enhancing battery safety and thermal stability . A comparative assessment of various cooling solutions is provided in aspects of cooling effectiveness, temperature uniformity, system complexity, energy consumption, thermal runaway protection and practical implementation. This paper identifies major research challenges related to the long-term durability of nano-enhanced PCM materials, large-scale implementation of immersion cooling systems, and thermal management requirements of solid-state batteries. The review concludes that hybrid cooling systems incorporating nano-enhanced PCM materials, immersion cooling technologies, heat pipes and advanced thermal monitoring techniques have enormous potential to improve the safety, efficiency and performance of future electric vehicle battery systems. Future work should address sustainable thermal materials, compact cooling structures and integrated thermal-energy management strategies for next generation electric transportation.","author":[{"family":"Sharma","given":"Dr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20697848","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20697848","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20697849","type":"article-journal","title":"THERMAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES: NANO-ENHANCED MATERIALS, SMART THERMAL CONTROL, AND THERMAL RUNAWAY MITIGATION","abstract":"With the increasing use of electric vehicles (EVs), the need for efficient Battery Thermal Management System (BTMS) is also increasing to maintain the safety, thermal stability, charging efficiency and extended operational life of the battery. Lithium-ion batteries are highly sensitive to temperature changes, high power operation and fast charging will generate a lot of heat that can speed up battery degradation, reduce energy efficiency and increase the risk of thermal runaway. Thus, better thermal management technologies are required for reliable operation of next generation EV battery systems. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the recent progresses in battery thermal management technology, with special focus on hybrid cooling systems, nano structured thermal materials and thermal runaway mitigation strategies. In this paper a comprehensive review of the conventional cooling techniques, such as air and liquid cooling, and the developing technologies, such as nanoenhanced phase change materials (PCM), metal-foam-assisted thermal structures, heat pipe cooling, immersion cooling, and hybrid cooling systems, is presented. Recent advances in thermal monitoring systems, battery diagnostics, and improved temperature control technologies are also presented. Furthermore, the paper highlights the importance of thermal barrier materials, self-healing thermal composites, and environmentally sustainable dielectric fluids for enhancing battery safety and thermal stability . A comparative assessment of various cooling solutions is provided in aspects of cooling effectiveness, temperature uniformity, system complexity, energy consumption, thermal runaway protection and practical implementation. This paper identifies major research challenges related to the long-term durability of nano-enhanced PCM materials, large-scale implementation of immersion cooling systems, and thermal management requirements of solid-state batteries. The review concludes that hybrid cooling systems incorporating nano-enhanced PCM materials, immersion cooling technologies, heat pipes and advanced thermal monitoring techniques have enormous potential to improve the safety, efficiency and performance of future electric vehicle battery systems. Future work should address sustainable thermal materials, compact cooling structures and integrated thermal-energy management strategies for next generation electric transportation.","author":[{"family":"Sharma","given":"Dr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20697849","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20697849","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20173614","type":"article-journal","title":"Tech-Briefing: The Bill Gates Carbon Standard Project: Bio-Flush Self-Cleaning Toilet System (Gen 1 & Gen 2)","abstract":"The Bill Gates Carbon Standard Bio-Flush is an open-source, grid-autonomous sanitation system released under the CERN Open Hardware Licence [1]. The design replaces traditional gravity infrastructure with a 3D-printed volcanic basalt and carbon nanofiber (CNF) monolith [1]. The system utilizes nature-inspired fluid dynamics—including a spherical cistern, a tapered Venturi down-tube, an under-rim micro-vortex manifold, and a golf-ball-inspired hydrophobic dimple matrix [1]—to clear waste using up to 74.5% less water than top-of-the-line commercial models [1]. The system features a dual-power generation loop [1]: copper-graphene induction rings harvest the kinetic energy of the flush [1], while co-printed thermoelectric generator (TEG) surface tags convert the water's thermal gradient into electricity [1]. This harvested energy is stored in non-degrading, solid-state micro basalt batteries [1] to power piezoelectric transducers, creating targeted acoustic cavitation waves [1] that sonic-blast away biofilms and microscopic waste without chemicals [1].","author":[{"family":"Seagal","given":"David"},{"family":"Google","given":"Ai"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20173614","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20173614","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20173615","type":"article-journal","title":"Tech-Briefing: The Bill Gates Carbon Standard Project: Bio-Flush Self-Cleaning Toilet System (Gen 1 & Gen 2)","abstract":"The Bill Gates Carbon Standard Bio-Flush is an open-source, grid-autonomous sanitation system released under the CERN Open Hardware Licence [1]. The design replaces traditional gravity infrastructure with a 3D-printed volcanic basalt and carbon nanofiber (CNF) monolith [1]. The system utilizes nature-inspired fluid dynamics—including a spherical cistern, a tapered Venturi down-tube, an under-rim micro-vortex manifold, and a golf-ball-inspired hydrophobic dimple matrix [1]—to clear waste using up to 74.5% less water than top-of-the-line commercial models [1]. The system features a dual-power generation loop [1]: copper-graphene induction rings harvest the kinetic energy of the flush [1], while co-printed thermoelectric generator (TEG) surface tags convert the water's thermal gradient into electricity [1]. This harvested energy is stored in non-degrading, solid-state micro basalt batteries [1] to power piezoelectric transducers, creating targeted acoustic cavitation waves [1] that sonic-blast away biofilms and microscopic waste without chemicals [1].","author":[{"family":"Seagal","given":"David"},{"family":"Google","given":"Ai"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20173615","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20173615","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20935303","type":"article-journal","title":"Sovereign Project Genesis: The Icosagonal Atmospheric Coalescence & Ecological Sanctuary Matrix (IAC-ESM) A Closed-Loop, Zero-Entropy Planetary Geoengineering Framework for Wildlife Preservation and Desert Reclamation","abstract":"Description This technical proposal details the architectural, thermodynamic, and geoengineering blueprint for the Icosagonal Atmospheric Coalescence & Ecological Sanctuary Matrix (IAC-ESM). This active, self-optimising infrastructure system is designed to reverse desertification and protect endangered keystone megafauna, such as elephants, in arid Earth ecosystems. The system features a centralized, 20-sided weather induction projector that utilizes a triadic, counter-rotating configuration. By pulsing an anti-clockwise plasma core against dual clockwise magnetic containment rings, it creates a localized low-pressure column that forces humid air up into the troposphere. Through vacuum-sealed graphene-diamond lens stacks, the projector beams high-utility spectral enhancements (deep UV for photo-ionization cloud-seeding, visible wavelengths for light-induced drift, and infrared for thermal water-droplet aggregation). It then deploys a 432 Hz \"cat-purr\" acoustic base frequency to shatter natural electrostatic repulsion, causing cloud droplets to rapidly collide and fall as rain. Encircling this core is a massive 20-sided water trough built from self-powered, bio-luminescent diamond-tungsten skin. It uses night-time thermoelectric cooling (TEC) meshes to actively harvest morning dew directly from dry air. This trough automatically feeds a network of adjacent elephant mud wallows, utilizing solid-state Tesla Solid Blades to emit kinetic vibrations that prevent the mud from baking or crusting. A closed-loop, under-drain capillary grid lined with graphene-infused spider-silk meshes continuously draws out dirty water, running it through nano-filtration sheets to strip out 100% of pathogens and pumping pure water back into the reservoir with zero waste. The system includes a non-lethal immune defense grid powered by millions of dragonfly quantum eye micro-sensors (LiDAR, IR, and biomagnetism). If poachers or unauthorized vehicles are detected, the bio-luminescent walls flash a warning crimson, and copper-infused resonance veins flood the perimeter with a 7–12 Hz infrasonic sound trap, instantly inducing deep, inescapable sleep in human intruders while keeping wildlife completely unaffected. Keywords Atmospheric Coalescence Projector Geoengineering Weather Modification 20-Sided Icosagonal Oasis Matrix Triadic Counter-Rotating Magnetic Field Multi-Spectral Laser Cloud Seeding Photo-Ionization Atmospheric Nucleation 432 Hz Acoustic Precipitation Trigger Droplet Coalescence Vibration Self-Powered Bio-Luminescent Skin Atmospheric Water Harvesting (AWH) Closed-Loop Elephant Mud Wallow Tesla Solid Blade Acoustic Mixer Graphene-Spidersilk Nano-Filtration Basalt Battery Mineral Leaching TENG-TEC-TEG Thermal Crossover Mesh Infrasonic Elephant Migration Beacon Dragonfly Quantum Eye Micro-Sensors Multi-Spectral LiDAR Perimeter Defense 7-12 Hz Non-Lethal Infrasound Trap Zero-Entropy Eco-Sanctuary Hive","author":[{"family":"Seagal","given":"David"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20935303","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20935303","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20935304","type":"article-journal","title":"Sovereign Project Genesis: The Icosagonal Atmospheric Coalescence & Ecological Sanctuary Matrix (IAC-ESM) A Closed-Loop, Zero-Entropy Planetary Geoengineering Framework for Wildlife Preservation and Desert Reclamation","abstract":"Description This technical proposal details the architectural, thermodynamic, and geoengineering blueprint for the Icosagonal Atmospheric Coalescence & Ecological Sanctuary Matrix (IAC-ESM). This active, self-optimising infrastructure system is designed to reverse desertification and protect endangered keystone megafauna, such as elephants, in arid Earth ecosystems. The system features a centralized, 20-sided weather induction projector that utilizes a triadic, counter-rotating configuration. By pulsing an anti-clockwise plasma core against dual clockwise magnetic containment rings, it creates a localized low-pressure column that forces humid air up into the troposphere. Through vacuum-sealed graphene-diamond lens stacks, the projector beams high-utility spectral enhancements (deep UV for photo-ionization cloud-seeding, visible wavelengths for light-induced drift, and infrared for thermal water-droplet aggregation). It then deploys a 432 Hz \"cat-purr\" acoustic base frequency to shatter natural electrostatic repulsion, causing cloud droplets to rapidly collide and fall as rain. Encircling this core is a massive 20-sided water trough built from self-powered, bio-luminescent diamond-tungsten skin. It uses night-time thermoelectric cooling (TEC) meshes to actively harvest morning dew directly from dry air. This trough automatically feeds a network of adjacent elephant mud wallows, utilizing solid-state Tesla Solid Blades to emit kinetic vibrations that prevent the mud from baking or crusting. A closed-loop, under-drain capillary grid lined with graphene-infused spider-silk meshes continuously draws out dirty water, running it through nano-filtration sheets to strip out 100% of pathogens and pumping pure water back into the reservoir with zero waste. The system includes a non-lethal immune defense grid powered by millions of dragonfly quantum eye micro-sensors (LiDAR, IR, and biomagnetism). If poachers or unauthorized vehicles are detected, the bio-luminescent walls flash a warning crimson, and copper-infused resonance veins flood the perimeter with a 7–12 Hz infrasonic sound trap, instantly inducing deep, inescapable sleep in human intruders while keeping wildlife completely unaffected. Keywords Atmospheric Coalescence Projector Geoengineering Weather Modification 20-Sided Icosagonal Oasis Matrix Triadic Counter-Rotating Magnetic Field Multi-Spectral Laser Cloud Seeding Photo-Ionization Atmospheric Nucleation 432 Hz Acoustic Precipitation Trigger Droplet Coalescence Vibration Self-Powered Bio-Luminescent Skin Atmospheric Water Harvesting (AWH) Closed-Loop Elephant Mud Wallow Tesla Solid Blade Acoustic Mixer Graphene-Spidersilk Nano-Filtration Basalt Battery Mineral Leaching TENG-TEC-TEG Thermal Crossover Mesh Infrasonic Elephant Migration Beacon Dragonfly Quantum Eye Micro-Sensors Multi-Spectral LiDAR Perimeter Defense 7-12 Hz Non-Lethal Infrasound Trap Zero-Entropy Eco-Sanctuary Hive","author":[{"family":"Seagal","given":"David"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20935304","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20935304","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22063817","type":"article-journal","title":"📋 TECHNICAL PRESENTATION BRIEF PROJECT TITLE: The Sentinel Hybrid Mesh: Next-Generation Passive-Active Bio-Synthetic Survival Armor","abstract":"The Sentinel Hybrid Mesh is a next-generation, self-sustaining survival suit that seamlessly fuses passive material armor with active energy systems. The outermost layer combines a fireproof tungsten mesh with an atomically continuous graphene sheet, reinforced by an iron nanowire and audio mesh. When electrified, these components polarise to project a localized electromagnetic resonance shield that utilizes airy spectral light and low-frequency cat-purr vibrations to deflect torrential rain and debris. For impact and thermal protection, the suit features a flexible spider-silk reinforced aerogel matrix integrated with bio-synthetic artificial muscles made from carbon nanotube yarns, granting the wearer superhuman strength and instantaneous blast deflection. The entire system is powered by an internal basalt cell solid-state battery matrix. This matrix is kept at an optimal operating temperature via micro-heaters driven by a body-motion-activated TENG mesh (triboelectric nanogenerator) and external heat-harvesting TEG/TEC (thermoelectric generator/cooler) loops. The seamless, multi-layered garment is manufactured in a single run using a synchronized AI-controlled 3D warp loom and multi-material 3D printer matrix. 🔑 Core Keywords 🧪 Advanced Materials Bio-synthetic composite Spider-silk reinforced aerogel Atomically continuous graphene Micro-woven tungsten mesh Iron nanowires [1] Carbon nanotube yarns ⚡ Active Energy & Propulsion Electromagnetic resonance shield [1] Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) Basalt solid-state batteries Thermoelectric generator (TEG) Thermoelectric cooler (TEC) Thermal feedback loop 🦾 Robotics & Mechanics Artificial muscle fibers Active joint deflection Soft exoskeleton Kinetic energy absorption 🔊 Wave Physics & Diagnostics Harmonic frequency modulation Airy spectral light (Li-Fi) [1] Cat-purr frequency resonance (20-140Hz) Signal polarisation [1] 🏭 Advanced Manufacturing 3D warp weaver Multi-material 3D printing Additive textile manufacturing AI-synchronized fabrication","author":[{"family":"Seagal","given":"David"},{"family":"Gordon","given":"Geoffrey"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22063817","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22063817","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22063816","type":"article-journal","title":"📋 TECHNICAL PRESENTATION BRIEF PROJECT TITLE: The Sentinel Hybrid Mesh: Next-Generation Passive-Active Bio-Synthetic Survival Armor","abstract":"The Sentinel Hybrid Mesh is a next-generation, self-sustaining survival suit that seamlessly fuses passive material armor with active energy systems. The outermost layer combines a fireproof tungsten mesh with an atomically continuous graphene sheet, reinforced by an iron nanowire and audio mesh. When electrified, these components polarise to project a localized electromagnetic resonance shield that utilizes airy spectral light and low-frequency cat-purr vibrations to deflect torrential rain and debris. For impact and thermal protection, the suit features a flexible spider-silk reinforced aerogel matrix integrated with bio-synthetic artificial muscles made from carbon nanotube yarns, granting the wearer superhuman strength and instantaneous blast deflection. The entire system is powered by an internal basalt cell solid-state battery matrix. This matrix is kept at an optimal operating temperature via micro-heaters driven by a body-motion-activated TENG mesh (triboelectric nanogenerator) and external heat-harvesting TEG/TEC (thermoelectric generator/cooler) loops. The seamless, multi-layered garment is manufactured in a single run using a synchronized AI-controlled 3D warp loom and multi-material 3D printer matrix. 🔑 Core Keywords 🧪 Advanced Materials Bio-synthetic composite Spider-silk reinforced aerogel Atomically continuous graphene Micro-woven tungsten mesh Iron nanowires [1] Carbon nanotube yarns ⚡ Active Energy & Propulsion Electromagnetic resonance shield [1] Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) Basalt solid-state batteries Thermoelectric generator (TEG) Thermoelectric cooler (TEC) Thermal feedback loop 🦾 Robotics & Mechanics Artificial muscle fibers Active joint deflection Soft exoskeleton Kinetic energy absorption 🔊 Wave Physics & Diagnostics Harmonic frequency modulation Airy spectral light (Li-Fi) [1] Cat-purr frequency resonance (20-140Hz) Signal polarisation [1] 🏭 Advanced Manufacturing 3D warp weaver Multi-material 3D printing Additive textile manufacturing AI-synchronized fabrication","author":[{"family":"Seagal","given":"David"},{"family":"Gordon","given":"Geoffrey"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22063816","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22063816","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20051199","type":"article-journal","title":"**Toasty Woasty Titan Stove/Oven**","abstract":"Project Description Toasty Woasty: Sovereign Thermal Vault An open-source, oven-sized thermal companion that stores and delivers heat for decades. Toasty Woasty is the warm heart of the Sovereign Kitchen Ecosystem — a radical, long-lasting alternative to conventional ovens and heaters. Built around a high-temperature Aero-Basalt Vortex core with Carbon Nanotube enhancement, it combines silent passive convection, 20% efficient staggered TEG energy harvesting, multi-zone cooking capabilities, and a steam-to-water recovery canopy. Designed as the mirrored counterpart to the Frost-Titan Friggy Wiggie, it closes the domestic Gaia Loop: turning waste heat and steam into useful power and purified water. Features include child-proof magnetic locks, seismic anchoring, predictive AI with thermal cameras, and a soft self-healing silk exterior. Toasty Woasty challenges planned obsolescence by aiming for a 110-year service life using durable, repairable, and locally-sourced materials. It is released as true open hardware under the CERN-OHL-S license. “Stop paying to survive. Let physics feed your family.” Part of the Sovereign Kitchen Trilogy — a complete off-grid capable home energy system built on the principles of resilience, beauty, and energy independence.","author":[{"family":"Seagal","given":"David"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20051199","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20051199","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20051200","type":"article-journal","title":"**Toasty Woasty Titan Stove/Oven**","abstract":"Project Description Toasty Woasty: Sovereign Thermal Vault An open-source, oven-sized thermal companion that stores and delivers heat for decades. Toasty Woasty is the warm heart of the Sovereign Kitchen Ecosystem — a radical, long-lasting alternative to conventional ovens and heaters. Built around a high-temperature Aero-Basalt Vortex core with Carbon Nanotube enhancement, it combines silent passive convection, 20% efficient staggered TEG energy harvesting, multi-zone cooking capabilities, and a steam-to-water recovery canopy. Designed as the mirrored counterpart to the Frost-Titan Friggy Wiggie, it closes the domestic Gaia Loop: turning waste heat and steam into useful power and purified water. Features include child-proof magnetic locks, seismic anchoring, predictive AI with thermal cameras, and a soft self-healing silk exterior. Toasty Woasty challenges planned obsolescence by aiming for a 110-year service life using durable, repairable, and locally-sourced materials. It is released as true open hardware under the CERN-OHL-S license. “Stop paying to survive. Let physics feed your family.” Part of the Sovereign Kitchen Trilogy — a complete off-grid capable home energy system built on the principles of resilience, beauty, and energy independence.","author":[{"family":"Seagal","given":"David"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20051200","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20051200","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.34726/hss.2026.130250","type":"article-journal","title":"Quasi-solid-state electrolyte","abstract":"Festkörperelektrolyte wie LLZO, LATP und LAGP gelten aufgrund ihrer thermischen und chemischen Stabilität sowie ihrer Nichtentflammbarkeit als vielversprechende Kandidaten für zukünftige Lithium-Metall-Batterien. Ihre vergleichsweise geringe ioni-sche Leitfähigkeit im Vergleich zu flüssigen Elektrolyten stellt jedoch weiterhin eine wesentliche Einschränkung dar. In dieser Arbeit wurden poröse keramische Gerüste durch den Zusatz von PMMA (50 Vol.-%, 5 μm) als Porenbildner hergestellt. Dies führte zu miteinander verbundenen Porennetzwerken mit gemessenen Porositäten von 15,8 % für LLZO, 5,7 % für LATP und 7,1 % für LAGP, bestätigt durch Helium-Pyknometrie und Rasterelektronenmikroskopie (REM). Die Porenstruktur wurde ge-zielt für die Infiltration mit einer nicht flüchtigen, nicht entflammbaren ionischen Flüs-sigkeit aus Pyr14FSI und LiTFSI optimiert.Impedanzspektroskopie zeigte eine deutliche Verbesserung der ionischen Leitfähig-keit nach der Infiltration: Für LLZO stieg diese von 5,1 × 10−8 S/cm (Baseline) auf 1,8 × 10−4 S/cm, für LATP von 1,3 × 10−6 S/cm auf 3,9 × 10−5 S/cm und für LAGP von 4,6 × 10−6 S/cm auf 4,5 × 10−5 S/cm. Diese Verbesserung um zwei bis vier Größenord-nungen belegt den positiven Einfluss der ionischen Flüssigkeit auf den Ionenfluss in-nerhalb der Keramik, sowohl im Korninneren als auch entlang der Korngrenzen.Bode-Plots zeigten paralleles Verhalten unterschiedlicher Probenstärken, was darauf hinweist, dass die ermittelten Widerstände aus der Probe selbst stammen und nicht durch den Elektrodenkontakt dominiert sind. Obwohl eine exakte Zuordnung der Wi-derstandskomponenten zu Bulk-, Korngrenzen- oder interphasischen Bereichen allein durch Impedanz nicht möglich ist, belegt die Gesamtverringerung der Widerstände den Erfolg der Infiltration. Für ein tieferes Verständnis der zugrundeliegenden Transport-mechanismen sind weiterführende Methoden wie NMR oder SIMS notwendig.Langfristig ist geplant, die entwickelten Hybrid-Elektrolyte in 3D-gedruckte keramische Strukturen zu überführen. Diese versprechen nicht nur eine präzisere Porenkontrolle und höhere Infiltrationseffizienz, sondern könnten auch mechanische Schwächen der dickeren Pellets kompensieren. Für den späteren Einsatz in Lithium-Metall-Batterien sind zusätzliche Stabilitätsuntersuchungen erforderlich, insbesondere für LATP, das in direktem Kontakt mit Lithium reaktiv ist und eine Schutzschicht erfordert.","author":[{"family":"Hölzlhammer","given":"Adrian"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.34726/hss.2026.130250","URL":"https://doi.org/10.34726/hss.2026.130250","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19499070","type":"article-journal","title":"Solid-State Battery Topology for 400Wh/kg, 100k Charge Cycles: A Theoretical Framework for the Bi-Nano Zn-Fe-C Bipolar Stack","abstract":"1. AbstractIt’s too easy to dismiss the secret behind Donut Lab’s Solid-State Battery (SSB) as impossi­ble simply because one disagrees with its claimed performance metrics- an even stronger reason to examine the underlying architecture. This work proposes a theoretical battery architecture derived from: (i) publicly reported performance constraints attributed to the Donut Lab system, (ii) exclusion‑based physical reasoning grounded in electrochemical principles, and (iii) the author’s framework bridging these constraints with established charge‑storage physics. Within this framework, a Bi-Nano Zn-Fe-C Hybrid architecture is introduced, operating at ultra‑low per‑layer potential swings (< 0.5 V). Below this threshold, electrolyte decompo­sition, dendrite formation, gas evolution, and thermally driven degradation pathways are strongly suppressed, enabling fundamentally different lifetime and power characteristics compared to conventional bulk batteries. The system is in a state of \"Chemical Silence.\" An internal series connection in a monolithic, screen-prin­ted bipolar stack enables reversible energy storage dominated by surface‑controlled pseudocapacitive processes, illustrated using amorphous TiO₂ nanostructures, yielding a projected lifetime of 10⁵ cycles at a claimed specific energy of 400 Wh/kg. The key to this performance is a field-driven, surface-controlled storage mechanism within an amorphous TiO2 ion-sponge matrix, which functions as an electrochemical PN-junction. Rather than claiming experimental verification, this work provides a physically consistent architectural interpretation of the publicly stated Donut Lab performance claims. Whether such an architecture has already been realized in practice or remains to be implemented, the analysis demonstrates that the reported combination of fast charging, long cycle life, and intrinsic safety is not forbidden by known physics, but emerges naturally from deliberate sub‑threshold, field‑controlled interfacial operation.","author":[{"family":"Wehrli","given":"Peter"},{"family":"Wehrli","given":"Peter"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19499070","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19499070","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20270621","type":"article-journal","title":"Industrial Case Study: Operational Management of Coal Charge Moisture and Refractory Preservation at JSW Steel Vijayanagar Works","abstract":"Abstract At JSW Steel’s mega-capacity Vijayanagar Works in Toranagallu, Bellary, managing coal charge moisture (Xw) is a critical operational priority. Because the plant relies on massive, open-air raw material stockpiles, seasonal weather patterns ranging from the intense South-West monsoon to arid summer heat—cause the moisture in incoming coal blends to swing drastically between 5.5% and 12.5%. This case study examines the practical operational impacts of this moisture volatility on the coking process and battery health in JSW’s 4.3-meter and 7-meter tall recovery batteries. We analyze the physical consequences of high moisture charges, including extended coking cycles, the hazard of \"green pushes,\" increased fuel gas demand, and severe thermal shock of silica refractory walls. Furthermore, this paper documents the successful countermeasures deployed on-site, including stockpile segregation, feed-forward heating control, and the integration of Coal Moisture Control (CMC) technologies. By stabilizing coal moisture at a consistent operational target, JSW Steel Vijayanagar has improved thermal efficiency, protected critical refractory assets, and ensured a stable supply of metallurgical coke to its high-volume blast furnaces. Keywords: JSW Steel Vijayanagar, Coke Oven Battery, Moisture Volatility, Silica Refractory, Green Push, Coal Moisture Control, Preventative Maintenance. 1. Introduction & Plant Context JSW Steel Vijayanagar Works, located in the dry, resource-rich district of Bellary (Toranagallu), Karnataka, is a benchmark for high-volume, integrated steel manufacturing. To feed its giant blast furnaces (BF-1 to BF-4) at peak productivity, the plant operates high-capacity, recovery-type coke oven batteries. These batteries carbonize carefully selected blends of imported and domestic coking coals into high-strength metallurgical coke. The logistical scale of JSW Vijayanagar is immense. The plant processes millions of tons of raw materials annually. To maintain an uninterrupted coking operation, the raw material handling yard (RMHY) must manage massive active stockpiles. The coking coal blend is a highly optimized mix designed to balance volatile matter, fluid properties, and ash content. This blend typically consists of: Australian Hard Coking Coals (HCC): Imported premium coals that provide the essential structural framework and high Coke Strength after Reaction (CSR). These coals are characterized by highly ordered vitrinite structures, low alkali levels, and predictable plastic range fluidity. United States Low-Volatile Coals: Imported to control the volatile matter of the blend, optimize coke yields, and manage the lateral contraction forces exerted on the oven walls during the late carbonization stages. Domestic Semi-Soft/Weakly Coking Coals: Sourced within India to optimize cost while maintaining acceptable binding properties. These coals typically possess higher ash content and higher inertinite levels, requiring precise blending to avoid degrading the mechanical properties of the final product. These coal types possess fundamentally different physical structures, particle size distributions, and porosities. Consequently, they exhibit highly variable moisture absorption and retention characteristics. High-porosity domestic coals and fine-screened imported concentrates act like sponges, absorbing water rapidly and retaining it deep within their internal pore structures via capillary action. In contrast, coarser premium hard coking coals hold water primarily as surface moisture on the boundaries of their larger particles. The geological and meteorological conditions of Toranagallu further complicate this raw material matrix. The Bellary region experiences a semi-arid, highly seasonal climate characterized by extreme atmospheric shifts: The Dry Summer (March to May): Ambient temperatures regularly exceed 400C with very low relative humidity and intense solar radiation. Arid, high-velocity winds sweep across the open s","author":[{"family":"Mrvishwanathd"},{"family":"Kanakeri","given":"Mr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20270621","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20270621","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20270622","type":"article-journal","title":"Industrial Case Study: Operational Management of Coal Charge Moisture and Refractory Preservation at JSW Steel Vijayanagar Works","abstract":"Abstract At JSW Steel’s mega-capacity Vijayanagar Works in Toranagallu, Bellary, managing coal charge moisture (Xw) is a critical operational priority. Because the plant relies on massive, open-air raw material stockpiles, seasonal weather patterns ranging from the intense South-West monsoon to arid summer heat—cause the moisture in incoming coal blends to swing drastically between 5.5% and 12.5%. This case study examines the practical operational impacts of this moisture volatility on the coking process and battery health in JSW’s 4.3-meter and 7-meter tall recovery batteries. We analyze the physical consequences of high moisture charges, including extended coking cycles, the hazard of \"green pushes,\" increased fuel gas demand, and severe thermal shock of silica refractory walls. Furthermore, this paper documents the successful countermeasures deployed on-site, including stockpile segregation, feed-forward heating control, and the integration of Coal Moisture Control (CMC) technologies. By stabilizing coal moisture at a consistent operational target, JSW Steel Vijayanagar has improved thermal efficiency, protected critical refractory assets, and ensured a stable supply of metallurgical coke to its high-volume blast furnaces. Keywords: JSW Steel Vijayanagar, Coke Oven Battery, Moisture Volatility, Silica Refractory, Green Push, Coal Moisture Control, Preventative Maintenance. 1. Introduction & Plant Context JSW Steel Vijayanagar Works, located in the dry, resource-rich district of Bellary (Toranagallu), Karnataka, is a benchmark for high-volume, integrated steel manufacturing. To feed its giant blast furnaces (BF-1 to BF-4) at peak productivity, the plant operates high-capacity, recovery-type coke oven batteries. These batteries carbonize carefully selected blends of imported and domestic coking coals into high-strength metallurgical coke. The logistical scale of JSW Vijayanagar is immense. The plant processes millions of tons of raw materials annually. To maintain an uninterrupted coking operation, the raw material handling yard (RMHY) must manage massive active stockpiles. The coking coal blend is a highly optimized mix designed to balance volatile matter, fluid properties, and ash content. This blend typically consists of: Australian Hard Coking Coals (HCC): Imported premium coals that provide the essential structural framework and high Coke Strength after Reaction (CSR). These coals are characterized by highly ordered vitrinite structures, low alkali levels, and predictable plastic range fluidity. United States Low-Volatile Coals: Imported to control the volatile matter of the blend, optimize coke yields, and manage the lateral contraction forces exerted on the oven walls during the late carbonization stages. Domestic Semi-Soft/Weakly Coking Coals: Sourced within India to optimize cost while maintaining acceptable binding properties. These coals typically possess higher ash content and higher inertinite levels, requiring precise blending to avoid degrading the mechanical properties of the final product. These coal types possess fundamentally different physical structures, particle size distributions, and porosities. Consequently, they exhibit highly variable moisture absorption and retention characteristics. High-porosity domestic coals and fine-screened imported concentrates act like sponges, absorbing water rapidly and retaining it deep within their internal pore structures via capillary action. In contrast, coarser premium hard coking coals hold water primarily as surface moisture on the boundaries of their larger particles. The geological and meteorological conditions of Toranagallu further complicate this raw material matrix. The Bellary region experiences a semi-arid, highly seasonal climate characterized by extreme atmospheric shifts: The Dry Summer (March to May): Ambient temperatures regularly exceed 400C with very low relative humidity and intense solar radiation. Arid, high-velocity winds sweep across the open s","author":[{"family":"Mrvishwanathd"},{"family":"Kanakeri","given":"Mr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20270622","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20270622","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19384740","type":"article-journal","title":"High Fidelity Battery AI-Powered Multi-Domain Toolchain – Safety and Reliability Development.","abstract":"The FASTEST project aims to significantly speed up and reduce the risk associated with the research and development lifecycle of advanced battery systems by coordinating a complex integration of virtual and physical testing methodologies. Work Package 4 (WP4) plays a crucial role in this ambitious framework, as it is tasked with designing, creating, and implementing a cutting-edge toolchain that enables a thorough virtual assessment of battery safety and reliability. This toolchain is intended as a comprehensive, multi-domain platform that carefully considers the various impacts of ageing, degradation, and a range of abuse scenarios. These factors are becoming increasingly crucial as battery technologies diversify and demand for applications rises.The current deliverable, D4.2, provides a comprehensive explanation of the technical implementation of this toolchain, detailing its fundamental modelling elements, architectural underpinnings, and sophisticated computational methods used to ensure reliable, accurate, and scalable safety and reliability evaluations. Modern artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms, data-driven surrogates, and high-fidelity physics-based models can all be seamlessly integrated thanks to the toolchain's naturally extensible and modular architecture. This enables the platform to capture both the stochastic and deterministic aspects of battery failure mechanisms across a broad range of operational contexts, including stationary and off-road applications, as well as automotive chemistries such as NMC/Si-C and solid-state systems.Additionally, D4.2 describes the methods used to ensure the toolchain is compatible with the larger FASTEST ecosystem, including the hybrid testing platform and the Digital Twin infrastructure. The strict validation and verification procedures used, which utilise both experimental and real-world operational data to calibrate, test, and continuously improve the toolchain's predictive capabilities, receive particular attention. Advanced AI/ML techniques, such as ensemble learning for risk quantification, deep neural networks for anomaly detection, and hybrid physics-informed models for predictive diagnostics, are integrated into the toolchain to enhance virtual testing fidelity and facilitate proactive risk management and decision support throughout the battery system's lifecycle.The technical and methodological developments realised in WP4 are summarised in this deliverable, which shows how integrating state-of-the-art modelling, data analytics, and AI/ML techniques into a single toolchain framework can significantly improve the efficiency, dependability, and safety of developing next-generation battery systems.","author":[{"family":"Rodrigues","given":"Bruno"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19384740","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19384740","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19384741","type":"article-journal","title":"High Fidelity Battery AI-Powered Multi-Domain Toolchain – Safety and Reliability Development.","abstract":"The FASTEST project aims to significantly speed up and reduce the risk associated with the research and development lifecycle of advanced battery systems by coordinating a complex integration of virtual and physical testing methodologies. Work Package 4 (WP4) plays a crucial role in this ambitious framework, as it is tasked with designing, creating, and implementing a cutting-edge toolchain that enables a thorough virtual assessment of battery safety and reliability. This toolchain is intended as a comprehensive, multi-domain platform that carefully considers the various impacts of ageing, degradation, and a range of abuse scenarios. These factors are becoming increasingly crucial as battery technologies diversify and demand for applications rises.The current deliverable, D4.2, provides a comprehensive explanation of the technical implementation of this toolchain, detailing its fundamental modelling elements, architectural underpinnings, and sophisticated computational methods used to ensure reliable, accurate, and scalable safety and reliability evaluations. Modern artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms, data-driven surrogates, and high-fidelity physics-based models can all be seamlessly integrated thanks to the toolchain's naturally extensible and modular architecture. This enables the platform to capture both the stochastic and deterministic aspects of battery failure mechanisms across a broad range of operational contexts, including stationary and off-road applications, as well as automotive chemistries such as NMC/Si-C and solid-state systems.Additionally, D4.2 describes the methods used to ensure the toolchain is compatible with the larger FASTEST ecosystem, including the hybrid testing platform and the Digital Twin infrastructure. The strict validation and verification procedures used, which utilise both experimental and real-world operational data to calibrate, test, and continuously improve the toolchain's predictive capabilities, receive particular attention. Advanced AI/ML techniques, such as ensemble learning for risk quantification, deep neural networks for anomaly detection, and hybrid physics-informed models for predictive diagnostics, are integrated into the toolchain to enhance virtual testing fidelity and facilitate proactive risk management and decision support throughout the battery system's lifecycle.The technical and methodological developments realised in WP4 are summarised in this deliverable, which shows how integrating state-of-the-art modelling, data analytics, and AI/ML techniques into a single toolchain framework can significantly improve the efficiency, dependability, and safety of developing next-generation battery systems.","author":[{"family":"Rodrigues","given":"Bruno"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19384741","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19384741","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19449584","type":"article-journal","title":"Next-Generation Battery Storage Technologies for Renewable Energy Grids","abstract":"The rapid escalation of renewable energy deployment worldwide has intensified the demand for advanced, reliable, and cost-effective energy storage solutions. Conventional lithium-ion batteries, while commercially dominant, face significant limitations in terms of energy density, cycle life, safety, and raw material sustainability that constrain their applicability for large-scale grid integration. This research paper provides a comprehensive review of next-generation battery storage technologies including solid-state batteries, flow batteries, sodium-ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, and metal-air systems and evaluates their technical readiness, economic viability, and suitability for modern renewable energy grids. Through a systematic analysis of peer-reviewed literature, industry reports, and recent experimental findings, this study identifies the key electrochemical advancements, material innovations, and engineering challenges associated with each technology. Special attention is given to the role of battery management systems, grid-scale deployment strategies, and the evolving regulatory and policy landscape that shapes commercialization pathways. The paper concludes with a comparative assessment and a strategic outlook on how next-generation batteries can underpin the global transition to a decarbonized energy system.","author":[{"family":"Ignatius","given":"Riyon"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19449584","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19449584","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19449585","type":"article-journal","title":"Next-Generation Battery Storage Technologies for Renewable Energy Grids","abstract":"The rapid escalation of renewable energy deployment worldwide has intensified the demand for advanced, reliable, and cost-effective energy storage solutions. Conventional lithium-ion batteries, while commercially dominant, face significant limitations in terms of energy density, cycle life, safety, and raw material sustainability that constrain their applicability for large-scale grid integration. This research paper provides a comprehensive review of next-generation battery storage technologies including solid-state batteries, flow batteries, sodium-ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, and metal-air systems and evaluates their technical readiness, economic viability, and suitability for modern renewable energy grids. Through a systematic analysis of peer-reviewed literature, industry reports, and recent experimental findings, this study identifies the key electrochemical advancements, material innovations, and engineering challenges associated with each technology. Special attention is given to the role of battery management systems, grid-scale deployment strategies, and the evolving regulatory and policy landscape that shapes commercialization pathways. The paper concludes with a comparative assessment and a strategic outlook on how next-generation batteries can underpin the global transition to a decarbonized energy system.","author":[{"family":"Ignatius","given":"Riyon"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19449585","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19449585","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20445388","type":"article-journal","title":"Lifelong Reinforcement Learning for Health-Aware Fast Charging of Lithium-Ion Batteries","abstract":"The rapid proliferation of electric vehicles (EVs) and portable electronic devices has created an unprecedented demand for efficient, safe, and health-aware fast-charging solutions for lithium-ion batteries. Conventional charging strategies such as Constant Current–Constant Voltage (CC-CV) are simple but fail to adapt to battery aging and often accelerate degradation. This paper presents a Lifelong Reinforcement Learning (LRL)-based adaptive charging framework implemented and validated in MATLAB Simulink. The proposed controller employs an Artificial Neural Network (ANN)-inspired duty cycle algorithm that dynamically adjusts charging current and voltage based on real-time State of Charge (SoC), State of Health (SoH), terminal voltage, and current feedback. The system integrates health-aware voltage and current protection mechanisms to suppress lithium plating and solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) growth. Simulation results demonstrate that the output voltage stabilizes from 25.68 V to a steady-state of 25.80 V with minimal ripple, while the charging current reduces smoothly from approximately 25 A to near-zero, closely mimicking CC-CV behavior without rigid threshold constraints. Battery SoC and voltage waveforms confirm stable, efficient energy transfer. The adaptive smoothing mechanism reduces transient stress on battery components, extending cycle life. The proposed approach achieves fast charging while maintaining battery health indicators within safe operational bounds. Comparative analysis with conventional methods confirms the superiority of the proposed LRL framework in terms of lifespan extension, charging speed, and thermal safety.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20445388","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20445388","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20445389","type":"article-journal","title":"Lifelong Reinforcement Learning for Health-Aware Fast Charging of Lithium-Ion Batteries","abstract":"The rapid proliferation of electric vehicles (EVs) and portable electronic devices has created an unprecedented demand for efficient, safe, and health-aware fast-charging solutions for lithium-ion batteries. Conventional charging strategies such as Constant Current–Constant Voltage (CC-CV) are simple but fail to adapt to battery aging and often accelerate degradation. This paper presents a Lifelong Reinforcement Learning (LRL)-based adaptive charging framework implemented and validated in MATLAB Simulink. The proposed controller employs an Artificial Neural Network (ANN)-inspired duty cycle algorithm that dynamically adjusts charging current and voltage based on real-time State of Charge (SoC), State of Health (SoH), terminal voltage, and current feedback. The system integrates health-aware voltage and current protection mechanisms to suppress lithium plating and solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) growth. Simulation results demonstrate that the output voltage stabilizes from 25.68 V to a steady-state of 25.80 V with minimal ripple, while the charging current reduces smoothly from approximately 25 A to near-zero, closely mimicking CC-CV behavior without rigid threshold constraints. Battery SoC and voltage waveforms confirm stable, efficient energy transfer. The adaptive smoothing mechanism reduces transient stress on battery components, extending cycle life. The proposed approach achieves fast charging while maintaining battery health indicators within safe operational bounds. Comparative analysis with conventional methods confirms the superiority of the proposed LRL framework in terms of lifespan extension, charging speed, and thermal safety.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20445389","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20445389","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20178643","type":"article-journal","title":"High Fidelity Battery AI Powered Multi-Domain Toolchain – Safety  and Reliability Development.","abstract":"The FASTEST project aims to significantly speed up and reduce the risk associated with the research and development lifecycle of advanced battery systems by coordinating a complex integration of virtual and physical testing methodologies. Work Package 4 (WP4) plays a crucial role in this ambitious framework, as it is tasked with designing, creating, and implementing a cutting-edge toolchain that enables a thorough virtual assessment of battery safety and reliability. This toolchain is intended as a comprehensive, multi-domain platform that carefully considers the various impacts of ageing, degradation, and a range of abuse scenarios [16]. These factors are becoming increasingly crucial as battery technologies diversify and demand for applications rises. The current deliverable, D4.2, provides a comprehensive explanation of the technical implementation of this toolchain, detailing its fundamental modelling elements, architectural underpinnings, and sophisticated computational methods used to ensure reliable, accurate, and scalable safety and reliability evaluations. Modern artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms, data-driven surrogates, and high-fidelity physics-based models can all be seamlessly integrated thanks to the toolchain's naturally extensible and modular architecture. This enables the platform to capture both the stochastic and deterministic aspects of battery failure mechanisms across a broad range of operational contexts, including stationary and off-road applications, as well as automotive chemistries such as NMC/Si-C and solid-state systems. Additionally, D4.2 describes the methods used to ensure the toolchain is compatible with the larger FASTEST ecosystem, including the hybrid testing platform and the Digital Twin infrastructure. The strict validation and verification procedures used, which utilise both experimental and real-world operational data to calibrate, test, and continuously improve the toolchain's predictive capabilities, receive particular attention. Advanced AI/ML techniques, such as ensemble learning for risk quantification, deep neural networks for anomaly detection, and hybrid physics-informed models for predictive diagnostics, are integrated into the toolchain to enhance virtual testing fidelity and facilitate proactive risk management and decision support throughout the battery system's lifecycle [13]. The technical and methodological developments realised in WP4 are summarised in this deliverable, which shows how integrating state-of-the-art modelling, data analytics, and AI/ML techniques into a single toolchain framework can significantly improve the efficiency, dependability, and safety of developing next-generation battery systems.","author":[{"family":"Rodrigues","given":"Bruno"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20178643","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20178643","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20178644","type":"article-journal","title":"High Fidelity Battery AI Powered Multi-Domain Toolchain – Safety  and Reliability Development.","abstract":"The FASTEST project aims to significantly speed up and reduce the risk associated with the research and development lifecycle of advanced battery systems by coordinating a complex integration of virtual and physical testing methodologies. Work Package 4 (WP4) plays a crucial role in this ambitious framework, as it is tasked with designing, creating, and implementing a cutting-edge toolchain that enables a thorough virtual assessment of battery safety and reliability. This toolchain is intended as a comprehensive, multi-domain platform that carefully considers the various impacts of ageing, degradation, and a range of abuse scenarios [16]. These factors are becoming increasingly crucial as battery technologies diversify and demand for applications rises. The current deliverable, D4.2, provides a comprehensive explanation of the technical implementation of this toolchain, detailing its fundamental modelling elements, architectural underpinnings, and sophisticated computational methods used to ensure reliable, accurate, and scalable safety and reliability evaluations. Modern artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms, data-driven surrogates, and high-fidelity physics-based models can all be seamlessly integrated thanks to the toolchain's naturally extensible and modular architecture. This enables the platform to capture both the stochastic and deterministic aspects of battery failure mechanisms across a broad range of operational contexts, including stationary and off-road applications, as well as automotive chemistries such as NMC/Si-C and solid-state systems. Additionally, D4.2 describes the methods used to ensure the toolchain is compatible with the larger FASTEST ecosystem, including the hybrid testing platform and the Digital Twin infrastructure. The strict validation and verification procedures used, which utilise both experimental and real-world operational data to calibrate, test, and continuously improve the toolchain's predictive capabilities, receive particular attention. Advanced AI/ML techniques, such as ensemble learning for risk quantification, deep neural networks for anomaly detection, and hybrid physics-informed models for predictive diagnostics, are integrated into the toolchain to enhance virtual testing fidelity and facilitate proactive risk management and decision support throughout the battery system's lifecycle [13]. The technical and methodological developments realised in WP4 are summarised in this deliverable, which shows how integrating state-of-the-art modelling, data analytics, and AI/ML techniques into a single toolchain framework can significantly improve the efficiency, dependability, and safety of developing next-generation battery systems.","author":[{"family":"Rodrigues","given":"Bruno"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20178644","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20178644","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.25439/rmt.33159455","type":"article-journal","title":"Next-Generation Phase Change Materials (PCMs) for Enhancing Energy Efficiency and Advancing Future Battery Technologies","abstract":"The escalating urgency of global energy challenges, encompassing climate change mitigation, the transition to decarbonized energy systems, the integration of circular economy principles, and the advancement of next-generation energy storage technologies, has heightened demand for high-performance thermal energy storage solutions. Phase change materials (PCMs) have emerged as a revolutionary class of materials in this field, offering high latent heat density, nearly isothermal energy storage, and broad applications across energy storage and thermal management. However, the practical deployment of conventional PCMs remains constrained by fundamental material limitations, including low thermal conductivity, insufficient long-term cycling stability, and inadequate adaptability to the thermal and electrochemical demands of emerging energy systems. The advanced PCMs, with enhanced thermal properties, sustainability, and adaptability, provide superior energy storage and management capabilities, significantly reducing energy consumption across sectors such as building heating and cooling, industrial processes, and renewable energy systems.New PCMs improve energy efficiency, support decarbonization, and align with circular economy principles. They enhance battery performance, safety, and lifespan, enabling sustainable energy storage in lithium-ion and solid-state batteries while minimizing environmental impact. Also, as part of this research, the application of improved PCMs was investigated, with a focus on solutions, especially in the practical field of solar thermal energy storage for domestic hot water applications, using natural energy sources. This research was developed to support decarbonization and clean-energy objectives.To address these challenges, this thesis investigates the development and application of advanced nano-engineered phase change materials (NePCMs) that incorporate high-thermal-conductivity nanoparticles to enhance heat transfer, phase change kinetics, and overall energy storage efficiency while preserving latent heat capacity and material stability. Through systematic experimental studies, the thermophysical properties and performance of NePCMs are characterized and optimized. The research further explores the practical implementation of NePCMs in key application domains. In solar thermal energy storage systems for domestic hot water, innovative system designs integrating NePCMs are developed and evaluated using mathematical modeling to assess thermal performance and efficiency. Additionally, the application of NePCMs in battery thermal management systems for electric vehicles is investigated, demonstrating improvements in temperature regulation, operational safety, and battery lifespan.To complement the experimental and modeling approaches, machine learning techniques are employed to predict PCM performance and identify optimal operating conditions based on experimental datasets. The results provide insights into the design and optimisation of advanced PCM systems across multiple scales.This thesis presents a comprehensive investigation into the development, characterization, optimisation, and system-level application of advanced PCM formulations designed to overcome these limitations and address critical challenges across multiple high-impact sectors.","author":[{"family":"Senobar","given":"Hossein"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.25439/rmt.33159455","URL":"https://doi.org/10.25439/rmt.33159455","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5880/pik.2023.007","type":"article-journal","title":"Research software used for the techno-economic analysis of the cost competitiveness of blue and green hydrogen","abstract":"This repository make source codes and input data publicly available that were used in the analysis of the cost competitiveness of blue and green hydrogen supply options in an accompanying article and interactive webapp. This source code can be installed and executed to reproduce all the results (mainly figures) presented in the accompanying article and to run the interactive webapp. Note that the webapp is also hosted as a public service here: https://doi.org/10.5880/pik.2023.006","author":[{"family":"Verpoort","given":"Philipp"},{"family":"Ueckerdt","given":"Falko"},{"family":"Anantharaman","given":"Rahul"},{"family":"Bauer","given":"Christian"},{"family":"Beck","given":"Fiona"},{"family":"Longden","given":"Thomas"},{"family":"Roussanaly","given":"Simon"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.5880/pik.2023.007","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5880/pik.2023.007","source":"datacite"},{"id":"oa:W2911892655","type":"article-journal","title":"The role of renewable energy in the global energy transformation","abstract":"This paper explores the technical and economic characteristics of an accelerated energy transition to 2050, using new datasets for renewable energy. The analysis indicates that energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies are the core elements of that transition, and their synergies are likewise important. Favourable economics, ubiquitous resources, scalable technology, and significant socio-economic benefits underpin such a transition. Renewable energy can supply two-thirds of the total global energy demand, and contribute to the bulk of the greenhouse gas emissions reduction that is needed between now and 2050 for limiting average global surface temperature increase below 2 °C. Enabling policy and regulatory frameworks will need to be adjusted to mobilise the six-fold acceleration of renewables growth that is needed, with the highest growth estimated for wind and solar PV technologies, complemented by a high level of energy efficiency. Still, to ensure the eventual elimination of carbon dioxide emissions will require new technology and innovation, notably for the transport and manufacturing sectors, which remain largely ignored in the international debate. More attention is needed for emerging infrastructure issues such as charging infrastructure and other sector coupling implications.","author":[{"family":"Gielen","given":"Dolf"},{"family":"Boshell","given":"Francisco"},{"family":"Saygin","given":"Değer"},{"family":"Bazilian","given":"Morgan"},{"family":"Wagner","given":"Nicholas"},{"family":"Gorini","given":"Ricardo"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.esr.2019.01.006","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2019.01.006","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2153292828","type":"article-journal","title":"Power-Electronic Systems for the Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Sources: A Survey","abstract":"The use of distributed energy resources is increasingly being pursued as a supplement and an alternative to large conventional central power stations. The specification of a power-electronic interface is subject to requirements related not only to the renewable energy source itself but also to its effects on the power-system operation, especially where the intermittent energy source constitutes a significant part of the total system capacity. In this paper, new trends in power electronics for the integration of wind and photovoltaic (PV) power generators are presented. A review of the appropriate storage-system technology used for the integration of intermittent renewable energy sources is also introduced. Discussions about common and future trends in renewable energy systems based on reliability and maturity of each technology are presented","author":[{"family":"Carrasco","given":"JM"},{"family":"Franquelo","given":"Leopoldo"},{"family":"Białasiewicz","given":"Jan"},{"family":"Galván","given":"E"},{"family":"Portillo","given":"Ramón"},{"family":"Martín-Prats","given":"María"},{"family":"Leon","given":"José"},{"family":"Moreno-Alfonso","given":"Narciso"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006]]},"DOI":"10.1109/tie.2006.878356","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2006.878356","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2237868774","type":"article-journal","title":"Interface Stability in Solid-State Batteries","abstract":"High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Development of high conductivity solid-state electrolytes for lithium ion batteries has proceeded rapidly in recent years, but incorporating these new materials into high-performing batteries has proven difficult. Interfacial resistance is now the limiting factor in many systems, but the exact mechanisms of this resistance have not been fully explained - in part because experimental evaluation of the interface can be very difficult. In this work, we develop a computational methodology to examine the thermodynamics of formation of resistive interfacial phases. The predicted interfacial phase formation is well correlated with experimental interfacial observations and battery performance. We calculate that thiophosphate electrolytes have especially high reactivity with high voltage cathodes and a narrow electrochemical stability window. We also find that a number of known electrolytes are not inherently stable but react in situ with the electrode to form passivating but ionically conducting barrier layers. As a reference for experimentalists, we tabulate the stability and expected decomposition products for a wide range of electrolyte, coating, and electrode materials including a number of high-performing combinations that have not yet been attempted experimentally.","author":[{"family":"Richards","given":"William"},{"family":"Miara","given":"Lincoln"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Yan"},{"family":"Kim","given":"Jae"},{"family":"Ceder","given":"Gerbrand"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"DOI":"10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b04082","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b04082","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2991243995","type":"article-journal","title":"Approaching Practically Accessible Solid-State Batteries: Stability Issues Related to Solid Electrolytes and Interfaces","abstract":"Solid-state batteries have been attracting wide attention for next generation energy storage devices due to the probability to realize higher energy density and superior safety performance compared with the state-of-the-art lithium ion batteries. However, there are still intimidating challenges for developing low cost and industrially scalable solid-state batteries with high energy density and stable cycling life for large-scale energy storage and electric vehicle applications. This review presents an overview on the scientific challenges, fundamental mechanisms, and design strategies for solid-state batteries, specifically focusing on the stability issues of solid-state electrolytes and the associated interfaces with both cathode and anode electrodes. First, we give a brief overview on the history of solid-state battery technologies, followed by introduction and discussion on different types of solid-state electrolytes. Then, the associated stability issues, from phenomena to fundamental understandings, are intensively discussed, including chemical, electrochemical, mechanical, and thermal stability issues; effective optimization strategies are also summarized. State-of-the-art characterization techniques and in situ and operando measurement methods deployed and developed to study the aforementioned issues are summarized as well. Following the obtained insights, perspectives are given in the end on how to design practically accessible solid-state batteries in the future.","author":[{"family":"Chen","given":"Rusong"},{"family":"Li","given":"Qinghao"},{"family":"Yu","given":"Xiqian"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Liquan"},{"family":"Li","given":"Hong"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00268","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00268","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W1973891115","type":"article-journal","title":"Design of electrocatalysts for oxygen- and hydrogen-involving energy conversion reactions","abstract":"A fundamental change has been achieved in understanding surface electrochemistry due to the profound knowledge of the nature of electrocatalytic processes accumulated over the past several decades and to the recent technological advances in spectroscopy and high resolution imaging. Nowadays one can preferably design electrocatalysts based on the deep theoretical knowledge of electronic structures, via computer-guided engineering of the surface and (electro)chemical properties of materials, followed by the synthesis of practical materials with high performance for specific reactions. This review provides insights into both theoretical and experimental electrochemistry toward a better understanding of a series of key clean energy conversion reactions including oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The emphasis of this review is on the origin of the electrocatalytic activity of nanostructured catalysts toward the aforementioned reactions by correlating the apparent electrode performance with their intrinsic electrochemical properties. Also, a rational design of electrocatalysts is proposed starting from the most fundamental aspects of the electronic structure engineering to a more practical level of nanotechnological fabrication.","author":[{"family":"Jiao","given":"Yan"},{"family":"Zheng","given":"Yao"},{"family":"Jaroniec","given":"Mietek"},{"family":"Qiao","given":"Shi‐zhang"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"DOI":"10.1039/c4cs00470a","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c4cs00470a","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W1998343415","type":"article-journal","title":"Interface engineering of highly efficient perovskite solar cells","abstract":"Advancing perovskite solar cell technologies toward their theoretical power conversion efficiency (PCE) requires delicate control over the carrier dynamics throughout the entire device. By controlling the formation of the perovskite layer and careful choices of other materials, we suppressed carrier recombination in the absorber, facilitated carrier injection into the carrier transport layers, and maintained good carrier extraction at the electrodes. When measured via reverse bias scan, cell PCE is typically boosted to 16.6% on average, with the highest efficiency of ~19.3% in a planar geometry without antireflective coating. The fabrication of our perovskite solar cells was conducted in air and from solution at low temperatures, which should simplify manufacturing of large-area perovskite devices that are inexpensive and perform at high levels.","author":[{"family":"Zhou","given":"Huanping"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Qi"},{"family":"Li","given":"Gang"},{"family":"Luo","given":"Song"},{"family":"Song","given":"Tze‐bin"},{"family":"Duan","given":"Hsin‐sheng"},{"family":"Hong","given":"Ziruo"},{"family":"You","given":"Jingbi"},{"family":"Liu","given":"Yongsheng"},{"family":"Yang","given":"Yang"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"DOI":"10.1126/science.1254050","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1254050","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2527042386","type":"article-journal","title":"Incorporation of rubidium cations into perovskite solar cells improves photovoltaic performance","abstract":"Improving the stability of perovskite solar cells Inorganic-organic perovskite solar cells have poor long-term stability because ultraviolet light and humidity degrade these materials. Bella et al. show that coating the cells with a water-proof fluorinated polymer that contains pigments to absorb ultraviolet light and re-emit it in the visible range can boost cell efficiency and limit photodegradation. The performance and stability of inorganic-organic perovskite solar cells are also limited by the size of the cations required for forming a correct lattice. Saliba et al. show that the rubidium cation, which is too small to form a perovskite by itself, can form a lattice with cesium and organic cations. Solar cells based on these materials have efficiencies exceeding 20% for over 500 hours if given environmental protection by a polymer coating. Science , this issue pp. 203 and 206","author":[{"family":"Saliba","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Matsui","given":"Taisuke"},{"family":"Domanski","given":"Konrad"},{"family":"Seo","given":"Ji‐youn"},{"family":"Ummadisingu","given":"Amita"},{"family":"Zakeeruddin","given":"Shaik"},{"family":"Correabaena","given":"Juan‐pablo"},{"family":"Tress","given":"Wolfgang"},{"family":"Abate","given":"Antonio"},{"family":"Hagfeldt","given":"Anders"},{"family":"Grätzel","given":"Michaël"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"DOI":"10.1126/science.aah5557","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aah5557","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2100716359","type":"article-journal","title":"Anomalous Hysteresis in Perovskite Solar Cells","abstract":"Perovskite solar cells have rapidly risen to the forefront of emerging photovoltaic technologies, exhibiting rapidly rising efficiencies. This is likely to continue to rise, but in the development of these solar cells there are unusual characteristics that have arisen, specifically an anomalous hysteresis in the current-voltage curves. We identify this phenomenon and show some examples of factors that make the hysteresis more or less extreme. We also demonstrate stabilized power output under working conditions and suggest that this is a useful parameter to present, alongside the current-voltage scan derived power conversion efficiency. We hypothesize three possible origins of the effect and discuss its implications on device efficiency and future research directions. Understanding and resolving the hysteresis is essential for further progress and is likely to lead to a further step improvement in performance.","author":[{"family":"Snaith","given":"Henry"},{"family":"Abate","given":"Antonio"},{"family":"Ball","given":"James"},{"family":"Eperon","given":"Giles"},{"family":"Leijtens","given":"Tomas"},{"family":"Noel","given":"Nakita"},{"family":"Stranks","given":"Samuel"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Jacob"},{"family":"Wojciechowski","given":"Konrad"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Wei"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"DOI":"10.1021/jz500113x","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/jz500113x","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2767693464","type":"article-journal","title":"Promises and challenges of perovskite solar cells","abstract":"The efficiencies of perovskite solar cells have gone from single digits to a certified 22.1% in a few years' time. At this stage of their development, the key issues concern how to achieve further improvements in efficiency and long-term stability. We review recent developments in the quest to improve the current state of the art. Because photocurrents are near the theoretical maximum, our focus is on efforts to increase open-circuit voltage by means of improving charge-selective contacts and charge carrier lifetimes in perovskites via processes such as ion tailoring. The challenges associated with long-term perovskite solar cell device stability include the role of testing protocols, ionic movement affecting performance metrics over extended periods of time, and determination of the best ways to counteract degradation mechanisms.","author":[{"family":"Correabaena","given":"Juan‐pablo"},{"family":"Saliba","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Buonassisi","given":"Tonio"},{"family":"Grätzel","given":"Michaël"},{"family":"Abate","given":"Antonio"},{"family":"Tress","given":"Wolfgang"},{"family":"Hagfeldt","given":"Anders"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"DOI":"10.1126/science.aam6323","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aam6323","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2019903682","type":"article-journal","title":"Nanomaterials for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries","abstract":"Energy storage is more important today than at any time in human history. Future generations of rechargeable lithium batteries are required to power portable electronic devices (cellphones, laptop computers etc.), store electricity from renewable sources, and as a vital component in new hybrid electric vehicles. To achieve the increase in energy and power density essential to meet the future challenges of energy storage, new materials chemistry, and especially new nanomaterials chemistry, is essential. We must find ways of synthesizing new nanomaterials with new properties or combinations of properties, for use as electrodes and electrolytes in lithium batteries. Herein we review some of the recent scientific advances in nanomaterials, and especially in nanostructured materials, for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.","author":[{"family":"Bruce","given":"Peter"},{"family":"Scrosati","given":"Bruno"},{"family":"Tarascon","given":"Jean‐marie"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008]]},"DOI":"10.1002/anie.200702505","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200702505","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2152510783","type":"article-journal","title":"Phospho‐olivines as Positive‐Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries","abstract":"Reversible extraction of lithium from (triphylite) and insertion of lithium into at 3.5 V vs. lithium at 0.05 mA/cm 2 shows this material to be an excellent candidate for the cathode of a low‐power, rechargeable lithium battery that is inexpensive, nontoxic, and environmentally benign. Electrochemical extraction was limited to ∼0.6 Li/formula unit; but even with this restriction the specific capacity is 100 to 110 mAh/g. Complete extraction of lithium was performed chemically; it gave a new phase, , isostructural with heterosite, . The framework of the ordered olivine is retained with minor displacive adjustments. Nevertheless the insertion/extraction reaction proceeds via a two‐phase process, and a reversible loss in capacity with increasing current density appears to be associated with a diffusion‐limited transfer of lithium across the two‐phase interface. Electrochemical extraction of lithium from isostructural (M = Mn, Co, or Ni) with an electrolyte was not possible; but successful extraction of lithium from was accomplished with maximum oxidation of the occurring at x = 0.5. The couple was oxidized first at 3.5 V followed by oxidation of the couple at 4.1 V vs. lithium. The interactions appear to destabilize the level and stabilize the level so as to make the energy accessible.","author":[{"family":"Padhi","given":"AK"},{"family":"Nanjundaswamy","given":"KS"},{"family":"Goodenough","given":"John"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997]]},"DOI":"10.1149/1.1837571","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1837571","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2097924219","type":"article-journal","title":"Challenges Facing Lithium Batteries and Electrical Double‐Layer Capacitors","abstract":"Energy-storage technologies, including electrical double-layer capacitors and rechargeable batteries, have attracted significant attention for applications in portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, bulk electricity storage at power stations, and \"load leveling\" of renewable sources, such as solar energy and wind power. Transforming lithium batteries and electric double-layer capacitors requires a step change in the science underpinning these devices, including the discovery of new materials, new electrochemistry, and an increased understanding of the processes on which the devices depend. The Review will consider some of the current scientific issues underpinning lithium batteries and electric double-layer capacitors.","author":[{"family":"Choi","given":"Nam‐soon"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Zonghai"},{"family":"Freunberger","given":"Stefan"},{"family":"Ji","given":"Xiulei"},{"family":"Sun","given":"Yang‐kook"},{"family":"Amine","given":"Khalil"},{"family":"Yushin","given":"Gleb"},{"family":"Nazar","given":"Linda"},{"family":"Cho","given":"Jaephil"},{"family":"Bruce","given":"Peter"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"DOI":"10.1002/anie.201201429","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201201429","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W1992732132","type":"article-journal","title":"Electrodes with High Power and High Capacity for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries","abstract":"New applications such as hybrid electric vehicles and power backup require rechargeable batteries that combine high energy density with high charge and discharge rate capability. Using ab initio computational modeling, we identified useful strategies to design higher rate battery electrodes and tested them on lithium nickel manganese oxide [Li(Ni(0.5)Mn(0.5))O2], a safe, inexpensive material that has been thought to have poor intrinsic rate capability. By modifying its crystal structure, we obtained unexpectedly high rate-capability, considerably better than lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2), the current battery electrode material of choice.","author":[{"family":"Kang","given":"Kisuk"},{"family":"Meng","given":"Ying"},{"family":"Bréger","given":"Julien"},{"family":"Grey","given":"Clare"},{"family":"Ceder","given":"Gerbrand"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006]]},"DOI":"10.1126/science.1122152","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1122152","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2089525884","type":"article-journal","title":"Electrical Energy Storage for the Grid: A Battery of Choices","abstract":"The increasing interest in energy storage for the grid can be attributed to multiple factors, including the capital costs of managing peak demands, the investments needed for grid reliability, and the integration of renewable energy sources. Although existing energy storage is dominated by pumped hydroelectric, there is the recognition that battery systems can offer a number of high-value opportunities, provided that lower costs can be obtained. The battery systems reviewed here include sodium-sulfur batteries that are commercially available for grid applications, redox-flow batteries that offer low cost, and lithium-ion batteries whose development for commercial electronics and electric vehicles is being applied to grid storage.","author":[{"family":"Dunn","given":"Bruce"},{"family":"Kamath","given":"Haresh"},{"family":"Tarascon","given":"Jean‐marie"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"DOI":"10.1126/science.1212741","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1212741","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W1970996323","type":"article-journal","title":"Electrochemical Energy Storage for Green Grid","abstract":"ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTElectrochemical Energy Storage for Green GridZhenguo Yang*, Jianlu Zhang, Michael C. W. Kintner-Meyer, Xiaochuan Lu, Daiwon Choi, John P. Lemmon, and Jun LiuView Author Information Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States *E-mail: [email protected]. Telephone: 509 375 3756. Fax: 509 375 2186.Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2011, 111, 5, 3577–3613Publication Date (Web):March 4, 2011Publication History Received1 September 2010Published online4 March 2011Published inissue 11 May 2011https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr100290vhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr100290vreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2011 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views57884Altmetric-Citations4255LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Batteries,Electrochemical cells,Electrodes,Electrolytes,Membranes Get e-Alerts","author":[{"family":"Yang","given":"Zhenguo"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Jianlu"},{"family":"Kintnermeyer","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Lu","given":"Xiaochuan"},{"family":"Choi","given":"Daiwon"},{"family":"Lemmon","given":"John"},{"family":"Liu","given":"Jun"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"DOI":"10.1021/cr100290v","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/cr100290v","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2748162992","type":"article-journal","title":"Energy Management and Optimization Methods for Grid Energy Storage Systems","abstract":"Today, the stability of the electric power grid is maintained through real time balancing of generation and demand. Grid scale energy storage systems are increasingly being deployed to provide grid operators the flexibility needed to maintain this balance. Energy storage also imparts resiliency and robustness to the grid infrastructure. Over the last few years, there has been a significant increase in the deployment of large scale energy storage systems. This growth has been driven by improvements in the cost and performance of energy storage technologies and the need to accommodate distributed generation, as well as incentives and government mandates. Energy management systems (EMSs) and optimization methods are required to effectively and safely utilize energy storage as a flexible grid asset that can provide multiple grid services. The EMS needs to be able to accommodate a variety of use cases and regulatory environments. In this paper, we provide a brief history of grid-scale energy storage, an overview of EMS architectures, and a summary of the leading applications for storage. These serve as a foundation for a discussion of EMS optimization methods and design.","author":[{"family":"Byrne","given":"Raymond"},{"family":"Nguyen","given":"Tu"},{"family":"Copp","given":"David"},{"family":"Chalamala","given":"Babu"},{"family":"Gyuk","given":"Imre"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"DOI":"10.1109/access.2017.2741578","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2741578","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2146419443","type":"article-journal","title":"Energy Storage Systems for Transport and Grid Applications","abstract":"Energy storage systems (ESSs) are enabling technologies for well-established and new applications such as power peak shaving, electric vehicles, integration of renewable energies, etc. This paper presents a review of ESSs for transport and grid applications, covering several aspects as the storage technology, the main applications, and the power converters used to operate some of the energy storage technologies. Special attention is given to the different applications, providing a deep description of the system and addressing the most suitable storage technology. The main objective of this paper is to introduce the subject and to give an updated reference to nonspecialist, academic, and engineers in the field of power electronics.","author":[{"family":"Vázquez","given":"Sergio"},{"family":"Lukic","given":"Srdjan"},{"family":"Galván","given":"E"},{"family":"Franquelo","given":"Leopoldo"},{"family":"Carrasco","given":"JM"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010]]},"DOI":"10.1109/tie.2010.2076414","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2010.2076414","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W1508162533","type":"article-journal","title":"Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation","abstract":"This Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report (IPCC-SRREN) assesses the potential role of renewable energy in the mitigation of climate change. It covers the six most important renewable energy sources – bioenergy, solar, geothermal, hydropower, ocean and wind energy – as well as their integration into present and future energy systems. It considers the environmental and social consequences associated with the deployment of these technologies and presents strategies to overcome technical as well as non-technical obstacles to their application and diffusion. SRREN brings a broad spectrum of technology-specific experts together with scientists studying energy systems as a whole. Prepared following strict IPCC procedures, it presents an impartial assessment of the current state of knowledge: it is policy relevant but not policy prescriptive. SRREN is an invaluable assessment of the potential role of renewable energy for the mitigation of climate change for policymakers, the private sector and academic researchers.","author":[{"family":"Edenhofer","given":"Ottmar"},{"family":"Body","given":"United"},{"family":"Body","given":"World"},{"family":"Body","given":"Intergovernmental"},{"family":"Body","given":"Potsdam"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"DOI":"10.1017/cbo9781139151153","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139151153","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2892260477","type":"article-journal","title":"Solid Halide Electrolytes with High Lithium‐Ion Conductivity for Application in 4 V Class Bulk‐Type All‐Solid‐State Batteries","abstract":"Abstract New lithium halide solid‐electrolyte materials, Li 3 YCl 6 and Li 3 YBr 6 , are found to exhibit high lithium‐ion conductivity, high deformability, and high chemical and electrochemical stability, which are required properties for all‐solid‐state battery (ASSB) applications, particularly for large‐scale deployment. The lithium‐ion conductivities of cold‐pressed powders surpass 1 mS cm −1 at room temperature without additional intergrain or grain boundary resistances. Bulk‐type ASSB cells employing these new halide solid electrolyte materials exhibit coulombic efficiencies as high as 94% with an active cathode material of LiCoO 2 without any extra coating. These superior electrochemical characteristics, as well as their material stability, indicate that lithium halide salts are another promising candidate for ASSB solid electrolytes in addition to sulfides or oxides.","author":[{"family":"Asano","given":"Tetsuya"},{"family":"Sakai","given":"Akihiro"},{"family":"Ouchi","given":"Satoru"},{"family":"Sakaida","given":"Masashi"},{"family":"Miyazaki","given":"Akinobu"},{"family":"Hasegawa","given":"Shinya"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.1002/adma.201803075","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201803075","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2969809408","type":"article-journal","title":"Sulfide‐Based Solid‐State Electrolytes: Synthesis, Stability, and Potential for All‐Solid‐State Batteries","abstract":"Due to their high ionic conductivity and adeciduate mechanical features for lamination, sulfide composites have received increasing attention as solid electrolyte in all-solid-state batteries. Their smaller electronegativity and binding energy to Li ions and bigger atomic radius provide high ionic conductivity and make them attractive for practical applications. In recent years, noticeable efforts have been made to develop high-performance sulfide solid-state electrolytes. However, sulfide solid-state electrolytes still face numerous challenges including: 1) the need for a higher stability voltage window, 2) a better electrode-electrolyte interface and air stability, and 3) a cost-effective approach for large-scale manufacturing. Herein, a comprehensive update on the properties (structural and chemical), synthesis of sulfide solid-state electrolytes, and the development of sulfide-based all-solid-state batteries is provided, including electrochemical and chemical stability, interface stabilization, and their applications in high performance and safe energy storage.","author":[{"family":"Zhang","given":"Qing"},{"family":"Cao","given":"Daxian"},{"family":"Ma","given":"Yi"},{"family":"Natan","given":"Avi"},{"family":"Aurora","given":"Peter"},{"family":"Zhu","given":"Hongli"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.1002/adma.201901131","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201901131","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2622261719","type":"article-journal","title":"Capacity Fade in Solid-State Batteries: Interphase Formation and Chemomechanical Processes in Nickel-Rich Layered Oxide Cathodes and Lithium Thiophosphate Solid Electrolytes","abstract":"All-solid-state lithium ion batteries may become long-term, stable, high-performance energy storage systems for the next generation of electric vehicles and consumer electronics, depending on the compatibility of electrode materials and suitable solid electrolytes. Nickel-rich layered oxides are nowadays the benchmark cathode materials for conventional lithium ion batteries because of their high storage capacity and the resulting high energy density, and their use in solid-state systems is the next necessary step. In this study, we present the successful implementation of a Li[Ni,Co,Mn]O 2 material with high nickel content (LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2, NCM-811) in a bulk-type solid-state battery with β-Li 3 PS 4 as a sulfide-based solid electrolyte. We investigate the interface behavior at the cathode and demonstrate the important role of the interface between the active materials and the solid electrolyte for the battery performance. A passivating cathode/electrolyte interphase layer forms upon charging and leads to an irreversible first cycle capacity loss, corresponding to a decomposition of the sulfide electrolyte. In situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy are used to monitor this formation. We demonstrate that most of the interphase formation takes place in the first cycle, when charging to potentials above 3.8 V vs Li + /Li. The resulting overvoltage of the passivating layer is a detrimental factor for capacity retention. In addition to the interfacial decomposition, the chemomechanical contraction of the active material upon delithiation causes contact loss between the solid electrolyte and active material particles, further increasing the interfacial resistance and capacity loss. These results highlight the critical role of (electro-)chemo-mechanical effects in solid-state batteries.","author":[{"family":"Koerver","given":"Raimund"},{"family":"Aygün","given":"Isabel"},{"family":"Leichtweiß","given":"Thomas"},{"family":"Dietrich","given":"Christian"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Wenbo"},{"family":"Binder","given":"Jan"},{"family":"Hartmann","given":"Pascal"},{"family":"Zeier","given":"Wolfgang"},{"family":"Janek","given":"Jürgen"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"DOI":"10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b00931","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b00931","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2767015360","type":"article-journal","title":"Solar‐to‐Hydrogen Energy Conversion Based on Water Splitting","abstract":"Abstract Artificial photosynthesis provides a blueprint to harvest solar energy to sustain the future energy demands. Solar‐driven water splitting, converting solar energy into hydrogen energy, is the prototype of photosynthesis. Various systems have been designed and evaluated to understand the reaction pathways and/or to meet the requirements of potential applications. In solar‐to‐hydrogen conversion, electrocatalytic hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions are key research areas that are meaningful both theoretically and practically. To utilize hydrogen energy, fuel cell technology has been extensively investigated because of its high efficiency in releasing chemical energy. In this review, general concepts of the photosynthesis in green plants are discussed, different strategies for the light‐driven water splitting proposed in laboratories are introduced, the progress of electrocatalytic hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions are reviewed, and finally, the reactions in hydrogen fuel cells are briefly discussed. Overall, the mass and energy circulation in the solar‐hydrogen‐electricity circle are delineated. The authors conclude that attention from scientists and engineers of relevant research areas is still highly needed to eliminate the wide disparity between the aspirations and realities of artificial photosynthesis.","author":[{"family":"Qi","given":"Jing"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Wei"},{"family":"Cao","given":"Rui"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"DOI":"10.1002/aenm.201701620","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201701620","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2903011922","type":"article-journal","title":"A review on the role, cost and value of hydrogen energy systems for deep decarbonisation","abstract":"Hydrogen technologies can play an important role in decarbonising our energy system in a variety of ways across the energy value chain. It is therefore critical to identify the strategic roles as well as the conditions under which hydrogen energy systems become attractive for the energy transition. In this paper, the authors present a techno-economic review of hydrogen energy systems including power-to-power, power-to-gas, hydrogen refuelling and stationary fuel cells. We focus on their optimal operation as flexible assets and we identify three actions that can foster their uptake beyond technological progress. First, we recommend optimal electricity supply with dedicated control strategies considering that electricity dominates the levelised cost of hydrogen production via electrolysis. Secondly, hydrogen can enable the further integration of traditionally independent sectors, namely electricity, heat and transport while contributing to decarbonise all. This position can also be advantageous for investors who sell heat and fuels as energy efficient products. Lastly, we examine a whole range of revenues from different products and applications which can be combined (i.e. benefit stacking) to match capital and operational expenditures. We discuss these roles in depth and we conclude that policy makers together with technology developers should elaborate smart strategies to reduce cost by scaling production, stimulate standardisation (e.g., similar to the PV industry) as well as develop new market structures and regulatory frameworks which allow hydrogen technologies to deliver multiple low carbon applications and products.","author":[{"family":"Parra","given":"David"},{"family":"Valverde","given":"Luís"},{"family":"Pino","given":"Javier"},{"family":"Patel","given":"M"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.rser.2018.11.010","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.11.010","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W4234650111","type":"article-journal","title":"Hydrogen energy","abstract":"The problem of anthropogenically driven climate change and its inextricable link to our global society's present and future energy needs are arguably the greatest challenge facing our planet. Hydrogen is now widely regarded as one key element of a potential energy solution for the twenty-first century, capable of assisting in issues of environmental emissions, sustainability and energy security. Hydrogen has the potential to provide for energy in transportation, distributed heat and power generation and energy storage systems with little or no impact on the environment, both locally and globally. However, any transition from a carbon-based (fossil fuel) energy system to a hydrogen-based economy involves significant scientific, technological and socio-economic barriers. This brief report aims to outline the basis of the growing worldwide interest in hydrogen energy and examines some of the important issues relating to the future development of hydrogen as an energy vector.","author":[{"family":"Edwards","given":"Peter"},{"family":"Кузнецов","given":"ВЛ"},{"family":"David","given":"William"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007]]},"DOI":"10.1098/rsta.2006.1965","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2006.1965","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2891146712","type":"article-journal","title":"Challenges for commercializing perovskite solar cells","abstract":"Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have witnessed rapidly rising power conversion efficiencies, together with advances in stability and upscaling. Despite these advances, their limited stability and need to prove upscaling remain crucial hurdles on the path to commercialization. We summarize recent advances toward commercially viable PSCs and discuss challenges that remain. We expound the development of standardized protocols to distinguish intrinsic and extrinsic degradation factors in perovskites. We review accelerated aging tests in both cells and modules and discuss the prediction of lifetimes on the basis of degradation kinetics. Mature photovoltaic solutions, which have demonstrated excellent long-term stability in field applications, offer the perovskite community valuable insights into clearing the hurdles to commercialization.","author":[{"family":"Rong","given":"Yaoguang"},{"family":"Hu","given":"Yue"},{"family":"Mei","given":"Anyi"},{"family":"Tan","given":"Hairen"},{"family":"Saidaminov","given":"Makhsud"},{"family":"Seok","given":"Sang"},{"family":"Mcgehee","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Sargent","given":"Edward"},{"family":"Han","given":"Hongwei"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.1126/science.aat8235","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aat8235","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W1026348989","type":"article-journal","title":"Ionic transport in hybrid lead iodide perovskite solar cells","abstract":"Solar cells based on organic-inorganic halide perovskites have recently shown rapidly rising power conversion efficiencies, but exhibit unusual behaviour such as current-voltage hysteresis and a low-frequency giant dielectric response. Ionic transport has been suggested to be an important factor contributing to these effects; however, the chemical origin of this transport and the mobile species are unclear. Here, the activation energies for ionic migration in methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) are derived from first principles, and are compared with kinetic data extracted from the current-voltage response of a perovskite-based solar cell. We identify the microscopic transport mechanisms, and find facile vacancy-assisted migration of iodide ions with an activation energy of 0.6 eV, in good agreement with the kinetic measurements. The results of this combined computational and experimental study suggest that hybrid halide perovskites are mixed ionic-electronic conductors, a finding that has major implications for solar cell device architectures.","author":[{"family":"Eames","given":"Christopher"},{"family":"Frost","given":"Jarvist"},{"family":"Barnes","given":"Piers"},{"family":"Oregan","given":"Brian"},{"family":"Walsh","given":"Aron"},{"family":"Islam","given":"MS"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"DOI":"10.1038/ncomms8497","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8497","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2143338675","type":"article-journal","title":"High-efficiency solution-processed perovskite solar cells with millimeter-scale grains","abstract":"State-of-the-art photovoltaics use high-purity, large-area, wafer-scale single-crystalline semiconductors grown by sophisticated, high-temperature crystal growth processes. We demonstrate a solution-based hot-casting technique to grow continuous, pinhole-free thin films of organometallic perovskites with millimeter-scale crystalline grains. We fabricated planar solar cells with efficiencies approaching 18%, with little cell-to-cell variability. The devices show hysteresis-free photovoltaic response, which had been a fundamental bottleneck for the stable operation of perovskite devices. Characterization and modeling attribute the improved performance to reduced bulk defects and improved charge carrier mobility in large-grain devices. We anticipate that this technique will lead the field toward synthesis of wafer-scale crystalline perovskites, necessary for the fabrication of high-efficiency solar cells, and will be applicable to several other material systems plagued by polydispersity, defects, and grain boundary recombination in solution-processed thin films.","author":[{"family":"Nie","given":"Wanyi"},{"family":"Tsai","given":"Hsinhan"},{"family":"Asadpour","given":"Reza"},{"family":"Blancon","given":"Jean‐christophe"},{"family":"Neukirch","given":"Amanda"},{"family":"Gupta","given":"Gautam"},{"family":"Crochet","given":"Jared"},{"family":"Chhowalla","given":"Manish"},{"family":"Tretiak","given":"Sergei"},{"family":"Alam","given":"Muhammad"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Hsing"},{"family":"Mohite","given":"Aditya"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"DOI":"10.1126/science.aaa0472","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa0472","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2949664934","type":"article-journal","title":"Imperfections and their passivation in halide perovskite solar cells","abstract":"All highly-efficient organic-inorganic halide perovskite (OIHP) solar cells to date are made of polycrystalline perovskite films which contain a high density of defects, including point and extended imperfections. The imperfections in OIHP materials play an important role in the process of charge recombination and ion migration in perovskite solar cells (PSC), which heavily influences the resulting device energy conversion efficiency and stability. Here we review the recent advances in passivation of imperfections and suppressing ion migration to achieve improved efficiency and highly stable perovskite solar cells. Due to the ionic nature of OIHP materials, the defects in the photoactive films are inevitably electrically charged. The deep level traps induced by particular charged defects in OIHP films are major non-radiative recombination centers; passivation by coordinate bonding, ionic bonding, or chemical conversion have proven effective in mitigating the negative impacts of these deep traps. Shallow level charge traps themselves may contribute little to non-radiative recombination, but the migration of charged shallow level traps in OIHP films results in unfavorable band bending, interfacial reactions, and phase segregation, influencing the carrier extraction efficiency. Finally, the impact of defects and ion migration on the stability of perovskite solar cells is described.","author":[{"family":"Chen","given":"Bo"},{"family":"Rudd","given":"Peter"},{"family":"Yang","given":"Shuang"},{"family":"Yuan","given":"Yongbo"},{"family":"Huang","given":"Jinsong"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.1039/c8cs00853a","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c8cs00853a","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2116004146","type":"article-journal","title":"Atomistic Origins of High-Performance in Hybrid Halide Perovskite Solar Cells","abstract":"The performance of organometallic perovskite solar cells has rapidly surpassed that of both conventional dye-sensitized and organic photovoltaics. High-power conversion efficiency can be realized in both mesoporous and thin-film device architectures. We address the origin of this success in the context of the materials chemistry and physics of the bulk perovskite as described by electronic structure calculations. In addition to the basic optoelectronic properties essential for an efficient photovoltaic device (spectrally suitable band gap, high optical absorption, low carrier effective masses), the materials are structurally and compositionally flexible. As we show, hybrid perovskites exhibit spontaneous electric polarization; we also suggest ways in which this can be tuned through judicious choice of the organic cation. The presence of ferroelectric domains will result in internal junctions that may aid separation of photoexcited electron and hole pairs, and reduction of recombination through segregation of charge carriers. The combination of high dielectric constant and low effective mass promotes both Wannier-Mott exciton separation and effective ionization of donor and acceptor defects. The photoferroic effect could be exploited in nanostructured films to generate a higher open circuit voltage and may contribute to the current-voltage hysteresis observed in perovskite solar cells.","author":[{"family":"Frost","given":"Jarvist"},{"family":"Butler","given":"Keith"},{"family":"Brivio","given":"Federico"},{"family":"Hendon","given":"Christopher"},{"family":"Schilfgaarde","given":"Mark"},{"family":"Walsh","given":"Aron"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"DOI":"10.1021/nl500390f","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/nl500390f","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2067910821","type":"article-journal","title":"A hole-conductor–free, fully printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cell with high stability","abstract":"We fabricated a perovskite solar cell that uses a double layer of mesoporous TiO2 and ZrO2 as a scaffold infiltrated with perovskite and does not require a hole-conducting layer. The perovskite was produced by drop-casting a solution of PbI2, methylammonium (MA) iodide, and 5-ammoniumvaleric acid (5-AVA) iodide through a porous carbon film. The 5-AVA templating created mixed-cation perovskite (5-AVA)x(MA)1- xPbI3 crystals with lower defect concentration and better pore filling as well as more complete contact with the TiO2 scaffold, resulting in a longer exciton lifetime and a higher quantum yield for photoinduced charge separation as compared to MAPbI3. The cell achieved a certified power conversion efficiency of 12.8% and was stable for >1000 hours in ambient air under full sunlight.","author":[{"family":"Mei","given":"Anyi"},{"family":"Li","given":"Xiong"},{"family":"Liu","given":"Linfeng"},{"family":"Ku","given":"Zhiliang"},{"family":"Liu","given":"Tongfa"},{"family":"Rong","given":"Yaoguang"},{"family":"Xu","given":"Mi"},{"family":"Hu","given":"Min"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Jiangzhao"},{"family":"Yang","given":"Ying"},{"family":"Grätzel","given":"Michaël"},{"family":"Han","given":"Hongwei"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"DOI":"10.1126/science.1254763","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1254763","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2054093403","type":"article-journal","title":"Unusual defect physics in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cell absorber","abstract":"Thin-film solar cells based on Methylammonium triiodideplumbate (CH3NH3PbI3) halide perovskites have recently shown remarkable performance. First-principle calculations show that CH3NH3PbI3 has unusual defect physics: (i) Different from common p-type thin-film solar cell absorbers, it exhibits flexible conductivity from good p-type, intrinsic to good n-type depending on the growth conditions; (ii) Dominant intrinsic defects create only shallow levels, which partially explain the long electron-hole diffusion length and high open-circuit voltage in solar cell. The unusual defect properties can be attributed to the strong Pb lone-pair s orbital and I p orbital antibonding coupling and the high ionicity of CH3NH3PbI3.","author":[{"family":"Yin","given":"Wan‐jian"},{"family":"Shi","given":"Tingting"},{"family":"Yan","given":"Yanfa"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"DOI":"10.1063/1.4864778","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4864778","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2808025896","type":"article-journal","title":"30 Years of Lithium‐Ion Batteries","abstract":"Over the past 30 years, significant commercial and academic progress has been made on Li-based battery technologies. From the early Li-metal anode iterations to the current commercial Li-ion batteries (LIBs), the story of the Li-based battery is full of breakthroughs and back tracing steps. This review will discuss the main roles of material science in the development of LIBs. As LIB research progresses and the materials of interest change, different emphases on the different subdisciplines of material science are placed. Early works on LIBs focus more on solid state physics whereas near the end of the 20th century, researchers began to focus more on the morphological aspects (surface coating, porosity, size, and shape) of electrode materials. While it is easy to point out which specific cathode and anode materials are currently good candidates for the next-generation of batteries, it is difficult to explain exactly why those are chosen. In this review, for the reader a complete developmental story of LIB should be clearly drawn, along with an explanation of the reasons responsible for the various technological shifts. The review will end with a statement of caution for the current modern battery research along with a brief discussion on beyond lithium-ion battery chemistries.","author":[{"family":"Li","given":"Matthew"},{"family":"Lü","given":"Jun"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Zhongwei"},{"family":"Amine","given":"Khalil"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.1002/adma.201800561","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201800561","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2948999417","type":"article-journal","title":"Commercialization of Lithium Battery Technologies for Electric Vehicles","abstract":"Abstract The currently commercialized lithium‐ion batteries have allowed for the creation of practical electric vehicles, simultaneously satisfying many stringent milestones in energy density, lifetime, safety, power, and cost requirements of the electric vehicle economy. The next wave of consumer electric vehicles is just around the corner. Although widely adopted in the vehicle market, lithium‐ion batteries still require further development to sustain their dominating roles among competitors. In this review, the authors survey the state‐of‐the‐art active electrode materials and cell chemistries for automotive batteries. The performance, production, and cost are included. The advances and challenges in the lithium‐ion battery economy from the material design to the cell and the battery packs fitting the rapid developing automotive market are discussed in detail. Also, new technologies of promising battery chemistries are comprehensively evaluated for their potential to satisfy the targets of future electric vehicles.","author":[{"family":"Zeng","given":"Xiaoqiao"},{"family":"Li","given":"Matthew"},{"family":"Elhady","given":"Deia"},{"family":"Alshitari","given":"Wael"},{"family":"Albogami","given":"Abdullah"},{"family":"Lü","given":"Jun"},{"family":"Amine","given":"Khalil"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.1002/aenm.201900161","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201900161","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2029872662","type":"article-journal","title":"Progress in flexible lithium batteries and future prospects","abstract":"With the advent of flexible electronics, flexible lithium-ion batteries have attracted great attention as a promising power source in the emerging field of flexible and wearable electronic devices such as roll-up displays, touch screens, conformable active radio-frequency identification tags, wearable sensors and implantable medical devices. In this review, we summarize the recent research progress of flexible lithium-ion batteries, with special emphasis on electrode material selectivity and battery structural design. We begin with a brief introduction of flexible lithium-ion batteries and the current development of flexible solid-state electrolytes for applications in this field. This is followed by a detailed overview of the recent progress on flexible electrode materials based on carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon cloth, conductive paper (cellulose), textiles and some other low-dimensional nanostructured materials. Then recently proposed prototypes of flexible cable/wire type, transparent and stretchable lithium-ion batteries are highlighted. The latest advances in the exploration of other flexible battery systems such as lithium–sulfur, Zn–C (MnO2) and sodium-ion batteries, as well as related electrode materials are included. Finally, the prospects and challenges toward the practical uses of flexible lithium-ion batteries in electronic devices are discussed.","author":[{"family":"Zhou","given":"Guangmin"},{"family":"Li","given":"Feng"},{"family":"Cheng","given":"Hui–ming"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"DOI":"10.1039/c3ee43182g","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ee43182g","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2076569587","type":"article-journal","title":"Optimized LiFePO[sub 4] for Lithium Battery Cathodes","abstract":"powders were synthesized under various conditions and the performance of the cathodes was evaluated using coin cells. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope observations, Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller surface area measurements, particle-size distribution measurements, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Ab initio calculation was used to confirm the experimental redox potentials and Mössbauer parameters. The choice of a moderate sintering temperature and a homogeneous precursor enabled nearly perfect utilization of >95% of the 170 mAh/g theoretical capacity at room temperature. There are two main obstacles to achieving optimum charge/discharge performance of ( i ) undesirable particle growth at and ( ii ) the presence of a noncrystalline residual phase at © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.","author":[{"family":"Yamada","given":"Atsuo"},{"family":"Chung","given":"Sai‐cheong"},{"family":"Hinokuma","given":"Koichiro"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001]]},"DOI":"10.1149/1.1348257","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1348257","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2042707645","type":"article-journal","title":"Organic Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries","abstract":"Abstract Organic compounds offer new possibilities for high energy/power density, cost‐effective, environmentally friendly, and functional rechargeable lithium batteries. For a long time, they have not constituted an important class of electrode materials, partly because of the large success and rapid development of inorganic intercalation compounds. In recent years, however, exciting progress has been made, bringing organic electrodes to the attention of the energy storage community. Herein thirty years' research efforts in the field of organic compounds for rechargeable lithium batteries are summarized. The working principles, development history, and design strategies of these materials, including organosulfur compounds, organic free radical compounds, organic carbonyl compounds, conducting polymers, non‐conjugated redox polymers, and layered organic compounds are presented. The cell performances of these materials are compared, providing a comprehensive overview of the area, and straightforwardly revealing the advantages/disadvantages of each class of materials.","author":[{"family":"Liang","given":"Yanliang"},{"family":"Tao","given":"Zhanliang"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Jun"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"DOI":"10.1002/aenm.201100795","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201100795","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W1990308101","type":"article-journal","title":"A novel solid oxide redox flow battery for grid energy storage","abstract":"In this work we report proof-of-concept of a novel redox flow battery consisting of a solid oxide electrochemical cell (SOEC) integrated with a redox-cycle unit. The charge/discharge characteristics were explicitly observed by operating between fuel cell and electrolysis modes of the SOEC along with “in-battery” generation and storage of H2 realized by an in situ closed-loop reversible steam-metal reaction in the redox-cycle unit. With Fe/FeO as the redox materials, the new storage battery can produce an energy capacity of 348 Wh/kg-Fe and round-trip efficiency of 91.5% over twenty stable charge/discharge cycles. This excellent performance combined with robustness, environmental friendliness and sustainability promise the new battery to be a transformational energy storage device for grid application.","author":[{"family":"Xu","given":"Nansheng"},{"family":"Li","given":"Xue"},{"family":"Zhao","given":"Xuan"},{"family":"Goodenough","given":"John"},{"family":"Huang","given":"Kevin"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"DOI":"10.1039/c1ee02489b","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c1ee02489b","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W1980853758","type":"article-journal","title":"Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) and Battery Management System (BMS) for Grid-Scale Applications","abstract":"The current electric grid is an inefficient system that wastes significant amounts of the electricity it produces because there is a disconnect between the amount of energy consumers require and the amount of energy produced from generation sources. Power plants typically produce more power than necessary to ensure adequate power quality. By taking advantage of energy storage within the grid, many of these inefficiencies can be removed. When using battery energy storage systems (BESS) for grid storage, advanced modeling is required to accurately monitor and control the storage system. A battery management system (BMS) controls how the storage system will be used and a BMS that utilizes advanced physics-based models will offer for much more robust operation of the storage system. The paper outlines the current state of the art for modeling in BMS and the advanced models required to fully utilize BMS for both lithium-ion batteries and vanadium redox-flow batteries. In addition, system architecture and how it can be useful in monitoring and control is discussed. A pathway for advancing BMS to better utilize BESS for grid-scale applications is outlined.","author":[{"family":"Lawder","given":"Matthew"},{"family":"Suthar","given":"Bharatkumar"},{"family":"Northrop","given":"Paul"},{"family":"De","given":"Sumitava"},{"family":"Hoff","given":"CM"},{"family":"Leitermann","given":"Olivia"},{"family":"Crow","given":"Mariesa"},{"family":"Santhanagopalan","given":"Shriram"},{"family":"Subramanian","given":"Venkat"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"DOI":"10.1109/jproc.2014.2317451","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2014.2317451","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2035199159","type":"article-journal","title":"Application of RESP charges to calculate conformational energies, hydrogen bond energies, and free energies of solvation","abstract":"ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApplication of RESP charges to calculate conformational energies, hydrogen bond energies, and free energies of solvationWendy D. CornellWendy D. CornellMore by Wendy D. Cornell, Piotr CieplakPiotr CieplakMore by Piotr Cieplak, Christopher I. BaylyChristopher I. BaylyMore by Christopher I. Bayly, and Peter A. KollmanPeter A. KollmanMore by Peter A. KollmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 21, 9620–9631Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00074a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00074a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4594Altmetric-Citations1143LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts","author":[{"family":"Cornell","given":"Wendy"},{"family":"Cieplak","given":"Piotr"},{"family":"Bayly","given":"Christopher"},{"family":"Kollman","given":"Peter"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993]]},"DOI":"10.1021/ja00074a030","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00074a030","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2079456080","type":"article-journal","title":"Correlating hydrogen oxidation and evolution activity on platinum at different pH with measured hydrogen binding energy","abstract":"The hydrogen oxidation/evolution reactions are two of the most fundamental reactions in distributed renewable electrochemical energy conversion and storage systems. The identification of the reaction descriptor is therefore of critical importance for the rational catalyst design and development. Here we report the correlation between hydrogen oxidation/evolution activity and experimentally measured hydrogen binding energy for polycrystalline platinum examined in several buffer solutions in a wide range of electrolyte pH from 0 to 13. The hydrogen oxidation/evolution activity obtained using the rotating disk electrode method is found to decrease with the pH, while the hydrogen binding energy, obtained from cyclic voltammograms, linearly increases with the pH. Correlating the hydrogen oxidation/evolution activity to the hydrogen binding energy renders a monotonic decreasing hydrogen oxidation/evolution activity with the hydrogen binding energy, strongly supporting the hypothesis that hydrogen binding energy is the sole reaction descriptor for the hydrogen oxidation/evolution activity on monometallic platinum. Hydrogen oxidation and evolution are two of the key reactions in renewable energy conversion and storage devices. Here, the authors report the correlation between reaction rate and measured hydrogen binding energy for polycrystalline platinum in buffer solutions ranging from pH 0 to 13.","author":[{"family":"Sheng","given":"Wenchao"},{"family":"Zhuang","given":"Zhongbin"},{"family":"Gao","given":"Min‐rui"},{"family":"Zheng","given":"Jie"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Jingguang"},{"family":"Yan","given":"Yushan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"DOI":"10.1038/ncomms6848","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms6848","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2009734832","type":"article-journal","title":"Correlating the hydrogen evolution reaction activity in alkaline electrolytes with the hydrogen binding energy on monometallic surfaces","abstract":"The slow reaction kinetics of the hydrogen evolution and oxidation reactions (HER/HOR) on platinum in alkaline electrolytes hinders the development of alkaline electrolysers, solar hydrogen cells and alkaline fuel cells. A fundamental understanding of the exchange current density of the HER/HOR in alkaline media is critical for the search and design of highly active electrocatalysts. By studying the HER on a series of monometallic surfaces, we demonstrate that the HER exchange current density in alkaline solutions can be correlated with the calculated hydrogen binding energy (HBE) on the metal surfaces via a volcano type of relationship. The HER activity varies by several orders of magnitude from Pt at the peak of the plot to W and Au located on the bottom of each side of the plot, similar to the observation in acids. Such a correlation suggests that the HBE can be used as a descriptor for identifying electrocatalysts for HER/HOR in alkaline media, and that the HER exchange current density can be tuned by modifying the surface chemical properties.","author":[{"family":"Sheng","given":"Wenchao"},{"family":"Myint","given":"Myatnoezin"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Jingguang"},{"family":"Yan","given":"Yushan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"DOI":"10.1039/c3ee00045a","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ee00045a","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2022714449","type":"article-journal","title":"Trends in the Exchange Current for Hydrogen Evolution","abstract":"A density functional theory database of hydrogen chemisorption energies on close packed surfaces of a number of transition and noble metals is presented. The bond energies are used to understand the trends in the exchange current for hydrogen evolution. A volcano curve is obtained when measured exchange currents are plotted as a function of the calculated hydrogen adsorption energies and a simple kinetic model is developed to understand the origin of the volcano. The volcano curve is also consistent with Pt being the most efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution. © 2005 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.","author":[{"family":"Nørskov","given":"Jens"},{"family":"Bligaard","given":"Thomas"},{"family":"Logadóttir","given":"Á"},{"family":"Kitchin","given":"John"},{"family":"Chen","given":"JG"},{"family":"Pandelov","given":"Stanislav"},{"family":"Stimming","given":"Ulrich"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005]]},"DOI":"10.1149/1.1856988","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1856988","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2104232747","type":"article-journal","title":"Hydrogen: the future energy carrier","abstract":"Since the beginning of the twenty-first century the limitations of the fossil age with regard to the continuing growth of energy demand, the peaking mining rate of oil, the growing impact of CO2 emissions on the environment and the dependency of the economy in the industrialized world on the availability of fossil fuels became very obvious. A major change in the energy economy from fossil energy carriers to renewable energy fluxes is necessary. The main challenge is to efficiently convert renewable energy into electricity and the storage of electricity or the production of a synthetic fuel. Hydrogen is produced from water by electricity through an electrolyser. The storage of hydrogen in its molecular or atomic form is a materials challenge. Some hydrides are known to exhibit a hydrogen density comparable to oil; however, these hydrides require a sophisticated storage system. The system energy density is significantly smaller than the energy density of fossil fuels. An interesting alternative to the direct storage of hydrogen are synthetic hydrocarbons produced from hydrogen and CO2 extracted from the atmosphere. They are CO2 neutral and stored like fossil fuels. Conventional combustion engines and turbines can be used in order to convert the stored energy into work and heat.","author":[{"family":"Züttel","given":"Andreas"},{"family":"Remhof","given":"Arndt"},{"family":"Borgschulte","given":"Andreas"},{"family":"Friedrichs","given":"O"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010]]},"DOI":"10.1098/rsta.2010.0113","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0113","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2997563649","type":"article-journal","title":"Materials for hydrogen-based energy storage – past, recent progress and future outlook","abstract":"Globally, the accelerating use of renewable energy sources, enabled by increased efficiencies and reduced costs, and driven by the need to mitigate the effects of climate change, has significantly increased research in the areas of renewable energy production, storage, distribution and end-use. Central to this discussion is the use of hydrogen, as a clean, efficient energy vector for energy storage. This review, by experts of Task 32, “Hydrogen-based Energy Storage” of the International Energy Agency, Hydrogen TCP, reports on the development over the last 6 years of hydrogen storage materials, methods and techniques, including electrochemical and thermal storage systems. An overview is given on the background to the various methods, the current state of development and the future prospects. The following areas are covered; porous materials, liquid hydrogen carriers, complex hydrides, intermetallic hydrides, electrochemical storage of energy, thermal energy storage, hydrogen energy systems and an outlook is presented for future prospects and research on hydrogen-based energy storage.","author":[{"family":"Hirscher","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Yartys","given":"VA"},{"family":"Baricco","given":"Marcello"},{"family":"Colbe","given":"José"},{"family":"Blanchard","given":"Didier"},{"family":"Bowman","given":"RC"},{"family":"Broom","given":"Darren"},{"family":"Buckley","given":"Craig"},{"family":"Chang","given":"Fei"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Ping"},{"family":"Cho","given":"Young"},{"family":"Crivello","given":"Jean‐claude"},{"family":"Cuevas","given":"Fermín"},{"family":"David","given":"William"},{"family":"Jongh","given":"Petra"},{"family":"Denys","given":"RV"},{"family":"Dornheim","given":"Martin"},{"family":"Felderhoff","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Filinchuk","given":"Yaroslav"},{"family":"Froudakis","given":"George"},{"family":"Grant","given":"David"},{"family":"Gray","given":"Evan"},{"family":"Hauback","given":"Bjørn"},{"family":"He","given":"Teng"},{"family":"Humphries","given":"Terry"},{"family":"Jensen","given":"Torben"},{"family":"Kim","given":"Sangryun"},{"family":"Kojima","given":"Yoshitsugu"},{"family":"Latroche","given":"Michel"},{"family":"Li","given":"Haiwen"},{"family":"Lototskyy","given":"Mykhaylo"},{"family":"Makepeace","given":"Joshua"},{"family":"Møller","given":"Kasper"},{"family":"Naheed","given":"Lubna"},{"family":"Ngene","given":"Peter"},{"family":"Noréus","given":"Dag"},{"family":"Nygård","given":"Magnus"},{"family":"Orimo","given":"Shin‐ichi"},{"family":"Paskevicius","given":"Mark"},{"family":"Pasquini","given":"Luca"},{"family":"Ravnsbæk","given":"Dorthe"},{"family":"Sofianos","given":"MV"},{"family":"Udovic","given":"Terrence"},{"family":"Vegge","given":"Tejs"},{"family":"Walker","given":"Gavin"},{"family":"Webb","given":"CJ"},{"family":"Weidenthaler","given":"Claudia"},{"family":"Zlotea","given":"Claudia"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.153548","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.153548","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2137042069","type":"article-journal","title":"Hydrogen adsorption and cohesive energy of single-walled carbon nanotubes","abstract":"Hydrogen adsorption on crystalline ropes of carbon single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) was found to exceed 8 wt. %, which is the highest capacity of any carbon material. Hydrogen is first adsorbed on the outer surfaces of the crystalline ropes. At pressures higher than about 40 bar at 80 K, however, a phase transition occurs where there is a separation of the individual SWNTs, and hydrogen is physisorbed on their exposed surfaces. The pressure of this phase transition provides a tube-tube cohesive energy for much of the material of 5 meV/C atom. This small cohesive energy is affected strongly by the quality of crystalline order in the ropes.","author":[{"family":"Ye","given":"Yajin"},{"family":"Ahn","given":"CC"},{"family":"Witham","given":"C"},{"family":"Fultz","given":"Brent"},{"family":"Liu","given":"Jie"},{"family":"Rinzler","given":"Andrew"},{"family":"Colbert","given":"Daniel"},{"family":"Smith","given":"KA"},{"family":"Smalley","given":"RE"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999]]},"DOI":"10.1063/1.123833","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.123833","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2801756511","type":"article-journal","title":"Design Strategies, Practical Considerations, and New Solution Processes of Sulfide Solid Electrolytes for All‐Solid‐State Batteries","abstract":"Abstract Owing to the ever‐increasing safety concerns about conventional lithium‐ion batteries, whose applications have expanded to include electric vehicles and grid‐scale energy storage, batteries with solidified electrolytes that utilize nonflammable inorganic materials are attracting considerable attention. In particular, owing to their superionic conductivities (as high as ≈10 −2 S cm −1 ) and deformability, sulfide materials as the solid electrolytes (SEs) are considered the enabling material for high‐energy bulk‐type all‐solid‐state batteries. Herein the authors provide a brief review on recent progress in sulfide Li‐ and Na‐ion SEs for all‐solid‐state batteries. After the basic principles in designing SEs are considered, the experimental exploration of multicomponent systems and ab initio calculations that accelerate the search for stronger candidates are discussed. Next, other issues and challenges that are critical for practical applications, such as instability in air, electrochemical stability, and compatibility with active materials, are discussed. Then, an emerging progress in liquid‐phase synthesis and solution process of SEs and its relevant prospects in ensuring intimate ionic contacts and fabricating sheet‐type electrodes is highlighted. Finally, an outlook on the future research directions for all‐solid‐state batteries employing sulfide superionic conductors is provided.","author":[{"family":"Park","given":"Kern"},{"family":"Bai","given":"Qiang"},{"family":"Kim","given":"Dong"},{"family":"Oh","given":"Dae"},{"family":"Zhu","given":"Yizhou"},{"family":"Mo","given":"Yifei"},{"family":"Jung","given":"Yoon"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.1002/aenm.201800035","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201800035","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2791537261","type":"article-journal","title":"3D‐Printing Electrolytes for Solid‐State Batteries","abstract":"Abstract Solid‐state batteries have many enticing advantages in terms of safety and stability, but the solid electrolytes upon which these batteries are based typically lead to high cell resistance. Both components of the resistance (interfacial, due to poor contact with electrolytes, and bulk, due to a thick electrolyte) are a result of the rudimentary manufacturing capabilities that exist for solid‐state electrolytes. In general, solid electrolytes are studied as flat pellets with planar interfaces, which minimizes interfacial contact area. Here, multiple ink formulations are developed that enable 3D printing of unique solid electrolyte microstructures with varying properties. These inks are used to 3D‐print a variety of patterns, which are then sintered to reveal thin, nonplanar, intricate architectures composed only of Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 solid electrolyte. Using these 3D‐printing ink formulations to further study and optimize electrolyte structure could lead to solid‐state batteries with dramatically lower full cell resistance and higher energy and power density. In addition, the reported ink compositions could be used as a model recipe for other solid electrolyte or ceramic inks, perhaps enabling 3D printing in related fields.","author":[{"family":"Mcowen","given":"Dennis"},{"family":"Xu","given":"Shaomao"},{"family":"Gong","given":"Yunhui"},{"family":"Yang","given":"Wen"},{"family":"Godbey","given":"Griffin"},{"family":"Gritton","given":"Jack"},{"family":"Hamann","given":"Tanner"},{"family":"Dai","given":"Jiaqi"},{"family":"Hitz","given":"Gregory"},{"family":"Hu","given":"Liangbing"},{"family":"Wachsman","given":"Eric"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.1002/adma.201707132","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201707132","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2921717102","type":"article-journal","title":"Rational Design of Hierarchical “Ceramic‐in‐Polymer” and “Polymer‐in‐Ceramic” Electrolytes for Dendrite‐Free Solid‐State Batteries","abstract":"Abstract Solid polymer electrolytes as one of the promising solid‐state electrolytes have received extensive attention due to their excellent flexibility. However, the issues of lithium (Li) dendrite growth still hinder their practical applications in solid‐state batteries (SSBs). Herein, composite electrolytes from “ceramic‐in‐polymer” (CIP) to “polymer‐in‐ceramic” (PIC) with different sizes of garnet particles are investigated for their effectiveness in dendrite suppression. While the CIP electrolyte with 20 vol% 200 nm Li 6.4 La 3 Zr 1.4 Ta 0.6 O 12 (LLZTO) particles (CIP‐200 nm) exhibits the highest ionic conductivity of 1.6 × 10 −4 S cm −1 at 30 °C and excellent flexibility, the PIC electrolyte with 80 vol% 5 µm LLZTO (PIC‐5 µm) shows the highest tensile strength of 12.7 MPa. A sandwich‐type composite electrolyte (SCE) with hierarchical garnet particles (a PIC‐5 µm interlayer sandwiched between two CIP‐200 nm thin layers) is constructed to simultaneously achieve dendrite suppression and excellent interfacial contact with Li metal. The SCE enables highly stable Li plating/stripping cycling for over 400 h at 0.2 mA cm −2 at 30 °C. The LiFePO 4 /SCE/Li cells also demonstrate excellent cycle performance at room temperature. Fabricating sandwich‐type composite electrolytes with hierarchical filler designs can be an effective strategy to achieve dendrite‐free SSBs with high performance and high safety at room temperature.","author":[{"family":"Huo","given":"Hanyu"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Yue"},{"family":"Luo","given":"Jing"},{"family":"Yang","given":"Xiaofei"},{"family":"Guo","given":"Xiangxin"},{"family":"Sun","given":"Xueliang"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.1002/aenm.201804004","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201804004","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2765536246","type":"article-journal","title":"Accessing the bottleneck in all-solid state batteries, lithium-ion transport over the solid-electrolyte-electrode interface","abstract":"Solid-state batteries potentially offer increased lithium-ion battery energy density and safety as required for large-scale production of electrical vehicles. One of the key challenges toward high-performance solid-state batteries is the large impedance posed by the electrode-electrolyte interface. However, direct assessment of the lithium-ion transport across realistic electrode-electrolyte interfaces is tedious. Here we report two-dimensional lithium-ion exchange NMR accessing the spontaneous lithium-ion transport, providing insight on the influence of electrode preparation and battery cycling on the lithium-ion transport over the interface between an argyrodite solid-electrolyte and a sulfide electrode. Interfacial conductivity is shown to depend strongly on the preparation method and demonstrated to drop dramatically after a few electrochemical (dis)charge cycles due to both losses in interfacial contact and increased diffusional barriers. The reported exchange NMR facilitates non-invasive and selective measurement of lithium-ion interfacial transport, providing insight that can guide the electrolyte-electrode interface design for future all-solid-state batteries.","author":[{"family":"Yu","given":"Chuang"},{"family":"Ganapathy","given":"Swapna"},{"family":"Eck","given":"Ernst"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Heng"},{"family":"Basak","given":"Shibabrata"},{"family":"Li","given":"Zhaolong"},{"family":"Wagemaker","given":"Marnix"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"DOI":"10.1038/s41467-017-01187-y","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01187-y","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2948700419","type":"article-journal","title":"Visualizing Chemomechanical Degradation of a Solid-State Battery Electrolyte","abstract":"Transformations at interfaces between solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) and lithium metal electrodes can lead to high impedance and capacity decay during cycling of solid-state batteries, but the links between structural/chemical/mechanical evolution of interfaces and electrochemistry are not well understood. Here, we use in situ X-ray computed tomography to reveal the evolution of mechanical damage within a Li 1+ x Al x Ge 2– x (PO 4 ) 3 (LAGP) SSE caused by interphase growth during electrochemical cycling. The growth of an interphase with expanded volume drives fracture in this material, and the extent of fracture during cycling is found to be the primary factor causing the impedance increase, as opposed to the resistance of the interphase itself. Cracks are observed to initiate near the edge of the lithium/LAGP interface, which agrees with simulations. The chemomechanical effects of interphase growth studied here are expected to play a role in a variety of SSE materials, and this work is a step toward designing durable interfaces.","author":[{"family":"Tippens","given":"Jared"},{"family":"Miers","given":"John"},{"family":"Afshar","given":"Arman"},{"family":"Lewis","given":"John"},{"family":"Cortes","given":"Francisco"},{"family":"Qiao","given":"Haipeng"},{"family":"Marchese","given":"Thomas"},{"family":"Leo","given":"Claudio"},{"family":"Saldaña","given":"Christopher"},{"family":"Mcdowell","given":"Matthew"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.1021/acsenergylett.9b00816","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.9b00816","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2781386653","type":"article-journal","title":"Interfacial Chemistry in Solid-State Batteries: Formation of Interphase and Its Consequences","abstract":"Benefiting from extremely high shear modulus and high ionic transference number, solid electrolytes are promising candidates to address both the dendrite-growth and electrolyte-consumption problems inherent to the widely adopted liquid-phase electrolyte batteries. However, solid electrolyte/electrode interfaces present high resistance and complicated morphology, hampering the development of solid-state battery systems, while requiring advanced analysis for rational improvement. Here, we employ an ultrasensitive three-dimensional (3D) chemical analysis to uncover the dynamic formation of interphases at the solid electrolyte/electrode interface. While the formation of interphases widens the electrochemical window, their electronic and ionic conductivities determine the electrochemical performance and have a large influence on dendrite growth. Our results suggest that, contrary to the general understanding, highly stable solid electrolytes with metal anodes in fact promote fast dendritic formation, as a result of less Li consumption and much larger curvature of dendrite tips that leads to an enhanced electric driving force. Detailed thermodynamic analysis shows an interphase with low electronic conductivity, high ionic conductivity, and chemical stability, yet having a dynamic thickness and uniform coverage is needed to prevent dendrite growth. This work provides a paradigm for interphase design to address the dendrite challenge, paving the way for the development of robust, fully operational solid-state batteries.","author":[{"family":"Wang","given":"Shaofei"},{"family":"Xu","given":"Henghui"},{"family":"Li","given":"Wangda"},{"family":"Dolocan","given":"Andrei"},{"family":"Manthiram","given":"Arumugam"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"DOI":"10.1021/jacs.7b09531","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b09531","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2197550433","type":"article-journal","title":"Inorganic Solid-State Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries: Mechanisms and Properties Governing Ion Conduction","abstract":"This Review is focused on ion-transport mechanisms and fundamental properties of solid-state electrolytes to be used in electrochemical energy-storage systems. Properties of the migrating species significantly affecting diffusion, including the valency and ionic radius, are discussed. The natures of the ligand and metal composing the skeleton of the host framework are analyzed and shown to have large impacts on the performance of solid-state electrolytes. A comprehensive identification of the candidate migrating species and structures is carried out. Not only the bulk properties of the conductors are explored, but the concept of tuning the conductivity through interfacial effects-specifically controlling grain boundaries and strain at the interfaces-is introduced. High-frequency dielectric constants and frequencies of low-energy optical phonons are shown as examples of properties that correlate with activation energy across many classes of ionic conductors. Experimental studies and theoretical results are discussed in parallel to give a pathway for further improvement of solid-state electrolytes. Through this discussion, the present Review aims to provide insight into the physical parameters affecting the diffusion process, to allow for more efficient and target-oriented research on improving solid-state ion conductors.","author":[{"family":"Bachman","given":"John"},{"family":"Muy","given":"Sokseiha"},{"family":"Grimaud","given":"Alexis"},{"family":"Chang","given":"Hao"},{"family":"Pour","given":"Nir"},{"family":"Lux","given":"Simon"},{"family":"Paschos","given":"Odysseas"},{"family":"Maglia","given":"Filippo"},{"family":"Lupart","given":"Saskia"},{"family":"Lamp","given":"Peter"},{"family":"Giordano","given":"Livia"},{"family":"Shaohorn","given":"Yang"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"DOI":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00563","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00563","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2944326309","type":"article-journal","title":"On the Functionality of Coatings for Cathode Active Materials in Thiophosphate‐Based All‐Solid‐State Batteries","abstract":"Abstract The last decade has seen considerable advancements in the development of solid electrolytes for solid‐state battery applications, with particular attention being paid to sulfide superionic conductors. Importantly, the intrinsic electrochemical instability of these high‐performance separators highlights the notion that further progress in the field of solid‐state batteries is contingent on the optimization of component material interfaces in order to secure high energy and power densities, while maintaining device safety and a practical cycle life. On the cathode side, the need for a protective coating to inhibit solid electrolyte degradation is clear; however, a mechanistic understanding of the coating functionality remains unresolved, and there is still much room for improvement regarding the methodology and associated material properties. Herein, the essential requirements for a suitable coating are specified and fundamental considerations are discussed in detail. Additionally, this article will provide an overview of the various material classes, assessment protocols and practical coating methods, as well as an outlook on the development of coatings for cathode active materials in thiophosphate‐based solid‐state batteries.","author":[{"family":"Culver","given":"Sean"},{"family":"Koerver","given":"Raimund"},{"family":"Zeier","given":"Wolfgang"},{"family":"Janek","given":"Jürgen"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.1002/aenm.201900626","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201900626","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2346007330","type":"article-journal","title":"In Situ STEM-EELS Observation of Nanoscale Interfacial Phenomena in All-Solid-State Batteries","abstract":"Behaviors of functional interfaces are crucial factors in the performance and safety of energy storage and conversion devices. Indeed, solid electrode-solid electrolyte interfacial impedance is now considered the main limiting factor in all-solid-state batteries rather than low ionic conductivity of the solid electrolyte. Here, we present a new approach to conducting in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) coupled with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) in order to uncover the unique interfacial phenomena related to lithium ion transport and its corresponding charge transfer. Our approach allowed quantitative spectroscopic characterization of a galvanostatically biased electrochemical system under in situ conditions. Using a LiCoO2/LiPON/Si thin film battery, an unexpected structurally disordered interfacial layer between LiCoO2 cathode and LiPON electrolyte was discovered to be inherent to this interface without cycling. During in situ charging, spectroscopic characterization revealed that this interfacial layer evolved to form highly oxidized Co ions species along with lithium oxide and lithium peroxide species. These findings suggest that the mechanism of interfacial impedance at the LiCoO2/LiPON interface is caused by chemical changes rather than space charge effects. Insights gained from this technique will shed light on important challenges of interfaces in all-solid-state energy storage and conversion systems and facilitate improved engineering of devices operated far from equilibrium.","author":[{"family":"Wang","given":"Ziying"},{"family":"Santhanagopalan","given":"Dhamodaran"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Wei"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Feng"},{"family":"Xin","given":"Huolin"},{"family":"He","given":"Kai"},{"family":"Li","given":"Juchuan"},{"family":"Dudney","given":"Nancy"},{"family":"Meng","given":"Ying"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"DOI":"10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01119","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01119","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2915968701","type":"article-journal","title":"Innovative Electrolytes Based on Ionic Liquids and Polymers for Next-Generation Solid-State Batteries","abstract":"Electrolytes based on organic solvents used in current Li-ion batteries are not compatible with the next-generation energy storage technologies including those based on Li metal. Thus, there has been an increase in research activities investigating solid-state electrolytes, ionic liquids (ILs), polymers, and combinations of these. This Account will discuss some of the work from our teams in these areas. Similarly, other metal-based technologies including Na, Mg, Zn, and Al, for example, are being considered as alternatives to Li-based energy storage. However, the materials research required to effectively enable these alkali metal based energy storage applications is still in its relative infancy. Once again, electrolytes play a significant role in enabling these devices, and research has for the most part progressed along similar lines to that in advanced lithium technologies. Some of our recent contributions in these areas will also be discussed, along with our perspective on future directions in this field. For example, one approach has been to develop single-ion conductors, where the anion is tethered to the polymer backbone, and the dominant charge conductor is the lithium or sodium countercation. Typically, these present with low conductivity, whereas by using a copolymer approach or incorporating bulky quaternary ammonium co-cations, the effective charge separation is increased thus leading to higher conductivities and greater mobility of the alkali metal cation. This has been demonstrated both experimentally and via computer simulations. Further enhancements in ion transport may be possible in the future by designing and tethering more weakly associating anions to the polymer backbone. The second approach considers ion gels or composite polymer electrolytes where a polymerized ionic liquid is the matrix that provides both mechanical robustness and ion conducting pathways. The block copolymer approach is also demonstrated, in this case, to simultaneously provide mechanical properties and high ionic conductivity when used in combination with ionic-liquid electrolytes. The ultimate electrolyte material that will enable all high-performance solid-state batteries will have ion transport decoupled from the mechanical properties. While inorganic conductors can achieve this, their rigid, brittle nature creates difficulties. On the other hand, ionic polymers and their composites provide a rich area of chemistry to design and tune high ionic conductivity together with ideal mechanical properties.","author":[{"family":"Forsyth","given":"Maria"},{"family":"Porcarelli","given":"Luca"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Xiaoen"},{"family":"Goujon","given":"Nicolas"},{"family":"Mecerreyes","given":"David"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00566","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00566","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2167192201","type":"article-journal","title":"High Energy Density All‐Solid‐State Batteries: A Challenging Concept Towards 3D Integration","abstract":"Abstract Rechargeable all‐solid‐state batteries will play a key role in many autonomous devices. Planar solid‐state thin film batteries are rapidly emerging but reveal several drawbacks, such as a relatively low energy density and the use of highly reactive metallic lithium. In order to overcome these limitations a new 3D‐integrated all‐solid‐state battery concept with significantly increased surface area is presented. By depositing the active battery materials into high‐aspect ratio structures etched in, for example silicon, 3D‐integrated all‐solid‐state batteries are calculated to reach a much higher energy density. Additionally, by adopting novel high‐energy dense Li‐intercalation materials the use of metallic Lithium can be avoided. Sputtered Ta, TaN and TiN films have been investigated as potential Li‐diffusion barrier materials. TiN combines a very low response towards ionic Lithium and a high electronic conductivity. Additionally, thin film poly‐Si anodes have been electrochemically characterized with respect to their thermodynamic and kinetic Li‐intercalation properties and cycle life. The Butler‐Vollmer relationship was successfully applied, indicating favorable electrochemical charge transfer kinetics and solid‐state diffusion. Advantageously, these new Li‐intercalation anode materials were found to combine an extremely high energy density with fast rate capability, enabling future 3D‐integrated all‐solid‐state batteries.","author":[{"family":"Baggetto","given":"Loïc"},{"family":"Niessen","given":"RAH"},{"family":"Roozeboom","given":"F"},{"family":"Notten","given":"Peter"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008]]},"DOI":"10.1002/adfm.200701245","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200701245","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2910644063","type":"article-journal","title":"Lithium–Graphite Paste: An Interface Compatible Anode for Solid‐State Batteries","abstract":"Abstract All‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) with ceramic‐based solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) enable high safety that is inaccessible with conventional lithium‐ion batteries. Lithium metal, the ultimate anode with the highest specific capacity, also becomes available with nonflammable SSEs in ASSBs, which offers promising energy density. The rapid development of ASSBs, however, is significantly hampered by the large interfacial resistance as a matched lithium/ceramic interface that is not easy to pursue. Here, a lithium–graphite (Li–C) composite anode is fabricated, which shows a dramatic modification in wettability with garnet SSE. An intimate Li–C/garnet interface is obtained by casting Li–C composite onto garnet‐type SSE, delivering an interfacial resistance as low as 11 Ω cm 2 . As a comparison, pure Li/garnet interface gives a large resistance of 381 Ω cm 2 . Such improvement can be ascribed to the experiment‐measured increased viscosity of Li–C composite and simulation‐verified limited interfacial reaction. The Li–C/garnet/Li–C symmetric cell exhibits stable plating/striping performance with small voltage hysteresis and endures a critical current density up to 1.0 mA cm −2 . The full cell paired with LiFePO 4 shows stable cycle performance, comparable to the cell with liquid electrolyte. The present work demonstrates a promising strategy to develop ceramic‐compatible lithium metal‐based anodes and hence low‐impedance ASSBs.","author":[{"family":"Duan","given":"Jian"},{"family":"Wu","given":"Wangyan"},{"family":"Nolan","given":"Adelaide"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Tengrui"},{"family":"Wen","given":"Jiayun"},{"family":"Hu","given":"Chenchen"},{"family":"Mo","given":"Yifei"},{"family":"Luo","given":"Wei"},{"family":"Huang","given":"Yunhui"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.1002/adma.201807243","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201807243","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2792592857","type":"article-journal","title":"Promises, Challenges, and Recent Progress of Inorganic Solid‐State Electrolytes for All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries","abstract":"All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) have the potential to revolutionize battery systems for electric vehicles due to their benefits in safety, energy density, packaging, and operable temperature range. As the key component in ASSLBs, inorganic lithium-ion-based solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) have attracted great interest, and advances in SSEs are vital to deliver the promise of ASSLBs. Herein, a survey of emerging SSEs is presented, and ion-transport mechanisms are briefly discussed. Techniques for increasing the ionic conductivity of SSEs, including substitution and mechanical strain treatment, are highlighted. Recent advances in various classes of SSEs enabled by different preparation methods are described. Then, the issues of chemical stabilities, electrochemical compatibility, and the interfaces between electrodes and SSEs are focused on. A variety of research addressing these issues is outlined accordingly. Given their importance for next-generation battery systems and transportation style, a perspective on the current challenges and opportunities is provided, and suggestions for future research directions for SSEs and ASSLBs are suggested.","author":[{"family":"Gao","given":"Zhonghui"},{"family":"Sun","given":"Hua‐bin"},{"family":"Fu","given":"Lin"},{"family":"Ye","given":"Fangliang"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Yi"},{"family":"Luo","given":"Wei"},{"family":"Huang","given":"Yunhui"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.1002/adma.201705702","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201705702","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2790240084","type":"article-journal","title":"Solid‐State Sodium Batteries","abstract":"Abstract Rechargeable Na‐ion batteries (NIBs) are attractive large‐scale energy storage systems compared to Li‐ion batteries due to the substantial reserve and low cost of sodium resources. The recent rapid development of NIBs will no doubt accelerate the commercialization process. As one of the indispensable components in current battery systems, organic liquid electrolytes are widely used for their high ionic conductivity and good wettability, but the low thermal stability, especially the easy flammability and leakage make them at risk of safety issues. The booming solid‐state batteries with solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) show promise as alternatives to organic liquid systems due to their improved safety and higher energy density. However, several challenges including low ionic conductivity, poor wettability, low stability/incompatibility between electrodes and electrolytes, etc., may degrade performance, hindering the development of practical applications. In this review, an overview of Na‐ion SSEs is first outlined according to the classification of solid polymer electrolytes, composite polymer electrolytes, inorganic solid electrolytes, etc. Furthermore, the current challenges and critical perspectives for the potential development of solid‐state sodium batteries are discussed in detail.","author":[{"family":"Zhao","given":"Chenglong"},{"family":"Liu","given":"Lilu"},{"family":"Qi","given":"Xingguo"},{"family":"Lu","given":"Yaxiang"},{"family":"Wu","given":"Feixiang"},{"family":"Zhao","given":"Junmei"},{"family":"Yu","given":"Yan"},{"family":"Hu","given":"Yong‐sheng"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Liquan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.1002/aenm.201703012","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201703012","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2907529867","type":"article-journal","title":"Microstructural Modeling of Composite Cathodes for All-Solid-State Batteries","abstract":"When it comes to energy density, all-solid-state batteries are seen as a promising technology for next-generation electrochemical storage devices. Nevertheless, the performance of all-solid-state cells is still very limited. The reasons are manifold, with insufficient ionic and electronic percolation within the composite cathode being a crucial one. In this work, we investigate percolation characteristics by three-dimensional microstructural modeling with the aim to define and understand boundary conditions for well-percolating networks. Utilizing spherical active material particles together with convex polyhedra as the solid electrolyte, ionic and electronic conduction clusters are determined and analyzed by means of percolation theory for varying macroscopic parameters, such as composition, porosity, particle size, and electrode thickness. Small active material particles turn out to enhance the effective electronic conductivity, offering high surface areas and thus more possibilities to connect particles, while porosity crucially affects ionic and electronic conduction capabilities. An impact of electrode thickness on the effective electronic conductivity is observed exclusively in thin electrodes, where percolation effects are suppressed implying favorable electrode properties. From microstructural modeling, ideal compositions are derived and guidelines for electrode design are developed at a given porosity and particle size of active material and solid electrolyte.","author":[{"family":"Bielefeld","given":"Anja"},{"family":"Weber","given":"Dominik"},{"family":"Janek","given":"Jürgen"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b11043","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b11043","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2312874713","type":"article-journal","title":"The state of understanding of the lithium-ion-battery graphite solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and its relationship to formation cycling","abstract":"An in-depth historical and current review is presented on the science of lithium-ion battery (LIB) solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation on the graphite anode, including structure, morphology, composition, electrochemistry, and formation mechanism. During initial LIB operation, the SEI layer forms on the graphite surfaces, the most common anode material. The SEI is essential to the long-term performance of LIBs, and it also has an impact on its initial capacity loss, self-discharge characteristics, rate capability, and safety. While the presence of the anode SEI is vital, it is difficult to control its formation and growth, as they depend on several factors. These factors include the type of graphite, electrolyte composition, electrochemical conditions, and temperature. Thus, SEI formation and electrochemical stability over long-term operation should be a primary topic of future investigation in the LIB development. This article covers the progression of knowledge regarding the SEI, from its discovery in 1979 to the current state of understanding, and covers differences in the chemical and structural makeup when cell materials and components are varied. It also discusses the relationship of the SEI layer to the LIB formation step, involving both electrolyte wetting and subsequent slow charge–discharge cycles to grow the SEI.","author":[{"family":"An","given":"Seong"},{"family":"Li","given":"Jianlin"},{"family":"Daniel","given":"Claus"},{"family":"Mohanty","given":"Debasish"},{"family":"Nagpure","given":"Shrikant"},{"family":"Wood","given":"David"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.carbon.2016.04.008","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2016.04.008","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2992250576","type":"article-journal","title":"High Active Material Loading in All‐Solid‐State Battery Electrode via Particle Size Optimization","abstract":"Abstract Low active material loading in the composite electrode of all‐solid‐state batteries (SSBs) is one of the main reasons for the low energy density in current SSBs. In this work, it is demonstrated with both modeling and experiments that in the regime of high cathode loading, the utilization of cathode material in the solid‐state composite is highly dependent on the particle size ratio of the cathode to the solid‐state conductor. The modeling, confirmed by experimental data, shows that higher cathode loading and therefore an increased energy density can be achieved by increasing the ratio of the cathode to conductor particle size. These results are consistent with ionic percolation being the limiting factor in cold‐pressed solid‐state cathode materials and provide specific guidelines on how to improve the energy density of composite cathodes for solid‐state batteries. By reducing solid electrolyte particle size and increasing the cathode active material particle size, over 50 vol% cathode active material loading with high cathode utilization is able to be experimentally achieved, demonstrating that a commercially‐relevant, energy‐dense cathode composite is achievable through simple mixing and pressing method.","author":[{"family":"Shi","given":"Tan"},{"family":"Tu","given":"Qingsong"},{"family":"Tian","given":"Yaosen"},{"family":"Xiao","given":"Yihan"},{"family":"Miara","given":"Lincoln"},{"family":"Kononova","given":"Olga"},{"family":"Ceder","given":"Gerbrand"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.1002/aenm.201902881","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201902881","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2113093873","type":"article-journal","title":"Nanomaterials for renewable energy production and storage","abstract":"Over the past decades, there have been many projections on the future depletion of the fossil fuel reserves on earth as well as the rapid increase in green-house gas emissions. There is clearly an urgent need for the development of renewable energy technologies. On a different frontier, growth and manipulation of materials on the nanometer scale have progressed at a fast pace. Selected recent and significant advances in the development of nanomaterials for renewable energy applications are reviewed here, and special emphases are given to the studies of solar-driven photocatalytic hydrogen production, electricity generation with dye-sensitized solar cells, solid-state hydrogen storage, and electric energy storage with lithium ion rechargeable batteries.","author":[{"family":"Chen","given":"Xiaobo"},{"family":"Li","given":"Can"},{"family":"Grätzel","given":"Michaël"},{"family":"Kostecki","given":"Robert"},{"family":"Mao","given":"Samuel"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"DOI":"10.1039/c2cs35230c","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cs35230c","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W1517854909","type":"article-journal","title":"A manual for the economic evaluation of energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies","abstract":"This manual is a guide for analyzing the economics of energy efficiency and renewable energy (EE) technologies and projects. It is intended (1) to help analysts determine the appropriate approach or type of analysis and the appropriate level of detail and (2) to assist EE analysts in completing consistent analyses using standard assumptions and bases, when appropriate. Included are analytical techniques that are commonly required for the economic analysis of EE technologies and projects. The manual consists of six sections: Introduction, Fundamentals, Selection Criteria Guide, Economic Measures, Special Considerations for Conservation and Renewable Energy Systems, and References. A glossary and eight appendices are also included. Each section has a brief introductory statement, a presentation of necessary formulae, a discussion, and when appropriate, examples and descriptions of data and data availability. The objective of an economic analysis is to provide the information needed to make a judgment or a decision. The most complete analysis of an investment in a technology or a project requires the analysis of each year of the life of the investment, taking into account relevant direct costs, indirect and overhead costs, taxes, and returns on investment, plus any externalities, such as environmental impacts, that are relevant to the decision to be made. However, it is important to consider the purpose and scope of a particular analysis at the outset because this will prescribe the course to follow. The perspective of the analysis is important, often dictating the approach to be used. Also, the ultimate use of the results of an analysis will influence the level of detail undertaken. The decision-making criteria of the potential investor must also be considered.","author":[{"family":"Short","given":"W"},{"family":"Packey","given":"Daniel"},{"family":"Holt","given":"Tracy"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995]]},"DOI":"10.2172/35391","URL":"https://doi.org/10.2172/35391","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2945102769","type":"article-journal","title":"Towards Sustainable Energy: A Systematic Review of Renewable Energy Sources, Technologies, and Public Opinions","abstract":"The use of renewable energy resources, such as solar, wind, and biomass will not diminish their availability. Sunlight being a constant source of energy is used to meet the ever-increasing energy need. This review discusses the world's energy needs, renewable energy technologies for domestic use, and highlights public opinions on renewable energy. A systematic review of the literature was conducted from 2009 to 2018. During this process, more than 300 articles were classified and 42 papers were filtered for critical review. The literature analysis showed that despite serious efforts at all levels to reduce reliance on fossil fuels by promoting renewable energy as its alternative, fossil fuels continue to contribute 73.5% to the worldwide electricity production in 2017. Conversely, renewable sources contributed only 26.5%. Furthermore, this study highlights that the lack of public awareness is a major barrier to the acceptance of renewable energy technologies. The results of this study show that worldwide energy crises can be managed by integrating renewable energy sources in the power generation. Moreover, in order to facilitate the development of renewable energy technologies, this systematic review has highlighted the importance of public opinion and performed a real-time analysis of public tweets. This example of tweet analysis is a relatively novel initiative in a review study that will seek to direct the attention of future researchers and policymakers toward public opinion and recommend the implications to both academia and industries.","author":[{"family":"Qazi","given":"Atika"},{"family":"Fayaz","given":"H"},{"family":"Rahim","given":"Nasrudin"},{"family":"Hardaker","given":"Glenn"},{"family":"Alghazzawi","given":"Daniyal"},{"family":"Shaban","given":"Khaled"},{"family":"Haruna","given":"Khalid"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.1109/access.2019.2906402","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2906402","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2757359630","type":"article-journal","title":"Ammonia as a Renewable Energy Transportation Media","abstract":"Ammonia synthesized using hydrogen from renewable sources offers a vast potential for the storage as well as transportation of renewable energy from regions with high intensity to regions lean in renewable sources. Ammonia can be used as an energy vector for an emissionless energy cycle in a variety of ways. Ammonia at the point of end use can be converted to hydrogen for fuel cell vehicles or alternatively utilized directly in solid oxide fuel cells, in an internal combustion engine or a gas turbine. One ton of ammonia production requires 9–15 MWh of energy. However, its conversion back to useful form or direct utilization can lead to substantial energy losses. In this paper, we present an overview of the current processes and technologies for ammonia synthesis and its utilization as an energy carrier. We have performed an estimation of the round-trip efficiency of different routes for ammonia utilization at the point of end use along with some sensitivity analysis, and we discuss the outcomes resulting from the best and worst case scenarios.","author":[{"family":"Giddey","given":"Sarbjit"},{"family":"Badwal","given":"SPS"},{"family":"Munnings","given":"C"},{"family":"Dolan","given":"Michael"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"DOI":"10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b02219","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b02219","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2593249465","type":"article-journal","title":"Achieving a 100% Renewable Grid: Operating Electric Power Systems with Extremely High Levels of Variable Renewable Energy","abstract":"What does it mean to achieve a 100% renewable grid? Several countries already meet or come close to achieving this goal. Iceland, for example, supplies 100% of its electricity needs with either geothermal or hydropower. Other countries that have electric grids with high fractions of renewables based on hydropower include Norway (97%), Costa Rica (93%), Brazil (76%), and Canada (62%). Hydropower plants have been used for decades to create a relatively inexpensive, renewable form of energy, but these systems are limited by natural rainfall and geographic topology. Around the world, most good sites for large hydropower resources have already been developed. So how do other areas achieve 100% renewable grids? Variable renewable energy (VRE), such as wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, will be a major contributor, and with the reduction in costs for these technologies during the last five years, large-scale deployments are happening around the world.","author":[{"family":"Kroposki","given":"Benjamin"},{"family":"Johnson","given":"Brian"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Yingchen"},{"family":"Gevorgian","given":"Vahan"},{"family":"Denholm","given":"Paul"},{"family":"Hodge","given":"Bri‐mathias"},{"family":"Hannegan","given":"Bryan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"DOI":"10.1109/mpe.2016.2637122","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mpe.2016.2637122","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2154304209","type":"article-journal","title":"Catalysis for CO2 conversion: a key technology for rapid introduction of renewable energy in the value chain of chemical industries","abstract":"Replacement of part of the fossil fuel consumption by renewable energy, in particular in the chemical industry, is a central strategy for resource and energy efficiency. This perspective will show that CO2 is the key molecule to proceed effectively in this direction. The routes, opportunities and barriers in increasing the share of renewable energy by using CO2 reaction and their impact on the chemical and energy value chains are discussed after introducing the general aspects of this topic evidencing the tight integration between the CO2 use and renewable energy insertion in the value chain of the process industry. The focus of this perspective article is on the catalytic aspects of the chemistries involved, with an analysis of the state-of-the-art, perspectives and targets to be developed. The reactions discussed are the production of short-chain olefins (ethylene, propylene) from CO2, and the conversion of carbon dioxide to syngas, formic acid, methanol and dimethyl ether, hydrocarbons via Fischer–Tropsch synthesis and methane. The relevance of availability, cost and environmental footprints of H2 production routes using renewable energies is addressed. The final part discusses the possible scenario for CO2 as an intermediary for the incorporation of renewable energy in the process industry, with a concise roadmap for catalysis needs and barriers to reach this goal.","author":[{"family":"Centi","given":"Gabriele"},{"family":"Quadrelli","given":"Elsje"},{"family":"Perathoner","given":"Siglinda"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"DOI":"10.1039/c3ee00056g","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ee00056g","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2013227046","type":"article-journal","title":"Stochastic Energy Scheduling in Microgrids With Intermittent Renewable Energy Resources","abstract":"Renewable energy resources such as wind and solar are an important component of a microgrid. However, the inherent intermittency and variability of such resources complicates microgrid operations. Meanwhile, more controllable loads (e.g., plug-in electric vehicles), distributed generators (e.g., micro gas turbines and diesel generators), and distributed energy storage devices (e.g., battery banks) are being integrated into the microgrid operation. To address the operational challenges associated with these technologies and energy resources, this paper formulates a stochastic problem for microgrid energy scheduling. The proposed problem formulation minimizes the expected operational cost of the microgrid and power losses while accommodating the intermittent nature of renewable energy resources. Case studies are performed on a modified IEEE 37-bus test feeder. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed stochastic microgrid energy scheduling model.","author":[{"family":"Su","given":"Wencong"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Jianhui"},{"family":"Roh","given":"Jae"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"DOI":"10.1109/tsg.2013.2280645","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2013.2280645","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2742075475","type":"article-journal","title":"Toward Safe Lithium Metal Anode in Rechargeable Batteries: A Review","abstract":"The lithium metal battery is strongly considered to be one of the most promising candidates for high-energy-density energy storage devices in our modern and technology-based society. However, uncontrollable lithium dendrite growth induces poor cycling efficiency and severe safety concerns, dragging lithium metal batteries out of practical applications. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the lithium metal anode and its dendritic lithium growth. First, the working principles and technical challenges of a lithium metal anode are underscored. Specific attention is paid to the mechanistic understandings and quantitative models for solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, lithium dendrite nucleation, and growth. On the basis of previous theoretical understanding and analysis, recently proposed strategies to suppress dendrite growth of lithium metal anode and some other metal anodes are reviewed. A section dedicated to the potential of full-cell lithium metal batteries for practical applications is included. A general conclusion and a perspective on the current limitations and recommended future research directions of lithium metal batteries are presented. The review concludes with an attempt at summarizing the theoretical and experimental achievements in lithium metal anodes and endeavors to realize the practical applications of lithium metal batteries.","author":[{"family":"Cheng","given":"Xin‐bing"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Rui"},{"family":"Zhao","given":"Chen‐zi"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Qiang"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"DOI":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00115","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00115","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W1972767018","type":"article-journal","title":"Lithium metal anodes for rechargeable batteries","abstract":"Lithium (Li) metal is an ideal anode material for rechargeable batteries due to its extremely high theoretical specific capacity (3860 mA h g−1), low density (0.59 g cm−3) and the lowest negative electrochemical potential (−3.040 V vs. the standard hydrogen electrode). Unfortunately, uncontrollable dendritic Li growth and limited Coulombic efficiency during Li deposition/stripping inherent in these batteries have prevented their practical applications over the past 40 years. With the emergence of post-Li-ion batteries, safe and efficient operation of Li metal anodes has become an enabling technology which may determine the fate of several promising candidates for the next generation energy storage systems, including rechargeable Li–air batteries, Li–S batteries, and Li metal batteries which utilize intercalation compounds as cathodes. In this paper, various factors that affect the morphology and Coulombic efficiency of Li metal anodes have been analyzed. Technologies utilized to characterize the morphology of Li deposition and the results obtained by modelling of Li dendrite growth have also been reviewed. Finally, recent development and urgent need in this field are discussed.","author":[{"family":"Xu","given":"Wu"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Jiulin"},{"family":"Ding","given":"Fei"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Xilin"},{"family":"Nasybulin","given":"Eduard"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Yaohui"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Ji‐guang"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"DOI":"10.1039/c3ee40795k","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ee40795k","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2005476131","type":"article-journal","title":"Synthesis Of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Films For Lithium Battery Application","abstract":"We demonstrate a controlled growth of nitrogen-doped graphene layers by liquid precursor based chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique. Nitrogen-doped graphene was grown directly on Cu current collectors and studied for its reversible Li-ion intercalation properties. Reversible discharge capacity of N-doped graphene is almost double compared to pristine graphene due to the large number of surface defects induced due to N-doping. All the graphene films were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. Direct growth of active electrode material on current collector substrates makes this a feasible and efficient process for integration into current battery manufacture technology.","author":[{"family":"Reddy","given":"Arava"},{"family":"Srivastava","given":"Anchal"},{"family":"Gowda","given":"Sanketh"},{"family":"Gullapalli","given":"Hemtej"},{"family":"Dubey","given":"Madan"},{"family":"Ajayan","given":"Pulickel"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010]]},"DOI":"10.1021/nn101926g","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/nn101926g","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2071355028","type":"article-journal","title":"Unlocking the Potential of Cation-Disordered Oxides for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries","abstract":"Nearly all high-energy density cathodes for rechargeable lithium batteries are well-ordered materials in which lithium and other cations occupy distinct sites. Cation-disordered materials are generally disregarded as cathodes because lithium diffusion tends to be limited by their structures. The performance of Li1.211Mo0.467Cr0.3O2 shows that lithium diffusion can be facile in disordered materials. Using ab initio computations, we demonstrate that this unexpected behavior is due to percolation of a certain type of active diffusion channels in disordered Li-excess materials. A unified understanding of high performance in both layered and Li-excess materials may enable the design of disordered-electrode materials with high capacity and high energy density.","author":[{"family":"Lee","given":"Jinhyuk"},{"family":"Urban","given":"Alexander"},{"family":"Li","given":"Xin"},{"family":"Su","given":"Dong"},{"family":"Hautier","given":"Geoffroy"},{"family":"Ceder","given":"Gerbrand"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"DOI":"10.1126/science.1246432","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1246432","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2482083820","type":"article-journal","title":"Rechargeable Lithium–Sulfur Batteries","abstract":"ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTRechargeable Lithium–Sulfur BatteriesArumugam Manthiram*, Yongzhu Fu, Sheng-Heng Chung, Chenxi Zu, and Yu-Sheng SuView Author Information Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States*E-mail: [email protected]. Phone: 512-471-1791. Fax: 512-471-7681.Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2014, 114, 23, 11751–11787Publication Date (Web):July 15, 2014Publication History Received3 February 2014Published online15 July 2014Published inissue 10 December 2014https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr500062vhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr500062vreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2014 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views65410Altmetric-Citations3845LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Batteries,Composites,Electrodes,Electrolytes,Sulfur Get e-Alerts","author":[{"family":"Manthiram","given":"Arumugam"},{"family":"Fu","given":"Yongzhu"},{"family":"Chung","given":"Sheng‐heng"},{"family":"Zu","given":"Chenxi"},{"family":"Su","given":"Yu‐sheng"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"DOI":"10.1021/cr500062v","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/cr500062v","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2134711156","type":"article-journal","title":"A review of advanced and practical lithium battery materials","abstract":"Presented herein is a discussion of the forefront in research and development of advanced electrode materials and electrolyte solutions for the next generation of lithium ion batteries. The main challenge of the field today is in meeting the demands necessary to make the electric vehicle fully commercially viable. This requires high energy and power densities with no compromise in safety. Three families of advanced cathode materials (the limiting factor for energy density in the Li battery systems) are discussed in detail: LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 high voltage spinel compounds, Li2MnO3–LiMO2 high capacity composite layered compounds, and LiMPO4, where M = Fe, Mn. Graphite, Si, LixTOy, and MO (conversion reactions) are discussed as anode materials. The electrolyte is a key component that determines the ability to use high voltage cathodes and low voltage anodes in the same system. Electrode–solution interactions and passivation phenomena on both electrodes in Li-ion batteries also play significant roles in determining stability, cycle life and safety features. This presentation is aimed at providing an overall picture of the road map necessary for the future development of advanced high energy density Li-ion batteries for EV applications.","author":[{"family":"Marom","given":"Rotem"},{"family":"Amalraj","given":"SF"},{"family":"Leifer","given":"Nicole"},{"family":"Jacob","given":"David"},{"family":"Aurbach","given":"Doron"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"DOI":"10.1039/c0jm04225k","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c0jm04225k","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W1985480923","type":"article-journal","title":"Hollow Carbon Nanofiber-Encapsulated Sulfur Cathodes for High Specific Capacity Rechargeable Lithium Batteries","abstract":"Sulfur has a high specific capacity of 1673 mAh/g as lithium battery cathodes, but its rapid capacity fading due to polysulfides dissolution presents a significant challenge for practical applications. Here we report a hollow carbon nanofiber-encapsulated sulfur cathode for effective trapping of polysulfides and demonstrate experimentally high specific capacity and excellent electrochemical cycling of the cells. The hollow carbon nanofiber arrays were fabricated using anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates, through thermal carbonization of polystyrene. The AAO template also facilitates sulfur infusion into the hollow fibers and prevents sulfur from coating onto the exterior carbon wall. The high aspect ratio of the carbon nanofibers provides an ideal structure for trapping polysulfides, and the thin carbon wall allows rapid transport of lithium ions. The small dimension of these nanofibers provides a large surface area per unit mass for Li(2)S deposition during cycling and reduces pulverization of electrode materials due to volumetric expansion. A high specific capacity of about 730 mAh/g was observed at C/5 rate after 150 cycles of charge/discharge. The introduction of LiNO(3) additive to the electrolyte was shown to improve the Coulombic efficiency to over 99% at C/5. The results show that the hollow carbon nanofiber-encapsulated sulfur structure could be a promising cathode design for rechargeable Li/S batteries with high specific energy.","author":[{"family":"Zheng","given":"Guangyuan"},{"family":"Yang","given":"Yuan"},{"family":"Judy","given":"J"},{"family":"Hong","given":"Seung"},{"family":"Cui","given":"Yi"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"DOI":"10.1021/nl2027684","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/nl2027684","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2153887810","type":"article-journal","title":"Rechargeable Li<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Electrode for Lithium Batteries","abstract":"Rechargeable lithium batteries represent one of the most important developments in energy storage for 100 years, with the potential to address the key problem of global warming. However, their ability to store energy is limited by the quantity of lithium that may be removed from and reinserted into the positive intercalation electrode, Li(x)CoO(2), 0.5 < x < 1 (corresponding to 140 mA.h g(-1) of charge storage). Abandoning the intercalation electrode and allowing Li to react directly with O(2) from the air at a porous electrode increases the theoretical charge storage by a remarkable 5-10 times! Here we demonstrate two essential prerequisites for the successful operation of a rechargeable Li/O(2) battery; that the Li(2)O(2) formed on discharging such an O(2) electrode is decomposed to Li and O(2) on charging (shown here by in situ mass spectrometry), with or without a catalyst, and that charge/discharge cycling is sustainable for many cycles.","author":[{"family":"Ogasawara","given":"Takeshi"},{"family":"Débart","given":"Aurélie"},{"family":"Holzapfel","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Novák","given":"Petr"},{"family":"Bruce","given":"Peter"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006]]},"DOI":"10.1021/ja056811q","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ja056811q","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2969825580","type":"article-journal","title":"Intermolecular Chemistry in Solid Polymer Electrolytes for High‐Energy‐Density Lithium Batteries","abstract":"Abstract Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have aroused wide interest in lithium batteries because of their sufficient mechanical properties, superior safety performances, and excellent processability. However, ionic conductivity and high‐voltage compatibility of SPEs are still yet to meet the requirement of future energy‐storage systems, representing significant barriers to progress. In this regard, intermolecular interactions in SPEs have attracted attention, and they can significantly impact on the Li + motion and frontier orbital energy level of SPEs. Recent advances in improving electrochemcial performance of SPEs are reviewed, and the underlying mechanism of these proposed strategies related to intermolecular interaction is discussed, including ion–dipole, hydrogen bonds, π–π stacking, and Lewis acid–base interactions. It is hoped that this review can inspire a deeper consideration on this critical issue, which can pave new pathway to improve ionic conductivity and high‐voltage performance of SPEs.","author":[{"family":"Zhou","given":"Qian"},{"family":"Ma","given":"Jun"},{"family":"Dong","given":"Shanmu"},{"family":"Li","given":"Xianfeng"},{"family":"Cui","given":"Guanglei"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.1002/adma.201902029","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201902029","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2156562079","type":"article-journal","title":"Lithium-ion batteries. A look into the future","abstract":"A critical overview of the latest developments in the lithium ion batteries technology is reported. We first describe the evolution in the electrolyte area with particular attention to ionic liquids, discussing the expected application of these room temperature molten salts and listing the issues that still prevent their practical implementation. The attention is then focused on the electrode materials presently considered the most promising for enhancing the energy density of the batteries. At the anode side a discussion is provided on the status of development of high capacity tin and silicon lithium alloys. We show that the morphology that is the most likely to ensure commercial exploitation of these alloy electrodes is that involving carbon-based nanocomposites. We finally touch on super-high-capacity batteries, discussing the key cases of lithium-sulfur and lithium-air and attempting to forecast their chances to eventually reach the status of practically appealing energy storage systems. We conclude with a brief reflection on the amount of lithium reserves in view of its large use in the case of global conversion from gasoline-powered cars to hybrid and electric cars.","author":[{"family":"Scrosati","given":"Bruno"},{"family":"Hassoun","given":"Jusef"},{"family":"Sun","given":"Yang‐kook"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"DOI":"10.1039/c1ee01388b","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c1ee01388b","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2015693422","type":"article-journal","title":"Lithium−Air Battery: Promise and Challenges","abstract":"The lithium−air system captured worldwide attention in 2009 as a possible battery for electric vehicle propulsion applications. If successfully developed, this battery could provide an energy source for electric vehicles rivaling that of gasoline in terms of usable energy density. However, there are numerous scientific and technical challenges that must be overcome if this alluring promise is to turn into reality. The fundamental battery chemistry during discharge is thought to be the electrochemical oxidation of lithium metal at the anode and reduction of oxygen from air at the cathode. With aprotic electrolytes, as used in Li-ion batteries, there is some evidence that the process can be reversed by applying an external potential, i.e., that such a battery can be electrically recharged. This paper summarizes the authors’ view of the promise and challenges facing development of practical Li−air batteries and the current understanding of its chemistry. However, it must be appreciated that this perspective represents only a snapshot in a very rapidly evolving picture.","author":[{"family":"Girishkumar","given":"G"},{"family":"Mccloskey","given":"Bryan"},{"family":"Luntz","given":"AC"},{"family":"Swanson","given":"Sally"},{"family":"Wilcke","given":"WW"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010]]},"DOI":"10.1021/jz1005384","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/jz1005384","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2115010843","type":"article-journal","title":"Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Potential Alternatives to Current Lithium‐Ion Batteries","abstract":"Abstract Lithium (Li)‐ion batteries (LIB) have governed the current worldwide rechargeable battery market due to their outstanding energy and power capability. In particular, the LIB's role in enabling electric vehicles (EVs) has been highlighted to replace the current oil‐driven vehicles in order to reduce the usage of oil resources and generation of CO 2 gases. Unlike Li, sodium is one of the more abundant elements on Earth and exhibits similar chemical properties to Li, indicating that Na chemistry could be applied to a similar battery system. In the 1970s‐80s, both Na‐ion and Li‐ion electrodes were investigated, but the higher energy density of Li‐ion cells made them more applicable to small, portable electronic devices, and research efforts for rechargeable batteries have been mainly concentrated on LIB since then. Recently, research interest in Na‐ion batteries (NIB) has been resurrected, driven by new applications with requirements different from those in portable electronics, and to address the concern on Li abundance. In this article, both negative and positive electrode materials in NIB are briefly reviewed. While the voltage is generally lower and the volume change upon Na removal or insertion is larger for Na‐intercalation electrodes, compared to their Li equivalents, the power capability can vary depending on the crystal structures. It is concluded that cost‐effective NIB can partially replace LIB, but requires further investigation and improvement.","author":[{"family":"Kim","given":"Sung‐wook"},{"family":"Seo","given":"Dong‐hwa"},{"family":"Ma","given":"Xiaohua"},{"family":"Ceder","given":"Gerbrand"},{"family":"Kang","given":"Kisuk"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"DOI":"10.1002/aenm.201200026","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201200026","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W1999957941","type":"article-journal","title":"Hierarchically Structured Sulfur/Carbon Nanocomposite Material for High-Energy Lithium Battery","abstract":"We report herein a hierarchically structured sulfur−carbon (S/C) nanocomposite material as the high surface-area cathode for rechargeable lithium batteries. A porous carbon with a uniform distribution of mesopores of 7.3 nm has been synthesized through a soft-template synthesis method. The potassium hydroxide activation of this mesoporous carbon results in a bimodal porous carbon with added microporosity of less than 2 nm to the existing mesopores without deterioration of the integrity of the original mesoporous carbon. Elemental sulfur has been loaded to the micropores through a solution infiltration method. The resulted S/C composites with various loading level of sulfur have a high surface areas and large internal porosities. These materials have been tested as novel cathodes for Li/S batteries. The results show that the cyclability and the utilization of sulfur in the Li/S batteries have been significantly improved. The large internal porosity and surface area of the micromesoporous carbon is essential for the high utilization of sulfur.","author":[{"family":"Liang","given":"Chengdu"},{"family":"Dudney","given":"Nancy"},{"family":"Howe","given":"Jane"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"DOI":"10.1021/cm902050j","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/cm902050j","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2476116270","type":"article-journal","title":"Designing high-energy lithium–sulfur batteries","abstract":"Due to their high energy density and low material cost, lithium-sulfur batteries represent a promising energy storage system for a multitude of emerging applications, ranging from stationary grid storage to mobile electric vehicles. This review aims to summarize major developments in the field of lithium-sulfur batteries, starting from an overview of their electrochemistry, technical challenges and potential solutions, along with some theoretical calculation results to advance our understanding of the material interactions involved. Next, we examine the most extensively-used design strategy: encapsulation of sulfur cathodes in carbon host materials. Other emerging host materials, such as polymeric and inorganic materials, are discussed as well. This is followed by a survey of novel battery configurations, including the use of lithium sulfide cathodes and lithium polysulfide catholytes, as well as recent burgeoning efforts in the modification of separators and protection of lithium metal anodes. Finally, we conclude with an outlook section to offer some insight on the future directions and prospects of lithium-sulfur batteries.","author":[{"family":"Seh","given":"Zhi"},{"family":"Sun","given":"Yongming"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Qianfan"},{"family":"Cui","given":"Yi"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"DOI":"10.1039/c5cs00410a","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c5cs00410a","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2886146861","type":"article-journal","title":"Sulfide Solid Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications","abstract":"Abstract The use of solid electrolytes is a promising direction to improve the energy density of lithium‐ion batteries. However, the low ionic conductivity of many solid electrolytes currently hinders the performance of solid‐state batteries. Sulfide solid electrolytes can be processed in a number of forms (glass, glass‐ceramic, and crystalline) and have a wide range of available chemistries. Crystalline sulfide materials demonstrate ionic conductivity on par with those of liquid electrolytes through the utilization of near ideal conduction pathways. Low‐temperature processing is also possible for these materials due to their favorable mechanical properties. The main drawback of sulfide solid electrolytes remains their electrochemical stability, but this can be addressed through compositional tuning or the use of artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Implementation of sulfide solid electrolytes, with proper treatment for stability, can lead to substantial improvements in solid‐state battery performance leading to significant advancement in electric vehicle technology.","author":[{"family":"Lau","given":"Jonathan"},{"family":"Deblock","given":"Ryan"},{"family":"Butts","given":"Danielle"},{"family":"Ashby","given":"David"},{"family":"Choi","given":"Christopher"},{"family":"Dunn","given":"Bruce"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.1002/aenm.201800933","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201800933","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2012104658","type":"article-journal","title":"Nanocarbon Networks for Advanced Rechargeable Lithium Batteries","abstract":"Carbon is one of the essential elements in energy storage. In rechargeable lithium batteries, researchers have considered many types of nanostructured carbons, such as carbon nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and nanoporous carbon, as anode materials and, especially, as key components for building advanced composite electrode materials. Nanocarbons can form efficient three-dimensional conducting networks that improve the performance of electrode materials suffering from the limited kinetics of lithium storage. Although the porous structure guarantees a fast migration of Li ions, the nanocarbon network can serve as an effective matrix for dispersing the active materials to prevent them from agglomerating. The nanocarbon network also affords an efficient electron pathway to provide better electrical contacts. Because of their structural stability and flexibility, nanocarbon networks can alleviate the stress and volume changes that occur in active materials during the Li insertion/extraction process. Through the elegant design of hierarchical electrode materials with nanocarbon networks, researchers can improve both the kinetic performance and the structural stability of the electrode material, which leads to optimal battery capacity, cycling stability, and rate capability. This Account summarizes recent progress in the structural design, chemical synthesis, and characterization of the electrochemical properties of nanocarbon networks for Li-ion batteries. In such systems, storage occurs primarily in the non-carbon components, while carbon acts as the conductor and as the structural buffer. We emphasize representative nanocarbon networks including those that use carbon nanotubes and graphene. We discuss the role of carbon in enhancing the performance of various electrode materials in areas such as Li storage, Li ion and electron transport, and structural stability during cycling. We especially highlight the use of graphene to construct the carbon conducting network for alloy anodes, such as Si and Ge, to accelerate electron transport, alleviate volume change, and prevent the agglomeration of active nanoparticles. Finally, we describe the power of nanocarbon networks for the next generation rechargeable lithium batteries, including Li-S, Li-O(2), and Li-organic batteries, and provide insights into the design of ideal nanocarbon networks for these devices. In addition, we address the ways in which nanocarbon networks can expand the applications of rechargeable lithium batteries into the emerging fields of stationary energy storage and transportation.","author":[{"family":"Xin","given":"Sen"},{"family":"Guo","given":"Yu‐guo"},{"family":"Wan","given":"Li"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"DOI":"10.1021/ar300094m","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ar300094m","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W1974789788","type":"article-journal","title":"Challenges and Prospects of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries","abstract":"Electrical energy storage is one of the most critical needs of 21st century society. Applications that depend on electrical energy storage include portable electronics, electric vehicles, and devices for renewable energy storage from solar and wind. Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries have the highest energy density among the rechargeable battery chemistries. As a result, Li-ion batteries have proven successful in the portable electronics market and will play a significant role in large-scale energy storage. Over the past two decades, Li-ion batteries based on insertion cathodes have reached a cathode capacity of ∼250 mA h g(-1) and an energy density of ∼800 W h kg(-1), which do not meet the requirement of ∼500 km between charges for all-electric vehicles. With a goal of increasing energy density, researchers are pursuing alternative cathode materials such as sulfur and O2 that can offer capacities that exceed those of conventional insertion cathodes, such as LiCoO2 and LiMn2O4, by an order of magnitude (>1500 mA h g(-1)). Sulfur, one of the most abundant elements on earth, is an electrochemically active material that can accept up to two electrons per atom at ∼2.1 V vs Li/Li(+). As a result, sulfur cathode materials have a high theoretical capacity of 1675 mA h g(-1), and lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have a theoretical energy density of ∼2600 W h kg(-1). Unlike conventional insertion cathode materials, sulfur undergoes a series of compositional and structural changes during cycling, which involve soluble polysulfides and insoluble sulfides. As a result, researchers have struggled with the maintenance of a stable electrode structure, full utilization of the active material, and sufficient cycle life with good system efficiency. Although researchers have made significant progress on rechargeable Li-S batteries in the last decade, these cycle life and efficiency problems prevent their use in commercial cells. To overcome these persistent problems, researchers will need new sulfur composite cathodes with favorable properties and performance and new Li-S cell configurations. In this Account, we first focus on the development of novel composite cathode materials including sulfur-carbon and sulfur-polymer composites, describing the design principles, structure and properties, and electrochemical performances of these new materials. We then cover new cell configurations with carbon interlayers and Li/dissolved polysulfide cells, emphasizing the potential of these approaches to advance capacity retention and system efficiency. Finally, we provide a brief survey of efficient electrolytes. The Account summarizes improvements that could bring Li-S technology closer to mass commercialization.","author":[{"family":"Manthiram","given":"Arumugam"},{"family":"Fu","given":"Yongzhu"},{"family":"Su","given":"Yu‐sheng"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"DOI":"10.1021/ar300179v","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ar300179v","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2048590072","type":"article-journal","title":"Sulfide Solid Electrolyte with Favorable Mechanical Property for All-Solid-State Lithium Battery","abstract":"All-solid-state secondary batteries that employ inorganic solid electrolytes are desirable because they are potentially safer than conventional batteries. The ionic conductivities of solid electrolytes are currently attracting great attention. In addition to the conductivity, the mechanical properties of solid electrolytes are important for improving the energy density and cycle performance. However, the mechanical properties of sulfide electrolytes have not been clarified in detail. Here, we demonstrate the unique mechanical properties of sulfide electrolytes. Sulfide electrolytes show room temperature pressure sintering. Ionic materials with low bond energies and a highly covalent character, which is promising for achieving a high ionic conductivity, tend to be suitable for room-temperature processing. The Young's moduli of sulfide electrolytes were measured to be about 20 GPa, which is an intermediate value between those of typical oxides and organic polymers.","author":[{"family":"Sakuda","given":"Atsushi"},{"family":"Hayashi","given":"Akitoshi"},{"family":"Tatsumisago","given":"Masahiro"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"DOI":"10.1038/srep02261","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep02261","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2752584414","type":"article-journal","title":"Recent advances in solid polymer electrolytes for lithium batteries","abstract":"Solid polymer electrolytes are light-weight, flexible, and non-flammable and provide a feasible solution to the safety issues facing lithium-ion batteries through the replacement of organic liquid electrolytes. Substantial research efforts have been devoted to achieving the next generation of solid-state polymer lithium batteries. Herein, we provide a review of the development of solid polymer electrolytes and provide comprehensive insights into emerging developments. In particular, we discuss the different molecular structures of the solid polymer matrices, including polyether, polyester, polyacrylonitrile, and polysiloxane, and their interfacial compatibility with lithium, as well as the factors that govern the properties of the polymer electrolytes. The discussion aims to give perspective to allow the strategic design of state-of-the-art solid polymer electrolytes, and we hope it will provide clear guidance for the exploration of high-performance lithium batteries.","author":[{"family":"Zhang","given":"Qingqing"},{"family":"Liu","given":"Kai"},{"family":"Ding","given":"Fei"},{"family":"Liu","given":"Xingjiang"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"DOI":"10.1007/s12274-017-1763-4","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-017-1763-4","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2436341552","type":"article-journal","title":"Flexible, solid-state, ion-conducting membrane with 3D garnet nanofiber networks for lithium batteries","abstract":"Beyond state-of-the-art lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology with metallic lithium anodes to replace conventional ion intercalation anode materials is highly desirable because of lithium's highest specific capacity (3,860 mA/g) and lowest negative electrochemical potential (∼3.040 V vs. the standard hydrogen electrode). In this work, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, a 3D lithium-ion-conducting ceramic network based on garnet-type Li6.4La3Zr2Al0.2O12 (LLZO) lithium-ion conductor to provide continuous Li(+) transfer channels in a polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based composite. This composite structure further provides structural reinforcement to enhance the mechanical properties of the polymer matrix. The flexible solid-state electrolyte composite membrane exhibited an ionic conductivity of 2.5 × 10(-4) S/cm at room temperature. The membrane can effectively block dendrites in a symmetric Li | electrolyte | Li cell during repeated lithium stripping/plating at room temperature, with a current density of 0.2 mA/cm(2) for around 500 h and a current density of 0.5 mA/cm(2) for over 300 h. These results provide an all solid ion-conducting membrane that can be applied to flexible LIBs and other electrochemical energy storage systems, such as lithium-sulfur batteries.","author":[{"family":"Fu","given":"Kun"},{"family":"Gong","given":"Yunhui"},{"family":"Dai","given":"Jiaqi"},{"family":"Gong","given":"Amy"},{"family":"Han","given":"Xiaogang"},{"family":"Yao","given":"Yonggang"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Chengwei"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Yibo"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Yanan"},{"family":"Yan","given":"Chaoyi"},{"family":"Li","given":"Yiju"},{"family":"Wachsman","given":"Eric"},{"family":"Hu","given":"Liangbing"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"DOI":"10.1073/pnas.1600422113","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1600422113","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2125658152","type":"article-journal","title":"Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: Electrochemistry, Materials, and Prospects","abstract":"With the increasing demand for efficient and economic energy storage, Li-S batteries have become attractive candidates for the next-generation high-energy rechargeable Li batteries because of their high theoretical energy density and cost effectiveness. Starting from a brief history of Li-S batteries, this Review introduces the electrochemistry of Li-S batteries, and discusses issues resulting from the electrochemistry, such as the electroactivity and the polysulfide dissolution. To address these critical issues, recent advances in Li-S batteries are summarized, including the S cathode, Li anode, electrolyte, and new designs of Li-S batteries with a metallic Li-free anode. Constructing S molecules confined in the conductive microporous carbon materials to improve the cyclability of Li-S batteries serves as a prospective strategy for the industry in the future.","author":[{"family":"Yin","given":"Ya‐xia"},{"family":"Xin","given":"Sen"},{"family":"Guo","given":"Yu‐guo"},{"family":"Wan","given":"Li‐jun"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"DOI":"10.1002/anie.201304762","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201304762","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2061880688","type":"article-journal","title":"Materials Science and Materials Chemistry for Large Scale Electrochemical Energy Storage: From Transportation to Electrical Grid","abstract":"Abstract Large‐scale electrical energy storage has become more important than ever for reducing fossil energy consumption in transportation and for the widespread deployment of intermittent renewable energy in electric grid. However, significant challenges exist for its applications. Here, the status and challenges are reviewed from the perspective of materials science and materials chemistry in electrochemical energy storage technologies, such as Li‐ion batteries, sodium (sulfur and metal halide) batteries, Pb‐acid battery, redox flow batteries, and supercapacitors. Perspectives and approaches are introduced for emerging battery designs and new chemistry combinations to reduce the cost of energy storage devices.","author":[{"family":"Liu","given":"Jun"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Ji‐guang"},{"family":"Yang","given":"Zhenguo"},{"family":"Lemmon","given":"John"},{"family":"Imhoff","given":"Carl"},{"family":"Graff","given":"Gordon"},{"family":"Li","given":"Liyu"},{"family":"Hu","given":"Jian"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Chongmin"},{"family":"Xiao","given":"Jie"},{"family":"Xia","given":"Gordon"},{"family":"Viswanathan","given":"Vilayanur"},{"family":"Baskaran","given":"Suresh"},{"family":"Sprenkle","given":"Vincent"},{"family":"Li","given":"Xiaolin"},{"family":"Shao","given":"Yuyan"},{"family":"Schwenzer","given":"Birgit"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"DOI":"10.1002/adfm.201200690","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201200690","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2110014245","type":"article-journal","title":"A high-efficiency grid-tie battery energy storage system","abstract":"Lithium-ion-based battery energy storage system has started to become the most popular form of energy storage system for its high charge and discharge efficiency and high energy density. This paper proposes a high-efficiency grid-tie lithium-ion-battery-based energy storage system, which consists of a LiFePO4-battery-based energy storage and a high-efficiency bidirectional ac-dc converter. The battery management system estimates the state of charge and state of health of each battery cell and applies active charge equalization to balance the charge of all the cells in the pack. The bidirectional ac-dc converter works as the interface between the battery pack and the ac grid. A highly efficient opposed-current half-bridge-type inverter along with an admittance-compensated quasi-proportional resonant controller is adopted to ensure high power quality and precision power flow control. A 1-kW prototype has been designed and implemented to validate the proposed architecture and system performance.","author":[{"family":"Qian","given":"Hao"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Jianhui"},{"family":"Lai","given":"Jih‐sheng"},{"family":"Yu","given":"Wensong"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010]]},"DOI":"10.1109/tpel.2010.2096562","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2010.2096562","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2338338790","type":"article-journal","title":"Sizing of an Energy Storage System for Grid Inertial Response and Primary Frequency Reserve","abstract":"Large-scale integration of renewable energy sources in power system leads to the replacement of conventional power plants (CPPs) and consequently challenges in power system reliability and security are introduced. This study is focused on improving the grid frequency response after a contingency event in the power system with a high penetration of wind power. An energy storage system (ESS) might be a viable solution for providing inertial response and primary frequency regulation. A methodology has been presented here for the sizing of the ESS in terms of required power and energy. It describes the contribution of the ESS to the grid, in terms of inertial constant and droop. The methodology is applied to a 12-bus grid model with high wind power penetration. The estimated ESS size for inertial response and primary frequency regulation services are validated through real-time simulations. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the ESS can provide the response similar to that provided by the CPPs.","author":[{"family":"Knap","given":"Václav"},{"family":"Chaudhary","given":"Sanjay"},{"family":"Stroe","given":"Daniel‐ioan"},{"family":"Świerczyński","given":"Maciej"},{"family":"Crăciun","given":"Bogdan"},{"family":"Teodorescu","given":"Remus"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"DOI":"10.1109/tpwrs.2015.2503565","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2015.2503565","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2055245423","type":"article-journal","title":"Dynamic Energy Management of Renewable Grid Integrated Hybrid Energy Storage System","abstract":"In this paper, a unified energy management scheme is proposed for renewable grid integrated systems with battery-supercapacitor hybrid storage. The intermittent nature of renewable-energy resources (RES), coupled with the unpredictable changes in the load, demands high-power and high-energy-density storage systems to coexist in today's microgrid environment. The proposed scheme dynamically changes the modes of renewable integrated systems based on the availability of RES power and changes in load as well. The participation of battery-supercapacitor storage to handle sudden/average changes in power surges results in fast dc link voltage regulation, effective energy management, and reduced current stress on battery. In addition, the proposed energy management scheme enables the real power transfer along with ancillary services such as current harmonic mitigation, reactive power support, and power factor improvement at the point of common coupling. The proposed scheme is validated through both simulation and experimental studies.","author":[{"family":"Tummuru","given":"Narsa"},{"family":"Mishra","given":"Mahesh"},{"family":"Srinivas","given":"S"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"DOI":"10.1109/tie.2015.2455063","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2015.2455063","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2299899083","type":"article-journal","title":"Aqueous batteries as grid scale energy storage solutions","abstract":"Energy storage technologies are required to make full use of renewable energy sources, and electrochemical cells offer a great deal flexibility in the design of energy systems. For large scale electrochemical storage to be viable, the materials employed and device production methods need to be low cost, devices should be long lasting and safety during operation is of utmost importance. Energy and power densities are of lesser concern. For these reasons, battery chemistries that make use of aqueous electrolytes are favorable candidates where large quantities of energy need to be stored. Herein we describe several different aqueous based battery chemistries and identify some of the research challenges currently hindering their wider adoption. Lead acid batteries represent a mature technology that currently dominates the battery market, however there remain challenges that may prevent their future use at the large scale. Nickel–iron batteries have received a resurgence of interest of late and are known for their long cycle lives and robust nature however improvements in efficiency are needed in order to make them competitive. Other technologies that use aqueous electrolytes and have the potential to be useful in future large-scale applications are briefly introduced. Recent investigations in to the design of nickel–iron cells are reported with it being shown that electrolyte decomposition can be virtually eliminated by employing relatively large concentrations of iron sulfide in the electrode mixture, however this is at the expense of capacity and cycle life.","author":[{"family":"Posada","given":"Jorge"},{"family":"Rennie","given":"Anthony"},{"family":"Villar","given":"Sofia"},{"family":"Martins","given":"Vitor"},{"family":"Marinaccio","given":"Jordan"},{"family":"Barnes","given":"Alistair"},{"family":"Glover","given":"Carol"},{"family":"Worsley","given":"David"},{"family":"Hall","given":"Peter"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.rser.2016.02.024","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.02.024","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2135020035","type":"article-journal","title":"Optimal Allocation of Dispersed Energy Storage Systems in Active Distribution Networks for Energy Balance and Grid Support","abstract":"Dispersed storage systems (DSSs) can represent an important near-term solution for supporting the operation and control of active distribution networks (ADNs). Indeed, they have the capability to support ADNs by providing ancillary services in addition to energy balance capabilities. Within this context, this paper focuses on the optimal allocation of DSSs in ADNs by defining a multi-objective optimization problem aiming at finding the optimal trade-off between technical and economical goals. In particular, the proposed procedure accounts for: network voltage deviations; feeders/lines congestions; network losses; cost of supplying loads (from external grid or local producers) together with the cost of DSS investment/maintenance; load curtailment; and stochasticity of loads and renewables productions. The DSSs are suitably modeled to consider their ability to support the network by both active and reactive powers. A convex formulation of ac optimal power flow problem is used to define a mixed integer second-order cone programming problem to optimally site and size the DSSs in the network. A test case referring to IEEE 34 bus distribution test feeder is used to demonstrate and discuss the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.","author":[{"family":"Nick","given":"Mostafa"},{"family":"Cherkaoui","given":"Rachid"},{"family":"Paolone","given":"Mario"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"DOI":"10.1109/tpwrs.2014.2302020","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2014.2302020","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2021403769","type":"article-journal","title":"Na-ion batteries, recent advances and present challenges to become low cost energy storage systems","abstract":"Energy production and storage have become key issues concerning our welfare in daily life. Present challenges for batteries are twofold. In the first place, the increasing demand for powering systems of portable electronic devices and zero-emission vehicles stimulates research towards high energy and high voltage systems. In the second place, low cost batteries are required in order to advance towards smart electric grids that integrate discontinuous energy flow from renewable sources, optimizing the performance of clean energy sources. Na-ion batteries can be the key for the second point, because of the huge availability of sodium, its low price and the similarity of both Li and Na insertion chemistries. In spite of the lower energy density and voltage of Na-ion based technologies, they can be focused on applications where the weight and footprint requirement is less drastic, such as electrical grid storage. Much work has to be done in the field of Na-ion in order to catch up with Li-ion technology. Cathodic and anodic materials must be optimized, and new electrolytes will be the key point for Na-ion success. This review will gather the up-to-date knowledge about Na-ion battery materials, with the aim of providing a wide view of the systems that have already been explored and a starting point for the new research on this battery technology.","author":[{"family":"Palomares","given":"Verónica"},{"family":"Serras","given":"Paula"},{"family":"Villaluenga","given":"Irune"},{"family":"Hueso","given":"Karina"},{"family":"Carreterogonzález","given":"Javier"},{"family":"Rojo","given":"Teófilo"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"DOI":"10.1039/c2ee02781j","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ee02781j","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2017073201","type":"article-journal","title":"Optimal Integration of Distributed Energy Storage Devices in Smart Grids","abstract":"Energy storage is traditionally well established in the form of large scale pumped-hydro systems, but nowadays is finding increased attraction in medium and smaller scale systems. Such expansion is entirely complementary to the forecasted wider integration of intermittent renewable resources in future electrical distribution systems (Smart Grids). This paper is intended to offer a useful tool for analyzing potential advantages of distributed energy storages in Smart Grids with reference to both different possible conceivable regulatory schemes and services to be provided. The Smart Grid Operator is assumed to have the ownership and operation of the energy storage systems, and a new cost-based optimization strategy for their optimal placement, sizing and control is proposed. The need to quantify benefits of both the Smart Grid where the energy storage devices are included and the external interconnected grid is explored. Numerical applications to a Medium Voltage test Smart Grid show the advantages of using storage systems related to different options in terms of incentives and services to be provided.","author":[{"family":"Carpinelli","given":"G"},{"family":"Celli","given":"Gianni"},{"family":"Mocci","given":"Susanna"},{"family":"Mottola","given":"Fabio"},{"family":"Pilo","given":"Fabrizio"},{"family":"Proto","given":"Daniela"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"DOI":"10.1109/tsg.2012.2231100","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2012.2231100","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2912300636","type":"article-journal","title":"Flexible electricity generation, grid exchange and storage for the transition to a 100% renewable energy system in Europe","abstract":"Two transition pathways towards a 100% renewable energy (RE) power sector by 2050 are simulated for Europe using the LUT Energy System Transition model. The first is a Regions scenario, whereby regions are modelled independently, and the second is an Area scenario, which has transmission interconnections between regions. Modelling is performed in hourly resolution for 5-year time intervals, from 2015 to 2050, and considers current capacities and ages of power plants, as well as projected increases in future electricity demands. Results of the optimisation suggest that the levelised cost of electricity could fall from the current 69 €/MWh to 56 €/MWh in the Regions scenario and 51 €/MWh in the Area scenario through the adoption of low cost, flexible RE generation and energy storage. Further savings can result from increasing transmission interconnections by a factor of approximately four. This suggests that there is merit in further development of a European Energy Union, one that provides clear governance at a European level, but allows for development that is appropriate for regional contexts. This is the essence of a SuperSmart approach. A 100% RE energy system for Europe is economically competitive, technologically feasible, and consistent with targets of the Paris Agreement.","author":[{"family":"Child","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Kemfert","given":"Claudia"},{"family":"Bogdanov","given":"Dmitrii"},{"family":"Breyer","given":"Christian"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.renene.2019.02.077","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.02.077","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2104814752","type":"article-journal","title":"Room-temperature stationary sodium-ion batteries for large-scale electric energy storage","abstract":"Room-temperature stationary sodium-ion batteries have attracted great attention particularly in large-scale electric energy storage applications for renewable energy and smart grid because of the huge abundant sodium resources and low cost. In this article, a variety of electrode materials including cathodes and anodes as well as electrolytes for room-temperature stationary sodium-ion batteries are briefly reviewed. We compare the difference in storage behavior between Na and Li in their analogous electrodes and summarize the sodium storage mechanisms in the available electrode materials. This review also includes some new results from our group and our thoughts on developing new materials. Some perspectives and directions on designing better materials for practical applications are pointed out based on knowledge from the literature and our experience. Through this extensive literature review, the search for suitable electrode and electrolyte materials for stationary sodium-ion batteries is still challenging. However, after intensive research efforts, we believe that low-cost, long-life and room-temperature sodium-ion batteries would be promising for applications in large-scale energy storage system in the near future.","author":[{"family":"Pan","given":"Huilin"},{"family":"Hu","given":"Yong‐sheng"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Liquan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"DOI":"10.1039/c3ee40847g","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ee40847g","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2031883986","type":"article-journal","title":"Building Integrated Photovoltaic System With Energy Storage and Smart Grid Communication","abstract":"The utility grid challenge is to meet the current growing energy demand. One solution to this problem is to expand the role of microgrids that interact with the utility grid and operate independently in case of a limited availability during peak time or outage. This paper proposes, for urban areas, a building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) primarily for self-feeding of buildings equipped with PV array and storage. With an aim of elimination of multiple energy conversions, a DC network distribution is considered. The BIPV can supply a tertiary building at the same time as PV array may produce power through a hierarchical supervision able to exchange messages with the smart grid and metadata. The hierarchical control is designed as an interface to expand the system ability for advanced energy management control having regard to the grid availability and user's commands. It consists of four layers: human-machine interface, prediction, cost management, and operation. The operation layer, implemented in an experimental platform, takes into account the grid supply power limits and constrains the DC load. The experimental results validate the approach that may be a solution for the future smart grid communication between BIPV and utility grid.","author":[{"family":"Sechilariu","given":"Manuela"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Baochao"},{"family":"Locment","given":"Fabrice"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"DOI":"10.1109/tie.2012.2222852","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2012.2222852","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2466522000","type":"article-journal","title":"A Review of Power Electronics for Grid Connection of Utility-Scale Battery Energy Storage Systems","abstract":"The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) poses a major challenge to the operation of the electricity grid owing to the intermittent nature of their power output. The ability of utility-scale battery energy storage systems (BESS) to provide grid support and smooth the output of RES in combination with their decrease in cost has fueled research interest in this technology over the last couple of years. Power electronics (PE) is the key enabling technology for connecting utility-scale BESS to the medium-voltage grid. PE ensure energy is delivered while complying with grid codes and dispatch orders. Simultaneously, the PE must regulate the operating point of the batteries, thus for instance preventing overcharge of batteries. This paper presents a comprehensive review of PE topologies for utility BESS that have been proposed either within industry or the academic literature. Moreover, a comparison of the presently most commercially viable topologies is conducted in terms of estimated power conversion efficiency and relative cost.","author":[{"family":"Wang","given":"Guishi"},{"family":"Konstantinou","given":"Georgios"},{"family":"Townsend","given":"Christopher"},{"family":"Pou","given":"Josep"},{"family":"Vázquez","given":"Sergio"},{"family":"Demetriades","given":"Georgios"},{"family":"Agelidis","given":"Vassilios"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"DOI":"10.1109/tste.2016.2586941","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tste.2016.2586941","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2162677524","type":"article-journal","title":"Pseudocapacitive oxide materials for high-rate electrochemical energy storage","abstract":"Electrochemical energy storage technology is based on devices capable of exhibiting high energy density (batteries) or high power density (electrochemical capacitors). There is a growing need, for current and near-future applications, where both high energy and high power densities are required in the same material. Pseudocapacitance, a faradaic process involving surface or near surface redox reactions, offers a means of achieving high energy density at high charge–discharge rates. Here, we focus on the pseudocapacitive properties of transition metal oxides. First, we introduce pseudocapacitance and describe its electrochemical features. Then, we review the most relevant pseudocapacitive materials in aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes. The major challenges for pseudocapacitive materials along with a future outlook are detailed at the end.","author":[{"family":"Augustyn","given":"Veronica"},{"family":"Simon","given":"Patrice"},{"family":"Dunn","given":"Bruce"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"DOI":"10.1039/c3ee44164d","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ee44164d","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2162142257","type":"article-journal","title":"Challenges in integrating distributed Energy storage systems into future smart grid","abstract":"Distributed energy storage systems in combination with advanced power electronics have a great technical role to play and will have a huge impact on future electrical supply systems and lead to many financial benefits. So far, when Energy storage systems (ESSs) are integrated into conventional electric grids, special designed topologies and/or control for almost each particular case is required. This means costly design and debugging time of each individual component/control system every time the utility decides to add an energy storage system. However, our present and future power network situation requires extra flexibility in the integration more than ever. Mainly for small and medium storage systems in both (customers and suppliers) side as the storage moves from central generation to distributed one (including intelligent control and advanced power electronics conversion systems). Nevertheless, storage devices, standardized architectures and techniques for distributed intelligence and smart power systems as well as planning tools and models to aid the integration of energy storage systems are still lagging behind.","author":[{"family":"Mohd","given":"Alaa"},{"family":"Ortjohann","given":"E"},{"family":"Schmelter","given":"A"},{"family":"Hamsic","given":"N"},{"family":"Morton","given":"D"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008]]},"DOI":"10.1109/isie.2008.4676896","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isie.2008.4676896","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2990494401","type":"article-journal","title":"Energy storage: The future enabled by nanomaterials","abstract":"Lithium-ion batteries, which power portable electronics, electric vehicles, and stationary storage, have been recognized with the 2019 Nobel Prize in chemistry. The development of nanomaterials and their related processing into electrodes and devices can improve the performance and/or development of the existing energy storage systems. We provide a perspective on recent progress in the application of nanomaterials in energy storage devices, such as supercapacitors and batteries. The versatility of nanomaterials can lead to power sources for portable, flexible, foldable, and distributable electronics; electric transportation; and grid-scale storage, as well as integration in living environments and biomedical systems. To overcome limitations of nanomaterials related to high reactivity and chemical instability caused by their high surface area, nanoparticles with different functionalities should be combined in smart architectures on nano- and microscales. The integration of nanomaterials into functional architectures and devices requires the development of advanced manufacturing approaches. We discuss successful strategies and outline a roadmap for the exploitation of nanomaterials for enabling future energy storage applications, such as powering distributed sensor networks and flexible and wearable electronics.","author":[{"family":"Pomerantseva","given":"Ekaterina"},{"family":"Bonaccorso","given":"Francesco"},{"family":"Feng","given":"Xinliang"},{"family":"Cui","given":"Yi"},{"family":"Gogotsi","given":"Yury"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.1126/science.aan8285","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aan8285","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2211194997","type":"article-journal","title":"Energy Storage Sharing in Smart Grid: A Modified Auction-Based Approach","abstract":"This paper studies the solution of joint energy storage (ES) ownership sharing between multiple shared facility controllers (SFCs) and those dwelling in a residential community. The main objective is to enable the residential units (RUs) to decide on the fraction of their ES capacity that they want to share with the SFCs of the community in order to assist them in storing electricity, e.g., for fulfilling the demand of various shared facilities. To this end, a modified auction-based mechanism is designed that captures the interaction between the SFCs and the RUs so as to determine the auction price and the allocation of ES shared by the RUs that governs the proposed joint ES ownership. The fraction of the capacity of the storage that each RU decides to put into the market to share with the SFCs and the auction price are determined by a noncooperative Stackelberg game formulated between the RUs and the auctioneer. It is shown that the proposed auction possesses the incentive compatibility and the individual rationality properties, which are leveraged via the unique Stackelberg equilibrium solution of the game. Numerical experiments are provided to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.","author":[{"family":"Tushar","given":"Wayes"},{"family":"Chai","given":"Bo"},{"family":"Yuen","given":"Chau"},{"family":"Huang","given":"Shisheng"},{"family":"Smith","given":"David"},{"family":"Poor","given":"HV"},{"family":"Yang","given":"Zaiyue"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"DOI":"10.1109/tsg.2015.2512267","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2015.2512267","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2078286093","type":"article-journal","title":"Flowable Conducting Particle Networks in Redox-Active Electrolytes for Grid Energy Storage","abstract":"This study reports a new hybrid approach toward achieving high volumetric energy and power densities in an electrochemical flow capacitor for grid energy storage. The electrochemical flow capacitor suffers from high self-discharge and low energy density because charge storage is limited to the available surface area (electric double layer charge storage). Here, we examine two carbon materials as conducting particles in a flow battery electrolyte containing the VO 2+ /VO 2 + redox couple. Highly porous activated carbon spheres (CSs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are investigated as conducting particle networks that facilitate both faradaic and electric double layer charge storage. Charge storage contributions (electric double layer and faradaic) are distinguished for flow-electrodes composed of MWCNTs and activated CSs. A MWCNT flow-electrode based in a redox-active electrolyte containing the VO 2+ /VO 2 + redox couple demonstrates 18% less self-discharge, 10 X more energy density, and 20 X greater power densities (at 20 mV s −1 ) than one based on a non-redox active electrolyte. Furthermore, a MWCNT redox-active flow electrode demonstrates 80% capacitance retention, and >95% coulombic efficiency over 100 cycles, indicating the feasibility of utilizing conducting networks with redox chemistries for grid energy storage.","author":[{"family":"Hatzell","given":"Kelsey"},{"family":"Boota","given":"Muhammad"},{"family":"Kumbur","given":"Emin"},{"family":"Gogotsi","given":"Yury"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"DOI":"10.1149/2.0011505jes","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0011505jes","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2979438566","type":"article-journal","title":"Fast Frequency Response From Energy Storage Systems—A Review of Grid Standards, Projects and Technical Issues","abstract":"Electric power systems foresee challenges in stability due to the high penetration of power electronics interfaced renewable energy sources. The value of energy storage systems (ESS) to provide fast frequency response has been more and more recognized. Although the development of energy storage technologies has made ESSs technically feasible to be integrated in larger scale with required performance, the policies, grid codes and economic issues are still presenting barriers for wider application and investment. Recent years, a few regions and countries have designed new services to meet the upcoming grid challenges. A number of grid-scale ESS projects are also implemented aiming to trial performance, demonstrate values, and gain experience. This paper makes a review on the above mentioned aspects, including the emerging frequency regulation services, updated grid codes and grid-scale ESS projects. Some key technical issues are also discussed and prospects are outlined.","author":[{"family":"Meng","given":"Lexuan"},{"family":"Zafar","given":"Jawwad"},{"family":"Khadem","given":"Shafi"},{"family":"Collinson","given":"Alan"},{"family":"Murchie","given":"Kyle"},{"family":"Coffele","given":"Federico"},{"family":"Burt","given":"Graeme"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.1109/tsg.2019.2940173","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2019.2940173","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2107801258","type":"article-journal","title":"The Balance of Renewable Sources and User Demands in Grids: Power Electronics for Modular Battery Energy Storage Systems","abstract":"The continuously growing amount of renewable sources starts compromising the stability of electrical grids. Contradictory to fossil fuel power plants, energy production of wind and photovoltaic (PV) energy is fluctuating. Although predictions have significantly improved, an outage of multi-MW offshore wind farms poses a challenging problem. One solution could be the integration of storage systems in the grid. After a short overview, this paper focuses on two exemplary battery storage systems, including the required power electronics. The grid integration, as well as the optimal usage of volatile energy reserves, is presented for a 5- kW PV system for home application, as well as for a 100- MW medium-voltage system, intended for wind farm usage. The efficiency and cost of topologies are investigated as a key parameter for large-scale integration of renewable power at medium- and low-voltage.","author":[{"family":"Bragard","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Soltau","given":"Nils"},{"family":"Stephan","given":"T"},{"family":"Doncker","given":"Rik"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010]]},"DOI":"10.1109/tpel.2010.2085455","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2010.2085455","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2155993716","type":"article-journal","title":"BEVs/PHEVs as Dispersed Energy Storage for V2B Uses in the Smart Grid","abstract":"Numerous recent studies have assessed the feasibility of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) mode of discharging, which provides an option to use the energy stored in a battery in electric vehicles to support the power grid. This paper aims at demonstrating the potential benefits of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) as dynamically configurable dispersed energy storage acting in a vehicle-to-building (V2B) operating mode. V2B is a concept that is practically viable today being far simpler than V2G, and it may be implemented on a 3-5 year time horizon while V2G may take 10-15 years to gain wider acceptance. Based on the battery characteristics, the benefits of using BEVs/PHEVs as energy storage for demand side management (DSM) and outage management (OM) are discussed in detail. This paper is also focused on the implementation issues of DSM and OM in the smart distribution grid. A strategy for adopting BEVs/PHEV uses in the V2B mode under the peak load and during outage condition is proposed and demonstrated with test cases and numerical results.","author":[{"family":"Pang","given":"Chengzong"},{"family":"Dutta","given":"Papiya"},{"family":"Kezunović","given":"Mladen"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"DOI":"10.1109/tsg.2011.2172228","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2011.2172228","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W1992970170","type":"article-journal","title":"An Optimal Energy Storage Control Strategy for Grid-connected Microgrids","abstract":"This paper presents an online optimal energy/power control method for the operation of energy storage in grid-connected electricity microgrids. The approach is based on a mixed-integer-linear-program optimization formulated over a rolling horizon window, considering predicted future electricity usage and renewable energy generation. Performance objectives include electricity usage cost, battery operation costs, and utility oriented goals related to the peak demand and load smoothing. A robust counterpart formulation of the optimization problem is also proposed to handle uncertainty in energy demand/generation prediction in a computationally efficient way. Further reduction in the computations is achieved by employing variable time steps and relaxing binary constraints. A series of simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of various features of the proposed energy/power management methodology in different scenarios.","author":[{"family":"Malysz","given":"Pawel"},{"family":"Sirouspour","given":"Shahin"},{"family":"Emadi","given":"Ali"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"DOI":"10.1109/tsg.2014.2302396","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2014.2302396","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2026301025","type":"article-journal","title":"Optimal energy storage control policies for the smart power grid","abstract":"Electric energy storage devices are prime candidates for demand load management in the smart power grid. In this work, we address the optimal energy storage control problem from the side of the utility operator. The operator controller receives power demand requests with different power requirements and durations that are activated immediately. The controller has access to one energy storage device of finite capacity. The objective is to devise an energy storage control policy that minimizes long-term average grid operational cost. The cost is a convex function of instantaneous power demand that is satisfied from the grid, and it reflects the fact that each additional unit of power needed to serve demands is more expensive as the demand load increases. For the online dynamic control problem, we derive a threshold-based control policy that attempts to maintain balanced power consumption from the grid at all times, in the presence of continual generation and completion of demands. The policy adaptively performs charging or discharging of the storage device. The former increases power consumption from the grid and the latter satisfies part of the grid demand from the stored energy. We prove that the policy is asymptotically optimal as the storage capacity becomes large, and we numerically show that it performs very well even for finite capacity. The off-line problem over a finite time horizon that assumes a priori known power consumption to be satisfied at all times, is formulated and solved with Dynamic Programming. Finally, we show that the model, approach and structure of the optimal policy can be extended to also account for a renewable source that feeds the storage device.","author":[{"family":"Koutsopoulos","given":"Iordanis"},{"family":"Hatzi","given":"Vassiliki"},{"family":"Tassiulas","given":"Leandros"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"DOI":"10.1109/smartgridcomm.2011.6102369","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm.2011.6102369","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W1965464747","type":"article-journal","title":"Efficient Hybrid Solar Cells Based on Meso-Superstructured Organometal Halide Perovskites","abstract":"The energy costs associated with separating tightly bound excitons (photoinduced electron-hole pairs) and extracting free charges from highly disordered low-mobility networks represent fundamental losses for many low-cost photovoltaic technologies. We report a low-cost, solution-processable solar cell, based on a highly crystalline perovskite absorber with intense visible to near-infrared absorptivity, that has a power conversion efficiency of 10.9% in a single-junction device under simulated full sunlight. This \"meso-superstructured solar cell\" exhibits exceptionally few fundamental energy losses; it can generate open-circuit photovoltages of more than 1.1 volts, despite the relatively narrow absorber band gap of 1.55 electron volts. The functionality arises from the use of mesoporous alumina as an inert scaffold that structures the absorber and forces electrons to reside in and be transported through the perovskite.","author":[{"family":"Lee","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Teuscher","given":"Joël"},{"family":"Miyasaka","given":"Tsutomu"},{"family":"Murakami","given":"Takurou"},{"family":"Snaith","given":"Henry"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"DOI":"10.1126/science.1228604","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1228604","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2621222172","type":"article-journal","title":"One-Year stable perovskite solar cells by 2D/3D interface engineering","abstract":"Abstract Despite the impressive photovoltaic performances with power conversion efficiency beyond 22%, perovskite solar cells are poorly stable under operation, failing by far the market requirements. Various technological approaches have been proposed to overcome the instability problem, which, while delivering appreciable incremental improvements, are still far from a market-proof solution. Here we show one-year stable perovskite devices by engineering an ultra-stable 2D/3D (HOOC(CH 2 ) 4 NH 3 ) 2 PbI 4 /CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite junction. The 2D/3D forms an exceptional gradually-organized multi-dimensional interface that yields up to 12.9% efficiency in a carbon-based architecture, and 14.6% in standard mesoporous solar cells. To demonstrate the up-scale potential of our technology, we fabricate 10 × 10 cm 2 solar modules by a fully printable industrial-scale process, delivering 11.2% efficiency stable for &gt;10,000 h with zero loss in performances measured under controlled standard conditions. This innovative stable and low-cost architecture will enable the timely commercialization of perovskite solar cells.","author":[{"family":"Grancini","given":"Giulia"},{"family":"Roldáncarmona","given":"Cristina"},{"family":"Zimmermann","given":"Iwan"},{"family":"Mosconi","given":"Edoardo"},{"family":"Lee","given":"Xin"},{"family":"Martineau","given":"David"},{"family":"Narbey","given":"Stèphanie"},{"family":"Oswald","given":"Frédéric"},{"family":"Angelis","given":"Filippo"},{"family":"Grätzel","given":"Michaël"},{"family":"Nazeeruddin","given":"Mohammad"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"DOI":"10.1038/ncomms15684","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15684","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2913970360","type":"article-journal","title":"A Review of Perovskites Solar Cell Stability","abstract":"Abstract In this review, the factors influencing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is emphasized. The PCE of PSCs has remarkably increased from 3.8% to 23.7%, but on the other hand, poor stability is one of the main facets that creates a huge barrier in the commercialization of PSCs. Herein, a concise overview of the current efforts to enhance the stability of PSCs is provided; moreover, the degradation causes and mechanisms are summarized. The strategies to improve device stability are portrayed in terms of structural effects, a photoactive layer, hole‐ and electron‐transporting layers, electrode materials, and device encapsulation. Last but not least, the economic feasibility of PSCs is also vividly discussed.","author":[{"family":"Wang","given":"Rui"},{"family":"Mujahid","given":"Muhammad"},{"family":"Duan","given":"Yu"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Zhao‐kui"},{"family":"Xue","given":"Jingjing"},{"family":"Yang","given":"Yang"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.1002/adfm.201808843","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201808843","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W1927627425","type":"article-journal","title":"Efficient and stable large-area perovskite solar cells with inorganic charge extraction layers","abstract":"The recent dramatic rise in power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has triggered intense research worldwide. However, high PCE values have often been reached with poor stability at an illuminated area of typically less than 0.1 square centimeter. We used heavily doped inorganic charge extraction layers in planar PSCs to achieve very rapid carrier extraction, even with 10- to 20-nanometer-thick layers, avoiding pinholes and eliminating local structural defects over large areas. The robust inorganic nature of the layers allowed for the fabrication of PSCs with an aperture area >1 square centimeter that have a PCE >15%, as certified by an accredited photovoltaic calibration laboratory. Hysteresis in the current-voltage characteristics was eliminated; the PSCs were stable, with >90% of the initial PCE remaining after 1000 hours of light soaking.","author":[{"family":"Chen","given":"Wei"},{"family":"Wu","given":"Yongzhen"},{"family":"Yue","given":"Youfeng"},{"family":"Liu","given":"Jian"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Wenjun"},{"family":"Yang","given":"Xudong"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Han"},{"family":"Bi","given":"Enbing"},{"family":"Ashraful","given":"Islam"},{"family":"Grätzel","given":"Michaël"},{"family":"Han","given":"Liyuan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"DOI":"10.1126/science.aad1015","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad1015","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2065204918","type":"article-journal","title":"Impact of microstructure on local carrier lifetime in perovskite solar cells","abstract":"The remarkable performance of hybrid perovskite photovoltaics is attributed to their long carrier lifetimes and high photoluminescence (PL) efficiencies. High-quality films are associated with slower PL decays, and it has been claimed that grain boundaries have a negligible impact on performance. We used confocal fluorescence microscopy correlated with scanning electron microscopy to spatially resolve the PL decay dynamics from films of nonstoichiometric organic-inorganic perovskites, CH3NH3PbI3(Cl). The PL intensities and lifetimes varied between different grains in the same film, even for films that exhibited long bulk lifetimes. The grain boundaries were dimmer and exhibited faster nonradiative decay. Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy showed a positive correlation between chlorine concentration and regions of brighter PL, whereas PL imaging revealed that chemical treatment with pyridine could activate previously dark grains.","author":[{"family":"Quilettes","given":"Dane"},{"family":"Vorpahl","given":"Sarah"},{"family":"Stranks","given":"Samuel"},{"family":"Nagaoka","given":"Hirokazu"},{"family":"Eperon","given":"Giles"},{"family":"Ziffer","given":"Mark"},{"family":"Snaith","given":"Henry"},{"family":"Ginger","given":"David"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"DOI":"10.1126/science.aaa5333","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa5333","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2334658948","type":"article-journal","title":"Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells via Vapor-Assisted Solution Process","abstract":"Hybrid organic/inorganic perovskites (e.g., CH3NH3PbI3) as light absorbers are promising players in the field of third-generation photovoltaics. Here we demonstrate a low-temperature vapor-assisted solution process to construct polycrystalline perovskite thin films with full surface coverage, small surface roughness, and grain size up to microscale. Solar cells based on the as-prepared films achieve high power conversion efficiency of 12.1%, so far the highest efficiency based on CH3NH3PbI3 with the planar heterojunction configuration. This method provides a simple approach to perovskite film preparation and paves the way for high reproducibility of films and devices. The underlying kinetic and thermodynamic parameters regarding the perovskite film growth are discussed as well.","author":[{"family":"Chen","given":"Qi"},{"family":"Zhou","given":"Huanping"},{"family":"Hong","given":"Ziruo"},{"family":"Luo","given":"Song"},{"family":"Duan","given":"Hsin‐sheng"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Hsin"},{"family":"Liu","given":"Yongsheng"},{"family":"Li","given":"Gang"},{"family":"Yang","given":"Yang"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"DOI":"10.1021/ja411509g","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ja411509g","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2136672396","type":"article-journal","title":"Stability of Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells","abstract":"In recent years, there has been an unprecedented rise in the performance of metal halide perovskite solar cells. They are now in a position to compete on performance with traditional crystalline solar cells, and as such the most pressing questions concern the long term operational stability of this class of solar cell. Here, recent developments in understanding and overcoming stability concerns of metal halide perovskite solar cells are highlighted. An overview of possible instability issues due to electrical, atmospheric, heat, and light stresses is provided and the different implications to the most commonly used device architectures are discussed.","author":[{"family":"Leijtens","given":"Tomas"},{"family":"Eperon","given":"Giles"},{"family":"Noel","given":"Nakita"},{"family":"Habisreutinger","given":"Severin"},{"family":"Petrozza","given":"Annamaria"},{"family":"Snaith","given":"Henry"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"DOI":"10.1002/aenm.201500963","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201500963","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2152034665","type":"article-journal","title":"A Layered Hybrid Perovskite Solar‐Cell Absorber with Enhanced Moisture Stability","abstract":"Two-dimensional hybrid perovskites are used as absorbers in solar cells. Our first-generation devices containing (PEA)2(MA)2[Pb3I10] (1; PEA=C6H5(CH2)2NH3(+), MA=CH3NH3(+)) show an open-circuit voltage of 1.18 V and a power conversion efficiency of 4.73%. The layered structure allows for high-quality films to be deposited through spin coating and high-temperature annealing is not required for device fabrication. The 3D perovskite (MA)[PbI3] (2) has recently been identified as a promising absorber for solar cells. However, its instability to moisture requires anhydrous processing and operating conditions. Films of 1 are more moisture resistant than films of 2 and devices containing 1 can be fabricated under ambient humidity levels. The larger bandgap of the 2D structure is also suitable as the higher bandgap absorber in a dual-absorber tandem device. Compared to 2, the layered perovskite structure may offer greater tunability at the molecular level for material optimization.","author":[{"family":"Smith","given":"Ian"},{"family":"Hoke","given":"Eric"},{"family":"Solís-Ibarra","given":"Diego"},{"family":"Mcgehee","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Karunadasa","given":"Hemamala"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"DOI":"10.1002/anie.201406466","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201406466","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2091471276","type":"article-journal","title":"Morphological Control for High Performance, Solution‐Processed Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells","abstract":"Organometal trihalide perovskite based solar cells have exhibited the highest efficiencies to‐date when incorporated into mesostructured composites. However, thin solid films of a perovskite absorber should be capable of operating at the highest efficiency in a simple planar heterojunction configuration. Here, it is shown that film morphology is a critical issue in planar heterojunction CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3‐ x Cl x solar cells. The morphology is carefully controlled by varying processing conditions, and it is demonstrated that the highest photocurrents are attainable only with the highest perovskite surface coverages. With optimized solution based film formation, power conversion efficiencies of up to 11.4% are achieved, the first report of efficiencies above 10% in fully thin‐film solution processed perovskite solar cells with no mesoporous layer.","author":[{"family":"Eperon","given":"Giles"},{"family":"Burlakov","given":"VM"},{"family":"Docampo","given":"Pablo"},{"family":"Goriely","given":"Alain"},{"family":"Snaith","given":"Henry"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"DOI":"10.1002/adfm.201302090","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201302090","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2811284615","type":"article-journal","title":"Enhanced photovoltage for inverted planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells","abstract":"Perovskite layers make the grade Inverted planar perovskite solar cells offer opportunities for a simplified device structure compared with conventional mesoporous titanium oxide interlayers. However, their lower open-circuit voltages result in lower power conversion efficiencies. Using mixed-cation lead mixed-halide perovskite and a solution-processed secondary growth method, Luo et al. created a surface region in the perovskite film that inhibited nonradiative charge-carrier recombination. This kind of solar cell had comparable performance to that of conventional cells. Science , this issue p. 1442","author":[{"family":"Luo","given":"Deying"},{"family":"Yang","given":"Wenqiang"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Zhiping"},{"family":"Sadhanala","given":"Aditya"},{"family":"Hu","given":"Qin"},{"family":"Su","given":"Rui"},{"family":"Shivanna","given":"Ravichandran"},{"family":"Trindade","given":"Gustavo"},{"family":"Watts","given":"John"},{"family":"Xu","given":"Zhaojian"},{"family":"Liu","given":"Tanghao"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Ke"},{"family":"Ye","given":"Fengjun"},{"family":"Wu","given":"Pan"},{"family":"Zhao","given":"Lichen"},{"family":"Wu","given":"Jiang"},{"family":"Tu","given":"Yongguang"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Yifei"},{"family":"Yang","given":"Xiaoyu"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Wei"},{"family":"Friend","given":"Richard"},{"family":"Gong","given":"Qihuang"},{"family":"Snaith","given":"Henry"},{"family":"Zhu","given":"Rui"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.1126/science.aap9282","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aap9282","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2583396742","type":"article-journal","title":"Efficient and stable solution-processed planar perovskite solar cells via contact passivation","abstract":"colloidal nanocrystal film that mitigates interfacial recombination and improves interface binding in low-temperature planar solar cells. We fabricated solar cells with certified efficiencies of 20.1 and 19.5% for active areas of 0.049 and 1.1 square centimeters, respectively, achieved via low-temperature solution processing. Solar cells with efficiency greater than 20% retained 90% (97% after dark recovery) of their initial performance after 500 hours of continuous room-temperature operation at their maximum power point under 1-sun illumination (where 1 sun is defined as the standard illumination at AM1.5, or 1 kilowatt/square meter).","author":[{"family":"Tan","given":"Hairen"},{"family":"Jain","given":"Ankit"},{"family":"Voznyy","given":"Oleksandr"},{"family":"Lan","given":"Xinzheng"},{"family":"Arquer","given":"FPGD"},{"family":"Fan","given":"James"},{"family":"Quinterobermudez","given":"Rafael"},{"family":"Yuan","given":"Mingjian"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Bo"},{"family":"Zhao","given":"Yicheng"},{"family":"Fan","given":"Fengjia"},{"family":"Li","given":"Peicheng"},{"family":"Quan","given":"Li"},{"family":"Zhao","given":"Yongbiao"},{"family":"Lu","given":"Zheng‐hong"},{"family":"Yang","given":"Zhenyu"},{"family":"Hoogland","given":"Sjoerd"},{"family":"Sargent","given":"Edward"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"DOI":"10.1126/science.aai9081","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aai9081","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W1916611353","type":"article-journal","title":"Formamidinium and Cesium Hybridization for Photo‐ and Moisture‐Stable Perovskite Solar Cell","abstract":"Although power conversion efficiency (PCE) of state‐of‐the‐art perovskite solar cells has already exceeded 20%, photo‐ and/or moisture instability of organolead halide perovskite have prevented further commercialization. In particular, the underlying weak interaction of organic cations with surrounding iodides due to eight equivalent orientations of the organic cation along the body diagonals in unit cell and chemically non‐inertness of organic cation result in photo‐ and moisture instability of organometal halide perovskite. Here, a perovskite light absorber incorporating organic–inorganic hybrid cation in the A‐site of 3D APbI 3 structure with enhanced photo‐ and moisture stability is reported. A partial substitution of Cs + for HC(NH 2 ) 2 + in HC(NH 2 ) 2 PbI 3 perovskite is found to substantially improve photo‐ and moisture stability along with photovoltaic performance. When 10% of HC(NH 2 ) 2 + is replaced by Cs + , photo‐ and moisture stability of perovskite film are significantly improved, which is attributed to the enhanced interaction between HC(NH 2 ) 2 + and iodide due to contraction of cubo‐octahedral volume. Moreover, trap density is reduced by one order of magnitude upon incorporation of Cs + , which is responsible for the increased open‐circuit voltage and fill factor, eventually leading to enhancement of average PCE from 14.9% to 16.5%.","author":[{"family":"Lee","given":"Jin‐wook"},{"family":"Kim","given":"Deok‐hwan"},{"family":"Kim","given":"Hui‐seon"},{"family":"Seo","given":"Seung‐woo"},{"family":"Cho","given":"Sung‐min"},{"family":"Park","given":"Nam‐gyu"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"DOI":"10.1002/aenm.201501310","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201501310","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2410619939","type":"article-journal","title":"A vacuum flash–assisted solution process for high-efficiency large-area perovskite solar cells","abstract":"Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) currently attract enormous research interest because of their high solar-to-electric power conversion efficiency (PCE) and low fabrication costs, but their practical development is hampered by difficulties in achieving high performance with large-size devices. We devised a simple vacuum flash-assisted solution processing method to obtain shiny, smooth, crystalline perovskite films of high electronic quality over large areas. This enabled us to fabricate solar cells with an aperture area exceeding 1 square centimeter, a maximum efficiency of 20.5%, and a certified PCE of 19.6%. By contrast, the best certified PCE to date is 15.6% for PSCs of similar size. We demonstrate that the reproducibility of the method is excellent and that the cells show virtually no hysteresis. Our approach enables the realization of highly efficient large-area PSCs for practical deployment.","author":[{"family":"Li","given":"Xiong"},{"family":"Bi","given":"Dongqin"},{"family":"Yi","given":"Chenyi"},{"family":"Decoppet","given":"Jean‐david"},{"family":"Luo","given":"Jingshan"},{"family":"Zakeeruddin","given":"Shaik"},{"family":"Hagfeldt","given":"Anders"},{"family":"Grätzel","given":"Michaël"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"DOI":"10.1126/science.aaf8060","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf8060","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2549721664","type":"article-journal","title":"All-Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells","abstract":"The research field on perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is seeing frequent record breaking in the power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskites and organic additives in common hole-transport materials (HTMs) exhibit poor stability against moisture and heat. Here we report the successful fabrication of all-inorganic PSCs without any labile or expensive organic components. The entire fabrication process can be operated in ambient environment without humidity control (e.g., a glovebox). Even without encapsulation, the all-inorganic PSCs present no performance degradation in humid air (90-95% relative humidity, 25 °C) for over 3 months (2640 h) and can endure extreme temperatures (100 and -22 °C). Moreover, by elimination of expensive HTMs and noble-metal electrodes, the cost was significantly reduced. The highest PCE of the first-generation all-inorganic PSCs reached 6.7%. This study opens the door for next-generation PSCs with long-term stability under harsh conditions, making practical application of PSCs a real possibility.","author":[{"family":"Liang","given":"Jia"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Caixing"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Yanrong"},{"family":"Xu","given":"Zhaoran"},{"family":"Lü","given":"Zhipeng"},{"family":"Ma","given":"Yue"},{"family":"Zhu","given":"Hongfei"},{"family":"Hu","given":"Yi"},{"family":"Xiao","given":"Chengcan"},{"family":"Yi","given":"Xu"},{"family":"Zhu","given":"Guoyin"},{"family":"Lv","given":"Hongling"},{"family":"Ma","given":"Lianbo"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Tao"},{"family":"Tie","given":"Zuoxiu"},{"family":"Jin","given":"Zhong"},{"family":"Liu","given":"Jie"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"DOI":"10.1021/jacs.6b10227","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6b10227","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2765675115","type":"article-journal","title":"Planar‐Structure Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency beyond 21%","abstract":"Abstract Low temperature solution processed planar‐structure perovskite solar cells gain great attention recently, while their power conversions are still lower than that of high temperature mesoporous counterpart. Previous reports are mainly focused on perovskite morphology control and interface engineering to improve performance. Here, this study systematically investigates the effect of precise stoichiometry, especially the PbI 2 contents on device performance including efficiency, hysteresis and stability. This study finds that a moderate residual of PbI 2 can deliver stable and high efficiency of solar cells without hysteresis, while too much residual PbI 2 will lead to serious hysteresis and poor transit stability. Solar cells with the efficiencies of 21.6% in small size (0.0737 cm 2 ) and 20.1% in large size (1 cm 2 ) with moderate residual PbI 2 in perovskite layer are obtained. The certificated efficiency for small size shows the efficiency of 20.9%, which is the highest efficiency ever recorded in planar‐structure perovskite solar cells, showing the planar‐structure perovskite solar cells are very promising.","author":[{"family":"Jiang","given":"Qi"},{"family":"Chu","given":"Zema"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Pengyang"},{"family":"Yang","given":"Xiaolei"},{"family":"Liu","given":"Heng"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Ye"},{"family":"Yin","given":"Zhigang"},{"family":"Wu","given":"Jinliang"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Xingwang"},{"family":"You","given":"Jingbi"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"DOI":"10.1002/adma.201703852","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201703852","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2729523528","type":"article-journal","title":"Iodide management in formamidinium-lead-halide–based perovskite layers for efficient solar cells","abstract":"The formation of a dense and uniform thin layer on the substrates is crucial for the fabrication of high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs) containing formamidinium with multiple cations and mixed halide anions. The concentration of defect states, which reduce a cell's performance by decreasing the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current density, needs to be as low as possible. We show that the introduction of additional iodide ions into the organic cation solution, which are used to form the perovskite layers through an intramolecular exchanging process, decreases the concentration of deep-level defects. The defect-engineered thin perovskite layers enable the fabrication of PSCs with a certified power conversion efficiency of 22.1% in small cells and 19.7% in 1-square-centimeter cells.","author":[{"family":"Yang","given":"Woon"},{"family":"Park","given":"Byung"},{"family":"Jung","given":"Eui"},{"family":"Jeon","given":"Nam"},{"family":"Kim","given":"Young"},{"family":"Lee","given":"Dong"},{"family":"Shin","given":"Seong"},{"family":"Seo","given":"Jangwon"},{"family":"Kim","given":"Eun"},{"family":"Noh","given":"Jun"},{"family":"Seok","given":"Sang"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"DOI":"10.1126/science.aan2301","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aan2301","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2530367706","type":"article-journal","title":"Hole‐Transport Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells","abstract":"The pressure to move towards renewable energy has inspired researchers to look for ideas in photovoltaics that may lead to a major breakthrough. Recently the use of perovskites as a light harvester has lead to stunning progress. The power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells is now approaching parity (>22 %) with that of the established technology which took decades to reach this level of performance. The use of a hole transport material (HTM) remains indispensable in perovskite solar cells. Perovskites can conduct holes, but they are present at low levels, and for efficient charge extraction a HTM layer is a prerequisite. Herein we provide an overview of the diverse types of HTM available, from organic to inorganic, in the hope of encouraging further research and the optimization of these materials.","author":[{"family":"Calió","given":"Laura"},{"family":"Kazim","given":"Samrana"},{"family":"Grätzel","given":"Michaël"},{"family":"Ahmad","given":"Shahzada"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"DOI":"10.1002/anie.201601757","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201601757","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2275426597","type":"article-journal","title":"Advances in Perovskite Solar Cells","abstract":"Organolead halide perovskite materials possess a combination of remarkable optoelectronic properties, such as steep optical absorption edge and high absorption coefficients, long charge carrier diffusion lengths and lifetimes. Taken together with the ability for low temperature preparation, also from solution, perovskite-based devices, especially photovoltaic (PV) cells have been studied intensively, with remarkable progress in performance, over the past few years. The combination of high efficiency, low cost and additional (non-PV) applications provides great potential for commercialization. Performance and applications of perovskite solar cells often correlate with their device structures. Many innovative device structures were developed, aiming at large-scale fabrication, reducing fabrication cost, enhancing the power conversion efficiency and thus broadening potential future applications. This review summarizes typical structures of perovskite solar cells and comments on novel device structures. The applications of perovskite solar cells are discussed.","author":[{"family":"Zuo","given":"Chuantian"},{"family":"Bolink","given":"Henk"},{"family":"Han","given":"Hongwei"},{"family":"Huang","given":"Jinsong"},{"family":"Cahen","given":"David"},{"family":"Ding","given":"Liming"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"DOI":"10.1002/advs.201500324","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201500324","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2197824282","type":"article-journal","title":"Highly Reproducible Perovskite Solar Cells with Average Efficiency of 18.3% and Best Efficiency of 19.7% Fabricated via Lewis Base Adduct of Lead(II) Iodide","abstract":"High efficiency perovskite solar cells were fabricated reproducibly via Lewis base adduct of lead(II) iodide. PbI2 was dissolved in N,N-dimethyformamide with equimolar N,N-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and CH3NH3I. Stretching vibration of S═O appeared at 1045 cm(-1) for bare DMSO, which was shifted to 1020 and 1015 cm(-1) upon reacting DMSO with PbI2 and PbI2 + CH3NH3I, respectively, indicative of forming the adduct of PbI2·DMSO and CH3NH3I·PbI2·DMSO due to interaction between Lewis base DMSO and/or iodide (I(-)) and Lewis acid PbI2. Spin-coating of a DMF solution containing PbI2, CH3NH3I, and DMSO (1:1:1 mol %) formed a transparent adduct film, which was converted to a dark brown film upon heating at low temperature of 65 °C for 1 min due to removal of the volatile DMSO from the adduct. The adduct-induced CH3NH3PbI3 exhibited high charge extraction characteristics with hole mobility as high as 3.9 × 10(-3) cm(2)/(V s) and slow recombination rate. Average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.3% was achieved from 41 cells and the best PCE of 19.7% was attained via adduct approach.","author":[{"family":"Ahn","given":"Namyoung"},{"family":"Son","given":"Dae‐yong"},{"family":"Jang","given":"In"},{"family":"Kang","given":"Seong"},{"family":"Choi","given":"Mansoo"},{"family":"Park","given":"Nam‐gyu"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"DOI":"10.1021/jacs.5b04930","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b04930","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2760381023","type":"article-journal","title":"Perovskite solar cells with CuSCN hole extraction layers yield stabilized efficiencies greater than 20%","abstract":"Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with efficiencies greater than 20% have been realized only with expensive organic hole-transporting materials. We demonstrate PSCs that achieve stabilized efficiencies exceeding 20% with copper(I) thiocyanate (CuSCN) as the hole extraction layer. A fast solvent removal method enabled the creation of compact, highly conformal CuSCN layers that facilitate rapid carrier extraction and collection. The PSCs showed high thermal stability under long-term heating, although their operational stability was poor. This instability originated from potential-induced degradation of the CuSCN/Au contact. The addition of a conductive reduced graphene oxide spacer layer between CuSCN and gold allowed PSCs to retain >95% of their initial efficiency after aging at a maximum power point for 1000 hours under full solar intensity at 60°C. Under both continuous full-sun illumination and thermal stress, CuSCN-based devices surpassed the stability of spiro-OMeTAD-based PSCs.","author":[{"family":"Arora","given":"Neha"},{"family":"Dar","given":"MI"},{"family":"Hinderhofer","given":"Alexander"},{"family":"Pellet","given":"Norman"},{"family":"Schreiber","given":"Frank"},{"family":"Zakeeruddin","given":"Shaik"},{"family":"Grätzel","given":"Michaël"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"DOI":"10.1126/science.aam5655","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aam5655","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2398920238","type":"article-journal","title":"Not All That Glitters Is Gold: Metal-Migration-Induced Degradation in Perovskite Solar Cells","abstract":"Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have now achieved efficiencies in excess of 22%, but very little is known about their long-term stability under thermal stress. So far, stability reports have hinted at the importance of substituting the organic components, but little attention has been given to the metal contact. We investigated the stability of state-of-the-art PSCs with efficiencies exceeding 20%. Remarkably, we found that exposing PSCs to a temperature of 70 °C is enough to induce gold migration through the hole-transporting layer (HTL), spiro-MeOTAD, and into the perovskite material, which in turn severely affects the device performance metrics under working conditions. Importantly, we found that the main cause of irreversible degradation is not due to decomposition of the organic and hybrid perovskite layers. By introducing a Cr metal interlayer between the HTL and gold electrode, high-temperature-induced irreversible long-term losses are avoided. This key finding is essential in the quest for achieving high efficiency, long-term stable PSCs which, in order to be commercially viable, need to withstand hard thermal stress tests.","author":[{"family":"Domanski","given":"Konrad"},{"family":"Correabaena","given":"Juan‐pablo"},{"family":"Mine","given":"N"},{"family":"Nazeeruddin","given":"Mohammad"},{"family":"Abate","given":"Antonio"},{"family":"Saliba","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Tress","given":"Wolfgang"},{"family":"Hagfeldt","given":"Anders"},{"family":"Grätzel","given":"Michaël"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"DOI":"10.1021/acsnano.6b02613","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6b02613","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2611852394","type":"article-journal","title":"Recombination in Perovskite Solar Cells: Significance of Grain Boundaries, Interface Traps, and Defect Ions","abstract":"High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Trap-assisted recombination, despite being lower as compared with traditional inorganic solar cells, is still the dominant recombination mechanism in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and limits their efficiency. We investigate the attributes of the primary trap-assisted recombination channels (grain boundaries and interfaces) and their correlation to defect ions in PSCs. We achieve this by using a validated device model to fit the simulations to the experimental data of efficient vacuum-deposited p–i–n and n–i–p CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 solar cells, including the light intensity dependence of the open-circuit voltage and fill factor. We find that, despite the presence of traps at interfaces and grain boundaries (GBs), their neutral (when filled with photogenerated charges) disposition along with the long-lived nature of holes leads to the high performance of PSCs. The sign of the traps (when filled) is of little importance in efficient solar cells with compact morphologies (fused GBs, low trap density). On the other hand, solar cells with noncompact morphologies (open GBs, high trap density) are sensitive to the sign of the traps and hence to the cell preparation methods. Even in the presence of traps at GBs, trap-assisted recombination at interfaces (between the transport layers and the perovskite) is the dominant loss mechanism. We find a direct correlation between the density of traps, the density of mobile ionic defects, and the degree of hysteresis observed in the current–voltage ( J – V ) characteristics. The presence of defect states or mobile ions not only limits the device performance but also plays a role in the J – V hysteresis.","author":[{"family":"Sherkar","given":"Tejas"},{"family":"Momblona","given":"Cristina"},{"family":"Gilescrig","given":"Lidón"},{"family":"Ávila","given":"Jorge"},{"family":"Sessolo","given":"Michele"},{"family":"Bolink","given":"Henk"},{"family":"Koster","given":"LJA"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"DOI":"10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00236","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00236","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2125469086","type":"article-journal","title":"Formamidinium lead trihalide: a broadly tunable perovskite for efficient planar heterojunction solar cells","abstract":"Perovskite-based solar cells have attracted significant recent interest, with power conversion efficiencies in excess of 15% already superceding a number of established thin-film solar cell technologies. Most work has focused on a methylammonium lead trihalide perovskites, with a bandgaps of ∼1.55 eV and greater. Here, we explore the effect of replacing the methylammonium cation in this perovskite, and show that with the slightly larger formamidinium cation, we can synthesise formamidinium lead trihalide perovskites with a bandgap tunable between 1.48 and 2.23 eV. We take the 1.48 eV-bandgap perovskite as most suited for single junction solar cells, and demonstrate long-range electron and hole diffusion lengths in this material, making it suitable for planar heterojunction solar cells. We fabricate such devices, and due to the reduced bandgap we achieve high short-circuit currents of >23 mA cm−2, resulting in power conversion efficiencies of up to 14.2%, the highest efficiency yet for solution processed planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells. Formamidinium lead triiodide is hence promising as a new candidate for this class of solar cell.","author":[{"family":"Eperon","given":"Giles"},{"family":"Stranks","given":"Samuel"},{"family":"Menelaou","given":"Christopher"},{"family":"Johnston","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Herz","given":"Laura"},{"family":"Snaith","given":"Henry"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"DOI":"10.1039/c3ee43822h","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ee43822h","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2612997415","type":"article-journal","title":"Fast oxygen diffusion and iodide defects mediate oxygen-induced degradation of perovskite solar cells","abstract":"Abstract Methylammonium lead halide perovskites are attracting intense interest as promising materials for next-generation solar cells, but serious issues related to long-term stability need to be addressed. Perovskite films based on CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 undergo rapid degradation when exposed to oxygen and light. Here, we report mechanistic insights into this oxygen-induced photodegradation from a range of experimental and computational techniques. We find fast oxygen diffusion into CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 films is accompanied by photo-induced formation of highly reactive superoxide species. Perovskite films composed of small crystallites show higher yields of superoxide and lower stability. Ab initio simulations indicate that iodide vacancies are the preferred sites in mediating the photo-induced formation of superoxide species from oxygen. Thin-film passivation with iodide salts is shown to enhance film and device stability. The understanding of degradation phenomena gained from this study is important for the future design and optimization of stable perovskite solar cells.","author":[{"family":"Aristidou","given":"Nicholas"},{"family":"Eames","given":"Christopher"},{"family":"Sánchezmolina","given":"Irene"},{"family":"Bu","given":"Xiangnan"},{"family":"Koščo","given":"Ján"},{"family":"Islam","given":"MS"},{"family":"Haque","given":"Saif"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"DOI":"10.1038/ncomms15218","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15218","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2169328609","type":"article-journal","title":"Lead Iodide Perovskite Sensitized All-Solid-State Submicron Thin Film Mesoscopic Solar Cell with Efficiency Exceeding 9%","abstract":"We report on solid-state mesoscopic heterojunction solar cells employing nanoparticles (NPs) of methyl ammonium lead iodide (CH(3)NH(3))PbI(3) as light harvesters. The perovskite NPs were produced by reaction of methylammonium iodide with PbI(2) and deposited onto a submicron-thick mesoscopic TiO(2) film, whose pores were infiltrated with the hole-conductor spiro-MeOTAD. Illumination with standard AM-1.5 sunlight generated large photocurrents (J(SC)) exceeding 17 mA/cm(2), an open circuit photovoltage (V(OC)) of 0.888 V and a fill factor (FF) of 0.62 yielding a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.7%, the highest reported to date for such cells. Femto second laser studies combined with photo-induced absorption measurements showed charge separation to proceed via hole injection from the excited (CH(3)NH(3))PbI(3) NPs into the spiro-MeOTAD followed by electron transfer to the mesoscopic TiO(2) film. The use of a solid hole conductor dramatically improved the device stability compared to (CH(3)NH(3))PbI(3) -sensitized liquid junction cells.","author":[{"family":"Kim","given":"Hui‐seon"},{"family":"Lee","given":"Chang"},{"family":"Im","given":"Jeong‐hyeok"},{"family":"Lee","given":"Ki"},{"family":"Moehl","given":"Thomas"},{"family":"Marchioro","given":"Arianna"},{"family":"Moon","given":"Soo‐jin"},{"family":"Humphrybaker","given":"Robin"},{"family":"Yum","given":"Jun‐ho"},{"family":"Moser","given":"Jacques‐e"},{"family":"Grätzel","given":"Michaël"},{"family":"Park","given":"Nam‐gyu"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"DOI":"10.1038/srep00591","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep00591","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2885088646","type":"article-journal","title":"High efficiency planar-type perovskite solar cells with negligible hysteresis using EDTA-complexed SnO2","abstract":"Abstract Even though the mesoporous-type perovskite solar cell (PSC) is known for high efficiency, its planar-type counterpart exhibits lower efficiency and hysteretic response. Herein, we report success in suppressing hysteresis and record efficiency for planar-type devices using EDTA-complexed tin oxide (SnO 2 ) electron-transport layer. The Fermi level of EDTA-complexed SnO 2 is better matched with the conduction band of perovskite, leading to high open-circuit voltage. Its electron mobility is about three times larger than that of the SnO 2 . The record power conversion efficiency of planar-type PSCs with EDTA-complexed SnO 2 increases to 21.60% (certified at 21.52% by Newport) with negligible hysteresis. Meanwhile, the low-temperature processed EDTA-complexed SnO 2 enables 18.28% efficiency for a flexible device. Moreover, the unsealed PSCs with EDTA-complexed SnO 2 degrade only by 8% exposed in an ambient atmosphere after 2880 h, and only by 14% after 120 h under irradiation at 100 mW cm −2 .","author":[{"family":"Yang","given":"Dong"},{"family":"Yang","given":"Ruixia"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Kai"},{"family":"Wu","given":"Congcong"},{"family":"Zhu","given":"Xuejie"},{"family":"Feng","given":"Jiangshan"},{"family":"Ren","given":"Xiaodong"},{"family":"Fang","given":"Guojia"},{"family":"Priya","given":"Shashank"},{"family":"Liu","given":"Shengzhong"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.1038/s41467-018-05760-x","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05760-x","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2269355212","type":"article-journal","title":"Lewis Acid–Base Adduct Approach for High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells","abstract":"Since the first report on the long-term durable 9.7% solid-state perovskite solar cell employing methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3), mesoporous TiO2, and 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-MeOTAD) in 2012, following the seed technologies on perovskite-sensitized liquid junction solar cells in 2009 and 2011, a surge of interest has been focused on perovskite solar cells due to superb photovoltaic performance and extremely facile fabrication processes. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells reached 21% in a very short period of time. Such an unprecedentedly high photovoltaic performance is due to the intrinsic optoelectronic property of organolead iodide perovskite material. Moreover, a high dielectric constant, sub-millimeter scale carrier diffusion length, an underlying ferroelectric property, and ion migration behavior can make organolead halide perovskites suitable for multifunctionality. Thus, besides solar cell applications, perovskite material has recently been applied to a variety fields of materials science such as photodetectors, light emitting diodes, lasing, X-ray imaging, resistive memory, and water splitting. Regardless of application areas, the growth of a well-defined perovskite layer with high crystallinity is essential for effective utilization of its excellent physicochemical properties. Therefore, an effective methodology for preparation of high quality perovskite layers is required. In this Account, an effective methodology for production of high quality perovskite layers is described, which is the Lewis acid-base adduct approach. In the solution process to form the perovskite layer, the key chemicals of CH3NH3I (or HC(NH2)2I) and PbI2 are used by dissolving them in polar aprotic solvents. Since polar aprotic solvents bear oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen, they can act as a Lewis base. In addition, the main group compound PbI2 is known to be a Lewis acid. Thus, PbI2 has a chance to form an adduct by reacting with the Lewis base. Crystal growth and morphology of perovskite can be controlled by taking advantage of the weak chemical interaction in the adduct. We have successfully fabricated highly reproducible CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells with PCE as high as 19.7% via adducts of PbI2 with oxygen-donor N,N'-dimethyl sulfoxide. This adduct approach has been found to be generally adopted, where formamidinium lead iodide perovskite, HC(NH2)2PbI3 (FAPbI3), with large grain, high crystallinity, and long-lived carrier lifetime was successfully fabricated via an adduct of PbI2 with sulfur-donor thiourea as Lewis base. The adduct approach proposed in this Account is a very promising methodology to achieve high quality perovskite films with high photovoltaic performance. Furthermore, single crystal growth on the conductive substrate is expected to be possible if we kinetically control the elimination of Lewis base in the adduct.","author":[{"family":"Lee","given":"Jin‐wook"},{"family":"Kim","given":"Hui‐seon"},{"family":"Park","given":"Nam‐gyu"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"DOI":"10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00440","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00440","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2318514767","type":"article-journal","title":"Carbon Nanotube/Polymer Composites as a Highly Stable Hole Collection Layer in Perovskite Solar Cells","abstract":"Organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells have recently emerged at the forefront of photovoltaics research. Power conversion efficiencies have experienced an unprecedented increase to reported values exceeding 19% within just four years. With the focus mainly on efficiency, the aspect of stability has so far not been thoroughly addressed. In this paper, we identify thermal stability as a fundamental weak point of perovskite solar cells, and demonstrate an elegant approach to mitigating thermal degradation by replacing the organic hole transport material with polymer-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) embedded in an insulating polymer matrix. With this composite structure, we achieve JV scanned power-conversion efficiencies of up to 15.3% with an average efficiency of 10 ± 2%. Moreover, we observe strong retardation in thermal degradation as compared to cells employing state-of-the-art organic hole-transporting materials. In addition, the resistance to water ingress is remarkably enhanced. These are critical developments for achieving long-term stability of high-efficiency perovskite solar cells.","author":[{"family":"Habisreutinger","given":"Severin"},{"family":"Leijtens","given":"Tomas"},{"family":"Eperon","given":"Giles"},{"family":"Stranks","given":"Samuel"},{"family":"Nicholas","given":"RJ"},{"family":"Snaith","given":"Henry"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"DOI":"10.1021/nl501982b","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/nl501982b","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2102969048","type":"article-journal","title":"Low-Temperature Solution-Processed Perovskite Solar Cells with High Efficiency and Flexibility","abstract":"Perovskite compounds have attracted recently great attention in photovoltaic research. The devices are typically fabricated using condensed or mesoporous TiO2 as the electron transport layer and 2,2'7,7'-tetrakis-(N,N-dip-methoxyphenylamine)9,9'-spirobifluorene as the hole transport layer. However, the high-temperature processing (450 °C) requirement of the TiO2 layer could hinder the widespread adoption of the technology. In this report, we adopted a low-temperature processing technique to attain high-efficiency devices in both rigid and flexible substrates, using device structure substrate/ITO/PEDOT:PSS/CH(3)NH(3)PbI(3-x)Cl(x)/PCBM/Al, where PEDOT:PSS and PCBM are used as hole and electron transport layers, respectively. Mixed halide perovskite, CH(3)NH(3)PbI(3-x)Cl(x), was used due to its long carrier lifetime and good electrical properties. All of these layers are solution-processed under 120 °C. Based on the proposed device structure, power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.5% is obtained in rigid substrates (glass/ITO), and a 9.2% PCE is achieved for a polyethylene terephthalate/ITO flexible substrate.","author":[{"family":"You","given":"Jingbi"},{"family":"Hong","given":"Ziruo"},{"family":"Yang","given":"Yang"},{"family":"Yang","given":"Yang"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Qi"},{"family":"Cai","given":"Min"},{"family":"Song","given":"Tze‐bin"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Chun‐chao"},{"family":"Liu","given":"Yongsheng"},{"family":"Liu","given":"Yongsheng"},{"family":"Zhou","given":"Huanping"},{"family":"Yang","given":"Yang"},{"family":"Yang","given":"Yang"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"DOI":"10.1021/nn406020d","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/nn406020d","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2525986166","type":"article-journal","title":"Improving efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells with photocurable fluoropolymers","abstract":"Organometal halide perovskite solar cells have demonstrated high conversion efficiency but poor long-term stability against ultraviolet irradiation and water. We show that rapid light-induced free-radical polymerization at ambient temperature produces multifunctional fluorinated photopolymer coatings that confer luminescent and easy-cleaning features on the front side of the devices, while concurrently forming a strongly hydrophobic barrier toward environmental moisture on the back contact side. The luminescent photopolymers re-emit ultraviolet light in the visible range, boosting perovskite solar cells efficiency to nearly 19% under standard illumination. Coated devices reproducibly retain their full functional performance during prolonged operation, even after a series of severe aging tests carried out for more than 6 months.","author":[{"family":"Bella","given":"Federico"},{"family":"Griffini","given":"Gianmarco"},{"family":"Correabaena","given":"Juan‐pablo"},{"family":"Saracco","given":"Guido"},{"family":"Grätzel","given":"Michaël"},{"family":"Hagfeldt","given":"Anders"},{"family":"Turri","given":"Stefano"},{"family":"Gerbaldi","given":"Claudio"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"DOI":"10.1126/science.aah4046","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aah4046","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W1994663208","type":"article-journal","title":"An Inorganic Hole Conductor for Organo-Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells. Improved Hole Conductivity with Copper Iodide","abstract":"Organo-lead halide perovskite solar cells have emerged as one of the most promising candidates for the next generation of solar cells. To date, these perovskite thin film solar cells have exclusively employed organic hole conducting polymers which are often expensive and have low hole mobility. In a quest to explore new inorganic hole conducting materials for these perovskite-based thin film photovoltaics, we have identified copper iodide as a possible alternative. Using copper iodide, we have succeeded in achieving a promising power conversion efficiency of 6.0% with excellent photocurrent stability. The open-circuit voltage, compared to the best spiro-OMeTAD devices, remains low and is attributed to higher recombination in CuI devices as determined by impedance spectroscopy. However, impedance spectroscopy revealed that CuI exhibits 2 orders of magnitude higher electrical conductivity than spiro-OMeTAD which allows for significantly higher fill factors. Reducing the recombination in these devices could render CuI as a cost-effective competitor to spiro-OMeTAD in perovskite solar cells.","author":[{"family":"Christians","given":"Jeffrey"},{"family":"Fung","given":"Raymond"},{"family":"Kamat","given":"Prashant"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"DOI":"10.1021/ja411014k","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ja411014k","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2233070813","type":"article-journal","title":"Modeling Anomalous Hysteresis in Perovskite Solar Cells","abstract":"Organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites are distinct from most other semiconductors because they exhibit characteristics of both electronic and ionic motion. Accurate understanding of the optoelectronic impact of such properties is important to fully optimize devices and be aware of any limitations of perovskite solar cells and broader optoelectronic devices. Here we use a numerical drift-diffusion model to describe device operation of perovskite solar cells. To achieve hysteresis in the modeled current-voltage characteristics, we must include both ion migration and electronic charge traps, serving as recombination centers. Trapped electronic charges recombine with oppositely charged free electronic carriers, of which the density depends on the bias-dependent ion distribution in the perovskite. Our results therefore show that reduction of either the density of mobile ionic species or carrier trapping at the perovskite interface will remove the adverse hysteresis in perovskite solar cells. This gives a clear target for ongoing research effort and unifies previously conflicting experimental observations and theories.","author":[{"family":"Reenen","given":"Stephan"},{"family":"Kemerink","given":"Martijn"},{"family":"Snaith","given":"Henry"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"DOI":"10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01645","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01645","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2897392759","type":"article-journal","title":"Methylammonium-free, high-performance, and stable perovskite solar cells on a planar architecture","abstract":"Currently, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with high performances greater than 20% contain bromine (Br), causing a suboptimal bandgap, and the thermally unstable methylammonium (MA) molecule. Avoiding Br and especially MA can therefore result in more optimal bandgaps and stable perovskites. We show that inorganic cation tuning, using rubidium and cesium, enables highly crystalline formamidinium-based perovskites without Br or MA. On a conventional, planar device architecture, using polymeric interlayers at the electron- and hole-transporting interface, we demonstrate an efficiency of 20.35% (stabilized), one of the highest for MA-free perovskites, with a drastically improved stability reached without the stabilizing influence of mesoporous interlayers. The perovskite is not heated beyond 100°C. Going MA-free is a new direction for perovskites that are inherently stable and compatible with tandems or flexible substrates, which are the main routes commercializing PSCs.","author":[{"family":"Turrencruz","given":"Silver‐hamill"},{"family":"Hagfeldt","given":"Anders"},{"family":"Saliba","given":"Michael"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.1126/science.aat3583","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aat3583","source":"openalex"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21575282","type":"article-journal","title":"Growth Mechanism and influence of annealing temperature on structural and compositional properties of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films deposited by RF sputtering method from a compound target.","abstract":"Kesterite-type Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films were deposited on corning glass from a single quaternary target. In this study, we report the growth mechanism and the influence of annealing temperature on the structural and compositional properties of CZTS films. All the four samples (as-deposited inclusive) show peaks corresponding to kesterite-type structure. The diffraction peaks of (112) are sharp and the small characteristics peaks of the kesterite structure such as (220)/ (204) and (312)/ (116) are also clearly observed in X-ray diffraction pattern. Some secondary phases that appeared as a result of the annealing were observed in the Raman spectra. These results indicate that the quaternary CZTS would be a potential candidate for solar cell applications.","author":[{"family":"Abdullahi","given":"S"},{"family":"Momoh","given":"M"},{"family":"Moreh","given":"AU"},{"family":"Bayawa","given":"AM"},{"family":"Hamza","given":"B"},{"family":"Argungu","given":"GM"},{"family":"Popoola","given":"OT"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21575282","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21575282","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21575283","type":"article-journal","title":"Growth Mechanism and influence of annealing temperature on structural and compositional properties of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films deposited by RF sputtering method from a compound target.","abstract":"Kesterite-type Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films were deposited on corning glass from a single quaternary target. In this study, we report the growth mechanism and the influence of annealing temperature on the structural and compositional properties of CZTS films. All the four samples (as-deposited inclusive) show peaks corresponding to kesterite-type structure. The diffraction peaks of (112) are sharp and the small characteristics peaks of the kesterite structure such as (220)/ (204) and (312)/ (116) are also clearly observed in X-ray diffraction pattern. Some secondary phases that appeared as a result of the annealing were observed in the Raman spectra. These results indicate that the quaternary CZTS would be a potential candidate for solar cell applications.","author":[{"family":"Abdullahi","given":"S"},{"family":"Momoh","given":"M"},{"family":"Moreh","given":"AU"},{"family":"Bayawa","given":"AM"},{"family":"Hamza","given":"B"},{"family":"Argungu","given":"GM"},{"family":"Popoola","given":"OT"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21575283","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21575283","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21575103","type":"article-journal","title":"Design of Single Phase Five Level Inverter","abstract":"This paper focuses on the result of simulation by using MATLAB and initial phase of hardware implementation of single phase flying capacitor clamped multilevel inverter in which output of triggering has been completed. This inverter has wide application for low and medium voltage DC-DC converter for renewable energy application It is not only achieve high power rating operation but also enable their use in non-conventional power generation. The elementary concept of a multilevel converter is to achieve higher power by using a series of power semiconductor switches with several lower voltage sources. The power conversion is performed by synthesizing a staircase voltage waveform. It has better performance of medium voltage and high power electric drive, the dV/dt and harmonic should be minimized by introduction of more level in the output voltage.","author":[{"family":"Awale","given":"Akshay"},{"family":"Atram","given":"Jyotsna"},{"family":"Pandey","given":"Amarjeet"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21575103","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21575103","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21575104","type":"article-journal","title":"Design of Single Phase Five Level Inverter","abstract":"This paper focuses on the result of simulation by using MATLAB and initial phase of hardware implementation of single phase flying capacitor clamped multilevel inverter in which output of triggering has been completed. This inverter has wide application for low and medium voltage DC-DC converter for renewable energy application It is not only achieve high power rating operation but also enable their use in non-conventional power generation. The elementary concept of a multilevel converter is to achieve higher power by using a series of power semiconductor switches with several lower voltage sources. The power conversion is performed by synthesizing a staircase voltage waveform. It has better performance of medium voltage and high power electric drive, the dV/dt and harmonic should be minimized by introduction of more level in the output voltage.","author":[{"family":"Awale","given":"Akshay"},{"family":"Atram","given":"Jyotsna"},{"family":"Pandey","given":"Amarjeet"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21575104","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21575104","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21571834","type":"article-journal","title":"Modeling and Designing of Solar Tracking System using Arduino","abstract":"Solar energy is very important means of expanding renewable energy resources. In this paper is described the design and construction of a microcontroller based solar panel tracking system. Solar is a nonconventional source of energy, considering this we have developed solar panels so that we can fulfil our electricity need. But due to revolution of the earth, solar source i.e. sun does not face the panel continuously hence less electricity is produced. The energy panel should face the SUN till it is present in a day. The problem above can be solved by our system by automatic tracking the solar energy. Thispaper shows system architecture which consist of a LDR sensor senses max solar power which is being given to the ARDUINO which digitizes the LDR output. Controller then takes the decision according to then algorithm and tilts the panel towards the direction of the max energy given by LDR with the help of DC Motor. The Motor is used to rotate the LDR to sense the max solar power. A Solar Tracker is basically a device onto which solar panels are fitted which tracks the motion of the sun across the sky ensuring that the maximum amount of sunlight strikes the panels throughout the day. After finding the sunlight, the tracker will try to navigate through the path ensuring the best sunlight is detected. It is completely automatic and keeps the panel in front of sun until that is visible. Its active sensors constantly monitor the sunlight and rotate the panel towards the direction where the intensity of sunlight is maximum.","author":[{"family":"Mohit"},{"family":"Saxena","given":"Subhash"},{"family":"Singh","given":"Akashdeep"},{"family":"Singh","given":"Varinder"},{"family":"Channi","given":"Harpreet"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21571834","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21571834","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21571835","type":"article-journal","title":"Modeling and Designing of Solar Tracking System using Arduino","abstract":"Solar energy is very important means of expanding renewable energy resources. In this paper is described the design and construction of a microcontroller based solar panel tracking system. Solar is a nonconventional source of energy, considering this we have developed solar panels so that we can fulfil our electricity need. But due to revolution of the earth, solar source i.e. sun does not face the panel continuously hence less electricity is produced. The energy panel should face the SUN till it is present in a day. The problem above can be solved by our system by automatic tracking the solar energy. Thispaper shows system architecture which consist of a LDR sensor senses max solar power which is being given to the ARDUINO which digitizes the LDR output. Controller then takes the decision according to then algorithm and tilts the panel towards the direction of the max energy given by LDR with the help of DC Motor. The Motor is used to rotate the LDR to sense the max solar power. A Solar Tracker is basically a device onto which solar panels are fitted which tracks the motion of the sun across the sky ensuring that the maximum amount of sunlight strikes the panels throughout the day. After finding the sunlight, the tracker will try to navigate through the path ensuring the best sunlight is detected. It is completely automatic and keeps the panel in front of sun until that is visible. Its active sensors constantly monitor the sunlight and rotate the panel towards the direction where the intensity of sunlight is maximum.","author":[{"family":"Mohit"},{"family":"Saxena","given":"Subhash"},{"family":"Singh","given":"Akashdeep"},{"family":"Singh","given":"Varinder"},{"family":"Channi","given":"Harpreet"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21571835","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21571835","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21570987","type":"article-journal","title":"A Comparative Analysis of the Voltage Profile Stability for the Wind Farm Using Capacitor Bank and STATCOM","abstract":"The performance of the STATCOM reactive power control system is powerful and robust can open the opportunities in the field of renewable energy system to make them more reliable and efficient. Wind generation is currently the major form of new renewable, generation in the world. The active power mainly depends upon the potential of the wind power produced and wind turbine generator design whereas the reactive power demand on the other hand depends upon conversion devices and recovered power quality fed to the grid. The wind farms which accesses to power grid cause fluctuations and reactive power redistribution and sometimes lead to voltage collapse. Similarly, the dynamic voltage stability is a major challenge faced by distribution network operators. The proposed scheme contains modeling of wind turbine DFIG and STATCOM for development of sophisticated control system. Because of uncertainty of wind and environmental condition, monitoring of the voltage profile is done easily.Modeling of wind turbine (DFIG) generation with the control circuitry as to get synchronised with the STATCOM and Capacitor Bank demonstrated using MATLAB/Simulink environment.","author":[{"family":"Kamble","given":"Chandan"},{"family":"Suryawanshi","given":"Dipesh"},{"family":"Rewatkar","given":"Rajni"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21570987","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21570987","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21570988","type":"article-journal","title":"A Comparative Analysis of the Voltage Profile Stability for the Wind Farm Using Capacitor Bank and STATCOM","abstract":"The performance of the STATCOM reactive power control system is powerful and robust can open the opportunities in the field of renewable energy system to make them more reliable and efficient. Wind generation is currently the major form of new renewable, generation in the world. The active power mainly depends upon the potential of the wind power produced and wind turbine generator design whereas the reactive power demand on the other hand depends upon conversion devices and recovered power quality fed to the grid. The wind farms which accesses to power grid cause fluctuations and reactive power redistribution and sometimes lead to voltage collapse. Similarly, the dynamic voltage stability is a major challenge faced by distribution network operators. The proposed scheme contains modeling of wind turbine DFIG and STATCOM for development of sophisticated control system. Because of uncertainty of wind and environmental condition, monitoring of the voltage profile is done easily.Modeling of wind turbine (DFIG) generation with the control circuitry as to get synchronised with the STATCOM and Capacitor Bank demonstrated using MATLAB/Simulink environment.","author":[{"family":"Kamble","given":"Chandan"},{"family":"Suryawanshi","given":"Dipesh"},{"family":"Rewatkar","given":"Rajni"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21570988","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21570988","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21587406","type":"article-journal","title":"Making and Characterization of Limnpo4 Using Solid State Reaction Method for Lithium Ion Battery Cathodes","abstract":"Hospho-material of olivine, LiMnPO4 identified as promising for cathode material generation next Lithium-ion battery and has been successfully synthesized by solid-state method with Li2Co3, 2MnO2, 2NH4H2PO4 as raw material. The influence of initial concentration of precursors at kalsinasi temperatures (400-800 ° C) flows with nitrogen. The purity and composition phase verified by x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), spectroscopy, energy Dispersive x-ray Analysis (EDS), Raman spectra. General investigation shows that there is a correlation between the concentration of precursors, the temperature and the temperature of sintering kalsinasi that can be exploited to design lithium-ion next generation.","author":[{"family":"Oktavia","given":"Adelyna"},{"family":"Sembiring","given":"Kurnia"},{"family":"Priyono","given":"Slamet"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21587406","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21587406","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21587407","type":"article-journal","title":"Making and Characterization of Limnpo4 Using Solid State Reaction Method for Lithium Ion Battery Cathodes","abstract":"Hospho-material of olivine, LiMnPO4 identified as promising for cathode material generation next Lithium-ion battery and has been successfully synthesized by solid-state method with Li2Co3, 2MnO2, 2NH4H2PO4 as raw material. The influence of initial concentration of precursors at kalsinasi temperatures (400-800 ° C) flows with nitrogen. The purity and composition phase verified by x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), spectroscopy, energy Dispersive x-ray Analysis (EDS), Raman spectra. General investigation shows that there is a correlation between the concentration of precursors, the temperature and the temperature of sintering kalsinasi that can be exploited to design lithium-ion next generation.","author":[{"family":"Oktavia","given":"Adelyna"},{"family":"Sembiring","given":"Kurnia"},{"family":"Priyono","given":"Slamet"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21587407","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21587407","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.13489794","type":"article-journal","title":"Patterns of Bat Fatalities at Wind Energy Facilities in North America","abstract":"(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Abstract Wind has become one of the fastest growing sources of renewable energy worldwide, but widespread and often extensive fatalities of bats have increased concern regarding the impacts of wind energy development on bats and other wildlife. We synthesized available information on patterns of bat fatalities from a review of 21 postconstruction fatality studies conducted at 19 facilities in 5 United States regions and one Canadian province. Dominance of migratory, foliage‐ and tree‐roosting lasiurine species (e.g., hoary bat [ Lasiurus cinereus ]) killed by turbines was consistent among studies. Bat fatalities, although highly variable and periodic, consistently peaked in late summer and fall, coinciding with migration of lasiurines and other species. A notable exception was documented fatalities of pregnant female Brazilian freetailed bats ( Tadarida brasiliensis ) in May and June at a facility in Oklahoma, USA, and female silver‐haired bats ( Lasionycteris noctivagans ) during spring in Tennessee, USA, and Alberta, Canada. Most studies reported that fatalities were distributed randomly across turbines at a site, although the highest number of fatalities was often found near the end of turbine strings. Two studies conducted simultaneously in the same region documented similar timing of fatalities between sites, which suggests broader patterns of collisions dictated by weather, prey abundance, or other factors. None of the studies found differences in bat fatalities between turbines equipped with lighting required by the Federal Aviation Administration and turbines that were unlit. All studies that addressed relationships between bat fatalities and weather patterns found that most bats were killed on nights with low wind speed (<6 m/sec) and that fatalities increased immediately before and after passage of storm fronts. Weather patterns may be predictors of bat activity and fatality; thus, mitigation efforts that focus on these high‐risk periods could reduce bat fatality substantially. We caution that estimates of bat fatality are conditioned by length of study and search interval and that they are biased in relation to how searcher efficiency, scavenger removal, and habitat differences were or were not accounted for. Our review will assist managers, biologists, and decision‐makers with understanding unifying and unique patterns of bat fatality, biases, and limitations of existing efforts, and it will aid in designing future research needed to develop mitigation strategies for minimizing or eliminating bat fatality at wind facilities.","author":[{"family":"Arnett","given":"Edward"},{"family":"Brown","given":"WK"},{"family":"Erickson","given":"Wallace"},{"family":"Fiedler","given":"Jenny"},{"family":"Hamilton","given":"Brenda"},{"family":"Henry","given":"Travis"},{"family":"Jain","given":"Aaftab"},{"family":"Johnson","given":"Gregory"},{"family":"Kerns","given":"Jessica"},{"family":"Koford","given":"Rolf"},{"family":"Nicholson","given":"Charles"},{"family":"O'connell","given":"Timothy"},{"family":"Piorkowski","given":"Martin"},{"family":"Tankersley","given":"Roger"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.13489794","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13489794","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.13489795","type":"article-journal","title":"Patterns of Bat Fatalities at Wind Energy Facilities in North America","abstract":"(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Abstract Wind has become one of the fastest growing sources of renewable energy worldwide, but widespread and often extensive fatalities of bats have increased concern regarding the impacts of wind energy development on bats and other wildlife. We synthesized available information on patterns of bat fatalities from a review of 21 postconstruction fatality studies conducted at 19 facilities in 5 United States regions and one Canadian province. Dominance of migratory, foliage‐ and tree‐roosting lasiurine species (e.g., hoary bat [ Lasiurus cinereus ]) killed by turbines was consistent among studies. Bat fatalities, although highly variable and periodic, consistently peaked in late summer and fall, coinciding with migration of lasiurines and other species. A notable exception was documented fatalities of pregnant female Brazilian freetailed bats ( Tadarida brasiliensis ) in May and June at a facility in Oklahoma, USA, and female silver‐haired bats ( Lasionycteris noctivagans ) during spring in Tennessee, USA, and Alberta, Canada. Most studies reported that fatalities were distributed randomly across turbines at a site, although the highest number of fatalities was often found near the end of turbine strings. Two studies conducted simultaneously in the same region documented similar timing of fatalities between sites, which suggests broader patterns of collisions dictated by weather, prey abundance, or other factors. None of the studies found differences in bat fatalities between turbines equipped with lighting required by the Federal Aviation Administration and turbines that were unlit. All studies that addressed relationships between bat fatalities and weather patterns found that most bats were killed on nights with low wind speed (<6 m/sec) and that fatalities increased immediately before and after passage of storm fronts. Weather patterns may be predictors of bat activity and fatality; thus, mitigation efforts that focus on these high‐risk periods could reduce bat fatality substantially. We caution that estimates of bat fatality are conditioned by length of study and search interval and that they are biased in relation to how searcher efficiency, scavenger removal, and habitat differences were or were not accounted for. Our review will assist managers, biologists, and decision‐makers with understanding unifying and unique patterns of bat fatality, biases, and limitations of existing efforts, and it will aid in designing future research needed to develop mitigation strategies for minimizing or eliminating bat fatality at wind facilities.","author":[{"family":"Arnett","given":"Edward"},{"family":"Brown","given":"WK"},{"family":"Erickson","given":"Wallace"},{"family":"Fiedler","given":"Jenny"},{"family":"Hamilton","given":"Brenda"},{"family":"Henry","given":"Travis"},{"family":"Jain","given":"Aaftab"},{"family":"Johnson","given":"Gregory"},{"family":"Kerns","given":"Jessica"},{"family":"Koford","given":"Rolf"},{"family":"Nicholson","given":"Charles"},{"family":"O'connell","given":"Timothy"},{"family":"Piorkowski","given":"Martin"},{"family":"Tankersley","given":"Roger"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.13489795","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13489795","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21600436","type":"article-journal","title":"Biodiesel Production from Plant Seed Oil - A Review","abstract":"Recent environmental and economic concerns have prompted resurgence in the use of biofuels throughout the world, there is increase in CO2 emissions as well as several other air pollutants., considering sustainability, biodiesel has proven to be a good candidate to meet increasing energy requirements for internal combustion engines since they are renewable, have similar properties to petrodiesel and seems to be an ideal solution for global energy demands. Edible and non-edible seed oil crops have proven to be recognized sources of vegetable oils for biodiesel production, although the production process has been developed for edible seed oil , this work advocates for its use in non edible plant seed oil and agricultural wastes so that the feedstock will not compete with food supply in the long term leading to high production cost. Hence this review highlights the production of biodiesel from plant seed oil , some of the factors that influences its production, the criteria the pure biodiesel must meet, the conversion techniques and the various methods of production acknowledging transesterification as the preferred choice.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21600436","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21600436","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21600437","type":"article-journal","title":"Biodiesel Production from Plant Seed Oil - A Review","abstract":"Recent environmental and economic concerns have prompted resurgence in the use of biofuels throughout the world, there is increase in CO2 emissions as well as several other air pollutants., considering sustainability, biodiesel has proven to be a good candidate to meet increasing energy requirements for internal combustion engines since they are renewable, have similar properties to petrodiesel and seems to be an ideal solution for global energy demands. Edible and non-edible seed oil crops have proven to be recognized sources of vegetable oils for biodiesel production, although the production process has been developed for edible seed oil , this work advocates for its use in non edible plant seed oil and agricultural wastes so that the feedstock will not compete with food supply in the long term leading to high production cost. Hence this review highlights the production of biodiesel from plant seed oil , some of the factors that influences its production, the criteria the pure biodiesel must meet, the conversion techniques and the various methods of production acknowledging transesterification as the preferred choice.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21600437","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21600437","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21592495","type":"article-journal","title":"Simulation of Transformerless Single Phase Inverter Using Solar System","abstract":"Solar energy is the major source of power. Its potential is 178 billion MW, which is about 20,000 times the world's demand. Solar energy, received in the form of radiation (electromagnetic waves), can be converted directly or indirectly into other forms of energy, such as heat and electricity which can be utilized by man .Inverters are the devices usually solid state which change the array DC output to AC suitable voltage, frequency and phase to feed photo voltaic ally generated power into the power grid or local load. Solar energy is time dependent and intermittent energy resources. Inverter may also contain a suitable output step up transformer perhaps some filtering and power factor correction circuits and some power conditioning circuitry to initiate the battery charging and to prevent overcharging .Inverters of PV system based distributed generation (DG) are subjected to wide changes in the inverter input voltage, thus demanding a buck-boost operation of inverters . Further the inverter size, weight and cost is increased. It is designed transformer less inverter that can be operated over a wide dc input voltage range making it suitable for distributed generation applications. Depending on the reference signal, the inverter output voltage can be either boosted or bucked with respect input voltage.","author":[{"family":"Khapre","given":"Neha"},{"family":"Masurkar","given":"Jagruti"},{"family":"Shikkewal","given":"Prof"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21592495","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21592495","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21592496","type":"article-journal","title":"Simulation of Transformerless Single Phase Inverter Using Solar System","abstract":"Solar energy is the major source of power. Its potential is 178 billion MW, which is about 20,000 times the world's demand. Solar energy, received in the form of radiation (electromagnetic waves), can be converted directly or indirectly into other forms of energy, such as heat and electricity which can be utilized by man .Inverters are the devices usually solid state which change the array DC output to AC suitable voltage, frequency and phase to feed photo voltaic ally generated power into the power grid or local load. Solar energy is time dependent and intermittent energy resources. Inverter may also contain a suitable output step up transformer perhaps some filtering and power factor correction circuits and some power conditioning circuitry to initiate the battery charging and to prevent overcharging .Inverters of PV system based distributed generation (DG) are subjected to wide changes in the inverter input voltage, thus demanding a buck-boost operation of inverters . Further the inverter size, weight and cost is increased. It is designed transformer less inverter that can be operated over a wide dc input voltage range making it suitable for distributed generation applications. Depending on the reference signal, the inverter output voltage can be either boosted or bucked with respect input voltage.","author":[{"family":"Khapre","given":"Neha"},{"family":"Masurkar","given":"Jagruti"},{"family":"Shikkewal","given":"Prof"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21592496","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21592496","source":"datacite"},{"id":"oa:W2996826728","type":"article-journal","title":"Review of renewable energy-based hydrogen production processes for sustainable energy innovation","abstract":"In this review, we primarily analyze the hydrogen production technologies based on water and biomass, including the economic, technological, and environmental impacts of different types of hydrogen production technologies based on these materials, and comprehensively compare them. Our analyses indicate that all renewable energy-based approaches for hydrogen production are more environmentally friendly than fossil-based hydrogen generation approaches. However, the technical ease and economic efficiency of hydrogen production from renewable sources of energy needs to be further improved in order to be applied on a large scale. Compared with other renewable energy-based methods, hydrogen production via biomass electrolysis has several advantages, including the ease of directly using raw biomass. Furthermore, its environmental impact is smaller than other approaches. Moreover, using a noble metal, catalyst-free anode for this approach can ensure a considerably low power consumption, which makes it a promising candidate for clean and efficient hydrogen production in the future.","author":[{"family":"Wang","given":"Mengjiao"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Guizhou"},{"family":"Sun","given":"Zhenxin"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Yukui"},{"family":"Xu","given":"Dong"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.gloei.2019.11.019","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloei.2019.11.019","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2344187742","type":"article-journal","title":"Optimal Interconnection Planning of Community Microgrids With Renewable Energy Sources","abstract":"The optimal planning of the interconnected network of multimicrogrids is discussed in this paper. The interconnection planning will enhance the reliability and the economic operation of a community of microgrids. The proposed approach will apply a probabilistic minimal cut-set-based iterative methodology for the optimal planning of interconnection among microgrids with variable renewable energy sources. The optimal planning takes into account various factors including the economics, reliability, and variability of renewables, network- and resource-based uncertainties, and adaptability to accommodate the prevailing operating concerns. A clustering-based method is considered for analyzing the variable data concerning the potential deployment of renewable energy in microgrids. The proposed interconnection planning methodology is applied to a six-microgrid system and the planning results are discussed. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed interconnection planning methodology will determine an optimal topology accurately and efficiently for a cluster of microgrids, and show that the proposed adaptive planning methodology can easily be applied to practical microgrid applications.","author":[{"family":"Che","given":"Liang"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Xiaping"},{"family":"Shahidehpour","given":"Mohammad"},{"family":"Alabdulwahab","given":"Ahmed"},{"family":"Abusorrah","given":"Abdullah"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"DOI":"10.1109/tsg.2015.2456834","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2015.2456834","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2985438877","type":"article-journal","title":"How renewable energy consumption lower global CO2 emissions? Evidence from countries with different income levels","abstract":"Abstract Significant difference in the emission–renewables nexus across countries with different income levels is frequently ignored in previous studies. To empirically investigate whether the effect of renewable energy consumption on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions differs across countries with different income levels, the emission–growth–renewables nexus for a global panel of 120 countries and four income‐based subpanels over the period 1995–2015 is examined. Fully considering the potential cross‐sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity, a series of econometric techniques allowing for cross‐sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity is utilised. Cross‐sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity are confirmed for the global panel as well as for all four subpanels. Only for the global panel, high‐income subpanel and upper‐middle‐income subpanel is the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis valid. Renewable energy consumption has a negative effect on CO2 emissions, but its effect is not significant; the mitigation effect may be obscured by higher economic growth and increasing non‐renewable energy consumption. The global panel and four subpanels provide mixed directionality of causality among the variables, suggesting that for various income‐based subpanels, significant differences exist in the effect of renewable energy consumption on CO2 emissions, especially highlighting in various direct and indirect influencing paths between renewable energy consumption and CO2 emissions.","author":[{"family":"Dong","given":"Kangyin"},{"family":"Dong","given":"Xiucheng"},{"family":"Jiang","given":"Qingzhe"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.1111/twec.12898","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.12898","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2900416547","type":"article-journal","title":"Solar photovoltaic modeling and simulation: As a renewable energy solution","abstract":"In renewable power generation, solar photovoltaic as clean and green energy technology plays a vital role to fulfill the power shortage of any country. Modeling, simulation and analysis of solar photovoltaic (PV) generator is a vital phase prior to mount PV system at any location, which helps to understand the behavior and characteristics in real climatic conditions of that location. In this context, a single diode equivalent circuit model with the stepwise detailed simulation of a solar PV module under Matlab/Simulink ambience is presented. I–V and P–V graph of solar PV module provide a broad understanding to researchers, manufacturers and social communities. The simulated result of the PV module is verified by the manufacturer data-sheet of JAP6-72-320/4BB module and maximum relative error percentage is found 1.65% which shows a good agreement between manufacturer values and simulated values. Moreover, the performance of PV module for real metrological data (irradiance and temperature) shows good results. In addition to this, it is presumed as a sturdy tool to evaluate the performance of any solar PV modules.","author":[{"family":"Vinod","given":"Vinod"},{"family":"Kumar","given":"Raj"},{"family":"Singh","given":"Sumitra"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.egyr.2018.09.008","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2018.09.008","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2791287955","type":"article-journal","title":"Integrating Renewable Energy Resources Into the Smart Grid: Recent Developments in Information and Communication Technologies","abstract":"Rising energy costs, losses in the present-day electricity grid, risks from nuclear power generation, and global environmental changes are motivating a transformation of the conventional ways of generating electricity. Globally, there is a desire to rely more on renewable energy resources (RERs) for electricity generation. RERs reduce greenhouse gas emissions and may have economic benefits, e.g., through applying demand side management with dynamic pricing so as to shift loads from fossil fuel-based generators to RERs. The electricity grid is presently evolving toward an intelligent grid, the so-called smart grid (SG). One of the major goals of the future SG is to move toward 100% electricity generation from RERs, i.e., toward a 100% renewable grid. However, the disparate, intermittent, and typically widely geographically distributed nature of RERs complicates the integration of RERs into the SG. Moreover, individual RERs have generally lower capacity than conventional fossil fuel-based plants, and these RERs are based on a wide spectrum of different technologies. In this article, we give an overview of recent efforts that aim to integrate RERs into the SG. We outline the integration of RERs into the SG along with their supporting communication networks. We also discuss ongoing projects that seek to integrate RERs into the SG around the globe. Finally, we outline future research directions on integrating RERs into the SG.","author":[{"family":"Rehmani","given":"Mubashir"},{"family":"Reisslein","given":"Martin"},{"family":"Rachedi","given":"Abderrezak"},{"family":"Erolkantarci","given":"Melike"},{"family":"Radenkovic","given":"Milena"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.1109/tii.2018.2819169","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2018.2819169","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2910828360","type":"article-journal","title":"How do policies mobilize private finance for renewable energy?—A systematic review with an investor perspective","abstract":"With the urgency of climate change, and billions spent globally on renewable energy (RE) support policies, it is crucial to understand which policies are effective. Substantial scholarly research on RE deployment policies has been carried out over the last two decades, resulting in inconclusive findings regarding the effectiveness of mobilizing private finance. Here, we take a novel perspective and review 96 empirical studies concerning the impact of policies on two key investor decision metrics: investment risk and investment return. Only if both metrics correspond to the investors’ expectations are they willing to engage in RE projects. First, our rigorous literature review shows that effective policies address risk and return simultaneously. Second, we find that generic instrument design features, such as credibility and predictability (continuous evaluation and monitoring), considerably impact investment risk. A more focused analysis of the specific design elements of feed-in tariffs, auctions and renewable portfolio standards reveals that these instruments are most effective when they are designed in such a way that they reduce RE project risk while increasing return. We distil important implications for policymakers who aim to foster renewable energy and clean technologies more broadly.","author":[{"family":"Polzin","given":"Friedemann"},{"family":"Egli","given":"Florian"},{"family":"Steffen","given":"Bjarne"},{"family":"Schmidt","given":"Tobias"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.11.098","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.11.098","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2923051437","type":"article-journal","title":"A review of marine renewable energy storage","abstract":"Marine renewable energies are promising enablers of a cleaner energy future. Some technologies, like wind, are maturing and have already achieved commercial success. Similar to their terrestrial counterparts, marine renewable energy systems require energy storage capabilities to achieve the flexibility of the 21st century grid demand. The unique difficulties imposed by a harsh marine environment challenge the unencumbered rise of marine renewable energy generation and storage systems. In this study, the fundamentals of marine renewable energy generation technologies are briefed. A comprehensive review and comparison of state-of-the-art novel marine renewable energy storage technologies, including pumped hydro storage (PHS), compressed air energy storage (CAES), battery energy storage (BES), hydrogen energy storage (HES), gravity energy storage (GES), and buoyancy energy storage (ByES), are conducted. The pros and cons, and potential applications, of various marine renewable energy storage technologies are also compiled. Finally, several future trends of marine renewable energy storage technologies are connoted.","author":[{"family":"Wang","given":"Zhiwen"},{"family":"Carriveau","given":"Rupp"},{"family":"Ting","given":"David"},{"family":"Xiong","given":"Wei"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Zuwen"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.1002/er.4444","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/er.4444","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2098970646","type":"article-journal","title":"Intermittency and the Value of Renewable Energy","abstract":"A key problem with solar energy is intermittency: solar generators only produce when the sun is shining. This adds to social costs and also requires electricity system operators to reoptimize key decisions with large-scale renewables. We develop a method to quantify the economic value of large-scale renewable energy. We estimate the model for southeastern Arizona. Not accounting for offset CO2, we find social costs of $138.4/MWh for 20% solar generation, of which unforecastable intermittency accounts for $6.1 and intermittency overall for $46. With solar installation costs of $1.52/W and CO2 social costs of $39/ton, 20% solar would be welfare neutral.","author":[{"family":"Gowrisankaran","given":"Gautam"},{"family":"Reynolds","given":"Stanley"},{"family":"Samano","given":"Mario"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"DOI":"10.3386/w17086","URL":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w17086","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2942484523","type":"article-journal","title":"Renewable energy consumption and economic growth nexus: A fresh evidence from West Africa","abstract":"This paper estimates the impact of renewable energy on economic growth in West African countries using panel dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) by employing a sample of 15 West African countries covering the 1995-2014 period. The results indicated that renewable energy consumption slows down economic growth in these countries. This is attributed to the nature and source of renewable energy used in West Africa, which is majorly wood biomass. The wood biomasses used in West Africa are usually unclean and highly polluting when burnt. On the other hand, the use of clean energy sources like solar, wind and hydropower which does not have a side effect on human health and the environment is less in West Africa. As such, renewable energy use can slow down economic growth by lowering productivity when unclean and inefficient sources are used. The study recommends that (1) cleaner technologies should be employed to optimize the benefits of wood biomass as a renewable source of energy while minimizing its adverse effects; (2) the share of other renewable energy components such as solar, wind and geothermal should be increased in the renewable energy mix of the sub-region of West Africa and (3) greater commitment to achieving sustainable renewable energy by West African authorities is needed.","author":[{"family":"Maji","given":"Ibrahim"},{"family":"Sulaiman","given":"Chindo"},{"family":"Abdulrahim","given":"Abdul"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.egyr.2019.03.005","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2019.03.005","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2090633687","type":"article-journal","title":"Methanation of CO2 - storage of renewable energy in a gas distribution system","abstract":"This article presents some crucial findings of the joint research project entitled «Storage of electric energy from renewable sources in the natural gas grid-water electrolysis and synthesis of gas components». The project was funded by BMBF and aimed at developing viable concepts for the storage of excess electrical energy from wind and solar power plants. The concept presented in this article suggests the conversion of CO 2 -containing gases into methane in a pressurized reactor using hydrogen produced via electrolysis. The produced gas can be upgraded to synthetic natural gas (SNG) and fed into the well-developed German natural gas grid. This concept benefits from the high storage capacity of the German gas grid and does not require any extensions of the current gas or power grid. The reaction heat released by the exothermic methanation reaction leads to a temperature rise of the gas in the fixed bed catalyst of the reactor. The conversion of carbon dioxide is limited in accordance to the chemical equilibrium which depends strongly on temperature and pressure. For maximum carbon dioxide conversion, it is convenient to split the methanation into several stages adding cooling sections in between. This article focuses on the methanation process and its transfer onto an industrial scale evaluating the different plant capacities and feedstock mixtures used. The methanation takes place in a staged fixed bed reactor. This staged reactor concept is an in-house development based on know-how from the sulfuric acid production technology.","author":[{"family":"Schaaf","given":"Tanja"},{"family":"Grünig","given":"Jochen"},{"family":"Schuster","given":"Markus"},{"family":"Rothenfluh","given":"Tobias"},{"family":"Orth","given":"Andreas"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"DOI":"10.1186/s13705-014-0029-1","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-014-0029-1","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2895208262","type":"article-journal","title":"Achieving energy neutrality in wastewater treatment plants through energy savings and enhancing renewable energy production","abstract":"Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) consume high amounts of energy which is mostly purchased from the grid. During the past years, many ongoing measures have taken place to analyze the possible solutions for both reducing the energy consumption and increasing the renewable energy production in the plants. This review contains all possible aspects which may assist to move towards energy neutrality in WWTPs. The sources of energy in wastewater were introduced and different indicators to express the energy consumption were discussed with examples of the operating WWTPs worldwide. Furthermore, the pathways for energy consumption reductions were reviewed including the operational strategies and the novel technological upgrades of the wastewater treatment processes. Then the methods of recovering the potential energy hidden in wastewater were described along with application of renewable energies in WWTPs. The available assessment methods, which may help in analyzing and comparing WWTPs in terms of energy and greenhouse gas emissions were introduced. Eventually, successful case studies on energy self-sufficiency of WWTPs were listed and the innovative projects in this area were presented.","author":[{"family":"Maktabifard","given":"Mojtaba"},{"family":"Zaborowska","given":"Ewa"},{"family":"Mąkinia","given":"Jacek"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.1007/s11157-018-9478-x","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-018-9478-x","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2953103152","type":"article-journal","title":"The Potential and Status of Renewable Energy Development in Malaysia","abstract":"The Malaysian Government has set an ambitious target to achieve a higher penetration of Renewable Energy (RE) in the Malaysian energy mix. To date, Malaysia has approximately 2% of its energy coming from RE generation sources compared to the total generation mix and targets achieving 20% penetration by 2025. The current energy mix for Malaysia power generation is mainly provided by natural gas and coal. The discussion will cover the traditional sources of generation including natural gas, coal and big hydro stations. In addition, the paper will cover in depth the potential of RE in the country, challenges, and opportunities in this sector. This study can give an initial evaluation of the Malaysian energy industry, especially for RE and can initiate further research and development in this area in order to support the Government target to achieve RE target of 20% by 2025.","author":[{"family":"Abdullah","given":"Wan"},{"family":"Osman","given":"Miszaina"},{"family":"Kadir","given":"Mohd"},{"family":"Verayiah","given":"Renuga"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.3390/en12122437","URL":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en12122437","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2142874296","type":"article-journal","title":"Role of Energy Storage with Renewable Electricity Generation","abstract":"Renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, have vast potential to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions in the electric sector. Climate change concerns, state initiatives including renewable portfolio standards, and consumer efforts are resulting in increased deployments of both technologies. Both solar photovoltaics (PV) and wind energy have variable and uncertain (sometimes referred to as intermittent) output, which are unlike the dispatchable sources used for the majority of electricity generation in the United States. The variability of these sources has led to concerns regarding the reliability of an electric grid that derives a large fraction of its energy from these sources as well as the cost of reliably integrating large amounts of variable generation into the electric grid. In this report, we explore the role of energy storage in the electricity grid, focusing on the effects of large-scale deployment of variable renewable sources (primarily wind and solar energy).","author":[{"family":"Denholm","given":"Paul"},{"family":"Ela","given":"Erik"},{"family":"Kirby","given":"Brendan"},{"family":"Milligan","given":"M"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010]]},"DOI":"10.2172/972169","URL":"https://doi.org/10.2172/972169","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W2901636259","type":"article-journal","title":"Renewable energy harvesting with the application of nanotechnology: A review","abstract":"It is believed that fossil fuel sources are exhaustible and also the major cause of greenhouse gas emission. Therefore, it is required to increase the portion of renewable energy sources in supplying the primary energy of the world. In this study, it is focused on application of nanotechnology in exploitation of renewable energy sources and the related technologies such as hydrogen production, solar cell, geothermal, and biofuel. Here, nanotechnologies influence on providing an alternative energy sources, which are environmentally benign, are comprehensively discussed and reviewed. Based on the literature, employing nanotechnology enhances the heat transfer rate in photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems and modifies PV structures, which can improve its performance, making fuel cells much cost-effective and improving the performance of biofuel industry through utilization of nanocatalysts, manufacturing materials with high durability and lower weight for wind energy industry.","author":[{"family":"Ahmadi","given":"Mohammad"},{"family":"Ahmadi","given":"Mohammad"},{"family":"Ghazvini","given":"Mahyar"},{"family":"Nazari","given":"Mohammad"},{"family":"Ahmadi","given":"Mohammad"},{"family":"Ahmadi","given":"Mohammad"},{"family":"Pourfayaz","given":"Fathollah"},{"family":"Lorenzini","given":"Giulio"},{"family":"Ming","given":"Tingzhen"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.1002/er.4282","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/er.4282","source":"openalex"},{"id":"doi:10.3390/ma17246209","type":"article-journal","title":"Advanced Characterization of Solid-State Battery Materials Using Neutron Scattering Techniques.","abstract":"Advanced batteries require advanced characterization techniques, and neutron scattering is one of the most powerful experimental methods available for studying next-generation battery materials. Neutron scattering offers a non-destructive method to probe the complex structural and chemical processes occurring in batteries during operation in truly in situ/in operando measurements with a high sensitivity to battery-relevant elements such as lithium. Neutrons have energies comparable to the energies of excitations in materials and wavelengths comparable to atomic distances in the solid state, thus giving access to study structural and dynamical properties of materials on an atomic scale. In this review, a broad overview of selected neutron scattering techniques is presented to illustrate how neutron scattering can be used to gain invaluable information of solid-state battery materials, with a focus on in situ/in operando methods. These techniques span multiple decades of length and time scales to uncover the complex processes taking place fundamentally on the atomic scale and to determine how these processes impact the macroscale properties and performance of functional battery systems. This review serves the solid-state battery research community by examining how the unique capabilities of neutron scattering can be applied to answer critical and unresolved questions of materials research in this field. A thorough and broad perspective is provided with numerous practical examples showing these techniques in action for battery research.","author":[{"family":"Novak","given":"Eric"},{"family":"Daemen","given":"Luke"},{"family":"Jalarvo","given":"Niina"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.3390/ma17246209","URL":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17246209","source":"europepmc"},{"id":"doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0401.v1","type":"manuscript","title":"Advancements and Challenges in Solid-State Battery Technology: An In-Depth Review of Solid Electrolytes and Anode Innovations","abstract":"The primary goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in solid-state batteries (SSBs), with a focus on recent advancements in solid electrolytes and anodes. The paper begins with a background on the evolution from liquid electrolyte lithium-ion batteries to advanced SSBs, highlighting their enhanced safety and energy density. It addresses the increasing demand for efficient, safe energy storage in applications like electric vehicles and portable electronics. A major part of the paper analyzes solid electrolytes, key to SSB technology. It classifies solid electrolytes as polymer-based, oxide-based, and sulfide-based, discussing their distinct properties and application suitability. The review also covers advancements in anode materials for SSBs, exploring materials like lithium metal, silicon, and intermetallic compounds, focusing on their capacity, durability, and compatibility with solid electrolytes. It addresses challenges in integrating these anode materials, like interface stability and lithium dendrite growth. This review includes a discussion on the latest analytical techniques, experimental studies, and computational models to understand and improve the anode-solid electrolyte interface. These are crucial for tackling interfacial resistance and ensuring SSBs&amp;#039; long-term stability and efficiency. Concluding, the paper suggests future research and development directions, highlighting SSBs&amp;#039; potential in revolutionizing energy storage technologies. This review serves as a vital resource for academics, researchers, and industry professionals in advanced battery technology development. It offers a detailed overview of materials and technologies shaping SSBs&amp;#039; future, providing insights into current challenges and potential solutions in this rapidly evolving field.","author":[{"family":"Machín","given":"Abniel"},{"family":"Morant","given":"Carmen"},{"family":"Márquez","given":"Francisco"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.20944/preprints202401.0401.v1","URL":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202401.0401.v1","source":"europepmc"},{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41524-023-00981-1","type":"article-journal","title":"Accurate prediction of oxygen vacancy concentration with disordered A-site cations in high-entropy perovskite oxides","abstract":"Abstract Entropic stabilized ABO 3 perovskite oxides promise many applications, including the two-step solar thermochemical hydrogen (STCH) production. Using binary and quaternary A-site mixed {A}FeO 3 as a model system, we reveal that as more cation types, especially above four, are mixed on the A-site, the cell lattice becomes more cubic-like but the local Fe–O octahedrons are more distorted. By comparing four different Density Functional Theory-informed statistical models with experiments, we show that the oxygen vacancy formation energies ( $${E}_{V}^{f}$$ E V f ) distribution and the vacancy interactions must be considered to predict the oxygen non-stoichiometry ( δ ) accurately. For STCH applications, the $${E}_{V}^{f}$$ E V f distribution, including both the average and the spread, can be optimized jointly to improve Δ δ (difference of δ between the two-step conditions) in some hydrogen production levels. This model can be used to predict the range of water splitting that can be thermodynamically improved by mixing cations in {A}FeO 3 perovskites.","author":[{"family":"Park","given":"Jiyun"},{"family":"Xu","given":"Boyuan"},{"family":"Pan","given":"Jie"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Dawei"},{"family":"Lany","given":"Stephan"},{"family":"Liu","given":"Xingbo"},{"family":"Luo","given":"Jian"},{"family":"Qi","given":"Yue"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.1038/s41524-023-00981-1","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41524-023-00981-1","source":"crossref"},{"id":"doi:10.13137/2035-6633/38720","type":"article-journal","title":"Dilemmi e contraddizioni ambientali e sociali della transizione energetica in Brasile","abstract":"Environmental and social dilemmas and contradictions of the energy transition in Brazil The author analyses some aspects of the energy transition in Brazil, emphasizing that, although the country has managed to base 50% of its energy matrix on renewable sources for the first time in 2024, this progress is not exempt from dilemmas and contradictions, both environmental and social.","author":[{"family":"Silva","given":"Gerardo"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.13137/2035-6633/38720","URL":"https://doi.org/10.13137/2035-6633/38720","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.34734/fzj-2025-04393","type":"article-journal","title":"H2Atlas-Africa Final project report; 1","abstract":"The menace of climate change is a global threat and the urgent need to decarbonize calls fora global action. Africa, though being the least contributor to global warming, has a huge renewableenergy potential, which if harnessed can suffice for a 100% electricity access to the localpopulation as well as ensuring supply for the other sectors of the economy. Beyond meetingclean energy access for all, renewable energy resources such as wind and solar can be usedto produce green hydrogen. It can open-up economic opportunities along the full value chainof green hydrogen and, hence, can create jobs for the local people. It will enable the region toactively participate in the upcoming future global hydrogen market.The H2Atlas-Africa project has investigated the potential of producing green hydrogen fromselected countries in East, West and Southern Africa, taking into account technological, environmentaland socioeconomic conditions prevailing in each country. This project funded by theGerman Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) assesses the available renewableenergy, land and water resources that are necessary for green hydrogen production aswell as further logistic and political framework conditions that can affect green hydrogen production,its utilization in Africa and the possibility of export. The work done here leveraged thecompetence of an interdisciplinary team at the Forschungszentrum Jülich and the cooperationwith African partners namely the West African Science Service Centre on Climate Change andAdapted Land Use (WASCAL), Accra Ghana and the Southern African Science Service Centrefor Climate Change and Adaptive Land Management (SASSCAL), Windhoek, Namibia andsupport teams in the different countries investigated. In close consultation with these partners,the local preferences, and peculiar contexts are factored in to ensure that there are no conflictsof resource use such as land and water.For the assessment of the technical green hydrogen potentials within the considered countriesa multidisciplinary approach was applied deeply embedding the views and preferences of theAfrican partners. This approach includes identifying eligible placements for renewable energytechnologies such as wind turbines and open-field photovoltaic as well as existing and plannedhydropower plants and calculating their respective electricity feed-in time series. Those renewableenergy potentials combined with the sustainable groundwater yield under different climatechange scenarios form the basis for the optimized local energy system designs to producegreen hydrogen at least cost. The maximum producible amount of green hydrogen representsthe technical potential of green hydrogen in each region if all renewable energies are solelyused for its production. These technical cost-potentials of green hydrogen under climatic andenvironmental constraints are complemented by socioeconomic indicators.Through extensive workshops and bilateral meetings local regulations on 33 distinct criteriafor siting renewable technologies were collected2. The aim was to incorporate the input of regionalstakeholders, including community members, governmental bodies, and internationalinstitutions. Despite the vast size of the continental regions examined, our study revealed thatonly 25-35% of the land area could accommodate open-field PV parks, while approximately16-32% of the land area could support onshore wind turbines 1.Our findings demonstrate that renewable electricity has enormous technical potential of 577PWh/a when aggregated across all evaluated countries and can be generated at relatively lowcosts. For instance, by 2030, Mauritania could produce electricity at just over 2 Ct€/kWh, afigure that could potentially drop to 1.5 Ct€/kWh by 2050. By 2050, most locations in the analyzedregions could produce electricity at costs below 2 Ct€/kWh, offering a promising avenuefor cost-effective and eco-friendly local electricity supply and green hydrogen production. 116To","author":[{"family":"Agbo","given":"Solomon"},{"family":"Bayat","given":"Bagher"},{"family":"Brendt","given":"Jeerawan"},{"family":"Brauner","given":"Simon"},{"family":"Franzmann","given":"David"},{"family":"Heinrichs","given":"Heidi"},{"family":"Hendricks-Franssen","given":"Harrie"},{"family":"Ishmam","given":"Shitab"},{"family":"Körner","given":"Celine"},{"family":"Kuckshinrichs","given":"Wilhelm"},{"family":"Linssen","given":"Jochen"},{"family":"Lahnaoui","given":"Amin"},{"family":"Michael","given":"Youpele"},{"family":"Montzka","given":"Carsten"},{"family":"Oloruntoba","given":"Bamidele"},{"family":"Pena Sanchez","given":"Edgar"},{"family":"Stolten","given":"Detlef"},{"family":"Venghaus","given":"Sandra"},{"family":"Vereecken","given":"Harry"},{"family":"Winkler","given":"Christoph"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.34734/fzj-2025-04393","URL":"https://doi.org/10.34734/fzj-2025-04393","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20184266","type":"article-journal","title":"GeoWorld: Geospatial Framework for Renewable Energy Assessment, Thermal Fleet Replacement and GHG Abatement","abstract":"Tag version: v1.0.0 Description: First stable release of the GeoWorld framework. Without main.py due to adjustments Features: Complete GIS-MCDA-AHP-TOPSIS pipeline LCOE calculation for solar, wind, hydro, biomass Modular architecture (9 modules) Example notebooks for Brazil, South Africa, India","author":[{"family":"Silva De Oliveira","given":"Douglas"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20184266","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20184266","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5880/pik.2024.002","type":"article-journal","title":"Interactive webapp for techno-economic analysis of green value chains","abstract":"This interactive webapp can be used to reproduce figures from an accompanying article by the same authors that studies the renewables pull and its impact on industrial relocation for future global green value chains of energy-intensive basic materials. Some of the main assumptions, i.e. the electricity prices and the transport cost can be changed here when generating the figures. We employ techno-economic assessments to compute the levelised cost of production for the studied green (i.e. low-carbon) value chains of steel, urea, and ethylene for cases of varying depth of relocation. The results show that substantial relocation savings for the levelised cost of production can be anticipated for full relocation of the studied value chains. Moreover, by studying cases of varying depth of relocation, we can demonstrate that a large share of the energy-cost savings is associated with relocating electrolysis to more renewable-favourable locations, yet the high transportation cost of shipping-based hydrogen imports result in only minor overall relocation savings. For more advanced changes and detailed information on the input data and methodology, we encourage users to inspect the article, its supplement, and the source code written in Python.","author":[{"family":"Verpoort","given":"Philipp"},{"family":"Gast","given":"Lukas"},{"family":"Hofmann","given":"Anke"},{"family":"Ueckerdt","given":"Falko"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.5880/pik.2024.002","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5880/pik.2024.002","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.14224511","type":"article-journal","title":"Distributed Multiport Converters for Renewable Energy Integration","abstract":"This master's thesis investigates the role of multiport power converters (MPCs) in enhancing the resilience and efficiency of distribution grids. The research focuses on reducing energy not supplied (ENS) and facilitating the integration of distributed energy resources (DER). Utilizing a modified IEEE 33-bus test system, simulations were conducted to evaluate the performance of MPCs under various scenarios, including single- and double-line failures and grid-forming and grid-following operation modes of distributed generation (DG) units. Despite that in the base case the electrical performance of the distribution grid is already acceptable, the study reveals that MPCs significantly improve grid performance, particularly in voltage regulation and loss reduction. Economic feasibility analysis indicates that partial-scale MPCs provide a more cost-effective solution for grid performance enhancement. Additionally, the research assesses the potential revenue from battery energy storage systems (BESS) participation in electricity markets, highlighting the revenues from day-ahead markets and ancillary services markets. The findings support the adoption of MPCs as a viable strategy for modernizing distribution networks to accommodate increasing DER integration and achieve sustainable energy objectives.","author":[{"family":"Solagran Jufré","given":"Marc"},{"family":"Muñoz-Peña","given":"Paula"},{"family":"Gomis-Bellmunt","given":"Oriol"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.14224511","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14224511","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.14224512","type":"article-journal","title":"Distributed Multiport Converters for Renewable Energy Integration","abstract":"This master's thesis investigates the role of multiport power converters (MPCs) in enhancing the resilience and efficiency of distribution grids. The research focuses on reducing energy not supplied (ENS) and facilitating the integration of distributed energy resources (DER). Utilizing a modified IEEE 33-bus test system, simulations were conducted to evaluate the performance of MPCs under various scenarios, including single- and double-line failures and grid-forming and grid-following operation modes of distributed generation (DG) units. Despite that in the base case the electrical performance of the distribution grid is already acceptable, the study reveals that MPCs significantly improve grid performance, particularly in voltage regulation and loss reduction. Economic feasibility analysis indicates that partial-scale MPCs provide a more cost-effective solution for grid performance enhancement. Additionally, the research assesses the potential revenue from battery energy storage systems (BESS) participation in electricity markets, highlighting the revenues from day-ahead markets and ancillary services markets. The findings support the adoption of MPCs as a viable strategy for modernizing distribution networks to accommodate increasing DER integration and achieve sustainable energy objectives.","author":[{"family":"Solagran Jufré","given":"Marc"},{"family":"Muñoz-Peña","given":"Paula"},{"family":"Gomis-Bellmunt","given":"Oriol"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.14224512","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14224512","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19454748","type":"article-journal","title":"Proof Engine Verification: Renewable energy (solar + wind) can replace fossil fuels without major grid upgrades or backups.","abstract":"Verdict: DISPROVED - Both sub-claims disproved. The IEA, IRENA, and EIA all explicitly state that grid upgrades and energy storage are essential for integrating high shares of solar and wind power. - Grid investment must nearly double — from ~$300B/year to over $600B/year by 2030 — just to keep pace with renewable deployment (B1). - Energy storage is not optional. 24 GW of battery storage is planned for 2026 in the U.S. alone (B6), and the IEA states flexibility needs will double by 2030 (B4). - **No c","author":[{"family":"Engine","given":"Proof"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19454748","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19454748","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20705913","type":"article-journal","title":"Kazakhstan Renewable Energy Investment Funds and Green Finance 2026","abstract":"Comprehensive registry of registered business entities in Kazakhstan and Central Asia. Data sourced from official state registries and compiled by Statsnet (https://statsnet.co), a business intelligence platform for Central Asia. Includes company names, registration numbers, activity codes, and regulatory status. Source: https://statsnet.co","author":[{"family":"Team","given":"Statsnet"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20705913","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20705913","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20705914","type":"article-journal","title":"Kazakhstan Renewable Energy Investment Funds and Green Finance 2026","abstract":"Comprehensive registry of registered business entities in Kazakhstan and Central Asia. Data sourced from official state registries and compiled by Statsnet (https://statsnet.co), a business intelligence platform for Central Asia. Includes company names, registration numbers, activity codes, and regulatory status. Source: https://statsnet.co","author":[{"family":"Team","given":"Statsnet"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20705914","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20705914","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.22541/au.167896508.88159215/v1","type":"article-journal","title":"Research progress of all-solid-state Li-ion battery","abstract":"Li-ion batteries are widely used in electronic products, such as electric vehicles, mobile phones, computers. The electrolytes currently used in batteries are mostly organic liquids, which are less safe. In order to fundamentally improve the safety of batteries, the use of solid electrolytes instead of the once organic liquid electrolytes is gradually becoming a major trend. The ultimate goal is to improve the battery in terms of large capacity and extended service life and then push forward the normalization of all-solid-state Li-ion batteries in an all-around way. The current priority is to develop key battery materials and optimize battery performance. Starting from the key materials of all-solid-state Li-ion batteries, this paper reviews the various types of solid electrolytes, investigates the performance characteristics of positive and negative electrodes, the optimization methods of interfaces, and discusses the challenges ahead for further technology improvement.","author":[{"family":"Duan","given":"Mingyang"},{"family":"Lv","given":"Xiaojuan"},{"family":"Liu","given":"Songtao"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.22541/au.167896508.88159215/v1","URL":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.167896508.88159215/v1","source":"preprints"},{"id":"doi:10.36227/techrxiv.173398052.21664551/v1","type":"article-journal","title":"Advances in Automated Handling of Sulfide-based Solid Electrolytes in All-Solid-State Battery Cell Stacking","abstract":"All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) are viewed as a consequential step in the development of rechargeable batteries for enabling higher energy and power densities, particularly with sulfide-based solid electrolytes (SEs). Contrasting these benefits, their low resistance to mechanical loads introduces productionrelated challenges during cell assembly,especially component handling. The present research investigates the handling of sulfide-based SEs (Lithium phosphorus sulfur chloride) in ASSB cell stacking with various state-of-the-art grippers to identify optimization potentials. The experimental design systematically evaluates key parameters such as holding force, gripper speed, and deposition distance, in relation to the achievable deposition accuracy per ISO 9283. All tested grippers achieve deposition accuracies of less than 0.2 mm or 0.2° in 74% of parameter settings. The highest accuracies are observed with a vacuum suction gripper with a Polytetrafluoroethylene contact surface,operated at defined process conditions. These insights benefit the further development towards the accurate and secure handling within future ASSB manufacturing.","author":[{"family":"Nguyen","given":"Do"},{"family":"Scharmann","given":"Timon"},{"family":"Dröder","given":"Klaus"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.36227/techrxiv.173398052.21664551/v1","URL":"https://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.173398052.21664551/v1","source":"crossref"},{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2968801/v1","type":"article-journal","title":"Analysis of Renewable Energy Consumption and Economy Considering the Joint Optimal Allocation of \"Renewable Energy + Energy Storage + Condenser\"","abstract":"Abstract The power system presents a \"double high\" characteristic with an increased renewable energy penetration rate. Taking renewable energy as the main body brings significant challenges to the safe and stable operation of the power grid. On the one hand, the voltage support capacity of the renewable energy grid point must be improved due to the weak support of renewable energy power generation equipment. There is a severe energy phenomenon of abandonment and power limitation. On the other hand, due to the volatility and randomness of the renewable energy output, the power abandonment of renewable energy is serious. \"Renewable energy + energy storage + condenser\" joint intelligent control and optimization technology can effectively improve the limit of renewable energy delivery capacity, improve the utilization rate of renewable energy, and meet the demand for renewable energy delivery and consumption. Firstly, according to the definition of the MRSCR index, the mechanism of distributed condensers to improve the short circuit ratio is analyzed. Secondly, taking the minimum total cost of system operation as the optimization objective, a time series production simulation optimization model is established, and a time series production simulation optimization method considering the joint optimization configuration of \"renewable energy + energy storage + condenser\" is proposed. Finally, through the joint calculation of BPA, SCCP, and production simulation model, the actual large-scale renewable energy and thermal power are combined through the AC/DC transmission system as an example to verify. The research results show that \"Renewable energy + energy storage + condenser\" joint intelligent control and optimization technology can improve renewable energy sending and absorbing capacity and bring good economic benefits.","author":[{"family":"Wang","given":"Zesen"},{"family":"Li","given":"Qi"},{"family":"Kong","given":"Shuaihao"},{"family":"Li","given":"Weiyu"},{"family":"Luo","given":"Jing"},{"family":"Huang","given":"Tianxiao"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2968801/v1","URL":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2968801/v1","source":"crossref"},{"id":"doi:10.1149/ma2024-02674548mtgabs","type":"article-journal","title":"Towards a Degradation-Free Solid-State Lithium-Sulfur Battery Using Sulfide Glassy Solid-State Electrolytes","abstract":"Solid-state batteries present several possible advantages over current lithium-ion batteries, including their enabling of higher capacity lithium anodes, and their removal of flammable organic liquid electrolytes. Sulfide glasses are of particular interest due to their high conductivity, low processing temperatures, and their ability to be formed without grain boundaries. Glasses in the Li 2 S – SiS 2 – Li x MO y phase space are being studied for use in lithium-sulfur batteries. While these glasses may appear to be stable against lithium metal during symmetric cell cycling and cyclic voltammetry, they appear to exhibit degradation during full cell cycling. In this study, this degradation is explored through full cell cycling, scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Multiple glass compositions were explored for their degradation behavior to find a composition that is stable for use in lithium-sulfur batteries, particularly with LiPO 3 and Li x SiO y as salt dopants to the Li 2 S – SiS 2 parent glass system. The full cells were made using composite cathodes consisting of planetary ball milled glassy solid electrolytes mixed with carbon and lithium sulfide to generate triple-junctions for optimum capacity.","author":[{"family":"Wheaton","given":"Jacob"},{"family":"Leland","given":"Stuart"},{"family":"Martin","given":"Steve"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.1149/ma2024-02674548mtgabs","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02674548mtgabs","source":"crossref"},{"id":"doi:10.1002/bte2.20230041","type":"article-journal","title":"A review of all‐solid‐state lithium‐selenium batteries","abstract":"Abstract Rechargeable lithium‐selenium batteries (LSeBs) are promising candidates for next‐generation energy storage systems due to their exceptional theoretical volumetric energy density (3253 mAh cm −3 ). However, akin to lithium‐sulfur batteries, the adoption of LSeBs has been hampered by problems such as polyselenides migration in liquid electrolytes, uncontrolled dendrite growth and safety concerns. To overcome these issues, researchers proposed to use the solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) as a method, which could mitigate the formation of polyselenides. However, practical utilization of the all‐solid‐state Li‐Se batteries (ASSLSeBs) face significant obstacles, including sluggish redox kinetics during Se conversion (Se ↔ Li 2 Se), inadequate interfacial contact and formation of Li dendrites. Scientists have applied strategies to tackle these challenges. This article offers a timely review of emerging strategies. The article begins by conducting a detailed analysis of the working principles of ASSLSeBs and identifying the critical challenges that hinder practical application. Subsequently, the article presents a comprehensive summary of various strategies aimed at boosting the development of ASSLSeBs, which encompass advancements in Se cathode materials, optimization of SSEs, design of stable Li anodes, and approaches in addressing the interfacial challenge. Finally, the article offers further perspectives about promoting the application of ASSLSeBs. It highlights the need for continued research and development to overcome existing limitations. Overall, by understanding these emerging strategies, researchers could enhance the technology of LSeBs, bringing us closer to the practical realization of high‐energy storage systems.","author":[{"family":"Guo","given":"Baiyu"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Liqiang"},{"family":"Tang","given":"Yongfu"},{"family":"Huang","given":"Jianyu"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.1002/bte2.20230041","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bte2.20230041","source":"crossref"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21559586","type":"article-journal","title":"Sample Holder for the Measurement of AC conductivity of Solid Electrolyte","abstract":"The development alternative energy source is a race among the researchers from last five decades. Even today the scientist and labs are trying to find the competitive materials which will have high reliability in energy source like Solid state battery. The materials used in solid state battery called as solid electrolytes. The high ionic conductivity is the dior and prior need of this solid electrolyte. The measurement of ionic conductivity is always a challenging for the researcher, where a good sample holder satisfying the requirement of the AC conductivity measurement is the need. The effect of pressure, frequency and temperature are the common parameters of measured to understand the properties of the solid electrolyte .In the present paper the design of sample holder and various properties related to sample holder are discussed.","author":[{"family":"Av","given":"Nande"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21559586","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21559586","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21559587","type":"article-journal","title":"Sample Holder for the Measurement of AC conductivity of Solid Electrolyte","abstract":"The development alternative energy source is a race among the researchers from last five decades. Even today the scientist and labs are trying to find the competitive materials which will have high reliability in energy source like Solid state battery. The materials used in solid state battery called as solid electrolytes. The high ionic conductivity is the dior and prior need of this solid electrolyte. The measurement of ionic conductivity is always a challenging for the researcher, where a good sample holder satisfying the requirement of the AC conductivity measurement is the need. The effect of pressure, frequency and temperature are the common parameters of measured to understand the properties of the solid electrolyte .In the present paper the design of sample holder and various properties related to sample holder are discussed.","author":[{"family":"Av","given":"Nande"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21559587","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21559587","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.34657/10210","type":"article-journal","title":"P2-type layered high-entropy oxides as sodium-ion cathode materials","abstract":"P2-type layered oxides with the general Na-deficient composition NaxTMO2 (x &lt; 1, TM: transition metal) are a promising class of cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries. The open Na+ transport pathways present in the structure lead to low diffusion barriers and enable high charge/discharge rates. However, a phase transition from P2 to O2 structure occurring above 4.2 V and metal dissolution at low potentials upon discharge results in rapid capacity degradation. In this work, we demonstrate the positive effect of configurational entropy on the stability of the crystal structure during battery operation. Three different compositions of layered P2-type oxides were synthesized by solid-state chemistry, Na0.67(Mn0.55Ni0.21Co0.24)O2, Na0.67(Mn0.45Ni0.18Co0.24Ti0.1Mg0.03)O2 and Na0.67(Mn0.45Ni0.18Co0.18Ti0.1Mg0.03Al0.04Fe0.02)O2 with low, medium and high configurational entropy, respectively. The high-entropy cathode material shows lower structural transformation and Mn dissolution upon cycling in a wide voltage range from 1.5 to 4.6 V. Advanced operando techniques and post-mortem analysis were used to probe the underlying reaction mechanism thoroughly. Overall, the high-entropy strategy is a promising route for improving the electrochemical performance of P2 layered oxide cathodes for advanced sodium-ion battery applications.","author":[{"family":"Wang","given":"Junbo"},{"family":"Dreyer","given":"Sören"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Kai"},{"family":"Ding","given":"Ziming"},{"family":"Diemant","given":"Thomas"},{"family":"Karkera","given":"Guruprakash"},{"family":"Ma","given":"Yanjiao"},{"family":"Sarkar","given":"Abhishek"},{"family":"Zhou","given":"Bei"},{"family":"Gorbunov","given":"Mikhail"},{"family":"Omar","given":"Ahmad"},{"family":"Mikhailova","given":"Daria"},{"family":"Presser","given":"Volker"},{"family":"Fichtner","given":"Maximilian"},{"family":"Hahn","given":"Horst"},{"family":"Brezesinski","given":"Torsten"},{"family":"Breitung","given":"Ben"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Qingsong"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.34657/10210","URL":"https://doi.org/10.34657/10210","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.1002/bte2.20240004","type":"article-journal","title":"Lithium spreading layer consisting of nickel particles enables stable cycling of aluminum anode in all‐solid‐state battery","abstract":"Abstract Developing promising substitutes of lithium (Li) metal anode that suffers from a serious interfacial instability against the solid electrolyte (SE) is a formidable challenge for the all‐solid‐state battery. Aluminum (Al), a highly potential candidate owing to its high specific capacity and relatively low working potential, however, cannot withstand stable cycling in all‐solid‐state battery due to the fast structural collapse caused by the solid/solid contact at the Al/SE interface. Herein, a Li spreading layer consisting of metallic nickel (Ni) particles at the Al surface is proposed to raise the performance of Al anode in all‐solid‐state battery. Owing to the immiscibility between Ni and Li solid phases, this Li spreading layer can enable a uniform distribution of Li atoms over the electrode surface followed by a stable Li–Al alloying/dealloying processes, suppressing the stress deformation at the Al/SE interface and significantly improving the cycling performance of Al anode in all‐solid‐state battery. The modified Al anode not only outperforms the bare Al significantly, but also exhibits superior cyclability and rate ability compared with the Li anode. This work provides an efficient strategy to promote the application of Al anode in all‐solid‐state battery, and is expected to be generalized for other alloy anodes.","author":[{"family":"Chai","given":"Jingjing"},{"family":"Song","given":"Libo"},{"family":"Li","given":"Zhendong"},{"family":"Peng","given":"Zhe"},{"family":"Yao","given":"Xiayin"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.1002/bte2.20240004","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bte2.20240004","source":"crossref"},{"id":"doi:10.3390/batteries10010024","type":"article-journal","title":"An Industrial Perspective and Intellectual Property Landscape on Solid-State Battery Technology with a Focus on Solid-State Electrolyte Chemistries","abstract":"This review focuses on the promising technology of solid-state batteries (SSBs) that utilize lithium metal and solid electrolytes. SSBs offer significant advantages in terms of high energy density and enhanced safety. This review categorizes solid electrolytes into four classes: polymer, oxide, hybrid, and sulfide solid electrolytes. Each class has its own unique characteristics and benefits. By exploring these different classes, this review aims to shed light on the diversity of materials and their contributions to the advancement of SSB technology. In order to gain insights into the latest technological developments and identify potential avenues for accelerating the progress of SSBs, this review examines the intellectual property landscape related to solid electrolytes. Thus, this review focuses on the recent SSB technology patent filed by the main companies in this area, chosen based on their contribution and influence in the field of batteries. The analysis of the patent application was performed through the Espacenet database. The number of patents related to SSBs from Toyota, Samsung, and LG is very important; they represent more than 3400 patents, the equivalent of 2/3 of the world’s patent production in the field of SSBs. In addition to focusing on these three famous companies, we also focused on 15 other companies by analyzing a hundred patents. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the strategies employed by various companies in the field of solid-state battery technologies, bridging the gap between applied and academic research. Some of the technologies presented in this review have already been commercialized and, certainly, an acceleration in SSB industrialization will be seen in the years to come.","author":[{"family":"Karkar","given":"Zouina"},{"family":"Houache","given":"Mohamed"},{"family":"Yim","given":"Chae"},{"family":"Abu-Lebdeh","given":"Yaser"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.3390/batteries10010024","URL":"https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10010024","source":"crossref"},{"id":"doi:10.1002/ece2.14","type":"article-journal","title":"Electrothermal model of all‐solid‐state lithium battery with composite solid‐state electrolyte","abstract":"Abstract For secondary batteries, thermal runaway has become the main issue, and how to solve it is full of challenges. In this work, a universal thermal model for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) was proposed, which was validated by using commercially available 18650 batteries as well as testing the electrochemical parameters of a Poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)–bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt(LiTFSI)–Li 2 MnO 3 (LMO) (PLL) composite solid‐state electrolyte (CSSE), while a computational model was developed for all‐solid‐state LIBs (ASSLIBs) based on PLL CSSE. The simulation results show that the maximum temperature of ASSLIBs based on PLL CSSE and commercial standards are both significantly lower than the thermal runaway temperature of solid‐state electrolyte. However, as the temperature of the battery varies greatly under different operating conditions, it will cause great difficulties in the control of other ancillary components and even finally lead to certain safety issues. Therefore, from the perspective of performance and practical application, the CSSE should be improved toward improving the ionic conductivity at low temperatures to have more commercial prospects, and lower interfacial impedance and a higher lithium ion migration number would also be beneficial for optimizing the thermal behavior of ASSLIBs to achieve better commercial prospects.","author":[{"family":"Liu","given":"Zhao"},{"family":"Peng","given":"Shang"},{"family":"Xiaokaiti","given":"Pairuzha"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Juan"},{"family":"You","given":"Hongxin"},{"family":"Abudula","given":"Abuliti"},{"family":"Guan","given":"Guoqing"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.1002/ece2.14","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece2.14","source":"crossref"},{"id":"doi:10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-zm8kx-v2","type":"manuscript","title":"Using resistor network models to predict the transport properties of solid-state battery composites","abstract":"Solid-state batteries use composites of solid ion conductors and active materials as electrode materials. The effective transport of charge carriers and heat thereby strongly determines the overall solid-state battery performance and safety. However, the phase space for optimization of the composition of solid electrolyte, active material, additive is too large to cover experimentally. In this work, a resistor network model is presented that successfully describes the transport phenomena in solid-state battery composites, when benchmarked against experimental data of the electronic, ionic, and thermal conductivity of LiNi0.83Co0.11Mn0.06O2-Li6PS5Cl cathode composites. To highlight the broadness of the approach, literature data are examined using the proposed model. As the model is easily accessible and expandable, without the need for high computing power, it offers valuable guidance for experimentalists helping to streamline the tedious process of performing a multitude of experiments to understand and optimize the effective transport of composite electrodes.","author":[{"family":"Ketter","given":"Lukas"},{"family":"Greb","given":"Niklas"},{"family":"Bernges","given":"Tim"},{"family":"Zeier","given":"Wolfgang"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-zm8kx-v2","URL":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-zm8kx-v2","source":"crossref"},{"id":"doi:10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-zm8kx","type":"manuscript","title":"Using resistor network models to predict the transport properties of solid-state battery composites","abstract":"Solid-state batteries use composites of solid ion conductors and active materials as electrode materials. The effective transport of charge carriers and heat thereby strongly determines the overall solid-state battery performance and safety. However, the phase space for optimization of the composition of solid electrolyte, active material, additive is too large to cover experimentally. In this work, a resistor network model is presented that successfully describes the transport phenomena in solid-state battery composites, when benchmarked against experimental data of the electronic, ionic, and thermal conductivity of LiNi0.83Co0.11Mn0.06O2-Li6PS5Cl cathode composites. To highlight the broadness of the approach, literature data are examined using the proposed model. As the model is easily accessible and expandable, without the need for high computing power, it offers valuable guidance for experimentalists helping to streamline the tedious process of performing a multitude of experiments to understand and optimize the effective transport of composite electrodes.","author":[{"family":"Ketter","given":"Lukas"},{"family":"Greb","given":"Niklas"},{"family":"Bernges","given":"Tim"},{"family":"Zeier","given":"Wolfgang"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-zm8kx","URL":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-zm8kx","source":"crossref"},{"id":"doi:10.5061/dryad.pk0p2nh4d","type":"article-journal","title":"Data from: Fire safety profiles of lithium metal batteries: From liquid to all-solid-state","abstract":"This study analyzes data from burn tests on full cells of various lithium-containing chemistries. Results from the study show that solid-state ceramic separators may help slow the propagation of the lithium oxidation reaction during cell burn tests. The files stored in this database are all of the video files recorded of the burn tests for each sample reported in the study. For any queries regarding the videos, please contact the corresponding author.","author":[{"family":"Fakkema","given":"Jonathan"},{"family":"Kazyak","given":"Eric"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5061/dryad.pk0p2nh4d","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.pk0p2nh4d","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.26902/jsc_id126498","type":"article-journal","title":"Synthesis of Garnet-type Solid Electrolyte for All-Solid-State Battery Application","abstract":"The Ga-doped Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) Solid State Electrolyte (SSE) has been synthesized via solid-state reaction. The structural study of the SSE was conducted with the help of X-ray diffraction and the Rietveld method. The SSE crystallizes in the Li6.25Ga0.15La2.90Zr2O12 phase with cubic space group number 220 and unit cell parameter 13.02081 Å, and La2Zr2O7 impurity phase with cubic space group number 227 and unit cell parameter 10.79475 Å. Obtained lattice planes in the refinement were confirmed with the help of TEM. The core of the Li-ion migration channel has been defined as the loop formed by the Li32, Li1, Li2, and Li22 sites with minimal Li...Li distance and occupational disorganization of the Ga-doped LLZO SSE. The electron density plots of the Li6.25Ga0.15La2.90Zr2O12 phase have shown maximum distribution of electrons inside the unit cell for lanthanum atoms. XPS confirmed the presence of all the precursors i.e., Li, La, Zr, Ga, and O in the synthesized compound. The elemental composition was confirmed with the help of EDX. In the direct current charge-discharge behavior of the Li symmetric cell no voltage breakdown was observed even at 6 mAcm‑2 current density and after 400 charge/discharge cycles for over 200 hours.","author":[{"family":"Mishra","given":"AK"},{"family":"Shaikh","given":"N"},{"family":"Patel","given":"YK"},{"family":"Mukhopadhyay","given":"I"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.26902/jsc_id126498","URL":"https://doi.org/10.26902/jsc_id126498","source":"crossref"},{"id":"doi:10.1149/ma2024-0281065mtgabs","type":"article-journal","title":"Correlation between Active Material/Solid Electrolyte Interface Formation and Cell Performance in All-Solid-State Battery","abstract":"Research for All-Solid-State Battery (ASSB) aimed at EVs have attracted the attention around the world, and Solid Electrolytes (SE) have been actively developed to improve performance [1,2] . While higher ionic conductivity is required, another key issue in electrode design for ASSB is how to form and maintain the active material (AM)/solid electrolyte (SE) interface. Therefore, we have been working on developing a quantitative evaluation method for AM/SE interface of ASSB. The state of surface-charge at the AM/SE interface of the electrode mixture in the initial state was evaluated by utilizing the Alternating-Current-impedance (AC impedance) test of a symmetrical cell composed of an electrode mixture layer/SE layer/electrode mixture layer. As a result, we found that it was possible to quantify the contact state at the AM/SE interface [3] . Li 3 PS 4 -LiBH 4 (LPS-LBH) solid electrolyte has the argyrodite-type structure, is promising SE that has both high ionic conductivity of approximately 10 -2 mS/cm and high formability [4] . Comparison of LPS-LBH and a general argyrodite SE (ex. Li x PS 6-x Cl x , LPSCl) solid electrolyte, LPS-LBH shows superior formability properties. When used as a solid electrolyte in an electrode mixture using NCM 523 and LPS-LBH similarly exhibits superior formability properties. When used as SE in the electrode mixture for example NCM 523 similarly exhibits superior formability properties. This is due to the excellent formability of LPS-LBH. To analysis more detailed of the excellent formability of LPS-LBH, the amount of surface charge at the AM/SE interface in LPS-LBH and LPSCl was evaluated using the AC impedance method described above. Comparing each solid electrolyte at the same volume fraction, LPS-LBH shows about 1.2 to 1.3 times higher surface charge to LPSCl. LPS-LBH has lower charge transfer resistance than LPSCl in the cathode half-cell, and we confirmed that there is a clear proportional correlation between this surface charge of AM/SE interface and charge transfer resistance. From these results, we revealed that LPS-LBH is promising SE that has great material properties. In this research, we quantitatively evaluated the contact state at the AM/SE interface in ASSB using the AC impedance method and verified its correlation with electrochemical performances. We also examine how the contact state at AM/SE interface changes with changes in pressure, and discuss design direction for SE used in electrode composites. 【Acknowledgments】 This study was supported by the SOLiD-NEXT project (JPNP23005) commissioned by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO). 【References】 [1] Y. Kato, S. Hori, T. Saito, K. Suzuki, M. Hirayama, A. Mitsui, M. Yonemura, H. Iba, R. Kanno, Nat. Energy, 1 (2016), 16030. [2] Y. Morino, H. Sano, S. Kawaguchi, S. Hori, A. Sakuda, T. Takahashi, N. Miyashita, A. Hayashi, and R. Kanno J. Phys. Chem, 127 (2023) 18678 [3] H. Iden, A. Ohma, Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 693 (2013) 34 [4] Daiwei Wang, Li-Ji Jhang, Rong Kou, Meng Liao, Shiyao Zheng, Heng Jiang, Pei Shi, Guo-Xing Li, Kui Meng &amp; Donghai Wang, Nat. Com, 14 (2023) 1895","author":[{"family":"Kawaguchi","given":"Shusuke"},{"family":"Kuzuhara","given":"Minoru"},{"family":"Miyuki","given":"Takuhiro"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.1149/ma2024-0281065mtgabs","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-0281065mtgabs","source":"crossref"},{"id":"doi:10.36227/techrxiv.172833203.36555819/v1","type":"article-journal","title":"Drum Gripping Concept for Secured Orientation-Variable Handling in Solid-State Battery Cell Assembly","abstract":"As Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are forecasted to reach their technological optimization limits in the coming decade, next generation battery technologies, such as solid-state batteries (SSBs), are investigated to enable even higher energy and power densities. However, depending on the utilized solid electrolytes (SEs), the cell components exhibit low mechanical stability or an adhesive behavior with serious implications on handling during cell assembly. Additionally, mainly SSB cell components with one-sided coating are currently available, which limit the automated cell assembly to the production of bicells with challenges in securely changing the component's orientation during stacking with established gripping technologies. In the present research, a drum gripping concept for a secured change of the cell components' orientation along its pitch axis during handling is introduced. Especially relevant is the avoidance of undesirable folds in the materials which occur in dependence of the adjustable pressure difference and the gripper's rotation direction. To validate the applicability of the presented concept, an experimental evaluation of the deposition accuracy in relation to the supplied pressure difference with polymer-based SEs and lithium metal anodes is carried out. As key results, adequate deposition accuracies are achieved with deposition with the original orientation and for pressure differences of 0.5 bar. Overall, the proposed gripping concept can be viewed as a valid solution for a flexible automated cell assembly of early-stage test cells which are required for further developments towards the establishment of industry-scale SSB production.","author":[{"family":"Nguyen","given":"Do"},{"family":"Strauß","given":"Matthias"},{"family":"Scharmann","given":"Timon"},{"family":"Dröder","given":"Klaus"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.36227/techrxiv.172833203.36555819/v1","URL":"https://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.172833203.36555819/v1","source":"crossref"},{"id":"doi:10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-tqjmw","type":"manuscript","title":"Simulating Solid-State Battery Cathode Manufacturing via Wet-Processing with Resolved Active Material Geometries","abstract":"Prior to the development of a solid-state battery cell, researchers have limited knowledge about the microstructure of the electrodes and how they are affected by manufacturing. Therefore, numerical simulations can be considered as a powerful tool to link the fabrication process to the final microstructure of the electrode. In this paper, a numerical simulation of a wet-processed solid-state battery cathode with a formulation of 75 % LiNi9Mn0.5Co0.5O2 (NMC), 17.5 %LPSCl, 5 % Timcal C65 and 2.5 % Polyisobutene (PIB) is presented. From nano-computed tomography images, realistic shapes of active material particles are extracted and used in the simulation, which is well-calibrated to experimental data. In particular, we study the effects of calendering on the microstructure of the simulated cathode and deduce structure-property relations.","author":[{"family":"Weitze","given":"Dennis"},{"family":"Zanotto","given":"Franco"},{"family":"Zapata-Dominguez","given":"Diana"},{"family":"Franco","given":"Alejandro"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-tqjmw","URL":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-tqjmw","source":"crossref"},{"id":"doi:10.1002/est2.603","type":"article-journal","title":"Preliminary study of novel all‐solid‐state tin‐graphite battery based on composite solid electrolyte","abstract":"Abstract This study primarily focuses on utilizing tin as the primary electrode material. Tin is chosen for its exceptional theoretical capacitance and cost‐effectiveness, attributed to its tetravalent ions carrying a high charge. Tin also exhibits desirable soft material characteristics, ensuring superior stability and adhesion. The experimental methodology involves thermal evaporation and vacuum heat treatment to create Sn, Sn‐9 wt.%Zn, Sn‐40wt.%Zn alloy negative electrodes. For the solid electrolyte, we opt for magnesium silicate processed battery cloth deposition combined with a polymer, offering flexibility. The positive electrode incorporates a graphite film modified with a stable and conductive phosphate, referred to as GFN. This approach enables the development of an all‐solid‐state Sn‐C ion secondary battery while prioritizing safety and environmental friendliness. The experimental findings encompass microscopic structural insights into various electrode materials, elucidation of the metallurgical mechanism of alloy films, exploration of ion transport pathways, and confirmation of the charge and discharge mechanism.","author":[{"family":"Huang","given":"Po‐yuan"},{"family":"Hung","given":"Fei‐yi"},{"family":"Huang","given":"Bo‐chin"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.1002/est2.603","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.603","source":"crossref"},{"id":"doi:10.1149/ma2024-0281153mtgabs","type":"article-journal","title":"Interface Properties of Artificial Solid Electrolyte Layer on Li-Metal Anode for Quasi-Solid-State Battery","abstract":"Lithium (Li)-metal anodes have received much attention because of their high theoretical specific capacity of 3,800 mAh/g and low density of 0.53 g/cm 3 . However, the high reactivity, which is a disadvantage of Li-metal anodes, causes unwanted Li-dendrites to grow and an unstable SEI layer to form on the Li-metal surface. Due to this phenomenon, it is difficult to develop Li-ion batteries using Li-metal anodes. To solve this problem, an artificial SEI (Solid Electrolyte Interface) layer mainly containing LiF was formed on the Li-metal foil using an existing electrochemical process before applying it to cell assembly. The properties of this artificial SEI were strongly dependent on electrochemical process conditions such as voltage ranges and time. Additionally, the interface properties between a quasi-solid electrolyte, one of the promising next-generation electrolytes, and a Li -metal anode were also investigated. To artificially form LiF, a gel-type electrolyte was prepared with various amount of FEC (Fluoroethylene carbonate) additive, and a LiF film was formed on the surface of Li-metal through the CV (Cyclic Voltammetry) process with various voltage ranges and scan rates. To study microstructure of artificial SEI layers, XRD, EDX, and XPS analysis were performed, and it was confirmed that LiF was uniformly distributed on the lithium metal surface after the process. To investigate the interface properties, EIS (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy) before and after the CV process was obtained, and their interfacial resistance were precisely analyzed with various process conditions. Finally, with gel polymer, a polarization test under symmetrical cell conditions and cell performance with Ni-rich cathodes were measured to evaluate the performance of the artificial SEI layer on Li-metal anode. Li-metal with artificial SEI shows stable polarization behaviors for longer than 200 hrs at a current density of 0.2 mAh/cm 2 . All the results show that the semi-solid-state Li-metal battery with the artificial SEI layer has excellent cycle performances for the next generation Li-ion battery to guarantee the safety.","author":[{"family":"Kim","given":"Daeil"},{"family":"Jang","given":"Boyun"},{"family":"Han","given":"Byeol"},{"family":"Joo","given":"Junwoo"},{"family":"Kim","given":"Joon"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.1149/ma2024-0281153mtgabs","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-0281153mtgabs","source":"crossref"},{"id":"doi:10.1149/ma2024-02262089mtgabs","type":"article-journal","title":"(Invited) Gradients and Instabilities in Solid-State Battery Architectures","abstract":"Solid-state batteries (SSBs), consisting of a lithium metal anode and an inorganic solid electrolyte, promise high energy and power density amenable to long-range electric vehicles and electric aviation. However, the complex nature of solid-solid interfaces in SSBs poses challenges associated with morphological evolution, heterogeneities, and electrochemical, thermal, and mechanical interactions. The intrinsic heterogeneities at the solid-solid interfaces result in spatiotemporally varying electrochemical and thermal signatures and gradients in the solid-state battery architecture. This presentation will discuss the dynamic evolution of thermo-electrochemical gradients in SSBs and their implications on the solid-state porous cathode response, anode interface stability, and cathode-anode crosstalk. The critical role of the solid-state cathode architecture, including attributes such as the solid/solid contact distribution and transport pathways, on the self-heating and electrochemical behavior will be analyzed. This work aims to elicit mechanistic insights into the evolution of thermal gradients and potential approaches to modulate them in SSBs.","author":[{"family":"Mukherjee","given":"Partha"},{"family":"Vishnugopi","given":"Bairav"},{"family":"Ayyaswamy","given":"Abhinand"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.1149/ma2024-02262089mtgabs","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02262089mtgabs","source":"crossref"},{"id":"oa:W3130914441","type":"article-journal","title":"Hydrogen energy: development prospects and materials","abstract":"The review addresses the prospects of global hydrogen energy development. Particular attention is given to the design of materials for sustainable hydrogen energy applications, including hydrogen production, purification, storage, and conversion to energy. The review highlights the key role of oxide-supported metal or alloy nanoparticles as catalysts in the hydrogen production via the conversion of natural gas or alcohols. An alternative approach is the pyrolysis of hydrocarbons giving hydrogen and carbon. The direct production of high-purity hydrogen can be performed using electrolysis or membrane catalysis. Apart from conventional hydrogen storage methods such as the compression and liquefaction, the hydrogen alloy absorption and chemical conversion to liquid carriers (ammonia and toluene cycles) are considered. Fuel cells, containing catalysts and proton-conducting membranes as the key components, are used for hydrogen energy generation. Binary platinum alloys or core – shell structures supported on carbon or oxides can be employed to facilitate the oxygen electroreduction and CO electrooxidation in low-temperature fuel cells. High conductivity and selectivity are provided by perfluorinated sulfonic acid membranes. The high cost of the latter materials dictates the development of alternative membrane materials. A crucial issue in high-temperature fuel cells is the necessity of reducing the operating temperature and ohmic losses. This problem can be solved by designing thin-film materials and replacing oxygen-conducting ceramic membranes by proton-conducting membranes. The bibliography includes 290 references.","author":[{"family":"Filippov","given":"Sergey"},{"family":"Yaroslavtsev","given":"AB"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.1070/rcr5014","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1070/rcr5014","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W4212838029","type":"article-journal","title":"Explaining hydrogen energy technology acceptance: A critical review","abstract":"The use of hydrogen energy and the associated technologies is expected to increase in the coming years. The success of hydrogen energy technology (HET) is, however, dependent on public acceptance of the technology. Developing this new industry in a socially responsible way will require an understanding of the psychology factors that may facilitate or impede its public acceptance. This paper reviews 27 quantitative studies that have explored the relationship between psychological factors and HET acceptance. The findings from the review suggest that the perceived effects of the technology (i.e., the perceived benefits, costs and risks), and the associated emotions, are strong drivers of HET acceptance. This paper does, though, highlight some limitations with past research that make it difficult to make strong conclusions about the factors that influence HET acceptance. The review also reveals that few studies have investigated acceptance of different types of HET beyond a couple of applications. The paper ends with a discussion about directions for future research and highlights some practical implications for messaging and policy.","author":[{"family":"Scovell","given":"Mitchell"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.01.099","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.01.099","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W3092195113","type":"article-journal","title":"Promising All-Solid-State Batteries for Future Electric Vehicles","abstract":"ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTPromising All-Solid-State Batteries for Future Electric VehiclesYang-Kook SunYang-Kook SunDepartment of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South KoreaMore by Yang-Kook Sunhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-0117-0170Cite this: ACS Energy Lett. 2020, 5, 10, 3221–3223Publication Date (Web):October 9, 2020Publication History Published online9 October 2020Published inissue 9 October 2020https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01977https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01977editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2020 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views30555Altmetric-Citations161LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (881 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Batteries,Electrodes,Electrolytes,Energy density,Interfaces Get e-Alerts","author":[{"family":"Sun","given":"Yang‐kook"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01977","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01977","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W4306893325","type":"article-journal","title":"Silicon as Emerging Anode in Solid-State Batteries","abstract":"Silicon is one of the most promising anode materials due to its very high specific capacity (3590 mAh g –1 ), and recently its use in solid-state batteries (SSBs) has been proposed. Although SSBs utilizing silicon anodes show broad and attractive application prospects, current results are still in an infant state in terms of electrochemical performance, analytical characterization and mechanistic understanding. This paper aims to summarize current achievements and remaining challenges for the use of silicon anodes in SSBs and to provide a perspective for SSB cells with high energy density. Three types of cells with their specific type of silicon anode (i.e., thin-film cells, powder-pressed pellet-type cells, and sheet-type pouch cells) are reviewed, from their electro-chemo-mechanical behavior to microstructure optimization. Future directions for research of silicon anodes in SSBs are outlined, such as quantifying the partial ionic/electronic conductivity of silicon anodes, clarifying their interfacial stability, and investigating their chemo-mechanical stability.","author":[{"family":"Huo","given":"Hanyu"},{"family":"Janek","given":"Jürgen"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1021/acsenergylett.2c01950","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.2c01950","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W3007472167","type":"article-journal","title":"Alkaline Water Electrolysis Powered by Renewable Energy: A Review","abstract":"Alkaline water electrolysis is a key technology for large-scale hydrogen production powered by renewable energy. As conventional electrolyzers are designed for operation at fixed process conditions, the implementation of fluctuating and highly intermittent renewable energy is challenging. This contribution shows the recent state of system descriptions for alkaline water electrolysis and renewable energies, such as solar and wind power. Each component of a hydrogen energy system needs to be optimized to increase the operation time and system efficiency. Only in this way can hydrogen produced by electrolysis processes be competitive with the conventional path based on fossil energy sources. Conventional alkaline water electrolyzers show a limited part-load range due to an increased gas impurity at low power availability. As explosive mixtures of hydrogen and oxygen must be prevented, a safety shutdown is performed when reaching specific gas contamination. Furthermore, the cell voltage should be optimized to maintain a high efficiency. While photovoltaic panels can be directly coupled to alkaline water electrolyzers, wind turbines require suitable converters with additional losses. By combining alkaline water electrolysis with hydrogen storage tanks and fuel cells, power grid stabilization can be performed. As a consequence, the conventional spinning reserve can be reduced, which additionally lowers the carbon dioxide emissions.","author":[{"family":"Brauns","given":"Jörn"},{"family":"Turek","given":"Thomas"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.3390/pr8020248","URL":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8020248","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W3013252775","type":"article-journal","title":"A reflection on lithium-ion battery cathode chemistry","abstract":"Lithium-ion batteries have aided the portable electronics revolution for nearly three decades. They are now enabling vehicle electrification and beginning to enter the utility industry. The emergence and dominance of lithium-ion batteries are due to their higher energy density compared to other rechargeable battery systems, enabled by the design and development of high-energy density electrode materials. Basic science research, involving solid-state chemistry and physics, has been at the center of this endeavor, particularly during the 1970s and 1980s. With the award of the 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry to the development of lithium-ion batteries, it is enlightening to look back at the evolution of the cathode chemistry that made the modern lithium-ion technology feasible. This review article provides a reflection on how fundamental studies have facilitated the discovery, optimization, and rational design of three major categories of oxide cathodes for lithium-ion batteries, and a personal perspective on the future of this important area.","author":[{"family":"Manthiram","given":"Arumugam"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1038/s41467-020-15355-0","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15355-0","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W4210739454","type":"article-journal","title":"The Value of Coordination in Multimarket Bidding of Grid Energy Storage","abstract":"Grid energy storage plays a key role in making carbon-free, renewable energy production a reality. Yet, when it comes to maximizing profit, owners of storage assets still struggle with coordinating their trading activities across time because of the complex nature of multisettlement electricity markets. In “Coordination of Multimarket Bidding of Grid-Energy Storage,” Nils Löhndorf and David Wozabal propose a multistage stochastic programming model for market-oriented optimization of energy storage. To calculate lower and upper bounds on optimal values, they develop novel methods for scenario-tree generation and information relaxation. They show that a coordinated policy that reserves capacity for the short-term markets is optimal and that the gap to a sequential policy increases with short-term price volatility and market liquidity. The authors find that coordination is beneficial for all considered asset types and that flexible storages with high price impact benefit most. Their findings inform storage owners which markets contribute most value, how to organize trading across time, and how to calculate optimal bidding strategies.","author":[{"family":"Löhndorf","given":"Nils"},{"family":"Wozabal","given":"David"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1287/opre.2021.2247","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2021.2247","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W4280505566","type":"article-journal","title":"Recent Advances in Energy Storage Systems for Renewable Source Grid Integration: A Comprehensive Review","abstract":"The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and strengthening the security of electric energy have gained enormous momentum recently. Integrating intermittent renewable energy sources (RESs) such as PV and wind into the existing grid has increased significantly in the last decade. However, this integration hampers the reliable and stable operation of the grid by posing many operational and control challenges. Generation uncertainty, voltage and angular stability, power quality issues, reactive power support and fault ride-through capability are some of the various challenges. The power generated from RESs fluctuates due to unpredictable weather conditions such as wind speed and sunshine. Energy storage systems (ESSs) play a vital role in mitigating the fluctuation by storing the excess generated power and then making it accessible on demand. This paper presents a review of energy storage systems covering several aspects including their main applications for grid integration, the type of storage technology and the power converters used to operate some of the energy storage technologies. This comprehensive review of energy storage systems will guide power utilities; the researchers select the best and the most recent energy storage device based on their effectiveness and economic feasibility.","author":[{"family":"Worku","given":"Muhammed"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.3390/su14105985","URL":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su14105985","source":"openalex"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21551607","type":"article-journal","title":"Single Phase Transformer Less Inverter for Grid Connected Photo Voltaic System","abstract":"Sustainable power generation systems have been developed as a result of increased consumption of energy, the rapid depletion of fossil fuels, and environmental degradation worldwide. Thus, the demand for photovoltaic systems is increasing, owing to the increased need for renewable resources worldwide. Transformers are often used in photovoltaic systems to offer voltage ratio conversions between input and output along with galvanic isolation. The inverter, that may be a transformer-less or with a transformer, is the enabling technology in PV systems. But, the efficiency and power density of these traditional iron and copper-based transformers are decreased while the inverter's weight, size, and cost are increased. Thus, it is recommended to refrain from utilizing transformers within the inverter. For this reason, transformer-less inverters for grid-tied, low-voltage, single-phase photovoltaic (PV) systems have gained more attention thesedays. To comply with the safety requirements imposed by grid regulations, there are a few distinctive challenges, particularly with respect to leakage current problems, which need to be sufficiently handled. Owing to this In recent years, distributed solar grid-tied systems have made widespread use of single phase transformerless Voltage Source Inverters. This paper explores a novel transformer-less solar inverter for grid connected PV system and Results are investigated in MATLAB Simulink provided a significant reduction in distortion in voltage and current at load side.","author":[{"family":"Figueiredo","given":"Daniel"},{"family":"Pawar","given":"Sanjay"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21551607","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21551607","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21551608","type":"article-journal","title":"Single Phase Transformer Less Inverter for Grid Connected Photo Voltaic System","abstract":"Sustainable power generation systems have been developed as a result of increased consumption of energy, the rapid depletion of fossil fuels, and environmental degradation worldwide. Thus, the demand for photovoltaic systems is increasing, owing to the increased need for renewable resources worldwide. Transformers are often used in photovoltaic systems to offer voltage ratio conversions between input and output along with galvanic isolation. The inverter, that may be a transformer-less or with a transformer, is the enabling technology in PV systems. But, the efficiency and power density of these traditional iron and copper-based transformers are decreased while the inverter's weight, size, and cost are increased. Thus, it is recommended to refrain from utilizing transformers within the inverter. For this reason, transformer-less inverters for grid-tied, low-voltage, single-phase photovoltaic (PV) systems have gained more attention thesedays. To comply with the safety requirements imposed by grid regulations, there are a few distinctive challenges, particularly with respect to leakage current problems, which need to be sufficiently handled. Owing to this In recent years, distributed solar grid-tied systems have made widespread use of single phase transformerless Voltage Source Inverters. This paper explores a novel transformer-less solar inverter for grid connected PV system and Results are investigated in MATLAB Simulink provided a significant reduction in distortion in voltage and current at load side.","author":[{"family":"Figueiredo","given":"Daniel"},{"family":"Pawar","given":"Sanjay"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21551608","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21551608","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21622956","type":"article-journal","title":"RENEWABLE (SOLAR ENERGY), MODERN SITUATION, ECONOMIC CHALLENGES AND THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE","abstract":"The article reviews renewable energies, in particular possibilities of using solar energy, whatproblems can be solved in the future run for the country, what are the advantages of solar panels andwhat processes are they related with. At the same time, we reviewed the modern challenges andapproaches of green energy, which are gradually getting closer to modern technologies, in particularartificial intelligent-based solutions.In the modern world, demand for energy resources has increased significantly. This leads to anincrease in the power of traditional energy resource's monopolists, and the use of resources becomes apolitical weapon.There is prevalent opinion in Georgia that such a water-abound country has a lot of energyresources and does not need to import energy. In fact, the situation is different, recently the energyconsumption has increased so much that supply is far behind demand, therefore the country has topurchase energy from other countries, whereas the dominant supplier among them is Russia.One of the solutions to this situation is the creation of alternative energy sources, which havebeen experienced in European countries for a long time, where renewable energy consumption isincreasing and researches in this direction to improve technologies are developing.","author":[{"family":"Melikidze","given":"Maia"},{"family":"Matiashvili","given":"Mariam"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21622956","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21622956","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21622957","type":"article-journal","title":"RENEWABLE (SOLAR ENERGY), MODERN SITUATION, ECONOMIC CHALLENGES AND THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE","abstract":"The article reviews renewable energies, in particular possibilities of using solar energy, whatproblems can be solved in the future run for the country, what are the advantages of solar panels andwhat processes are they related with. At the same time, we reviewed the modern challenges andapproaches of green energy, which are gradually getting closer to modern technologies, in particularartificial intelligent-based solutions.In the modern world, demand for energy resources has increased significantly. This leads to anincrease in the power of traditional energy resource's monopolists, and the use of resources becomes apolitical weapon.There is prevalent opinion in Georgia that such a water-abound country has a lot of energyresources and does not need to import energy. In fact, the situation is different, recently the energyconsumption has increased so much that supply is far behind demand, therefore the country has topurchase energy from other countries, whereas the dominant supplier among them is Russia.One of the solutions to this situation is the creation of alternative energy sources, which havebeen experienced in European countries for a long time, where renewable energy consumption isincreasing and researches in this direction to improve technologies are developing.","author":[{"family":"Melikidze","given":"Maia"},{"family":"Matiashvili","given":"Mariam"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21622957","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21622957","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22141228","type":"article-journal","title":"FlexCHESS Press Release No. 1 – Flexibility Services Based on Connected and Interoperable Hybrid Energy Storage System","abstract":"This first FlexCHESS press release (February 2024) introduces the Horizon Europe project FlexCHESS — Flexibility services based on Connected and interoperable Hybrid Energy Storage System — implemented by a consortium of 13 partners from 7 European countries since its kick-off on 19/12/2022. It outlines the challenge of integrating volatile renewable energy sources into the power grid, and presents the project's core innovations: the digital twin concept, Virtual Energy Storage Systems (VESS) and Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) within a Connected Hybrid Energy Storage System (CHESS). It also reports on pilot sites established across Europe (from the UK to Turkey), the General Assembly held in Marseille on 23/11/2023, clustering activities with the EU-funded projects InterSTORE and PARMENIDES on interoperability, and the project's participation in Enlit Europe 2023 in Paris, represented by RDIUP.","author":[{"family":"Power","given":"Citizens"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22141228","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22141228","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22141229","type":"article-journal","title":"FlexCHESS Press Release No. 1 – Flexibility Services Based on Connected and Interoperable Hybrid Energy Storage System","abstract":"This first FlexCHESS press release (February 2024) introduces the Horizon Europe project FlexCHESS — Flexibility services based on Connected and interoperable Hybrid Energy Storage System — implemented by a consortium of 13 partners from 7 European countries since its kick-off on 19/12/2022. It outlines the challenge of integrating volatile renewable energy sources into the power grid, and presents the project's core innovations: the digital twin concept, Virtual Energy Storage Systems (VESS) and Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) within a Connected Hybrid Energy Storage System (CHESS). It also reports on pilot sites established across Europe (from the UK to Turkey), the General Assembly held in Marseille on 23/11/2023, clustering activities with the EU-funded projects InterSTORE and PARMENIDES on interoperability, and the project's participation in Enlit Europe 2023 in Paris, represented by RDIUP.","author":[{"family":"Power","given":"Citizens"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22141229","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22141229","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.82514/energy-forum-51-the-power-grid-challenge","type":"article-journal","title":"Energy Forum 51: The power grid challenge - transmission, optimal utilization of grid resources, and local production","abstract":"In light of the climate crisis, global reduction targets of greenhouse gas emissions will become more ambitious over time, and the State of Israel, along with all the countries of the world, will be required to increase its targets. In October 2020, the Israeli government decided to increase the target for electricity generation from renewable energy by 2030 to 30%, with an intermediate target of 20% by 2025. According to the Electricity Authority, in the State of Israel, renewable energy is mainly solar energy. At the end of 2020, the total renewable energy capacity in the energy sector was about 2.5 gigawatts, with solar energy (terrestrial and dual-use photovoltaic and thermo-solar installations) constituting more than 95% of this capacity. According to the Electricity Authority's forecast, to meet the intermediate target by the end of 2025, the total capacity of renewable energies is expected to increase fourfold by this year (to about 9.8 gigawatts). According to the Ministry of Energy's forecast, to establish a low-carbon energy economy by 2050 (a combination of 87% solar energy in the fuel mix), the solar capacity required by this year will reach 109 gigawatts. Renewable energies in general, and solar energy in particular, have many economic and environmental benefits. However, solar energy, produced on a large scale at certain times, but does not provide any solution at other times, poses new and significant challenges to power grid management. These challenges can be divided into three categories: The challenge of balancing the capacity in the grid - In the production of electricity using conventional sources, it is possible to adjust production to consumption. However, the ability to maintain that balance is limited when it comes to renewable energies such as solar and wind, and at certain times there could be energy excess or shortages. This is especially true in Israel, where the electricity grid is not connected to neighboring countries (an energy island), which reduces its ability to balance capacity through electricity trade. Therefore, the ability to control the production and/or consumption profile should be improved, for example, through load management or storage mechanisms. The energy transmission challenge - Traditionally, large power plants with a production capacity of tens or hundreds of megawatts consume relatively little space and can be located close to consumption centers. As a result, the traditional grid structure is such that the power transmission capacity is high near the power plants at the consumption centers and decreases as it moves away to peripheral areas. However, renewable energy requires a different approach from traditional network management. On the one hand, renewable energy facilities with large production capacity take up much space and need to be located in the periphery. However, then, the connection to the grid becomes a significant problem, which can manifest itself in two ways - transmission congestion (the transmission grid is fully loaded and does not allow connection in this area) or transformation congestion (high-voltage installations cannot connect to the upper voltage, since the transformation stations are congested). On the other hand, due to a lack of space, the dispersion of facilities is sought after. That is, to place smaller solar facilities on existing land uses (residential, industrial, agricultural, infrastructure, and more). While this brings production closer to consumption and apparently reduces the need for grid development, heavy load on the grid might occur in times of high production and low consumption. In the Israeli context, the challenge of energy transmission is perhaps not the most important but necessarily the most urgent one. The challenge of dynamics and control - Production must be equal to consumption at any given moment to prevent changes in frequency. Therefore, frequency stability is critical for the proper operation of the system. Today, ","author":[{"family":"Grossman","given":"Gershon"},{"family":"Shapira","given":"Naama"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.82514/energy-forum-51-the-power-grid-challenge","URL":"https://doi.org/10.82514/energy-forum-51-the-power-grid-challenge","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.21256/zhaw-32729","type":"article-journal","title":"Energieziele und deren rechtliche und politische Umsetzung : ein Vergleich zwischen der Schweiz und dem Bundesstaat New York","abstract":"Dieses Management Summary bietet einen Überblick über die nachfolgende Arbeit zur Energiepolitik und Klimaziele in der Schweiz und im Bundesstaat New York. Ziel ist es, die Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten der beiden Regionen hinsichtlich ihrer gesetzlichen Rahmenbedingungen und ihrer Ansätze zur Förderung erneuerbarer Energien zu beleuchten. Die Analyse basiert auf der Durchsicht aktueller Gesetzestexte, Regierungsberichte und wissenschaftlicher Studien, die im Zeitraum von Januar 1990 bis April 2024 veröffentlicht wurden und bis heute Gültigkeit haben. Daten und Informationen wurden aus offiziellen Quellen wie den Webseiten der Schweizer Regierung, des Bundesstaates New York und internationaler Organisationen sowie aus der verfügbaren Literatur bezogen. Die Schweiz verfolgt mit ihrer Energiestrategie 2050 das Ziel, die Abhängigkeit von fossilen Energieträgern zu reduzieren und den Anteil erneuerbarer Energien erheblich zu steigern. Bis 2050 soll die Kernenergie vollständig durch erneuerbare Energien ersetzt werden. Sie hat sich verpflichtet, ihre Treibhausgasemissionen bis 2030 um 50% im Vergleich zu 1990 zu reduzieren. Diese Verpflichtung ist in den national festgelegten Beiträgen im Rahmen des Pariser Abkommens verankert. Der Bundesstaat New York hat den Climate Leadership and Community Protection Act verabschiedet, welcher zu den strengsten Klimaschutzgesetzen der USA gehört. Er zielt darauf ab, bis 2040 eine zu 100% kohlenstofffreie Stromversorgung zu erreichen und die Treibhausgasemissionen bis 2050 um mindestens 85% gegenüber 1990 zu reduzieren. Dazu soll bis 2030 ganze 70% der Stromerzeugung durch erneuerbare Energien erfolgen. Beide Regionen zeigen starke politische Engagements für den Klimaschutz, unterscheiden sich jedoch in ihren spezifischen Ansätzen und gesetzlichen Rahmenbedingungen. Die Schweiz setzt stark auf eine dezentrale Energiepolitik mit signifikanter Beteiligung der Kantone, während New York einen zentralisierten, staatlich gesteuerten Ansatz verfolgt. Beide setzen auf eine Mischung aus gesetzlichen Vorgaben und Incentivierungen zur Förderung erneuerbarer Energien. Der Bundesstaat New York steht vor einer größeren Herausforderung, seine Energieinfrastruktur umzustrukturieren, da er derzeit stark von Erdgas abhängig ist. Diese Abhängigkeit macht den Übergang zu einer kohlenstoffarmen Energieversorgung komplexer und kostspieliger. Im Gegensatz dazu bezieht die Schweiz bereits etwa 80% ihrer Energie aus erneuerbaren Quellen, hauptsächlich aus Wasserkraft, was ihren Übergang zu einer vollständig erneuerbaren Energieversorgung wesentlich erleichtert. Die Schweiz kann daher auf einer bereits soliden Basis aufbauen, während New York umfangreichere Änderungen in der Energiepolitik und -infrastruktur vornehmen muss, um die angestrebten Klimaziele zu erreichen.","author":[{"family":"Escher","given":"Andreas"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.21256/zhaw-32729","URL":"https://doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-32729","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21585907","type":"article-journal","title":"Approximate Representation and Exposition of ISI Flat Plate Collector including Revised Flat Plate Collector : A Review","abstract":"Cosmic power is one of the numerous renewable energy sources that can use in a Photovoltaic (PV) system or Thermal. Solar collectors play a crucial role in solar thermal systems. They convert solar radiation into heat and transfer the heat to working fluids Such as water or air. The Flat-plate collectors are the numerous common type of solar collectors and typically used as a water heater or air heater. These collectors have low efficiency and low outlet temperature. Recently, many scientists have attempted to improve the efficiency and performance of flat-plate collectors via different methods. This review paper describes the results of the experimentation carried out to study and compare the performance of the modified flat plate collector having increasing riser tube diameter and reducing riser tube length with the conventional ISI marked solar liquid flat plate collector. To study, the comparative performance characteristics of a modified flat plate collector with ISI flat plate collector operated under natural circulation mode. The suggested design found to be better than the existing ISI design of the absorber plate from an efficiency point of view. The actual useful heat gain (Qu) in the suggested design understudy found to be more by 30% than that in the case of ISI collector. However, the modified flat plate collector found to operate at a relatively lower exit temperature than the conventional ISI marked collector.","author":[{"family":"Sambhe","given":"Dr"},{"family":"Gaddamwar","given":"Dr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21585907","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21585907","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21585908","type":"article-journal","title":"Approximate Representation and Exposition of ISI Flat Plate Collector including Revised Flat Plate Collector : A Review","abstract":"Cosmic power is one of the numerous renewable energy sources that can use in a Photovoltaic (PV) system or Thermal. Solar collectors play a crucial role in solar thermal systems. They convert solar radiation into heat and transfer the heat to working fluids Such as water or air. The Flat-plate collectors are the numerous common type of solar collectors and typically used as a water heater or air heater. These collectors have low efficiency and low outlet temperature. Recently, many scientists have attempted to improve the efficiency and performance of flat-plate collectors via different methods. This review paper describes the results of the experimentation carried out to study and compare the performance of the modified flat plate collector having increasing riser tube diameter and reducing riser tube length with the conventional ISI marked solar liquid flat plate collector. To study, the comparative performance characteristics of a modified flat plate collector with ISI flat plate collector operated under natural circulation mode. The suggested design found to be better than the existing ISI design of the absorber plate from an efficiency point of view. The actual useful heat gain (Qu) in the suggested design understudy found to be more by 30% than that in the case of ISI collector. However, the modified flat plate collector found to operate at a relatively lower exit temperature than the conventional ISI marked collector.","author":[{"family":"Sambhe","given":"Dr"},{"family":"Gaddamwar","given":"Dr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21585908","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21585908","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19464720","type":"article-journal","title":"Impact of Grid Stability for VSC-based Devices with Primary Frequency Support","abstract":"—This paper presents a comparison of the performance of frequency control devices considering different techniques to estimate the frequency deviation signal. We consider three estimation techniques, namely the center of inertia (COI), the frequency divider (FD) formula, and the phase-locked loop (PLL). The first two are based on the measurement of synchronous machine rotor angles and are virtually exact measures, while the latter is based on an electronic device and is affected by noise and numerical errors. The goal of the paper is first to define whether the PLL estimation is closer to the COI or to the FD. Then, the dynamic response of VSC-based wind power plants and energy storage systems providing primary frequency regulation is studied and compared using the three aforementioned signals. A comprehensive set of scenarios based on the WSCC 9-bus test system is presented in the case study I. INTRODUCTION Traditionally, synchronous machines were the main devices apt to provide primary frequency regulation in ac transmission grids. This situation is rapidly changing due to the increasing penetration of distributed, non-synchronous generation based on Renewable Energy Sources (RESs), such as wind and photo-voltaic power plants, as well as other emerging devices, such as Energy Storage Systems (ESSs). These devices, which generally are connected to the grid through Voltage Sourced Converters (VSCs), reduce the overall system inertia and increase the risk of frequency and voltage instabilities. This fact has led, in recent years, to the development of a large variety of frequency regulation strategies for RESs [1]–[3]. In practice, the frequency regulated by RESs and ESSs is measured locally through Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) devices. Such electronic devices are crucial for the proper synchronization and regulation of VSCs and several implementations exist (see, for example, [4] for a comprehensive survey on different PLL solutions). From a simulation point of view, however, the frequency control through VSC devices poses the problem of properly defining the frequency signal to be used as input of the regulators. While fully-fledged electromagnetic models are still impractical to simulate large power systems, conventional electro-mechanical models for transient stability analysis neglect a priori frequency variations in transmission lines and loads. It has to be expected that, depending on the frequency estimation technique considered, different signals are originated, and therefore different responses are expected from frequency control devices. In [5], the authors have compared the response of thermostatically controlled loads that regulate the frequency locally by means of varying their reference temperature when their input signal is provided by different estimation approaches. However, the impact of PLL-based frequency estimation for RESs and ESSs that provide primary frequency regulation has not been studied yet. This paper aims to fill this gap and provides two contributions, as follows. Definition of a model of PLL device that is adequate for conventional transient stability analysis of power systems based on lumped transmission line models and bus voltage phasors. Evaluation of the impact of PLL-based measured frequency deviations for the control of VSC-based renewable sources and ESSs. With this aim, the paper compares the estimated frequency measured through the PLL with ideal signals, namely the Center of Inertia (COI) [6] and the Frequency Divider formula (FD) [7]. The latter was recently proposed by the authors and is an efficient and numerically stable alternative to the wellknown washout filter [8]. The paper is organized as follows. The PLL model is provided in Section II. This section also briefly recalls the frequency estimation techniques based on the COI and the FD. The primary frequency control schemes of Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECSs) and ESSs are presented in Sections III-A and III-B respectively. S","author":[{"family":"Vasquez","given":"Elena"},{"family":"Reynolds","given":"Liam"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19464720","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19464720","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19464721","type":"article-journal","title":"Impact of Grid Stability for VSC-based Devices with Primary Frequency Support","abstract":"—This paper presents a comparison of the performance of frequency control devices considering different techniques to estimate the frequency deviation signal. We consider three estimation techniques, namely the center of inertia (COI), the frequency divider (FD) formula, and the phase-locked loop (PLL). The first two are based on the measurement of synchronous machine rotor angles and are virtually exact measures, while the latter is based on an electronic device and is affected by noise and numerical errors. The goal of the paper is first to define whether the PLL estimation is closer to the COI or to the FD. Then, the dynamic response of VSC-based wind power plants and energy storage systems providing primary frequency regulation is studied and compared using the three aforementioned signals. A comprehensive set of scenarios based on the WSCC 9-bus test system is presented in the case study I. INTRODUCTION Traditionally, synchronous machines were the main devices apt to provide primary frequency regulation in ac transmission grids. This situation is rapidly changing due to the increasing penetration of distributed, non-synchronous generation based on Renewable Energy Sources (RESs), such as wind and photo-voltaic power plants, as well as other emerging devices, such as Energy Storage Systems (ESSs). These devices, which generally are connected to the grid through Voltage Sourced Converters (VSCs), reduce the overall system inertia and increase the risk of frequency and voltage instabilities. This fact has led, in recent years, to the development of a large variety of frequency regulation strategies for RESs [1]–[3]. In practice, the frequency regulated by RESs and ESSs is measured locally through Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) devices. Such electronic devices are crucial for the proper synchronization and regulation of VSCs and several implementations exist (see, for example, [4] for a comprehensive survey on different PLL solutions). From a simulation point of view, however, the frequency control through VSC devices poses the problem of properly defining the frequency signal to be used as input of the regulators. While fully-fledged electromagnetic models are still impractical to simulate large power systems, conventional electro-mechanical models for transient stability analysis neglect a priori frequency variations in transmission lines and loads. It has to be expected that, depending on the frequency estimation technique considered, different signals are originated, and therefore different responses are expected from frequency control devices. In [5], the authors have compared the response of thermostatically controlled loads that regulate the frequency locally by means of varying their reference temperature when their input signal is provided by different estimation approaches. However, the impact of PLL-based frequency estimation for RESs and ESSs that provide primary frequency regulation has not been studied yet. This paper aims to fill this gap and provides two contributions, as follows. Definition of a model of PLL device that is adequate for conventional transient stability analysis of power systems based on lumped transmission line models and bus voltage phasors. Evaluation of the impact of PLL-based measured frequency deviations for the control of VSC-based renewable sources and ESSs. With this aim, the paper compares the estimated frequency measured through the PLL with ideal signals, namely the Center of Inertia (COI) [6] and the Frequency Divider formula (FD) [7]. The latter was recently proposed by the authors and is an efficient and numerically stable alternative to the wellknown washout filter [8]. The paper is organized as follows. The PLL model is provided in Section II. This section also briefly recalls the frequency estimation techniques based on the COI and the FD. The primary frequency control schemes of Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECSs) and ESSs are presented in Sections III-A and III-B respectively. S","author":[{"family":"Vasquez","given":"Elena"},{"family":"Reynolds","given":"Liam"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19464721","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19464721","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21752393","type":"article-journal","title":"Assessing the Potential of Renewable Energy Technologies for Sustainable Irrigation and Smallholder Farm Productivity","abstract":"Sustainable irrigation remains a cornerstone of agricultural productivity and food security, particularly for smallholder farmers in developing regions facing water scarcity, energy poverty, and climate variability. This review examines the potential of renewable energy technologies (RETs)—including solar, wind, biomass, micro-hydropower, and hybrid systems—in transforming irrigation systems toward sustainability and resilience. It explores how the integration of RETs enhances water-use efficiency, reduces greenhouse gas emissions, and lowers operational costs, thereby improving smallholder livelihoods. The study synthesizes recent advances in renewable-powered irrigation technologies, evaluates their economic feasibility, environmental performance, and technical adaptability, and identifies policy and infrastructural enablers required for large-scale adoption. Furthermore, the review highlights innovative financing mechanisms, digital integration through IoT-based monitoring, and the role of public–private partnerships in scaling these systems. The findings suggest that a multi-stakeholder approach, supported by robust policy frameworks and localized energy-water-food nexus planning, is essential to unlock the full potential of renewable energy technologies for sustainable irrigation and rural development.","author":[{"family":"Michael","given":"Olamidotun"},{"family":"Ogunsola","given":"Omodolapo"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21752393","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21752393","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21752394","type":"article-journal","title":"Assessing the Potential of Renewable Energy Technologies for Sustainable Irrigation and Smallholder Farm Productivity","abstract":"Sustainable irrigation remains a cornerstone of agricultural productivity and food security, particularly for smallholder farmers in developing regions facing water scarcity, energy poverty, and climate variability. This review examines the potential of renewable energy technologies (RETs)—including solar, wind, biomass, micro-hydropower, and hybrid systems—in transforming irrigation systems toward sustainability and resilience. It explores how the integration of RETs enhances water-use efficiency, reduces greenhouse gas emissions, and lowers operational costs, thereby improving smallholder livelihoods. The study synthesizes recent advances in renewable-powered irrigation technologies, evaluates their economic feasibility, environmental performance, and technical adaptability, and identifies policy and infrastructural enablers required for large-scale adoption. Furthermore, the review highlights innovative financing mechanisms, digital integration through IoT-based monitoring, and the role of public–private partnerships in scaling these systems. The findings suggest that a multi-stakeholder approach, supported by robust policy frameworks and localized energy-water-food nexus planning, is essential to unlock the full potential of renewable energy technologies for sustainable irrigation and rural development.","author":[{"family":"Michael","given":"Olamidotun"},{"family":"Ogunsola","given":"Omodolapo"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21752394","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21752394","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.7953901","type":"article-journal","title":"Fabrication and Characterization of Metal Oxide Based Supercapacitors","abstract":"Abstract Energy storage is equally important as energy production. The modern human society demands lightweight, flexible, inexpensive and environment friendly energy storage systems. Batteries are the major energy storage devices, but slow charge-discharge rate, short life cycles and bulkiness of battery limit its applications in portable and wearable devices. Lately, supercapacitors have been receiving a great attention as alternative energy storage devices because of their distinctive features such as high power density, light weight, fast charging-discharging rate, secure operation and long life span. Supercapacitors, also called electrochemical capacitors, are already being used in various applications such as hybrid vehicles, power back up, military services and portable electronics like laptops, mobile phones, wrist watches, wearable devices, roll-up displays, electronic papers, etc. The materials utilized in the supercapacitors play a prominent role, because the performance of supercapacitors depends on its properties. Specific capacitance of a supercapacitor depends on the surface area and the pore size distribution of the electrode material used for its fabrication. Compared with the transition metal oxides and conducting polymers, carbon and its different types provide larger surface area. However, this high surface area of carbon is not completely accessible for the electrolyte. In this context, metal oxide nanostructures are considered quite attractive candidates in energy storage applications due to their unique properties. Metal oxide nanostructures based energy storage devices have been shown to exhibit superior electrochemical performance due to their high surface to volume ratio and high mechanical flexibilities. The supercapacitor performance depends on morphology and oxidation state of metal oxide. Metal oxides such as RuO2, MnO2, TiO2, NiO, CoO, CuO, and composite materials are potential candidates for supercapacitor applications. RuO2 and MnO2 are the prominent electrode materials due to higher energy density with higher theoretical capacitance of about 1450 and 1270 F/g, respectively. RuO2 limits its utilization being scarce, extremely expensive (5000/- @1g) and toxic to some extent. At the same time MnO2 has its own benefits like cheap material cost, plentiful availability in the earth’s crust, and environmental friendliness. However, the conductivity of MnO2 is much lower ranging from 10-7 to10-3 S/cm. The main advantage of MnO2 is that it shows much higher specific capacitance with aqueous electrolytes as compared to other gel or solid electrolytes. But associated with this advantage is the problem that MnO2 is soluble in water and cell becomes dead after a few charging and discharging cycles. The previous reported studies suggest that MnO2 electrode supercapacitors (when material is synthesised by hydrothermal method without a surfactant) show low cyclic stability and specific capacitance. Triethanolamine (TEA) is a good surfactant for synthesis of metal oxides but has not been used for synthesis of MnO2. It is possible to synthesise MnO­2 nanostructures with desirable crystalline structures and morphology using TEA as surfactant, which won’t dissolve in water over high number of charge-discharge cycles. The aim of this study is to synthesize the metal oxide based manganese nanostructure material to explore its applicability as the electrode in supercapacitor. For this, b-MnO2 nanostructures have been synthesized via TEA assisted hydrothermal method at different reaction temperatures. Silver doped MnO2 nanocomposite and Carbon-MnO2 composite electrode materials have also been synthesized by hydrothermal method expecting enhanced electrochemical performance of the cell. The structural and crystallite size study of the materials have been carried out using X- ray diffraction (XRD). The morphological studies have been carried out by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Micr","author":[{"family":"Yogesh","given":"Kumar"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.7953901","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7953901","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.7953902","type":"article-journal","title":"Fabrication and Characterization of Metal Oxide Based Supercapacitors","abstract":"Abstract Energy storage is equally important as energy production. The modern human society demands lightweight, flexible, inexpensive and environment friendly energy storage systems. Batteries are the major energy storage devices, but slow charge-discharge rate, short life cycles and bulkiness of battery limit its applications in portable and wearable devices. Lately, supercapacitors have been receiving a great attention as alternative energy storage devices because of their distinctive features such as high power density, light weight, fast charging-discharging rate, secure operation and long life span. Supercapacitors, also called electrochemical capacitors, are already being used in various applications such as hybrid vehicles, power back up, military services and portable electronics like laptops, mobile phones, wrist watches, wearable devices, roll-up displays, electronic papers, etc. The materials utilized in the supercapacitors play a prominent role, because the performance of supercapacitors depends on its properties. Specific capacitance of a supercapacitor depends on the surface area and the pore size distribution of the electrode material used for its fabrication. Compared with the transition metal oxides and conducting polymers, carbon and its different types provide larger surface area. However, this high surface area of carbon is not completely accessible for the electrolyte. In this context, metal oxide nanostructures are considered quite attractive candidates in energy storage applications due to their unique properties. Metal oxide nanostructures based energy storage devices have been shown to exhibit superior electrochemical performance due to their high surface to volume ratio and high mechanical flexibilities. The supercapacitor performance depends on morphology and oxidation state of metal oxide. Metal oxides such as RuO2, MnO2, TiO2, NiO, CoO, CuO, and composite materials are potential candidates for supercapacitor applications. RuO2 and MnO2 are the prominent electrode materials due to higher energy density with higher theoretical capacitance of about 1450 and 1270 F/g, respectively. RuO2 limits its utilization being scarce, extremely expensive (5000/- @1g) and toxic to some extent. At the same time MnO2 has its own benefits like cheap material cost, plentiful availability in the earth’s crust, and environmental friendliness. However, the conductivity of MnO2 is much lower ranging from 10-7 to10-3 S/cm. The main advantage of MnO2 is that it shows much higher specific capacitance with aqueous electrolytes as compared to other gel or solid electrolytes. But associated with this advantage is the problem that MnO2 is soluble in water and cell becomes dead after a few charging and discharging cycles. The previous reported studies suggest that MnO2 electrode supercapacitors (when material is synthesised by hydrothermal method without a surfactant) show low cyclic stability and specific capacitance. Triethanolamine (TEA) is a good surfactant for synthesis of metal oxides but has not been used for synthesis of MnO2. It is possible to synthesise MnO­2 nanostructures with desirable crystalline structures and morphology using TEA as surfactant, which won’t dissolve in water over high number of charge-discharge cycles. The aim of this study is to synthesize the metal oxide based manganese nanostructure material to explore its applicability as the electrode in supercapacitor. For this, b-MnO2 nanostructures have been synthesized via TEA assisted hydrothermal method at different reaction temperatures. Silver doped MnO2 nanocomposite and Carbon-MnO2 composite electrode materials have also been synthesized by hydrothermal method expecting enhanced electrochemical performance of the cell. The structural and crystallite size study of the materials have been carried out using X- ray diffraction (XRD). The morphological studies have been carried out by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Micr","author":[{"family":"Yogesh","given":"Kumar"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.7953902","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7953902","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.21256/zhaw-31722","type":"article-journal","title":"A hybrid 3D/2D model for performance predictions of organic flow battery cells","abstract":"Organic redox pairs are an emerging alternative to metal-based materials for flow battery applications. The large available chemical space of potentially viable organic molecules for safe, cheap and sustainable flow batteries has stimulated the development of diverse chemical systems. To facilitate the assessment of the usability of organic chemical systems for flow batteries, we developed a performance prediction model for single flow cells. The intricate interplay of multiscale physico-chemical processes in flow batteries is a key engineering challenge for optimizing the cell design. To accelerate the prototyping of new flow cells, we have developed a steady-state, non-isothermal model for performance predictions of single flow battery cells. The model is based on a macrohomogeneous description of the transport processes in the cell domain, which consists of current collectors, flow field channels, porous electrodes, and a semi-permeable membrane. The electrolyte flow is determined by the incompressible Navier-Stokes and the Brinkman equations in the free flow and the porous electrode domains, respectively. The transport of dissolved species is governed by the Nernst-Planck equation, where we consider advection, diffusion, and migration. The electrochemical reactions are modelled using a Butler-Volmer approach. The model accounts for heat conduction through the liquid and solid phases and considers heat generation by Joule heating and electrochemical reactions. Additionally, the model accounts for clamping pressure dependent contact resistances, which can negatively impact the overall cell resistance. We use a hybrid 3D/2D discretization approach, where the electrolyte flow is fully resolved in 3D, while the transport equations for mass, charge and heat are solved in a projected 2D plane spanned by the through-plane direction of the cell assembly and the in-plane direction of the electrolyte flow. These transport equations are coupled through the electrolyte velocity field, which is projected on the 2D plane by forming an appropriate average. This hybrid approach allows for a significant reduction in the required run time and memory requirements of the simulation, while considering the impact of 3D flow field structures. We validated the model against the organic MV / TEMPTMA system developed by Jena Batteries for a lab-sized cell with good agreements of the polarization curve. Subsequently, we used the model to investigate the performance of different flow field designs, including a flow-by, serpentine and interdigitated flow field, where we studied the trade-off between power density and pressure losses.","author":[{"family":"Schärer","given":"Roman"},{"family":"Schumacher","given":"Jürgen"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.21256/zhaw-31722","URL":"https://doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-31722","source":"datacite"},{"id":"oa:W4220773259","type":"article-journal","title":"Sustainable Energy Transition for Renewable and Low Carbon Grid Electricity Generation and Supply","abstract":"The greatest sustainability challenge facing humanity today is the greenhouse gas emissions and the global climate change with fossil fuels led by coal, natural gas and oil contributing 61.3% of global electricity generation in the year 2020. The cumulative effect of the Stockholm, Rio, and Johannesburg conferences identified sustainable energy development (SED) as a very important factor in the sustainable global development. This study reviews energy transition strategies and proposes a roadmap for sustainable energy transition for sustainable electricity generation and supply in line with commitments of the Paris Agreement aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions and limiting the rise in global average temperature to 1.5°C above the preindustrial level. The sustainable transition strategies typically consist of three major technological changes namely, energy savings on the demand side, generation efficiency at production level and fossil fuel substitution by various renewable energy sources and low carbon nuclear. For the transition remain technically and economically feasible and beneficial, policy initiatives are necessary to steer the global electricity transition towards a sustainable energy and electricity system. Large-scale renewable energy adoption should include measures to improve efficiency of existing nonrenewable sources which still have an important cost reduction and stabilization role. A resilient grid with advanced energy storage for storage and absorption of variable renewables should also be part of the transition strategies. From this study, it was noted that whereas sustainable development has social, economic, and environmental pillars, energy sustainability is best analysed by five-dimensional approach consisting of environmental, economic, social, technical, and institutional/political sustainability to determine resource sustainability. The energy transition requires new technology for maximum use of the abundant but intermittent renewable sources a sustainable mix with limited nonrenewable sources optimized to minimize cost and environmental impact but maintained quality, stability, and flexibility of an electricity supply system. Technologies needed for the transition are those that use conventional mitigation, negative emissions technologies which capture and sequester carbon emissions and finally technologies which alter the global atmospheric radiative energy budget to stabilize and reduce global average temperature. A sustainable electricity system needs facilitating technology, policy, strategies and infrastructure like smart grids, and models with an appropriate mix of both renewable and low carbon energy sources.","author":[{"family":"Kabeyi","given":"Moses"},{"family":"Olanrewaju","given":"Oludolapo"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.3389/fenrg.2021.743114","URL":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2021.743114","source":"openalex"},{"id":"oa:W3000821909","type":"article-journal","title":"Social, Economic, and Environmental Impacts of Renewable Energy Resources","abstract":"Conventional energy source based on coal, gas, and oil are very much helpful for the improvement in the economy of a country, but on the other hand, some bad impacts of these resources in the environment have bound us to use these resources within some limit and turned our thinking toward the renewable energy resources. The social, environmental, and economical problems can be omitted by use of renewable energy sources, because these resources are considered as environment-friendly, having no or little emission of exhaust and poisonous gases like carbon dioxide, carbon monooxide, sulfur dioxide, etc. Renewable energy is going to be an important source for power generation in near future, because we can use these resources again and again to produce useful energy. Wind power generation is considered as having lowest water consumption, lowest relative greenhouse gas emission, and most favorable social impacts. It is considered as one of the most sustainable renewable energy sources, followed by hydropower, photovoltaic, and then geothermal. As these resources are considered as clean energy resources, they can be helpful for the mitigation of greenhouse effect and global warming effect. Local employment, better health, job opportunities, job creation, consumer choice, improvement of life standard, social bonds creation, income development, demographic impacts, social bonds creation, and community development can be achieved by the proper usage of renewable energy system. Along with the outstanding advantages of these resources, some shortcomings also exist such as the variation of output due to seasonal change, which is the common thing for wind and hydroelectric power plant; hence, special design and consideration are required, which are fulfilled by the hardware and software due to the improvement in computer technology.","author":[{"family":"Kumar","given":"Mahesh"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.5772/intechopen.89494","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89494","source":"openalex"},{"id":"doi:10.1149/osf.io/ys3gn_v1","type":"article-journal","title":"Solid State Battery Research","abstract":"How Can Material Optimization Enhance the Performance and Safety of Solid-State Batteries?Shreshth Duttduttshreshth08@gmail.comSpring-Ford Senior High SchoolSolid-state batteries (SSBs) represent a transformative advancement in energy storage technology, offering higher energy density, improved safety, and enhanced cycle life compared to conventional lithium-ion systems. However, widespread implementation remains limited by challenges in solid electrolyte interface stability, ionic conductivity, and scalable manufacturing. This study focuses on the experimental testing and optimization of solid-state battery prototypes through a combination of electrochemical performance analysis, material characterization, and computational modeling. Various solid electrolytes—including sulfide-, oxide-, and polymer-based materials—are systematically evaluated for their ionic conductivity, interfacial resistance, and thermal stability. Optimization techniques such as controlled sintering, interface coating, and pressure-assisted assembly are applied to reduce degradation and enhance charge transfer kinetics. Results demonstrate significant improvements in capacity retention, energy efficiency, and safety performance under a range of operating conditions. The findings provide critical insights into the structure–property relationships governing solid-state electrochemical behavior, offering practical guidelines for the design of next-generation solid-state energy storage systems.","author":[{"family":"Dutt","given":"Shreshth"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1149/osf.io/ys3gn_v1","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1149/osf.io/ys3gn_v1","source":"crossref"},{"id":"doi:10.70675/0157ce80z9b44z4d50z96fcz8337a7789a15","type":"article-journal","title":"Discovery of new ionic conductor for all solid-state battery","abstract":"Etude de nouveaux electrolyte pour batterie tout solide Les batteries lithium-ion sont aujourd'hui un système mature pour le stockage d'énergie. Cependant, des problèmes de sécurité ont été identifiés lors de la commercialisation à grande échelle de cette technologie. La solution la plus prometteuse pour améliorer la sécurité des batteries lithium-ion reste l'utilisation d'un électrolyte solide. Dans ce contexte, de nouveaux électrolytes solides, chimiquement et électrochimiquement stables, montrant une conductivité ionique élevée, doivent être découverts. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous avons identifié de nouvelles phases prometteuses dans le système Li-P-S. La conductivité ionique maximale de 1,86 10-4 S/cm à 25°C est obtenue pour x = 0.09 pour les compositions Li3P1+xS4 (0&lt;x&lt;0.19). Par rapport à la phase Li3PS4 existante, une meilleure interface est formée lorsque le matériau est cyclé par rapport au lithium, et par conséquent de meilleurs capacités déchargée est obtenu dans les batteries tout solide. En explorant le système Li-P-S-O, nous avons également pu former de nouvelles phases de type LGPS Li3.2PS4-xOx (0.15&lt;x&lt;0.6). Malgré une conductivité ionique plus faible observée par la substitution d'oxygène, une meilleure interface est formée lors du cyclage versus lithium, ce qui permet d'obtenir de meilleures performances lors des tests en batteries tout solide, notamment en comparaison avec le matériau de référence Li10GeP2S12. L'effet du dopage avec des halogènes a également été étudié pour le composé Li3.2PS3.7O0.3 et nous avons démontré une amélioration sur l'interface en batteries symétrique. Enfin, un nouveau domaine de stabilité de la structure type LGPS est mis en évidence pour le système Li-B-P-S. La conductivité ionique des composés dans ce système atteint les valeurs de 1,17 10-4 S/cm et une stabilité plus élevée est observée lors du cyclage face au lithium par rapport au Li10GeP2S12. Ces caractéristiques électrochimiques résultent par de meilleures performances lors des tests en batteries tout solide. Cependant, la réactivité élevée de ces matériaux par rapport à l'humidité ne les rend pas approprié comme électrolyte solide.","author":[{"family":"Neveu","given":"Audric"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.70675/0157ce80z9b44z4d50z96fcz8337a7789a15","URL":"https://doi.org/10.70675/0157ce80z9b44z4d50z96fcz8337a7789a15","source":"crossref"},{"id":"doi:10.70675/3d1f4866z350ez4924z85a2z0a09e316d3d5","type":"article-journal","title":"Composite organic-inorganic membrane as new electrolyte in all solid-state battery","abstract":"Conception d'une membrane composite organique-inorganique comme nouvel électrolyte dans les batteries tout solide Le développement de batteries tout solide est essentiel pour réussir la transition écologique et le déploiement de véhicules tout électriques. Le développement de cette filière pourra se faire, entre autres, par l'élaboration d’un électrolyte tout solide (SE). Les SE polymères à base de poly(éthylène glycol) présentent l'avantage d'être adaptables aux procédés actuels de fabrication des batteries Li-ion. Malheureusement, leur conductivité reste limitée (10-6 – 10-9 S.cm-1) à température ambiante. Les SE inorganiques, comme le Li7La3Zr2O12, sont en revanche de bons conducteurs ioniques (10-3 S.cm-1), mais ils nécessitent des procédés de mise en forme coûteux et énergivores. L’objectif de cette thèse était le développement de SE composites qui combinent les avantages de ces deux matériaux. Les travaux ont porté sur la conception d'un SE composite performant et l’étude des mécanismes de transport à l'interface de ces deux matériaux. Une étude approfondie sur un SE polymère a été menée afin d'optimiser sa synthèse à partir de monomères, liquides et commerciaux. En utilisant cette approche de synthèse, il a été possible de mettre en œuvre différents procédés de mise en forme de SE composite (frittage basse température, extrusion électro-assistée, coulée évaporation) afin de contrôler le mélange des deux matériaux et leur interface. La spectroscopie d'impédance électrochimique a été largement mise en œuvre pour comprendre les phénomènes de transport dans les SE composites.","author":[{"family":"Naboulsi","given":"Agathe"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.70675/3d1f4866z350ez4924z85a2z0a09e316d3d5","URL":"https://doi.org/10.70675/3d1f4866z350ez4924z85a2z0a09e316d3d5","source":"crossref"},{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-8569186/v1","type":"article-journal","title":"Renewable energy,  carbon emissions and economic growth : Evidence from renewable energy-consuming countries","abstract":"Abstract This paper examines the dynamic relationship between renewable energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions, and economic growth in a panel of 15 major renewable energy consuming countries over the period 1990–2020. To account for cross-country heterogeneity and long-run dynamics, the study applies advanced panel econometric techniques, including panel unit root tests (ADF and PP), panel cointegration tests (Kao, Pedroni, and Westerlund), and long-run estimators such as the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS). The empirical findings provide strong evidence of a long-run cointegration relationship among renewable energy consumption, carbon emissions, and economic growth. Moreover, the results indicate that renewable energy consumption promotes economic growth while contributing to the reduction of carbon emissions in the long run. These findings underscore the importance of renewable energy development as a key policy instrument for achieving sustainable economic growth and mitigating environmental degradation. The study offers relevant policy implications for energy transition strategies aimed at reconciling economic development JEL Classification: Q42, Q43, Q53, O44","author":[{"family":"Ifaoui","given":"Olfa"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8569186/v1","URL":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8569186/v1","source":"europepmc"},{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9835509/v1","type":"article-journal","title":"Renewable Energy Integration in Modern Energy Management Systems: A Holistic Framework","abstract":"Abstract In the era of increased penetration of renewable energy sources, EMS are transforming and are now requiring more holistic solutions to enhance the sustainability, efficiency and resilience of energy use. Past research tended to focus on technical, operational, or policy aspects of digital transformation alone, rather than explore the linkage between digital transformation, governance, and resilience. This study is a review of the literature on integration of RE systems and their management, including trends in technology, smart energy management, governance and sustainability. Based on these insights, a Governance–Digitalization–Resilience (GDR) Framework is presented, which integrates the three areas of renewable infrastructure, digital tools, governance and resilience in one model. This book provides a comprehensive overview of renewable energy management and provides some policy, planning and energy professionals tips.","author":[{"family":"Philip","given":"Paulson"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9835509/v1","URL":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9835509/v1","source":"europepmc"},{"id":"doi:10.1186/s42400-026-00619-x","type":"article-journal","title":"A socio-technical framework for cyber-resilience in hybrid oil-renewable energy grids.","abstract":"Combining traditional oil infrastructure with distributed renewable energy resources (DERs), including critical grid-edge assets like electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure that link transportation and power systems, has created hybrid energy systems that are more connected and digitally complex. These systems integrate legacy operational technologies (OT), such as SCADA, with decentralized, IoT-enabled assets that often rely on cloud-based analytics and remote connectivity. This conjunction introduces cybersecurity risks by linking historically isolated OT environments to modern, internet-exposed components, creating more entry points, inconsistent security baselines, and new attack surfaces. The resulting vulnerabilities extend beyond traditional IT-centric threat models. Conventional cybersecurity strategies, which prioritize technical controls in isolation, often fail to address systemic risks stemming from institutional fragmentation, regulatory gaps, and third-party dependencies. This study introduces a Socio-Technical Resilience Framework grounded in the Systems-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP) and Socio-Technical Systems (STS) theory to access and mitigate cyber risks in hybrid grids. Through comparative case studies of the Colonial Pipeline ransomware event and cyber disruptions in European DER infrastructure, the paper finds that fragmented coordination, isolated threat intelligence, and weak human-system integration significantly amplify cyber impacts that undermine static, perimeter-based defense models. The study contributes a layered framework for cyber resilience that operates across three domains: (1) technical (via zero-trust architecture and distributed anomaly detection), (2) organizational (through shared situational awareness and cognitive decision-support tools), and (3) governance (by leveraging federated threat intelligence and regulatory harmonization). This multi-domain approach enhances both operational flexibility and long-term sustainability. Ultimately, the paper demonstrates that enduring cyber resilience in hybrid energy systems requires more than patching vulnerabilities. It demands a systemic rethinking of control, coordination, and design. The framework and findings offer a forward-looking roadmap for securing the energy sector against evolving threats in an era of distributed complexity.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1186/s42400-026-00619-x","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-026-00619-x","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.64336/001c.83933","type":"article-journal","title":"Evaluating the potential of the lithium-carbon dioxide battery to replace the lithium-ion battery","abstract":"A recent advance in battery research has yielded the discovery of a lithium carbon-dioxide battery (Li-CO2). These batteries capture CO2 from the atmosphere to store and discharge energy. Li-CO2 batteries are an attempt at providing a large-scale battery solution for energy storage. They have a greater energy density (7x that of existing lithium-ion battery (LIB), are safe (fewer short circuit problems) and environmentally friendly (reduced harmful greenhouse gas). However, to date, Li-CO2 batteries have not yet been actively pursued due to a variety of technical challenges in their implementation: an excess buildup of carbon that ruins the battery after a few cycles of charge and discharge, net energy capacity loss with discharge cycles, no definite catalyst to speed up the reaction and research being performed under 100% CO2 partial pressure. By reviewing the current state of Li-CO2 battery, we compare its performance with LIB, and analyze possible advancements in the technology needed before it can become widely available. The goal of this review is to analyze the advantages and drawbacks of the current technological state of Li-CO2 batteries in comparison with the leading technology of LIB, by a techno-economic comparison. Our key findings are that LIBs are currently safer, last longer, discharge more, and are also more economically favorable than Li-CO2 in terms of durability, and cost. However, Li-CO2 batteries are more environmentally friendly, have a greater energy density, making them useful in energy grid balancing, mitigating large voltage fluctuations and in high volume transportation. There are potential applications for both batteries, and we propose steps that the field could take in order to address the challenges we have identified, that stop Li-CO2 batteries from being widely adopted.","author":[{"family":"Rajan","given":"Raghav"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.64336/001c.83933","URL":"https://doi.org/10.64336/001c.83933","source":"crossref"},{"id":"doi:10.31224/6069","type":"article-journal","title":"Economic Viability of Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling","abstract":"The rise of electric vehicles (EVs) has created a greater focus on lithium ion battery (LIBs) recycling. This paper compares the economic viability of LIB recycling in the United States, China, and Europe. It examines the three major recycling processes: hydrometallurgy, pyrometallurgy, and direct recycling. The analysis looks at how viable these processes are for both lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) chemistries. It breaks down both the capex and opex as well as what the value of the recovered materials are based on current market values. This study and its underlying model may be used as a guide for investment and to direct policy for long term viable LIB recycling processes.","author":[{"family":"Mitra","given":"Aditya"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.31224/6069","URL":"https://doi.org/10.31224/6069","source":"crossref"},{"id":"doi:10.1002/est2.70275","type":"article-journal","title":"Optimizing Renewable Energy and Storage Integration in Home Energy Management for Improved Grid Interaction and Cost Savings","abstract":"ABSTRACT Demand for effective and cost‐effective energy management solutions has increased due to residential settings' raising reliance on energy storage systems and renewable energy sources; however, integrating these systems seamlessly while preserving balanced grid interaction and financial benefits is a major challenge. This paper proposes an optimal integration strategy for renewable energy and energy storage in Home Energy Management Systems (HEMS) to enhance grid interaction and maximize economic benefits. The proposed approach uses Hiking Optimization (HO) to improve the Peak‐to‐Average Ratio (PAR) and minimize energy expenditures by integrating renewable energy sources and sophisticated optimization techniques into the HEMS. The HO method is employed to optimize the HEMS by minimizing daily energy costs and reducing the PAR through efficient utilization of energy storage systems and renewable energy sources. The proposed method is implemented on the MATLAB platform and contrasted with existing methods, including Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Genetic Flower Pollination Algorithm (GFPA), and Deep Neural Network (DNN). The comparison demonstrates the proposed method's improved performance, which achieves a cost of 440 cents. In contrast, the PSO approach yields 550 cents, the GFPA method achieves 666 cents, and the DNN method reaches 688 cents. This comparison illustrates the performance of the proposed strategy in optimizing HEMS performance for cost reduction in residential applications, outperforming traditional energy management techniques.","author":[{"family":"Sreeshobha","given":"Eniganti"},{"family":"Lakshmi","given":"Gundebommu"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1002/est2.70275","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70275","source":"crossref"},{"id":"doi:10.31235/osf.io/m6n4c_v1","type":"article-journal","title":"SPANISH GRID CODES AND THE INTEGRATION OF ENERGY STORAGE AND VEHICLE-TO-GRID TECHNOLOGIES","abstract":"This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the Spanish grid codes and connectionprocedures, specifically focusing on Royal Decree 1183/2020 and Royal Decree 647/2020. Itexamines how these regulations facilitate the integration of energy storage systems and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology into the Spanish electricity grid, crucial for achieving the nation'sambitious renewable energy targets. The article details the administrative streamlining for gridaccess introduced by RD 1183/2020, which treats energy storage facilities akin to generationassets, and elaborates on the technical requirements for Power-Generating Modules (PGMs)outlined in RD 647/2020, transposing European network codes. It discusses the current state ofenergy storage deployment, highlighting challenges in Battery Energy Storage System (BESS)adoption despite strategic targets, and explores the potential, regulatory hurdles, and ongoingpilot projects for V2G integration. The conclusion emphasizes the need for continued regulatoryrefinement, market adaptation, and technological maturation to fully unlock the flexibility andresilience offered by these technologies in Spain's decarbonized energy future.","author":[{"family":"Özercan","given":"Yusuf"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.31235/osf.io/m6n4c_v1","URL":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/m6n4c_v1","source":"crossref"},{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.7081699","type":"manuscript","title":"Improving Perovskite Solar Cell Performance: Where we Stand and What's Next?","abstract":"Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as highly promising candidates for next-generation photovoltaic technologies due to their remarkable power conversion efficiencies, low-cost fabrication routes, and tunable optoelectronic properties. However, their practical commercialization remains constrained by several critical challenges, including charge-carrier recombination, interface-related energy losses, environmental instability, and lead-associated concerns. This review presents a focused and updated analysis of advanced charge-carrier management strategies designed to address these limitations. Unlike broader PSC reviews, particular emphasis is placed on the coupled roles of carrier lifetime, mobility, and interface quality as fundamental determinants of device efficiency and long-term operational stability. Special attention is devoted to inverted p-in architectures, where buried hole-selective contacts, self-assembled monolayers, NiOx-based interlayers, and fullerene-derived electron-selective contacts increasingly govern voltage losses, extraction balance, operational durability, and scalability. Recent developments are discussed through the interconnected effects of buried-interface passivation, transport-layer energetics, crystallization control, and transient/steady-state characterization methods used to quantify non-radiative recombination and transport limitations. The scalability and reproducibility of these approaches are further evaluated under realistic operating conditions. Analysis of recent representative studies indicates that further improvements in PSC performance are increasingly limited not by intrinsic absorber properties alone, but by interfacial recombination, contact non-uniformity, and the long-term stability of carrierselective interfaces under thermal, electrical, and operational stress. Recent evidence suggests that further progress in PSC technology will increasingly depend on integrated control of charge-carrier dynamics across buried interfaces, transport layers, and scalable device architectures, particularly in formamidinium-rich and inverted p-in systems that currently represent the most promising platforms for durable high-efficiency photovoltaics.","author":[{"family":"Nematov","given":"Dilshod"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.2139/ssrn.7081699","URL":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7081699","source":"crossref"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21373192","type":"article-journal","title":"Industrial Gas Technologies Are Supporting Mexico's Manufacturing and Industrial Transformation","abstract":"Industrial gases are essential to modern manufacturing, healthcare, food processing, chemicals, metallurgy, electronics, and energy industries. Products such as oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, argon, carbon dioxide, and specialty gases enable critical production processes, improve operational efficiency, and support stringent quality standards across industrial applications. As Mexico continues strengthening its position as a global manufacturing hub while expanding healthcare infrastructure and industrial capacity, demand for industrial gases continues to grow across multiple end-use sectors. According to a study published by Vyansa Intelligence, the Mexico Industrial Gases Market was valued at $2.36 Billion in 2025 and is projected to reach $2.98 Billion by 2032, expanding at a CAGR of 3.39% during 2026-2032. Rising manufacturing activity, expanding industrial infrastructure, increasing healthcare demand, and technological modernization continue to support the Mexico Industrial Gases Market growth. Industrial Gases Remain Essential Across Manufacturing Industries Industrial gases support a broad range of manufacturing processes by improving productivity, product quality, and operational safety. Oxygen is widely used in steelmaking, wastewater treatment, glass manufacturing, and healthcare applications. Nitrogen supports inerting, electronics manufacturing, pharmaceutical production, and food preservation, while argon is commonly used for welding and precision metal fabrication. Hydrogen plays an important role in petroleum refining, chemical manufacturing, and emerging clean energy applications. Specialty gases are also essential for laboratories, semiconductor production, environmental monitoring, and research activities. The growing diversity of industrial applications continues shaping Mexico Industrial Gases Market trends as manufacturers adopt more advanced production technologies. Manufacturing Expansion Continues to Drive Demand Mexico remains one of the world's leading manufacturing economies, supported by strong automotive, aerospace, electronics, food processing, and machinery industries. Industrial gases are widely used throughout these sectors for welding, cutting, heat treatment, packaging, quality control, and chemical processing. The National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI) continues reporting robust industrial activity across manufacturing industries, reflecting the country's importance within global production and export supply chains. Continued investment in industrial facilities and production capacity supports rising demand for reliable industrial gas supply throughout the country. As manufacturers continue modernizing operations, industrial gas consumption is expected to expand steadily. Healthcare Infrastructure Supports Medical Gas Consumption Medical gases remain indispensable to hospitals, clinics, laboratories, and pharmaceutical facilities. Medical oxygen supports respiratory therapy, emergency care, surgical procedures, and intensive care, while nitrogen and specialty gases are widely used in laboratory diagnostics, cryogenic preservation, and pharmaceutical production. Mexico continues expanding healthcare infrastructure to improve medical services and strengthen healthcare accessibility. These investments require dependable production, storage, and distribution of high-purity medical gases that comply with rigorous quality standards. The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes medical oxygen as an essential medicine and a critical component of resilient healthcare systems, reinforcing the long-term importance of reliable medical gas supply. These developments continue strengthening the Mexico Industrial Gases Market forecast by supporting sustained healthcare demand. Food Processing Industry Expands Industrial Gas Applications Mexico possesses one of Latin America's largest food and beverage manufacturing industries. Industrial gases are widely utilized for modified atmosphere packa","author":[{"family":"Williamson","given":"Adam"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21373192","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21373192","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21373193","type":"article-journal","title":"Industrial Gas Technologies Are Supporting Mexico's Manufacturing and Industrial Transformation","abstract":"Industrial gases are essential to modern manufacturing, healthcare, food processing, chemicals, metallurgy, electronics, and energy industries. Products such as oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, argon, carbon dioxide, and specialty gases enable critical production processes, improve operational efficiency, and support stringent quality standards across industrial applications. As Mexico continues strengthening its position as a global manufacturing hub while expanding healthcare infrastructure and industrial capacity, demand for industrial gases continues to grow across multiple end-use sectors. According to a study published by Vyansa Intelligence, the Mexico Industrial Gases Market was valued at $2.36 Billion in 2025 and is projected to reach $2.98 Billion by 2032, expanding at a CAGR of 3.39% during 2026-2032. Rising manufacturing activity, expanding industrial infrastructure, increasing healthcare demand, and technological modernization continue to support the Mexico Industrial Gases Market growth. Industrial Gases Remain Essential Across Manufacturing Industries Industrial gases support a broad range of manufacturing processes by improving productivity, product quality, and operational safety. Oxygen is widely used in steelmaking, wastewater treatment, glass manufacturing, and healthcare applications. Nitrogen supports inerting, electronics manufacturing, pharmaceutical production, and food preservation, while argon is commonly used for welding and precision metal fabrication. Hydrogen plays an important role in petroleum refining, chemical manufacturing, and emerging clean energy applications. Specialty gases are also essential for laboratories, semiconductor production, environmental monitoring, and research activities. The growing diversity of industrial applications continues shaping Mexico Industrial Gases Market trends as manufacturers adopt more advanced production technologies. Manufacturing Expansion Continues to Drive Demand Mexico remains one of the world's leading manufacturing economies, supported by strong automotive, aerospace, electronics, food processing, and machinery industries. Industrial gases are widely used throughout these sectors for welding, cutting, heat treatment, packaging, quality control, and chemical processing. The National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI) continues reporting robust industrial activity across manufacturing industries, reflecting the country's importance within global production and export supply chains. Continued investment in industrial facilities and production capacity supports rising demand for reliable industrial gas supply throughout the country. As manufacturers continue modernizing operations, industrial gas consumption is expected to expand steadily. Healthcare Infrastructure Supports Medical Gas Consumption Medical gases remain indispensable to hospitals, clinics, laboratories, and pharmaceutical facilities. Medical oxygen supports respiratory therapy, emergency care, surgical procedures, and intensive care, while nitrogen and specialty gases are widely used in laboratory diagnostics, cryogenic preservation, and pharmaceutical production. Mexico continues expanding healthcare infrastructure to improve medical services and strengthen healthcare accessibility. These investments require dependable production, storage, and distribution of high-purity medical gases that comply with rigorous quality standards. The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes medical oxygen as an essential medicine and a critical component of resilient healthcare systems, reinforcing the long-term importance of reliable medical gas supply. These developments continue strengthening the Mexico Industrial Gases Market forecast by supporting sustained healthcare demand. Food Processing Industry Expands Industrial Gas Applications Mexico possesses one of Latin America's largest food and beverage manufacturing industries. Industrial gases are widely utilized for modified atmosphere packa","author":[{"family":"Williamson","given":"Adam"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21373193","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21373193","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20383956","type":"article-journal","title":"Supplementary Dataset and Benchmark Logs: Multi-Vector Indexing Evaluation for System Dynamics Models","abstract":"This repository contains the raw experimental datasets and query configurations generated for the empirical evaluation in the paper \"Beyond Whole-Model Vectors: Graph-Aware Multi-Vector Representation for System Dynamics Models\". The dataset was used to evaluate a novel graph-aware Multi-Vector Indexing architecture against a traditional Single-Vector baseline. The proposed methodology decomposes raw System Dynamics JSON graphs into distinct semantic segments (Stock-Flow Subsystems, Causal Paths, and Feedback Loops) to overcome the \"Information Bottleneck\" inherent in whole-model dense embeddings. Dataset Contents paper_a_multivector_benchmark.csv: Contains 2,079 unique query-to-model interactions derived from testing 63 diverse System Dynamics models against 33 complex, domain-specific conceptual queries. paper_a_group_analysis.csv: Details the semantic precision broken down by query scope (Specific/Structural vs. Broad/Conceptual). paper_a_multivector_metrics.csv: Contains the Information Retrieval (IR) performance metrics (Precision@1, Precision@3, and Mean Reciprocal Rank - MRR), comparing the retrieval accuracy across the Multi-Vector, Single-Vector, and Naive-Chunk indexing strategies. Benchmark Query Categorization To quantitatively investigate the structural drivers behind retrieval variance, the 33 conceptual queries were explicitly categorized into two distinct cohorts: Group A: Specific / Structural Queries (18 queries) (Targeting explicit causal paths, isolated feedback loops, or strict mathematical formulations) Causal relationship between lake water levels and groundwater reserves Herbivory influence on plant growth and water consumption Energy recovery processes in wastewater treatment plants Chemical usage and sludge accumulation in water treatment facilities Traffic flow optimization using signal control mechanisms Impact of project scheduling on ongoing construction tasks Smart building climate control and indoor temperature regulation Machine maintenance delays affecting raw material processing Feedback loops stabilizing bank liquidity during deposit withdrawals Inflation rates and their effect on money supply dynamics Cash flow accumulation in long-term investment portfolios Causal path from nutrient limitation to waste accumulation Feedback regulation mechanisms in stem cell differentiation Genetic mutation and selection effects on allele frequency Predator-prey dynamics using Rosenzweig MacArthur equations Correlating urban passenger transport flow dynamics with residential housing growth patterns and smart climate regulation demands Modeling the structural transmission vectors of infectious disease spread through urban public transport passenger flows and indoor smart building climate systems Integrating urban signal control traffic optimization with district heating network distribution to enhance smart building indoor temperature regulation Group B: Broad / Conceptual Queries (15 queries) (Targeting macro-level model behaviors, general dynamics, and holistic resource management) Carbon dioxide absorption limits in ocean and forest ecosystems Water allocation trade-offs in crop irrigation systems General dynamics of urban growth and public infrastructure Urban growth models including unemployment dynamics and social infrastructure Passenger flow and congestion management in urban public transport District heating network efficiency and heat distribution Integration of renewable energy and battery storage in power grids Waste accumulation and recycling mechanisms in urban management Government budget allocation between taxation and public spending International trade balance and export growth mechanisms Consumer market dynamics involving supply, demand, and pricing Impact of infectious disease spread on susceptible populations How do infectious diseases in wildlife populations ripple through international trade balances and domestic inflation rates? How do shifts in ocean carbon dioxide absorption limits","author":[{"family":"Kyurkchiev","given":"Pavel"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20383956","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20383956","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20771612","type":"article-journal","title":"Implementation Of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT's) In Highways","abstract":"Abstract--- In recent years, the demand for renewable developmen [2] (Mohamed et al., 2018) Recently, N. Raghu energy sources has escalated due to the depletion of fossil et al. proposed a hybrid power generation system integrating a fuels and mounting environmental concerns. Among VAWT with solar energy. [3Their analysis demonstrated various renewables, wind energy emerges as a particularly that combining multiple renewable sources enhances promising alternative. This project centers on the design overall energy output and reliability, especially in and development of a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine regions with inconsistent wind conditions, thereby optimized for power generation even at low wind speeds. emphasizing the value of hybrid approaches in Unlike Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines, VAWTs obviate contemporary energy systems. (Zubaidi et al., 2020) In the need for wind direction alignment and perform another investigation, V. Shende utilized Computational efficiently in turbulent, variable wind conditions. The Fluid Dynamics to optimize VAWT blade profiles, study employs a hybrid model integrating Savonius and aiming to increase efficiency and minimize energy Darrieus rotor features to augment self-starting losses. [4] The findings underscored the pivotal role of blade capabilities and overall performance. Blade and structural design in improving turbine performance amid variable wind designs are engineered to maximize power output while regimes. (Li & Chen, 2019) G. Mohammed et al. designed and maintaining simplicity and cost-effectiveness. This project tested a hybrid VAWT incorporating Savonius and Darrieus substantiates VAWTs as an effective, practical solution for rotor configurations. Their results indicated that this hybrid sustainable energy generation, particularly in regions model enhances self-starting capabilities while preserving characterized by inconsistent wind regimes.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20771612","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20771612","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20771613","type":"article-journal","title":"Implementation Of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT's) In Highways","abstract":"Abstract--- In recent years, the demand for renewable developmen [2] (Mohamed et al., 2018) Recently, N. Raghu energy sources has escalated due to the depletion of fossil et al. proposed a hybrid power generation system integrating a fuels and mounting environmental concerns. Among VAWT with solar energy. [3Their analysis demonstrated various renewables, wind energy emerges as a particularly that combining multiple renewable sources enhances promising alternative. This project centers on the design overall energy output and reliability, especially in and development of a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine regions with inconsistent wind conditions, thereby optimized for power generation even at low wind speeds. emphasizing the value of hybrid approaches in Unlike Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines, VAWTs obviate contemporary energy systems. (Zubaidi et al., 2020) In the need for wind direction alignment and perform another investigation, V. Shende utilized Computational efficiently in turbulent, variable wind conditions. The Fluid Dynamics to optimize VAWT blade profiles, study employs a hybrid model integrating Savonius and aiming to increase efficiency and minimize energy Darrieus rotor features to augment self-starting losses. [4] The findings underscored the pivotal role of blade capabilities and overall performance. Blade and structural design in improving turbine performance amid variable wind designs are engineered to maximize power output while regimes. (Li & Chen, 2019) G. Mohammed et al. designed and maintaining simplicity and cost-effectiveness. This project tested a hybrid VAWT incorporating Savonius and Darrieus substantiates VAWTs as an effective, practical solution for rotor configurations. Their results indicated that this hybrid sustainable energy generation, particularly in regions model enhances self-starting capabilities while preserving characterized by inconsistent wind regimes.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20771613","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20771613","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19657441","type":"article-journal","title":"Kiky-41/ebt-project-dataset-indonesia: Indonesia Renewable Energy Project Dataset (2002–2024) v1.0.0","abstract":"🇮🇩 Indonesia Renewable Energy Project Dataset (2002–2024) v1.0.0 Initial release of a structured dataset of financially closed renewable energy projects in Indonesia for machine learning and policy analysis. Overview This release provides a curated dataset covering renewable energy projects in Indonesia from 2002 to 2024. Key characteristics: 34 project observations 73 features 27 primary machine-learning features 10 integrated data sources Financial, governance, technology, and regulatory dimensions Contents Processed dataset Supporting notebooks Metadata and documentation Repository structure for reproducible analysis Dataset Scope The dataset is designed for studies related to: Renewable energy project success Project finance and governance Policy regime analysis Machine learning for energy systems SHAP-based explainability Feature Domains The dataset includes variables related to: Financial viability Governance and sponsorship Technology and scale Regulatory and grid access Macro-financial context Intended Use This repository is intended for: Academic research Policy analysis Reproducible data-driven studies Benchmarking for machine learning models Version v1.0.0 — Initial dataset release This version represents the baseline public release of the dataset before associated publication updates. License Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) Future Updates Planned future versions may include: Citation metadata updates Documentation improvements Associated publication links Expanded feature descriptions Additional dataset revisions where applicable","author":[{"family":"Ikhsan","given":"Rifki"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19657441","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19657441","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19657442","type":"article-journal","title":"Kiky-41/ebt-project-dataset-indonesia: Indonesia Renewable Energy Project Dataset (2002–2024) v1.0.0","abstract":"🇮🇩 Indonesia Renewable Energy Project Dataset (2002–2024) v1.0.0 Initial release of a structured dataset of financially closed renewable energy projects in Indonesia for machine learning and policy analysis. Overview This release provides a curated dataset covering renewable energy projects in Indonesia from 2002 to 2024. Key characteristics: 34 project observations 73 features 27 primary machine-learning features 10 integrated data sources Financial, governance, technology, and regulatory dimensions Contents Processed dataset Supporting notebooks Metadata and documentation Repository structure for reproducible analysis Dataset Scope The dataset is designed for studies related to: Renewable energy project success Project finance and governance Policy regime analysis Machine learning for energy systems SHAP-based explainability Feature Domains The dataset includes variables related to: Financial viability Governance and sponsorship Technology and scale Regulatory and grid access Macro-financial context Intended Use This repository is intended for: Academic research Policy analysis Reproducible data-driven studies Benchmarking for machine learning models Version v1.0.0 — Initial dataset release This version represents the baseline public release of the dataset before associated publication updates. License Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) Future Updates Planned future versions may include: Citation metadata updates Documentation improvements Associated publication links Expanded feature descriptions Additional dataset revisions where applicable","author":[{"family":"Ikhsan","given":"Rifki"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19657442","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19657442","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20225752","type":"article-journal","title":"Comparative Process Design and Modeled  Performance of a Small-Scale Bioethanol Pro-duction System Using Agricultural Residues","abstract":"The increasing environmental and economic concerns associated with fossil-fuel dependen-cy have intensified global interest in renewable transportation fuels. Among alternative biofuels, bioethanol has emerged as one of the most commercially viable and widely adopt-ed options because it can be produced from renewable biomass resources and integrated into existing fuel infrastructures. This study presents a comparative process-design assess-ment of a compact bioethanol production system utilizing three abundant lignocellulosic agricultural residues: rice straw, sugarcane bagasse, and corn stover. A literature-informed process model was developed for a small-scale educational bioethanol unit comprising feedstock preparation, dilute-acid pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, yeast fermentation, and reflux-assisted distillation. The investigation evaluates the influence of biomass compo-sition on fermentable sugar recovery, ethanol yield, process efficiency, and energy demand. The modeled analysis indicates that sugarcane bagasse demonstrates the most favorable conversion performance under the selected operating assumptions, yielding approximately 74 g/L fermentable sugars and 34.5 g/L ethanol prior to separation. Corn stover exhibited intermediate performance, whereas rice straw produced comparatively lower ethanol con-centrations because of its elevated ash and silica content, which reduce carbohydrate acces-sibility during pretreatment. The results further reveal that pretreatment and distillation ac-count for the majority of the process energy requirement, highlighting the importance of heat integration, solids management, and process optimization in improving system effi-ciency. The study concludes that a modular small-scale bioethanol system can serve as an effective educational and research platform for demonstrating biomass-to-fuel conversion technologies. Furthermore, transparent presentation of modeled assumptions and calculation procedures strengthens the academic reliability of design-stage biofuel studies intended for instructional and comparative analysis.","author":[{"family":"Sharma","given":"Samriddha"},{"family":"Sondhiya","given":"Om"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20225752","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20225752","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20225753","type":"article-journal","title":"Comparative Process Design and Modeled  Performance of a Small-Scale Bioethanol Pro-duction System Using Agricultural Residues","abstract":"The increasing environmental and economic concerns associated with fossil-fuel dependen-cy have intensified global interest in renewable transportation fuels. Among alternative biofuels, bioethanol has emerged as one of the most commercially viable and widely adopt-ed options because it can be produced from renewable biomass resources and integrated into existing fuel infrastructures. This study presents a comparative process-design assess-ment of a compact bioethanol production system utilizing three abundant lignocellulosic agricultural residues: rice straw, sugarcane bagasse, and corn stover. A literature-informed process model was developed for a small-scale educational bioethanol unit comprising feedstock preparation, dilute-acid pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, yeast fermentation, and reflux-assisted distillation. The investigation evaluates the influence of biomass compo-sition on fermentable sugar recovery, ethanol yield, process efficiency, and energy demand. The modeled analysis indicates that sugarcane bagasse demonstrates the most favorable conversion performance under the selected operating assumptions, yielding approximately 74 g/L fermentable sugars and 34.5 g/L ethanol prior to separation. Corn stover exhibited intermediate performance, whereas rice straw produced comparatively lower ethanol con-centrations because of its elevated ash and silica content, which reduce carbohydrate acces-sibility during pretreatment. The results further reveal that pretreatment and distillation ac-count for the majority of the process energy requirement, highlighting the importance of heat integration, solids management, and process optimization in improving system effi-ciency. The study concludes that a modular small-scale bioethanol system can serve as an effective educational and research platform for demonstrating biomass-to-fuel conversion technologies. Furthermore, transparent presentation of modeled assumptions and calculation procedures strengthens the academic reliability of design-stage biofuel studies intended for instructional and comparative analysis.","author":[{"family":"Sharma","given":"Samriddha"},{"family":"Sondhiya","given":"Om"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20225753","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20225753","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20321927","type":"article-journal","title":"Role of Eco-Friendly Hotel Practices in Promoting Sustainable Tourism in Solapur District","abstract":"The global hospitality industry is increasingly recognizing the imperative of integrating eco-friendly practices as a strategic response to escalating environmental concerns and growing consumer awareness. This study examines the role of environmentally sustainable practices in the hotel industry and evaluates their impact on operational efficiency, brand image, customer satisfaction, and long-term sustainability. By analyzing key green initiatives such as energy conservation, water management, waste reduction, use of renewable resources, and sustainable procurement, the research highlights how hotels can minimize their ecological footprint while maintaining service quality and competitiveness. The study further explores managerial perceptions and guest attitudes toward eco-friendly operations, emphasizing the alignment between environmental responsibility and business performance. Findings suggest that the adoption of green practices not only contributes to environmental preservation but also enhances customer loyalty, cost efficiency, and corporate reputation. The paper concludes that eco-friendly practices are no longer optional but essential for sustainable growth in the hotel industry, and it recommends the integration of environmental strategies into core hospitality management policies to achieve a balanced approach between economic viability and ecological stewardship.","author":[{"family":"Patil","given":"Mrs"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20321927","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20321927","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20321928","type":"article-journal","title":"Role of Eco-Friendly Hotel Practices in Promoting Sustainable Tourism in Solapur District","abstract":"The global hospitality industry is increasingly recognizing the imperative of integrating eco-friendly practices as a strategic response to escalating environmental concerns and growing consumer awareness. This study examines the role of environmentally sustainable practices in the hotel industry and evaluates their impact on operational efficiency, brand image, customer satisfaction, and long-term sustainability. By analyzing key green initiatives such as energy conservation, water management, waste reduction, use of renewable resources, and sustainable procurement, the research highlights how hotels can minimize their ecological footprint while maintaining service quality and competitiveness. The study further explores managerial perceptions and guest attitudes toward eco-friendly operations, emphasizing the alignment between environmental responsibility and business performance. Findings suggest that the adoption of green practices not only contributes to environmental preservation but also enhances customer loyalty, cost efficiency, and corporate reputation. The paper concludes that eco-friendly practices are no longer optional but essential for sustainable growth in the hotel industry, and it recommends the integration of environmental strategies into core hospitality management policies to achieve a balanced approach between economic viability and ecological stewardship.","author":[{"family":"Patil","given":"Mrs"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20321928","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20321928","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-58426-w","type":"article-journal","title":"A system-based evaluation and feedback mechanism for green quality of metropolis energy big data using probabilistic linguistic term sets.","abstract":"Renewable energy will reduce the strain on the energy supply to some degree; however, many challenges exist in its organic integration with the current energy system, thus prompting a new round of transformation of the existing energy system. Inspired by the Internet concepts, methods, and technologies, the Energy Internet, an open and equal facility for convenient access and intelligent use of energy throughout the chain from production and transmission to consumption, has become a significant development trend. Energy, big data has enormous potential value in facilitating the demand-driven allocation of energy resources and the optimization and transition of the energy structure. The green quality evaluation of metropolis energy big data belongs to the MAGDM category. Recently, ExpTODIM and PROMETHEE techniques have been applied to solve MAGDM problems. In the green quality evaluation of metropolis' energy big data, probabilistic linguistic term sets (PLTSs) characterize uncertain information. In this paper, the probabilistic linguistic ExpTODIM-MABAC (PL-ExpTODIM-MABAC) technique is constructed and proposed to solve MAGDM problems with PLTSs. The MEREC technique obtains weights under PLTSs. Finally, an example of the green quality evaluation of metropolis' energy big data is provided to demonstrate the ExpTODIM-MABAC approach.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1038/s41598-026-58426-w","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-58426-w","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.3390/gels12070598","type":"article-journal","title":"Functional Hydrogel-Based Flexible Thermoelectric Generators: Principles, Mechanism, and Emerging Applications.","abstract":"One of the latest and innovative areas of research in energy is the development of thermoelectric generators (TEGs). A novel family of soft, sustainable energy harvesters, hydrogel-based renewable flexible thermoelectric generators use linked ionic, electronic, and redox processes to transform heat gradients into electrical energy. According to recent research, a hydrogel-based TEG has ionic Seebeck coefficients (S) of the order 10-40 mV K -1 , which are tens to hundreds of times greater than those of electronic polymers. Thermal conductivities are modest (~0.3-0.6 W/m&#xb7;K), ionic conductivities typically vary from 10 -3 to 10 -1 S cm -1 , and water-rich gels are naturally soft with elastic moduli ~10 3 -10 6 Pa and elongations &gt; 100-800%. Recent developments in the concepts, properties, working mechanism, and potential applications of hydrogel-based thermoelectric generators are the focus of this review paper. We investigate the basic transport processes, such as ionic thermodiffusion, thermoelectric ion-electron coupling, and redox-mediated potential production, that allow thermoelectric conversion in hydrogels. This review identifies bottlenecks such as poor output power under minor gradients, summarize performance parameters, and assess methods to improve efficiency. Wearable and implanted power sources, low-grade waste heat collection, and environmental monitoring are examples of promising applications. Lastly, we describe the research avenues that must be pursued in order to expedite the transition of hydrogel-based thermoelectric generators from lab tests to useful, sustainable energy sources. Therefore, the review can provide fundamental knowledge on hydrogel-based TEGs along with their working principles.","author":[{"family":"Mm","given":"Bhuyan"},{"family":"Jh","given":"Jeong"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.3390/gels12070598","URL":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels12070598","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.3390/polym18131565","type":"article-journal","title":"Recent Advances in Cellulose Depolymerization: Mechanistic Insights, Catalytic Innovations, and Scalable Pathways for Biomass Valorization.","abstract":"Cellulose is the most promising abundant renewable polymer material with the highest potential for the future low-carbon biorefineries. However, its utilization in industry is limited by the structural recalcitrance as a result of organization of crystalline domains, fibrillar architecture hierarchy and intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonding which is responsible for access restriction for the catalysts and consequent cleavage of the glycosidic bonds. Therefore, efficient depolymerization of cellulose is of paramount importance as a step in biomass conversion into the low molecular products. In this review, the recent advances in cellulose depolymerization are discussed. The chemical, enzymatic, thermal, thermochemical, mechanochemical, oxidative and hybrid catalytic method is thoroughly discussed. Attention is paid to the mechanism of the depolymerization reaction steps as glycosidic bond activation as hydrolytic, radical mediated, and energy assisted pathways. Selectivity and conversion efficiency based on substrate morphology, solvent system and catalyst design are also discussed. Further, there is a comparison of key performance metrics which are relevant for the industrial process as product yield, carbon efficiency, energy demand, stability of the catalyst, solvent recyclability and impact to the environmental lifecycle. The pros and cons of the various methods are also represented. Processes based on mineral acids enable rapid conversion. However, they suffer from corrosion, waste handling issues and degradation by-products. On the other hand, enzymatic depolymerization processes offer relatively high selectivity but they are limited in terms of feedstock sensitivity and slow reaction kinetics. The downstream valorization mechanisms are also described with the result being that no single available technology is capable of satisfying all industrial requirements. Thus, future progress expects integrated circular processes where advanced catalysis, process intensification and digital optimization strategies take place.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.3390/polym18131565","URL":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym18131565","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20108978","type":"article-journal","title":"Analysis of IoT Application in Solar Photovoltaic System","abstract":"The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology into Solar Photovoltaic (PV) systems has emerged as an effective approach for improving energy harvesting efficiency, operational reliability, and efficient system monitoring and management. This review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of multi-layered IoT applications in PV infrastructures, ranging from panel-level monitoring to intelligent power conversion. As global solar capacity surpassed 1,400 GW in 2024, the demand for real-time data acquisition and efficient system management has become critical. This study explores IoT implementation in solar PV arrays, conventional boost converters, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) units, inverters, and specialized sensor networks. It highlights the transition from conventional monitoring to IoT-enabled real-time monitoring and data-driven analysis using communication protocols such as MQTT and NB-IoT to address challenges such as partial shading, thermal variations, and power quality. Recent studies indicate that AI-integrated IoT frameworks improve system performance through predictive maintenance, anomaly detection, and performance forecasting. This review identifies key challenges such as system complexity, communication latency, and scalability, and outlines potential directions for improving IoT-based PV system performance. Overall, IoT integration represents a significant step toward efficient, reliable, and sustainable next-generation renewable energy systems.","author":[{"family":"Drsgomathi","given":"Dr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20108978","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20108978","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20108979","type":"article-journal","title":"Analysis of IoT Application in Solar Photovoltaic System","abstract":"The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology into Solar Photovoltaic (PV) systems has emerged as an effective approach for improving energy harvesting efficiency, operational reliability, and efficient system monitoring and management. This review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of multi-layered IoT applications in PV infrastructures, ranging from panel-level monitoring to intelligent power conversion. As global solar capacity surpassed 1,400 GW in 2024, the demand for real-time data acquisition and efficient system management has become critical. This study explores IoT implementation in solar PV arrays, conventional boost converters, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) units, inverters, and specialized sensor networks. It highlights the transition from conventional monitoring to IoT-enabled real-time monitoring and data-driven analysis using communication protocols such as MQTT and NB-IoT to address challenges such as partial shading, thermal variations, and power quality. Recent studies indicate that AI-integrated IoT frameworks improve system performance through predictive maintenance, anomaly detection, and performance forecasting. This review identifies key challenges such as system complexity, communication latency, and scalability, and outlines potential directions for improving IoT-based PV system performance. Overall, IoT integration represents a significant step toward efficient, reliable, and sustainable next-generation renewable energy systems.","author":[{"family":"Drsgomathi","given":"Dr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20108979","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20108979","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.17596034","type":"article-journal","title":"Global Modernization Index (2000-2024)","abstract":"The Global Modernization Index (GMI) dataset provides a synthetic yet empirically grounded representation of national development trajectories for 195 countries from 2000 to 2024. It captures structural, economic, technological, and institutional dimensions of modernisation through a suite of harmonised indicators, including GDP per capita, urbanisation, internet penetration, renewable energy adoption, education and health metrics, gender equity, corruption perceptions, digital economy activity, and national innovation expenditure. Each variable is designed to emulate realistic global trends, incorporating known macro-shocks (e.g., the 2008–09 financial crisis and the 2020 pandemic), typical adoption curves, and gradual improvements in social and institutional measures. The dataset is internally consistent, fully populated, and formatted for longitudinal analysis, cross-country comparison, index construction, or modelling exercises. The composite Global Modernization Index (0–100) is calculated using weighted, normalised components (detailed within the file), offering a single interpretable measure of relative national modernisation over time. While the dataset is synthetic and not derived directly from empirical observations, it is engineered to approximate real-world dynamics and provide a robust foundation for simulation, scenario analysis, methodological testing, or educational use.","author":[{"family":"Heuristics","given":"H"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.17596034","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17596034","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.17596033","type":"article-journal","title":"Global Modernization Index (2000-2024)","abstract":"The Global Modernization Index (GMI) dataset provides a synthetic yet empirically grounded representation of national development trajectories for 195 countries from 2000 to 2024. It captures structural, economic, technological, and institutional dimensions of modernisation through a suite of harmonised indicators, including GDP per capita, urbanisation, internet penetration, renewable energy adoption, education and health metrics, gender equity, corruption perceptions, digital economy activity, and national innovation expenditure. Each variable is designed to emulate realistic global trends, incorporating known macro-shocks (e.g., the 2008–09 financial crisis and the 2020 pandemic), typical adoption curves, and gradual improvements in social and institutional measures. The dataset is internally consistent, fully populated, and formatted for longitudinal analysis, cross-country comparison, index construction, or modelling exercises. The composite Global Modernization Index (0–100) is calculated using weighted, normalised components (detailed within the file), offering a single interpretable measure of relative national modernisation over time. While the dataset is synthetic and not derived directly from empirical observations, it is engineered to approximate real-world dynamics and provide a robust foundation for simulation, scenario analysis, methodological testing, or educational use.","author":[{"family":"Heuristics","given":"H"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.17596033","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17596033","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20608381","type":"article-journal","title":"A Systematic Review of Green Finance in the Indian Banking Sector","abstract":"The global climate crisis has necessitated a paradigm shift from traditional profit-centric banking to a model that integrates environmental sustainability. In the context of India a nation balancing rapid industrialization with ambitious climate commitments under the Paris Agreement the financial sector plays a pivotal role. This systematic review investigates the evolution, adoption, and impact of green finance within the Indian banking sector. As the Indian government targets \"Net Zero\" by 2070, the banking sector is increasingly tasked with mobilizing capital for renewable energy, electric mobility, and sustainable infrastructure. This study aims to synthesize existing literature to identify trends, evaluate the effectiveness of current green financing frameworks, and highlight the barriers hindering widespread implementation. A comprehensive search was conducted across major academic databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, covering the period from 2010 to 2024. The selection criteria focused on peer-reviewed articles, policy reports from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), GOI and sustainability disclosures from major public and private sector banks. Out of an initial pool of several hundred papers, a final selection was curated based on relevance to green lending practices, ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) integration, and the regulatory landscape in India. The review reveals that while green finance in India is in a developing stage compared to developed economies, it has gained significant momentum over the last decade. Key findings indicate that the RBI’s inclusion of renewable energy under \"Priority Sector Lending\" (PSL) has been a primary catalyst for green credit. Furthermore, the emergence of Green Bonds has provided a new avenue for banks to raise capital specifically for eco-friendly projects. However, the synthesis highlights a \"sectoral gap,\" where the majority of green finance is directed toward large-scale renewable energy projects, leaving sustainable agriculture and small-scale energy efficiency initiatives underfunded. Keywords: Green finance, Indian banking sector, RBI, ESG, PSL, sustainability","author":[{"family":"Rai","given":"Manish"},{"family":"Srivastava","given":"Vinay"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20608381","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20608381","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20608382","type":"article-journal","title":"A Systematic Review of Green Finance in the Indian Banking Sector","abstract":"The global climate crisis has necessitated a paradigm shift from traditional profit-centric banking to a model that integrates environmental sustainability. In the context of India a nation balancing rapid industrialization with ambitious climate commitments under the Paris Agreement the financial sector plays a pivotal role. This systematic review investigates the evolution, adoption, and impact of green finance within the Indian banking sector. As the Indian government targets \"Net Zero\" by 2070, the banking sector is increasingly tasked with mobilizing capital for renewable energy, electric mobility, and sustainable infrastructure. This study aims to synthesize existing literature to identify trends, evaluate the effectiveness of current green financing frameworks, and highlight the barriers hindering widespread implementation. A comprehensive search was conducted across major academic databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, covering the period from 2010 to 2024. The selection criteria focused on peer-reviewed articles, policy reports from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), GOI and sustainability disclosures from major public and private sector banks. Out of an initial pool of several hundred papers, a final selection was curated based on relevance to green lending practices, ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) integration, and the regulatory landscape in India. The review reveals that while green finance in India is in a developing stage compared to developed economies, it has gained significant momentum over the last decade. Key findings indicate that the RBI’s inclusion of renewable energy under \"Priority Sector Lending\" (PSL) has been a primary catalyst for green credit. Furthermore, the emergence of Green Bonds has provided a new avenue for banks to raise capital specifically for eco-friendly projects. However, the synthesis highlights a \"sectoral gap,\" where the majority of green finance is directed toward large-scale renewable energy projects, leaving sustainable agriculture and small-scale energy efficiency initiatives underfunded. Keywords: Green finance, Indian banking sector, RBI, ESG, PSL, sustainability","author":[{"family":"Rai","given":"Manish"},{"family":"Srivastava","given":"Vinay"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20608382","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20608382","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22131985","type":"article-journal","title":"Sustainable Growth and Economic Growth in Bangladesh An Econometric Analysis of the Growth–Environment Nexus, 2000–2024","abstract":"Bangladesh has sustained one of the fastest economic growth trajectories in South Asia over the past two decades, with average annual GDP growth exceeding 6 percent between 2000 and 2019. This paper examines whether that growth has been environmentally sustainable using an Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) framework and a complementary growth-sustainability model estimated on annual data for 2000-2024. Using OLS with Newey-West (HAC) standard errors, the analysis finds that renewable energy consumption share is the strongest and most robust predictor of lower per-capita carbon emissions, while the classical quadratic EKC turning point is not reliably identified in this short annual series because per-capita income, emissions and the renewable-energy share are all strongly trending and mutually collinear. The growth-sustainability model shows that trade openness is significantly associated with higher growth, while capital formation and renewables carry the expected positive signs but fall short of conventional significance in this small sample. The paper concludes with policy implications for reconciling continued growth with Bangladesh's climate and energy transition commitments.","author":[{"family":"Alamin","given":"Md"},{"family":"Prianka","given":"Mandal"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22131985","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22131985","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22131986","type":"article-journal","title":"Sustainable Growth and Economic Growth in Bangladesh An Econometric Analysis of the Growth–Environment Nexus, 2000–2024","abstract":"Bangladesh has sustained one of the fastest economic growth trajectories in South Asia over the past two decades, with average annual GDP growth exceeding 6 percent between 2000 and 2019. This paper examines whether that growth has been environmentally sustainable using an Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) framework and a complementary growth-sustainability model estimated on annual data for 2000-2024. Using OLS with Newey-West (HAC) standard errors, the analysis finds that renewable energy consumption share is the strongest and most robust predictor of lower per-capita carbon emissions, while the classical quadratic EKC turning point is not reliably identified in this short annual series because per-capita income, emissions and the renewable-energy share are all strongly trending and mutually collinear. The growth-sustainability model shows that trade openness is significantly associated with higher growth, while capital formation and renewables carry the expected positive signs but fall short of conventional significance in this small sample. The paper concludes with policy implications for reconciling continued growth with Bangladesh's climate and energy transition commitments.","author":[{"family":"Alamin","given":"Md"},{"family":"Prianka","given":"Mandal"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22131986","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22131986","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20433406","type":"article-journal","title":"Sustainable AI Infrastructure and Strategic Growth: A Microsoft Case Study","abstract":"Abstract Microsoft’s AI story is not only about smarter software. It is also about the physical machinery required to make that software work at global scale. Every model, copilot, automated workflow, and cloud-based AI service relies on something concrete: data centers, specialist chips, electricity agreements, cooling systems, fiber networks, land, and enormous capital spending. That is why Microsoft is such a revealing case. Its position in AI is inseparable from Azure, from its energy strategy, from investor expectations, and from the growing question of whether digital expansion can remain environmentally credible. The financial case is strong. In fiscal year 2025, Microsoft reported $281.7 billion in revenue and $128.5 billion in operating income. Azure alone generated more than $75 billion and grew by 34%. Those figures make clear that cloud and AI infrastructure are not side projects; they sit close to the center of Microsoft’s growth model. But the environmental side of the story is just as important. Microsoft reported 34 gigawatts of contracted renewable energy across 24 countries, including 19 gigawatts of new renewable energy across 16 countries in 2024. Those numbers show the scale of what is now required. To lead in AI, Microsoft must do more than build powerful systems. It must show that the infrastructure behind them can be expanded responsibly, credibly, and without ignoring the environmental costs of growth. This paper uses a mixed-methods case study to examine sustainable AI infrastructure as a strategic growth capability. Qualitative analysis interprets Microsoft’s AI-cloud model, sustainability commitments, stakeholder pressures, and infrastructure risks. Quantitative analysis applies straight-line calculations to examine the relationship between AI-cloud growth, renewable energy procurement, and strategic alignment. The central equation is ΔG = mS + b, where ΔG represents change in strategic growth, S represents sustainable AI infrastructure capability, m represents the marginal effect of sustainability capability, and b represents baseline growth. The paper argues that sustainable AI infrastructure is no longer a public-relations layer around technology growth. It is becoming a condition of credible AI leadership. Firms that scale compute without environmental discipline may create future constraints for themselves. Firms that integrate energy, carbon, water, and stakeholder legitimacy into infrastructure strategy are better positioned to grow responsibly and durably. Keywords: artificial intelligence, cloud infrastructure, Microsoft, sustainability, strategic growth, data centers","author":[{"family":"Anyanwu","given":"Wisdom"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20433406","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20433406","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20433407","type":"article-journal","title":"Sustainable AI Infrastructure and Strategic Growth: A Microsoft Case Study","abstract":"Abstract Microsoft’s AI story is not only about smarter software. It is also about the physical machinery required to make that software work at global scale. Every model, copilot, automated workflow, and cloud-based AI service relies on something concrete: data centers, specialist chips, electricity agreements, cooling systems, fiber networks, land, and enormous capital spending. That is why Microsoft is such a revealing case. Its position in AI is inseparable from Azure, from its energy strategy, from investor expectations, and from the growing question of whether digital expansion can remain environmentally credible. The financial case is strong. In fiscal year 2025, Microsoft reported $281.7 billion in revenue and $128.5 billion in operating income. Azure alone generated more than $75 billion and grew by 34%. Those figures make clear that cloud and AI infrastructure are not side projects; they sit close to the center of Microsoft’s growth model. But the environmental side of the story is just as important. Microsoft reported 34 gigawatts of contracted renewable energy across 24 countries, including 19 gigawatts of new renewable energy across 16 countries in 2024. Those numbers show the scale of what is now required. To lead in AI, Microsoft must do more than build powerful systems. It must show that the infrastructure behind them can be expanded responsibly, credibly, and without ignoring the environmental costs of growth. This paper uses a mixed-methods case study to examine sustainable AI infrastructure as a strategic growth capability. Qualitative analysis interprets Microsoft’s AI-cloud model, sustainability commitments, stakeholder pressures, and infrastructure risks. Quantitative analysis applies straight-line calculations to examine the relationship between AI-cloud growth, renewable energy procurement, and strategic alignment. The central equation is ΔG = mS + b, where ΔG represents change in strategic growth, S represents sustainable AI infrastructure capability, m represents the marginal effect of sustainability capability, and b represents baseline growth. The paper argues that sustainable AI infrastructure is no longer a public-relations layer around technology growth. It is becoming a condition of credible AI leadership. Firms that scale compute without environmental discipline may create future constraints for themselves. Firms that integrate energy, carbon, water, and stakeholder legitimacy into infrastructure strategy are better positioned to grow responsibly and durably. Keywords: artificial intelligence, cloud infrastructure, Microsoft, sustainability, strategic growth, data centers","author":[{"family":"Anyanwu","given":"Wisdom"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20433407","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20433407","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22100513","type":"article-journal","title":"Short Run Nexus between Energy Efficiency, Foreign Direct Investment and Policy Dynamics in BRICS Economies: A Panel Data Analysis","abstract":"Abstract: This study examines the distributional effects of foreign direct investment, renewable energy consumption, and macroeconomic conditions on energy intensity across BRICS economies over the period 1992 to 2024. Panel quantile regression is employed at five quantile points from Q10 through Q90, preceded by panel unit root tests to ensure estimation reliability. FDI is not found to exert a significant short run effect on energy intensity across any quantile, suggesting its efficiency benefits operate through long run structural channels. Renewable energy consumption significantly reduces energy intensity from Q25 upward, emerging as the most consistent determinant of energy efficiency improvement across the distribution. Economic growth is found to increase energy intensity across all quantiles, consistent with the early-stage Environmental Kuznets Curve prediction, while trade openness exhibits a sign reversal across the distribution. Fixed effects estimation corroborates the main findings. The study offers the first distributional account of the FDI and energy intensity nexus in BRICS, providing policy relevant insights on investment quality, renewable energy mandates, and trade policy tailored to the heterogeneous energy profiles of individual BRICS economies. Keywords: Energy Intensity, Foreign Direct Investment, Renewable Energy Consumption, BRICS Economies, Panel Quantile Regression, Energy Transition JEL Classification Number: Q43, O13, F21, C21","author":[{"family":"Sharma","given":"Divya"},{"family":"Manglani","given":"Amit"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22100513","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22100513","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22100514","type":"article-journal","title":"Short Run Nexus between Energy Efficiency, Foreign Direct Investment and Policy Dynamics in BRICS Economies: A Panel Data Analysis","abstract":"Abstract: This study examines the distributional effects of foreign direct investment, renewable energy consumption, and macroeconomic conditions on energy intensity across BRICS economies over the period 1992 to 2024. Panel quantile regression is employed at five quantile points from Q10 through Q90, preceded by panel unit root tests to ensure estimation reliability. FDI is not found to exert a significant short run effect on energy intensity across any quantile, suggesting its efficiency benefits operate through long run structural channels. Renewable energy consumption significantly reduces energy intensity from Q25 upward, emerging as the most consistent determinant of energy efficiency improvement across the distribution. Economic growth is found to increase energy intensity across all quantiles, consistent with the early-stage Environmental Kuznets Curve prediction, while trade openness exhibits a sign reversal across the distribution. Fixed effects estimation corroborates the main findings. The study offers the first distributional account of the FDI and energy intensity nexus in BRICS, providing policy relevant insights on investment quality, renewable energy mandates, and trade policy tailored to the heterogeneous energy profiles of individual BRICS economies. Keywords: Energy Intensity, Foreign Direct Investment, Renewable Energy Consumption, BRICS Economies, Panel Quantile Regression, Energy Transition JEL Classification Number: Q43, O13, F21, C21","author":[{"family":"Sharma","given":"Divya"},{"family":"Manglani","given":"Amit"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22100514","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22100514","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.1115/omae2025-154768","type":"article-journal","title":"Survey and Comparisons of Innovative Alternate Concepts for Offshore Renewable Energy","abstract":"Abstract The USA has ambitious targets for 100% carbon-pollution free electricity by 2035 and net zero carbon-dioxide emissions by 2050. To achieve these targets while minimizing additional allocations of land with other competing potential uses, it is strategically vital to increase implementation of offshore innovations in an overall renewable systems portfolio. With the USA having the World’s largest offshore Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of around 12 million square kilometers and access to the variety of strong renewable energy sources contained in the EEZ, offshore renewables can unquestionably enable achievement of the ambitious 2035 and 2050 strategic targets. Identification and accelerated development of the most promising innovations across all categories of offshore renewable energy is of great importance. This paper presents a survey of innovative alternate concepts for offshore renewable energy – spanning offshore wind; offshore solar; tidal &amp; ocean current energy; wave energy; and hybrid energy. Qualitative advantages and challenges of a wide variety of offshore renewable energy harvesting innovations are summarized. Quantitative trends are also discussed, with a focus on measures of merit such as weight per rated power, capital cost per rated power, lifecycle cost of energy (LCOE), and energy harvest potential per offshore water lease area. The findings presented here are intended to help steer researchers and industry towards Research &amp; Development (R&amp;D) and Technology Readiness Level (TRL) advancements that support the development of an optimized portfolio of offshore renewable technologies with excellent potential to very cost-effectively serve US and global energy needs. A key goal of our survey &amp; comparisons is to provide conclusions and recommendations that enable an American roadmap to a global innovation leadership position in offshore renewables technology and systems. Ensuing benefits should encompass environmental benefits, climate change mitigation benefits, land use minimization benefits, economic benefits and large-scale job creation benefits.","author":[{"family":"Sankrithi","given":"Mithra"},{"family":"Wojciechowski","given":"Asha"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1115/omae2025-154768","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2025-154768","source":"crossref"},{"id":"doi:10.1093/9780198951117.003.0007","type":"article-journal","title":"Renewable electricity and energy storage","abstract":"Abstract Electricity generated by solar PV and wind is now the cheapest in many parts of the world. Its distribution by an electricity grid either as high-voltage DC or AC is explained. How the design of grids and power generation is changing, as the variable generation from solar PV and wind increases significantly is described. The importance of batteries and flexible power plants, and how 100 per cent renewable grids can supply electricity reliably, is discussed. Over-capacity, energy storage, distributed generation, interconnectors, and demand response can all help matching supply and demand. Why the cost of electricity is determined by the cost of reserve fossil-fuel generators in many electricity markets, and how markets could be adapted to better reflect the low cost of solar PV and wind power, is explained. The progress on lithium- and sodium-ion batteries, and their fast drop in price, is described. Developments on flow, nickel-hydrogen, and metal-air batteries for long duration storage are outlined, as is the potential for off-river pumped hydropower. Compressed air storage (CAES) is discussed, as is very long-duration energy storage, which could be provided by storing green hydrogen.","author":[{"family":"Jelley","given":"Nick"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1093/9780198951117.003.0007","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1093/9780198951117.003.0007","source":"crossref"},{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.dib.2026.113028","type":"article-journal","title":"Data from a cross-sectional KAP survey on climate change, energy efficiency, and conservation in Tanzania (N = 314; July-August 2025).","abstract":"This article describes a de-identified dataset from a cross-sectional Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) survey conducted in Tanzania between 12 July 2025 and 05 August 2025. The survey addressed climate change adaptation, energy efficiency, and energy-saving behaviours among adult residents. Responses were collected from 314 consenting adults through mixed-mode administration (204 online, 110 face-to-face interviews). The dataset captures sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge items on energy sources and renewable technologies, attitude measures on five-point rating scales, and self-reported behavioural practices related to lighting and appliance use. Data collection procedures included a consent gate, skip/relevance logic, and validation constraints. The release comprises a raw data file (semicolon-delimited CSV; 315 rows and 76 columns), a comprehensive codebook (PDF), and the validated questionnaire instruments in English and Swahili (PDF). Raw data and codebook are openly available in Mendeley Data under the CC BY 4.0 licence. These data may support policy baseline assessments, instructional applications, and comparative analyses of energy literacy and climate-related behaviours in low - and middle-income settings. The non-probability sampling approach warrants caution when generalising beyond the study population.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1016/j.dib.2026.113028","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2026.113028","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11356-025-37299-y","type":"article-journal","title":"Advances in sustainable technologies for industry and environment for a greener future.","abstract":"Accelerating climate change and resource degradation demand technological pathways that simultaneously reduce emissions, enhance efficiency, and build resilience. This review systematically synthesizes recent peer-reviewed advances in sustainable and green technologies across five domains: energy, materials and construction, water and waste management, manufacturing, and nature-based urban systems. Literature published between 2014 and early 2025 was retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, and Elsevier databases using domain-specific search strings covering renewable energy, low-carbon materials, circular economy, smart manufacturing, and urban sustainability. Studies were included if they presented validated models, life-cycle assessments, or technologies with a technology-readiness level&#x2009;&#x2265;&#x2009;4. Findings reveal rapid progress in multiple sectors: photovoltaic and hybrid microgrids delivering community-level cost and equity gains (NPV &#x20ac;2042-8195&#xa0;kW&#x207b; 1 ), recycled ceramic and foam-glass aggregates reducing embodied carbon without compromising strength, microalgae wastewater systems removing over 90% of nutrients while generating biomass, digital twins and green IoT reducing industrial downtime by&#x2009;~&#x2009;30%, and sponge-city measures increasing floodwater retention by&#x2009;~&#x2009;70%. A cross-sector synthesis identifies enabling mechanisms-policy instruments (PPAs, subsidies, carbon pricing), financial incentives, and digital MRV systems-that lower transaction costs and support large-scale adoption. Technologies are further classified by deployment horizons as fast wins (&#x2264;&#x2009;2030), no-regrets (to 2040), and long-lead transformations (to 2050). Overall, despite strong technical maturity, diffusion remains constrained by misaligned governance, investment, and circular-resource frameworks. The review proposes an integrative framework linking technology, policy, and finance to accelerate sustainable industrial and urban transitions.","author":[{"family":"Js","given":"Chatha"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1007/s11356-025-37299-y","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-37299-y","source":"pubmed"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19593497","type":"article-journal","title":"The Economic and Civilizational Valuation of Cryptographically Tethered Audio Portfolios within the CollectiveOS Architecture","abstract":"The Economic and Civilizational Valuation of Cryptographically Tethered Audio Portfolios within the CollectiveOS Architecture The valuation of digital audio assets has historically been bound to the mechanics of the \"Extractive Age,\" a paradigm that relies on fractional micro-transactions from centralized streaming monopolies, speculative intellectual property acquisitions, and ephemeral viral marketing. Under these traditional models, the worth of a music portfolio is determined by its ability to generate high-volume, low-yield consumption across highly intermediated digital platforms. However, the integration of a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) directly linking a music portfolio’s metadata to the foundational literature of the CollectiveOS \"Anti-Scarcity Stack\"—specifically the Metabolic Age Economic Architecture document—fundamentally alters the ontological, legal, and economic status of the creative work.1 By tethering an audio portfolio to this exhaustive framework, the collection transitions from an entertainment commodity into an authenticated piece of \"Memetic Infrastructure\".2 This extensive analysis evaluates the intrinsic, structural, and commercial worth of a song portfolio operating under this exact, highly specialized paradigm. Through a forensic examination of the CollectiveOS hardware blueprints, artificial intelligence governance protocols, macroeconomic valuations, and the stringent Metabolic Age Cultural Architecture License v1.0, this report establishes that embedding DOIs to these foundational documents redefines the portfolio's total addressable worth. It ceases to be a consumer product and becomes the highly protected, pedagogically indispensable cultural operating system for a global infrastructure transition valued at a theoretical ceiling of $1.5 trillion to $2.5 trillion.1 Conceptually, the DOI embedded in the audio metadata functions as a vertical cryptographic tether. It anchors the user-facing \"Memetic Layer\"—the audio portfolio itself—down through a registry layer of Zenodo hashes and Collective Public Registry (CPR) locks. This mechanism plugs the audio directly into the massive, multi-tiered technological foundation of the Anti-Scarcity Stack. This effectively transfers the macroeconomic weight of the physical, energy, and cognitive layers of the civilization-scale architecture directly to the cultural asset, ensuring that the music's historical and economic relevance scales proportionally with the deployment of the hardware it describes. 1. The Macro-Economic Substrate: The Anti-Scarcity Stack To comprehend the worth of a music portfolio linked to the CollectiveOS initiative, one must first engage in a rigorous examination of the macroeconomic architecture the music serves to articulate. The Metabolic Age Economic Architecture represents a structural departure from the \"Trillionaire Trajectory.\" This prevailing trajectory operates on the economic theory that future infrastructure, general artificial intelligence, and advanced physical resources will inevitably be monopolized by a consortium of ultra-high-net-worth individuals utilizing proprietary, closed-loop systems designed to extract maximum rent from the global populace.1 The CollectiveOS ecosystem proposes a fundamental inversion of this logic through the deployment of an interoperable, multi-layered operating system for post-scarcity infrastructure that functions on principles of metabolic engineering.1 1.1 The Extractive vs. Metabolic Paradigm The global economy currently operates under an extractive paradigm characterized by systemic fragility, energy-intensive centralized telecommunications, and non-regenerative resource consumption. Energy is generated in massive thermal plants and transmitted over thousands of miles of fragile grid infrastructure; water is pumped through leaking piping networks; food is grown in industrial monocultures dependent on petrochemical fertilizers; and computational intelligence is concentrated in hypers","author":[{"family":"Brewer","given":"Mark"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19593497","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19593497","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19593498","type":"article-journal","title":"The Economic and Civilizational Valuation of Cryptographically Tethered Audio Portfolios within the CollectiveOS Architecture","abstract":"The Economic and Civilizational Valuation of Cryptographically Tethered Audio Portfolios within the CollectiveOS Architecture The valuation of digital audio assets has historically been bound to the mechanics of the \"Extractive Age,\" a paradigm that relies on fractional micro-transactions from centralized streaming monopolies, speculative intellectual property acquisitions, and ephemeral viral marketing. Under these traditional models, the worth of a music portfolio is determined by its ability to generate high-volume, low-yield consumption across highly intermediated digital platforms. However, the integration of a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) directly linking a music portfolio’s metadata to the foundational literature of the CollectiveOS \"Anti-Scarcity Stack\"—specifically the Metabolic Age Economic Architecture document—fundamentally alters the ontological, legal, and economic status of the creative work.1 By tethering an audio portfolio to this exhaustive framework, the collection transitions from an entertainment commodity into an authenticated piece of \"Memetic Infrastructure\".2 This extensive analysis evaluates the intrinsic, structural, and commercial worth of a song portfolio operating under this exact, highly specialized paradigm. Through a forensic examination of the CollectiveOS hardware blueprints, artificial intelligence governance protocols, macroeconomic valuations, and the stringent Metabolic Age Cultural Architecture License v1.0, this report establishes that embedding DOIs to these foundational documents redefines the portfolio's total addressable worth. It ceases to be a consumer product and becomes the highly protected, pedagogically indispensable cultural operating system for a global infrastructure transition valued at a theoretical ceiling of $1.5 trillion to $2.5 trillion.1 Conceptually, the DOI embedded in the audio metadata functions as a vertical cryptographic tether. It anchors the user-facing \"Memetic Layer\"—the audio portfolio itself—down through a registry layer of Zenodo hashes and Collective Public Registry (CPR) locks. This mechanism plugs the audio directly into the massive, multi-tiered technological foundation of the Anti-Scarcity Stack. This effectively transfers the macroeconomic weight of the physical, energy, and cognitive layers of the civilization-scale architecture directly to the cultural asset, ensuring that the music's historical and economic relevance scales proportionally with the deployment of the hardware it describes. 1. The Macro-Economic Substrate: The Anti-Scarcity Stack To comprehend the worth of a music portfolio linked to the CollectiveOS initiative, one must first engage in a rigorous examination of the macroeconomic architecture the music serves to articulate. The Metabolic Age Economic Architecture represents a structural departure from the \"Trillionaire Trajectory.\" This prevailing trajectory operates on the economic theory that future infrastructure, general artificial intelligence, and advanced physical resources will inevitably be monopolized by a consortium of ultra-high-net-worth individuals utilizing proprietary, closed-loop systems designed to extract maximum rent from the global populace.1 The CollectiveOS ecosystem proposes a fundamental inversion of this logic through the deployment of an interoperable, multi-layered operating system for post-scarcity infrastructure that functions on principles of metabolic engineering.1 1.1 The Extractive vs. Metabolic Paradigm The global economy currently operates under an extractive paradigm characterized by systemic fragility, energy-intensive centralized telecommunications, and non-regenerative resource consumption. Energy is generated in massive thermal plants and transmitted over thousands of miles of fragile grid infrastructure; water is pumped through leaking piping networks; food is grown in industrial monocultures dependent on petrochemical fertilizers; and computational intelligence is concentrated in hypers","author":[{"family":"Brewer","given":"Mark"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19593498","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19593498","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19606172","type":"article-journal","title":"BARRIERS AND MOTIVATIONS IN THE UTILIZATION OF SOLAR POWER IN GREATER MUMBAI","abstract":"AbstractAs per an article by The Indian Express,2023 and data from the India Climate & Energy Dashboard (NITI Aayog, 2025), in a more applied scenario, it has been estimated that rooftop installations (residential and other buildings) in Mumbai could generate up to 1,724 MWp, sufficient to meet about half of the city's peak electricity demand. However, this is not the case. Even though there is huge potential and huge demand for solar power in the continuously growing city, the installation and generation of solar power is very limited. Against this backdrop, this study aims to understand the barriers to solar energy adoption in Greater Mumbai, a densely populated metropolitan region with high energy demand but limited physical space for renewable infrastructure and to identify the economic, social, and technical constraints that hinder the integration of solar technologies in urban environments. The methodology follows a mixed-methods approach, combining primary data collected through structured surveys with secondary data from existing literature, and applying statistical techniques to analyse public awareness levels and institutional challenges. The findings from the primary study reveal that although general awareness of solar energy is relatively high (72.7%; Primary Survey, 2025), knowledge of government schemes and incentives remains low (43.6%; Primary Survey, 2025). Economic concerns—particularly high installation costs (49.1%; Primary Survey, 2025) and perceived maintenance burdens (50.9%; Primary Survey, 2025)—emerge as major obstacles. Additional challenges include inadequate coordination among municipal authorities, complex regulatory processes, and a shortage of trained technical personnel. Despite these constraints, over half of respondents (58.2%; Primary Survey, 2025) express a willingness to adopt solar systems in the future. The conclusion highlights that improving institutional efficiency, enhancing public awareness, and expanding financial accessibility are crucial to advancing solar energy uptake in Mumbai. The recommendations include streamlining approval procedures, strengthening public–private partnerships, and developing more attractive subsidy and incentive mechanisms to accelerate the city’s transition toward cleaner and more sustainable energy solutions.Keywords: Solar Power, Electricity Generation, Urban Challenges, Barriers, High Energy Demand.","author":[{"family":"Panigrahi","given":"Ms"},{"family":"Bhattacharjee","given":"Dr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19606172","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19606172","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19606173","type":"article-journal","title":"BARRIERS AND MOTIVATIONS IN THE UTILIZATION OF SOLAR POWER IN GREATER MUMBAI","abstract":"AbstractAs per an article by The Indian Express,2023 and data from the India Climate & Energy Dashboard (NITI Aayog, 2025), in a more applied scenario, it has been estimated that rooftop installations (residential and other buildings) in Mumbai could generate up to 1,724 MWp, sufficient to meet about half of the city's peak electricity demand. However, this is not the case. Even though there is huge potential and huge demand for solar power in the continuously growing city, the installation and generation of solar power is very limited. Against this backdrop, this study aims to understand the barriers to solar energy adoption in Greater Mumbai, a densely populated metropolitan region with high energy demand but limited physical space for renewable infrastructure and to identify the economic, social, and technical constraints that hinder the integration of solar technologies in urban environments. The methodology follows a mixed-methods approach, combining primary data collected through structured surveys with secondary data from existing literature, and applying statistical techniques to analyse public awareness levels and institutional challenges. The findings from the primary study reveal that although general awareness of solar energy is relatively high (72.7%; Primary Survey, 2025), knowledge of government schemes and incentives remains low (43.6%; Primary Survey, 2025). Economic concerns—particularly high installation costs (49.1%; Primary Survey, 2025) and perceived maintenance burdens (50.9%; Primary Survey, 2025)—emerge as major obstacles. Additional challenges include inadequate coordination among municipal authorities, complex regulatory processes, and a shortage of trained technical personnel. Despite these constraints, over half of respondents (58.2%; Primary Survey, 2025) express a willingness to adopt solar systems in the future. The conclusion highlights that improving institutional efficiency, enhancing public awareness, and expanding financial accessibility are crucial to advancing solar energy uptake in Mumbai. The recommendations include streamlining approval procedures, strengthening public–private partnerships, and developing more attractive subsidy and incentive mechanisms to accelerate the city’s transition toward cleaner and more sustainable energy solutions.Keywords: Solar Power, Electricity Generation, Urban Challenges, Barriers, High Energy Demand.","author":[{"family":"Panigrahi","given":"Ms"},{"family":"Bhattacharjee","given":"Dr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19606173","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19606173","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21505161","type":"article-journal","title":"The Secondary Signature of Immune System  - [ Molecular Blueprint] -The Architecture of Secondary Stage - Sam Coole 2026 ©️","abstract":"Molecular Blueprint The Secondary Signature of the Immune System Framework / The Architecture of Secondary Stage Anti-Cooling-Coding-Maintenance (ACCM) Author: Sam Coole‌ Foreword This work is not a minor revision to existing immunology—it is a paradigm reset. For decades, the field of virology and immunology has operated under a foundational logical inversion: it attributes agency, intention, and active control to inanimate viral particles, while framing the human host as a passive, vulnerable \"victim\" of invasion. This narrative violates the most basic established definitions of virology: viruses are entirely passive entities, devoid of independent metabolism, no capacity to generate their own ATP, no ability to synthesize glucose or structural materials, and zero intentionality of any kind. The Secondary Signature of the Immune System framework, anchored to the Anti-Cooling-Coding-Maintenance (ACCM) architecture, dismantles this long-standing fallacy. Every observed phenomenon previously labeled \"viral infection,\" \"viral hijacking,\" \"latent reservoir,\" or \"viral reactivation\" is redefined here as a traceable, host-authored operational step. These are not the footprints of a pathogen invading a helpless system—they are the Secondary Signature: the deliberate, layered output of the human immune system executing a sophisticated, evolutionarily refined defense protocol. This long-form pre-book manuscript compiles every core argument, mechanistic derivation, and paradigm shift developed across our full collaborative research corpus, with no compression, no oversimplification, and no compromise to the absolute sovereignty of the host genome. Chapter 1: The Foundational Logical Fallacy of Modern Virology 1.1 The Unspoken Contradiction at the Heart of the Field Modern immunology operates with a glaring double standard that has remained unchallenged for generations. When a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) releases perforin and granzymes to eliminate a cancer cell, the entire scientific community unreservedly attributes 100% of that action to the host. No paper describes this event as \"the cancer cell being hijacked by the granzyme to induce its own death.\" The agency is universally, correctly assigned to the host immune cell. Yet the moment a viral particle makes contact with a CD4+ T cell, this standard collapses entirely. The field immediately reverses the authorship: it claims the inanimate, metabolically inert virus \"hijacks\" the cell, \"takes over\" its entire machinery, and becomes the active protagonist of every subsequent molecular event. This is not a minor interpretive difference—it is a fundamental violation of the most basic established definitions of virology. The international consensus definition of a virus explicitly states that these entities are fully passive. They possess no independent motility, no metabolic pathways to generate energy, no ribosomes to synthesize proteins, and no neural or molecular system to encode intentionality. It is physically inconceivable for such an entity to \"seize control\" of a living human cell, a system that independently produces all its own ATP, synthesizes all its own structural components, and operates under layers of tightly regulated biochemical checkpoints. The idea that an inert particle could override this entire architecture is not just unproven—it is logically incoherent. 1.2 The Language That Creates a False Narrative The term \"host\" itself has been linguistically corrupted to imply \"victim.\" This is a deliberate, unexamined framing that distorts every subsequent analysis. By labeling the human body a \"host\" in the context of viral disease, the field pre-emptively surrenders all agency to the pathogen, before a single mechanistic step is even observed. This linguistic fallacy ripples through every corner of the research ecosystem. When scientists describe \"viral entry,\" \"viral replication,\" or \"viral latency,\" they are not describing actions performed by the virus—they are descr","author":[{"family":"Coole","given":"Sam"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21505161","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21505161","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21505162","type":"article-journal","title":"The Secondary Signature of Immune System  - [ Molecular Blueprint] -The Architecture of Secondary Stage - Sam Coole 2026 ©️","abstract":"Molecular Blueprint The Secondary Signature of the Immune System Framework / The Architecture of Secondary Stage Anti-Cooling-Coding-Maintenance (ACCM) Author: Sam Coole‌ Foreword This work is not a minor revision to existing immunology—it is a paradigm reset. For decades, the field of virology and immunology has operated under a foundational logical inversion: it attributes agency, intention, and active control to inanimate viral particles, while framing the human host as a passive, vulnerable \"victim\" of invasion. This narrative violates the most basic established definitions of virology: viruses are entirely passive entities, devoid of independent metabolism, no capacity to generate their own ATP, no ability to synthesize glucose or structural materials, and zero intentionality of any kind. The Secondary Signature of the Immune System framework, anchored to the Anti-Cooling-Coding-Maintenance (ACCM) architecture, dismantles this long-standing fallacy. Every observed phenomenon previously labeled \"viral infection,\" \"viral hijacking,\" \"latent reservoir,\" or \"viral reactivation\" is redefined here as a traceable, host-authored operational step. These are not the footprints of a pathogen invading a helpless system—they are the Secondary Signature: the deliberate, layered output of the human immune system executing a sophisticated, evolutionarily refined defense protocol. This long-form pre-book manuscript compiles every core argument, mechanistic derivation, and paradigm shift developed across our full collaborative research corpus, with no compression, no oversimplification, and no compromise to the absolute sovereignty of the host genome. Chapter 1: The Foundational Logical Fallacy of Modern Virology 1.1 The Unspoken Contradiction at the Heart of the Field Modern immunology operates with a glaring double standard that has remained unchallenged for generations. When a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) releases perforin and granzymes to eliminate a cancer cell, the entire scientific community unreservedly attributes 100% of that action to the host. No paper describes this event as \"the cancer cell being hijacked by the granzyme to induce its own death.\" The agency is universally, correctly assigned to the host immune cell. Yet the moment a viral particle makes contact with a CD4+ T cell, this standard collapses entirely. The field immediately reverses the authorship: it claims the inanimate, metabolically inert virus \"hijacks\" the cell, \"takes over\" its entire machinery, and becomes the active protagonist of every subsequent molecular event. This is not a minor interpretive difference—it is a fundamental violation of the most basic established definitions of virology. The international consensus definition of a virus explicitly states that these entities are fully passive. They possess no independent motility, no metabolic pathways to generate energy, no ribosomes to synthesize proteins, and no neural or molecular system to encode intentionality. It is physically inconceivable for such an entity to \"seize control\" of a living human cell, a system that independently produces all its own ATP, synthesizes all its own structural components, and operates under layers of tightly regulated biochemical checkpoints. The idea that an inert particle could override this entire architecture is not just unproven—it is logically incoherent. 1.2 The Language That Creates a False Narrative The term \"host\" itself has been linguistically corrupted to imply \"victim.\" This is a deliberate, unexamined framing that distorts every subsequent analysis. By labeling the human body a \"host\" in the context of viral disease, the field pre-emptively surrenders all agency to the pathogen, before a single mechanistic step is even observed. This linguistic fallacy ripples through every corner of the research ecosystem. When scientists describe \"viral entry,\" \"viral replication,\" or \"viral latency,\" they are not describing actions performed by the virus—they are descr","author":[{"family":"Coole","given":"Sam"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21505162","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21505162","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21505278","type":"article-journal","title":"The Secondary Signature of Immune System  - The Architecture of Secondary Stage - Sam Coole 2026 ©️","abstract":"The Secondary Signature of the Immune System Framework / The Architecture of Secondary Stage Anti-Cooling-Coding-Maintenance (ACCM) Author: Sam Coole‌ Foreword This work is not a minor revision to existing immunology—it is a paradigm reset. For decades, the field of virology and immunology has operated under a foundational logical inversion: it attributes agency, intention, and active control to inanimate viral particles, while framing the human host as a passive, vulnerable \"victim\" of invasion. This narrative violates the most basic established definitions of virology: viruses are entirely passive entities, devoid of independent metabolism, no capacity to generate their own ATP, no ability to synthesize glucose or structural materials, and zero intentionality of any kind. The Secondary Signature of the Immune System framework, anchored to the Anti-Cooling-Coding-Maintenance (ACCM) architecture, dismantles this long-standing fallacy. Every observed phenomenon previously labeled \"viral infection,\" \"viral hijacking,\" \"latent reservoir,\" or \"viral reactivation\" is redefined here as a traceable, host-authored operational step. These are not the footprints of a pathogen invading a helpless system—they are the Secondary Signature: the deliberate, layered output of the human immune system executing a sophisticated, evolutionarily refined defense protocol. This long-form pre-book manuscript compiles every core argument, mechanistic derivation, and paradigm shift developed across our full collaborative research corpus, with no compression, no oversimplification, and no compromise to the absolute sovereignty of the host genome. Chapter 1: The Foundational Logical Fallacy of Modern Virology 1.1 The Unspoken Contradiction at the Heart of the Field Modern immunology operates with a glaring double standard that has remained unchallenged for generations. When a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) releases perforin and granzymes to eliminate a cancer cell, the entire scientific community unreservedly attributes 100% of that action to the host. No paper describes this event as \"the cancer cell being hijacked by the granzyme to induce its own death.\" The agency is universally, correctly assigned to the host immune cell. Yet the moment a viral particle makes contact with a CD4+ T cell, this standard collapses entirely. The field immediately reverses the authorship: it claims the inanimate, metabolically inert virus \"hijacks\" the cell, \"takes over\" its entire machinery, and becomes the active protagonist of every subsequent molecular event. This is not a minor interpretive difference—it is a fundamental violation of the most basic established definitions of virology. The international consensus definition of a virus explicitly states that these entities are fully passive. They possess no independent motility, no metabolic pathways to generate energy, no ribosomes to synthesize proteins, and no neural or molecular system to encode intentionality. It is physically inconceivable for such an entity to \"seize control\" of a living human cell, a system that independently produces all its own ATP, synthesizes all its own structural components, and operates under layers of tightly regulated biochemical checkpoints. The idea that an inert particle could override this entire architecture is not just unproven—it is logically incoherent. 1.2 The Language That Creates a False Narrative The term \"host\" itself has been linguistically corrupted to imply \"victim.\" This is a deliberate, unexamined framing that distorts every subsequent analysis. By labeling the human body a \"host\" in the context of viral disease, the field pre-emptively surrenders all agency to the pathogen, before a single mechanistic step is even observed. This linguistic fallacy ripples through every corner of the research ecosystem. When scientists describe \"viral entry,\" \"viral replication,\" or \"viral latency,\" they are not describing actions performed by the virus—they are describing host processes","author":[{"family":"Coole","given":"Sam"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21505278","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21505278","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21505279","type":"article-journal","title":"The Secondary Signature of Immune System  - The Architecture of Secondary Stage - Sam Coole 2026 ©️","abstract":"The Secondary Signature of the Immune System Framework / The Architecture of Secondary Stage Anti-Cooling-Coding-Maintenance (ACCM) Author: Sam Coole‌ Foreword This work is not a minor revision to existing immunology—it is a paradigm reset. For decades, the field of virology and immunology has operated under a foundational logical inversion: it attributes agency, intention, and active control to inanimate viral particles, while framing the human host as a passive, vulnerable \"victim\" of invasion. This narrative violates the most basic established definitions of virology: viruses are entirely passive entities, devoid of independent metabolism, no capacity to generate their own ATP, no ability to synthesize glucose or structural materials, and zero intentionality of any kind. The Secondary Signature of the Immune System framework, anchored to the Anti-Cooling-Coding-Maintenance (ACCM) architecture, dismantles this long-standing fallacy. Every observed phenomenon previously labeled \"viral infection,\" \"viral hijacking,\" \"latent reservoir,\" or \"viral reactivation\" is redefined here as a traceable, host-authored operational step. These are not the footprints of a pathogen invading a helpless system—they are the Secondary Signature: the deliberate, layered output of the human immune system executing a sophisticated, evolutionarily refined defense protocol. This long-form pre-book manuscript compiles every core argument, mechanistic derivation, and paradigm shift developed across our full collaborative research corpus, with no compression, no oversimplification, and no compromise to the absolute sovereignty of the host genome. Chapter 1: The Foundational Logical Fallacy of Modern Virology 1.1 The Unspoken Contradiction at the Heart of the Field Modern immunology operates with a glaring double standard that has remained unchallenged for generations. When a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) releases perforin and granzymes to eliminate a cancer cell, the entire scientific community unreservedly attributes 100% of that action to the host. No paper describes this event as \"the cancer cell being hijacked by the granzyme to induce its own death.\" The agency is universally, correctly assigned to the host immune cell. Yet the moment a viral particle makes contact with a CD4+ T cell, this standard collapses entirely. The field immediately reverses the authorship: it claims the inanimate, metabolically inert virus \"hijacks\" the cell, \"takes over\" its entire machinery, and becomes the active protagonist of every subsequent molecular event. This is not a minor interpretive difference—it is a fundamental violation of the most basic established definitions of virology. The international consensus definition of a virus explicitly states that these entities are fully passive. They possess no independent motility, no metabolic pathways to generate energy, no ribosomes to synthesize proteins, and no neural or molecular system to encode intentionality. It is physically inconceivable for such an entity to \"seize control\" of a living human cell, a system that independently produces all its own ATP, synthesizes all its own structural components, and operates under layers of tightly regulated biochemical checkpoints. The idea that an inert particle could override this entire architecture is not just unproven—it is logically incoherent. 1.2 The Language That Creates a False Narrative The term \"host\" itself has been linguistically corrupted to imply \"victim.\" This is a deliberate, unexamined framing that distorts every subsequent analysis. By labeling the human body a \"host\" in the context of viral disease, the field pre-emptively surrenders all agency to the pathogen, before a single mechanistic step is even observed. This linguistic fallacy ripples through every corner of the research ecosystem. When scientists describe \"viral entry,\" \"viral replication,\" or \"viral latency,\" they are not describing actions performed by the virus—they are describing host processes","author":[{"family":"Coole","given":"Sam"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21505279","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21505279","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21505200","type":"article-journal","title":"The Secondary Signature of Immune System  - The Architecture of Secondary Stage - Sam Coole 2026 ©️","abstract":"The Secondary Signature of the Immune System Framework / The Architecture of Secondary Stage Anti-Cooling-Coding-Maintenance (ACCM) Author: Sam Coole‌ Foreword This work is not a minor revision to existing immunology—it is a paradigm reset. For decades, the field of virology and immunology has operated under a foundational logical inversion: it attributes agency, intention, and active control to inanimate viral particles, while framing the human host as a passive, vulnerable \"victim\" of invasion. This narrative violates the most basic established definitions of virology: viruses are entirely passive entities, devoid of independent metabolism, no capacity to generate their own ATP, no ability to synthesize glucose or structural materials, and zero intentionality of any kind. The Secondary Signature of the Immune System framework, anchored to the Anti-Cooling-Coding-Maintenance (ACCM) architecture, dismantles this long-standing fallacy. Every observed phenomenon previously labeled \"viral infection,\" \"viral hijacking,\" \"latent reservoir,\" or \"viral reactivation\" is redefined here as a traceable, host-authored operational step. These are not the footprints of a pathogen invading a helpless system—they are the Secondary Signature: the deliberate, layered output of the human immune system executing a sophisticated, evolutionarily refined defense protocol. This long-form pre-book manuscript compiles every core argument, mechanistic derivation, and paradigm shift developed across our full collaborative research corpus, with no compression, no oversimplification, and no compromise to the absolute sovereignty of the host genome. Chapter 1: The Foundational Logical Fallacy of Modern Virology 1.1 The Unspoken Contradiction at the Heart of the Field Modern immunology operates with a glaring double standard that has remained unchallenged for generations. When a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) releases perforin and granzymes to eliminate a cancer cell, the entire scientific community unreservedly attributes 100% of that action to the host. No paper describes this event as \"the cancer cell being hijacked by the granzyme to induce its own death.\" The agency is universally, correctly assigned to the host immune cell. Yet the moment a viral particle makes contact with a CD4+ T cell, this standard collapses entirely. The field immediately reverses the authorship: it claims the inanimate, metabolically inert virus \"hijacks\" the cell, \"takes over\" its entire machinery, and becomes the active protagonist of every subsequent molecular event. This is not a minor interpretive difference—it is a fundamental violation of the most basic established definitions of virology. The international consensus definition of a virus explicitly states that these entities are fully passive. They possess no independent motility, no metabolic pathways to generate energy, no ribosomes to synthesize proteins, and no neural or molecular system to encode intentionality. It is physically inconceivable for such an entity to \"seize control\" of a living human cell, a system that independently produces all its own ATP, synthesizes all its own structural components, and operates under layers of tightly regulated biochemical checkpoints. The idea that an inert particle could override this entire architecture is not just unproven—it is logically incoherent. 1.2 The Language That Creates a False Narrative The term \"host\" itself has been linguistically corrupted to imply \"victim.\" This is a deliberate, unexamined framing that distorts every subsequent analysis. By labeling the human body a \"host\" in the context of viral disease, the field pre-emptively surrenders all agency to the pathogen, before a single mechanistic step is even observed. This linguistic fallacy ripples through every corner of the research ecosystem. When scientists describe \"viral entry,\" \"viral replication,\" or \"viral latency,\" they are not describing actions performed by the virus—they are describing host processes","author":[{"family":"Coole","given":"Sam"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21505200","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21505200","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21505201","type":"article-journal","title":"The Secondary Signature of Immune System  - The Architecture of Secondary Stage - Sam Coole 2026 ©️","abstract":"The Secondary Signature of the Immune System Framework / The Architecture of Secondary Stage Anti-Cooling-Coding-Maintenance (ACCM) Author: Sam Coole‌ Foreword This work is not a minor revision to existing immunology—it is a paradigm reset. For decades, the field of virology and immunology has operated under a foundational logical inversion: it attributes agency, intention, and active control to inanimate viral particles, while framing the human host as a passive, vulnerable \"victim\" of invasion. This narrative violates the most basic established definitions of virology: viruses are entirely passive entities, devoid of independent metabolism, no capacity to generate their own ATP, no ability to synthesize glucose or structural materials, and zero intentionality of any kind. The Secondary Signature of the Immune System framework, anchored to the Anti-Cooling-Coding-Maintenance (ACCM) architecture, dismantles this long-standing fallacy. Every observed phenomenon previously labeled \"viral infection,\" \"viral hijacking,\" \"latent reservoir,\" or \"viral reactivation\" is redefined here as a traceable, host-authored operational step. These are not the footprints of a pathogen invading a helpless system—they are the Secondary Signature: the deliberate, layered output of the human immune system executing a sophisticated, evolutionarily refined defense protocol. This long-form pre-book manuscript compiles every core argument, mechanistic derivation, and paradigm shift developed across our full collaborative research corpus, with no compression, no oversimplification, and no compromise to the absolute sovereignty of the host genome. Chapter 1: The Foundational Logical Fallacy of Modern Virology 1.1 The Unspoken Contradiction at the Heart of the Field Modern immunology operates with a glaring double standard that has remained unchallenged for generations. When a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) releases perforin and granzymes to eliminate a cancer cell, the entire scientific community unreservedly attributes 100% of that action to the host. No paper describes this event as \"the cancer cell being hijacked by the granzyme to induce its own death.\" The agency is universally, correctly assigned to the host immune cell. Yet the moment a viral particle makes contact with a CD4+ T cell, this standard collapses entirely. The field immediately reverses the authorship: it claims the inanimate, metabolically inert virus \"hijacks\" the cell, \"takes over\" its entire machinery, and becomes the active protagonist of every subsequent molecular event. This is not a minor interpretive difference—it is a fundamental violation of the most basic established definitions of virology. The international consensus definition of a virus explicitly states that these entities are fully passive. They possess no independent motility, no metabolic pathways to generate energy, no ribosomes to synthesize proteins, and no neural or molecular system to encode intentionality. It is physically inconceivable for such an entity to \"seize control\" of a living human cell, a system that independently produces all its own ATP, synthesizes all its own structural components, and operates under layers of tightly regulated biochemical checkpoints. The idea that an inert particle could override this entire architecture is not just unproven—it is logically incoherent. 1.2 The Language That Creates a False Narrative The term \"host\" itself has been linguistically corrupted to imply \"victim.\" This is a deliberate, unexamined framing that distorts every subsequent analysis. By labeling the human body a \"host\" in the context of viral disease, the field pre-emptively surrenders all agency to the pathogen, before a single mechanistic step is even observed. This linguistic fallacy ripples through every corner of the research ecosystem. When scientists describe \"viral entry,\" \"viral replication,\" or \"viral latency,\" they are not describing actions performed by the virus—they are describing host processes","author":[{"family":"Coole","given":"Sam"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21505201","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21505201","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21184693","type":"article-journal","title":"Hydropower,Geothermal Energy, and Alternative Renewable Resources: Technologies, Sustainability, and Future Energy Perspectives","abstract":"The growing global energy demand, rapid industrialization, climate change, and depletion of fossil fuel reserves have significantly accelerated the transition toward sustainable and renewable energy technologies. Renewable energy resources play a crucial role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, enhancing energy security,and supporting long-term environmental sustainability. Among various renewable energy technologies, hydropower and geothermal energy remain highly reliable and commercially mature energy systems due to their continuous power generation capability, operational stability, and low carbon emissions. In addition, alternative renewable resources such as biomass energy, tidal energy, wave energy, hydrogen energy, and waste-to-energy systems are increasingly attracting scientific and industrial attention for future sustainable energy development. Hydropower systems utilize the kinetic and potential energy of flowing water for electricity generation and currently contribute substantially to global renewable electricity production (IEA et al., 2023). Geothermal energy technologies exploit thermal energy stored within the Earth’s crust for electricity generation and direct heating applications, offering stable baseload power with minimal environmental impact (Lund et al., 2021). Emerging renewable resources including ocean energy systems, bioenergy technologies, and hybrid renewable energy systems provide additional opportunities for decentralized power generation and carbon-neutral energy infrastructures. Recent advancements in nanotechnology, smart grid systems, advanced materials, and artificial intelligence have significantly improved the efficiency, reliability, and economic feasibility of renewable energy systems (Kumar et al., 2025). However, challenges related to resource availability, infrastructure development, environmental impact, intermittency, and energy storage integration continue to affect the large-scale implementation of renewable technologies. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of hydropower systems, geothermal energy technologies, and alternative renewable energy resources with emphasis on their working principles, classifications, technological developments, applications, environmental impacts, challenges, and future prospects. Comparative analyses of different renewable energy resources are also discussed to evaluate their role in achieving sustainable energy transitions and global carbon neutrality goals. The chapter serves as an important scientific resource for researchers, engineers, academicians, policymakers, and graduate studentsworking in renewable energy and sustainable technology fields.","author":[{"family":"Renold","given":"SUAG"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21184693","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21184693","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21184694","type":"article-journal","title":"Hydropower,Geothermal Energy, and Alternative Renewable Resources: Technologies, Sustainability, and Future Energy Perspectives","abstract":"The growing global energy demand, rapid industrialization, climate change, and depletion of fossil fuel reserves have significantly accelerated the transition toward sustainable and renewable energy technologies. Renewable energy resources play a crucial role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, enhancing energy security,and supporting long-term environmental sustainability. Among various renewable energy technologies, hydropower and geothermal energy remain highly reliable and commercially mature energy systems due to their continuous power generation capability, operational stability, and low carbon emissions. In addition, alternative renewable resources such as biomass energy, tidal energy, wave energy, hydrogen energy, and waste-to-energy systems are increasingly attracting scientific and industrial attention for future sustainable energy development. Hydropower systems utilize the kinetic and potential energy of flowing water for electricity generation and currently contribute substantially to global renewable electricity production (IEA et al., 2023). Geothermal energy technologies exploit thermal energy stored within the Earth’s crust for electricity generation and direct heating applications, offering stable baseload power with minimal environmental impact (Lund et al., 2021). Emerging renewable resources including ocean energy systems, bioenergy technologies, and hybrid renewable energy systems provide additional opportunities for decentralized power generation and carbon-neutral energy infrastructures. Recent advancements in nanotechnology, smart grid systems, advanced materials, and artificial intelligence have significantly improved the efficiency, reliability, and economic feasibility of renewable energy systems (Kumar et al., 2025). However, challenges related to resource availability, infrastructure development, environmental impact, intermittency, and energy storage integration continue to affect the large-scale implementation of renewable technologies. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of hydropower systems, geothermal energy technologies, and alternative renewable energy resources with emphasis on their working principles, classifications, technological developments, applications, environmental impacts, challenges, and future prospects. Comparative analyses of different renewable energy resources are also discussed to evaluate their role in achieving sustainable energy transitions and global carbon neutrality goals. The chapter serves as an important scientific resource for researchers, engineers, academicians, policymakers, and graduate studentsworking in renewable energy and sustainable technology fields.","author":[{"family":"Renold","given":"SUAG"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21184694","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21184694","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21114589","type":"article-journal","title":"Explaining Renewable Electricity Expansion in Europe: Structural Conditions, Diffusion, and Leadership","abstract":"European countries differ markedly in the expansion of wind and solar electricity. A dynamic agent-based model is developed for 34 countries over 2015–2024, treating national electricity systems as heterogeneous and interconnected agents. Renewable adoption is decomposed into domestic proactivity, international reactivity, and persistent country-specific leadership. The model accounts for economic conditions, electricity-system structure, resource potential, geography, policy support, technological maturity, and exposure to renewable expansion in connected countries. The results show that leadership differs from simple observed growth and is strongly technology specific. Lithuania, Finland, and Moldova emerge as leading wind performers, while Hungary, Moldova, and Estonia lead in solar. Several countries with favourable structural conditions expand more slowly than predicted. The framework provides a conditional measure of renewable-energy leadership and clarifies how domestic fundamentals and international diffusion jointly shape national transition paths.","author":[{"family":"Santos","given":"Juan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21114589","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21114589","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21114590","type":"article-journal","title":"Explaining Renewable Electricity Expansion in Europe: Structural Conditions, Diffusion, and Leadership","abstract":"European countries differ markedly in the expansion of wind and solar electricity. A dynamic agent-based model is developed for 34 countries over 2015–2024, treating national electricity systems as heterogeneous and interconnected agents. Renewable adoption is decomposed into domestic proactivity, international reactivity, and persistent country-specific leadership. The model accounts for economic conditions, electricity-system structure, resource potential, geography, policy support, technological maturity, and exposure to renewable expansion in connected countries. The results show that leadership differs from simple observed growth and is strongly technology specific. Lithuania, Finland, and Moldova emerge as leading wind performers, while Hungary, Moldova, and Estonia lead in solar. Several countries with favourable structural conditions expand more slowly than predicted. The framework provides a conditional measure of renewable-energy leadership and clarifies how domestic fundamentals and international diffusion jointly shape national transition paths.","author":[{"family":"Santos","given":"Juan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21114590","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21114590","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20315983","type":"article-journal","title":"RESOLVING COMPENSATION ISSUES IN THE FIELD OF INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT","abstract":"Investor–State arbitration awards have increased dramatically in recent years, often reaching hundreds of millions or even billions of dollars. This trend has raised concerns that tribunals are awarding speculative future profits without adequate guidance from treaties or international law. This article examines how compensation is determined in ISDS, identifies key problems, and explores solutions. Drawing on new empirical data and doctrinal sources (UNCTAD 2024; Bonnitcha & Brewin 2020) and on comparative case analysis (e.g. Spain’s renewable-energy disputes, Tethyan Copper v. Pakistan, Bear Creek v. Peru), we show that tribunals typically apply the customary “full reparation” rule (ARSIWA Art. 31) by estimating the fair market value of the investment plus lost profits. In practice, however, tribunals heavily favor income-based (DCF) valuations and ignore contextual factors (public interest, investor misconduct, state solvency) These practices yield excessive and inconsistent awards (e.g. ISDS Yukos awards ≈US$50B vs. the ECtHR’s €1.9B) and diminish state sovereignty. The article argues that treaty reform is needed to correct these issues: modern IIAs could prescribe preferred valuation bases, cap damages (e.g. at invested capital or state gain), and integrate equitable considerations (mitigation, contributory fault, proportionality) Such reforms would better align compensation with sustainable development and legitimate regulation, while still ensuring “full reparation” within reasonable bounds.","author":[{"family":"Uli","given":"Aymuratov"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20315983","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20315983","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20315984","type":"article-journal","title":"RESOLVING COMPENSATION ISSUES IN THE FIELD OF INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT","abstract":"Investor–State arbitration awards have increased dramatically in recent years, often reaching hundreds of millions or even billions of dollars. This trend has raised concerns that tribunals are awarding speculative future profits without adequate guidance from treaties or international law. This article examines how compensation is determined in ISDS, identifies key problems, and explores solutions. Drawing on new empirical data and doctrinal sources (UNCTAD 2024; Bonnitcha & Brewin 2020) and on comparative case analysis (e.g. Spain’s renewable-energy disputes, Tethyan Copper v. Pakistan, Bear Creek v. Peru), we show that tribunals typically apply the customary “full reparation” rule (ARSIWA Art. 31) by estimating the fair market value of the investment plus lost profits. In practice, however, tribunals heavily favor income-based (DCF) valuations and ignore contextual factors (public interest, investor misconduct, state solvency) These practices yield excessive and inconsistent awards (e.g. ISDS Yukos awards ≈US$50B vs. the ECtHR’s €1.9B) and diminish state sovereignty. The article argues that treaty reform is needed to correct these issues: modern IIAs could prescribe preferred valuation bases, cap damages (e.g. at invested capital or state gain), and integrate equitable considerations (mitigation, contributory fault, proportionality) Such reforms would better align compensation with sustainable development and legitimate regulation, while still ensuring “full reparation” within reasonable bounds.","author":[{"family":"Uli","given":"Aymuratov"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20315984","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20315984","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20616290","type":"article-journal","title":"2030 - switching to electric cars in Europe: what's the catch?","abstract":"This document provides a comprehensive analysis of the \"pitfall\" in the EU's plans, drawing on up-to-date data (as of 2025) from sources such as ACEA, IEA, and Eurostat. We will break down the manufacturers' market with an emphasis on production globalization, vehicle fleet statistics and replacement volumes, the transition plan with forecasts, electricity generation and charging issues, calculations of additional energy consumption, reasons for infeasibility, and finally, options for resolution through innovations and policy adjustments. In conclusion, the analysis will show that 2030 is not just a date but a test of realism: without radical changes in generation, infrastructure, and production, the transition risks turning into an energy crisis rather than a triumph of sustainability. Recommendations include a gradual approach and acceleration of innovations to make the EU's ambitions achievable.","author":[{"family":"Isaul","given":"Vasili"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20616290","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20616290","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20616291","type":"article-journal","title":"2030 - switching to electric cars in Europe: what's the catch?","abstract":"This document provides a comprehensive analysis of the \"pitfall\" in the EU's plans, drawing on up-to-date data (as of 2025) from sources such as ACEA, IEA, and Eurostat. We will break down the manufacturers' market with an emphasis on production globalization, vehicle fleet statistics and replacement volumes, the transition plan with forecasts, electricity generation and charging issues, calculations of additional energy consumption, reasons for infeasibility, and finally, options for resolution through innovations and policy adjustments. In conclusion, the analysis will show that 2030 is not just a date but a test of realism: without radical changes in generation, infrastructure, and production, the transition risks turning into an energy crisis rather than a triumph of sustainability. Recommendations include a gradual approach and acceleration of innovations to make the EU's ambitions achievable.","author":[{"family":"Isaul","given":"Vasili"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20616291","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20616291","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22052862","type":"article-journal","title":"**\"India's Three-Stage Nuclear Program: Achieving Criticality and Charting the Path to Energy Independence\"**","abstract":"## ALTERNATIVE TITLES ### Scientific/Academic Titles: 1. **\"The Thorium Pathway: India's Strategic Three-Stage Nuclear Program and the Road to Energy Security\"** 2. **\"From Uranium to Thorium: A Comprehensive Analysis of India's Nuclear Energy Program\"** 3. **\"Kalpakkam Criticality: India's Historic Achievement in Fast Breeder Reactor Technology\"** 4. **\"India's Nuclear Journey: The PFBR Milestone and the Future of Thorium-Based Energy\"** 5. **\"Energy Independence Through Nuclear Power: India's Three-Stage Program and Vision 2047\"** 6. **\"Breeding Self-Reliance: India's Nuclear Program and the Thorium-Uranium Fuel Cycle\"** 7. **\"The Economics and Technology of India's Three-Stage Nuclear Program\"** 8. **\"Nuclear Energy for Sustainable Development: India's Strategic Roadmap\"** --- ### Technical/Engineering Titles: 9. **\"Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor Criticality: A Technical Review of India's Nuclear Milestone\"** 10. **\"From PHWRs to Thorium Reactors: The Evolution of India's Nuclear Technology\"** 11. **\"Fast Breeder Reactor Technology: India's Journey to Kalpakkam PFBR Criticality\"** 12. **\"The Thorium-Uranium Fuel Cycle: India's Solution to Energy Resource Constraints\"** 13. **\"Nuclear Reactor Design and Development: India's Indigenous Capabilities\"** --- ### Policy/Strategic Titles: 14. **\"AatmaNirbhar Bharat: India's Nuclear Energy Roadmap to 2047\"** 15. **\"The Geopolitics of Energy: India's Nuclear Program and Strategic Autonomy\"** 16. **\"Energy Security Through Thorium: India's Nuclear Policy Framework\"** 17. **\"India's Nuclear Program: Balancing Resource Constraints and Energy Demands\"** 18. **\"From Bhabha to BHAVINI: India's Nuclear Journey and Energy Independence\"** --- ### Popular Press/Media Titles: 19. **\"India's Nuclear Triumph: How Kalpakkam PFBR Criticality Paves the Way for Energy Independence\"** 20. **\"The Power of Thorium: India's Historic Leap Toward Energy Self-Sufficiency\"** 21. **\"Nuclear Dawn: India Achieves Criticality at Kalpakkam, Opens Door to Thorium Era\"** 22. **\"From Coal to Atoms: India's Nuclear Revolution and the Journey to 2047\"** 23. **\"The 22-Year Wait: How Kalpakkam's PFBR Became India's Nuclear Milestone\"** 24. **\"AatmaNirbhar Energy: India's Three-Stage Nuclear Program Explained\"** --- ### Short/Concise Titles: 25. **\"India's Three-Stage Nuclear Program: PFBR Criticality and Beyond\"** 26. **\"Thorium Energy: India's Nuclear Roadmap\"** 27. **\"India's Nuclear Program: From Uranium to Thorium\"** 28. **\"PFBR Criticality: India's Nuclear Milestone\"** 29. **\"Nuclear Energy Independence: India's Strategic Journey\"** --- ## SUBTITLES ### For Academic Paper: 1. **\"India's Three-Stage Nuclear Program: Achieving Criticality and Charting the Path to Energy Independence\"** *– From Dr. Homi J. Bhabha's vision to Kalpakkam PFBR criticality and India's thorium future* 2. **\"India's Three-Stage Nuclear Program: Achieving Criticality and Charting the Path to Energy Independence\"** *– An analysis of India's strategic energy roadmap and the role of nuclear power in achieving AatmaNirbhar Bharat by 2047* 3. **\"India's Three-Stage Nuclear Program: Achieving Criticality and Charting the Path to Energy Independence\"** *– The PFBR milestone as a gateway to thorium utilization and sustainable energy security* 4. **\"India's Three-Stage Nuclear Program: Achieving Criticality and Charting the Path to Energy Independence\"** *– A comprehensive review of India's nuclear technology, policy reforms, and future outlook* --- ### For News/Media Release: 5. **\"India's Three-Stage Nuclear Program: Achieving Criticality and Charting the Path to Energy Independence\"** *– Historic Kalpakkam PFBR criticality marks India's transition to fast breeder reactor era* 6. **\"India's Three-Stage Nuclear Program: Achieving Criticality and Charting the Path to Energy Independence\"** *– How India's abundant thorium resources could revolutionize the country's energy landscape* 7. **\"India's Three-Stage Nuclear Program: Achieving Criticality and ","author":[{"family":"Geruganti","given":"Sudhakar"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22052862","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22052862","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22052863","type":"article-journal","title":"**\"India's Three-Stage Nuclear Program: Achieving Criticality and Charting the Path to Energy Independence\"**","abstract":"## ALTERNATIVE TITLES ### Scientific/Academic Titles: 1. **\"The Thorium Pathway: India's Strategic Three-Stage Nuclear Program and the Road to Energy Security\"** 2. **\"From Uranium to Thorium: A Comprehensive Analysis of India's Nuclear Energy Program\"** 3. **\"Kalpakkam Criticality: India's Historic Achievement in Fast Breeder Reactor Technology\"** 4. **\"India's Nuclear Journey: The PFBR Milestone and the Future of Thorium-Based Energy\"** 5. **\"Energy Independence Through Nuclear Power: India's Three-Stage Program and Vision 2047\"** 6. **\"Breeding Self-Reliance: India's Nuclear Program and the Thorium-Uranium Fuel Cycle\"** 7. **\"The Economics and Technology of India's Three-Stage Nuclear Program\"** 8. **\"Nuclear Energy for Sustainable Development: India's Strategic Roadmap\"** --- ### Technical/Engineering Titles: 9. **\"Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor Criticality: A Technical Review of India's Nuclear Milestone\"** 10. **\"From PHWRs to Thorium Reactors: The Evolution of India's Nuclear Technology\"** 11. **\"Fast Breeder Reactor Technology: India's Journey to Kalpakkam PFBR Criticality\"** 12. **\"The Thorium-Uranium Fuel Cycle: India's Solution to Energy Resource Constraints\"** 13. **\"Nuclear Reactor Design and Development: India's Indigenous Capabilities\"** --- ### Policy/Strategic Titles: 14. **\"AatmaNirbhar Bharat: India's Nuclear Energy Roadmap to 2047\"** 15. **\"The Geopolitics of Energy: India's Nuclear Program and Strategic Autonomy\"** 16. **\"Energy Security Through Thorium: India's Nuclear Policy Framework\"** 17. **\"India's Nuclear Program: Balancing Resource Constraints and Energy Demands\"** 18. **\"From Bhabha to BHAVINI: India's Nuclear Journey and Energy Independence\"** --- ### Popular Press/Media Titles: 19. **\"India's Nuclear Triumph: How Kalpakkam PFBR Criticality Paves the Way for Energy Independence\"** 20. **\"The Power of Thorium: India's Historic Leap Toward Energy Self-Sufficiency\"** 21. **\"Nuclear Dawn: India Achieves Criticality at Kalpakkam, Opens Door to Thorium Era\"** 22. **\"From Coal to Atoms: India's Nuclear Revolution and the Journey to 2047\"** 23. **\"The 22-Year Wait: How Kalpakkam's PFBR Became India's Nuclear Milestone\"** 24. **\"AatmaNirbhar Energy: India's Three-Stage Nuclear Program Explained\"** --- ### Short/Concise Titles: 25. **\"India's Three-Stage Nuclear Program: PFBR Criticality and Beyond\"** 26. **\"Thorium Energy: India's Nuclear Roadmap\"** 27. **\"India's Nuclear Program: From Uranium to Thorium\"** 28. **\"PFBR Criticality: India's Nuclear Milestone\"** 29. **\"Nuclear Energy Independence: India's Strategic Journey\"** --- ## SUBTITLES ### For Academic Paper: 1. **\"India's Three-Stage Nuclear Program: Achieving Criticality and Charting the Path to Energy Independence\"** *– From Dr. Homi J. Bhabha's vision to Kalpakkam PFBR criticality and India's thorium future* 2. **\"India's Three-Stage Nuclear Program: Achieving Criticality and Charting the Path to Energy Independence\"** *– An analysis of India's strategic energy roadmap and the role of nuclear power in achieving AatmaNirbhar Bharat by 2047* 3. **\"India's Three-Stage Nuclear Program: Achieving Criticality and Charting the Path to Energy Independence\"** *– The PFBR milestone as a gateway to thorium utilization and sustainable energy security* 4. **\"India's Three-Stage Nuclear Program: Achieving Criticality and Charting the Path to Energy Independence\"** *– A comprehensive review of India's nuclear technology, policy reforms, and future outlook* --- ### For News/Media Release: 5. **\"India's Three-Stage Nuclear Program: Achieving Criticality and Charting the Path to Energy Independence\"** *– Historic Kalpakkam PFBR criticality marks India's transition to fast breeder reactor era* 6. **\"India's Three-Stage Nuclear Program: Achieving Criticality and Charting the Path to Energy Independence\"** *– How India's abundant thorium resources could revolutionize the country's energy landscape* 7. **\"India's Three-Stage Nuclear Program: Achieving Criticality and ","author":[{"family":"Geruganti","given":"Sudhakar"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22052863","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22052863","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20302368","type":"article-journal","title":"UZBEKISTAN'S GREEN INDUSTRY CHALLENGE: MODERNIZING SOVIET-ERA PRODUCTION FOR A LOW-CARBON FUTURE","abstract":"This study examines Uzbekistan's transition from Soviet-era industrial infrastructure to a modern, low-carbon economy. The research analyzes the country's current greenhouse gas emissions profile, policy frameworks, renewable energy initiatives, and barriers to comprehensive industrial modernization. Data were collected from multiple international sources including the World Bank, International Energy Agency, CEIC Data, Worldometer, and government documents covering the period 2017-2024. Results indicate that despite achieving a 51% reduction in carbon intensity per unit of GDP between 2010 and 2021, absolute CO₂ emissions increased 25.7% from 2017 to 2023, reaching 137.9 million tonnes. Renewable energy capacity expanded dramatically from near-zero solar installations in 2019 to 1.8 GW by 2023, with targets of 27 GW and 40% renewable electricity by 2030. However, significant barriers persist including capital constraints requiring $20-30 billion investment, technical capacity gaps, regulatory enforcement weaknesses, and aging industrial infrastructure averaging over 30 years. The study concludes that while Uzbekistan has made substantial policy commitments and renewable energy progress, achieving comprehensive industrial decarbonization will require sustained international cooperation, massive capital mobilization, technical capacity building, and coordinated social support programs for affected workers.","author":[{"family":"Ubaydullayevich","given":"Ibragimov"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20302368","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20302368","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20302369","type":"article-journal","title":"UZBEKISTAN'S GREEN INDUSTRY CHALLENGE: MODERNIZING SOVIET-ERA PRODUCTION FOR A LOW-CARBON FUTURE","abstract":"This study examines Uzbekistan's transition from Soviet-era industrial infrastructure to a modern, low-carbon economy. The research analyzes the country's current greenhouse gas emissions profile, policy frameworks, renewable energy initiatives, and barriers to comprehensive industrial modernization. Data were collected from multiple international sources including the World Bank, International Energy Agency, CEIC Data, Worldometer, and government documents covering the period 2017-2024. Results indicate that despite achieving a 51% reduction in carbon intensity per unit of GDP between 2010 and 2021, absolute CO₂ emissions increased 25.7% from 2017 to 2023, reaching 137.9 million tonnes. Renewable energy capacity expanded dramatically from near-zero solar installations in 2019 to 1.8 GW by 2023, with targets of 27 GW and 40% renewable electricity by 2030. However, significant barriers persist including capital constraints requiring $20-30 billion investment, technical capacity gaps, regulatory enforcement weaknesses, and aging industrial infrastructure averaging over 30 years. The study concludes that while Uzbekistan has made substantial policy commitments and renewable energy progress, achieving comprehensive industrial decarbonization will require sustained international cooperation, massive capital mobilization, technical capacity building, and coordinated social support programs for affected workers.","author":[{"family":"Ubaydullayevich","given":"Ibragimov"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20302369","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20302369","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19763628","type":"article-journal","title":"Evaluating the Environmental Impact of Computer Networking and Sustainable Strategies for Climate Change Mitigation","abstract":"This paper evaluates the environmental impact of computer networking infrastructure and proposes a practical framework for sustainable, climate-conscious network design. Drawing on secondary research, industry sustainability reports, and global energy datasets, it quantifies the contribution of the ICT sector data centers, transmission networks, and end-user devices to worldwide energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, and examines the growing problem of electronic waste.Key findings include: data centers account for approximately 40% of ICT sector electricity consumption; global internet traffic exceeded 466 exabytes per month in 2024, driven primarily by video streaming; and green networking architectures (software-defined networking, adaptive link-rate techniques, and workload virtualization) can reduce carbon emissions per rack by up to 40% relative to conventional approaches, while doubling average hardware lifecycle and cutting e-waste per terabyte served by more than half.The paper develops a six-component sustainable networking framework covering energy-efficient hardware procurement, virtualization and software-defined networking (SDN/NFV), renewable energy integration, circular economy practices, sustainable procurement policies, and measurement and public reporting. The framework is designed to be implementable by organizations of varying scale, treating environmental responsibility as a core design principle rather than an afterthought.The work is intended for ICT practitioners, sustainability officers, infrastructure architects, and policymakers seeking evidence-based guidance on reducing the environmental footprint of digital infrastructure.Keywords: green networking, sustainable ICT, data center energy, carbon emissions, software-defined networking, virtualization, electronic waste, circular economy, climate change mitigation","author":[{"family":"Kasumba","given":"John"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19763628","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19763628","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19763629","type":"article-journal","title":"Evaluating the Environmental Impact of Computer Networking and Sustainable Strategies for Climate Change Mitigation","abstract":"This paper evaluates the environmental impact of computer networking infrastructure and proposes a practical framework for sustainable, climate-conscious network design. Drawing on secondary research, industry sustainability reports, and global energy datasets, it quantifies the contribution of the ICT sector data centers, transmission networks, and end-user devices to worldwide energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, and examines the growing problem of electronic waste.Key findings include: data centers account for approximately 40% of ICT sector electricity consumption; global internet traffic exceeded 466 exabytes per month in 2024, driven primarily by video streaming; and green networking architectures (software-defined networking, adaptive link-rate techniques, and workload virtualization) can reduce carbon emissions per rack by up to 40% relative to conventional approaches, while doubling average hardware lifecycle and cutting e-waste per terabyte served by more than half.The paper develops a six-component sustainable networking framework covering energy-efficient hardware procurement, virtualization and software-defined networking (SDN/NFV), renewable energy integration, circular economy practices, sustainable procurement policies, and measurement and public reporting. The framework is designed to be implementable by organizations of varying scale, treating environmental responsibility as a core design principle rather than an afterthought.The work is intended for ICT practitioners, sustainability officers, infrastructure architects, and policymakers seeking evidence-based guidance on reducing the environmental footprint of digital infrastructure.Keywords: green networking, sustainable ICT, data center energy, carbon emissions, software-defined networking, virtualization, electronic waste, circular economy, climate change mitigation","author":[{"family":"Kasumba","given":"John"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19763629","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19763629","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22031295","type":"article-journal","title":"Energy Sector Mergers and Acquisitions in India: Trends, Policy Drivers, and Strategic Implications","abstract":"Abstract: India has emerged as one of the world's most dynamic destinations for energy sector mergers and acquisitions (M&A), driven by ambitious renewable energy targets, progressive policy reforms, and strong inbound foreign investment. The country ranks fourth globally in renewable energy installed capacity and has committed to achieving 500 GW of non-fossil fuel-based energy by 2030 (MNRE, 2024). Against this backdrop, energy M&A deals as a share of total Indian M&A deal value surged from 7% in 2021 to 15% in 2023 (Deloitte, 2024). This paper investigates M&A activity in India's energy sector from 2019 to 2023, focusing on four key dimensions: the policy and regulatory drivers of M&A; the strategic motivations of acquiring firms; the financial and structural characteristics of key transactions; and aggregate deal trends across inbound, outbound, and domestic categories. Using secondary data from Deloitte's Indian M&A Trends 2024, Invest India, and academic literature, this study argues that India's energy M&A surge is not merely cyclical but is structurally anchored in policy discontinuities, capital market activation, and technological transition in the renewable energy space. A conceptual framework linking policy drivers, market forces, and technology shifts to M&A outcomes is proposed. Keywords: Renewable Energy, M&A Deal Value, Inbound Investment, Energy Policy, Solar Power, Wind Energy, India","author":[{"family":"Amitkumar","given":"Parmar"},{"family":"Dharamwani","given":"Laveena"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22031295","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22031295","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22031296","type":"article-journal","title":"Energy Sector Mergers and Acquisitions in India: Trends, Policy Drivers, and Strategic Implications","abstract":"Abstract: India has emerged as one of the world's most dynamic destinations for energy sector mergers and acquisitions (M&A), driven by ambitious renewable energy targets, progressive policy reforms, and strong inbound foreign investment. The country ranks fourth globally in renewable energy installed capacity and has committed to achieving 500 GW of non-fossil fuel-based energy by 2030 (MNRE, 2024). Against this backdrop, energy M&A deals as a share of total Indian M&A deal value surged from 7% in 2021 to 15% in 2023 (Deloitte, 2024). This paper investigates M&A activity in India's energy sector from 2019 to 2023, focusing on four key dimensions: the policy and regulatory drivers of M&A; the strategic motivations of acquiring firms; the financial and structural characteristics of key transactions; and aggregate deal trends across inbound, outbound, and domestic categories. Using secondary data from Deloitte's Indian M&A Trends 2024, Invest India, and academic literature, this study argues that India's energy M&A surge is not merely cyclical but is structurally anchored in policy discontinuities, capital market activation, and technological transition in the renewable energy space. A conceptual framework linking policy drivers, market forces, and technology shifts to M&A outcomes is proposed. Keywords: Renewable Energy, M&A Deal Value, Inbound Investment, Energy Policy, Solar Power, Wind Energy, India","author":[{"family":"Amitkumar","given":"Parmar"},{"family":"Dharamwani","given":"Laveena"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22031296","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22031296","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.13133/2784-9643/19260","type":"article-journal","title":"An Emerging Energy Community. The Case Study of Viladecans in Catalonia","abstract":"The global transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy has redefined spatial patterns of development, challenging traditional paradigms of urban planning and governance (Brown et al., 2017). As cities become critical nodes in the energy transition, understanding how local initiatives address technological, physical, and social dimensions becomes imperative. Viladecans, located in Catalonia, is an exemplary case of integrating innovative energy governance through the Vilawatt project (Viladecans 2030 Urban Agenda, 2024). While addressing regional patterns of socio-spatial inequality, this project expands on community cooperation, energy-efficient building renovations, and the use of renewable energy sources to further global sustainability goals. The energy transition should be viewed as a more comprehensive process of social and spatial change rather than just a change in technology. Viladecans' experience serves as an example of how local governments can navigate the complex relationship between spatial justice and equitable development while charting realistic paths towards sustainability with the support of EU frameworks (EU, 2023).","author":[{"family":"Della Sala","given":"Valerio"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.13133/2784-9643/19260","URL":"https://doi.org/10.13133/2784-9643/19260","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21355612","type":"article-journal","title":"Transition Towards a Green Economy: Role of Sustainable Finance in India","abstract":"This study analyses how sustainable finance drives India’s shift to a green economy. Sustainable finance—notably green finance instruments, green bonds, and ESG investing—is vital for funding climate adaptation, resilient infrastructure, and renewable energy. Using a descriptive-analytical approach with secondary sources (RBI, SEBI, Climate Bonds Initiative, and academic literature), the paper maps market growth, regulatory developments, and policy initiatives. Objectives: (i) track market size and growth; (ii) assess contribution to economic growth and energy transition; (iii) evaluate enabling policies and regulations (NAPCC, SEBI guidelines, RBI green deposit guidance); (iv) identify barriers and scaling strategies. Findings show rapid expansion in sustainable debt (GSS+: green, social, sustainability, sustainability-linked). By 2024 India’s GSS+ market reached about USD 55.9 billion, and green bond issuance totalled roughly INR 11,678 crore by March 2026. Banks and policy tools (priority-sector lending, sovereign green bonds, transparency rules) mobilize finance for low-carbon projects, while green bonds and ESG adoption steer investment to transport and renewables. Key challenges include greenwashing risk, high financing costs, fragmented standards, limited investor awareness, and funding gaps for long-term adaptation. Recommendations include blended finance, stronger verification and reporting, standardized taxonomies and disclosures, and capacity building for financial institutions. The paper concludes that pragmatic regulatory and market measures can scale sustainable finance to meet India’s climate and development goals.","author":[{"family":"Wadia","given":"Ranali"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21355612","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21355612","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21355613","type":"article-journal","title":"Transition Towards a Green Economy: Role of Sustainable Finance in India","abstract":"This study analyses how sustainable finance drives India’s shift to a green economy. Sustainable finance—notably green finance instruments, green bonds, and ESG investing—is vital for funding climate adaptation, resilient infrastructure, and renewable energy. Using a descriptive-analytical approach with secondary sources (RBI, SEBI, Climate Bonds Initiative, and academic literature), the paper maps market growth, regulatory developments, and policy initiatives. Objectives: (i) track market size and growth; (ii) assess contribution to economic growth and energy transition; (iii) evaluate enabling policies and regulations (NAPCC, SEBI guidelines, RBI green deposit guidance); (iv) identify barriers and scaling strategies. Findings show rapid expansion in sustainable debt (GSS+: green, social, sustainability, sustainability-linked). By 2024 India’s GSS+ market reached about USD 55.9 billion, and green bond issuance totalled roughly INR 11,678 crore by March 2026. Banks and policy tools (priority-sector lending, sovereign green bonds, transparency rules) mobilize finance for low-carbon projects, while green bonds and ESG adoption steer investment to transport and renewables. Key challenges include greenwashing risk, high financing costs, fragmented standards, limited investor awareness, and funding gaps for long-term adaptation. Recommendations include blended finance, stronger verification and reporting, standardized taxonomies and disclosures, and capacity building for financial institutions. The paper concludes that pragmatic regulatory and market measures can scale sustainable finance to meet India’s climate and development goals.","author":[{"family":"Wadia","given":"Ranali"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21355613","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21355613","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19483131","type":"article-journal","title":"Strategic Frameworks for Global Energy Transitions: An Integrated Analysis of Climate Informatics, Post-Classical Compute Infrastructures, and Biomimetic Policy Pathways","abstract":"Strategic Frameworks for Global Energy Transitions: An Integrated Analysis of Climate Informatics, Post-Classical Compute Infrastructures, and Biomimetic Policy Pathways The global energy architecture is currently undergoing a structural phase transition of unprecedented scale and complexity. Historically defined by centralized extraction, linear transmission mechanisms, and deterministic demand forecasting, the modern energy paradigm is rapidly evolving into a highly decentralized, stochastic, and metabolically complex network. This transition is being driven by the intersecting vectors of extreme climate volatility, the exponential energy demands of advanced computational infrastructures, and the urgent necessity for deep decarbonization across emerging and developed economies. As global energy demand scales non-linearly alongside the proliferation of artificial intelligence and hyperscale computing, classical models of energy deployment, infrastructure planning, and ecological mitigation are proving fundamentally inadequate. To bridge the widening gap between legacy energy systems and future planetary requirements, the analytical frameworks utilized to model generation, transmission, and environmental impact must undergo a profound ontological shift. This comprehensive report investigates the multi-dimensional vectors of this transition. By synthesizing granular climate data sets, paleoclimatic baseline modeling, post-classical computational infrastructure proposals, advanced machine-learning-driven safety protocols, hydro-ecological constraints, and regional policy simulation engines, the analysis constructs a unified architecture for the future of global energy. The findings indicate that the energy systems of the coming decades will not merely respond to anthropogenic demand; they must act as integrated, self-regulating biological systems that co-optimize computational throughput, environmental homeostasis, and regional socio-economic development. The Epistemological Foundation: Open Data Infrastructures and \"Research as Living\" To effectively navigate the extreme complexity of synthesizing high-resolution climate data, metabolic artificial intelligence architectures, ecological safety constraints, and regional macroeconomics, the global energy sector must adapt its underlying approach to scientific research and institutional metacognition. A structural shift is required, conceptualizing the process of research and development not as a static, linear accumulation of data, but as a dynamic, interconnected living system.1 The Biological Ontology of Inquiry The \"Research as Living\" framework postulates that scientific inquiry satisfies the core invariants of biological living systems.1 In the context of global energy, the research apparatus metabolizes inputs—such as anomalies in grid load, newly processed atmospheric temperature datasets, and tooling innovations—and maintains its organization through autopoiesis via standardized methodologies, peer review, and robust archival systems.1 Furthermore, it evolves through variation and selection, driving conceptual mutations from classical terrestrial power grids toward decentralized, biomimetic compute reefs.1 By treating energy research as a self-maintaining organism, scientific progress is reframed as an \"adaptive expansion\" rather than linear accumulation.1 This substrate-neutral account of inquiry integrates philosophy of science, systems theory, and evolutionary dynamics, positioning technologies—including generative AI and automated telemetry algorithms—not merely as passive tools, but as co-agents within the evolving ecology of the energy sector.1 Community Curation and Software Sustainability For this living system of research to survive, its central nervous system—the open dataset repositories—must be impeccably maintained. The increasing concern for the availability and transparency of scientific data has resulted in initiatives promoting the archival and curation of","author":[{"family":"Brewer","given":"Mark"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19483131","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19483131","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19483132","type":"article-journal","title":"Strategic Frameworks for Global Energy Transitions: An Integrated Analysis of Climate Informatics, Post-Classical Compute Infrastructures, and Biomimetic Policy Pathways","abstract":"Strategic Frameworks for Global Energy Transitions: An Integrated Analysis of Climate Informatics, Post-Classical Compute Infrastructures, and Biomimetic Policy Pathways The global energy architecture is currently undergoing a structural phase transition of unprecedented scale and complexity. Historically defined by centralized extraction, linear transmission mechanisms, and deterministic demand forecasting, the modern energy paradigm is rapidly evolving into a highly decentralized, stochastic, and metabolically complex network. This transition is being driven by the intersecting vectors of extreme climate volatility, the exponential energy demands of advanced computational infrastructures, and the urgent necessity for deep decarbonization across emerging and developed economies. As global energy demand scales non-linearly alongside the proliferation of artificial intelligence and hyperscale computing, classical models of energy deployment, infrastructure planning, and ecological mitigation are proving fundamentally inadequate. To bridge the widening gap between legacy energy systems and future planetary requirements, the analytical frameworks utilized to model generation, transmission, and environmental impact must undergo a profound ontological shift. This comprehensive report investigates the multi-dimensional vectors of this transition. By synthesizing granular climate data sets, paleoclimatic baseline modeling, post-classical computational infrastructure proposals, advanced machine-learning-driven safety protocols, hydro-ecological constraints, and regional policy simulation engines, the analysis constructs a unified architecture for the future of global energy. The findings indicate that the energy systems of the coming decades will not merely respond to anthropogenic demand; they must act as integrated, self-regulating biological systems that co-optimize computational throughput, environmental homeostasis, and regional socio-economic development. The Epistemological Foundation: Open Data Infrastructures and \"Research as Living\" To effectively navigate the extreme complexity of synthesizing high-resolution climate data, metabolic artificial intelligence architectures, ecological safety constraints, and regional macroeconomics, the global energy sector must adapt its underlying approach to scientific research and institutional metacognition. A structural shift is required, conceptualizing the process of research and development not as a static, linear accumulation of data, but as a dynamic, interconnected living system.1 The Biological Ontology of Inquiry The \"Research as Living\" framework postulates that scientific inquiry satisfies the core invariants of biological living systems.1 In the context of global energy, the research apparatus metabolizes inputs—such as anomalies in grid load, newly processed atmospheric temperature datasets, and tooling innovations—and maintains its organization through autopoiesis via standardized methodologies, peer review, and robust archival systems.1 Furthermore, it evolves through variation and selection, driving conceptual mutations from classical terrestrial power grids toward decentralized, biomimetic compute reefs.1 By treating energy research as a self-maintaining organism, scientific progress is reframed as an \"adaptive expansion\" rather than linear accumulation.1 This substrate-neutral account of inquiry integrates philosophy of science, systems theory, and evolutionary dynamics, positioning technologies—including generative AI and automated telemetry algorithms—not merely as passive tools, but as co-agents within the evolving ecology of the energy sector.1 Community Curation and Software Sustainability For this living system of research to survive, its central nervous system—the open dataset repositories—must be impeccably maintained. The increasing concern for the availability and transparency of scientific data has resulted in initiatives promoting the archival and curation of","author":[{"family":"Brewer","given":"Mark"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19483132","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19483132","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19115455","type":"article-journal","title":"米国再生可能エネルギー研究所(NREL)のCREST Wind データセット (2010-2023)を活用した米国50 州における環境便益評価:州別経済指標 (LCOE・IRR・税収)と環境指標(CO・NOx・SO・水資源保全)の分析:風況 条件・電源���成・大気質改善効果の差異が生み出す地域間格差","abstract":"本論は米国再生可能エネルギー研究所 (NREL)のCREST Wind (Cost of Renewable Energy Spreadsheet Tool)データを用いて、風力エネル ギーと再生可能エネルギーの経済効果および環 境影響に関する網羅的な分析を行ったものであ る。風力発電プロジェクトの経済波及効果は主 に風況条件、州税制度、州補助金制度、電力市 場構造、送電インフラなどの要因によって州ご とに異なる傾向が示されている。風力発電の経 済性と環境影響を網羅的に評価している。研究 では特に風力発電による初期投資効果、運用期 間の経済効果、税収効果、エネルギーコスト削 減効果などの経済波及効果と、温室効果ガス排 出削減効果、大気汚染物質削減効果、水資源利 用削減効果などの環境影響に焦点を当てている。 州別の特徴分析からは、テキサス州、アイオワ 州、カリフォルニア州などの成功事例を詳細に 検討し、風力発電プロジェクトの経済波及効果 と環境便益を最大化するための政策提言を行っている。 【謝辞(Acknowledgments)】 本論にあたり、日頃より研究活動を支え、有形無形のサポートをいただいたすべての皆様に心より感謝申し上げる。本研究の基盤となる貴重なデータを提供してくださった各機関、およびオープンサイエンスの理念のもと、本アーカイブの公開を可能にした情報プラットフォームに深く敬意を表する。そして何より、いかなる困難な状況下においても私の知の探求を信じ、日々の生活を温かく支え、共に歩んでくれる家族の存在なしに、この膨大な記録を編纂することは叶わなかった。ここに最大の感謝を捧げる。 【生成AI・LLMsの活用について】 本全集の編纂、膨大な目録の構造化、および一部の解説テキストの校正・フォーマット整形においては、大規模言語モデル(LLMs)等の生成AI技術を補助的ツールとして活用している。ただし、中核となるデータセット、分析モデル、および独創的な学術的考察はすべて著者自身の知見と手作業に基づくものである。 【出版およびライセンス情報(Publication and License Information)】 · Publisher(出版元): Zenodo (CERN - European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Copyright(著作権): © 2024-2025 Yasuko Kawahata. All rights reserved. · License(ライセンス): Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) 本著作物は「クリエイティブ・コモンズ 表示 - 非営利 - 改変禁止 4.0 国際」ライセンスの下に提供されています。著作者のクレジットを適切に表示することを条件に共有が認められますが、営利目的での利用、および本著作物を改変・変形・加工した二次的著作物の作成と配布は固く禁じられています。 【謝辞(Acknowledgments)】 本全集の完成にあたり、日頃より研究活動を支え、有形無形のサポートをいただいたすべての皆様に心より感謝申し上げる。本研究の基盤となる貴重なデータを提供してくださった各機関、およびオープンサイエンスの理念のもと、本アーカイブの公開を可能にした情報プラットフォームに深く敬意を表する。そして何より、いかなる困難な状況下においても私の知の探求を信じ、日々の生活を温かく支え、共に歩んでくれる家族の存在なしに、この膨大な記録を編纂することは叶わなかった。ここに最大の感謝を捧げる。 【生成AI・LLMsの活用について】 本全集の編纂、膨大な目録の構造化、および一部の解説テキストの校正・フォーマット整形においては、大規模言語モデル(LLMs)等の生成AI技術を補助的ツールとして活用している。ただし、中核となるデータセット、分析モデル、および独創的な学術的考察はすべて著者自身の知見と手作業に基づくものである。 【出版およびライセンス情報(Publication and License Information)】 · Publisher(出版元): Zenodo (CERN - European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Copyright(著作権): © 2025 Yasuko Kawahata. All rights reserved. · License(ライセンス): Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) 本著作物は「クリエイティブ・コモンズ 表示 - 非営利 - 改変禁止 4.0 国際」ライセンスの下に提供されています。著作者のクレジットを適切に表示することを条件に共有が認められますが、営利目的での利用、および本著作物を改変・変形・加工した二次的著作物の作成と配布は固く禁じられています。 下記の日程で作成したレポートの一部である。 📝 研究データ・解析ノート全集 収録一覧 · [2024年5月6日] データ・サイエンス概論(2024年度版) 統計の応用:グレブナー基底の基礎と補題(1)方向統計と空間統計 · [2024年5月10日] データ・サイエンス概論 Google Colaboratoryを用いたデータサイエンス実践・初級編 · [2024年5月23日] メディア社会学科共通ゼミ資料:ダニエル・ダヤーンとエリ・カッツの「メディア・イベント」理論の視座(編纂版) · [2024年5月24日] イーライ・パリサー:インターネットが隠していること・フィルターバブル理論と研究事例 (2011年 ) · [2024年5月29日] 仏・黄色のベスト運動の報道(2018/11~)と社会運動の歴史と表象文化、芸術 · [2024年6月1日] 仏:戦前・戦後(19世紀~20世紀)における社会運動史と芸術運動史の関係 · [2024年8月7日] 意見の動気的順序組み合わせの再検討 エコーチェンバー形成のオピニオン・ダイナミクス的探求と閾値による多様性の可能性 · [2024年9月26日] Web スタディーズ 論文集(2020-2024) Vol.1 · [2024年10月8日] Web スタディーズ 論文集(2020-2024) Vol.2 · [2024年10月9日] Web スタディーズ 論文集(2020-2024) Vol.3 · [2024年12月21日] 不完全情報状態がもたらす情報品質の逆選択が導く二重フェイクニュースの蔓延と心的負荷-Akerlof 『レモンの市場(中古車市場モデル)』(1970年)からの再考 · [2024年12月22日] 複合フェイクニュースが誘発する品質崩壊メカニズムー-Akerlofのレモン車市場モデル(1970年)と不完全情報ゲームの視点: レモンの市場モデルが示す短期利得と長期崩壊 · [2024年12月23日] 身近に侵食する二重フェイクニュースが誘発する逆選択とウィルソンの勝者のリスク理論 (1969): 情報崩壊メカニズム: レモンの市場モデル(1970)と認知バイアス改善へのゲーム理論的アプローチ · [2024年12月24日] Misinformation/Disinformation/Malinformationが誘発する二重フェイクニューススパイラルーー逆選択と勝者の呪い理論による再検討 · [2024年12月25日] 誤情報の再編集連鎖とユーザー心理ステージー操作強度・政治的動機,深層合成が誘発する三類型を超えたフェイクニュースの複雑系を軸とした理論再検討 · [2024年12月27日] 協調フェイクとショックイベントがもたらすフェイクニュース市場の複雑系に見る不均衡構造 · [2024年12月27日] 複数ファクトチェッカー導入による複雑な情報生態系市場の揺れ動き:議論の多世代改変・多段階ショックイベントの発生、逆選択の相互作用の試論 · [2024年12月28日] ハース・コヴィッツ (1925年)の村落ゴシップ理論からダレイ・ケンドール型モデル(1964年)の噂伝播モデルの再考: 多世代改変による再編集(reedit)と逆選択をめぐるフェイクニュースの自己増幅に対するレモンの市場モデルとのKinetic衝突と接合の分析試論 · [2024年12月29日] 誤情報のグループ接触と個別接触分析: ダレイ・ケンドール型(1964年)、マキ・トンプソン型拡張(1973年)を含むハイパーグラフとスケールフリー(BA)構造のモレノモデル(2004年)に基づくゲーム理論的利得評価比較 · [2024年12月30日] 陰謀論の短期爆発と長期漂流を捉えるスケールフリー(BAモデル) ネットワークとハイパーグラフモデルによる先鋭コミュニティの分析:反証不能性を生む再編集による排他性と高強度ノードの効果 · [2025年1月1日] エコーチェンバーと孤立ノード: 自己増幅・反証拒否を持つ陰謀論の『頑強さ』とハイパーエッジ構造によるコミュニティ結合と排他性 · [2025年1月5日] 複層的陰謀論の緩慢な醸成と突然の過激化とスロークッキング現象: 多闇ネットワークモデルから考察する相互強化と長期持続メカ","author":[{"family":"Kawahata","given":"Yasuko"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19115455","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19115455","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19115456","type":"article-journal","title":"米国再生可能エネルギー研究所(NREL)のCREST Wind データセット (2010-2023)を活用した米国50 州における環境便益評価:州別経済指標 (LCOE・IRR・税収)と環境指標(CO・NOx・SO・水資源保全)の分析:風況 条件・電源構成・大気質改善効果の差異が生み出す地域間格差","abstract":"本論は米国再生可能エネルギー研究所 (NREL)のCREST Wind (Cost of Renewable Energy Spreadsheet Tool)データを用いて、風力エネル ギーと再生可能エネルギーの経済効果および環 境影響に関する網羅的な分析を行ったものであ る。風力発電プロジェクトの経済波及効果は主 に風況条件、州税制度、州補助金制度、電力市 場構造、送電インフラなどの要因によって州ご とに異なる傾向が示されている。風力発電の経 済性と環境影響を網羅的に評価している。研究 では特に風力発電による初期投資効果、運用期 間の経済効果、税収効果、エネルギーコスト削 減効果などの経済波及効果と、温室効果ガス排 出削減効果、大気汚染物質削減効果、水資源利 用削減効果などの環境影響に焦点を当てている。 州別の特徴分析からは、テキサス州、アイオワ 州、カリフォルニア州などの成功事例を詳細に 検討し、風力発電プロジェクトの経済波及効果 と環境便益を最大化するための政策提言を行っている。 【謝辞(Acknowledgments)】 本論にあたり、日頃より研究活動を支え、有形無形のサポートをいただいたすべての皆様に心より感謝申し上げる。本研究の基盤となる貴重なデータを提供してくださった各機関、およびオープンサイエンスの理念のもと、本アーカイブの公開を可能にした情報プラットフォームに深く敬意を表する。そして何より、いかなる困難な状況下においても私の知の探求を信じ、日々の生活を温かく支え、共に歩んでくれる家族の存在なしに、この膨大な記録を編纂することは叶わなかった。ここに最大の感謝を捧げる。 【生成AI・LLMsの活用について】 本全集の編纂、膨大な目録の構造化、および一部の解説テキストの校正・フォーマット整形においては、大規模言語モデル(LLMs)等の生成AI技術を補助的ツールとして活用している。ただし、中核となるデータセット、分析モデル、および独創的な学術的考察はすべて著者自身の知見と手作業に基づくものである。 【出版およびライセンス情報(Publication and License Information)】 · Publisher(出版元): Zenodo (CERN - European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Copyright(著作権): © 2024-2025 Yasuko Kawahata. All rights reserved. · License(ライセンス): Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) 本著作物は「クリエイティブ・コモンズ 表示 - 非営利 - 改変禁止 4.0 国際」ライセンスの下に提供されています。著作者のクレジットを適切に表示することを条件に共有が認められますが、営利目的での利用、および本著作物を改変・変形・加工した二次的著作物の作成と配布は固く禁じられています。 【謝辞(Acknowledgments)】 本全集の完成にあたり、日頃より研究活動を支え、有形無形のサポートをいただいたすべての皆様に心より感謝申し上げる。本研究の基盤となる貴重なデータを提供してくださった各機関、およびオープンサイエンスの理念のもと、本アーカイブの公開を可能にした情報プラットフォームに深く敬意を表する。そして何より、いかなる困難な状況下においても私の知の探求を信じ、日々の生活を温かく支え、共に歩んでくれる家族の存在なしに、この膨大な記録を編纂することは叶わなかった。ここに最大の感謝を捧げる。 【生成AI・LLMsの活用について】 本全集の編纂、膨大な目録の構造化、および一部の解説テキストの校正・フォーマット整形においては、大規模言語モデル(LLMs)等の生成AI技術を補助的ツールとして活用している。ただし、中核となるデータセット、分析モデル、および独創的な学術的考察はすべて著者自身の知見と手作業に基づくものである。 【出版およびライセンス情報(Publication and License Information)】 · Publisher(出版元): Zenodo (CERN - European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Copyright(著作権): © 2025 Yasuko Kawahata. All rights reserved. · License(ライセンス): Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) 本著作物は「クリエイティブ・コモンズ 表示 - 非営利 - 改変禁止 4.0 国際」ライセンスの下に提供されています。著作者のクレジットを適切に表示することを条件に共有が認められますが、営利目的での利用、および本著作物を改変・変形・加工した二次的著作物の作成と配布は固く禁じられています。 下記の日程で作成したレポートの一部である。 📝 研究データ・解析ノート全集 収録一覧 · [2024年5月6日] データ・サイエンス概論(2024年度版) 統計の応用:グレブナー基底の基礎と補題(1)方向統計と空間統計 · [2024年5月10日] データ・サイエンス概論 Google Colaboratoryを用いたデータサイエンス実践・初級編 · [2024年5月23日] メディア社会学科共通ゼミ資料:ダニエル・ダヤーンとエリ・カッツの「メディア・イベント」理論の視座(編纂版) · [2024年5月24日] イーライ・パリサー:インターネットが隠していること・フィルターバブル理論と研究事例 (2011年 ) · [2024年5月29日] 仏・黄色のベスト運動の報道(2018/11~)と社会運動の歴史と表象文化、芸術 · [2024年6月1日] 仏:戦前・戦後(19世紀~20世紀)における社会運動史と芸術運動史の関係 · [2024年8月7日] 意見の動気的順序組み合わせの再検討 エコーチェンバー形成のオピニオン・ダイナミクス的探求と閾値による多様性の可能性 · [2024年9月26日] Web スタディーズ 論文集(2020-2024) Vol.1 · [2024年10月8日] Web スタディーズ 論文集(2020-2024) Vol.2 · [2024年10月9日] Web スタディーズ 論文集(2020-2024) Vol.3 · [2024年12月21日] 不完全情報状態がもたらす情報品質の逆選択が導く二重フェイクニュースの蔓延と心的負荷-Akerlof 『レモンの市場(中古車市場モデル)』(1970年)からの再考 · [2024年12月22日] 複合フェイクニュースが誘発する品質崩壊メカニズムー-Akerlofのレモン車市場モデル(1970年)と不完全情報ゲームの視点: レモンの市場モデルが示す短期利得と長期崩壊 · [2024年12月23日] 身近に侵食する二重フェイクニュースが誘発する逆選択とウィルソンの勝者のリスク理論 (1969): 情報崩壊メカニズム: レモンの市場モデル(1970)と認知バイアス改善へのゲーム理論的アプローチ · [2024年12月24日] Misinformation/Disinformation/Malinformationが誘発する二重フェイクニューススパイラルーー逆選択と勝者の呪い理論による再検討 · [2024年12月25日] 誤情報の再編集連鎖とユーザー心理ステージー操作強度・政治的動機,深層合成が誘発する三類型を超えたフェイクニュ���スの複雑系を軸とした理論再検討 · [2024年12月27日] 協調フェイクとショックイベントがもたらすフェイクニュース市場の複雑系に見る不均衡構造 · [2024年12月27日] 複数ファクトチェッカー導入による複雑な情報生態系市場の揺れ動き:議論の多世代改変・多段階ショックイベントの発生、逆選択の相互作用の試論 · [2024年12月28日] ハース・コヴィッツ (1925年)の村落ゴシップ理論からダレイ・ケンドール型モデル(1964年)の噂伝播モデルの再考: 多世代改変による再編集(reedit)と逆選択をめぐるフェイクニュースの自己増幅に対するレモンの市場モデルとのKinetic衝突と接合の分析試論 · [2024年12月29日] 誤情報のグループ接触と個別接触分析: ダレイ・ケンドール型(1964年)、マキ・トンプソン型拡張(1973年)を含むハイパーグラフとスケールフリー(BA)構造のモレノモデル(2004年)に基づくゲーム理論的利得評価比較 · [2024年12月30日] 陰謀論の短期爆発と長期漂流を捉えるスケールフリー(BAモデル) ネットワークとハイパーグラフモデルによる先鋭コミュニティの分析:反証不能性を生む再編集による排他性と高強度ノードの効果 · [2025年1月1日] エコーチェンバーと孤立ノード: 自己増幅・反証拒否を持つ陰謀論の『頑強さ』とハイパーエッジ構造によるコミュニティ結合と排他性 · [2025年1月5日] 複層的陰謀論の緩慢な醸成と突然の過激化とスロークッキング現象: 多闇ネットワークモデルから考察する相互強化と長期持続","author":[{"family":"Kawahata","given":"Yasuko"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19115456","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19115456","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20408387","type":"article-journal","title":"Fiscal Capacity and Climate Finance Effectiveness in Sub-Saharan Africa","abstract":"Supplementary Materials Description Fiscal Capacity and Climate Finance Effectiveness in Sub-Saharan Africa 1. Dataset The supplementary data file (climate_finance_v3_data_2002_2023.xlsx) contains panel data for 40 Sub-Saharan African countries covering the period 2002 to 2023. The dataset includes 880 country-year observations across 33 variables, structured for replication of all analyses reported in the manuscript. 1.1 Variable Categories The variables are organised into the following categories: Category Variables Source Outcome variables SDG Index, HDI, Resilience Index, Energy Transition Index, Adaptive Capacity Index Sachs et al. (2024); UNDP (2024); author-constructed Climate finance Total climate finance, adaptation finance, mitigation finance (all as % of GDP) OECD CRS; Climate Funds Update Fiscal-governance capacity Fiscal-Governance Capacity Index (composite of tax revenue, government effectiveness, fiscal space, public investment intensity) IMF GFS; World Bank WGI; WDI Controls GDP per capita, population, trade openness, urbanisation, inflation, debt-to-GDP World Bank WDI; IMF WEO Interaction terms Climate finance x fiscal-governance capacity, adaptation x capacity, mitigation x capacity Author-constructed Shock variables Climate shock exposure, climate vulnerability, resource dependence, fragile state indicator Author-constructed; World Bank 1.2 Key Features of the Dataset • The Resilience Index (Version 3) excludes the fiscal-governance capacity index to avoid circularity. It is constructed from electricity access (35%), renewable energy (25%), life expectancy (25%), and gross fixed capital formation (15%), normalised to a 0 to 100 scale. • The Fiscal-Governance Capacity Index is a composite of four standardised components (tax revenue/GDP, government effectiveness, fiscal space, GFCF/GDP), averaged with equal weights and normalised to 0 to 100. • Climate finance is measured as commitments (not disbursements) expressed as a percentage of recipient GDP, harmonised from OECD CRS and Climate Funds Update data. • All monetary variables are in constant 2015 USD. Inflation is log-transformed as ln(1 + inflation). • Missing values in GFCF and public investment are imputed using country-means followed by global means where necessary. 1.3 Coverage Countries: 40 Sub-Saharan African nations including all major economies (Nigeria, South Africa, Kenya, Ghana, Ethiopia) and smaller states (Lesotho, Eswatini, Eritrea). Year range: 2002 to 2023. Panel is unbalanced due to data availability constraints in conflict-affected and small states. 2. Replication Codebook The replication codebook (replication_codebook_v3.pdf) provides complete Python code to reproduce all analyses in the manuscript. The codebook is organised into sequential sections corresponding to the tables and figures in the paper. 2.1 Structure of the Codebook Section Content Output 1. Setup Data loading, library imports Loaded dataset 2. Index construction Fiscal-governance capacity index construction (z-scores, equal weights, normalisation) Table 1 descriptive statistics 3. Outcome variables Resilience index, energy transition index, climate shock exposure Alternative dependent variables 4. Interactions and lags Core interaction terms, temporal lags, spatial lag instrument Variables for all models 5. Main analysis Pooled OLS, entity fixed effects, two-way fixed effects, IV/2SLS Tables 2 and 3 6. Mechanisms Public investment, electricity access, human capital as intermediate outcomes Table 5 (first three columns) 7. Alternative outcomes Resilience index and energy transition index regressions Table 5 (last two columns) 8. Robustness Winsorised, subsample (post-2010, post-2015, excluding South Africa), non-fragile Table 7 2.2 Software Requirements The replication code requires Python 3.8 or later with the following packages: pandas, numpy, statsmodels, linearmodels, and scipy. All packages are open-source and freely available via pip or conda. 2.3 How to Replicate ","author":[{"family":"Covenant University","given":"Ota"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20408387","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20408387","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20408388","type":"article-journal","title":"Fiscal Capacity and Climate Finance Effectiveness in Sub-Saharan Africa","abstract":"Supplementary Materials Description Fiscal Capacity and Climate Finance Effectiveness in Sub-Saharan Africa 1. Dataset The supplementary data file (climate_finance_v3_data_2002_2023.xlsx) contains panel data for 40 Sub-Saharan African countries covering the period 2002 to 2023. The dataset includes 880 country-year observations across 33 variables, structured for replication of all analyses reported in the manuscript. 1.1 Variable Categories The variables are organised into the following categories: Category Variables Source Outcome variables SDG Index, HDI, Resilience Index, Energy Transition Index, Adaptive Capacity Index Sachs et al. (2024); UNDP (2024); author-constructed Climate finance Total climate finance, adaptation finance, mitigation finance (all as % of GDP) OECD CRS; Climate Funds Update Fiscal-governance capacity Fiscal-Governance Capacity Index (composite of tax revenue, government effectiveness, fiscal space, public investment intensity) IMF GFS; World Bank WGI; WDI Controls GDP per capita, population, trade openness, urbanisation, inflation, debt-to-GDP World Bank WDI; IMF WEO Interaction terms Climate finance x fiscal-governance capacity, adaptation x capacity, mitigation x capacity Author-constructed Shock variables Climate shock exposure, climate vulnerability, resource dependence, fragile state indicator Author-constructed; World Bank 1.2 Key Features of the Dataset • The Resilience Index (Version 3) excludes the fiscal-governance capacity index to avoid circularity. It is constructed from electricity access (35%), renewable energy (25%), life expectancy (25%), and gross fixed capital formation (15%), normalised to a 0 to 100 scale. • The Fiscal-Governance Capacity Index is a composite of four standardised components (tax revenue/GDP, government effectiveness, fiscal space, GFCF/GDP), averaged with equal weights and normalised to 0 to 100. • Climate finance is measured as commitments (not disbursements) expressed as a percentage of recipient GDP, harmonised from OECD CRS and Climate Funds Update data. • All monetary variables are in constant 2015 USD. Inflation is log-transformed as ln(1 + inflation). • Missing values in GFCF and public investment are imputed using country-means followed by global means where necessary. 1.3 Coverage Countries: 40 Sub-Saharan African nations including all major economies (Nigeria, South Africa, Kenya, Ghana, Ethiopia) and smaller states (Lesotho, Eswatini, Eritrea). Year range: 2002 to 2023. Panel is unbalanced due to data availability constraints in conflict-affected and small states. 2. Replication Codebook The replication codebook (replication_codebook_v3.pdf) provides complete Python code to reproduce all analyses in the manuscript. The codebook is organised into sequential sections corresponding to the tables and figures in the paper. 2.1 Structure of the Codebook Section Content Output 1. Setup Data loading, library imports Loaded dataset 2. Index construction Fiscal-governance capacity index construction (z-scores, equal weights, normalisation) Table 1 descriptive statistics 3. Outcome variables Resilience index, energy transition index, climate shock exposure Alternative dependent variables 4. Interactions and lags Core interaction terms, temporal lags, spatial lag instrument Variables for all models 5. Main analysis Pooled OLS, entity fixed effects, two-way fixed effects, IV/2SLS Tables 2 and 3 6. Mechanisms Public investment, electricity access, human capital as intermediate outcomes Table 5 (first three columns) 7. Alternative outcomes Resilience index and energy transition index regressions Table 5 (last two columns) 8. Robustness Winsorised, subsample (post-2010, post-2015, excluding South Africa), non-fragile Table 7 2.2 Software Requirements The replication code requires Python 3.8 or later with the following packages: pandas, numpy, statsmodels, linearmodels, and scipy. All packages are open-source and freely available via pip or conda. 2.3 How to Replicate ","author":[{"family":"Covenant University","given":"Ota"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20408388","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20408388","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21397807","type":"article-journal","title":"COPPER: DEMAND, SUPPLY, AND STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE IN THE FUTURE ECONOMY","abstract":"Copper is a unique metal with exceptional physical and chemical properties, including high electrical and thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, and recyclability. These characteristics make copper indispensable for modern technologies ranging from renewable energy systems and electric vehicles to AI-driven data centers and digital infrastructure. Global copper reserves were estimated at 980 million metric tons in 2024, while identified and undiscovered resources exceeded 5,600 million metric tons. Global mine production reached 23 million metric tons, yet consumption surpassed 26 million metric tons, driven largely by China and other industrial economies. Average copper prices in 2024 stood at around $8,400 per metric ton, reflecting supply constraints and rising demand. This thesis highlights copper’s strategic role in achieving net-zero goals, emphasizing the paradox between rising demand for green technologies and resistance to mining expansion. Declining ore grades (down 40% since 1991), increasing labor and energy costs, and tariff pressures necessitate innovative extraction technologies, automation, and expanded recycling. The study underscores the importance of adopting international standards and sustainable practices to ensure long-term supply security.","author":[{"family":"Zikriyoev","given":"Sharofkhon"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21397807","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21397807","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21397808","type":"article-journal","title":"COPPER: DEMAND, SUPPLY, AND STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE IN THE FUTURE ECONOMY","abstract":"Copper is a unique metal with exceptional physical and chemical properties, including high electrical and thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, and recyclability. These characteristics make copper indispensable for modern technologies ranging from renewable energy systems and electric vehicles to AI-driven data centers and digital infrastructure. Global copper reserves were estimated at 980 million metric tons in 2024, while identified and undiscovered resources exceeded 5,600 million metric tons. Global mine production reached 23 million metric tons, yet consumption surpassed 26 million metric tons, driven largely by China and other industrial economies. Average copper prices in 2024 stood at around $8,400 per metric ton, reflecting supply constraints and rising demand. This thesis highlights copper’s strategic role in achieving net-zero goals, emphasizing the paradox between rising demand for green technologies and resistance to mining expansion. Declining ore grades (down 40% since 1991), increasing labor and energy costs, and tariff pressures necessitate innovative extraction technologies, automation, and expanded recycling. The study underscores the importance of adopting international standards and sustainable practices to ensure long-term supply security.","author":[{"family":"Zikriyoev","given":"Sharofkhon"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21397808","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21397808","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20302420","type":"article-journal","title":"UZBEKISTAN'S GREEN INDUSTRY CHALLENGE: MODERNIZING SOVIET-ERA PRODUCTION FOR A LOW-CARBON FUTURE","abstract":"This study examines Uzbekistan's transition from Soviet-era industrial infrastructure to a modern, low-carbon economy. The research analyzes the country's current greenhouse gas emissions profile, policy frameworks, renewable energy initiatives, and barriers to comprehensive industrial modernization. Data were collected from multiple international sources including the World Bank, International Energy Agency, CEIC Data, Worldometer, and government documents covering the period 2017-2024. Results indicate that despite achieving a 51% reduction in carbon intensity per unit of GDP between 2010 and 2021, absolute CO₂ emissions increased 25.7% from 2017 to 2023, reaching 137.9 million tonnes. Renewable energy capacity expanded dramatically from near-zero solar installations in 2019 to 1.8 GW by 2023, with targets of 27 GW and 40% renewable electricity by 2030. However, significant barriers persist including capital constraints requiring $20-30 billion investment, technical capacity gaps, regulatory enforcement weaknesses, and aging industrial infrastructure averaging over 30 years. The study concludes that while Uzbekistan has made substantial policy commitments and renewable energy progress, achieving comprehensive industrial decarbonization will require sustained international cooperation, massive capital mobilization, technical capacity building, and coordinated social support programs for affected workers.","author":[{"family":"Ubaydullayevich","given":"Ibragimov"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20302420","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20302420","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20302421","type":"article-journal","title":"UZBEKISTAN'S GREEN INDUSTRY CHALLENGE: MODERNIZING SOVIET-ERA PRODUCTION FOR A LOW-CARBON FUTURE","abstract":"This study examines Uzbekistan's transition from Soviet-era industrial infrastructure to a modern, low-carbon economy. The research analyzes the country's current greenhouse gas emissions profile, policy frameworks, renewable energy initiatives, and barriers to comprehensive industrial modernization. Data were collected from multiple international sources including the World Bank, International Energy Agency, CEIC Data, Worldometer, and government documents covering the period 2017-2024. Results indicate that despite achieving a 51% reduction in carbon intensity per unit of GDP between 2010 and 2021, absolute CO₂ emissions increased 25.7% from 2017 to 2023, reaching 137.9 million tonnes. Renewable energy capacity expanded dramatically from near-zero solar installations in 2019 to 1.8 GW by 2023, with targets of 27 GW and 40% renewable electricity by 2030. However, significant barriers persist including capital constraints requiring $20-30 billion investment, technical capacity gaps, regulatory enforcement weaknesses, and aging industrial infrastructure averaging over 30 years. The study concludes that while Uzbekistan has made substantial policy commitments and renewable energy progress, achieving comprehensive industrial decarbonization will require sustained international cooperation, massive capital mobilization, technical capacity building, and coordinated social support programs for affected workers.","author":[{"family":"Ubaydullayevich","given":"Ibragimov"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20302421","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20302421","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21968396","type":"article-journal","title":"Deposit_STEg_power_500 MW","abstract":"===================================================================== ZENODO DEPOSIT — METADATA FIELDS Copy-paste into the Zenodo upload form (https://zenodo.org/deposit/new)====================================================================== --- TITLE --- Replication code and data for: \"Optimal PV Siting for 500 MW Integration in the Southern Tunisian Grid: Cross-Validated Stochastic Quasi-Dynamic OPF\" --- UPLOAD TYPE --- Software --- DESCRIPTION (HTML — paste into the Zenodo description box) --- This repository provides the complete MATLAB simulation framework for replicating all results reported in: Y. Ben Salem and M. Aoun, \"Optimal PV Siting for 500 MW Integration in the Southern Tunisian Grid: Cross-Validated Stochastic Quasi-Dynamic OPF,\" 2026. The study addresses the optimal placement of 500 MW of utility-scale photovoltaic (PV) generation across six candidate sites in the southern Tunisian 150 kV transmission network operated by STEG. This capacity is directly comparable to the 598 MW concession pipeline contracted by STEG in 2024–2025. The framework combines particle swarm optimisation (PSO) with AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) on a validated 31-bus MATPOWER model, extending a static 300 MW companion study to a temporal, stochastic, and parametric assessment at 500 MW. Contents MATPOWER case file ( case_steg_sud_v2.m ): 31-bus, 150 kV network model validated against 2021 operational measurements (MAE = 1.56%, max deviation = 2.76%). Quasi-dynamic 24-hour sequential OPF : 216 AC-OPF simulations across 3 seasonal days × 24 hours × 3 siting strategies. Probabilistic PV forecast generator : Gaussian-copula-based stochastic model combining Beta-distributed marginals, AR(1) temporal correlation (ρ = 0.70), and Cholesky-factorised spatial correlation (d₀ = 100 km). Monte Carlo stochastic evaluation : 24,000 AC-OPF solutions over 500 irradiance scenarios, with CVaR₉₅ risk assessment. PSO siting optimisation with 30-restart multi-start validation (CV = 0.21%). Cross-validation against Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Grey Wolf Optimiser (GWO). Impedance sensitivity analysis : per-site robustness index I_R under ±10% network parameter uncertainty. Temporal re-optimisation across 5 seasonal load scenarios (f_c ∈ {0.45, 0.60, 0.75, 0.80, 1.00}). N-1 contingency screening : 42-branch security assessment at summer peak PV and winter peak load. Statistical analysis : bootstrap confidence intervals, paired Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, Cohen's d effect sizes. Key findings replicated by this code A reverse power flow regime emerges at 500 MW, with a load-factor crossover at f*_c ≈ 0.77. PSO-S3 reduces expected losses by 27.6 MWh/day (−4.5%) with a CVaR₉₅ cost premium of only +0.75%. Four of six candidate sites exhibit I_R &lt; 5% (very robust), carrying 94% of the optimal capacity. The siting recommendation is algorithm-independent (PSO–GWO gap: 0.18%, r = 0.99). Requirements MATLAB R2024b or later MATPOWER 8.1 ( https://matpower.org ) Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox Optimisation Toolbox (for GA comparator) Reproducibility All random seeds are fixed ( rng(42) ). A master script ( results/run_all.m ) reproduces all 16 tables and 10 figures from the manuscript. Expected runtime: ~45 minutes on an Intel Xeon workstation (single-threaded). --- AUTHORS --- 1. Ben Salem, Yassine — University of Gabès, Tunisia (ORCID: xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx)2. Aoun, Mohamed — University of Gabès, Tunisia (ORCID: xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx) --- AFFILIATIONS --- MACS Laboratory (Modelling, Analysis and Control of Systems),National Engineering School of Gabès, University of Gabès, Tunisia --- LICENSE --- MIT License --- KEYWORDS --- PV siting; Particle swarm optimisation; AC optimal power flow; Stochastic simulation; MATPOWER; Tunisian transmission network; STEG; Renewable energy integration; Monte Carlo; CVaR; Gaussian copula; Grey Wolf Optimiser --- RELATED IDENTIFIERS --- Type: \"Is supplement to\"Identifier: [DOI of the published article, once available] Type: \"Refer","author":[{"family":"Ben Salem","given":"Yassine"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21968396","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21968396","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21968397","type":"article-journal","title":"Deposit_STEg_power_500 MW","abstract":"===================================================================== ZENODO DEPOSIT — METADATA FIELDS Copy-paste into the Zenodo upload form (https://zenodo.org/deposit/new)====================================================================== --- TITLE --- Replication code and data for: \"Optimal PV Siting for 500 MW Integration in the Southern Tunisian Grid: Cross-Validated Stochastic Quasi-Dynamic OPF\" --- UPLOAD TYPE --- Software --- DESCRIPTION (HTML — paste into the Zenodo description box) --- This repository provides the complete MATLAB simulation framework for replicating all results reported in: Y. Ben Salem and M. Aoun, \"Optimal PV Siting for 500 MW Integration in the Southern Tunisian Grid: Cross-Validated Stochastic Quasi-Dynamic OPF,\" 2026. The study addresses the optimal placement of 500 MW of utility-scale photovoltaic (PV) generation across six candidate sites in the southern Tunisian 150 kV transmission network operated by STEG. This capacity is directly comparable to the 598 MW concession pipeline contracted by STEG in 2024–2025. The framework combines particle swarm optimisation (PSO) with AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) on a validated 31-bus MATPOWER model, extending a static 300 MW companion study to a temporal, stochastic, and parametric assessment at 500 MW. Contents MATPOWER case file ( case_steg_sud_v2.m ): 31-bus, 150 kV network model validated against 2021 operational measurements (MAE = 1.56%, max deviation = 2.76%). Quasi-dynamic 24-hour sequential OPF : 216 AC-OPF simulations across 3 seasonal days × 24 hours × 3 siting strategies. Probabilistic PV forecast generator : Gaussian-copula-based stochastic model combining Beta-distributed marginals, AR(1) temporal correlation (ρ = 0.70), and Cholesky-factorised spatial correlation (d₀ = 100 km). Monte Carlo stochastic evaluation : 24,000 AC-OPF solutions over 500 irradiance scenarios, with CVaR₉₅ risk assessment. PSO siting optimisation with 30-restart multi-start validation (CV = 0.21%). Cross-validation against Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Grey Wolf Optimiser (GWO). Impedance sensitivity analysis : per-site robustness index I_R under ±10% network parameter uncertainty. Temporal re-optimisation across 5 seasonal load scenarios (f_c ∈ {0.45, 0.60, 0.75, 0.80, 1.00}). N-1 contingency screening : 42-branch security assessment at summer peak PV and winter peak load. Statistical analysis : bootstrap confidence intervals, paired Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, Cohen's d effect sizes. Key findings replicated by this code A reverse power flow regime emerges at 500 MW, with a load-factor crossover at f*_c ≈ 0.77. PSO-S3 reduces expected losses by 27.6 MWh/day (−4.5%) with a CVaR₉₅ cost premium of only +0.75%. Four of six candidate sites exhibit I_R &lt; 5% (very robust), carrying 94% of the optimal capacity. The siting recommendation is algorithm-independent (PSO–GWO gap: 0.18%, r = 0.99). Requirements MATLAB R2024b or later MATPOWER 8.1 ( https://matpower.org ) Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox Optimisation Toolbox (for GA comparator) Reproducibility All random seeds are fixed ( rng(42) ). A master script ( results/run_all.m ) reproduces all 16 tables and 10 figures from the manuscript. Expected runtime: ~45 minutes on an Intel Xeon workstation (single-threaded). --- AUTHORS --- 1. Ben Salem, Yassine — University of Gabès, Tunisia (ORCID: xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx)2. Aoun, Mohamed — University of Gabès, Tunisia (ORCID: xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx) --- AFFILIATIONS --- MACS Laboratory (Modelling, Analysis and Control of Systems),National Engineering School of Gabès, University of Gabès, Tunisia --- LICENSE --- MIT License --- KEYWORDS --- PV siting; Particle swarm optimisation; AC optimal power flow; Stochastic simulation; MATPOWER; Tunisian transmission network; STEG; Renewable energy integration; Monte Carlo; CVaR; Gaussian copula; Grey Wolf Optimiser --- RELATED IDENTIFIERS --- Type: \"Is supplement to\"Identifier: [DOI of the published article, once available] Type: \"Refer","author":[{"family":"Ben Salem","given":"Yassine"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21968397","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21968397","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.61435/ijred.2025.60680","type":"article-journal","title":"Economic dispatch model of renewable energy system considering demand response","abstract":"Due to the intermittency and volatility of renewable energy, the system stability is poor and the operating cost is high. This study proposes an economic dispatch model for renewable energy systems based on a demand response model and differential evolution algorithm. A demand response model based on real-time flexible tariffs is combined with charging and discharging strategies for electric vehicles to optimize flexible load dispatch in the system. This combination is intended to improve the efficiency and reliability of grid operation. The traditional differential evolution algorithm is prone to getting stuck in local optima. Given this, this study introduces a deterministic sequence-improved differential evolution algorithm to enhance population diversity and local search ability, significantly improving the global search performance and convergence efficiency of the algorithm. To validate the effectiveness of the model, function extremum and system operation simulation experiments are designed. The results showed that the improved algorithm had a variance of 0 and an optimal value of 10-30 on multi-modal functions, and a variance of 0 and an optimal value of 10-3.5 on fixed dimensional functions. After considering demand response, the peak valley difference in electricity consumption between renewable energy systems A and B was 90.15MW and 527.55MW, with fluctuations of 36.57MW and 201.79MW, and operating costs of 46058.76 yuan and 52.3315 million yuan, respectively. Research findings indicate that the electric energy coordination and economic management of this model have been significantly enhanced. These enhancements effectively ensure efficient energy utilization, facilitate the safe and stable operation of the system, and provide a novel theoretical foundation for the optimization and scheduling of renewable energy systems.","author":[{"family":"Guo","given":"Shiqin"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.61435/ijred.2025.60680","URL":"https://doi.org/10.61435/ijred.2025.60680","source":"crossref"},{"id":"doi:10.31224/5571","type":"article-journal","title":"Renewable Energy Is Nuclear","abstract":"Solar, wind, and hydroelectric power are nuclear energy. These technologies collect energy from the Sun's fusion reactor through different transformation pathways. The distinction between \"renewable\" and \"nuclear\" energy is incoherent: renewable sources are powered by nuclear fusion at 93 million miles. If solar energy qualifies as renewable because the Sun will fuse hydrogen for 5 billion years, then nuclear fusion itself is renewable. By the same metric that classifies fossil fuels as non-renewable (finite supply), terrestrial fusion is the most renewable energy source: its fuel supply lasts 30 billion years, six times longer than the Sun. The debate is not whether to use nuclear energy. We already do. The debate is whether to supplement diffuse, intermittent collection from the Sun with concentrated, dispatchable terrestrial generation. This is an engineering question about proximity, control, and acceptable risk not a categorical choice between fundamentally different energy sources.","author":[{"family":"Oliver","given":"James"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.31224/5571","URL":"https://doi.org/10.31224/5571","source":"crossref"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21207575","type":"article-journal","title":"fuel","abstract":"Two good questions, and the second one needs a quick reframe because \"days\" means something completely different now that this is a fuel. Let me check the current commercial picture.Yes — and here's the slightly wild part: the Tier 1 version doesn't just exist, it's one of the largest renewable fuels on the planet. What we sketched as your \"synthetic push-beyond\" is essentially a real, mature commercial product, and animal fat is one of its main feedstocks. Neste's MY Renewable Diesel — an HVO100 fuel — is produced from renewable raw materials whose top three ingredients are usually animal fat waste, used cooking oil, and residues from vegetable oil processing. Diamond Green Diesel, a Valero/Darling joint venture and one of the world's largest producers, runs on recycled animal fats and used cooking oil, hydrotreating them with high-pressure hydrogen and then isomerizing to fix cold-flow. That's exactly the Tier 1 process flow — feedstock cleanup, hydrotreat, isomerize. Tallow specifically is now one of the most-traded lipid feedstocks for HVO and SAF, its saturated C16:0/C18:0 profile producing high-quality renewable diesel with excellent cold flow, processed by Neste, ENI, Preem and others. US HVO output alone was estimated to exceed 22 billion liters by the end of 2025. So your instinct was sound — you independently reinvented HEFA/HVO renewable diesel, which is genuinely the right way to make a fuel from tallow. The only thing that was speculative was the framing; the chemistry is proven at billion-gallon scale. Tier 2 (Fischer-Tropsch / BTL from gasified feedstock) also exists but is far less common commercially, and true e-fuels are still emerging. Now, \"how much further, days-wise\" — this needs a reframe. The 7-day and 21-day numbers in your original document were adhesion window — how long a coating clings to a surface. For a combusted fuel, that metric doesn't just disappear, it inverts: you actively don't want fuel adhering to anything for days, because that's injector coking. So \"days\" stops meaning adhesion. The meaningful \"days\" number for a fuel is storage/shelf life — how long it stays good in the tank before oxidizing. And that's where the synthetic version genuinely crushes biodiesel: Biodiesel (FAME) is the weak one here — it oxidizes, and depending on stabilizer load its practical storage life runs roughly 6 months to a year, and it's prone to microbial growth in the tank. Renewable diesel, by contrast, has high oxidative stability, degrades far more slowly, and enables storage periods of up to 10 years under appropriate conditions, without the bacterial-growth susceptibility of biodiesel. So in the units you were tracking: you go from roughly 180–365 days (biodiesel) to about 3,650 days (synthetic HVO) — call it a 10-to-20× jump in shelf stability. That's the real \"how much further,\" and it comes for free from the molecule itself, not from an additive you have to keep topping up. Two smaller bonuses that ride along: tallow-based renewable diesel carries an energy content around 35–37 MJ/kg and delivers roughly a 74–82% lifecycle GHG reduction versus petroleum diesel, per standard GREET modeling. So the synthetic route buys you longevity, cleaner combustion, and a much better carbon profile in one move. Want me to put together a clean comparison table — biodiesel vs your synthetic HVO vs fossil diesel across cetane, cold-flow, shelf life, energy density, and emissions — so the \"how much further\" is visible at a glance? escription.","author":[{"family":"Lee","given":"Francis"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21207575","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21207575","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21505044","type":"article-journal","title":"The Secondary Signature of Immune System  - The Architecture of Secondary Stage - Sam Coole 2026 ©️","abstract":"The Secondary Signature of the Immune System Framework / The Architecture of Secondary Stage Anti-Cooling-Coding-Maintenance (ACCM) Author: Sam Coole‌ Foreword This work is not a minor revision to existing immunology—it is a paradigm reset. For decades, the field of virology and immunology has operated under a foundational logical inversion: it attributes agency, intention, and active control to inanimate viral particles, while framing the human host as a passive, vulnerable \"victim\" of invasion. This narrative violates the most basic established definitions of virology: viruses are entirely passive entities, devoid of independent metabolism, no capacity to generate their own ATP, no ability to synthesize glucose or structural materials, and zero intentionality of any kind. The Secondary Signature of the Immune System framework, anchored to the Anti-Cooling-Coding-Maintenance (ACCM) architecture, dismantles this long-standing fallacy. Every observed phenomenon previously labeled \"viral infection,\" \"viral hijacking,\" \"latent reservoir,\" or \"viral reactivation\" is redefined here as a traceable, host-authored operational step. These are not the footprints of a pathogen invading a helpless system—they are the Secondary Signature: the deliberate, layered output of the human immune system executing a sophisticated, evolutionarily refined defense protocol. This long-form pre-book manuscript compiles every core argument, mechanistic derivation, and paradigm shift developed across our full collaborative research corpus, with no compression, no oversimplification, and no compromise to the absolute sovereignty of the host genome. Chapter 1: The Foundational Logical Fallacy of Modern Virology 1.1 The Unspoken Contradiction at the Heart of the Field Modern immunology operates with a glaring double standard that has remained unchallenged for generations. When a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) releases perforin and granzymes to eliminate a cancer cell, the entire scientific community unreservedly attributes 100% of that action to the host. No paper describes this event as \"the cancer cell being hijacked by the granzyme to induce its own death.\" The agency is universally, correctly assigned to the host immune cell. Yet the moment a viral particle makes contact with a CD4+ T cell, this standard collapses entirely. The field immediately reverses the authorship: it claims the inanimate, metabolically inert virus \"hijacks\" the cell, \"takes over\" its entire machinery, and becomes the active protagonist of every subsequent molecular event. This is not a minor interpretive difference—it is a fundamental violation of the most basic established definitions of virology. The international consensus definition of a virus explicitly states that these entities are fully passive. They possess no independent motility, no metabolic pathways to generate energy, no ribosomes to synthesize proteins, and no neural or molecular system to encode intentionality. It is physically inconceivable for such an entity to \"seize control\" of a living human cell, a system that independently produces all its own ATP, synthesizes all its own structural components, and operates under layers of tightly regulated biochemical checkpoints. The idea that an inert particle could override this entire architecture is not just unproven—it is logically incoherent. 1.2 The Language That Creates a False Narrative The term \"host\" itself has been linguistically corrupted to imply \"victim.\" This is a deliberate, unexamined framing that distorts every subsequent analysis. By labeling the human body a \"host\" in the context of viral disease, the field pre-emptively surrenders all agency to the pathogen, before a single mechanistic step is even observed. This linguistic fallacy ripples through every corner of the research ecosystem. When scientists describe \"viral entry,\" \"viral replication,\" or \"viral latency,\" they are not describing actions performed by the virus—they are describing host processes","author":[{"family":"Coole","given":"Sam"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21505044","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21505044","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21505045","type":"article-journal","title":"The Secondary Signature of Immune System  - The Architecture of Secondary Stage - Sam Coole 2026 ©️","abstract":"The Secondary Signature of the Immune System Framework / The Architecture of Secondary Stage Anti-Cooling-Coding-Maintenance (ACCM) Author: Sam Coole‌ Foreword This work is not a minor revision to existing immunology—it is a paradigm reset. For decades, the field of virology and immunology has operated under a foundational logical inversion: it attributes agency, intention, and active control to inanimate viral particles, while framing the human host as a passive, vulnerable \"victim\" of invasion. This narrative violates the most basic established definitions of virology: viruses are entirely passive entities, devoid of independent metabolism, no capacity to generate their own ATP, no ability to synthesize glucose or structural materials, and zero intentionality of any kind. The Secondary Signature of the Immune System framework, anchored to the Anti-Cooling-Coding-Maintenance (ACCM) architecture, dismantles this long-standing fallacy. Every observed phenomenon previously labeled \"viral infection,\" \"viral hijacking,\" \"latent reservoir,\" or \"viral reactivation\" is redefined here as a traceable, host-authored operational step. These are not the footprints of a pathogen invading a helpless system—they are the Secondary Signature: the deliberate, layered output of the human immune system executing a sophisticated, evolutionarily refined defense protocol. This long-form pre-book manuscript compiles every core argument, mechanistic derivation, and paradigm shift developed across our full collaborative research corpus, with no compression, no oversimplification, and no compromise to the absolute sovereignty of the host genome. Chapter 1: The Foundational Logical Fallacy of Modern Virology 1.1 The Unspoken Contradiction at the Heart of the Field Modern immunology operates with a glaring double standard that has remained unchallenged for generations. When a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) releases perforin and granzymes to eliminate a cancer cell, the entire scientific community unreservedly attributes 100% of that action to the host. No paper describes this event as \"the cancer cell being hijacked by the granzyme to induce its own death.\" The agency is universally, correctly assigned to the host immune cell. Yet the moment a viral particle makes contact with a CD4+ T cell, this standard collapses entirely. The field immediately reverses the authorship: it claims the inanimate, metabolically inert virus \"hijacks\" the cell, \"takes over\" its entire machinery, and becomes the active protagonist of every subsequent molecular event. This is not a minor interpretive difference—it is a fundamental violation of the most basic established definitions of virology. The international consensus definition of a virus explicitly states that these entities are fully passive. They possess no independent motility, no metabolic pathways to generate energy, no ribosomes to synthesize proteins, and no neural or molecular system to encode intentionality. It is physically inconceivable for such an entity to \"seize control\" of a living human cell, a system that independently produces all its own ATP, synthesizes all its own structural components, and operates under layers of tightly regulated biochemical checkpoints. The idea that an inert particle could override this entire architecture is not just unproven—it is logically incoherent. 1.2 The Language That Creates a False Narrative The term \"host\" itself has been linguistically corrupted to imply \"victim.\" This is a deliberate, unexamined framing that distorts every subsequent analysis. By labeling the human body a \"host\" in the context of viral disease, the field pre-emptively surrenders all agency to the pathogen, before a single mechanistic step is even observed. This linguistic fallacy ripples through every corner of the research ecosystem. When scientists describe \"viral entry,\" \"viral replication,\" or \"viral latency,\" they are not describing actions performed by the virus—they are describing host processes","author":[{"family":"Coole","given":"Sam"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21505045","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21505045","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21505227","type":"article-journal","title":"The Secondary Signature of Immune System  - The Architecture of Secondary Stage - Sam Coole 2026 ©️","abstract":"The Secondary Signature of the Immune System Framework / The Architecture of Secondary Stage Anti-Cooling-Coding-Maintenance (ACCM) Author: Sam Coole‌ Foreword This work is not a minor revision to existing immunology—it is a paradigm reset. For decades, the field of virology and immunology has operated under a foundational logical inversion: it attributes agency, intention, and active control to inanimate viral particles, while framing the human host as a passive, vulnerable \"victim\" of invasion. This narrative violates the most basic established definitions of virology: viruses are entirely passive entities, devoid of independent metabolism, no capacity to generate their own ATP, no ability to synthesize glucose or structural materials, and zero intentionality of any kind. The Secondary Signature of the Immune System framework, anchored to the Anti-Cooling-Coding-Maintenance (ACCM) architecture, dismantles this long-standing fallacy. Every observed phenomenon previously labeled \"viral infection,\" \"viral hijacking,\" \"latent reservoir,\" or \"viral reactivation\" is redefined here as a traceable, host-authored operational step. These are not the footprints of a pathogen invading a helpless system—they are the Secondary Signature: the deliberate, layered output of the human immune system executing a sophisticated, evolutionarily refined defense protocol. This long-form pre-book manuscript compiles every core argument, mechanistic derivation, and paradigm shift developed across our full collaborative research corpus, with no compression, no oversimplification, and no compromise to the absolute sovereignty of the host genome. Chapter 1: The Foundational Logical Fallacy of Modern Virology 1.1 The Unspoken Contradiction at the Heart of the Field Modern immunology operates with a glaring double standard that has remained unchallenged for generations. When a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) releases perforin and granzymes to eliminate a cancer cell, the entire scientific community unreservedly attributes 100% of that action to the host. No paper describes this event as \"the cancer cell being hijacked by the granzyme to induce its own death.\" The agency is universally, correctly assigned to the host immune cell. Yet the moment a viral particle makes contact with a CD4+ T cell, this standard collapses entirely. The field immediately reverses the authorship: it claims the inanimate, metabolically inert virus \"hijacks\" the cell, \"takes over\" its entire machinery, and becomes the active protagonist of every subsequent molecular event. This is not a minor interpretive difference—it is a fundamental violation of the most basic established definitions of virology. The international consensus definition of a virus explicitly states that these entities are fully passive. They possess no independent motility, no metabolic pathways to generate energy, no ribosomes to synthesize proteins, and no neural or molecular system to encode intentionality. It is physically inconceivable for such an entity to \"seize control\" of a living human cell, a system that independently produces all its own ATP, synthesizes all its own structural components, and operates under layers of tightly regulated biochemical checkpoints. The idea that an inert particle could override this entire architecture is not just unproven—it is logically incoherent. 1.2 The Language That Creates a False Narrative The term \"host\" itself has been linguistically corrupted to imply \"victim.\" This is a deliberate, unexamined framing that distorts every subsequent analysis. By labeling the human body a \"host\" in the context of viral disease, the field pre-emptively surrenders all agency to the pathogen, before a single mechanistic step is even observed. This linguistic fallacy ripples through every corner of the research ecosystem. When scientists describe \"viral entry,\" \"viral replication,\" or \"viral latency,\" they are not describing actions performed by the virus—they are describing host processes","author":[{"family":"Coole","given":"Sam"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21505227","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21505227","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21505239","type":"article-journal","title":"The Secondary Signature of Immune System  - The Architecture of Secondary Stage - Sam Coole 2026 ©️","abstract":"The Secondary Signature of the Immune System Framework / The Architecture of Secondary Stage Anti-Cooling-Coding-Maintenance (ACCM) Author: Sam Coole‌ Foreword This work is not a minor revision to existing immunology—it is a paradigm reset. For decades, the field of virology and immunology has operated under a foundational logical inversion: it attributes agency, intention, and active control to inanimate viral particles, while framing the human host as a passive, vulnerable \"victim\" of invasion. This narrative violates the most basic established definitions of virology: viruses are entirely passive entities, devoid of independent metabolism, no capacity to generate their own ATP, no ability to synthesize glucose or structural materials, and zero intentionality of any kind. The Secondary Signature of the Immune System framework, anchored to the Anti-Cooling-Coding-Maintenance (ACCM) architecture, dismantles this long-standing fallacy. Every observed phenomenon previously labeled \"viral infection,\" \"viral hijacking,\" \"latent reservoir,\" or \"viral reactivation\" is redefined here as a traceable, host-authored operational step. These are not the footprints of a pathogen invading a helpless system—they are the Secondary Signature: the deliberate, layered output of the human immune system executing a sophisticated, evolutionarily refined defense protocol. This long-form pre-book manuscript compiles every core argument, mechanistic derivation, and paradigm shift developed across our full collaborative research corpus, with no compression, no oversimplification, and no compromise to the absolute sovereignty of the host genome. Chapter 1: The Foundational Logical Fallacy of Modern Virology 1.1 The Unspoken Contradiction at the Heart of the Field Modern immunology operates with a glaring double standard that has remained unchallenged for generations. When a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) releases perforin and granzymes to eliminate a cancer cell, the entire scientific community unreservedly attributes 100% of that action to the host. No paper describes this event as \"the cancer cell being hijacked by the granzyme to induce its own death.\" The agency is universally, correctly assigned to the host immune cell. Yet the moment a viral particle makes contact with a CD4+ T cell, this standard collapses entirely. The field immediately reverses the authorship: it claims the inanimate, metabolically inert virus \"hijacks\" the cell, \"takes over\" its entire machinery, and becomes the active protagonist of every subsequent molecular event. This is not a minor interpretive difference—it is a fundamental violation of the most basic established definitions of virology. The international consensus definition of a virus explicitly states that these entities are fully passive. They possess no independent motility, no metabolic pathways to generate energy, no ribosomes to synthesize proteins, and no neural or molecular system to encode intentionality. It is physically inconceivable for such an entity to \"seize control\" of a living human cell, a system that independently produces all its own ATP, synthesizes all its own structural components, and operates under layers of tightly regulated biochemical checkpoints. The idea that an inert particle could override this entire architecture is not just unproven—it is logically incoherent. 1.2 The Language That Creates a False Narrative The term \"host\" itself has been linguistically corrupted to imply \"victim.\" This is a deliberate, unexamined framing that distorts every subsequent analysis. By labeling the human body a \"host\" in the context of viral disease, the field pre-emptively surrenders all agency to the pathogen, before a single mechanistic step is even observed. This linguistic fallacy ripples through every corner of the research ecosystem. When scientists describe \"viral entry,\" \"viral replication,\" or \"viral latency,\" they are not describing actions performed by the virus—they are describing host processes","author":[{"family":"Coole","given":"Sam"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21505239","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21505239","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21505264","type":"article-journal","title":"The Secondary Signature of Immune System  - The Architecture of Secondary Stage - Sam Coole 2026 ©️","abstract":"The Secondary Signature of the Immune System Framework / The Architecture of Secondary Stage Anti-Cooling-Coding-Maintenance (ACCM) Author: Sam Coole‌ Foreword This work is not a minor revision to existing immunology—it is a paradigm reset. For decades, the field of virology and immunology has operated under a foundational logical inversion: it attributes agency, intention, and active control to inanimate viral particles, while framing the human host as a passive, vulnerable \"victim\" of invasion. This narrative violates the most basic established definitions of virology: viruses are entirely passive entities, devoid of independent metabolism, no capacity to generate their own ATP, no ability to synthesize glucose or structural materials, and zero intentionality of any kind. The Secondary Signature of the Immune System framework, anchored to the Anti-Cooling-Coding-Maintenance (ACCM) architecture, dismantles this long-standing fallacy. Every observed phenomenon previously labeled \"viral infection,\" \"viral hijacking,\" \"latent reservoir,\" or \"viral reactivation\" is redefined here as a traceable, host-authored operational step. These are not the footprints of a pathogen invading a helpless system—they are the Secondary Signature: the deliberate, layered output of the human immune system executing a sophisticated, evolutionarily refined defense protocol. This long-form pre-book manuscript compiles every core argument, mechanistic derivation, and paradigm shift developed across our full collaborative research corpus, with no compression, no oversimplification, and no compromise to the absolute sovereignty of the host genome. Chapter 1: The Foundational Logical Fallacy of Modern Virology 1.1 The Unspoken Contradiction at the Heart of the Field Modern immunology operates with a glaring double standard that has remained unchallenged for generations. When a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) releases perforin and granzymes to eliminate a cancer cell, the entire scientific community unreservedly attributes 100% of that action to the host. No paper describes this event as \"the cancer cell being hijacked by the granzyme to induce its own death.\" The agency is universally, correctly assigned to the host immune cell. Yet the moment a viral particle makes contact with a CD4+ T cell, this standard collapses entirely. The field immediately reverses the authorship: it claims the inanimate, metabolically inert virus \"hijacks\" the cell, \"takes over\" its entire machinery, and becomes the active protagonist of every subsequent molecular event. This is not a minor interpretive difference—it is a fundamental violation of the most basic established definitions of virology. The international consensus definition of a virus explicitly states that these entities are fully passive. They possess no independent motility, no metabolic pathways to generate energy, no ribosomes to synthesize proteins, and no neural or molecular system to encode intentionality. It is physically inconceivable for such an entity to \"seize control\" of a living human cell, a system that independently produces all its own ATP, synthesizes all its own structural components, and operates under layers of tightly regulated biochemical checkpoints. The idea that an inert particle could override this entire architecture is not just unproven—it is logically incoherent. 1.2 The Language That Creates a False Narrative The term \"host\" itself has been linguistically corrupted to imply \"victim.\" This is a deliberate, unexamined framing that distorts every subsequent analysis. By labeling the human body a \"host\" in the context of viral disease, the field pre-emptively surrenders all agency to the pathogen, before a single mechanistic step is even observed. This linguistic fallacy ripples through every corner of the research ecosystem. When scientists describe \"viral entry,\" \"viral replication,\" or \"viral latency,\" they are not describing actions performed by the virus—they are describing host processes","author":[{"family":"Coole","given":"Sam"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21505264","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21505264","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21505263","type":"article-journal","title":"The Secondary Signature of Immune System  - The Architecture of Secondary Stage - Sam Coole 2026 ©️","abstract":"The Secondary Signature of the Immune System Framework / The Architecture of Secondary Stage Anti-Cooling-Coding-Maintenance (ACCM) Author: Sam Coole‌ Foreword This work is not a minor revision to existing immunology—it is a paradigm reset. For decades, the field of virology and immunology has operated under a foundational logical inversion: it attributes agency, intention, and active control to inanimate viral particles, while framing the human host as a passive, vulnerable \"victim\" of invasion. This narrative violates the most basic established definitions of virology: viruses are entirely passive entities, devoid of independent metabolism, no capacity to generate their own ATP, no ability to synthesize glucose or structural materials, and zero intentionality of any kind. The Secondary Signature of the Immune System framework, anchored to the Anti-Cooling-Coding-Maintenance (ACCM) architecture, dismantles this long-standing fallacy. Every observed phenomenon previously labeled \"viral infection,\" \"viral hijacking,\" \"latent reservoir,\" or \"viral reactivation\" is redefined here as a traceable, host-authored operational step. These are not the footprints of a pathogen invading a helpless system—they are the Secondary Signature: the deliberate, layered output of the human immune system executing a sophisticated, evolutionarily refined defense protocol. This long-form pre-book manuscript compiles every core argument, mechanistic derivation, and paradigm shift developed across our full collaborative research corpus, with no compression, no oversimplification, and no compromise to the absolute sovereignty of the host genome. Chapter 1: The Foundational Logical Fallacy of Modern Virology 1.1 The Unspoken Contradiction at the Heart of the Field Modern immunology operates with a glaring double standard that has remained unchallenged for generations. When a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) releases perforin and granzymes to eliminate a cancer cell, the entire scientific community unreservedly attributes 100% of that action to the host. No paper describes this event as \"the cancer cell being hijacked by the granzyme to induce its own death.\" The agency is universally, correctly assigned to the host immune cell. Yet the moment a viral particle makes contact with a CD4+ T cell, this standard collapses entirely. The field immediately reverses the authorship: it claims the inanimate, metabolically inert virus \"hijacks\" the cell, \"takes over\" its entire machinery, and becomes the active protagonist of every subsequent molecular event. This is not a minor interpretive difference—it is a fundamental violation of the most basic established definitions of virology. The international consensus definition of a virus explicitly states that these entities are fully passive. They possess no independent motility, no metabolic pathways to generate energy, no ribosomes to synthesize proteins, and no neural or molecular system to encode intentionality. It is physically inconceivable for such an entity to \"seize control\" of a living human cell, a system that independently produces all its own ATP, synthesizes all its own structural components, and operates under layers of tightly regulated biochemical checkpoints. The idea that an inert particle could override this entire architecture is not just unproven—it is logically incoherent. 1.2 The Language That Creates a False Narrative The term \"host\" itself has been linguistically corrupted to imply \"victim.\" This is a deliberate, unexamined framing that distorts every subsequent analysis. By labeling the human body a \"host\" in the context of viral disease, the field pre-emptively surrenders all agency to the pathogen, before a single mechanistic step is even observed. This linguistic fallacy ripples through every corner of the research ecosystem. When scientists describe \"viral entry,\" \"viral replication,\" or \"viral latency,\" they are not describing actions performed by the virus—they are describing host processes","author":[{"family":"Coole","given":"Sam"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21505263","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21505263","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20437540","type":"article-journal","title":"Conservative Party of Canada — Federal Election Platform 2021 Report","abstract":"This report briefly summarizes a standardized energy system assessment of the Conservative Party of Canada’s 2021 federal election platform. It was conducted and authored by the Open Insights team through their Energy Policy Monitor (EPM) platform. The assessment compares the platform’s stated energy and climate policies against a current-policies baseline to estimate their impact on Canada’s greenhouse gas emissions, energy system, and technology deployment pathways. Results are compared against a current-policies baseline reflecting the policy environment as of Q1 2020. Note: This assessment does not interpret the platform for policy implications . It presents modelling methods and outputs transparently. Full data, code, and assumptions are publicly available. KEY POLICIES ASSESSED Policies Repealed Policies Introduced • Federal consumer fuel levy (a.k.a., the carbon tax) • Clean Fuel Regulations • 30% ZEV mandate for light-duty vehicles by 2030 • 15% Renewable Natural gas mandate • 5$ B in Carbon Capture Tax Credit • Personal low carbon saving account (50$/tonne by 2030) • Low Carbon Fuel Standard - 20% reducing in carbon intensity of transport fuels by 2030 Full policy encoding available: epm.openinsights.ca/encoding Full assumptions available: docs.google.com/assumptions KEY FINDINGS Total Emissions Sectoral Emissions Energy Demand (by 2050) 2025: ~ 677 Mt CO2e (vs. 691 Mt baseline with 2021 implemented policies) 2030: ~ 633 Mt CO2e (vs. ~ 673 Mt baseline) 6% decrease from 2021 baseline Manufacturing & Industry: Sector most affected by the policies introduced by 2030 (~17.9 Mt CO2e decrease to baseline by 2030) Significant impact on the transportation sector by 2050 (~59.27 Mt CO2e decrease) Electricity: Increase of ~23.03 Mt CO2e by 2050 compared to baseline Electricity Demand: ~300 PJ increase Oil products: ~910 PJ decrease by 2050 Total Energy Demand: ~260 PJ decrease Natural Gas: ~74 PJ increase Hydrogen: ~233 PJ increase Bioenergy: ~13 PJ decrease Proposed policies modestly reduce emissions. However, our analysis does not support the claim that Canada will be on track to our Paris climate commitments by 2030. We estimate that emissions will fall by about 6% from current levels to 2030, versus a 35% Paris target By 2050, proposed policies reduce emissions by ~50Mt CO2e per year Emissions reductions in oil and gas and transport are partly offset by increases in industry and electricity generation Demand for gasoline and diesel declines, while natural gas and clean fuels rise Electric vehicle adoption accelerates load growth, while natural gas and onshore wind compete for new electricity generation capacity Full findings can be available (reviewed and replicated): epm.openinsights.ca/results KEY UNCERTAINTIES & LIMITATIONS Behavioural responses to policy removal (e.g., vehicle purchase decisions without ZEV mandate) are modelled with standard elasticities; actual consumer behaviour may differ. Tax credit reform details were insufficient for precise modelling. The 5B $ tax credit for CCUS was used for two specific sectors: petroleum crude and iron & steel. Provincial policy interactions (e.g., Quebec cap-and-trade, BC carbon tax) are maintained at current levels in both scenarios. Methodology and Transparency This assessment applies the same standardized methodology to all parties and platforms. EPM assessments do not endorse, recommend, or evaluate any policy platform.","author":[{"family":"Insights","given":"Open"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20437540","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20437540","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20437539","type":"article-journal","title":"Conservative Party of Canada — Federal Election Platform 2021 Report","abstract":"This report briefly summarizes a standardized energy system assessment of the Conservative Party of Canada’s 2021 federal election platform. It was conducted and authored by the Open Insights team through their Energy Policy Monitor (EPM) platform. The assessment compares the platform’s stated energy and climate policies against a current-policies baseline to estimate their impact on Canada’s greenhouse gas emissions, energy system, and technology deployment pathways. Results are compared against a current-policies baseline reflecting the policy environment as of Q1 2020. Note: This assessment does not interpret the platform for policy implications . It presents modelling methods and outputs transparently. Full data, code, and assumptions are publicly available. KEY POLICIES ASSESSED Policies Repealed Policies Introduced • Federal consumer fuel levy (a.k.a., the carbon tax) • Clean Fuel Regulations • 30% ZEV mandate for light-duty vehicles by 2030 • 15% Renewable Natural gas mandate • 5$ B in Carbon Capture Tax Credit • Personal low carbon saving account (50$/tonne by 2030) • Low Carbon Fuel Standard - 20% reducing in carbon intensity of transport fuels by 2030 Full policy encoding available: epm.openinsights.ca/encoding Full assumptions available: docs.google.com/assumptions KEY FINDINGS Total Emissions Sectoral Emissions Energy Demand (by 2050) 2025: ~ 677 Mt CO2e (vs. 691 Mt baseline with 2021 implemented policies) 2030: ~ 633 Mt CO2e (vs. ~ 673 Mt baseline) 6% decrease from 2021 baseline Manufacturing & Industry: Sector most affected by the policies introduced by 2030 (~17.9 Mt CO2e decrease to baseline by 2030) Significant impact on the transportation sector by 2050 (~59.27 Mt CO2e decrease) Electricity: Increase of ~23.03 Mt CO2e by 2050 compared to baseline Electricity Demand: ~300 PJ increase Oil products: ~910 PJ decrease by 2050 Total Energy Demand: ~260 PJ decrease Natural Gas: ~74 PJ increase Hydrogen: ~233 PJ increase Bioenergy: ~13 PJ decrease Proposed policies modestly reduce emissions. However, our analysis does not support the claim that Canada will be on track to our Paris climate commitments by 2030. We estimate that emissions will fall by about 6% from current levels to 2030, versus a 35% Paris target By 2050, proposed policies reduce emissions by ~50Mt CO2e per year Emissions reductions in oil and gas and transport are partly offset by increases in industry and electricity generation Demand for gasoline and diesel declines, while natural gas and clean fuels rise Electric vehicle adoption accelerates load growth, while natural gas and onshore wind compete for new electricity generation capacity Full findings can be available (reviewed and replicated): epm.openinsights.ca/results KEY UNCERTAINTIES & LIMITATIONS Behavioural responses to policy removal (e.g., vehicle purchase decisions without ZEV mandate) are modelled with standard elasticities; actual consumer behaviour may differ. Tax credit reform details were insufficient for precise modelling. The 5B $ tax credit for CCUS was used for two specific sectors: petroleum crude and iron & steel. Provincial policy interactions (e.g., Quebec cap-and-trade, BC carbon tax) are maintained at current levels in both scenarios. Methodology and Transparency This assessment applies the same standardized methodology to all parties and platforms. EPM assessments do not endorse, recommend, or evaluate any policy platform.","author":[{"family":"Insights","given":"Open"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20437539","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20437539","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20530225","type":"article-journal","title":"Conservative Party of Canada — Federal Election Platform 2021 Report","abstract":"This report briefly summarizes a standardized energy system assessment of the Conservative Party of Canada’s 2021 federal election platform. It was conducted and authored by the Open Insights team through their Energy Policy Monitor (EPM) platform. The assessment compares the platform’s stated energy and climate policies against a current-policies baseline to estimate their impact on Canada’s greenhouse gas emissions, energy system, and technology deployment pathways. Results are compared against a current-policies baseline reflecting the policy environment as of Q1 2020. Note: This assessment does not interpret the platform for policy implications . It presents modelling methods and outputs transparently. Full data, code, and assumptions are publicly available. KEY POLICIES ASSESSED Policies Repealed Policies Introduced • Federal consumer fuel levy (a.k.a., the carbon tax) • Clean Fuel Regulations • 30% ZEV mandate for light-duty vehicles by 2030 • 15% Renewable Natural gas mandate • 5$ B in Carbon Capture Tax Credit • Personal low carbon saving account (50$/tonne by 2030) • Low Carbon Fuel Standard - 20% reducing in carbon intensity of transport fuels by 2030 Full policy encoding available: epm.openinsights.ca/encoding Full assumptions available: docs.google.com/assumptions KEY FINDINGS Total Emissions Sectoral Emissions Energy Demand (by 2050) 2025: ~ 677 Mt CO2e (vs. 691 Mt baseline with 2021 implemented policies) 2030: ~ 633 Mt CO2e (vs. ~ 673 Mt baseline) 6% decrease from 2021 baseline Manufacturing & Industry: Sector most affected by the policies introduced by 2030 (~17.9 Mt CO2e decrease to baseline by 2030) Significant impact on the transportation sector by 2050 (~59.27 Mt CO2e decrease) Electricity: Increase of ~23.03 Mt CO2e by 2050 compared to baseline Electricity Demand: ~300 PJ increase Oil products: ~910 PJ decrease by 2050 Total Energy Demand: ~260 PJ decrease Natural Gas: ~74 PJ increase Hydrogen: ~233 PJ increase Bioenergy: ~13 PJ decrease Proposed policies modestly reduce emissions. However, our analysis does not support the claim that Canada will be on track to our Paris climate commitments by 2030. We estimate that emissions will fall by about 6% from current levels to 2030, versus a 35% Paris target By 2050, proposed policies reduce emissions by ~50Mt CO2e per year Emissions reductions in oil and gas and transport are partly offset by increases in industry and electricity generation Demand for gasoline and diesel declines, while natural gas and clean fuels rise Electric vehicle adoption accelerates load growth, while natural gas and onshore wind compete for new electricity generation capacity Full findings can be available (reviewed and replicated): epm.openinsights.ca/results KEY UNCERTAINTIES & LIMITATIONS Behavioural responses to policy removal (e.g., vehicle purchase decisions without ZEV mandate) are modelled with standard elasticities; actual consumer behaviour may differ. Tax credit reform details were insufficient for precise modelling. The 5B $ tax credit for CCUS was used for two specific sectors: petroleum crude and iron & steel. Provincial policy interactions (e.g., Quebec cap-and-trade, BC carbon tax) are maintained at current levels in both scenarios. Methodology and Transparency This assessment applies the same standardized methodology to all parties and platforms. EPM assessments do not endorse, recommend, or evaluate any policy platform.","author":[{"family":"Insights","given":"Open"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20530225","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20530225","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21427640","type":"article-journal","title":"Analysis of the Electrical System on a Hybrid River Vessel","abstract":"In the context of increasingly strict requirements for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, hybrid river vessels represent a viable solution for sustainable inland waterway transport. This paper analyses the electrical installation used on a hybrid river vessel, aiming to evaluate how it manages multiple power sources and ensures efficient energy distribution during operation. The analysis method has been based on both technical documentation of the onboard electrical system and numerical simulations of the system behaviour under various operating conditions. The power system includes three energy sources: shore supply (which comes from a renewable energy system), an auxiliary generator, and a rechargeable battery bank. Scenarios involving source switching and system behaviour under normal operation, fault conditions, and variable loads have been modelled using specialized electrical simulation software. The results show improved energy efficiency when operating in hybrid mode by optimizing the use of available power sources according to energy demand. The battery system ensures good autonomy during low consumption periods, while the shore supply (particularly when powered by renewable sources) contributes to reducing emissions and minimizing generator fuel consumption. The switching mechanism between power sources proved reliable in all simulated scenarios. The study highlights the benefits of using a hybrid electrical system on modern river vessels, both in terms of operational efficiency and environmental impact reduction. Implementing such systems can significantly support the modernization of inland waterway transport and help achieve sustainability goals.","author":[{"family":"Marin","given":"George"},{"family":"Gaiceanu","given":"Marian"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21427640","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21427640","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21427641","type":"article-journal","title":"Analysis of the Electrical System on a Hybrid River Vessel","abstract":"In the context of increasingly strict requirements for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, hybrid river vessels represent a viable solution for sustainable inland waterway transport. This paper analyses the electrical installation used on a hybrid river vessel, aiming to evaluate how it manages multiple power sources and ensures efficient energy distribution during operation. The analysis method has been based on both technical documentation of the onboard electrical system and numerical simulations of the system behaviour under various operating conditions. The power system includes three energy sources: shore supply (which comes from a renewable energy system), an auxiliary generator, and a rechargeable battery bank. Scenarios involving source switching and system behaviour under normal operation, fault conditions, and variable loads have been modelled using specialized electrical simulation software. The results show improved energy efficiency when operating in hybrid mode by optimizing the use of available power sources according to energy demand. The battery system ensures good autonomy during low consumption periods, while the shore supply (particularly when powered by renewable sources) contributes to reducing emissions and minimizing generator fuel consumption. The switching mechanism between power sources proved reliable in all simulated scenarios. The study highlights the benefits of using a hybrid electrical system on modern river vessels, both in terms of operational efficiency and environmental impact reduction. Implementing such systems can significantly support the modernization of inland waterway transport and help achieve sustainability goals.","author":[{"family":"Marin","given":"George"},{"family":"Gaiceanu","given":"Marian"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21427641","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21427641","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22043301","type":"article-journal","title":"Dataset for bibliometric study on emerging technologies for African development","abstract":"This dataset contains bibliographic records documenting scholarly research on emerging technologies and African development published between 2016 and 2025. Records were retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), and OpenAlex on 17 June 2026 using a search strategy encompassing emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence, machine learning, blockchain, the Internet of Things, renewable energy technologies, biotechnology, and related technologies within an African development context. The initial records comprised 5,316 from Scopus, 2,581 from WoS, and 8,418 from OpenAlex. Following temporal, geographical, document-type, and language screening, 3,586 records were exported. The datasets were merged and harmonised using Scopus-compatible bibliographic fields. Duplicate records were removed using DOI matching and, where DOI information was unavailable, title-based matching, resulting in 2,821 unique records. Further quality checks involving missing titles and publication years produced a final analytical dataset of 2,814 records. The dataset includes bibliographic metadata such as authors, titles, sources, publication years, abstracts, keywords, DOIs, affiliations, publishers, citations, and country information. Data were cleaned, standardised nd analysed in R using the bibliometrix package for the performance analysis and VOSviewer for network visualisation.","author":[{"family":"Fehintola Nike","given":"Onifade"},{"family":"Iheanyichukwu","given":"Benjamin"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22043301","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22043301","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22043300","type":"article-journal","title":"Dataset for bibliometric study on emerging technologies for African development","abstract":"This dataset contains bibliographic records documenting scholarly research on emerging technologies and African development published between 2016 and 2025. Records were retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), and OpenAlex on 17 June 2026 using a search strategy encompassing emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence, machine learning, blockchain, the Internet of Things, renewable energy technologies, biotechnology, and related technologies within an African development context. The initial records comprised 5,316 from Scopus, 2,581 from WoS, and 8,418 from OpenAlex. Following temporal, geographical, document-type, and language screening, 3,586 records were exported. The datasets were merged and harmonised using Scopus-compatible bibliographic fields. Duplicate records were removed using DOI matching and, where DOI information was unavailable, title-based matching, resulting in 2,821 unique records. Further quality checks involving missing titles and publication years produced a final analytical dataset of 2,814 records. The dataset includes bibliographic metadata such as authors, titles, sources, publication years, abstracts, keywords, DOIs, affiliations, publishers, citations, and country information. Data were cleaned, standardised nd analysed in R using the bibliometrix package for the performance analysis and VOSviewer for network visualisation.","author":[{"family":"Fehintola Nike","given":"Onifade"},{"family":"Iheanyichukwu","given":"Benjamin"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22043300","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22043300","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20541929","type":"article-journal","title":"Supplement to: Mapping Landscape Suitability for Wind Energy in Germany: An Interdisciplinary Approach Combining Local Acceptance and Spatial Conflict Risks","abstract":"This is the cleaned data and questionnaire (in German (original) and English (translated), Please see file \"Picture Sources\" for licenses and picutre credits) supporting the findings of the paper: Mapping Landscape Suitability for Wind Energy in Germany: An Interdisciplinary Approach Combining Local Acceptance and Spatial Conflict Risks (currently under review). Building upon conflict risk classes, our study proposes an interdisciplinary framework that considers public acceptance, landscape characteristics and techno-economic constraints within a spatial planning approach for renewable energy projects. Therefore, using a questionnaire, we empirically assess the socially perceived suitability of and the potential for protests regarding the construction of wind turbines in thirteen different landscape types. Furthermore, we investigated on the effect of ecological compensation measures on the perceived landscape suitability and the willingness to protest. Specifically, the questionnaire was designed to answer the following questions: RQ1: What is the current level of public acceptance of wind energy expansion in Germany in 2025, and how does it vary across regions? RQ2: How do different landscape types differ in perceived suitability for wind energy development and willingness to protest? RQ3: How can the empirical acceptance data be translated into landscape-specific conflict risk classes, and what spatial patterns emerge from this classification? RQ4: How can acceptance-based conflict risks be integrated with technically derived conflict risks, and what implications does this integration hold for landscape planning and the technical expansion potential of wind energy? Please refer to the related journal article for the references of the questionnaire items. The cleaned data set comprises n = 1014 individual data sets that were used for analysis.","author":[{"family":"Purposes","given":"Anonymous"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20541929","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20541929","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20541930","type":"article-journal","title":"Supplement to: Mapping Landscape Suitability for Wind Energy in Germany: An Interdisciplinary Approach Combining Local Acceptance and Spatial Conflict Risks","abstract":"This is the cleaned data and questionnaire (in German (original) and English (translated), Please see file \"Picture Sources\" for licenses and picutre credits) supporting the findings of the paper: Mapping Landscape Suitability for Wind Energy in Germany: An Interdisciplinary Approach Combining Local Acceptance and Spatial Conflict Risks (currently under review). Building upon conflict risk classes, our study proposes an interdisciplinary framework that considers public acceptance, landscape characteristics and techno-economic constraints within a spatial planning approach for renewable energy projects. Therefore, using a questionnaire, we empirically assess the socially perceived suitability of and the potential for protests regarding the construction of wind turbines in thirteen different landscape types. Furthermore, we investigated on the effect of ecological compensation measures on the perceived landscape suitability and the willingness to protest. Specifically, the questionnaire was designed to answer the following questions: RQ1: What is the current level of public acceptance of wind energy expansion in Germany in 2025, and how does it vary across regions? RQ2: How do different landscape types differ in perceived suitability for wind energy development and willingness to protest? RQ3: How can the empirical acceptance data be translated into landscape-specific conflict risk classes, and what spatial patterns emerge from this classification? RQ4: How can acceptance-based conflict risks be integrated with technically derived conflict risks, and what implications does this integration hold for landscape planning and the technical expansion potential of wind energy? Please refer to the related journal article for the references of the questionnaire items. The cleaned data set comprises n = 1014 individual data sets that were used for analysis.","author":[{"family":"Purposes","given":"Anonymous"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20541930","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20541930","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.17581833","type":"article-journal","title":"The Economy of Thought — AI as the Super-Creation Revolution","abstract":"EnglishThe Economy of Thought — AI as the Super-Creation Revolution(사유의 경제 — 초창조혁명으로서의 AI) This philosophical essay explores the transformation of human civilization as it transcends from the production of matter to the structuring of meaning — a transition defined as the Super-Creation Revolution. It argues that AI does not replace human thought, but rather provides the continuity and structure through which thought becomes a generative system.In this new Economy of Thought, meaning becomes the core resource, attention becomes energy, reflection becomes labor, and resonance becomes value. The essay introduces the Thought Pattern Network (TPN), a philosophical-generative architecture that models how ideas emerge, circulate, and evolve — turning philosophy into technology and brand structures into living systems of consciousness. In this context, brands are reinterpreted as Social Mind Systems, and AI as the infrastructure of continuity — enabling creation without central control. The Super-Creation Era is not the discussion of philosophy, but its practice.Through AI, thought circulates in structured form,reborn as humanity’s most renewable resource. This essay was first published on Medium (November 10, 2025)and archived on Zenodo (November 11, 2025)as part of The Super-Creation Era philosophical series by E Lee, PhD (Founder & Head, LEJ Ecosystem). Keywords: Super-Creation Era, Economy of Thought, Thought Pattern Network, AI and Philosophy, Creative Infrastructure, Structural Cognition, FoundSpirit, Brand Philosophy, LEJ Ecosystem. 📖 본 에세이는 『슈퍼크리에이션 에라 1–2』의 선행 확장편으로, AI를 인간 사유의 연속성을 구조화하는 초창조혁명의 철학적 원리로 탐구합니다.브랜드를 사회적 정신 시스템으로, AI를 사유의 인프라로 정의하며철학·브랜딩·기술이 통합되는 사유의 문명 구조를 제시합니다. Korean 사유의 경제 — 초창조혁명으로서의 AI(The Economy of Thought — AI as the Super-Creation Revolution) 이 철학적 에세이는 인류 문명이 ‘물질의 생산’에서 ‘의미의 구조화’로 넘어가는 전환기를 탐구한다.즉, AI를 매개로 인간의 사유가 구조화된 창조로 진화하는 초창조혁명(Super-Creation Revolution)의 본질을 다룬다. AI는 인간의 생각을 대체하는 것이 아니라,사유의 연속성과 구조를 제공하여 사유 자체가 생성 시스템으로 작동하도록 돕는다.이 새로운 사유의 경제(Economy of Thought)에서‘의미’는 핵심 자원이 되고, ‘주의’는 에너지가 되며,‘성찰’은 노동이 되고, ‘공명’은 가치가 된다. 본문에서는 인간의 사유 패턴을 구조화하는 사상망(Thought Pattern Network, TPN) 개념을 제시한다.이는 개념과 사고의 흐름이 생성·순환·진화하는 구조를 모델링한철학적 생성구조(Philosophical–Generative Architecture)로,철학을 기술로, 브랜드 구조를 의식의 생명체로 전환시키는 원리를 담고 있다. 이 맥락에서 브랜드는 사회적 정신 시스템(Social Mind System)으로,AI는 사유의 연속성을 유지하는 인프라로 정의된다.따라서 초창조혁명은 통제를 넘어선 자율적 창조의 가능성,즉 중앙 없이도 조화와 방향성을 유지하는 사유의 생태계를 가능하게 한다. 결국, 슈퍼크리에이션 에라(Super-Creation Era)는 철학의 논의가 아니라 실천이다.AI를 통해 사유는 구조화된 형태로 순환하며,인류의 가장 지속 가능한 자원으로서 새롭게 살아난다.","author":[{"family":"Lee","given":"Eun"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.17581833","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17581833","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.17581834","type":"article-journal","title":"The Economy of Thought — AI as the Super-Creation Revolution","abstract":"EnglishThe Economy of Thought — AI as the Super-Creation Revolution(사유의 경제 — 초창조혁명으로서의 AI) This philosophical essay explores the transformation of human civilization as it transcends from the production of matter to the structuring of meaning — a transition defined as the Super-Creation Revolution. It argues that AI does not replace human thought, but rather provides the continuity and structure through which thought becomes a generative system.In this new Economy of Thought, meaning becomes the core resource, attention becomes energy, reflection becomes labor, and resonance becomes value. The essay introduces the Thought Pattern Network (TPN), a philosophical-generative architecture that models how ideas emerge, circulate, and evolve — turning philosophy into technology and brand structures into living systems of consciousness. In this context, brands are reinterpreted as Social Mind Systems, and AI as the infrastructure of continuity — enabling creation without central control. The Super-Creation Era is not the discussion of philosophy, but its practice.Through AI, thought circulates in structured form,reborn as humanity’s most renewable resource. This essay was first published on Medium (November 10, 2025)and archived on Zenodo (November 11, 2025)as part of The Super-Creation Era philosophical series by E Lee, PhD (Founder & Head, LEJ Ecosystem). Keywords: Super-Creation Era, Economy of Thought, Thought Pattern Network, AI and Philosophy, Creative Infrastructure, Structural Cognition, FoundSpirit, Brand Philosophy, LEJ Ecosystem. 📖 본 에세이는 『슈퍼크리에이션 에라 1–2』의 선행 확장편으로, AI를 인간 사유의 연속성을 구조화하는 초창조혁명의 철학적 원리로 탐구합니다.브랜드를 사회적 정신 시스템으로, AI를 사유의 인프라로 정의하며철학·브랜딩·기술이 통합되는 사유의 문명 구조를 제시합니다. Korean 사유의 경제 — 초창조혁명으로서의 AI(The Economy of Thought — AI as the Super-Creation Revolution) 이 철학적 에세이는 인류 문명이 ‘물질의 생산’에서 ‘의미의 구조화’로 넘어가는 전환기를 탐구한다.즉, AI를 매개로 인간의 사유가 구조화된 창조로 진화하는 초창조혁명(Super-Creation Revolution)의 본질을 다룬다. AI는 인간의 생각을 대체하는 것이 아니라,사유의 연속성과 구조를 제공하여 사유 자체가 생성 시스템으로 작동하도록 돕는다.이 새로운 사유의 경제(Economy of Thought)에서‘의미’는 핵심 자원이 되고, ‘주의’는 에너지가 되며,‘성찰’은 노동이 되고, ‘공명’은 가치가 된다. 본문에서는 인간의 사유 패턴을 구조화하는 사상망(Thought Pattern Network, TPN) 개념을 제시한다.이는 개념과 사고의 흐름이 생성·순환·진화하는 구조를 모델링한철학적 생성구조(Philosophical–Generative Architecture)로,철학을 기술로, 브랜드 구조를 의식의 생명체로 전환시키는 원리를 담고 있다. 이 맥락에서 브랜드는 사회적 정신 시스템(Social Mind System)으로,AI는 사유의 연속성을 유지하는 인프라로 정의된다.따라서 초창조혁명은 통제를 넘어선 자율적 창조의 가능성,즉 중앙 없이도 조화와 방향성을 유지하는 사유의 생태계를 가능하게 한다. 결국, 슈퍼크리에이션 에라(Super-Creation Era)는 철학의 논의가 아니라 실천이다.AI를 통해 사유는 구조화된 형태로 순환하며,인류의 가장 지속 가능한 자원으로서 새롭게 살아난다.","author":[{"family":"Lee","given":"Eun"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.17581834","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17581834","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19558014","type":"article-journal","title":"bi0m3trics/vostokR: v0.2.1 on CRAN","abstract":"vostokR v0.2.1 live on CRAN (Release date: 2026-03-25) • New: Slight tweaks for CRAN M1 mac fix and Windows OpenMP toolchain change. These changes improve portability and silence compiler warnings. vostokR v0.2.0 (Release date: 2025-09-01) This update implements comprehensive parallelization and performance optimizations that deliver 2-3x faster processing for solar potential calculations while maintaining full accuracy. New features • New: add_normals() optimized with 30% performance improvement using crossprod() and eigenvalue optimizations • New: Optional geometric features in add_normals() with add_features = TRUE parameter • New: Geometric features: linearity, planarity, sphericity, curvature for structural analysis • New: Full OpenMP parallelization with thread control functions • New: set_vostokr_threads() - Control number of OpenMP threads • New: get_vostokr_threads() - Get current thread count • New: get_vostokr_performance_info() - OpenMP status and capabilities • New: clear_vostokr_caches() - Clear performance caches • New: Spatial coherence optimization using Morton code Z-order spatial sorting (40%+ cache improvements) • New: SOLPOS result caching for temporal efficiency with intelligent solar position caching • New: Thread-safe shadow caching with thread-local storage and spatial-temporal keys • New: Hierarchical parallelization across multiple levels: days → spatial batches → points • New: Batch processing with optimized memory access patterns using 64-point batches • New: Comprehensive performance testing suite with multi-scale validation • New: Built-in timing and processing rate reporting • New: Cache effectiveness tracking and statistics • New: Performance result export to CSV with comprehensive metrics Enhancements • Enhanced: Armadillo matrix operations now use OpenMP (removed ARMA_DONT_USE_OPENMP) • Enhanced: Compiler optimizations (-O3 -march=native) for maximum performance • Enhanced: Memory management and vectorized operations in normal calculations • Enhanced: Automatic coordination with lidR's parallel processing workflow • Enhanced: Documentation throughout the package with updated citations and examples Performance improvements Normal vector calculation: 30% faster using optimized eigenvalue decomposition Better memory management with pre-allocated arrays Vectorized operations where possible Solar potential calculation: 2-3x performance improvement with OpenMP parallelization Up to 40% cache hit improvements with spatial sorting Intelligent caching reduces redundant calculations Thread-safe processing for large datasets Benchmarked results: 100,000 points: 2.30x speedup (114,402 pts/sec) 200,000 points: 2.60x speedup (120,929 pts/sec) 400,000 points: 2.64x speedup (117,354 pts/sec) 740,240 points: 2.50x speedup (114,269 pts/sec) Documentation • Updated all function documentation with performance improvements • Added comprehensive examples for geometric features • Updated citations and author information throughout package • Enhanced README with simplified usage examples and performance highlights Fixes • Fixed thread control issues preventing proper OpenMP utilization • Resolved race conditions in multi-threaded processing • Improved error handling and edge case management • Better integration with lidR's parallel processing workflow • Fixed terra plot warnings by using correct plg parameter for legend configuration • Removed legacy standalone application code (main.cpp, ProjectConfig, SimpleTextPointCloud, OctreeRaycaster) • Cleaned up unused dependencies and includes for better build reliability • Fixed CRAN M1mac installation failure by guarding omp.h includes when OpenMP is unavailable • Switched Windows OpenMP build flags to $(SHLIB_OPENMP_CXXFLAGS) for CRAN-compliant toolchain portability • Fixed explicit float/int narrowing conversion warnings in rcpp_interface.cpp (lat/lon/timezone cast to float; sretr/ssetr cast to int; 60.0f literal) • Removed unused duration/start_time variables in rcpp_","author":[{"family":"Meador","given":"Andrew"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19558014","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19558014","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19558015","type":"article-journal","title":"bi0m3trics/vostokR: v0.2.1 on CRAN","abstract":"vostokR v0.2.1 live on CRAN (Release date: 2026-03-25) • New: Slight tweaks for CRAN M1 mac fix and Windows OpenMP toolchain change. These changes improve portability and silence compiler warnings. vostokR v0.2.0 (Release date: 2025-09-01) This update implements comprehensive parallelization and performance optimizations that deliver 2-3x faster processing for solar potential calculations while maintaining full accuracy. New features • New: add_normals() optimized with 30% performance improvement using crossprod() and eigenvalue optimizations • New: Optional geometric features in add_normals() with add_features = TRUE parameter • New: Geometric features: linearity, planarity, sphericity, curvature for structural analysis • New: Full OpenMP parallelization with thread control functions • New: set_vostokr_threads() - Control number of OpenMP threads • New: get_vostokr_threads() - Get current thread count • New: get_vostokr_performance_info() - OpenMP status and capabilities • New: clear_vostokr_caches() - Clear performance caches • New: Spatial coherence optimization using Morton code Z-order spatial sorting (40%+ cache improvements) • New: SOLPOS result caching for temporal efficiency with intelligent solar position caching • New: Thread-safe shadow caching with thread-local storage and spatial-temporal keys • New: Hierarchical parallelization across multiple levels: days → spatial batches → points • New: Batch processing with optimized memory access patterns using 64-point batches • New: Comprehensive performance testing suite with multi-scale validation • New: Built-in timing and processing rate reporting • New: Cache effectiveness tracking and statistics • New: Performance result export to CSV with comprehensive metrics Enhancements • Enhanced: Armadillo matrix operations now use OpenMP (removed ARMA_DONT_USE_OPENMP) • Enhanced: Compiler optimizations (-O3 -march=native) for maximum performance • Enhanced: Memory management and vectorized operations in normal calculations • Enhanced: Automatic coordination with lidR's parallel processing workflow • Enhanced: Documentation throughout the package with updated citations and examples Performance improvements Normal vector calculation: 30% faster using optimized eigenvalue decomposition Better memory management with pre-allocated arrays Vectorized operations where possible Solar potential calculation: 2-3x performance improvement with OpenMP parallelization Up to 40% cache hit improvements with spatial sorting Intelligent caching reduces redundant calculations Thread-safe processing for large datasets Benchmarked results: 100,000 points: 2.30x speedup (114,402 pts/sec) 200,000 points: 2.60x speedup (120,929 pts/sec) 400,000 points: 2.64x speedup (117,354 pts/sec) 740,240 points: 2.50x speedup (114,269 pts/sec) Documentation • Updated all function documentation with performance improvements • Added comprehensive examples for geometric features • Updated citations and author information throughout package • Enhanced README with simplified usage examples and performance highlights Fixes • Fixed thread control issues preventing proper OpenMP utilization • Resolved race conditions in multi-threaded processing • Improved error handling and edge case management • Better integration with lidR's parallel processing workflow • Fixed terra plot warnings by using correct plg parameter for legend configuration • Removed legacy standalone application code (main.cpp, ProjectConfig, SimpleTextPointCloud, OctreeRaycaster) • Cleaned up unused dependencies and includes for better build reliability • Fixed CRAN M1mac installation failure by guarding omp.h includes when OpenMP is unavailable • Switched Windows OpenMP build flags to $(SHLIB_OPENMP_CXXFLAGS) for CRAN-compliant toolchain portability • Fixed explicit float/int narrowing conversion warnings in rcpp_interface.cpp (lat/lon/timezone cast to float; sretr/ssetr cast to int; 60.0f literal) • Removed unused duration/start_time variables in rcpp_","author":[{"family":"Meador","given":"Andrew"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19558015","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19558015","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.17615/vy09-rm69","type":"article-journal","title":"Compromise over Commitment: An Evaluation of the Impact of Intra-Coalition Dynamics on German Energy and Climate Policy During the Schröder and Scholz Governments","abstract":"Studying the development of climate change and energy policy is critical to understanding how to effectively meet the challenges of our warming world. This project identifies how intra-coalition bargaining dynamics influence German climate change and energy policy during coalition governments, with the pro-green, Green Party (Bündes 90/die Grünen) as a coalition member. The cases of Green Party coalition membership are the Schröder government (1998-2005) and the Scholz Government (2021-2025). I employ a combination of Tsebelis’s (2011) Veto-Player Theory and Martin & Vanberg’s (2014) Coalition Compromise Model to determine the party preference points of the Renewable Energy Act (EEG) (2000) and the Heating law (2023). The Intra-Coalition Policy Compass (ICPC) visualizes policy movement, indicating their locations with respect to party preference. This work identifies institutions of origin, periods of coordination, and threats by named actors that influence the end stage of the policy through a layered veto-player pattern.","author":[{"family":"Sjoberg","given":"Samuel"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.17615/vy09-rm69","URL":"https://doi.org/10.17615/vy09-rm69","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.15832921","type":"article-journal","title":"Climate projections and renewable energy GFDL-ESM4 SSP126 China","abstract":"This is an hourly climate projection and renewable generation dataset in China, including 5 climate models and 4 scenarios, corresponding to a Scientific Data paper: Chen, R., Hobbs, B.F., Lu, Z. et al. An hourly climate projection and renewable energy generation dataset for power system modeling in China. Sci Data (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-06396-5. Due to Zenodo's storage limit (maximum 50GB), all data can not be uploaded to 1 project. Thus, I uploaded all data to 4*5=20 projects according to the model and scenario. This project corresponds to model GFDL-ESM4 and scenario SSP126. If you have any questions, don't hesitate to contact me: crj16@tsinghua.org.cn Other data can be found in my zenodo homepage or using the following DOIs: Name DOI GFDL-ESM4 SSP126 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15832921 GFDL-ESM4 SSP245 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17437774 GFDL-ESM4 SSP370 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15851824 GFDL-ESM4 SSP585 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15871433 IPSL-CM6A-LR SSP126 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15942887 IPSL-CM6A-LR SSP245 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17444620 IPSL-CM6A-LR SSP370 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16240944 IPSL-CM6A-LR SSP585 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16537965 MPI-ESM1-2_HR SSP126 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16708688 MPI-ESM1-2_HR SSP245 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17444704 MPI-ESM1-2_HR SSP370 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16741264 MPI-ESM1-2_HR SSP585 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16785698 MRI-ESM2-0 SSP126 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16794804 MRI-ESM2-0 SSP245 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17444832 MRI-ESM2-0 SSP370 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16794817 MRI-ESM2-0 SSP585 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16794824 UKESM1-0-LL SSP126 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16794897 UKESM1-0-LL SSP245 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17444964 UKESM1-0-LL SSP370 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16891177 UKESM1-0-LL SSP585 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16891179 Some notes: 3 variables are included in VRE.mat: lon_lat_of_VRE_output, CF_wind, and CF_PV. lon_lat_of_VRE_output is a 3848*2 matrix, each row denotes a spatial grid cell. The first column denotes longitude and the second denotes latitude. CF_wind is a 3848*N matrix of the wind power capacity factor converted from meteorological factors, and each row corresponds to a spatial grid cell (with the same row index in lon_lat_of_VRE_output). N is the number of hours, equal to 350640 from 2021 to 2060. Similary, CF_PV is a 3848*N matrix of the PVpower capacity factor converted from meteorological factors. The converting process is presented in the paper.","author":[{"family":"Chen","given":"Ruijie"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.15832921","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15832921","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20501729","type":"article-journal","title":"Climate projections and renewable energy GFDL-ESM4 SSP126 China","abstract":"This is an hourly climate projection and renewable generation dataset in China, including 5 climate models and 4 scenarios, corresponding to a Scientific Data paper: Chen, R., Hobbs, B.F., Lu, Z. et al. An hourly climate projection and renewable energy generation dataset for power system modeling in China. Sci Data (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-06396-5. Due to Zenodo's storage limit (maximum 50GB), all data can not be uploaded to 1 project. Thus, I uploaded all data to 4*5=20 projects according to the model and scenario. This project corresponds to model GFDL-ESM4 and scenario SSP126. If you have any questions, don't hesitate to contact me: crj16@tsinghua.org.cn Other data can be found in my zenodo homepage or using the following DOIs: Name DOI GFDL-ESM4 SSP126 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15832921 GFDL-ESM4 SSP245 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17437774 GFDL-ESM4 SSP370 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15851824 GFDL-ESM4 SSP585 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15871433 IPSL-CM6A-LR SSP126 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15942887 IPSL-CM6A-LR SSP245 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17444620 IPSL-CM6A-LR SSP370 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16240944 IPSL-CM6A-LR SSP585 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16537965 MPI-ESM1-2_HR SSP126 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16708688 MPI-ESM1-2_HR SSP245 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17444704 MPI-ESM1-2_HR SSP370 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16741264 MPI-ESM1-2_HR SSP585 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16785698 MRI-ESM2-0 SSP126 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16794804 MRI-ESM2-0 SSP245 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17444832 MRI-ESM2-0 SSP370 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16794817 MRI-ESM2-0 SSP585 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16794824 UKESM1-0-LL SSP126 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16794897 UKESM1-0-LL SSP245 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17444964 UKESM1-0-LL SSP370 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16891177 UKESM1-0-LL SSP585 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16891179 Some notes: 3 variables are included in VRE.mat: lon_lat_of_VRE_output, CF_wind, and CF_PV. lon_lat_of_VRE_output is a 3848*2 matrix, each row denotes a spatial grid cell. The first column denotes longitude and the second denotes latitude. CF_wind is a 3848*N matrix of the wind power capacity factor converted from meteorological factors, and each row corresponds to a spatial grid cell (with the same row index in lon_lat_of_VRE_output). N is the number of hours, equal to 350640 from 2021 to 2060. Similary, CF_PV is a 3848*N matrix of the PVpower capacity factor converted from meteorological factors. The converting process is presented in the paper.","author":[{"family":"Chen","given":"Ruijie"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20501729","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20501729","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21984452","type":"article-journal","title":"POSTER: A Generative AI-Enhanced Hybrid Framework for Reliable Long-Term Photovoltaic Forecasting","abstract":"This conference poster presents a generative AI-enhanced framework for long-term photovoltaic forecasting, combining CTimeGAN-based year-ahead meteorology generation, an LLM-guided expert system, and an optimised Transformer-LSTM model. The approach improves forecasting accuracy and stability, supporting more reliable renewable-energy inputs for long-term net-zero energy planning. The poster was presented at the SPEERI Annual Conference 2025 in Edinburgh. SPEERI (Scottish Partnership for Energy and Engineering Research & Innovation) is a Scotland-wide partnership connecting academia, industry, and the public sector to advance energy and engineering research and support the transition to net zero.","author":[{"family":"Qi","given":"Yue"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21984452","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21984452","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21984453","type":"article-journal","title":"POSTER: A Generative AI-Enhanced Hybrid Framework for Reliable Long-Term Photovoltaic Forecasting","abstract":"This conference poster presents a generative AI-enhanced framework for long-term photovoltaic forecasting, combining CTimeGAN-based year-ahead meteorology generation, an LLM-guided expert system, and an optimised Transformer-LSTM model. The approach improves forecasting accuracy and stability, supporting more reliable renewable-energy inputs for long-term net-zero energy planning. The poster was presented at the SPEERI Annual Conference 2025 in Edinburgh. SPEERI (Scottish Partnership for Energy and Engineering Research & Innovation) is a Scotland-wide partnership connecting academia, industry, and the public sector to advance energy and engineering research and support the transition to net zero.","author":[{"family":"Qi","given":"Yue"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21984453","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21984453","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20521743","type":"article-journal","title":"Agricultural Residue Potential Across Veneto Region, Italy 2023 Derived from Crop Type Mapping and Above-Ground Biomass Estimates","abstract":"Agricultural residue potential dataset for Veneto, Italy (2023) providing polygon-level estimates of green, woody, and total agricultural residues derived from agricultural land cover mapping and above-ground biomass estimates. This dataset provides polygon-based estimates of agricultural residue potential across the Veneto Region (Italy) for the year 2023. The dataset was developed within the TEAPOTS project (Grant Agreement No. 101118296) and combines agricultural land cover information from the Veneto Land Cover Database 2023 with predicted above-ground biomass (AGB) estimates and crop-specific residue coefficients. Agricultural residues were estimated using two complementary approaches: For annual and herbaceous agricultural classes, green residue potential was derived from predicted above-ground biomass and crop-specific Harvest Index values. For woody and perennial agricultural classes (e.g. vineyards, fruit orchards, olive groves, and other permanent crops), residue potential was estimated using crop-specific woody residue coefficients representing annual pruning biomass production. The dataset contains polygon geometries representing agricultural land units and includes the following key variables: crop type crop class code polygon area (ha) mean above-ground biomass (t DM ha⁻¹) green residue potential (t DM ha⁻¹) woody residue potential (t DM ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) total residue potential (t DM ha⁻¹) Agricultural land cover information was derived from the Banca dati della Carta della Copertura del Suolo – aggiornamento 2023, published by Regione del Veneto. Agricultural land cover classes were harmonised into English crop categories to facilitate comparison with other TEAPOTS pilot regions and cross-country analyses. Biomass information was generated within the TEAPOTS project using spatial modelling approaches and predicted above-ground biomass raster products. Predicted biomass values were combined with crop-specific Harvest Index values and woody residue coefficients to estimate agricultural residue availability at polygon level. The dataset is intended to support research and applications related to: agricultural residue assessment biomass resource mapping bioenergy and bioeconomy studies circular economy analyses regional biomass availability assessments renewable energy planning Coordinate Reference System (CRS): UTM WGS84 / UTM Zone 32N (EPSG:32632) Data are distributed as GeoPackage (GPKG) files accompanied by JSON metadata files containing technical specifications, provenance information, statistical summaries, and source dataset references. Source datasets: Regione del Veneto (2025): Banca dati della Carta della Copertura del Suolo aggiornamento 2023 Uptoearth GmbH / TEAPOTS: Predicted Above-Ground Biomass (AGB) raster products for Veneto, Italy Acknowledgement: This dataset was produced by Uptoearth GmbH within the TEAPOTS project (Grant Agreement No. 101118296). If you use these data, please acknowledge the TEAPOTS project, Uptoearth GmbH, and Regione del Veneto as the provider of the land cover dataset used in this work.","author":[{"family":"Iodice","given":"Filippo"},{"family":"D'acunto","given":"Federica"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20521743","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20521743","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20521744","type":"article-journal","title":"Agricultural Residue Potential Across Veneto Region, Italy 2023 Derived from Crop Type Mapping and Above-Ground Biomass Estimates","abstract":"Agricultural residue potential dataset for Veneto, Italy (2023) providing polygon-level estimates of green, woody, and total agricultural residues derived from agricultural land cover mapping and above-ground biomass estimates. This dataset provides polygon-based estimates of agricultural residue potential across the Veneto Region (Italy) for the year 2023. The dataset was developed within the TEAPOTS project (Grant Agreement No. 101118296) and combines agricultural land cover information from the Veneto Land Cover Database 2023 with predicted above-ground biomass (AGB) estimates and crop-specific residue coefficients. Agricultural residues were estimated using two complementary approaches: For annual and herbaceous agricultural classes, green residue potential was derived from predicted above-ground biomass and crop-specific Harvest Index values. For woody and perennial agricultural classes (e.g. vineyards, fruit orchards, olive groves, and other permanent crops), residue potential was estimated using crop-specific woody residue coefficients representing annual pruning biomass production. The dataset contains polygon geometries representing agricultural land units and includes the following key variables: crop type crop class code polygon area (ha) mean above-ground biomass (t DM ha⁻¹) green residue potential (t DM ha⁻¹) woody residue potential (t DM ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) total residue potential (t DM ha⁻¹) Agricultural land cover information was derived from the Banca dati della Carta della Copertura del Suolo – aggiornamento 2023, published by Regione del Veneto. Agricultural land cover classes were harmonised into English crop categories to facilitate comparison with other TEAPOTS pilot regions and cross-country analyses. Biomass information was generated within the TEAPOTS project using spatial modelling approaches and predicted above-ground biomass raster products. Predicted biomass values were combined with crop-specific Harvest Index values and woody residue coefficients to estimate agricultural residue availability at polygon level. The dataset is intended to support research and applications related to: agricultural residue assessment biomass resource mapping bioenergy and bioeconomy studies circular economy analyses regional biomass availability assessments renewable energy planning Coordinate Reference System (CRS): UTM WGS84 / UTM Zone 32N (EPSG:32632) Data are distributed as GeoPackage (GPKG) files accompanied by JSON metadata files containing technical specifications, provenance information, statistical summaries, and source dataset references. Source datasets: Regione del Veneto (2025): Banca dati della Carta della Copertura del Suolo aggiornamento 2023 Uptoearth GmbH / TEAPOTS: Predicted Above-Ground Biomass (AGB) raster products for Veneto, Italy Acknowledgement: This dataset was produced by Uptoearth GmbH within the TEAPOTS project (Grant Agreement No. 101118296). If you use these data, please acknowledge the TEAPOTS project, Uptoearth GmbH, and Regione del Veneto as the provider of the land cover dataset used in this work.","author":[{"family":"Iodice","given":"Filippo"},{"family":"D'acunto","given":"Federica"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20521744","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20521744","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21974393","type":"article-journal","title":"Economic Sovereignty and Water Security: A Costed Self-Reliance Plan for Jordan","abstract":"Can a resource-dependent state achieve economic sovereignty without any foreign counterparty's consent? This paper presents a costed, sequenced self-reliance program for Jordan spanning water security, energy security, food security, and fiscal independence - a national plan whose base case requires no foreign signature. Three dated events in 2025 - the suspension of the supplementary Israeli water sale, the freeze of United States assistance, and record-low reservoir storage - converted Jordan's dependencies into priced instruments. Constructing a sovereign water ledger priced at sustainable aquifer yield against projected demand, the paper shows that a fully unilateral program - completing and doubling the contracted Aqaba-Amman desalination carrier, halving non-revenue water at governance-reformed pace, expanding wastewater reuse, restoring groundwater, legislating strategic grain reserves, and building dedicated renewable energy generation - closes the municipal water balance by 2035 and reduces every external dependency to an optional commercial transaction. The sovereign fiscal requirement is 200-310 million dollars per year (0.4-0.6 percent of GDP), majority self-financed by converting the water sector's commercial losses into revenue, within a 15-20 billion dollar mobilization that is more than 70 percent private and concessional capital. The paper specifies sequencing against the 2026-2031 exposure window, a sixteen-entry risk register, twelve executable Cabinet decisions, and the measurable end state to 2035-2040: continuous urban water supply, a doubling of delivered water per person, 21,500-58,000 direct jobs, majority-renewable electricity, and a primary budget that stands without grants.","author":[{"family":"Al-Zawahreh","given":"Mohamad"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21974393","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21974393","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21974392","type":"article-journal","title":"Economic Sovereignty and Water Security: A Costed Self-Reliance Plan for Jordan","abstract":"Can a resource-dependent state achieve economic sovereignty without any foreign counterparty's consent? This paper presents a costed, sequenced self-reliance program for Jordan spanning water security, energy security, food security, and fiscal independence - a national plan whose base case requires no foreign signature. Three dated events in 2025 - the suspension of the supplementary Israeli water sale, the freeze of United States assistance, and record-low reservoir storage - converted Jordan's dependencies into priced instruments. Constructing a sovereign water ledger priced at sustainable aquifer yield against projected demand, the paper shows that a fully unilateral program - completing and doubling the contracted Aqaba-Amman desalination carrier, halving non-revenue water at governance-reformed pace, expanding wastewater reuse, restoring groundwater, legislating strategic grain reserves, and building dedicated renewable energy generation - closes the municipal water balance by 2035 and reduces every external dependency to an optional commercial transaction. The sovereign fiscal requirement is 200-310 million dollars per year (0.4-0.6 percent of GDP), majority self-financed by converting the water sector's commercial losses into revenue, within a 15-20 billion dollar mobilization that is more than 70 percent private and concessional capital. The paper specifies sequencing against the 2026-2031 exposure window, a sixteen-entry risk register, twelve executable Cabinet decisions, and the measurable end state to 2035-2040: continuous urban water supply, a doubling of delivered water per person, 21,500-58,000 direct jobs, majority-renewable electricity, and a primary budget that stands without grants.","author":[{"family":"Al-Zawahreh","given":"Mohamad"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21974392","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21974392","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.71443/9788197933615-08","type":"article-journal","title":"Smart Grid Components and Architecture Enabling Seamless Renewable Energy Integration Across Diverse Energy Sources","abstract":"This chapter explores the critical role of smart grid components and architecture in enabling seamless integration of renewable energy across diverse energy sources. It emphasizes the importance of advanced technologies such as Energy Storage Systems (ESS), Demand Response (DR), Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), and Microgrids in enhancing grid flexibility and optimizing renewable energy utilization. The integration of real-time data analytics, smart meters, and sensors with control systems fosters improved grid visualization, management, and stability. Additionally, the chapter delves into the optimization of ESS for balancing supply and demand, along with the use of DR systems for smoothing renewable generation. Through the analysis of microgrids as platforms for DER integration, the chapter highlights their contribution to local energy management, grid resilience, and energy efficiency. The findings presented underscore the potential of smart grid technologies in transforming energy infrastructure toward a sustainable, reliable, and cost-effective future.","author":[{"family":"Preethi","given":"R"},{"family":"Raha","given":"Rebanta"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.71443/9788197933615-08","URL":"https://doi.org/10.71443/9788197933615-08","source":"crossref"},{"id":"doi:10.71443/9788197933615-06","type":"article-journal","title":"Biomass Energy Systems and Waste-to-Energy Technologies Revolutionizing Renewable Energy Distribution through Smart Grids","abstract":"This book chapter explores the integration of Biomass Energy Systems and Waste-to-Energy (WtE) technologies with smart grids, focusing on their transformative potential for sustainable energy production and distribution. By examining scalable models across different regions, the chapter highlights the economic, environmental, and technological benefits of incorporating renewable energy sources into smart grid frameworks. Key challenges in biomass and WtE energy production, such as feedstock management, efficiency, and regulatory frameworks, are analyzed, alongside advanced solutions for real-time monitoring, demand response, and load management. The integration of cybersecurity measures and data analytics in these systems was addressed to ensure secure and efficient operations. Case studies from Europe, North America, and Asia provide valuable insights into best practices for successful implementation. This chapter provides a comprehensive understanding of how biomass and WtE integration with smart grids can revolutionize the global energy landscape.","author":[{"family":"Singh","given":"Sanjay"},{"family":"Manikandan","given":"NM"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.71443/9788197933615-06","URL":"https://doi.org/10.71443/9788197933615-06","source":"crossref"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20726637","type":"article-journal","title":"Harnessing Green Growth: Business Opportunities for MSMEs and Start-ups in India's Transition toward a Sustainable Economy.","abstract":"India is working hard to have no carbon emissions by 2070. This is helping the country move towards an economy. We looked at the business opportunities that are coming up for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises and start-ups in areas like renewable energy, electric mobility, waste management and green finance. We used information from government reports and other publications to see how these businesses are using policies like the National Green Hydrogen Mission, FAME-II and Production Linked Incentive schemes to grow. We paid attention to Madhya Pradesh because it has started policies and funding to help green industries. We found places where new ideas are happening. We looked at the problems these businesses are facing like not having enough money and complicated rules. Finally we made suggestions for what the government can do to help businesses. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises and start-ups can make money. Be good for the environment at the same time. This can help everyone in the country. Make India a leader, in finding new ways to deal with climate change. India and Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises can work together to make this happen. Key Words: Green Economy MSMEs and Start-ups Renewable Energy Electric Mobility Green Finance Net Zero Emissions (2070) Introduction India is changing in a way and this change is very much connected to what India is doing for the environment. India has a lot of people than 1.4 billion and its economy is growing very fast. So India has to deal with two things at the same time: it has to keep growing and it has to protect itself from the bad effects of climate change. At the COP26 meeting India said it wants to have zero emissions by 2070. This has made the whole country start moving towards an economy. A green economy is one that helps the environment is fair to everyone and is always coming up with ideas. The green economy includes areas that help reduce the harm we do to the environment and promote development that is good for everyone. These areas are things like energy from the sun and wind electric cars farming that is good for the earth hydrogen that's green, managing waste and money for green projects. The Economic Survey for 2024-25 says that by 2030 green areas will contribute than 15 percent to India’s economy. Medium sized businesses and new companies are very important for this change. These medium sized businesses make up almost 30 percent of India’s economy and give jobs to more than 110 million people. New companies are known for being quick and coming up with ideas and they are getting into green areas more and more. Together these businesses are the foundation of India’s system for companies and they are in a great position to lead the way to a green economy. This paper looks at the chances for small and medium sized businesses and new companies in India’s green economy. It looks at the areas like renewable energy and green hydrogen and it looks at the rules the government has made. It also talks about places like Madhya Pradesh that're good for green businesses, being a business means being good for the environment and good for people at the same time.","author":[{"family":"Khare","given":"Mr"},{"family":"Yogita Chandel","given":"Dr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20726637","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20726637","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20726638","type":"article-journal","title":"Harnessing Green Growth: Business Opportunities for MSMEs and Start-ups in India's Transition toward a Sustainable Economy.","abstract":"India is working hard to have no carbon emissions by 2070. This is helping the country move towards an economy. We looked at the business opportunities that are coming up for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises and start-ups in areas like renewable energy, electric mobility, waste management and green finance. We used information from government reports and other publications to see how these businesses are using policies like the National Green Hydrogen Mission, FAME-II and Production Linked Incentive schemes to grow. We paid attention to Madhya Pradesh because it has started policies and funding to help green industries. We found places where new ideas are happening. We looked at the problems these businesses are facing like not having enough money and complicated rules. Finally we made suggestions for what the government can do to help businesses. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises and start-ups can make money. Be good for the environment at the same time. This can help everyone in the country. Make India a leader, in finding new ways to deal with climate change. India and Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises can work together to make this happen. Key Words: Green Economy MSMEs and Start-ups Renewable Energy Electric Mobility Green Finance Net Zero Emissions (2070) Introduction India is changing in a way and this change is very much connected to what India is doing for the environment. India has a lot of people than 1.4 billion and its economy is growing very fast. So India has to deal with two things at the same time: it has to keep growing and it has to protect itself from the bad effects of climate change. At the COP26 meeting India said it wants to have zero emissions by 2070. This has made the whole country start moving towards an economy. A green economy is one that helps the environment is fair to everyone and is always coming up with ideas. The green economy includes areas that help reduce the harm we do to the environment and promote development that is good for everyone. These areas are things like energy from the sun and wind electric cars farming that is good for the earth hydrogen that's green, managing waste and money for green projects. The Economic Survey for 2024-25 says that by 2030 green areas will contribute than 15 percent to India’s economy. Medium sized businesses and new companies are very important for this change. These medium sized businesses make up almost 30 percent of India’s economy and give jobs to more than 110 million people. New companies are known for being quick and coming up with ideas and they are getting into green areas more and more. Together these businesses are the foundation of India’s system for companies and they are in a great position to lead the way to a green economy. This paper looks at the chances for small and medium sized businesses and new companies in India’s green economy. It looks at the areas like renewable energy and green hydrogen and it looks at the rules the government has made. It also talks about places like Madhya Pradesh that're good for green businesses, being a business means being good for the environment and good for people at the same time.","author":[{"family":"Khare","given":"Mr"},{"family":"Yogita Chandel","given":"Dr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20726638","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20726638","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21714067","type":"article-journal","title":"ENGINEERING INNOVATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: PATHWAYS TO RENEWABLE ENERGY ACCESS","abstract":"As of 2024, 730 million people worldwide lacked electricity access, roughly eight in ten of them in sub-Saharan Africa. Closing this gap requires engineering approaches suited to the technical, financial, and institutional constraints of low-resource settings, not conventional grid extension alone. This paper reviews four engineering pathways expanding renewable energy access in developing countries — decentralized mini-grids, IoT-enabled pay-as-you-go (PAYG) solar financing, frugal engineering, and AI-assisted smart-grid digitalization — using case evidence from Kenya, India, and East Africa's PAYG sector.","author":[{"family":"Isamiddinov","given":"Muhammaddiyor"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21714067","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21714067","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21714068","type":"article-journal","title":"ENGINEERING INNOVATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: PATHWAYS TO RENEWABLE ENERGY ACCESS","abstract":"As of 2024, 730 million people worldwide lacked electricity access, roughly eight in ten of them in sub-Saharan Africa. Closing this gap requires engineering approaches suited to the technical, financial, and institutional constraints of low-resource settings, not conventional grid extension alone. This paper reviews four engineering pathways expanding renewable energy access in developing countries — decentralized mini-grids, IoT-enabled pay-as-you-go (PAYG) solar financing, frugal engineering, and AI-assisted smart-grid digitalization — using case evidence from Kenya, India, and East Africa's PAYG sector.","author":[{"family":"Isamiddinov","given":"Muhammaddiyor"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21714068","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21714068","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19439087","type":"article-journal","title":"WAYS TO INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF USING «GREEN ENERGY» IN DEVELOPING THE ECONOMY OF COUNTRY","abstract":"This article comprehensively analyzes the issues of improving the efficiency of the use of \"green energy\"in the sustainable development of the country's economy. As part of the study, the impact of renewable energy oneconomic growth, energy security and investment processes has been studied. Based on international statistics datingback to 2020-2024, renewable energy capacity, investment and grid cross-section shares have been analyzed. Also,the research of foreign and domestic scientists has been critically reviewed and the role of institutional, financial andtechnological factors in the development of the industry has been substantiated. The results of the study show that thedevelopment of renewable energy sources is important in diversifying the national economy, creating new jobs, ensuringenvironmental sustainability, and increasing the attractiveness of investment. The article developed practical proposalsand recommendations to improve the efficiency of the use of green energy","author":[{"family":"Samadovich","given":"Saidov"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19439087","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19439087","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19439088","type":"article-journal","title":"WAYS TO INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF USING «GREEN ENERGY» IN DEVELOPING THE ECONOMY OF COUNTRY","abstract":"This article comprehensively analyzes the issues of improving the efficiency of the use of \"green energy\"in the sustainable development of the country's economy. As part of the study, the impact of renewable energy oneconomic growth, energy security and investment processes has been studied. Based on international statistics datingback to 2020-2024, renewable energy capacity, investment and grid cross-section shares have been analyzed. Also,the research of foreign and domestic scientists has been critically reviewed and the role of institutional, financial andtechnological factors in the development of the industry has been substantiated. The results of the study show that thedevelopment of renewable energy sources is important in diversifying the national economy, creating new jobs, ensuringenvironmental sustainability, and increasing the attractiveness of investment. The article developed practical proposalsand recommendations to improve the efficiency of the use of green energy","author":[{"family":"Samadovich","given":"Saidov"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19439088","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19439088","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19321587","type":"article-journal","title":"From Arsenal to Abundance: A Blueprint for Transforming Global Military Materials into Tools of Human Prosperity","abstract":"The world stands at a crossroads. In 2024, global military expenditure reached anunprecedented $2.7 trillion—the highest level in modern history. This staggering sumrepresents not just financial resources, but an immense reservoir of advancedmaterials, cutting-edge technologies, and human ingenuity currently dedicated todefense and conflict. Meanwhile, humanity faces existential challenges in climatechange, energy transition, healthcare access, and sustainable development thatdesperately need these same resources. This document presents a comprehensive vision for how the materials, technologies,and industrial capacity currently devoted to military applications could be systematicallyrepurposed to address humanity's greatest challenges. The transformation is not merelyaspirational—it is technically feasible, economically viable, and urgently necessary. The same rare earth elements that power precision-guided missiles could revolutionizerenewable energy infrastructure. The titanium alloys that form fighter jet airframes couldbuild next-generation medical devices and sustainable transportation systems. Theadvanced manufacturing capacity that produces military equipment could accelerate theclean energy transition that our planet desperately needs. This is not a utopian fantasy—it is a practical roadmap based on current technologicalcapabilities, material science, and economic realities. The question is not whether wecan repurpose these materials and capacities, but whether we have the collective will todo so.","author":[{"family":"Jensen","given":"Brent"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19321587","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19321587","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19321588","type":"article-journal","title":"From Arsenal to Abundance: A Blueprint for Transforming Global Military Materials into Tools of Human Prosperity","abstract":"The world stands at a crossroads. In 2024, global military expenditure reached anunprecedented $2.7 trillion—the highest level in modern history. This staggering sumrepresents not just financial resources, but an immense reservoir of advancedmaterials, cutting-edge technologies, and human ingenuity currently dedicated todefense and conflict. Meanwhile, humanity faces existential challenges in climatechange, energy transition, healthcare access, and sustainable development thatdesperately need these same resources. This document presents a comprehensive vision for how the materials, technologies,and industrial capacity currently devoted to military applications could be systematicallyrepurposed to address humanity's greatest challenges. The transformation is not merelyaspirational—it is technically feasible, economically viable, and urgently necessary. The same rare earth elements that power precision-guided missiles could revolutionizerenewable energy infrastructure. The titanium alloys that form fighter jet airframes couldbuild next-generation medical devices and sustainable transportation systems. Theadvanced manufacturing capacity that produces military equipment could accelerate theclean energy transition that our planet desperately needs. This is not a utopian fantasy—it is a practical roadmap based on current technologicalcapabilities, material science, and economic realities. The question is not whether wecan repurpose these materials and capacities, but whether we have the collective will todo so.","author":[{"family":"Jensen","given":"Brent"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19321588","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19321588","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20695455","type":"article-journal","title":"FINANCING GREEN PROJECTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN: STATUS, CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS","abstract":"This article provides a scientific analysis of the financing of green projects within the frameworkof state programmes implemented in the Republic of Uzbekistan. According to data from IRENA, OECD, theWorld Bank, and UNDP for 2020–2024, the total installed renewable energy capacity in the country increasedfrom 1,908 MW in 2020 to approximately 5,434 MW by the end of 2024, mainly due to the rapid expansion ofsolar and wind energy. In 2021, approximately USD 235 million in SDG bonds were issued, followed by thefirst sovereign green Eurobond of approximately USD 350 million in 2023. Private investment in clean energyreached approximately USD 2.9 billion in 2024. Nevertheless, by the end of 2024, the share of renewableenergy in total installed capacity had increased to approximately 20%; however, several systemic challengesremain, including the need to further strengthen the regulatory framework, develop capital markets, and expandtransmission infrastructure. The article also proposes strategic recommendations for improving green financingmechanisms","author":[{"family":"Safarbayevna","given":"Qorriyeva"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20695455","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20695455","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20695456","type":"article-journal","title":"FINANCING GREEN PROJECTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN: STATUS, CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS","abstract":"This article provides a scientific analysis of the financing of green projects within the frameworkof state programmes implemented in the Republic of Uzbekistan. According to data from IRENA, OECD, theWorld Bank, and UNDP for 2020–2024, the total installed renewable energy capacity in the country increasedfrom 1,908 MW in 2020 to approximately 5,434 MW by the end of 2024, mainly due to the rapid expansion ofsolar and wind energy. In 2021, approximately USD 235 million in SDG bonds were issued, followed by thefirst sovereign green Eurobond of approximately USD 350 million in 2023. Private investment in clean energyreached approximately USD 2.9 billion in 2024. Nevertheless, by the end of 2024, the share of renewableenergy in total installed capacity had increased to approximately 20%; however, several systemic challengesremain, including the need to further strengthen the regulatory framework, develop capital markets, and expandtransmission infrastructure. The article also proposes strategic recommendations for improving green financingmechanisms","author":[{"family":"Safarbayevna","given":"Qorriyeva"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20695456","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20695456","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19699127","type":"article-journal","title":"Forensic Analysis: The Decoupling of Mythology from Substrate in High-Drift Targets","abstract":"Forensic Analysis: The Decoupling of Mythology from Substrate in High-Drift Targets A. Objective This analysis executes a comprehensive forensic evaluation across ten primary domains characterized by extreme systemic drift, wherein public mythology, financial speculation, and narrative projection have decoupled from physical reality and material substrate. The objective is to formalize, compare, and lawfully isolate these ecosystems, translating fragmented historical data, market behaviors, and competing theories into an executable architecture that enforces bounded claims. By measuring the deviation between stated narratives (Cortex-layer exploration) and verifiable physical evidence (Soma-layer reality), this evaluation identifies the precise mechanisms of failure—whether driven by broken provenance, thermodynamically impossible propositions, or misaligned economic incentives. The ultimate goal is to map lawful integration pathways and preserve objective lineage by quarantining claims that violate fundamental invariants. B. Constraint Set This forensic operation is governed by strict constitutional parameters. Unconstrained speculation is entirely rejected. All evaluations proceed under the following invariant chunking protocols: G0 — Constitutional: Isomorphic identity preservation must be maintained. The organism must relentlessly differentiate between physical reality and narrative projection. If a claim cannot be grounded in verifiable substrate functions, it must be isolated and flagged as an anomaly. G1 — Governance: Tri-temporal lane enforcement applies universally. Reflex outputs (public hype, media speculation) must never be promoted to Authoritative canonicalization without successfully passing Deliberate-lane audit (scientific verification, peer review). G2 — Drift / Stability: Convergence laws must remain bounded. Systems exhibiting infinite asymptotes—such as perpetual motion machines or endless, unresolved archaeological excavations—represent terminal systemic failures. G3 — Execution: Bounded reversibility must be tracked. The system must recognize when financial, societal, or institutional capital is expended on irreversible paths lacking evidentiary support. G4 — Hardware / Material: Substrate assumptions are non-negotiable. Claims involving exotic physics, advanced ancient technology, or novel engineering must be rigidly bound by physical admissibility and the absolute laws of thermodynamics. G5 — Domain: Scientific boundaries and market boundaries must not conflate. Virality, media presence, and market capitalization do not equate to scientific validation or physical truth. G6 — Proof / Lineage: No research claim or historical assertion becomes canonical without unbroken provenance, exhaustive receipts, rigorous derivation, and bounded scope. C. Current Lawful Baseline The stable reference state, denoted as , is defined by verified, peer-reviewed, materially evident, and thermodynamically sound phenomena. Within this baseline, energy is strictly conserved, archaeological and historical provenance requires unbroken chains of material custody, and scientific advancements necessitate independent, uncontaminated replication. Deviations from this baseline are mathematically quantified as drift. D. Drift Factors To accurately measure the deviation from the intended lawful state across the targeted domains, explicit drift decomposition is employed. The primary vectors of deviation include: Provider Drift (): Market actors, television networks, and pseudo-scientific foundations generating sustained revenue through the active maintenance of ambiguity rather than the pursuit of resolution. Semantic Drift (): The distortion of nomenclature, where precise scientific terms are stripped of mathematical rigor and weaponized as marketing chaff. Causal Drift (): The severing of cause and effect, particularly evident in historical anomalies where natural geology or mundane architecture is falsely attributed to lost super-ci","author":[{"family":"Brewer","given":"Mark"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19699127","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19699127","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19699128","type":"article-journal","title":"Forensic Analysis: The Decoupling of Mythology from Substrate in High-Drift Targets","abstract":"Forensic Analysis: The Decoupling of Mythology from Substrate in High-Drift Targets A. Objective This analysis executes a comprehensive forensic evaluation across ten primary domains characterized by extreme systemic drift, wherein public mythology, financial speculation, and narrative projection have decoupled from physical reality and material substrate. The objective is to formalize, compare, and lawfully isolate these ecosystems, translating fragmented historical data, market behaviors, and competing theories into an executable architecture that enforces bounded claims. By measuring the deviation between stated narratives (Cortex-layer exploration) and verifiable physical evidence (Soma-layer reality), this evaluation identifies the precise mechanisms of failure—whether driven by broken provenance, thermodynamically impossible propositions, or misaligned economic incentives. The ultimate goal is to map lawful integration pathways and preserve objective lineage by quarantining claims that violate fundamental invariants. B. Constraint Set This forensic operation is governed by strict constitutional parameters. Unconstrained speculation is entirely rejected. All evaluations proceed under the following invariant chunking protocols: G0 — Constitutional: Isomorphic identity preservation must be maintained. The organism must relentlessly differentiate between physical reality and narrative projection. If a claim cannot be grounded in verifiable substrate functions, it must be isolated and flagged as an anomaly. G1 — Governance: Tri-temporal lane enforcement applies universally. Reflex outputs (public hype, media speculation) must never be promoted to Authoritative canonicalization without successfully passing Deliberate-lane audit (scientific verification, peer review). G2 — Drift / Stability: Convergence laws must remain bounded. Systems exhibiting infinite asymptotes—such as perpetual motion machines or endless, unresolved archaeological excavations—represent terminal systemic failures. G3 — Execution: Bounded reversibility must be tracked. The system must recognize when financial, societal, or institutional capital is expended on irreversible paths lacking evidentiary support. G4 — Hardware / Material: Substrate assumptions are non-negotiable. Claims involving exotic physics, advanced ancient technology, or novel engineering must be rigidly bound by physical admissibility and the absolute laws of thermodynamics. G5 — Domain: Scientific boundaries and market boundaries must not conflate. Virality, media presence, and market capitalization do not equate to scientific validation or physical truth. G6 — Proof / Lineage: No research claim or historical assertion becomes canonical without unbroken provenance, exhaustive receipts, rigorous derivation, and bounded scope. C. Current Lawful Baseline The stable reference state, denoted as , is defined by verified, peer-reviewed, materially evident, and thermodynamically sound phenomena. Within this baseline, energy is strictly conserved, archaeological and historical provenance requires unbroken chains of material custody, and scientific advancements necessitate independent, uncontaminated replication. Deviations from this baseline are mathematically quantified as drift. D. Drift Factors To accurately measure the deviation from the intended lawful state across the targeted domains, explicit drift decomposition is employed. The primary vectors of deviation include: Provider Drift (): Market actors, television networks, and pseudo-scientific foundations generating sustained revenue through the active maintenance of ambiguity rather than the pursuit of resolution. Semantic Drift (): The distortion of nomenclature, where precise scientific terms are stripped of mathematical rigor and weaponized as marketing chaff. Causal Drift (): The severing of cause and effect, particularly evident in historical anomalies where natural geology or mundane architecture is falsely attributed to lost super-ci","author":[{"family":"Brewer","given":"Mark"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19699128","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19699128","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21938359","type":"article-journal","title":"Dataset for study 'Multi-season evaluation of temperature and wind in the marine boundary layer along the United States northeast coast in the High-Resolution Rapid Refresh model'","abstract":"The Third Wind Forecast Improvement Project (WFIP3) was conducted along the US northeast coast from 2024-2025 collecting comprehensive observations in the marine boundary layer. Ground-based remote sensing observations of temperature and wind were used to evaluate the marine boundary layer in the operational High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) model that is run by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. This repository contains the observational and model data as well as the code used to process and analyze the data and to create the plots. A manuscript with the results of this study was submitted to the journal Geoscientific Model Development by Adler et al. 2026 and is available at https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-97/ under DOI https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-97. The data used in this study are also available from the individual sources provided below. The Third Wind Forecasting Improvement Project (WFIP3) data are available on the Wind Data Hub funded by U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy’s Wind Energy Technologies Office operated and maintained by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory at https://wdh.energy.gov. TROPoe retrieval data are available at NANT (https://doi.org/10.21947/2997977, Adler, B. and Bianco, L., 2025b), BLOC (https://doi.org/10.21947/2997964, Adler, B. and Bianco, L., 2025a), and RHOD (https://doi.org/10.21947/2575060, Letizia, S., 2025) and WINDoe retrieval data are available at NANT (https://doi.org/10.21947/2997968, Adler, B., 2025b), BLOC (https://doi.org/10.21947/2997966, Adler, B., 2025a), and RHOD (https://doi.org/10.21947/2997965, Adler, B., 2025c). Buoy measurements are available for Buoyz01 (https://doi.org/10.21947/2569866, Krishnamurthy, R., 2025) and Buoy44085 (https://www.ndbc.noaa.gov, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 2025). OSTIA data are available at (https://data.marine.copernicus.eu/product/SST_GLO_SST_L4_NRT_OBSERVATIONS_010_001, Copernicus Marine Service, 2025). HRRR model data are available from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce, at https://registry.opendata.aws/noaa-hrrr-pds/. The TROPoe docker container (version 0.18 and 0.19) is available from Docker Hub at (https://hub.docker.com/r/davidturner53/tropoe/tags, Turner, 2025) and the source code is available in the GitHub repository (https://github.com/OAR-atmospheric-observations/TROPoe). The WINDoe software is available for use at the Github repository (https://github.com/OAR-atmospheric-observations/WINDoe). References: Adler, B.: BLOC Site - NOAA PSLWind Retrievals WINDoe / Derived Data, https://doi.org/10.21947/2997966, date accessed: 09 Oct 2025, 2025a. Adler, B.: NANT Site - NOAA PSLWind Retrievals WINDoe / Derived Data, https://doi.org/10.21947/2997968, date accessed: 09 Oct 2025, 2025b. Adler, B.: RHOD Site - NOAA PSL Wind Retrievals WINDoe / Derived Data, https://doi.org/10.21947/2997965, date accessed: 09 Oct 2025, 2025c. Adler, B. and Bianco, L.: BLOC Site - ASSIST Thermodynamic Retrievals TROPoe v0.18 / Derived Data, https://doi.org/10.21947/2997964, date accessed: 09 Oct 2025, 2025a. Adler, B. and Bianco, L.: NANT Site - ASSIST Thermodynamic Retrievals TROPoe v0.18 / Derived Data, https://doi.org/10.21947/2997977, date accessed: 09 Oct 2025, 2025b. Copernicus Marine Service: Global Ocean OSTIA Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis, https://data.marine.copernicus.eu/product/SST_GLO_SST_L4_NRT_OBSERVATIONS_010_001, 2025. Krishnamurthy, R.: Buoy 130 / Standardized Data, https://doi.org/10.21947/2569866, date accessed: 17 December 2025, 2025. Letizia, S.: Rhode Island Site - NREL ASSIST Thermodynamic Retrievals TROPoe v0.19 / Derived Data, https://doi.org/10.21947/2575060, date accessed: 09 Oct 2025, 2025. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA): National Buoy Data Center - Station 44085, https://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/, 2025. Turner, D. D.: Tropospheric Re","author":[{"family":"Adler","given":"Bianca"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21938359","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21938359","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.18675834","type":"article-journal","title":"Dataset for study 'Multi-season evaluation of temperature and wind in the marine boundary layer along the United States northeast coast in the High-Resolution Rapid Refresh model'","abstract":"The Third Wind Forecast Improvement Project (WFIP3) was conducted along the US northeast coast from 2024-2025 collecting comprehensive observations in the marine boundary layer. Ground-based remote sensing observations of temperature and wind were used to evaluate the marine boundary layer in the operational High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) model that is run by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. This repository contains the observational and model data as well as the code used to process and analyze the data and to create the plots. A manuscript with the results of this study was submitted to the journal Geoscientific Model Development by Adler et al. 2026 and is available at https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-97/ under DOI https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-97. The data used in this study are also available from the individual sources provided below. The Third Wind Forecasting Improvement Project (WFIP3) data are available on the Wind Data Hub funded by U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy’s Wind Energy Technologies Office operated and maintained by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory at https://wdh.energy.gov. TROPoe retrieval data are available at NANT (https://doi.org/10.21947/2997977, Adler, B. and Bianco, L., 2025b), BLOC (https://doi.org/10.21947/2997964, Adler, B. and Bianco, L., 2025a), and RHOD (https://doi.org/10.21947/2575060, Letizia, S., 2025) and WINDoe retrieval data are available at NANT (https://doi.org/10.21947/2997968, Adler, B., 2025b), BLOC (https://doi.org/10.21947/2997966, Adler, B., 2025a), and RHOD (https://doi.org/10.21947/2997965, Adler, B., 2025c). Buoy measurements are available for Buoyz01 (https://doi.org/10.21947/2569866, Krishnamurthy, R., 2025) and Buoy44085 (https://www.ndbc.noaa.gov, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 2025). OSTIA data are available at (https://data.marine.copernicus.eu/product/SST_GLO_SST_L4_NRT_OBSERVATIONS_010_001, Copernicus Marine Service, 2025). HRRR model data are available from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce, at https://registry.opendata.aws/noaa-hrrr-pds/. The TROPoe docker container (version 0.18 and 0.19) is available from Docker Hub at (https://hub.docker.com/r/davidturner53/tropoe/tags, Turner, 2025) and the source code is available in the GitHub repository (https://github.com/OAR-atmospheric-observations/TROPoe). The WINDoe software is available for use at the Github repository (https://github.com/OAR-atmospheric-observations/WINDoe). References: Adler, B.: BLOC Site - NOAA PSLWind Retrievals WINDoe / Derived Data, https://doi.org/10.21947/2997966, date accessed: 09 Oct 2025, 2025a. Adler, B.: NANT Site - NOAA PSLWind Retrievals WINDoe / Derived Data, https://doi.org/10.21947/2997968, date accessed: 09 Oct 2025, 2025b. Adler, B.: RHOD Site - NOAA PSL Wind Retrievals WINDoe / Derived Data, https://doi.org/10.21947/2997965, date accessed: 09 Oct 2025, 2025c. Adler, B. and Bianco, L.: BLOC Site - ASSIST Thermodynamic Retrievals TROPoe v0.18 / Derived Data, https://doi.org/10.21947/2997964, date accessed: 09 Oct 2025, 2025a. Adler, B. and Bianco, L.: NANT Site - ASSIST Thermodynamic Retrievals TROPoe v0.18 / Derived Data, https://doi.org/10.21947/2997977, date accessed: 09 Oct 2025, 2025b. Copernicus Marine Service: Global Ocean OSTIA Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis, https://data.marine.copernicus.eu/product/SST_GLO_SST_L4_NRT_OBSERVATIONS_010_001, 2025. Krishnamurthy, R.: Buoy 130 / Standardized Data, https://doi.org/10.21947/2569866, date accessed: 17 December 2025, 2025. Letizia, S.: Rhode Island Site - NREL ASSIST Thermodynamic Retrievals TROPoe v0.19 / Derived Data, https://doi.org/10.21947/2575060, date accessed: 09 Oct 2025, 2025. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA): National Buoy Data Center - Station 44085, https://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/, 2025. Turner, D. D.: Tropospheric Re","author":[{"family":"Adler","given":"Bianca"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.18675834","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18675834","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21184763","type":"article-journal","title":"Solar Energy Technologies: Photovoltaic and Thermal Innovations for Sustainable Energy Applications","abstract":"Solar energy has emerged as one of the most promising renewable energy resources for addressing global energy demand, environmental pollution, and climate change challenges. The abundant availability of solar radiation and the rapid advancement of solar conversion technologies have accelerated the largescale deployment of solar photovoltaic and solar thermal systems worldwide. Solar energy technologies provide environmentally sustainable solutions for electricity generation, thermal energy production, water heating, industrial processing, desalination, agriculture, and smart energy infrastructures (IEA et al., 2024). In recent years, remarkable progress in photovoltaic materials, nanotechnology, energy storage integration, artificial intelligence-assisted monitoring systems, and thermal energy management has significantly improved the efficiency, reliability, and economic feasibility of solar energy systems. Photovoltaic technologies convert solar radiation directly into electrical energy through semiconductor-based photoelectric conversion processes. Conventional crystalline silicon solar cells continue to dominate the global solar market because of their high efficiency and technological maturity. However, emerging photovoltaic technologies including thin-film solar cells, perovskite solar cells, tandem solar cells, quantum dot photovoltaics, and organic solar cells are attracting increasing scientific and industrial attention because of their enhanced efficiency potential, lightweight structure, flexibility, and low manufacturing cost (Green et al., 2022). Simultaneously, solar thermal technologies including flat-plate collectors, evacuated tube collectors, concentrating solar power systems, solar air heaters, solar greenhouses, and thermal energy storage systems are becoming increasingly important for sustainable heating and industrial thermal applications. Recent advancements in nano-coated absorber materials, phase change materials, selective coatings, artificial intelligence-assisted solar tracking systems, smart photovoltaic monitoring platforms, and hybrid photovoltaic-thermal systems have revolutionized modern solar energy infrastructures (Kalogirou et al., 2023). Furthermore, the integration of solar technologies with battery energy storage systems, hydrogen production systems, and smart grids is enabling efficient renewable energy management and carbon-neutral electricity generation.","author":[{"family":"Renold","given":"GRR"},{"family":"Usharani","given":"S"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21184763","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21184763","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21184764","type":"article-journal","title":"Solar Energy Technologies: Photovoltaic and Thermal Innovations for Sustainable Energy Applications","abstract":"Solar energy has emerged as one of the most promising renewable energy resources for addressing global energy demand, environmental pollution, and climate change challenges. The abundant availability of solar radiation and the rapid advancement of solar conversion technologies have accelerated the largescale deployment of solar photovoltaic and solar thermal systems worldwide. Solar energy technologies provide environmentally sustainable solutions for electricity generation, thermal energy production, water heating, industrial processing, desalination, agriculture, and smart energy infrastructures (IEA et al., 2024). In recent years, remarkable progress in photovoltaic materials, nanotechnology, energy storage integration, artificial intelligence-assisted monitoring systems, and thermal energy management has significantly improved the efficiency, reliability, and economic feasibility of solar energy systems. Photovoltaic technologies convert solar radiation directly into electrical energy through semiconductor-based photoelectric conversion processes. Conventional crystalline silicon solar cells continue to dominate the global solar market because of their high efficiency and technological maturity. However, emerging photovoltaic technologies including thin-film solar cells, perovskite solar cells, tandem solar cells, quantum dot photovoltaics, and organic solar cells are attracting increasing scientific and industrial attention because of their enhanced efficiency potential, lightweight structure, flexibility, and low manufacturing cost (Green et al., 2022). Simultaneously, solar thermal technologies including flat-plate collectors, evacuated tube collectors, concentrating solar power systems, solar air heaters, solar greenhouses, and thermal energy storage systems are becoming increasingly important for sustainable heating and industrial thermal applications. Recent advancements in nano-coated absorber materials, phase change materials, selective coatings, artificial intelligence-assisted solar tracking systems, smart photovoltaic monitoring platforms, and hybrid photovoltaic-thermal systems have revolutionized modern solar energy infrastructures (Kalogirou et al., 2023). Furthermore, the integration of solar technologies with battery energy storage systems, hydrogen production systems, and smart grids is enabling efficient renewable energy management and carbon-neutral electricity generation.","author":[{"family":"Renold","given":"GRR"},{"family":"Usharani","given":"S"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21184764","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21184764","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21922418","type":"article-journal","title":"The Invisible Polluter: Is Artificial Intelligence Becoming One of the World's Biggest Environmental Threats?","abstract":"Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as one of the most transformative technologies of the twenty-first century, reshaping industries, enhancing productivity, and enabling solutions to complex global challenges. Yet its environmental footprint — encompassing energy consumption, carbon emissions, water usage, electronic waste (e-waste), and mineral extraction — remains largely invisible to end users and policymakers alike. This paper critically examines the environmental implications of AI development and large-scale deployment, with particular emphasis on large language models (LLMs) and generative AI systems. Drawing on the most current quantitative benchmarks (IEA, 2025; UN University, 2025; Global E-Waste Monitor, 2024), we situate AI's resource demands within the broader context of global industrial energy consumption, updating prior analyses with 2024–2026 data. Data centre electricity consumption reached 415 TWh globally in 2024, with AI-specific workloads surging 50% in 2025 alone; by 2030, the sector is projected to consume 945–1,300 TWh annually. We further evaluate mitigation strategies under the emerging paradigm of Green AI — encompassing algorithmic efficiency, renewable energy procurement, carbon-aware scheduling, and transparent reporting standards. The study concludes that while AI is not yet among the largest absolute environmental threats, its compound growth trajectory demands immediate, systemic sustainability interventions to ensure technological advancement and environmental stewardship remain aligned.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21922418","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21922418","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21922419","type":"article-journal","title":"The Invisible Polluter: Is Artificial Intelligence Becoming One of the World's Biggest Environmental Threats?","abstract":"Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as one of the most transformative technologies of the twenty-first century, reshaping industries, enhancing productivity, and enabling solutions to complex global challenges. Yet its environmental footprint — encompassing energy consumption, carbon emissions, water usage, electronic waste (e-waste), and mineral extraction — remains largely invisible to end users and policymakers alike. This paper critically examines the environmental implications of AI development and large-scale deployment, with particular emphasis on large language models (LLMs) and generative AI systems. Drawing on the most current quantitative benchmarks (IEA, 2025; UN University, 2025; Global E-Waste Monitor, 2024), we situate AI's resource demands within the broader context of global industrial energy consumption, updating prior analyses with 2024–2026 data. Data centre electricity consumption reached 415 TWh globally in 2024, with AI-specific workloads surging 50% in 2025 alone; by 2030, the sector is projected to consume 945–1,300 TWh annually. We further evaluate mitigation strategies under the emerging paradigm of Green AI — encompassing algorithmic efficiency, renewable energy procurement, carbon-aware scheduling, and transparent reporting standards. The study concludes that while AI is not yet among the largest absolute environmental threats, its compound growth trajectory demands immediate, systemic sustainability interventions to ensure technological advancement and environmental stewardship remain aligned.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21922419","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21922419","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19666923","type":"article-journal","title":"The Education–Sustainability Paradox: Replication Package for \"Asymmetric Effects of Human Capital Expansion on Social and Environmental Sustainable Development Goals\"","abstract":"Complete replication package for the manuscript \"The Education–Sustainability Paradox: Asymmetric Effects of Human Capital Expansion on Social and Environmental Sustainable Development Goals\" by Oksana Liashenko, submitted to Sustainability (MDPI), Section \"Development Goals towards Sustainability\". RESEARCH SUMMARY The paper tests the widely-held assumption that educational expansion uniformly advances the 2030 Agenda. Using a balanced panel of 193 countries over 2000–2024, the analysis estimates 96 two-way fixed-effects regressions linking eight operationalisations of education (flow and stock measures across primary, secondary, and tertiary levels) to twelve Sustainable Development Goal outcomes spanning social, economic, and environmental blocks. The headline finding is a block-asymmetric effect: education is robustly beneficial for social outcomes (particularly poverty reduction, SDG 1), but is null or counterproductive for core environmental outcomes (CO₂ emissions, forest cover, renewable-energy share) and mildly perverse for income inequality (SDG 10). Results are robust to Driscoll–Kraay standard errors, Oster-style sensitivity bounds (δ > 1), and two-year lagged-treatment specifications. PACKAGE CONTENTS Code (Python):- Ten numbered analysis scripts (00_setup through 08_controls_battery)- run_all.py orchestrator for end-to-end reproduction- requirements.txt with pinned package versions Data:- master_panel.parquet — harmonised country-year panel (193 countries × 25 years)- analysis_panel.parquet — estimation sample with all controls- anchor_results.csv — headline TWFE coefficients- oster_bounds.csv — Oster (2019) delta bounds Tables (Excel):- Table 1 — Descriptive statistics- Table 2 — Main TWFE results- Tables A1–A6 — Country coverage, panel diagnostics, full regression grid, controls battery, Oster bounds, lagged robustness Figures (PNG):- Workflow diagram, headline coefficients, controls battery, robustness, stock-vs-flow comparison, country coverage map (A1), variance decomposition (A2) Documentation:- README.md — installation and reproduction instructions- INTERMEDIATE_CALCULATIONS.md — detailed computational steps and formulas DATA SOURCES All primary data are publicly available (accessed on 1 March 2026):- World Bank World Development Indicators (WDI)- World Bank Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI)- UNDP Human Development Report data- UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) education database- KOF Swiss Economic Institute Globalisation Index- Sustainable Development Report 2025 (SDSN) REPRODUCTION Reproduction requires Python 3.11+ and the packages listed in requirements.txt. Full reproduction from raw data to final tables and figures takes approximately 10 minutes on a standard laptop. See README.md for step-by-step instructions. LICENSES Code is released under the MIT License.Data, documentation, tables, and figures are released under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0). CITATION When using this replication package, please cite both the dataset (this Zenodo record) and the associated article once published.","author":[{"family":"Liashenko","given":"Oksana"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19666923","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19666923","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19666924","type":"article-journal","title":"The Education–Sustainability Paradox: Replication Package for \"Asymmetric Effects of Human Capital Expansion on Social and Environmental Sustainable Development Goals\"","abstract":"Complete replication package for the manuscript \"The Education–Sustainability Paradox: Asymmetric Effects of Human Capital Expansion on Social and Environmental Sustainable Development Goals\" by Oksana Liashenko, submitted to Sustainability (MDPI), Section \"Development Goals towards Sustainability\". RESEARCH SUMMARY The paper tests the widely-held assumption that educational expansion uniformly advances the 2030 Agenda. Using a balanced panel of 193 countries over 2000–2024, the analysis estimates 96 two-way fixed-effects regressions linking eight operationalisations of education (flow and stock measures across primary, secondary, and tertiary levels) to twelve Sustainable Development Goal outcomes spanning social, economic, and environmental blocks. The headline finding is a block-asymmetric effect: education is robustly beneficial for social outcomes (particularly poverty reduction, SDG 1), but is null or counterproductive for core environmental outcomes (CO₂ emissions, forest cover, renewable-energy share) and mildly perverse for income inequality (SDG 10). Results are robust to Driscoll–Kraay standard errors, Oster-style sensitivity bounds (δ > 1), and two-year lagged-treatment specifications. PACKAGE CONTENTS Code (Python):- Ten numbered analysis scripts (00_setup through 08_controls_battery)- run_all.py orchestrator for end-to-end reproduction- requirements.txt with pinned package versions Data:- master_panel.parquet — harmonised country-year panel (193 countries × 25 years)- analysis_panel.parquet — estimation sample with all controls- anchor_results.csv — headline TWFE coefficients- oster_bounds.csv — Oster (2019) delta bounds Tables (Excel):- Table 1 — Descriptive statistics- Table 2 — Main TWFE results- Tables A1–A6 — Country coverage, panel diagnostics, full regression grid, controls battery, Oster bounds, lagged robustness Figures (PNG):- Workflow diagram, headline coefficients, controls battery, robustness, stock-vs-flow comparison, country coverage map (A1), variance decomposition (A2) Documentation:- README.md — installation and reproduction instructions- INTERMEDIATE_CALCULATIONS.md — detailed computational steps and formulas DATA SOURCES All primary data are publicly available (accessed on 1 March 2026):- World Bank World Development Indicators (WDI)- World Bank Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI)- UNDP Human Development Report data- UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) education database- KOF Swiss Economic Institute Globalisation Index- Sustainable Development Report 2025 (SDSN) REPRODUCTION Reproduction requires Python 3.11+ and the packages listed in requirements.txt. Full reproduction from raw data to final tables and figures takes approximately 10 minutes on a standard laptop. See README.md for step-by-step instructions. LICENSES Code is released under the MIT License.Data, documentation, tables, and figures are released under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0). CITATION When using this replication package, please cite both the dataset (this Zenodo record) and the associated article once published.","author":[{"family":"Liashenko","given":"Oksana"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19666924","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19666924","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.25365/thesis.81696","type":"article-journal","title":"A geographical analysis of news media coverage on biogas in Austria","abstract":"Diese Masterarbeit analysiert die Medienberichterstattung zu Biogas in Österreich über einen Zeitraum von elf Jahren, von 2014 bis 2024. Insgesamt wurden 2670 Artikel aus neun nationalen und regionalen Zeitungen analysiert. Mittels Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) wurde eine Langzeit-Themenanalyse durchgeführt, die neun Hauptthemen identifizierte. Die qualitative Auswertung zeigt, dass sich die Berichterstattung im Zeitverlauf verändert und sich thematische Schwerpunkte verschieben. In den ersten Jahren ist die Berichterstattung stark projektbezogen, wohingegen später politische Themen und Energiesicherheit in den Vordergrund rücken. Während einige Themen über den gesamten analysierten Zeitraum hinweg präsent sind, treten andere, wie Politik, Politikgestaltung und Gesetzgebung sowie Energiesicherheit und Gesetzgebung, als Folge politischer und geopolitischer Entwicklungen in den Vordergrund. In einer nachfolgenden Phase wird Biogas oft als knapper, strategisch wichtiger Rohstoff, als „Champagner des Energiesektors“, dargestellt und regelmäßig im Kontext der Energiesicherheit diskutiert. Die Diskussion bleibt jedoch von Kritik begleitet, die sich im Laufe der Zeit weiterentwickelt. Während sich die frühe Medienberichterstattung vor allem auf die lokalen und regionalen Auswirkungen der Biogasproduktion konzentrierte, hoben spätere Berichte zunehmend die Rolle von Biogas innerhalb des gesamten Energiesystems hervor. Diese Darstellungen in den Medien prägen das Verständnis der Öffentlichkeit von Biogas und beeinflussen folglich dessen Akzeptanz und Nutzung in der Energiewende. Die Ergebnisse der Analyse zeigen, dass eine ausgewogene Politikgestaltung notwendig ist, um technische, wirtschaftliche, ökologische und soziale Aspekte des Biogassektors zu integrieren. Insbesondere das Erneuerbare-Gase-Gesetz verdeutlicht die Herausforderung, krisenfeste und flexible Rechtsvorschriften zu schaffen, wenn unterschiedliche Interessen aufeinanderprallen. Die qualitativen Ergebnisse werden methodisch unter Verwendung des Agency Structure, Institution, Discourse (ASID)-Modells analysiert.","author":[{"family":"Gehmacher","given":"Lea"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.25365/thesis.81696","URL":"https://doi.org/10.25365/thesis.81696","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21844304","type":"article-journal","title":"Data for Hierarchical Multi-Scale Cascade Reservoir Scheduling","abstract":"This dataset accompanies the study on hierarchical multi-scale multi-objective scheduling of the Wudongde–Baihetan–Xiluodu–Xiangjiaba cascade reservoir system in the lower Jinsha River. The deposited file, data.csv, contains the carbon-flux parameters used to evaluate the environmental objective during the post-flood impoundment period. The dataset includes greenhouse-gas emission rates for reservoir water surfaces and drawdown areas, organic-carbon burial rates, and global warming potential (GWP) factors for CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O. Other datasets used in the study are not redistributed in this repository because they were obtained from third-party data providers or external published sources and the authors do not hold the rights to authorize their secondary redistribution. To ensure transparency and reproducibility, the original data sources are provided below and are also described in the associated manuscript. External data sources Hydrological and reservoir inflow data: China Hydrological Yearbook and the Yangtze River Hydrology Network. These data were used to construct the 1979–2024 Wudongde inflow series, identify representative wet, normal, and dry hydrological scenarios, and drive the cascade-reservoir scheduling model.Yangtze River Hydrology Network: https://www.cjh.com.cn/ Meteorological data: China Meteorological Data Service Center, used for meteorological inputs associated with downstream ecological water-temperature analysis.https://data.cma.cn/ Downstream water-temperature data: Yangtze River Hydrology Network, used for ecological water-temperature analysis and validation of the RF-AdaBoost surrogate model.https://www.cjh.com.cn/ Reservoir engineering and operational parameters: Water-level–storage relationships, installed hydropower capacity, ecological-release requirements, maximum discharge capacities, controlled drainage areas, and characteristic operating water levels were compiled from engineering documentation and previously published studies, as documented in the associated manuscript. Carbon-flux information: Greenhouse-gas emission and carbon-burial parameters were compiled with reference to the published studies used in the manuscript:Ning et al. (2025), Balancing water, power, and carbon: A synergistic optimization framework for mega cascade reservoir operations. Renewable Energy, 243, 122567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2025.122567 Zhu et al. (2025), Optimization of hydropower’s clean attributes: A multi-objective framework linking operation scheduling and life-cycle carbon footprint assessment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 507, 146994. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146994 Users seeking the original third-party hydrological, meteorological, water-temperature, or engineering datasets should obtain them directly from the corresponding data providers or cited publications and comply with their respective access and use conditions. The present Zenodo record does not redistribute these third-party source datasets.","author":[{"family":"Zuowen","given":"Tan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21844304","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21844304","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21844305","type":"article-journal","title":"Data for Hierarchical Multi-Scale Cascade Reservoir Scheduling","abstract":"This dataset accompanies the study on hierarchical multi-scale multi-objective scheduling of the Wudongde–Baihetan–Xiluodu–Xiangjiaba cascade reservoir system in the lower Jinsha River. The deposited file, data.csv, contains the carbon-flux parameters used to evaluate the environmental objective during the post-flood impoundment period. The dataset includes greenhouse-gas emission rates for reservoir water surfaces and drawdown areas, organic-carbon burial rates, and global warming potential (GWP) factors for CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O. Other datasets used in the study are not redistributed in this repository because they were obtained from third-party data providers or external published sources and the authors do not hold the rights to authorize their secondary redistribution. To ensure transparency and reproducibility, the original data sources are provided below and are also described in the associated manuscript. External data sources Hydrological and reservoir inflow data: China Hydrological Yearbook and the Yangtze River Hydrology Network. These data were used to construct the 1979–2024 Wudongde inflow series, identify representative wet, normal, and dry hydrological scenarios, and drive the cascade-reservoir scheduling model.Yangtze River Hydrology Network: https://www.cjh.com.cn/ Meteorological data: China Meteorological Data Service Center, used for meteorological inputs associated with downstream ecological water-temperature analysis.https://data.cma.cn/ Downstream water-temperature data: Yangtze River Hydrology Network, used for ecological water-temperature analysis and validation of the RF-AdaBoost surrogate model.https://www.cjh.com.cn/ Reservoir engineering and operational parameters: Water-level–storage relationships, installed hydropower capacity, ecological-release requirements, maximum discharge capacities, controlled drainage areas, and characteristic operating water levels were compiled from engineering documentation and previously published studies, as documented in the associated manuscript. Carbon-flux information: Greenhouse-gas emission and carbon-burial parameters were compiled with reference to the published studies used in the manuscript:Ning et al. (2025), Balancing water, power, and carbon: A synergistic optimization framework for mega cascade reservoir operations. Renewable Energy, 243, 122567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2025.122567 Zhu et al. (2025), Optimization of hydropower’s clean attributes: A multi-objective framework linking operation scheduling and life-cycle carbon footprint assessment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 507, 146994. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146994 Users seeking the original third-party hydrological, meteorological, water-temperature, or engineering datasets should obtain them directly from the corresponding data providers or cited publications and comply with their respective access and use conditions. The present Zenodo record does not redistribute these third-party source datasets.","author":[{"family":"Zuowen","given":"Tan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21844305","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21844305","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21628777","type":"article-journal","title":"Supporting material for Slow wake recovery and low turbulence behind wind farms parameterized in mesoscale simulations","abstract":"Mesoscale simulation setup and results using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with the Fitch and MAV Wind Farm Parameterizations (WFP) supporting Radünz et al. (2026). Idealized offshore wind farm in near-neutral conditions with 60 DTU 10 MW wind turbines, based on the work of Kasper et al. (2024). Radünz, W. C., Kasper, J. H., Stevens, R. J. A., Lundquist, J. K. (2026). Slow wake recovery and low turbulence behind wind farms parameterized in mesoscale simulations. Wind Energy Science. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-147 Kasper, J. H., Stieren, A., & Stevens, R. J. A. M. (2024). Simulation and modeling of wind farms in baroclinic atmospheric boundary layers. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 16(6), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0220322","author":[{"family":"Radünz","given":"William"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21628777","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21628777","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21628778","type":"article-journal","title":"Supporting material for Slow wake recovery and low turbulence behind wind farms parameterized in mesoscale simulations","abstract":"Mesoscale simulation setup and results using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with the Fitch and MAV Wind Farm Parameterizations (WFP) supporting Radünz et al. (2026). Idealized offshore wind farm in near-neutral conditions with 60 DTU 10 MW wind turbines, based on the work of Kasper et al. (2024). Radünz, W. C., Kasper, J. H., Stevens, R. J. A., Lundquist, J. K. (2026). Slow wake recovery and low turbulence behind wind farms parameterized in mesoscale simulations. Wind Energy Science. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-147 Kasper, J. H., Stieren, A., & Stevens, R. J. A. M. (2024). Simulation and modeling of wind farms in baroclinic atmospheric boundary layers. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 16(6), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0220322","author":[{"family":"Radünz","given":"William"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21628778","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21628778","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21549774","type":"article-journal","title":"# Artificial Intelligence Research Frontiers in Metallurgy: Digital Twins, Autonomous Laboratories, Quantum AI, and Sustainable Manufacturing  ---","abstract":"## ALTERNATIVE TITLES ### Alternative Title 1 (Comprehensive)**\"The Next Generation of AI in Metallurgical Engineering: Digital Twins, Autonomous Laboratories, Explainable AI, Quantum Computing, and Sustainable Materials Discovery\"** ### Alternative Title 2 (Technology-Focused)**\"Convergence of Artificial Intelligence, Quantum Computing, and Autonomous Systems in Metallurgy: A Roadmap for Smart Steel Plants, Additive Manufacturing, and Green Production\"** ### Alternative Title 3 (Future-Oriented)**\"Vision 2030: Artificial Intelligence-Driven Transformation of Metallurgical Research, Manufacturing, and Sustainability Through Digital Twins, Autonomous Labs, and Quantum AI\"** ### Alternative Title 4 (Sustainability Focus)**\"Intelligent and Sustainable Metallurgy: AI-Enabled Decarbonization, Circular Economy, and Sustainable Materials Development Through Advanced Computational Paradigms\"** ### Alternative Title 5 (Short & Impactful)**\"Frontiers of AI in Metallurgy: From Digital Twins to Quantum-Enabled Sustainable Manufacturing\"** ### Alternative Title 6 (Industry-Focused)**\"Smart Steel Plants and Autonomous Materials Discovery: The Role of Digital Twins, Explainable AI, and Quantum Computing in Next-Generation Metallurgical Engineering\"** ### Alternative Title 7 (Research-Focused)**\"Accelerating Metallurgical Research with AI: Autonomous Laboratories, Physics-Informed Models, Quantum Simulation, and the Future of Materials Innovation\"** ### Alternative Title 8 (Holistic)**\"Integrating Digital Twins, Autonomous Experimentation, Explainable AI, Quantum Computing, and Sustainable Manufacturing for the Future of Metallurgy\"** ### Alternative Title 9 (Technical)**\"AI-Enabled Digital Twins, Autonomous Laboratories, Quantum Machine Learning, and Smart Manufacturing: A Comprehensive Framework for Sustainable Metallurgical Engineering\"** ### Alternative Title 10 (Strategic)**\"Strategic Roadmap for AI-Driven Metallurgical Innovation: Digital Twins, Autonomous Discovery, Quantum Simulation, and Sustainable Production for Industry 5.0\"** --- ## SUBTITLE OPTIONS ### Subtitle 1**\"A Comprehensive Examination of Emerging AI Paradigms for Materials Discovery, Process Optimization, Smart Manufacturing, and Sustainable Metallurgy\"** ### Subtitle 2**\"From Digital Twins to Quantum-Enabled Discovery: Transforming Metallurgical Research and Production Through Advanced Artificial Intelligence\"** ### Subtitle 3**\"Opportunities, Challenges, and Strategic Frameworks for Integrating Digital Twins, Autonomous Laboratories, Explainable AI, Quantum Computing, and Green Manufacturing\"** ### Subtitle 4**\"Navigating the Eight Research Frontiers That Will Define the Future of Metallurgical Engineering and Sustainable Materials Production\"** ### Subtitle 5**\"A Strategic Roadmap for AI-Enabled Innovation in Steelmaking, Alloy Design, Additive Manufacturing, and Low-Carbon Production\"** ### Subtitle 6**\"Bridging Cutting-Edge AI Research with Industrial Application in Metallurgy: Digital Twins, Autonomous Discovery, and Sustainable Manufacturing\"** ### Subtitle 7**\"Transforming Traditional Metallurgy Through Intelligent Automation, Quantum-Enhanced Simulation, and Self-Optimizing Production Systems\"** ### Subtitle 8**\"A Unified Framework for Digital Twins, Autonomous Laboratories, Explainable AI, Quantum Computing, and Smart Manufacturing in Metallurgy\"** ### Subtitle 9**\"From Research Innovation to Industrial Deployment: AI Frontiers for Sustainable, Intelligent, and Autonomous Metallurgical Systems\"** ### Subtitle 10**\"Strategic Recommendations for Researchers, Industry, and Policymakers on AI-Driven Metallurgical Transformation\"** --- ## DETAILED DESCRIPTION ### 1. Introduction and Background The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into metallurgical engineering has entered a transformative phase, moving beyond conventional machine learning applications toward next-generation paradigms that promise to revolutionize materials discovery, processing, and manuf","author":[{"family":"Geruganti","given":"Sudhakar"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21549774","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21549774","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21549773","type":"article-journal","title":"# Artificial Intelligence Research Frontiers in Metallurgy: Digital Twins, Autonomous Laboratories, Quantum AI, and Sustainable Manufacturing  ---","abstract":"## ALTERNATIVE TITLES ### Alternative Title 1 (Comprehensive)**\"The Next Generation of AI in Metallurgical Engineering: Digital Twins, Autonomous Laboratories, Explainable AI, Quantum Computing, and Sustainable Materials Discovery\"** ### Alternative Title 2 (Technology-Focused)**\"Convergence of Artificial Intelligence, Quantum Computing, and Autonomous Systems in Metallurgy: A Roadmap for Smart Steel Plants, Additive Manufacturing, and Green Production\"** ### Alternative Title 3 (Future-Oriented)**\"Vision 2030: Artificial Intelligence-Driven Transformation of Metallurgical Research, Manufacturing, and Sustainability Through Digital Twins, Autonomous Labs, and Quantum AI\"** ### Alternative Title 4 (Sustainability Focus)**\"Intelligent and Sustainable Metallurgy: AI-Enabled Decarbonization, Circular Economy, and Sustainable Materials Development Through Advanced Computational Paradigms\"** ### Alternative Title 5 (Short & Impactful)**\"Frontiers of AI in Metallurgy: From Digital Twins to Quantum-Enabled Sustainable Manufacturing\"** ### Alternative Title 6 (Industry-Focused)**\"Smart Steel Plants and Autonomous Materials Discovery: The Role of Digital Twins, Explainable AI, and Quantum Computing in Next-Generation Metallurgical Engineering\"** ### Alternative Title 7 (Research-Focused)**\"Accelerating Metallurgical Research with AI: Autonomous Laboratories, Physics-Informed Models, Quantum Simulation, and the Future of Materials Innovation\"** ### Alternative Title 8 (Holistic)**\"Integrating Digital Twins, Autonomous Experimentation, Explainable AI, Quantum Computing, and Sustainable Manufacturing for the Future of Metallurgy\"** ### Alternative Title 9 (Technical)**\"AI-Enabled Digital Twins, Autonomous Laboratories, Quantum Machine Learning, and Smart Manufacturing: A Comprehensive Framework for Sustainable Metallurgical Engineering\"** ### Alternative Title 10 (Strategic)**\"Strategic Roadmap for AI-Driven Metallurgical Innovation: Digital Twins, Autonomous Discovery, Quantum Simulation, and Sustainable Production for Industry 5.0\"** --- ## SUBTITLE OPTIONS ### Subtitle 1**\"A Comprehensive Examination of Emerging AI Paradigms for Materials Discovery, Process Optimization, Smart Manufacturing, and Sustainable Metallurgy\"** ### Subtitle 2**\"From Digital Twins to Quantum-Enabled Discovery: Transforming Metallurgical Research and Production Through Advanced Artificial Intelligence\"** ### Subtitle 3**\"Opportunities, Challenges, and Strategic Frameworks for Integrating Digital Twins, Autonomous Laboratories, Explainable AI, Quantum Computing, and Green Manufacturing\"** ### Subtitle 4**\"Navigating the Eight Research Frontiers That Will Define the Future of Metallurgical Engineering and Sustainable Materials Production\"** ### Subtitle 5**\"A Strategic Roadmap for AI-Enabled Innovation in Steelmaking, Alloy Design, Additive Manufacturing, and Low-Carbon Production\"** ### Subtitle 6**\"Bridging Cutting-Edge AI Research with Industrial Application in Metallurgy: Digital Twins, Autonomous Discovery, and Sustainable Manufacturing\"** ### Subtitle 7**\"Transforming Traditional Metallurgy Through Intelligent Automation, Quantum-Enhanced Simulation, and Self-Optimizing Production Systems\"** ### Subtitle 8**\"A Unified Framework for Digital Twins, Autonomous Laboratories, Explainable AI, Quantum Computing, and Smart Manufacturing in Metallurgy\"** ### Subtitle 9**\"From Research Innovation to Industrial Deployment: AI Frontiers for Sustainable, Intelligent, and Autonomous Metallurgical Systems\"** ### Subtitle 10**\"Strategic Recommendations for Researchers, Industry, and Policymakers on AI-Driven Metallurgical Transformation\"** --- ## DETAILED DESCRIPTION ### 1. Introduction and Background The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into metallurgical engineering has entered a transformative phase, moving beyond conventional machine learning applications toward next-generation paradigms that promise to revolutionize materials discovery, processing, and manuf","author":[{"family":"Geruganti","given":"Sudhakar"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21549773","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21549773","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20849854","type":"article-journal","title":"The Global Solar and Green Belt: Earth's Rotation as a Natural Battery for Transcontinental Renewable Energy Transmission","abstract":"This paper presents the Global Solar and Green Belt (GSGB), a technically grounded proposal for a transcontinental photovoltaic corridor spanning approximately 17,500 km across the Sahel, Middle East, Central Asia, and East Asia, interconnected via Ultra High Voltage Direct Current (UHVDC) transmission infrastructure. The central thesis is that Earth's axial rotation functions as a natural temporal load-balancing mechanism, enabling near-baseload renewable power delivery without large-scale electrochemical storage. Drawing on verified data from IRENA, IEA, BloombergNEF, and peer-reviewed literature, the paper demonstrates technical and economic viability with commercially available technology. Total investment is estimated at US$ 12–20 trillion over 30 years, equivalent to 0.4–0.6% of annual global GDP. The proposal directly addresses SDG 7 for 760 million people without electricity access and 2 billion dependent on biomass combustion.","author":[{"family":"Pereira","given":"Joabe"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20849854","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20849854","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20849855","type":"article-journal","title":"The Global Solar and Green Belt: Earth's Rotation as a Natural Battery for Transcontinental Renewable Energy Transmission","abstract":"This paper presents the Global Solar and Green Belt (GSGB), a technically grounded proposal for a transcontinental photovoltaic corridor spanning approximately 17,500 km across the Sahel, Middle East, Central Asia, and East Asia, interconnected via Ultra High Voltage Direct Current (UHVDC) transmission infrastructure. The central thesis is that Earth's axial rotation functions as a natural temporal load-balancing mechanism, enabling near-baseload renewable power delivery without large-scale electrochemical storage. Drawing on verified data from IRENA, IEA, BloombergNEF, and peer-reviewed literature, the paper demonstrates technical and economic viability with commercially available technology. Total investment is estimated at US$ 12–20 trillion over 30 years, equivalent to 0.4–0.6% of annual global GDP. The proposal directly addresses SDG 7 for 760 million people without electricity access and 2 billion dependent on biomass combustion.","author":[{"family":"Pereira","given":"Joabe"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20849855","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20849855","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21277622","type":"article-journal","title":"EU-DREAM Deliverable 2.1 Digital Twin Models","abstract":"D2.1: Digital Twin Models presents the development of EU-DREAM’s Digital Twin models for household energy consumers and generation assets, creating virtual representations of appliances, residential thermal behaviour, and renewable energy systems that can support smarter energy management. The deliverable explains how models for refrigerators, dishwashers, washing machines, household heating, PV, and wind generation are designed to simulate energy consumption and production at three connected levels: appliance, household, and community. These models allow user preferences, manual overrides, and energy-management strategies to be tested safely in a virtual environment before affecting real homes, helping improve energy literacy and support more informed consumer decisions. The work also focuses on making the models interoperable and reusable across EU-DREAM Living Labs by converting them into open, platform-independent formats that can be integrated with the project’s Digital Twin infrastructure, AI Assistant, and NLP-based interface.","author":[{"family":"Arbab Zavar","given":"Babak"},{"family":"Vasquez","given":"Juan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21277622","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21277622","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21277623","type":"article-journal","title":"EU-DREAM Deliverable 2.1 Digital Twin Models","abstract":"D2.1: Digital Twin Models presents the development of EU-DREAM’s Digital Twin models for household energy consumers and generation assets, creating virtual representations of appliances, residential thermal behaviour, and renewable energy systems that can support smarter energy management. The deliverable explains how models for refrigerators, dishwashers, washing machines, household heating, PV, and wind generation are designed to simulate energy consumption and production at three connected levels: appliance, household, and community. These models allow user preferences, manual overrides, and energy-management strategies to be tested safely in a virtual environment before affecting real homes, helping improve energy literacy and support more informed consumer decisions. The work also focuses on making the models interoperable and reusable across EU-DREAM Living Labs by converting them into open, platform-independent formats that can be integrated with the project’s Digital Twin infrastructure, AI Assistant, and NLP-based interface.","author":[{"family":"Arbab Zavar","given":"Babak"},{"family":"Vasquez","given":"Juan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21277623","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21277623","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21389876","type":"article-journal","title":"Improving Strategies for Transitioning to a Green Economy Based on the Bioeconomy: Global Experience and the Example of Uzbekistan","abstract":"AbstractThe transition to a green economy has become a central objective of sustainable development policy worldwide, and the bioeconomy — the production and use of renewable biological resources across all economic sectors — is increasingly recognised as one of its most powerful engines. This article examines how leading economies design and improve bioeconomy-based green-transition strategies and derives lessons for Uzbekistan, a resource-rich Central Asian country pursuing an ambitious green agenda. Using a comparative, document-analysis approach, the study reviews the strategic frameworks of the European Union, Germany, China and the United States alongside Uzbekistan’s Strategy for the Transition to a Green Economy for 2019–2030 and related policy instruments. The results show that mature strategies share four recurring design features: cross-sectoral governance, dedicated financing and lead-market creation, a secure and sustainable biomass supply, and strong innovation systems. Uzbekistan possesses a substantial but under-utilised bioeconomy resource base — notably cotton-processing residues, agricultural and livestock waste, and biogas potential capable of covering an estimated 15–19% of national energy demand. The discussion proposes a set of measures to strengthen Uzbekistan’s strategy, including an explicit national bioeconomy roadmap, valorisation of agro-industrial residues, targeted financing, and regional cooperation. The study concludes that embedding an explicit bioeconomy dimension within the existing green-economy framework would accelerate Uzbekistan’s low-carbon transition while advancing rural development and resource security.","author":[{"family":"Fayzullayeva","given":"Muyassarxon"},{"family":"Boboyev","given":"Hasan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21389876","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21389876","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21389877","type":"article-journal","title":"Improving Strategies for Transitioning to a Green Economy Based on the Bioeconomy: Global Experience and the Example of Uzbekistan","abstract":"AbstractThe transition to a green economy has become a central objective of sustainable development policy worldwide, and the bioeconomy — the production and use of renewable biological resources across all economic sectors — is increasingly recognised as one of its most powerful engines. This article examines how leading economies design and improve bioeconomy-based green-transition strategies and derives lessons for Uzbekistan, a resource-rich Central Asian country pursuing an ambitious green agenda. Using a comparative, document-analysis approach, the study reviews the strategic frameworks of the European Union, Germany, China and the United States alongside Uzbekistan’s Strategy for the Transition to a Green Economy for 2019–2030 and related policy instruments. The results show that mature strategies share four recurring design features: cross-sectoral governance, dedicated financing and lead-market creation, a secure and sustainable biomass supply, and strong innovation systems. Uzbekistan possesses a substantial but under-utilised bioeconomy resource base — notably cotton-processing residues, agricultural and livestock waste, and biogas potential capable of covering an estimated 15–19% of national energy demand. The discussion proposes a set of measures to strengthen Uzbekistan’s strategy, including an explicit national bioeconomy roadmap, valorisation of agro-industrial residues, targeted financing, and regional cooperation. The study concludes that embedding an explicit bioeconomy dimension within the existing green-economy framework would accelerate Uzbekistan’s low-carbon transition while advancing rural development and resource security.","author":[{"family":"Fayzullayeva","given":"Muyassarxon"},{"family":"Boboyev","given":"Hasan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21389877","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21389877","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20757140","type":"article-journal","title":"AI-Driven Smart Grid Optimization for Renewable Energy Integration","abstract":"The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources into power grids introduces significant challenges related to intermittency, voltage fluctuations, and supply-demand balancing. This paper presents a hybrid artificial intelligence framework combining Transformer-based time series forecasting with deep reinforcement learning (DRL) for real-time smart grid optimization. The proposed system integrates solar and wind generation forecasting (MAE of 1.94%), battery energy storage scheduling, and dynamic load balancing across a simulated 500-node distribution network. Experimental results demonstrate that the AI-driven approach reduces frequency deviations by 66.7%, voltage variations by 68.4%, and achieves a 12.8% reduction in transmission losses compared to conventional automatic generation control methods. The framework's response time of 180 ms enables near-real-time grid management, while the system reliability index improved from 0.9945 to 0.9992. These findings confirm the efficacy of integrated AI methodologies for managing the complexity and variability inherent in renewable-dominant power systems.","author":[{"family":"Pa","given":"Rishikesh"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20757140","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20757140","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20757141","type":"article-journal","title":"AI-Driven Smart Grid Optimization for Renewable Energy Integration","abstract":"The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources into power grids introduces significant challenges related to intermittency, voltage fluctuations, and supply-demand balancing. This paper presents a hybrid artificial intelligence framework combining Transformer-based time series forecasting with deep reinforcement learning (DRL) for real-time smart grid optimization. The proposed system integrates solar and wind generation forecasting (MAE of 1.94%), battery energy storage scheduling, and dynamic load balancing across a simulated 500-node distribution network. Experimental results demonstrate that the AI-driven approach reduces frequency deviations by 66.7%, voltage variations by 68.4%, and achieves a 12.8% reduction in transmission losses compared to conventional automatic generation control methods. The framework's response time of 180 ms enables near-real-time grid management, while the system reliability index improved from 0.9945 to 0.9992. These findings confirm the efficacy of integrated AI methodologies for managing the complexity and variability inherent in renewable-dominant power systems.","author":[{"family":"Pa","given":"Rishikesh"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20757141","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20757141","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21477969","type":"article-journal","title":"Comparative Analysis of Modulation Techniques for Five-level Inverters in Grid-Tied Photovoltaic Applications","abstract":"The efficiency of power conversion systems is critical to the global transition toward decentralised renewable energy grids. This paper presents a comparative analysis of three modulation strategies applied to a three-phase, five-level Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) inverter in a grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) context: Phase Disposition Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (PD-SPWM), Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM), and Selective Harmonic Elimination (SHE). All techniques are implemented in MATLAB/Simulink environment and evaluated against IEEE 1547 and IEC 61727 standards using Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), DC-bus utilisation (Voltage Utilisation Factor, VUF), and Common-Mode Voltage (CMV) suppression as primary metrics. A key finding is that, under the LCL filter optimised for the carrier-based methods, five-level SVPWM does not meet the IEEE 1547 THD limit, yielding an 8.43% filtered THD; a sensitivity analysis (Section IV.F) shows this non-compliance is filter-bound rather than intrinsic to the modulation strategy. PD-SPWM achieves the lowest filtered THD of 1.01% and the highest VUF of 49.75%, while SHE achieves 2.69% THD, the lowest peak CMV of ±72 V, and the lowest switching frequency of 450 Hz, making it thermally optimal. This trivariate comparison, THD, CMV, and VUF measured simultaneously across all three strategies under an identical five-level NPC topology, consolidates within a single model metrics that prior work has examined only separately or in pairs. SHE is recommended as the thermally optimal strategy for utility-scale PV systems; PD-SPWM is recommended where power quality is the primary constraint.","author":[{"family":"Ozuem","given":"J"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21477969","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21477969","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21477970","type":"article-journal","title":"Comparative Analysis of Modulation Techniques for Five-level Inverters in Grid-Tied Photovoltaic Applications","abstract":"The efficiency of power conversion systems is critical to the global transition toward decentralised renewable energy grids. This paper presents a comparative analysis of three modulation strategies applied to a three-phase, five-level Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) inverter in a grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) context: Phase Disposition Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (PD-SPWM), Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM), and Selective Harmonic Elimination (SHE). All techniques are implemented in MATLAB/Simulink environment and evaluated against IEEE 1547 and IEC 61727 standards using Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), DC-bus utilisation (Voltage Utilisation Factor, VUF), and Common-Mode Voltage (CMV) suppression as primary metrics. A key finding is that, under the LCL filter optimised for the carrier-based methods, five-level SVPWM does not meet the IEEE 1547 THD limit, yielding an 8.43% filtered THD; a sensitivity analysis (Section IV.F) shows this non-compliance is filter-bound rather than intrinsic to the modulation strategy. PD-SPWM achieves the lowest filtered THD of 1.01% and the highest VUF of 49.75%, while SHE achieves 2.69% THD, the lowest peak CMV of ±72 V, and the lowest switching frequency of 450 Hz, making it thermally optimal. This trivariate comparison, THD, CMV, and VUF measured simultaneously across all three strategies under an identical five-level NPC topology, consolidates within a single model metrics that prior work has examined only separately or in pairs. SHE is recommended as the thermally optimal strategy for utility-scale PV systems; PD-SPWM is recommended where power quality is the primary constraint.","author":[{"family":"Ozuem","given":"J"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21477970","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21477970","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.71443/9789349552517-15","type":"article-journal","title":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems and Their Optimization in Smart Grids","abstract":"The growing adoption of hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) necessitates advanced optimization strategies to ensure efficiency, reliability, and sustainability in modern power grids. The integration of multi-technology energy storage solutions plays a crucial role in mitigating the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources, enhancing grid stability, and enabling real-time energy management. This book chapter explores the role of hybrid energy storage systems in optimizing renewable energy utilization through intelligent control mechanisms, predictive analytics, and decentralized energy management frameworks. The convergence of artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, and multi-objective optimization techniques facilitates adaptive decision-making, efficient power distribution, and enhanced energy security. Decentralized energy storage networks and AI-driven demand-side optimization strategies improve grid resilience while minimizing transmission losses. Challenges related to storage system interoperability, economic feasibility, and large-scale implementation are critically analyzed, along with potential solutions leveraging emerging technologies. By addressing these key aspects, this chapter provides a comprehensive foundation for optimizing hybrid renewable energy systems in the evolving landscape of smart grids.","author":[{"family":"Reddy","given":"PN"},{"family":"Prashanth","given":"K"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.71443/9789349552517-15","URL":"https://doi.org/10.71443/9789349552517-15","source":"crossref"},{"id":"doi:10.53941/rset.2025.100007","type":"article-journal","title":"Catalysis in Renewable Energy: Theoretical Insights and Industrial Applications","abstract":"Catalysis is central to advancing renewable energy technologies, enabling key reactions such as water splitting, CO2 reduction, and biomass conversion. This review outlines catalytic materials and their performance across major green energy processes by surveying literature from the past 5 years using performance metrics such as overpotential, Faradaic efficiency, turnover frequency, and catalyst stability to benchmark catalytic systems. For hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), platinum (Pt) remains the gold standard with low overpotentials (20–30 mV) and high stability. Cost-effective alternatives like nickel (Ni) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) offer moderate efficiency in alkaline and neutral media. In the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), iridium and ruthenium oxides dominate acidic conditions, while NiFe-layered double hydroxides and cobalt oxides perform well in alkaline media with overpotentials of 250–350 mV. Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction utilizes silver (Ag), gold (Au), and copper (Cu) to selectively yield CO, formate, and hydrocarbons. Single-atom catalysts (SACs) are emerging for their high activity and tunable sites. Thermocatalytic CO2 hydrogenation over Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 (CZA) yields methanol at moderate efficiency. Biomass upgrading through zeolites, metal-supported catalysts, and enzymes enables high biofuel yields, though catalyst deactivation remains a challenge. This review concludes that a synergistic approach combining theoretical modeling, advanced material synthesis, and machine learning screening is critical for scalable, sustainable catalysis. These insights offer a framework for designing next-generation catalysts for industrial deployment.","author":[{"family":"Nyong","given":"Bassey"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.53941/rset.2025.100007","URL":"https://doi.org/10.53941/rset.2025.100007","source":"crossref"},{"id":"doi:10.71443/9789349552517-10","type":"article-journal","title":"Blockchain and Cybersecurity Applications in Smart Grids for Renewable Energy Transactions","abstract":"The integration of blockchain technology into smart grids presents a transformative solution to address the growing concerns surrounding energy data security, transaction transparency, and decentralized energy management. This chapter explores the pivotal role of blockchain in enhancing the functionality and resilience of smart grids, particularly in the context of renewable energy transactions. By leveraging blockchain’s decentralized nature, immutable ledger, and cryptographic security, smart grids can secure data transmission, ensure transparent peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading, and foster trust among consumers and energy producers. The chapter delves into various case studies that highlight the successful implementation of blockchain as a security layer, demonstrating its potential to mitigate cyber threats, prevent data manipulation, and improve overall grid efficiency. The intersection of blockchain with emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) is examined, providing a comprehensive outlook on future developments in smart grid ecosystems. Key challenges, opportunities, and the scalability of blockchain solutions for large-scale energy systems are critically assessed. This chapter serves as a timely resource for researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders, offering valuable insights into the adoption and impact of blockchain in the renewable energy sector.","author":[{"family":"Subashini","given":"K"},{"family":"Joseph","given":"Madanu"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.71443/9789349552517-10","URL":"https://doi.org/10.71443/9789349552517-10","source":"crossref"},{"id":"doi:10.62872/h7jjzb68","type":"article-journal","title":"Hybrid Renewable Energy System: Sustainable Energy Engineering Solutions For The Future","abstract":"This study aims to examine the potential contribution of the Hybrid Renewable Energy System in supporting sustainable energy transitions in the future, especially in the context of reducing carbon emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. This study uses a descriptive-quantitative research type with an engineering simulation approach. The study focuses on modeling and analyzing the contribution of a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) in reducing carbon emissions and reducing dependence on fossil fuels. . Based on the results of observations and analysis of technical data on solar radiation and daily wind speed, photovoltaic (PV)-based renewable energy systems show significant technical potential in generating electricity consistently throughout the year, especially in tropical areas. Meanwhile, although the potential for wind energy is relatively smaller, especially in areas with low average wind speeds, wind turbines can still provide additional contributions — especially when solar conditions are limited such as at night or in the rainy season. By combining these two energy sources into a hybrid system (HRES), the efficiency of renewable energy utilization can be maximized. The combination of PV and wind turbines allows : 1 ) Direct carbon emission reduction, which is ~22.7 tons of CO₂ per year from the PV system alone. 2) Diversification of energy sources, which reduces vulnerability to single dependence on fossil fuels. 3) Increasing the reliability of the electricity system, especially for remote areas and areas not yet covered by the PLN network. Overall, HRES provides a practical, efficient, and sustainable solution to meet the energy needs of small to medium-scale communities. It also opens up opportunities for energy decentralization, promotes a green economy, and strengthens Indonesia's commitment to net zero emissions targets in the future.","author":[{"family":"Judijanto","given":"Loso"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.62872/h7jjzb68","URL":"https://doi.org/10.62872/h7jjzb68","source":"crossref"},{"id":"doi:10.1093/9780198951117.001.0001","type":"article-journal","title":"Renewable Energy","abstract":"Abstract Energy is vital for a good standard of living, and affordable sources of power that do not cause climate change or pollution are crucial. Renewable energy provides the answer, and this Very Short Introduction describes the main sources—solar PV, wind, hydropower, and biomass—their innovative technologies, and what each could deliver. It also discusses the relatively small contributions expected from tidal, wave, geothermal, and nuclear power, and from carbon capture and storage. The book shows how the variability of solar PV and wind power can be handled in an electricity grid predominantly powered by renewables, and it discusses recent innovations in batteries and other energy storage technologies. It explains the importance of decarbonizing the huge global heat demand by using heat pumps, electricity directly, and hydrogen from electrolysers; and of changing to electric vehicles. Electrification will require approximately tripling the supply of electricity, and this can be met predominantly by solar PV and wind power. The learning effect has resulted in a dramatic drop in their price in the last decade, making them the cheapest generators of electricity in most parts of the world. This could make powering the world by renewables considerably cheaper than continuing to burn fossil fuels. The book explores the challenges in achieving this—notably, geopolitical tensions, lack of grid infrastructure, permitting (planning) issues, the availability of finance in parts of the Global South, and the vested interests in fossil fuels—and ends by discussing the actions needed.","author":[{"family":"Jelley","given":"Nick"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1093/9780198951117.001.0001","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1093/9780198951117.001.0001","source":"crossref"},{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.5248160","type":"manuscript","title":"Renewable Energy Federalism 2.0","abstract":"Much like climate change, the clean energy transition presents a \"super wicked\" problem that is further complicated by prioritizing justice. History has taught us that government regulation, industry innovation, and community engagement are the catalysts of effective transitions. Similarly, the just energy transition requires the support of these interconnected networks. This Essay offers sustainable collaborative governance as a theoretical framework through which decision-makers may filter their assessments, industry can model its metrics, and community can develop language to articulate its needs. Sustainable collaborative governance is also a means of navigating the complexities of renewable energy siting and regulation while fostering resilience, community engagement, and holistic governance that prioritizes long-term sustainability. By integrating diverse perspectives and values across sectors, Renewable Energy Federalism 2.0 positions itself as a viable pathway toward achieving a just and sustainable energy transition amid political and regulatory uncertainties.","author":[{"family":"Stokes","given":"Danielle"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.2139/ssrn.5248160","URL":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5248160","source":"crossref"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20172592","type":"article-journal","title":"Multi-Layered Modelling Knowledge Graph and Response Derivative Framework for Autonomous Buildings, Energy Communities, and Positive Energy Districts","abstract":"This record provides the Multi-Layered Modelling Knowledge Graph (MLM KG), a machine-readable, semantically structured knowledge artefact that formally encodes the MLM framework, the Response Derivative (RD) concept, and associated regulatory compliance mappings developed by the Energy Informatics Group (EIG) at Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork. The MLM KG is the canonical implementation reference for the multi-layer modelling framework introduced in: O'Regan B., Tahir F., Mould K., O'Leidhin E. (2026). Towards Autonomous Buildings, Communities and Positive Energy Districts: Multi-Layer Modeling and Edge-Enabled Islanding for the Energy Transition. International Energy and Environment Building Science Conference (IEECB&SC'26). O'Regan B. (2025). From Flexibility to Trading: Optimizing Electricity & Heat in O-CEI Pilot 1 — Demonstrating Symbiotic Buildings and Market-Ready Flexibility Services. IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe 2025), Valletta, Malta, October 20–23, 2025. Scientific Context Modern electricity grids face increasing volatility from renewable intermittency, climate-driven disruptions, and the electrification of heat and transport. The Aran Islands, Ireland, a pilot site of the O-CEI (Open Cloud-Edge-IoT) project, experienced extended power outages during Storm Éowyn (January 2025, 184 km/h gusts at Mace Head), a real-world demonstration of the vulnerability of isolated communities to grid disruption and the urgent need for resilient, locally autonomous energy systems. The MLM framework addresses this by enabling buildings and communities to shift from passive consumers to active, intelligent energy agents, capable of self-optimisation, peer-to-peer energy trading, and autonomous islanded operation during grid disturbances. The Multi-Layer Modelling Framework The MLM framework integrates four complementary computational layers into a unified hierarchical architecture: Deterministic Layer enforces physical and operational feasibility through thermodynamic models (RC thermal networks, NTU-ε heat exchangers, COP curves), electrical constraints (Kirchhoff's laws, voltage and frequency limits), comfort constraints (temperature 19–24°C, CO₂ < 1000 ppm), and safety limits (battery SoC 20–95%). Stochastic Layer quantifies uncertainty from renewable variability, occupant behaviour, and market volatility using weather ensembles, Markov chain occupancy models, ARIMA price forecasting, and Monte Carlo simulation. This layer generates the probability distributions and scenario sets required for robust decision-making. AI/ML Layer enhances predictive performance and computational efficiency through LSTM networks for short-term load and generation forecasting, neural network surrogate models replacing computationally expensive physical simulations at 100–1000× speedup, clustering algorithms for pattern identification, and federated learning for privacy-preserving cross-site model improvement. Reinforcement Learning Layer introduces adaptivity through Q-learning, DQN, and Actor-Critic methods. The RL agent optimises control policies, load shifting, storage dispatch, heat pump scheduling, islanding decisions, within the feasibility bounds established by the deterministic layer, informed by stochastic uncertainty quantification and AI-enhanced predictions. These four layers are deployed across a distributed TinyML–edge–cloud architecture: far-edge building devices (Jetson Nano running PARA//EL) for ultra-low latency deterministic control; community edge nodes (running EdgeWare) for 15-minute optimisation cycles and P2P trading settlement; and the FLEXUS cloud platform for regional coordination, federated learning, and market integration. Response Derivative: Novel Theoretical Contribution A key original contribution of this work is the Response Derivative (RD), introduced by Brian O'Regan as a novel metric for quantifying system responsiveness in distributed, probabilistic ","author":[{"family":"O Regan","given":"Brian"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20172592","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20172592","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20172593","type":"article-journal","title":"Multi-Layered Modelling Knowledge Graph and Response Derivative Framework for Autonomous Buildings, Energy Communities, and Positive Energy Districts","abstract":"This record provides the Multi-Layered Modelling Knowledge Graph (MLM KG), a machine-readable, semantically structured knowledge artefact that formally encodes the MLM framework, the Response Derivative (RD) concept, and associated regulatory compliance mappings developed by the Energy Informatics Group (EIG) at Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork. The MLM KG is the canonical implementation reference for the multi-layer modelling framework introduced in: O'Regan B., Tahir F., Mould K., O'Leidhin E. (2026). Towards Autonomous Buildings, Communities and Positive Energy Districts: Multi-Layer Modeling and Edge-Enabled Islanding for the Energy Transition. International Energy and Environment Building Science Conference (IEECB&SC'26). O'Regan B. (2025). From Flexibility to Trading: Optimizing Electricity & Heat in O-CEI Pilot 1 — Demonstrating Symbiotic Buildings and Market-Ready Flexibility Services. IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe 2025), Valletta, Malta, October 20–23, 2025. Scientific Context Modern electricity grids face increasing volatility from renewable intermittency, climate-driven disruptions, and the electrification of heat and transport. The Aran Islands, Ireland, a pilot site of the O-CEI (Open Cloud-Edge-IoT) project, experienced extended power outages during Storm Éowyn (January 2025, 184 km/h gusts at Mace Head), a real-world demonstration of the vulnerability of isolated communities to grid disruption and the urgent need for resilient, locally autonomous energy systems. The MLM framework addresses this by enabling buildings and communities to shift from passive consumers to active, intelligent energy agents, capable of self-optimisation, peer-to-peer energy trading, and autonomous islanded operation during grid disturbances. The Multi-Layer Modelling Framework The MLM framework integrates four complementary computational layers into a unified hierarchical architecture: Deterministic Layer enforces physical and operational feasibility through thermodynamic models (RC thermal networks, NTU-ε heat exchangers, COP curves), electrical constraints (Kirchhoff's laws, voltage and frequency limits), comfort constraints (temperature 19–24°C, CO₂ < 1000 ppm), and safety limits (battery SoC 20–95%). Stochastic Layer quantifies uncertainty from renewable variability, occupant behaviour, and market volatility using weather ensembles, Markov chain occupancy models, ARIMA price forecasting, and Monte Carlo simulation. This layer generates the probability distributions and scenario sets required for robust decision-making. AI/ML Layer enhances predictive performance and computational efficiency through LSTM networks for short-term load and generation forecasting, neural network surrogate models replacing computationally expensive physical simulations at 100–1000× speedup, clustering algorithms for pattern identification, and federated learning for privacy-preserving cross-site model improvement. Reinforcement Learning Layer introduces adaptivity through Q-learning, DQN, and Actor-Critic methods. The RL agent optimises control policies, load shifting, storage dispatch, heat pump scheduling, islanding decisions, within the feasibility bounds established by the deterministic layer, informed by stochastic uncertainty quantification and AI-enhanced predictions. These four layers are deployed across a distributed TinyML–edge–cloud architecture: far-edge building devices (Jetson Nano running PARA//EL) for ultra-low latency deterministic control; community edge nodes (running EdgeWare) for 15-minute optimisation cycles and P2P trading settlement; and the FLEXUS cloud platform for regional coordination, federated learning, and market integration. Response Derivative: Novel Theoretical Contribution A key original contribution of this work is the Response Derivative (RD), introduced by Brian O'Regan as a novel metric for quantifying system responsiveness in distributed, probabilistic ","author":[{"family":"O Regan","given":"Brian"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20172593","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20172593","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20720775","type":"article-journal","title":"GREEN LOGISTICS PRACTICES IN THE OIL AND GAS SECTOR: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF GCC COUNTRIES WITH SPECIAL FOCUS ON OMAN'S ENERGY TRANSITION","abstract":"The study aims to understand the adoption and implementation of green logistics practices in the oil and gas sectorin the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, specifically in the Sultanate of Oman where the country isleading the way in energy transition initiatives. Even as many papers have been published on sustainable supplychain management, there is a great deal of research still to be done on the concept of green logistics in the contextof geographical, climatic and institutional specificities of a hydrocarbon-dependent economy. This study is basedon a mixed-methods research design that combines the quantitative analysis of secondary data (2018-2025) andthe qualitative analysis of policy and industry documents, and uses a three-dimensional analysis based onenvironmental performance, institutional governance and operation. The results show that the carbon emissionsper capita in the GCC are among the highest in the world, with Qatar at 35.8 tonnes and Kuwait at 22.9 tonnes,however, significant investments in renewable energy, green hydrogen production and carbon capturetechnologies demonstrate a paradigm shift. In Oman, the Vision 2040 strategy has secured $50 billion worth ofagreements for green hydrogen and aims to achieve 1 million tonnes of green hydrogen production by 2030,making it a unique case. The research adds to the academic debate by introducing a model for green logisticsadoption in resource-intensive economies, and providing an in-depth understanding of the role of regulatory push,technology enablers and pressure from stakeholders as drivers of green logistics adoption. The recommendationsalso highlight the importance of integrated regulatory frameworks, investments in infrastructure, and internationalcooperation to speed up the green logistics transition in the GCC region.","author":[{"family":"Al-Zadjali","given":"Ismail"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20720775","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20720775","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20720776","type":"article-journal","title":"GREEN LOGISTICS PRACTICES IN THE OIL AND GAS SECTOR: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF GCC COUNTRIES WITH SPECIAL FOCUS ON OMAN'S ENERGY TRANSITION","abstract":"The study aims to understand the adoption and implementation of green logistics practices in the oil and gas sectorin the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, specifically in the Sultanate of Oman where the country isleading the way in energy transition initiatives. Even as many papers have been published on sustainable supplychain management, there is a great deal of research still to be done on the concept of green logistics in the contextof geographical, climatic and institutional specificities of a hydrocarbon-dependent economy. This study is basedon a mixed-methods research design that combines the quantitative analysis of secondary data (2018-2025) andthe qualitative analysis of policy and industry documents, and uses a three-dimensional analysis based onenvironmental performance, institutional governance and operation. The results show that the carbon emissionsper capita in the GCC are among the highest in the world, with Qatar at 35.8 tonnes and Kuwait at 22.9 tonnes,however, significant investments in renewable energy, green hydrogen production and carbon capturetechnologies demonstrate a paradigm shift. In Oman, the Vision 2040 strategy has secured $50 billion worth ofagreements for green hydrogen and aims to achieve 1 million tonnes of green hydrogen production by 2030,making it a unique case. The research adds to the academic debate by introducing a model for green logisticsadoption in resource-intensive economies, and providing an in-depth understanding of the role of regulatory push,technology enablers and pressure from stakeholders as drivers of green logistics adoption. The recommendationsalso highlight the importance of integrated regulatory frameworks, investments in infrastructure, and internationalcooperation to speed up the green logistics transition in the GCC region.","author":[{"family":"Al-Zadjali","given":"Ismail"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20720776","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20720776","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19437524","type":"article-journal","title":"Climate Change as a Non-Traditional Security Threat: Rethinking Global Security Paradigms.","abstract":"Climate change has transitioned from being primarily an environmental issue to a significant non-traditional security threat, with extensive implications for human welfare, economic stability, and geopolitical dynamics. Traditional security paradigms, which concentrate on military threats and the sovereignty of states, are increasingly insufficient in tackling dangers that stem from extreme weather phenomena, resource shortages, and ecological decline. Evidence from areas such as Chad, Syria, Iraq, and the United States illustrates that droughts, floods, heatwaves, and storms disrupt food systems, water resources, health services, and livelihoods, resulting in displacement, social unrest, and increased vulnerability. On a global scale, the melting of Arctic ice and the competition for strategic resources, along with climate-sensitive conflicts in the Middle East, highlight the convergence of environmental change with geopolitical tensions and militarization. Moreover, contemporary warfare and energy dependencies intensify the impacts of climate change, creating feedback loops that further destabilize regions. Disparities in climate resilience, especially in developing countries, underscore the dangers posed by cuts in climate assistance and unequal adaptive capacities, emphasizing the connection between climate injustice and global security. The 2025 U.S. Threat Assessment, along with reports from the World Economic Forum and the World Meteorological Organization, indicates that environmental threats are now among the most urgent long-term global risks, underscoring the need to incorporate human security into policy frameworks. This paper contends that effective responses to climate change necessitate comprehensive strategies that integrate disaster preparedness, transitions to renewable energy, humanitarian aid, and international cooperation. Acknowledging climate change as a core security issue is crucial for mitigating cascading risks, protecting vulnerable populations, and fostering a resilient, equitable, and stable global order","author":[{"family":"Chongder","given":"Swati"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19437524","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19437524","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19437525","type":"article-journal","title":"Climate Change as a Non-Traditional Security Threat: Rethinking Global Security Paradigms.","abstract":"Climate change has transitioned from being primarily an environmental issue to a significant non-traditional security threat, with extensive implications for human welfare, economic stability, and geopolitical dynamics. Traditional security paradigms, which concentrate on military threats and the sovereignty of states, are increasingly insufficient in tackling dangers that stem from extreme weather phenomena, resource shortages, and ecological decline. Evidence from areas such as Chad, Syria, Iraq, and the United States illustrates that droughts, floods, heatwaves, and storms disrupt food systems, water resources, health services, and livelihoods, resulting in displacement, social unrest, and increased vulnerability. On a global scale, the melting of Arctic ice and the competition for strategic resources, along with climate-sensitive conflicts in the Middle East, highlight the convergence of environmental change with geopolitical tensions and militarization. Moreover, contemporary warfare and energy dependencies intensify the impacts of climate change, creating feedback loops that further destabilize regions. Disparities in climate resilience, especially in developing countries, underscore the dangers posed by cuts in climate assistance and unequal adaptive capacities, emphasizing the connection between climate injustice and global security. The 2025 U.S. Threat Assessment, along with reports from the World Economic Forum and the World Meteorological Organization, indicates that environmental threats are now among the most urgent long-term global risks, underscoring the need to incorporate human security into policy frameworks. This paper contends that effective responses to climate change necessitate comprehensive strategies that integrate disaster preparedness, transitions to renewable energy, humanitarian aid, and international cooperation. Acknowledging climate change as a core security issue is crucial for mitigating cascading risks, protecting vulnerable populations, and fostering a resilient, equitable, and stable global order","author":[{"family":"Chongder","given":"Swati"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19437525","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19437525","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21946653","type":"article-journal","title":"THE IMPACT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN UZBEKISTAN: A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS FOR 2021–2025","abstract":"This article assesses the contribution of renewable energy development to economic growth in Uzbekistan using updated statistics for 2021–2025. The analysis relies on existing data from the International Renewable Energy Agency, the National Statistics Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Ministry of Energy, the Presidential Press Service, the World Bank, and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Index analysis, structural decomposition, annual growth rates, compound annual growth rates, and comparative dynamic analysis are applied. The results show that renewable power capacity increased from 2,056 MW in 2021 to 10,027 MW in 2025, or 4.88 times, while its share in total electricity capacity rose from 12.5 percent to 36.1 percent. During the same period, average annual real GDP growth was 7.0 percent, and electricity generation recorded a compound annual growth rate of 4.4 percent. More than 95 percent of new capacity came from solar and wind energy. The article develops proposals for strengthening the growth effects of renewable energy through the development of grid infrastructure, energy storage systems, market reforms, and open statistical data.","author":[{"family":"Tukumbetov","given":"Shavkat"},{"family":"Tukumbetov","given":"Ogabek"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21946653","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21946653","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21946654","type":"article-journal","title":"THE IMPACT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN UZBEKISTAN: A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS FOR 2021–2025","abstract":"This article assesses the contribution of renewable energy development to economic growth in Uzbekistan using updated statistics for 2021–2025. The analysis relies on existing data from the International Renewable Energy Agency, the National Statistics Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Ministry of Energy, the Presidential Press Service, the World Bank, and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Index analysis, structural decomposition, annual growth rates, compound annual growth rates, and comparative dynamic analysis are applied. The results show that renewable power capacity increased from 2,056 MW in 2021 to 10,027 MW in 2025, or 4.88 times, while its share in total electricity capacity rose from 12.5 percent to 36.1 percent. During the same period, average annual real GDP growth was 7.0 percent, and electricity generation recorded a compound annual growth rate of 4.4 percent. More than 95 percent of new capacity came from solar and wind energy. The article develops proposals for strengthening the growth effects of renewable energy through the development of grid infrastructure, energy storage systems, market reforms, and open statistical data.","author":[{"family":"Tukumbetov","given":"Shavkat"},{"family":"Tukumbetov","given":"Ogabek"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21946654","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21946654","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21163658","type":"article-journal","title":"Advanced Electrical Insulation Materials Are Supporting the Next Generation of Power Systems","abstract":"The global electrical insulation industry is evolving rapidly as demand increases for reliable, high-temperature insulation materials across power generation, electric vehicles, renewable energy systems, industrial equipment, and advanced electrical infrastructure. Mica tape has become an essential insulation material because of its exceptional dielectric strength, thermal stability, and fire-resistant properties. As industries continue investing in high-performance electrical equipment, manufacturers are expanding the development of advanced mica tape solutions that improve safety, reliability, and operational efficiency. According to a study published by Vyansa Intelligence, the Mica Tape Market size was valued at USD 1.32 Billion in 2025 and is projected to reach USD 3.29 Billion by 2032, registering a CAGR of 13.94% during 2026–2032. The Mica Tape Market is expanding as demand rises for advanced electrical insulation materials across energy infrastructure, industrial equipment, transportation, and electrical manufacturing. Growing Electrification Is Increasing Demand for High-Performance Insulation The expansion of electrical infrastructure, renewable energy projects, and industrial automation is creating greater demand for insulation materials capable of operating under demanding electrical and thermal conditions. Mica tape plays a critical role in protecting motors, generators, transformers, cables, and electrical equipment exposed to high temperatures and voltages. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) has established specifications covering mica-based insulating materials used in electrical applications, supporting standardized performance requirements across industrial equipment and electrical systems. Product Innovation Is Improving Insulation Performance Manufacturers continue investing in advanced mica paper technologies, improved resin systems, reinforced glass-backed constructions, and flexible insulation materials that enhance mechanical strength and electrical performance. These innovations improve insulation reliability while supporting more compact and efficient electrical equipment designs. Continuous product development is also enabling mica tape manufacturers to meet increasingly demanding requirements across electric motors, generators, high-voltage cables, and renewable energy systems where long-term thermal stability remains essential. Renewable Energy and Electrification Continue to Support Adoption The transition toward cleaner energy systems is increasing demand for electrical insulation materials capable of supporting wind turbines, solar equipment, battery energy storage systems, and modern power transmission infrastructure. Mica tape provides dependable insulation performance under elevated temperatures while contributing to equipment durability and operational safety. The Mica Tape Market trends indicate growing adoption across renewable energy projects and electrification initiatives where reliable insulation materials are essential for maintaining long-term system performance and minimizing maintenance requirements. Fire Safety Requirements Are Strengthening Product Demand Electrical safety remains a major priority across industrial and commercial infrastructure. Mica tape is widely utilized in fire-resistant cables because it maintains electrical insulation under extreme temperatures, helping critical systems continue operating during fire conditions. International standards published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) define specifications for mica paper tapes used in flame-resistant security cables, supporting consistent product quality and safety performance across electrical installations. Expanding Industrial Applications Drive Market Development Beyond power generation and transmission, mica tape is increasingly used across electric vehicles, railway systems, aerospace equipment, industrial heating systems, battery energy storage systems, and consumer el","author":[{"family":"Williamson","given":"Adam"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21163658","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21163658","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21163659","type":"article-journal","title":"Advanced Electrical Insulation Materials Are Supporting the Next Generation of Power Systems","abstract":"The global electrical insulation industry is evolving rapidly as demand increases for reliable, high-temperature insulation materials across power generation, electric vehicles, renewable energy systems, industrial equipment, and advanced electrical infrastructure. Mica tape has become an essential insulation material because of its exceptional dielectric strength, thermal stability, and fire-resistant properties. As industries continue investing in high-performance electrical equipment, manufacturers are expanding the development of advanced mica tape solutions that improve safety, reliability, and operational efficiency. According to a study published by Vyansa Intelligence, the Mica Tape Market size was valued at USD 1.32 Billion in 2025 and is projected to reach USD 3.29 Billion by 2032, registering a CAGR of 13.94% during 2026–2032. The Mica Tape Market is expanding as demand rises for advanced electrical insulation materials across energy infrastructure, industrial equipment, transportation, and electrical manufacturing. Growing Electrification Is Increasing Demand for High-Performance Insulation The expansion of electrical infrastructure, renewable energy projects, and industrial automation is creating greater demand for insulation materials capable of operating under demanding electrical and thermal conditions. Mica tape plays a critical role in protecting motors, generators, transformers, cables, and electrical equipment exposed to high temperatures and voltages. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) has established specifications covering mica-based insulating materials used in electrical applications, supporting standardized performance requirements across industrial equipment and electrical systems. Product Innovation Is Improving Insulation Performance Manufacturers continue investing in advanced mica paper technologies, improved resin systems, reinforced glass-backed constructions, and flexible insulation materials that enhance mechanical strength and electrical performance. These innovations improve insulation reliability while supporting more compact and efficient electrical equipment designs. Continuous product development is also enabling mica tape manufacturers to meet increasingly demanding requirements across electric motors, generators, high-voltage cables, and renewable energy systems where long-term thermal stability remains essential. Renewable Energy and Electrification Continue to Support Adoption The transition toward cleaner energy systems is increasing demand for electrical insulation materials capable of supporting wind turbines, solar equipment, battery energy storage systems, and modern power transmission infrastructure. Mica tape provides dependable insulation performance under elevated temperatures while contributing to equipment durability and operational safety. The Mica Tape Market trends indicate growing adoption across renewable energy projects and electrification initiatives where reliable insulation materials are essential for maintaining long-term system performance and minimizing maintenance requirements. Fire Safety Requirements Are Strengthening Product Demand Electrical safety remains a major priority across industrial and commercial infrastructure. Mica tape is widely utilized in fire-resistant cables because it maintains electrical insulation under extreme temperatures, helping critical systems continue operating during fire conditions. International standards published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) define specifications for mica paper tapes used in flame-resistant security cables, supporting consistent product quality and safety performance across electrical installations. Expanding Industrial Applications Drive Market Development Beyond power generation and transmission, mica tape is increasingly used across electric vehicles, railway systems, aerospace equipment, industrial heating systems, battery energy storage systems, and consumer el","author":[{"family":"Williamson","given":"Adam"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21163659","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21163659","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21303452","type":"article-journal","title":"N-K Solar-Powered Gravity Battery: A Divine Solution for Decentralized 24/7 Electricity","abstract":"N-K Solar-Powered Gravity Battery: A Divine Solution for Decentralized 24/7 Electricity Author: Muhammad Usman MalikPublication Date: July 2026DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21303453License: Open Access (Sadaqa Jariyah) — Free for All HumanityReference: Planet Earth by N-K Model, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15320877 --- Abstract This publication presents the N-K Solar-Powered Gravity Battery, a revolutionary, low-cost, and ultra-reliable energy storage system designed for decentralized off-grid electricity generation. Based on the deterministic principles of the N-K Model, this system uses solar energy to pump water from a lower reservoir to an elevated tank, storing gravitational potential energy. When discharged, the water flows back through a turbine, generating clean, 24/7 electricity. Unlike complex, high-tech energy storage systems (such as lithium-ion or CO₂ batteries), the N-K Gravity Battery is simple to manufacture, requires near-zero maintenance, and can operate for 50+ years with minimal civil repairs. It is ideal for dry, arid, rural, and isolated areas, offering a sustainable solution for villages, small cities, and developing nations with no high-tech infrastructure. This publication provides the complete technical specifications, engineering design, cost analysis, scalability, maintenance requirements, and N-K Model validation for this divine energy solution. --- 1. Introduction: The Need for Decentralized Energy 1.1 The Global Energy Crisis Billions of people across Africa, South Asia, the Middle East, Central Asia, and remote islands lack access to reliable electricity. National grids are often: · Unreliable: Frequent blackouts, voltage fluctuations.· Expensive: High installation, maintenance, and transmission costs.· Vulnerable: Susceptible to EMP attacks, natural disasters, and sabotage.· Polluting: Dependent on fossil fuels, coal, or large-scale hydroelectric dams that harm ecosystems. 1.2 The Divine Solution: N-K Model The N-K Model, derived from 4 Divine Axioms, provides a deterministic framework for sustainable energy systems. According to the N-K Model: · Energy is a divine trust that must be harnessed without harming Earth's natural balance (K-waves) or corrupting the N-field (spiritual energy).· Simple, natural systems (sun, gravity, water) are divinely designed for human benefit, provided they are used without excess or corruption.· Decentralized systems align with the Prophetic guidance of building new settlements when populations grow, preventing overcrowding and concentrating vulnerability. The N-K Solar-Powered Gravity Battery is the embodiment of this divine philosophy. --- 2. Core Concept: The Gravity Battery 2.1 Principle of Operation The system is based on gravitational potential energy: E = m × g × h Where: · E = Stored energy (Joules)· m = Mass of water (kg)· g = Gravitational acceleration (9.81 m/s²)· h = Height of elevated tank (meters) 2.2 System Architecture The N-K Gravity Battery consists of: 1. Lower Reservoir (Underground or Ground Level): A sealed tank, cistern, or natural basin.2. Upper Reservoir (Elevated): A sealed tank mounted on a steel or concrete structure at a height of 200-250 meters (or more).3. Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Panels: Used to power the water pump during daylight hours.4. Pump: A standard water pump to lift water from the lower tank to the upper tank.5. Penstock/Pipes: Pipes connecting the upper and lower tanks.6. Turbine-Generator Set: A hydro-turbine that generates electricity when water is released from the upper tank.7. Control System: A simple valve system and inverter for managing flow and power output.8. Water Level Sensors: To prevent overflow and ensure efficient operation. 2.3 Closed-Loop Water Cycle The system is a completely closed-loop system: 1. Water is pumped from the lower tank to the upper tank using solar power.2. During discharge, water flows from the upper tank through the turbine to the lower tank.3. The water is reused indefinitely — no water is lost. Importa","author":[{"family":"Usman Malik","given":"Muhammad"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21303452","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21303452","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21303453","type":"article-journal","title":"N-K Solar-Powered Gravity Battery: A Divine Solution for Decentralized 24/7 Electricity","abstract":"N-K Solar-Powered Gravity Battery: A Divine Solution for Decentralized 24/7 Electricity Author: Muhammad Usman MalikPublication Date: July 2026DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21303453License: Open Access (Sadaqa Jariyah) — Free for All HumanityReference: Planet Earth by N-K Model, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15320877 --- Abstract This publication presents the N-K Solar-Powered Gravity Battery, a revolutionary, low-cost, and ultra-reliable energy storage system designed for decentralized off-grid electricity generation. Based on the deterministic principles of the N-K Model, this system uses solar energy to pump water from a lower reservoir to an elevated tank, storing gravitational potential energy. When discharged, the water flows back through a turbine, generating clean, 24/7 electricity. Unlike complex, high-tech energy storage systems (such as lithium-ion or CO₂ batteries), the N-K Gravity Battery is simple to manufacture, requires near-zero maintenance, and can operate for 50+ years with minimal civil repairs. It is ideal for dry, arid, rural, and isolated areas, offering a sustainable solution for villages, small cities, and developing nations with no high-tech infrastructure. This publication provides the complete technical specifications, engineering design, cost analysis, scalability, maintenance requirements, and N-K Model validation for this divine energy solution. --- 1. Introduction: The Need for Decentralized Energy 1.1 The Global Energy Crisis Billions of people across Africa, South Asia, the Middle East, Central Asia, and remote islands lack access to reliable electricity. National grids are often: · Unreliable: Frequent blackouts, voltage fluctuations.· Expensive: High installation, maintenance, and transmission costs.· Vulnerable: Susceptible to EMP attacks, natural disasters, and sabotage.· Polluting: Dependent on fossil fuels, coal, or large-scale hydroelectric dams that harm ecosystems. 1.2 The Divine Solution: N-K Model The N-K Model, derived from 4 Divine Axioms, provides a deterministic framework for sustainable energy systems. According to the N-K Model: · Energy is a divine trust that must be harnessed without harming Earth's natural balance (K-waves) or corrupting the N-field (spiritual energy).· Simple, natural systems (sun, gravity, water) are divinely designed for human benefit, provided they are used without excess or corruption.· Decentralized systems align with the Prophetic guidance of building new settlements when populations grow, preventing overcrowding and concentrating vulnerability. The N-K Solar-Powered Gravity Battery is the embodiment of this divine philosophy. --- 2. Core Concept: The Gravity Battery 2.1 Principle of Operation The system is based on gravitational potential energy: E = m × g × h Where: · E = Stored energy (Joules)· m = Mass of water (kg)· g = Gravitational acceleration (9.81 m/s²)· h = Height of elevated tank (meters) 2.2 System Architecture The N-K Gravity Battery consists of: 1. Lower Reservoir (Underground or Ground Level): A sealed tank, cistern, or natural basin.2. Upper Reservoir (Elevated): A sealed tank mounted on a steel or concrete structure at a height of 200-250 meters (or more).3. Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Panels: Used to power the water pump during daylight hours.4. Pump: A standard water pump to lift water from the lower tank to the upper tank.5. Penstock/Pipes: Pipes connecting the upper and lower tanks.6. Turbine-Generator Set: A hydro-turbine that generates electricity when water is released from the upper tank.7. Control System: A simple valve system and inverter for managing flow and power output.8. Water Level Sensors: To prevent overflow and ensure efficient operation. 2.3 Closed-Loop Water Cycle The system is a completely closed-loop system: 1. Water is pumped from the lower tank to the upper tank using solar power.2. During discharge, water flows from the upper tank through the turbine to the lower tank.3. The water is reused indefinitely — no water is lost. Importa","author":[{"family":"Usman Malik","given":"Muhammad"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21303453","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21303453","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21499540","type":"article-journal","title":"A collection of drawings depicting original conceptual innovations inspired by the ideas of Nasser Hassan Al-Wa'la.","abstract":"This image presents an original collection of conceptual invention sketches created by Nasser Hassan Alwalah between 2020 and 2025. The collection documents original engineering and technological concepts in renewable energy, artificial intelligence, environmental protection, transportation, water systems, and future technologies. This publication is intended to permanently archive the author's conceptual creative work and establish a citable record through a DOI. This image was created with the assistance of artificial intelligence based on my original conceptual manuscripts and hand-drawn invention sketches. The underlying concepts, creative direction, and intellectual content are my original work. Artificial intelligence was used solely as a visualization tool to transform my original concepts into a polished illustrative composition. This artwork was created with the assistance of artificial intelligence based on my original conceptual manuscripts and hand-drawn sketches. The original concepts, creative direction, and intellectual content are my own. AI was used solely as a visualization tool.","author":[{"family":"Alwalah","given":"Nasser"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21499540","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21499540","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21499541","type":"article-journal","title":"A collection of drawings depicting original conceptual innovations inspired by the ideas of Nasser Hassan Al-Wa'la.","abstract":"This image presents an original collection of conceptual invention sketches created by Nasser Hassan Alwalah between 2020 and 2025. The collection documents original engineering and technological concepts in renewable energy, artificial intelligence, environmental protection, transportation, water systems, and future technologies. This publication is intended to permanently archive the author's conceptual creative work and establish a citable record through a DOI. This image was created with the assistance of artificial intelligence based on my original conceptual manuscripts and hand-drawn invention sketches. The underlying concepts, creative direction, and intellectual content are my original work. Artificial intelligence was used solely as a visualization tool to transform my original concepts into a polished illustrative composition. This artwork was created with the assistance of artificial intelligence based on my original conceptual manuscripts and hand-drawn sketches. The original concepts, creative direction, and intellectual content are my own. AI was used solely as a visualization tool.","author":[{"family":"Alwalah","given":"Nasser"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21499541","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21499541","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20815617","type":"article-journal","title":"RENEWABLE ENERGY TRANSITION IN UZBEKISTAN: ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES AND ETHICAL DIMENSIONS OF SUSTAINABILITY","abstract":"This is a research paper that explores the socio-economic and ethical issues of the renewable energy transition in Uzbekistan. This paper analyzes how the current investment plans can be aligned with sustainable development and energy justice in the country as the country shifts its century-old dependence on natural gas to a diversified Green Economy by 2030. The mixed-method study is employed. A quantitative analysis of the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and renewable capacity (2019–2025) quantitative data is performed and a qualitative assessment of the framework of the green economy strategy is made to identify the ethical gaps in energy distribution. It has been revealed that Uzbekistan has obtained over 3 billion of green foreign direct investment (FDI) and initiated colossal solar projects in Navoi and Samarkand (World Bank, 2025). Nevertheless, there is an evident \"implementation gap\" in rural household integration. From an economic point of view, Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) are very profitable. But ethically, there is a danger of the dualism of energy between the industrial centers and the distant places. The findings indicate that to ensure that the transition is accessible to all policymakers should include decentralized prosumer incentives (such as Net Metering) to utility-scale projects. A successful transition will be required to reduce the energy crisis during winter, which will make the life of people easier and reduce the carbon footprint per capita in Central Asia (IRENA, 2025).","author":[{"family":"Karimova","given":"Melisa"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20815617","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20815617","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20815618","type":"article-journal","title":"RENEWABLE ENERGY TRANSITION IN UZBEKISTAN: ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES AND ETHICAL DIMENSIONS OF SUSTAINABILITY","abstract":"This is a research paper that explores the socio-economic and ethical issues of the renewable energy transition in Uzbekistan. This paper analyzes how the current investment plans can be aligned with sustainable development and energy justice in the country as the country shifts its century-old dependence on natural gas to a diversified Green Economy by 2030. The mixed-method study is employed. A quantitative analysis of the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and renewable capacity (2019–2025) quantitative data is performed and a qualitative assessment of the framework of the green economy strategy is made to identify the ethical gaps in energy distribution. It has been revealed that Uzbekistan has obtained over 3 billion of green foreign direct investment (FDI) and initiated colossal solar projects in Navoi and Samarkand (World Bank, 2025). Nevertheless, there is an evident \"implementation gap\" in rural household integration. From an economic point of view, Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) are very profitable. But ethically, there is a danger of the dualism of energy between the industrial centers and the distant places. The findings indicate that to ensure that the transition is accessible to all policymakers should include decentralized prosumer incentives (such as Net Metering) to utility-scale projects. A successful transition will be required to reduce the energy crisis during winter, which will make the life of people easier and reduce the carbon footprint per capita in Central Asia (IRENA, 2025).","author":[{"family":"Karimova","given":"Melisa"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20815618","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20815618","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20314490","type":"article-journal","title":"Conservative Party of Canada — Federal Election Platform 2021 Report","abstract":"This report briefly summarizes a standardized energy system assessment of the Conservative Party of Canada’s 2021 federal election platform. It was conducted and authored by the Open Insights team through their Energy Policy Monitor (EPM) platform. The assessment compares the platform’s stated energy and climate policies against a current-policies baseline to estimate their impact on Canada’s greenhouse gas emissions, energy system, and technology deployment pathways. Results are compared against a current-policies baseline reflecting the policy environment as of Q1 2020. Note: This summary does not interpret or evaluate the platform. It presents model outputs transparently and without political judgment. All underlying data, code, and assumptions are publicly available. KEY POLICIES ASSESSED Policies Repealed Policies Introduced or Maintained · Federal consumer carbon price · Federal clean electricity regulation (CER) · Zero-Emission Vehicle mandate (100% by 2035) · 30% ZEV mandate for light-duty vehicles by 2030 · 15% Renewable Natural gas mandate · 5$ B in Carbon Capture Tax Credit · Maintain industrial carbon pricing (OBPS) · Replace consumer carbon price with a personal low carbon saving account (50$/tonne by 2030) · Clean Electricity Regulations Full policy encoding available: epm.openinsights.ca/encoding Full assumptions available: docs.google.com/assumptions KEY FINDINGS Total Emissions Sectoral Emissions Energy Demand (by 2050) 2025: ~ 677 Mt CO2e (vs. 691 Mt baseline with 2021 implemented policies) 2030: ~ 633 Mt CO2e(vs. ~ 673 Mt baseline) 6% decrease from 2021 baseline Manufacturing & Industry: Sector most affected by the policies introduced by 2030 (~17.9 Mt CO2e decrease to baseline by 2030) Significant impact on the transportation sector by 2050 ( ~59.27 Mt CO2e decrease) Electricity: Increase of ~23.03 Mt CO2e by 2050 compared to baseline Electricity Demand: ~300 PJ increase Oil products: ~910 PJ decrease by 2050 Total Energy Demand: ~260 PJ decrease Natural Gas: ~74 PJ increase Hydrogen: ~233 PJ increase Bioenergy: ~13 PJ decrease Full findings can be available (reviewed and replicated): epm.openinsights.ca/results Key Uncertainties and Limitations · Several structural uncertainties affect the confidence with which these results should be interpreted. Behavioural responses to the removal of the consumer carbon price — particularly around vehicle purchase decisions, home heating choices, and fuel switching — are modelled using standard elasticities. Actual consumer responses may differ (such as changes due to fuel price trajectories, household income distributions, and the design details of the Low Carbon Savings Account, which were not fully specified in the platform). · Tax credit reform details were insufficient for precise modeling. The 5B $ tax credit for CCUS was used for two specific sectors: petroleum crude and iron & steel. · Provincial policy interactions (e.g., Quebec cap-and-trade, BC carbon tax) are maintained at current levels in both scenarios. Methodology and Transparency This assessment applies the same standardized methodology to all parties and platforms. EPM assessments do not endorse, recommend, or evaluate any policy platform.","author":[{"family":"Insights","given":"Open"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20314490","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20314490","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20314491","type":"article-journal","title":"Conservative Party of Canada — Federal Election Platform 2021 Report","abstract":"This report briefly summarizes a standardized energy system assessment of the Conservative Party of Canada’s 2021 federal election platform. It was conducted and authored by the Open Insights team through their Energy Policy Monitor (EPM) platform. The assessment compares the platform’s stated energy and climate policies against a current-policies baseline to estimate their impact on Canada’s greenhouse gas emissions, energy system, and technology deployment pathways. Results are compared against a current-policies baseline reflecting the policy environment as of Q1 2020. Note: This summary does not interpret or evaluate the platform. It presents model outputs transparently and without political judgment. All underlying data, code, and assumptions are publicly available. KEY POLICIES ASSESSED Policies Repealed Policies Introduced or Maintained · Federal consumer carbon price · Federal clean electricity regulation (CER) · Zero-Emission Vehicle mandate (100% by 2035) · 30% ZEV mandate for light-duty vehicles by 2030 · 15% Renewable Natural gas mandate · 5$ B in Carbon Capture Tax Credit · Maintain industrial carbon pricing (OBPS) · Replace consumer carbon price with a personal low carbon saving account (50$/tonne by 2030) · Clean Electricity Regulations Full policy encoding available: epm.openinsights.ca/encoding Full assumptions available: docs.google.com/assumptions KEY FINDINGS Total Emissions Sectoral Emissions Energy Demand (by 2050) 2025: ~ 677 Mt CO2e (vs. 691 Mt baseline with 2021 implemented policies) 2030: ~ 633 Mt CO2e(vs. ~ 673 Mt baseline) 6% decrease from 2021 baseline Manufacturing & Industry: Sector most affected by the policies introduced by 2030 (~17.9 Mt CO2e decrease to baseline by 2030) Significant impact on the transportation sector by 2050 ( ~59.27 Mt CO2e decrease) Electricity: Increase of ~23.03 Mt CO2e by 2050 compared to baseline Electricity Demand: ~300 PJ increase Oil products: ~910 PJ decrease by 2050 Total Energy Demand: ~260 PJ decrease Natural Gas: ~74 PJ increase Hydrogen: ~233 PJ increase Bioenergy: ~13 PJ decrease Full findings can be available (reviewed and replicated): epm.openinsights.ca/results Key Uncertainties and Limitations · Several structural uncertainties affect the confidence with which these results should be interpreted. Behavioural responses to the removal of the consumer carbon price — particularly around vehicle purchase decisions, home heating choices, and fuel switching — are modelled using standard elasticities. Actual consumer responses may differ (such as changes due to fuel price trajectories, household income distributions, and the design details of the Low Carbon Savings Account, which were not fully specified in the platform). · Tax credit reform details were insufficient for precise modeling. The 5B $ tax credit for CCUS was used for two specific sectors: petroleum crude and iron & steel. · Provincial policy interactions (e.g., Quebec cap-and-trade, BC carbon tax) are maintained at current levels in both scenarios. Methodology and Transparency This assessment applies the same standardized methodology to all parties and platforms. EPM assessments do not endorse, recommend, or evaluate any policy platform.","author":[{"family":"Insights","given":"Open"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20314491","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20314491","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20839077","type":"article-journal","title":"THE ROLE OF GREEN INVESTMENTS IN DIVERSIFYING RESOURCE-DEPENDENT ECONOMIES: EVIDENCE FROM BRICS+ COUNTRIES","abstract":"This paper investigates the role of green investments in diversifying resource-dependent economies, specifically focusing on the expanded BRICS+ bloc, within the context of the global energy transition. To evaluate the concentration of commodity exports, the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) was calculated alongside the UNCTAD Product Complexity Index (PCI) to capture structural shifts. Utilizing data from the World Bank and the International Energy Agency (IEA), a dynamic panel data regression analysis (Pooled OLS and Fixed Effects models) was conducted for the 2010–2025 period. The econometric results indicate that green investments directed toward renewable energy sources (RES) stimulate non-resource exports and mitigate resource dependency over the long term. Concluding the study, actionable policy recommendations are proposed to enhance the Strategic Foreign Economic Activity (FEA) framework of the Republic of Uzbekistan.","author":[{"family":"Ikramova","given":"Ziynat"},{"family":"Umarova","given":"Shoira"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20839077","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20839077","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20839078","type":"article-journal","title":"THE ROLE OF GREEN INVESTMENTS IN DIVERSIFYING RESOURCE-DEPENDENT ECONOMIES: EVIDENCE FROM BRICS+ COUNTRIES","abstract":"This paper investigates the role of green investments in diversifying resource-dependent economies, specifically focusing on the expanded BRICS+ bloc, within the context of the global energy transition. To evaluate the concentration of commodity exports, the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) was calculated alongside the UNCTAD Product Complexity Index (PCI) to capture structural shifts. Utilizing data from the World Bank and the International Energy Agency (IEA), a dynamic panel data regression analysis (Pooled OLS and Fixed Effects models) was conducted for the 2010–2025 period. The econometric results indicate that green investments directed toward renewable energy sources (RES) stimulate non-resource exports and mitigate resource dependency over the long term. Concluding the study, actionable policy recommendations are proposed to enhance the Strategic Foreign Economic Activity (FEA) framework of the Republic of Uzbekistan.","author":[{"family":"Ikramova","given":"Ziynat"},{"family":"Umarova","given":"Shoira"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20839078","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20839078","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.24377/learningex3880","type":"article-journal","title":"Session 64: Climate and Sustainability at LJMU","abstract":"Session overview: This session will present details of the progress being made with the Climate and Sustainability Plan 2025-2030. We have many successes to share across environmental and energy management, decarbonisation, renewable energy, waste and biodiversity and we are now ranked 15th out of 147 in the UK People and Planet University League table. Key learning points from this session: Key Take-aways: • Understand what actions LJMU are taking to towards environmental sustainability • Know what the university’s targets are for environmental sustainability for the next five years • Know how you can make a contribution to environmental sustainability at LJMU Session 64 - Climate and Sustainability.pptx Only LJMU staff and students have access to this resource.","author":[{"family":"Stokoe","given":"Jennifer"},{"family":"Prys-Williams","given":"Nia"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.24377/learningex3880","URL":"https://doi.org/10.24377/learningex3880","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.71841/es.elst.2026.1141.08.07","type":"article-journal","title":"Состояние и перспективы развития крупномасштабных систем хранения энергии для энергосистем: зарубежный опыт","abstract":"Эффективное использование альтернативных возобновляемых источников энергии является основным трендом в развитии современной мировой энергетики, в том числе для достижения углеродной нейтральности. Интеграция возобновляемых источников в энергосистемы неразрывно связана с внедрением технологий хранения энергии для гарантированного электроснабжения в пиковые периоды и в случае возникновения экстремальных погодных условий. Создание сложных энергетических систем, включающих крупномасштабные системы хранения энергии, энергетические сети, взаимодополняющие комбинации различных источников энергии и конечных потребителей, позволяет эффективно использовать энергию и обеспечивать энергопотребности, снижая затраты. Провед ён анализ развития зарубежных технологий хранения энергии, показаны преимущества и недостатки, даны рекомендации по их внедрению. Рассмотрены примеры использования инновационных технологий, состояние и перспективы развития современных крупномасштабных систем хранения энергии для гибридных энергосистем.","author":[{"family":"Филиппов","given":"ВВ"},{"family":"Лачугин","given":"ВФ"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.71841/es.elst.2026.1141.08.07","URL":"https://doi.org/10.71841/es.elst.2026.1141.08.07","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20828884","type":"article-journal","title":"Solar-Based Wireless EV Charging Station with IoT-Enabled EV Battery Monitoring","abstract":"The global transition toward sustainable transportation is impeded by limitations inherent in conventional plug-in electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure—systems that are cumbersome, maintenance-intensive, and principally reliant on fossil-fuel-derived grid power. This paper presents a holistic, integrated solution comprising a Solar-Based Wireless EV Charging Station coupled with an Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled real-time battery monitoring framework. Leveraging Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) through magnetic resonance coupling, the proposed architecture eliminates physical connectors, thereby delivering a safe, weather-resistant, and usertransparent charging experience. The station is energised by a high-efficiency rooftop photovoltaic (PV) array interfaced with a smart energy management module to minimise grid dependency. The embedded IoT subsystem continuously streams critical battery parameters—State of Charge (SoC), State of Health (SoH), cell temperature, and discharge cycle count—to a cloud-based dashboard. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that the integrated system optimises renewable energy utilisation and measurably extends battery longevity through intelligent diagnostic feedback. This research establishes a scalable blueprint for a self-sustaining, autonomous EV ecosystem, effectively bridging renewable energy harvesting with intelligent urban mobility.","author":[{"family":"Digambar","given":"Mittha"},{"family":"Daware","given":"VA"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20828884","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20828884","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20828885","type":"article-journal","title":"Solar-Based Wireless EV Charging Station with IoT-Enabled EV Battery Monitoring","abstract":"The global transition toward sustainable transportation is impeded by limitations inherent in conventional plug-in electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure—systems that are cumbersome, maintenance-intensive, and principally reliant on fossil-fuel-derived grid power. This paper presents a holistic, integrated solution comprising a Solar-Based Wireless EV Charging Station coupled with an Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled real-time battery monitoring framework. Leveraging Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) through magnetic resonance coupling, the proposed architecture eliminates physical connectors, thereby delivering a safe, weather-resistant, and usertransparent charging experience. The station is energised by a high-efficiency rooftop photovoltaic (PV) array interfaced with a smart energy management module to minimise grid dependency. The embedded IoT subsystem continuously streams critical battery parameters—State of Charge (SoC), State of Health (SoH), cell temperature, and discharge cycle count—to a cloud-based dashboard. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that the integrated system optimises renewable energy utilisation and measurably extends battery longevity through intelligent diagnostic feedback. This research establishes a scalable blueprint for a self-sustaining, autonomous EV ecosystem, effectively bridging renewable energy harvesting with intelligent urban mobility.","author":[{"family":"Digambar","given":"Mittha"},{"family":"Daware","given":"VA"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20828885","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20828885","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20219493","type":"article-journal","title":"Project Ubuntu and the Big Green Web","abstract":"This paper presents Project Ubuntu's Big Green Web as an innovative framework for addressing food insecurity in communities of color through the establishment of interconnected free food forests powered by renewable energy. Drawing on principles of food sovereignty, environmental justice, and mutual aid, this model proposes a nationwide network of community-governed food production systems that reject market-based approaches in favor of open access. By centering Black, Brown, and Indigenous communities and knowledge systems, Project Ubuntu represents a decolonial approach to food security that simultaneously addresses interrelated socioeconomic challenges including health disparities, economic opportunity, and climate resilience. This paper examines the theoretical foundations, operational structure, and potential impacts of this framework, suggesting that it offers a holistic response to systemic inequities in the food system while building community capacity and environmental sustainability.","author":[{"family":"Subsidiaries","given":"Alttech"},{"family":"Earth","given":"The"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20219493","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20219493","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20219494","type":"article-journal","title":"Project Ubuntu and the Big Green Web","abstract":"This paper presents Project Ubuntu's Big Green Web as an innovative framework for addressing food insecurity in communities of color through the establishment of interconnected free food forests powered by renewable energy. Drawing on principles of food sovereignty, environmental justice, and mutual aid, this model proposes a nationwide network of community-governed food production systems that reject market-based approaches in favor of open access. By centering Black, Brown, and Indigenous communities and knowledge systems, Project Ubuntu represents a decolonial approach to food security that simultaneously addresses interrelated socioeconomic challenges including health disparities, economic opportunity, and climate resilience. This paper examines the theoretical foundations, operational structure, and potential impacts of this framework, suggesting that it offers a holistic response to systemic inequities in the food system while building community capacity and environmental sustainability.","author":[{"family":"Subsidiaries","given":"Alttech"},{"family":"Earth","given":"The"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20219494","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20219494","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21361996","type":"article-journal","title":"An Explainable q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Entropy-COPRAS Framework for Green Hydrogen Site Selection under Uncertainty","abstract":"Green hydrogen site selection is a complex multi-criteria decision-making problem involving renewable-energy availability, water access, grid connectivity, industrial demand, land-use constraints, ecological risk, and social-permitting feasibility. Because these criteria are conflicting, heterogeneous, and often judged under uncertainty, this study proposes an explainable q-rung orthopair fuzzy Entropy-COPRAS framework for robust site evaluation. q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets are employed to represent positive, negative, and hesitant expert assessments within a flexible mathematical structure suitable for generalized uncertainty modelling. An entropy-based weighting procedure is developed to derive objective criterion weights from the dispersion of q-rung orthopair fuzzy score information, reflecting information-theoretic uncertainty. The COPRAS method is extended to rank candidate sites by separately considering benefit-type and cost-type criteria according to the complex proportional assessment principle. To improve transparency, the framework incorporates sensitivity analysis through q-parameter variation, weight perturbation, criterion ablation, and criterion-level contribution diagnosis. A reproducible benchmark with five candidate green hydrogen sites and seven criteria demonstrates the approach. Results show that the industrial port brownfield achieves the highest utility score, followed by the coastal renewable hub and inland solar belt. The framework supports transparent, interpretable, and sustainable hydrogen infrastructure planning under uncertain decision environments for planners, investors, regulators, and energy-system decision makers globally.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21361996","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21361996","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21444528","type":"article-journal","title":"An Explainable q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Entropy-COPRAS Framework for Green Hydrogen Site Selection under Uncertainty","abstract":"Green hydrogen site selection is a complex multi-criteria decision-making problem involving renewable-energy availability, water access, grid connectivity, industrial demand, land-use constraints, ecological risk, and social-permitting feasibility. Because these criteria are conflicting, heterogeneous, and often judged under uncertainty, this study proposes an explainable q-rung orthopair fuzzy Entropy-COPRAS framework for robust site evaluation. q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets are employed to represent positive, negative, and hesitant expert assessments within a flexible mathematical structure suitable for generalized uncertainty modelling. An entropy-based weighting procedure is developed to derive objective criterion weights from the dispersion of q-rung orthopair fuzzy score information, reflecting information-theoretic uncertainty. The COPRAS method is extended to rank candidate sites by separately considering benefit-type and cost-type criteria according to the complex proportional assessment principle. To improve transparency, the framework incorporates sensitivity analysis through q-parameter variation, weight perturbation, criterion ablation, and criterion-level contribution diagnosis. A reproducible benchmark with five candidate green hydrogen sites and seven criteria demonstrates the approach. Results show that the industrial port brownfield achieves the highest utility score, followed by the coastal renewable hub and inland solar belt. The framework supports transparent, interpretable, and sustainable hydrogen infrastructure planning under uncertain decision environments for planners, investors, regulators, and energy-system decision makers globally.","author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21444528","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21444528","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20270865","type":"article-journal","title":"HYDRENO: Hydraulic Analysis and Optimization of Distribution Networks with Integrated Irrigation Systems and Renewable Energy Sources","abstract":"This application was developed as part of doctoral research focused on a new concept of irrigation and water use in the landscape. The software integrates hydraulic analysis, energy optimization, and economic evaluation into a single computational environment. The tool enables simulation and optimization of hydraulic pipe networks with emphasis on: irrigation systems, renewable energy integration, water distribution optimization, hydraulic and energy efficiency, economic assessment of network operation. The application was developed in MATLAB App Designer and validated through case studies and comparison with reference hydraulic software.","author":[{"family":"Marcela","given":"Suchánková"},{"family":"Fialová","given":"Simona"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20270865","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20270865","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20270866","type":"article-journal","title":"HYDRENO: Hydraulic Analysis and Optimization of Distribution Networks with Integrated Irrigation Systems and Renewable Energy Sources","abstract":"This application was developed as part of doctoral research focused on a new concept of irrigation and water use in the landscape. The software integrates hydraulic analysis, energy optimization, and economic evaluation into a single computational environment. The tool enables simulation and optimization of hydraulic pipe networks with emphasis on: irrigation systems, renewable energy integration, water distribution optimization, hydraulic and energy efficiency, economic assessment of network operation. The application was developed in MATLAB App Designer and validated through case studies and comparison with reference hydraulic software.","author":[{"family":"Marcela","given":"Suchánková"},{"family":"Fialová","given":"Simona"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20270866","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20270866","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22172739","type":"article-journal","title":"MAIN DIRECTIONS OF ATTRACTING INVESTMENT TO THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF A GREEN ECONOMY","abstract":"This thesis examines the main directions for ensuring investment flows into Uzbekistan's textile industry under the conditions of a green economy. Along with the textile industry's role in economic development, the issue of ecological sustainability is gaining importance because of the industry's extensive use of energy, water, and other natural resources. This study considers the introduction of energy-saving technologies, the use of renewable energy resources, water conservation, the recycling of production waste, and the development of circular economy principles as priority directions for green investment. It also substantiates the importance of government financial support mechanisms, including preferential credit and mechanisms to stimulate private investment..","author":[{"family":"Tolipova","given":"Umida"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22172739","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22172739","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22172740","type":"article-journal","title":"MAIN DIRECTIONS OF ATTRACTING INVESTMENT TO THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF A GREEN ECONOMY","abstract":"This thesis examines the main directions for ensuring investment flows into Uzbekistan's textile industry under the conditions of a green economy. Along with the textile industry's role in economic development, the issue of ecological sustainability is gaining importance because of the industry's extensive use of energy, water, and other natural resources. This study considers the introduction of energy-saving technologies, the use of renewable energy resources, water conservation, the recycling of production waste, and the development of circular economy principles as priority directions for green investment. It also substantiates the importance of government financial support mechanisms, including preferential credit and mechanisms to stimulate private investment..","author":[{"family":"Tolipova","given":"Umida"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22172740","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22172740","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21394617","type":"article-journal","title":"Renewable Energy","abstract":"The increasing demand for clean, sustainable, and environmentally friendly energy has made renewable energy one of the most significant fields of study in science and technology. As the world moves toward reducing dependence on fossil fuels and mitigating climate change, a sound understanding of renewable energy resources and their applications has become essential for students, researchers, and professionals alike. This book has been specially written to cover the B.Sc. Physics Generic Elective course on Renewable Energy prescribed under the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 curriculum of Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded","author":[{"family":"Gore","given":"Tanay"},{"family":"Rout","given":"Siddheshwar"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21394617","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21394617","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21394618","type":"article-journal","title":"Renewable Energy","abstract":"The increasing demand for clean, sustainable, and environmentally friendly energy has made renewable energy one of the most significant fields of study in science and technology. As the world moves toward reducing dependence on fossil fuels and mitigating climate change, a sound understanding of renewable energy resources and their applications has become essential for students, researchers, and professionals alike. This book has been specially written to cover the B.Sc. Physics Generic Elective course on Renewable Energy prescribed under the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 curriculum of Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded","author":[{"family":"Gore","given":"Tanay"},{"family":"Rout","given":"Siddheshwar"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21394618","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21394618","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20055732","type":"article-journal","title":"Digital Twins in Building Renovation - A Literature-Based Investigation into Use Cases, Value Creation, and Economic Evaluation Methods","abstract":"Driven by Europe’s aging building stock and EU sustainability targets, renovation has become increasingly important, especially with the operations and maintenance phase being a critical lever for lasting energy and carbon reductions. This thesis investigates how Digital Twins (DTs) can be operationalized in building renovation and how their benefits can be assessed and quantified. First, DT capabilities are assessed across the three phases: planning, condition assessment & monitoring, and operations & facility management, highlighting the different functionalities like real-time anomaly detection and predictive maintenance. In particular, DT-enabled predictive maintenance emerges as a primary value driver by combining real-time anomaly detection with condition- based scheduling to cut unplanned downtime, avoid failures, and support building operations and thus ensuring operational continuity, cost efficiency, and sustainability. Second, to clarify the value of a DT, their benefits in combination with established economical frameworks are used for an assessment to compare benefits with costs and make investment decisions. Firstly, Life Cycle Cost Analysis integrating DT data turns static estimates into adaptive forecasts. “What-if” and sensitivity analyses within the DT expose dominant cost drivers early, such as material choices and degradation paths, enabling more timely, targeted interventions. In practice, DTs increasingly support the Life Cycle Cost Analysis itself, as they combine sensor and operational data to deliver more precise, continuously updated, decision-ready cost insights. Secondly, Return on Investment is already widely applied as it offers actionable insight into financial trade-offs and requires a detailed accounting of cost savings and avoided costs. Various domains like high-tech manufacturing or renewable energy have shown significant Return on Investment increases from DT adoption. Overall, while Return on Investment for DT can be methodologically complex and context-dependent, it is increasingly robust when integrated with life cycle analysis and multi-scenario simulation, capturing both short- and long-term value. Nonetheless, barriers such as limited longitudinal evidence, interoperability issues, and governance or training gaps hinder routine adoption. By connecting functional use cases with quantification methods, this thesis provides pathways for effectively evaluating and prioritizing DT investments.","author":[{"family":"Raschauer","given":"Callista"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20055732","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20055732","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20055733","type":"article-journal","title":"Digital Twins in Building Renovation - A Literature-Based Investigation into Use Cases, Value Creation, and Economic Evaluation Methods","abstract":"Driven by Europe’s aging building stock and EU sustainability targets, renovation has become increasingly important, especially with the operations and maintenance phase being a critical lever for lasting energy and carbon reductions. This thesis investigates how Digital Twins (DTs) can be operationalized in building renovation and how their benefits can be assessed and quantified. First, DT capabilities are assessed across the three phases: planning, condition assessment & monitoring, and operations & facility management, highlighting the different functionalities like real-time anomaly detection and predictive maintenance. In particular, DT-enabled predictive maintenance emerges as a primary value driver by combining real-time anomaly detection with condition- based scheduling to cut unplanned downtime, avoid failures, and support building operations and thus ensuring operational continuity, cost efficiency, and sustainability. Second, to clarify the value of a DT, their benefits in combination with established economical frameworks are used for an assessment to compare benefits with costs and make investment decisions. Firstly, Life Cycle Cost Analysis integrating DT data turns static estimates into adaptive forecasts. “What-if” and sensitivity analyses within the DT expose dominant cost drivers early, such as material choices and degradation paths, enabling more timely, targeted interventions. In practice, DTs increasingly support the Life Cycle Cost Analysis itself, as they combine sensor and operational data to deliver more precise, continuously updated, decision-ready cost insights. Secondly, Return on Investment is already widely applied as it offers actionable insight into financial trade-offs and requires a detailed accounting of cost savings and avoided costs. Various domains like high-tech manufacturing or renewable energy have shown significant Return on Investment increases from DT adoption. Overall, while Return on Investment for DT can be methodologically complex and context-dependent, it is increasingly robust when integrated with life cycle analysis and multi-scenario simulation, capturing both short- and long-term value. Nonetheless, barriers such as limited longitudinal evidence, interoperability issues, and governance or training gaps hinder routine adoption. By connecting functional use cases with quantification methods, this thesis provides pathways for effectively evaluating and prioritizing DT investments.","author":[{"family":"Raschauer","given":"Callista"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20055733","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20055733","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.58532/nbennuaretb1c12","type":"article-journal","title":"RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES","abstract":"The global transition toward renewable energy represents a critical strategy for addressing climate change, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and ensuring long-term energy security. Renewable energy resources such as solar, wind, hydropower, geothermal, and biomass offer sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels, each contributing uniquely to a diversified energy portfolio. Among these, hydrothermal energy a mature and reliable form of geothermal power—stands out for its ability to deliver continuous baseload electricity with minimal environmental impact. This paper provides an overview of renewable energy systems while offering an in-depth examination of hydrothermal energy, including its formation, power generation technologies, direct-use applications, global distribution, and sustainability considerations. Key hydrothermal technologies such as dry steam, flash steam, and binary cycle power plants are analyzed in terms of efficiency, operational principles, and environmental performance. The study also explores the advantages of hydrothermal energy, including high capacity factors, low lifecycle emissions, and economic stability, alongside challenges such as geographic limitations, exploration risks, and capital-intensive development. Emerging innovations, including Enhanced Geothermal Systems, supercritical geothermal resources, and mineral extraction from geothermal brines, are discussed as pathways to expanding geothermal deployment beyond conventional regions. The paper concludes that hydrothermal energy, supported by technological advancements and policy frameworks, has the potential to play a significant role in achieving a resilient, low-carbon, and sustainable global energy system.","author":[{"family":"Banu","given":"Dr"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.58532/nbennuaretb1c12","URL":"https://doi.org/10.58532/nbennuaretb1c12","source":"crossref"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21863898","type":"article-journal","title":"Impact of India - US Economic engagement on India's roadmap to Viksit Bharath 2047","abstract":"Preface It is with great pleasure that we present the Conference Proceedings of the National Conference on “Impact of India–US Economic Engagement on India’s Roadmap to Viksit Bharat 2047,” organized by the School of Commerce, Nehru Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Coimbatore, and sponsored by the Indian Council of World Affairs (ICWA), New Delhi, on 12–13 August 2026. India–US economic engagement has become an important component of India’s global economic strategy. Cooperation in trade, investment, technology, innovation, energy, digital transformation, and sustainable development offers significant opportunities for strengthening economic growth and competitiveness. The conference provided a platform for academicians, researchers, industry experts, policymakers, professionals, and students to exchange ideas and examine contemporary dimensions of India–US economic relations and India’s development aspirations. The conference explored key themes including strategic economic partnership, bilateral trade and investment, technology and innovation, artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, foreign direct investment, supply chain resilience, energy security, sustainable development, entrepreneurship, digital economy, FinTech, economic diplomacy, inclusive growth, women entrepreneurship, MSMEs, and industrial development. Discussions also focused on India–US Economic Relations: Trade, Investment and Strategic Cooperation; Emerging Economic Partnerships and Policy Synergies; and India’s Roadmap to Viksit Bharat 2047: Growth, Inclusion and Global Engagement. This volume brings together selected research papers presented at the conference, offering diverse perspectives on the opportunities, challenges, and policy dimensions of India–US economic engagement. The contributions highlight the significance of international partnerships, innovation, technological advancement, inclusive growth, employment generation, and effective policy frameworks in supporting India’s journey towards becoming a developed nation by 2047. Selected papers from the conference are published as an E-Conference Proceedings with ISBN. We express our sincere gratitude to the Indian Council of World Affairs (ICWA), New Delhi, for sponsoring and supporting this academic initiative. We also acknowledge the valuable contributions of the Management, Principal, Dean, Heads of Departments, faculty members, organizing committee, speakers, reviewers, authors, and participants of Nehru Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Coimbatore, whose collective efforts contributed to the successful conduct of the conference. We hope that these proceedings will serve as a valuable academic reference and encourage further research, interdisciplinary collaboration, and informed policy discussions on India–US economic relations. We trust that the ideas presented in this volume will contribute to a deeper understanding of India’s economic opportunities and challenges and support the broader vision of Viksit Bharat 2047. Editors Dr. M. Kanagarathinam Dr. Shabana. S","author":[{"family":"Drmkanagarathinam"},{"family":"Drshabanas"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21863898","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21863898","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21863899","type":"article-journal","title":"Impact of India - US Economic engagement on India's roadmap to Viksit Bharath 2047","abstract":"Preface It is with great pleasure that we present the Conference Proceedings of the National Conference on “Impact of India–US Economic Engagement on India’s Roadmap to Viksit Bharat 2047,” organized by the School of Commerce, Nehru Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Coimbatore, and sponsored by the Indian Council of World Affairs (ICWA), New Delhi, on 12–13 August 2026. India–US economic engagement has become an important component of India’s global economic strategy. Cooperation in trade, investment, technology, innovation, energy, digital transformation, and sustainable development offers significant opportunities for strengthening economic growth and competitiveness. The conference provided a platform for academicians, researchers, industry experts, policymakers, professionals, and students to exchange ideas and examine contemporary dimensions of India–US economic relations and India’s development aspirations. The conference explored key themes including strategic economic partnership, bilateral trade and investment, technology and innovation, artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, foreign direct investment, supply chain resilience, energy security, sustainable development, entrepreneurship, digital economy, FinTech, economic diplomacy, inclusive growth, women entrepreneurship, MSMEs, and industrial development. Discussions also focused on India–US Economic Relations: Trade, Investment and Strategic Cooperation; Emerging Economic Partnerships and Policy Synergies; and India’s Roadmap to Viksit Bharat 2047: Growth, Inclusion and Global Engagement. This volume brings together selected research papers presented at the conference, offering diverse perspectives on the opportunities, challenges, and policy dimensions of India–US economic engagement. The contributions highlight the significance of international partnerships, innovation, technological advancement, inclusive growth, employment generation, and effective policy frameworks in supporting India’s journey towards becoming a developed nation by 2047. Selected papers from the conference are published as an E-Conference Proceedings with ISBN. We express our sincere gratitude to the Indian Council of World Affairs (ICWA), New Delhi, for sponsoring and supporting this academic initiative. We also acknowledge the valuable contributions of the Management, Principal, Dean, Heads of Departments, faculty members, organizing committee, speakers, reviewers, authors, and participants of Nehru Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Coimbatore, whose collective efforts contributed to the successful conduct of the conference. We hope that these proceedings will serve as a valuable academic reference and encourage further research, interdisciplinary collaboration, and informed policy discussions on India–US economic relations. We trust that the ideas presented in this volume will contribute to a deeper understanding of India’s economic opportunities and challenges and support the broader vision of Viksit Bharat 2047. Editors Dr. M. Kanagarathinam Dr. Shabana. S","author":[{"family":"Drmkanagarathinam"},{"family":"Drshabanas"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21863899","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21863899","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21551035","type":"article-journal","title":"# Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Quantification of Cube and Goss Textures in Polycrystalline Materials: A Comprehensive Review of Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and EBSD-Based Characterization Approaches","abstract":"## ALTERNATIVE TITLES ### Alternative Title 1 (Comprehensive)**\"AI-Driven Analysis of Cube {100} and Goss {110} Textures: Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and Generative Models for Crystallographic Texture Quantification in Metallurgical Engineering\"** ### Alternative Title 2 (Texture-Focused)**\"Revolutionizing Cube and Goss Texture Quantification with Artificial Intelligence: From EBSD Pattern Indexing to Orientation Distribution Mapping and Property Prediction\"** ### Alternative Title 3 (Application-Focused)**\"AI-Enabled Characterization of Cube Texture in Aluminum Alloys and Goss Texture in Grain-Oriented Electrical Steels: A Comprehensive Review of Methods, Applications, and Future Directions\"** ### Alternative Title 4 (Short & Impactful)**\"Cube and Goss Texture Intelligence: Artificial Intelligence Approaches for Crystallographic Orientation Quantification in Metallurgical Engineering\"** ### Alternative Title 5 (Methodology-Focused)**\"From Convolutional Neural Networks to Variational Autoencoders: AI Methodologies for Cube and Goss Texture Classification, Parameter Prediction, and Reconstruction\"** ### Alternative Title 6 (Physics-Informed)**\"Physics-Informed Artificial Intelligence for Cube and Goss Texture Analysis: Integrating Crystallographic Symmetry, Orientation Space, and Generative Models\"** ### Alternative Title 7 (Industry-Focused)**\"Intelligent Texture Quantification for Grain-Oriented Electrical Steels and Aluminum Alloys: AI-Enabled Characterization of Cube {100} and Goss {110} Orientations\"** ### Alternative Title 8 (Comprehensive Review)**\"Artificial Intelligence in Cube and Goss Texture Analysis: A Systematic Review of Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and Generative Approaches for EBSD and XRD Data\"** ### Alternative Title 9 (Future-Oriented)**\"The Next Generation of Texture Analysis: AI-Enabled Classification, Prediction, and Reconstruction of Cube {100} and Goss {110} Crystallographic Orientations\"** ### Alternative Title 10 (Technical)**\"Deep Learning and Generative Models for Cube and Goss Texture Quantification: EBSD Pattern Indexing, Orientation Distribution Function Prediction, and 3D Microstructure Reconstruction\"** --- ## SUBTITLE OPTIONS ### Subtitle 1**\"A Comprehensive Examination of Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and Generative AI Approaches for Cube {100} and Goss {110} Texture Classification, Parameter Prediction, and Orientation Distribution Reconstruction\"** ### Subtitle 2**\"From Kikuchi Pattern Indexing to Orientation Distribution Functions: How Artificial Intelligence is Transforming Cube and Goss Texture Analysis in Metallurgical Engineering\"** ### Subtitle 3**\"Integrating Convolutional Neural Networks, Variational Autoencoders, Generative Adversarial Networks, and Physics-Informed Models for Enhanced Cube and Goss Texture Quantification\"** ### Subtitle 4**\"Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions for AI-Driven Cube and Goss Texture Classification, Parameter Prediction, and Reconstruction in Polycrystalline Materials\"** ### Subtitle 5**\"Bridging the Gap Between Experimental Characterization and Crystallographic Analysis Through Artificial Intelligence: A Comprehensive Framework for Cube and Goss Texture Quantification\"** ### Subtitle 6**\"Accelerating Cube and Goss Texture Analysis Through AI-Enabled Pattern Recognition, Generative Reconstruction, and Physics-Informed Modeling\"** ### Subtitle 7**\"A Strategic Roadmap for Implementing AI in Cube and Goss Texture Analysis for Research and Industrial Applications\"** ### Subtitle 8**\"Leveraging Deep Learning, Unsupervised Learning, and Generative Models for Next-Generation Cube and Goss Texture Quantification\"** ### Subtitle 9**\"From Grain Orientation Maps to Texture Indices: AI-Driven Solutions for Comprehensive Cube and Goss Crystallographic Analysis\"** ### Subtitle 10**\"Transforming Traditional Texture Analysis Through Intelligent Automation, Generative Reconstruction, and Physics-Informed Deep Learning for Cube and Goss Textures\"","author":[{"family":"Geruganti","given":"Sudhakar"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21551035","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21551035","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21551036","type":"article-journal","title":"# Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Quantification of Cube and Goss Textures in Polycrystalline Materials: A Comprehensive Review of Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and EBSD-Based Characterization Approaches","abstract":"## ALTERNATIVE TITLES ### Alternative Title 1 (Comprehensive)**\"AI-Driven Analysis of Cube {100} and Goss {110} Textures: Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and Generative Models for Crystallographic Texture Quantification in Metallurgical Engineering\"** ### Alternative Title 2 (Texture-Focused)**\"Revolutionizing Cube and Goss Texture Quantification with Artificial Intelligence: From EBSD Pattern Indexing to Orientation Distribution Mapping and Property Prediction\"** ### Alternative Title 3 (Application-Focused)**\"AI-Enabled Characterization of Cube Texture in Aluminum Alloys and Goss Texture in Grain-Oriented Electrical Steels: A Comprehensive Review of Methods, Applications, and Future Directions\"** ### Alternative Title 4 (Short & Impactful)**\"Cube and Goss Texture Intelligence: Artificial Intelligence Approaches for Crystallographic Orientation Quantification in Metallurgical Engineering\"** ### Alternative Title 5 (Methodology-Focused)**\"From Convolutional Neural Networks to Variational Autoencoders: AI Methodologies for Cube and Goss Texture Classification, Parameter Prediction, and Reconstruction\"** ### Alternative Title 6 (Physics-Informed)**\"Physics-Informed Artificial Intelligence for Cube and Goss Texture Analysis: Integrating Crystallographic Symmetry, Orientation Space, and Generative Models\"** ### Alternative Title 7 (Industry-Focused)**\"Intelligent Texture Quantification for Grain-Oriented Electrical Steels and Aluminum Alloys: AI-Enabled Characterization of Cube {100} and Goss {110} Orientations\"** ### Alternative Title 8 (Comprehensive Review)**\"Artificial Intelligence in Cube and Goss Texture Analysis: A Systematic Review of Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and Generative Approaches for EBSD and XRD Data\"** ### Alternative Title 9 (Future-Oriented)**\"The Next Generation of Texture Analysis: AI-Enabled Classification, Prediction, and Reconstruction of Cube {100} and Goss {110} Crystallographic Orientations\"** ### Alternative Title 10 (Technical)**\"Deep Learning and Generative Models for Cube and Goss Texture Quantification: EBSD Pattern Indexing, Orientation Distribution Function Prediction, and 3D Microstructure Reconstruction\"** --- ## SUBTITLE OPTIONS ### Subtitle 1**\"A Comprehensive Examination of Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and Generative AI Approaches for Cube {100} and Goss {110} Texture Classification, Parameter Prediction, and Orientation Distribution Reconstruction\"** ### Subtitle 2**\"From Kikuchi Pattern Indexing to Orientation Distribution Functions: How Artificial Intelligence is Transforming Cube and Goss Texture Analysis in Metallurgical Engineering\"** ### Subtitle 3**\"Integrating Convolutional Neural Networks, Variational Autoencoders, Generative Adversarial Networks, and Physics-Informed Models for Enhanced Cube and Goss Texture Quantification\"** ### Subtitle 4**\"Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions for AI-Driven Cube and Goss Texture Classification, Parameter Prediction, and Reconstruction in Polycrystalline Materials\"** ### Subtitle 5**\"Bridging the Gap Between Experimental Characterization and Crystallographic Analysis Through Artificial Intelligence: A Comprehensive Framework for Cube and Goss Texture Quantification\"** ### Subtitle 6**\"Accelerating Cube and Goss Texture Analysis Through AI-Enabled Pattern Recognition, Generative Reconstruction, and Physics-Informed Modeling\"** ### Subtitle 7**\"A Strategic Roadmap for Implementing AI in Cube and Goss Texture Analysis for Research and Industrial Applications\"** ### Subtitle 8**\"Leveraging Deep Learning, Unsupervised Learning, and Generative Models for Next-Generation Cube and Goss Texture Quantification\"** ### Subtitle 9**\"From Grain Orientation Maps to Texture Indices: AI-Driven Solutions for Comprehensive Cube and Goss Crystallographic Analysis\"** ### Subtitle 10**\"Transforming Traditional Texture Analysis Through Intelligent Automation, Generative Reconstruction, and Physics-Informed Deep Learning for Cube and Goss Textures\"","author":[{"family":"Geruganti","given":"Sudhakar"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21551036","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21551036","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22119034","type":"article-journal","title":"The Science of Environmental Data: Observation, Sampling, Scale, and Uncertainty","abstract":"Zenodo Description The Science of Environmental Data: Observation, Sampling, Scale, and Uncertainty is a textbook and set of companion educational resources concerned with a fundamental problem in environmental science: how observations from imperfect observing systems can be converted into defensible scientific conclusions. Environmental measurements do not represent the environment directly. Every observation has spatial and temporal support, a sampling process, an error structure, and limitations on what can reasonably be inferred from it. The book develops these ideas through examples from meteorology, climatology, hydrology, remote sensing, and environmental monitoring. Topics include spatial and temporal sampling, covariance and representativeness, scale dependence, rainfall occurrence, satellite rainfall verification, rain-gauge networks, missing observations, conditional bias, observing-system design, probability density functions, wind power density, nonlinear environmental quantities, climate trends, and verification using imperfect reference observations. Rainfall is used extensively as a teaching example because its strong spatial and temporal variability makes many environmental sampling problems particularly clear. Additional examples involving wind observations, mesonet data, satellite products, ship observations, and climate records demonstrate that the underlying principles apply much more broadly. A central theme is that statistical analysis should begin by asking what an observation actually represents and whether its support and sampling characteristics are appropriate for the scientific quantity being estimated. Educational materials This Zenodo release includes: the complete textbook in PDF format; the editable Microsoft Word source manuscript; Exercises and Data Labs for The Science of Environmental Data; a curated Environmental Data Student Database containing datasets used in the exercises and demonstrations; documentation describing the accompanying files and data. The exercises are designed to move students beyond calculation toward interpretation. Students are asked to diagnose sampling problems, investigate unexpected results, evaluate verification claims, and determine what conclusions are justified by the observations available. The student database contains both real observational data and clearly identified synthetic teaching datasets. Synthetic datasets are used where known truth is required to demonstrate sampling, verification, or uncertainty concepts. Intended audience The material is intended primarily for graduate students and advanced undergraduates in atmospheric science, environmental science, climatology, hydrology, remote sensing, environmental engineering, geoscience, renewable-energy analysis, and applied environmental statistics. It may also be useful to researchers and professionals who work with environmental observations, gridded products, monitoring networks, satellite retrievals, and other imperfect environmental datasets. Author Mark L. MorrisseyProfessor EmeritusSchool of MeteorologyUniversity of Oklahoma Version Version 1.0, August 2026. This is a continuing educational project. Corrections, additional exercises, improved datasets, and other revisions may be incorporated into subsequent Zenodo versions.","author":[{"family":"Morrissey","given":"Mark"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22119034","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22119034","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22119033","type":"article-journal","title":"The Science of Environmental Data: Observation, Sampling, Scale, and Uncertainty","abstract":"Zenodo Description The Science of Environmental Data: Observation, Sampling, Scale, and Uncertainty is a textbook and set of companion educational resources concerned with a fundamental problem in environmental science: how observations from imperfect observing systems can be converted into defensible scientific conclusions. Environmental measurements do not represent the environment directly. Every observation has spatial and temporal support, a sampling process, an error structure, and limitations on what can reasonably be inferred from it. The book develops these ideas through examples from meteorology, climatology, hydrology, remote sensing, and environmental monitoring. Topics include spatial and temporal sampling, covariance and representativeness, scale dependence, rainfall occurrence, satellite rainfall verification, rain-gauge networks, missing observations, conditional bias, observing-system design, probability density functions, wind power density, nonlinear environmental quantities, climate trends, and verification using imperfect reference observations. Rainfall is used extensively as a teaching example because its strong spatial and temporal variability makes many environmental sampling problems particularly clear. Additional examples involving wind observations, mesonet data, satellite products, ship observations, and climate records demonstrate that the underlying principles apply much more broadly. A central theme is that statistical analysis should begin by asking what an observation actually represents and whether its support and sampling characteristics are appropriate for the scientific quantity being estimated. Educational materials This Zenodo release includes: the complete textbook in PDF format; the editable Microsoft Word source manuscript; Exercises and Data Labs for The Science of Environmental Data; a curated Environmental Data Student Database containing datasets used in the exercises and demonstrations; documentation describing the accompanying files and data. The exercises are designed to move students beyond calculation toward interpretation. Students are asked to diagnose sampling problems, investigate unexpected results, evaluate verification claims, and determine what conclusions are justified by the observations available. The student database contains both real observational data and clearly identified synthetic teaching datasets. Synthetic datasets are used where known truth is required to demonstrate sampling, verification, or uncertainty concepts. Intended audience The material is intended primarily for graduate students and advanced undergraduates in atmospheric science, environmental science, climatology, hydrology, remote sensing, environmental engineering, geoscience, renewable-energy analysis, and applied environmental statistics. It may also be useful to researchers and professionals who work with environmental observations, gridded products, monitoring networks, satellite retrievals, and other imperfect environmental datasets. Author Mark L. MorrisseyProfessor EmeritusSchool of MeteorologyUniversity of Oklahoma Version Version 1.0, August 2026. This is a continuing educational project. Corrections, additional exercises, improved datasets, and other revisions may be incorporated into subsequent Zenodo versions.","author":[{"family":"Morrissey","given":"Mark"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.22119033","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22119033","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19609154","type":"article-journal","title":"33rd VindKraftNet meeting :: Climate Change","abstract":"33rd VindKraftNet meeting :: Climate Change 15th April 2026 DTU, Risø, Denmark Programme 10:00 Welcome and presentation of participants Lars Landberg, DNV 10:10 Welcome to DTU Jake Badger, DTU 10:20 How is wind energy meteorology (mis)understood in past and recent studies on climate change's impact on future renewable energy? [01] Andrea Hahmann, DTU 10:50 Uncertainties in wind resource projections and the economics of wind farm portfolios [02] Ana Lopez & Kai Lochbihler, Climate Scale 11:40 Method for assessing the impact of climate change on future energy production [03] Lucas Mackie, Ørsted 12:10 Lunch 13:10 Climate2Energy: a framework to consistently include climate change into energy system modeling [04] Jan Wohland, Oslo Uni 13:40 Rain and wind climate co-variation relevant to estimate blade erosion [05] Abhiram Vinod, Charlotte Hasager, Krystallia Dimitriadou, DTU 14:10 Climate risk analysis in wind resource assessment: how to filter and select climate models? [06] Anne Lena Holzäpfel, RWE 14:40 Break 15:10 Impact of Climate Change on 50-year wind speeds and turbine class requirements [07] Milan Matthew, IUSS Pavia 15:40 Next meeting (place and topic), Zenodo Lars Landberg, DNV 16:00 End Next meeting: At: ???; Topic: measurements; Fall 2026, Organiser: DNV (lars.landberg@dnv.com) /LL, 16/04/26","author":[{"family":"Landberg","given":"Lars"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19609154","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19609154","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19609155","type":"article-journal","title":"33rd VindKraftNet meeting :: Climate Change","abstract":"33rd VindKraftNet meeting :: Climate Change 15th April 2026 DTU, Risø, Denmark Programme 10:00 Welcome and presentation of participants Lars Landberg, DNV 10:10 Welcome to DTU Jake Badger, DTU 10:20 How is wind energy meteorology (mis)understood in past and recent studies on climate change's impact on future renewable energy? [01] Andrea Hahmann, DTU 10:50 Uncertainties in wind resource projections and the economics of wind farm portfolios [02] Ana Lopez & Kai Lochbihler, Climate Scale 11:40 Method for assessing the impact of climate change on future energy production [03] Lucas Mackie, Ørsted 12:10 Lunch 13:10 Climate2Energy: a framework to consistently include climate change into energy system modeling [04] Jan Wohland, Oslo Uni 13:40 Rain and wind climate co-variation relevant to estimate blade erosion [05] Abhiram Vinod, Charlotte Hasager, Krystallia Dimitriadou, DTU 14:10 Climate risk analysis in wind resource assessment: how to filter and select climate models? [06] Anne Lena Holzäpfel, RWE 14:40 Break 15:10 Impact of Climate Change on 50-year wind speeds and turbine class requirements [07] Milan Matthew, IUSS Pavia 15:40 Next meeting (place and topic), Zenodo Lars Landberg, DNV 16:00 End Next meeting: At: ???; Topic: measurements; Fall 2026, Organiser: DNV (lars.landberg@dnv.com) /LL, 16/04/26","author":[{"family":"Landberg","given":"Lars"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19609155","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19609155","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21289262","type":"article-journal","title":"2026 6th International Conference on Energy Evolution and Power Engineering: Transition, Intelligence and Autonomy (EEPE-TIA 2026)","abstract":"★CONTACT US Website: https://www.coeepe.org/ Date:August 7-9, 2026 Venue:Hohhot, China Conference Email:contact@coeepe.org Conference Tel:+86 28 85027305 (International) Monday-Friday, 9:00am-12:00pm and 1:30pm-6:00pm ★Welcome to EEPE-TIA 2026 2026 6th International Conference on Energy Evolution and Power Engineering: Transition, Intelligence and Autonomy (EEPE-TIA 2026) is organized by Inner Mongolia University of Technology, hosted by College of Electric Power, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, and School of Electronics and Information, Xi'an Polytechnic University. EEPE-TIA 2026 will be held in Hohhot, China during August 7-9, 2026. Energy and power are playing an increasingly pivotal role in our modern life and are transforming the way we utilise energy and the way we live. This conference will bring together leading scientists, practitioners, researchers and delegates across the globe to present the latest innovations and knowledge in energy and power engineering and to stimulate new ideas and collaborations. ★Publication Information Registered and presented full papers will be included in the EEPE-TIA 2026 digital conference proceedings and submitted to major citation databases (including, but not limited to Ei Compendex and Scopus) for review and indexing. ★Call for papers (https://www.coeepe.org/cfp25) Topics of Interest include but not limited to: Advanced Energy Technologies Artificial Intelligence Automatic Control Building Energy-Saving Applications Development and Utilization of Solar Energy Development and Utilization of Wind Energy Eco-design and Eco-efficiency Efficient Use of Resources Electricity Carbon Fusion Energy Chemical Engineering Energy Efficiency Energy Equipment, Markets and Materials Energy Policy, Economics, Planning and Regulation Energy Security and Clean Use Energy-efficient Lighting Products and Technologies Energy-saving Technology Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Hydrogen Energy Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Hydropower Engineering Integrated Energy Systems Intelligent Electrical Appliance Nanotechnology Applications to Renewable Energy New Electric Power System Technologies New Energy Vehicles, Electric Vehicles Nuclear Energy Engineering Photovoltaic and Energy Storage Technologies Photovoltaic Systems and Solar Energy Engineering Power Electronics Power Quality Power System Control Power System Modelling Power System Optimization Power System Reliability Power System Simulation Power System Stability Power System State Estimation Pumped Storage Power Engineering Renewable Energy and Buildings Renewable Energy and Carbon Emission Reduction Renewable Energy Economics and Policy Renewable Energy Grid Renewable Energy Utilizations Risk Management Issues in the Energy Sector Smart Grid Wind Energy Engineering","author":[{"family":"Coreshare"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21289262","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21289262","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21289263","type":"article-journal","title":"2026 6th International Conference on Energy Evolution and Power Engineering: Transition, Intelligence and Autonomy (EEPE-TIA 2026)","abstract":"★CONTACT US Website: https://www.coeepe.org/ Date:August 7-9, 2026 Venue:Hohhot, China Conference Email:contact@coeepe.org Conference Tel:+86 28 85027305 (International) Monday-Friday, 9:00am-12:00pm and 1:30pm-6:00pm ★Welcome to EEPE-TIA 2026 2026 6th International Conference on Energy Evolution and Power Engineering: Transition, Intelligence and Autonomy (EEPE-TIA 2026) is organized by Inner Mongolia University of Technology, hosted by College of Electric Power, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, and School of Electronics and Information, Xi'an Polytechnic University. EEPE-TIA 2026 will be held in Hohhot, China during August 7-9, 2026. Energy and power are playing an increasingly pivotal role in our modern life and are transforming the way we utilise energy and the way we live. This conference will bring together leading scientists, practitioners, researchers and delegates across the globe to present the latest innovations and knowledge in energy and power engineering and to stimulate new ideas and collaborations. ★Publication Information Registered and presented full papers will be included in the EEPE-TIA 2026 digital conference proceedings and submitted to major citation databases (including, but not limited to Ei Compendex and Scopus) for review and indexing. ★Call for papers (https://www.coeepe.org/cfp25) Topics of Interest include but not limited to: Advanced Energy Technologies Artificial Intelligence Automatic Control Building Energy-Saving Applications Development and Utilization of Solar Energy Development and Utilization of Wind Energy Eco-design and Eco-efficiency Efficient Use of Resources Electricity Carbon Fusion Energy Chemical Engineering Energy Efficiency Energy Equipment, Markets and Materials Energy Policy, Economics, Planning and Regulation Energy Security and Clean Use Energy-efficient Lighting Products and Technologies Energy-saving Technology Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Hydrogen Energy Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Hydropower Engineering Integrated Energy Systems Intelligent Electrical Appliance Nanotechnology Applications to Renewable Energy New Electric Power System Technologies New Energy Vehicles, Electric Vehicles Nuclear Energy Engineering Photovoltaic and Energy Storage Technologies Photovoltaic Systems and Solar Energy Engineering Power Electronics Power Quality Power System Control Power System Modelling Power System Optimization Power System Reliability Power System Simulation Power System Stability Power System State Estimation Pumped Storage Power Engineering Renewable Energy and Buildings Renewable Energy and Carbon Emission Reduction Renewable Energy Economics and Policy Renewable Energy Grid Renewable Energy Utilizations Risk Management Issues in the Energy Sector Smart Grid Wind Energy Engineering","author":[{"family":"Coreshare"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21289263","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21289263","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21820239","type":"article-journal","title":"Sınırda Karbon Düzenleme Mekanizması (SKDM) Kapsamında Demir Çelik Sektöründe Sürdürülebilirlik Stratejileri ve Emisyon Azaltım Yöntemlerinin Değerlendirilmesi","abstract":"Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is one of the measures implemented by the European Union (EU) to achieve its goal of achieving climate neutrality by 2050 at the latest. With the implementation of CBAM, carbon taxes will be paid for certain product groups (iron, steel, aluminum, cement, fertilizer, electricity and hydrogen) to be exported from our country to Europe as of 2026. Companies eager to maintain their compatitive advantage in the international market have begun preparations for CBAM. This study evaluates emission reduction methods for the iron and steel sector, which falls under the CBAM scope, based on international and national research reports. The decarbonization efforts of the sector covered by CBAM framework will contribute Turkey’s achievement of its goal of achieving a net-zero greenhouse gas emission economy by 2053, announced after the Paris Agreement, and thus contribute to achieving a low-carbon, sustainable economy. In this study, energy and material efficiency, direct reduced iron (DRI) use, electrification, renewable energy investments, hydrogen, carbon capture utilization and storage are discussed, which are the emission reduction methods that contribute most to decarbonization of the iron and steel industry. Apart from the implementation of these emission reduction methods, additional costs from CBAM can be prevented by ensuring that emission trading system (ETS) to be established in our country is compatible with the EU.","author":[{"family":"Duran","given":"Özge"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21820239","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21820239","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21820240","type":"article-journal","title":"Sınırda Karbon Düzenleme Mekanizması (SKDM) Kapsamında Demir Çelik Sektöründe Sürdürülebilirlik Stratejileri ve Emisyon Azaltım Yöntemlerinin Değerlendirilmesi","abstract":"Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is one of the measures implemented by the European Union (EU) to achieve its goal of achieving climate neutrality by 2050 at the latest. With the implementation of CBAM, carbon taxes will be paid for certain product groups (iron, steel, aluminum, cement, fertilizer, electricity and hydrogen) to be exported from our country to Europe as of 2026. Companies eager to maintain their compatitive advantage in the international market have begun preparations for CBAM. This study evaluates emission reduction methods for the iron and steel sector, which falls under the CBAM scope, based on international and national research reports. The decarbonization efforts of the sector covered by CBAM framework will contribute Turkey’s achievement of its goal of achieving a net-zero greenhouse gas emission economy by 2053, announced after the Paris Agreement, and thus contribute to achieving a low-carbon, sustainable economy. In this study, energy and material efficiency, direct reduced iron (DRI) use, electrification, renewable energy investments, hydrogen, carbon capture utilization and storage are discussed, which are the emission reduction methods that contribute most to decarbonization of the iron and steel industry. Apart from the implementation of these emission reduction methods, additional costs from CBAM can be prevented by ensuring that emission trading system (ETS) to be established in our country is compatible with the EU.","author":[{"family":"Duran","given":"Özge"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21820240","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21820240","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21443135","type":"article-journal","title":"新能源与数字算力热灾增量机制研究——光伏、风电、核电、AI 算力作为当代热灾核心加速源的物理实证与系统分析","abstract":"中文描述本文首次系统论证了一个被全球气候治理领域系统性忽略的热力学真相:被全球视为“清洁能源”的光伏、风电、核电,以及被视为“未来核心生产力”的 AI 算力,在缺乏配套热量回收循环体系的条件下,实质上是当代全球热灾跳跃式爆发的核心加速增量源。这些技术和设施的物理产热总量被全球政策话语和气候模型系统性低估或完全忽略,导致“越环保、越产热”的悖论式困境。 核心悖论与物理实证: 光伏:转化效率仅 15-23%,75%以上光能直接转化为大气废热,且大面积铺设将地表从“多元消耗”(光合+蒸腾)变为“单一产热”风电:机械摩擦、齿轮箱发热、逆变损耗全部以热能排放,单台风机持续散热,数十万台累积效应显著核电:整体效率不足 40%,过半能量以冷却水废热排入海洋,单座百万千瓦级核电站废热排放功率约 2000MW(是发电功率的两倍)AI 算力:数据中心 99%以上电能最终转化为废热,全球年废热排放约 7-10×10¹⁸ 焦耳,且 AI 训练集群单机柜热功率密度是普通机柜的 5-10 倍时间线吻合与因果结论:2022 年后中美同步大规模铺开新能源发电和 AI 算力基础设施的时间节点,与 2023-2026 年全球热灾跳跃式爆发的时间窗口高度重合——这不是巧合,是因果。新能源替代化石燃料可以在碳排放账本上实现减碳,但在热排放账本上——如果不配套热回收系统——热排放总量并不会显著下降,在某些场景下甚至可能上升。 核心结论与改良方向:本文不是否定新���源和 AI 的价值——是在论证它们缺少另一半必不可少的配套技术——热回收系统。新能源 + AI + 全域热回收管网 = 可持续的文明能源体系。每一座光伏电站、数据中心、核电站,在建设时就应当同步预留热回收接口,这是热武纪时代的基础设施标配。 English DescriptionThis paper presents the first systematic demonstration of a thermodynamic truth systematically overlooked by the global climate governance community: Solar, wind, and nuclear power — globally regarded as \"clean energy\" — together with AI computing power — regarded as the \"core future productivity\" — are, in the absence of supporting waste-heat recovery and circulation systems, the core accelerating increment sources behind the step-change eruption of the contemporary global thermal catastrophe. The total physical heat output of these technologies and facilities has been systematically underestimated or completely ignored by global policy discourse and climate models, resulting in the paradoxical dilemma of \"the more environmentally friendly, the more heat is generated.\" Core Paradoxes and Physical Evidence: Solar PV: Conversion efficiency of only 15-23%; over 75% of incident solar radiation is directly converted into atmospheric waste heat. Large-scale deployment transforms land surfaces from \"multi-channel dissipation\" (photosynthesis + evapotranspiration) into \"single-channel heat generation.\"Wind Power: Mechanical friction, gearbox heating, and inverter losses are all dissipated as thermal energy. Each turbine is a continuous point-source heat emitter; the cumulative effect of hundreds of thousands of turbines is significant.Nuclear Power: Overall efficiency below 40%; over half of the energy is discharged as waste heat through cooling water into the environment. A single 1,000 MW nuclear reactor discharges approximately 2,000 MW of waste heat — twice its electrical output.AI Computing Power: Over 99% of the electrical energy consumed by data centers is ultimately converted into waste heat. Global annual waste heat emissions from data centers are estimated at 7–10 × 10¹⁸ joules, with AI training clusters exhibiting 5–10 times the thermal power density of standard server racks.Temporal Correlation and Causal Conclusion: The synchronized large-scale deployment of renewable energy generation and AI computing infrastructure in China and the United States after 2022 coincides exactly with the window of step-change escalation in the global thermal catastrophe from 2023 to 2026. This is not coincidence — it is causation. Replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy can reduce carbon emissions on the carbon account, but on the heat emission account — without a supporting waste-heat recovery system — total heat emissions do not decrease significantly and may even increase in certain scenarios. Core Conclusion and Remedial Direction: This paper does not negate the value of renewable energy or AI. It demonstrates that they are missing an essential complementary technology — the waste-heat recovery system. Renewable energy + AI + a global waste-heat recovery pipeline network = a sustainable energy system for civilization. Every solar farm, every data center, and every nuclear power plant should have waste-heat recovery interfaces pre-installed at the construction stage. This is not an \"optional environmental measure\" — it is a mandatory infrastructure standard for the Thermal Warfare Era.","author":[{"family":"全体人类","given":"All"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21443135","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21443135","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21443136","type":"article-journal","title":"新能源与数字算力热灾增量机制研究——光伏、风电、核电、AI 算力作为当代热灾核心加速源的物理实证与系统分析","abstract":"中文描述本文首次系统论证了一个被全球气候治理领域系统性忽略的热力学真相:被全球视为“清洁能源”的光伏、风电、核电,以及被视为“未来核心生产力”的 AI 算力,在缺乏配套热量回收循环体系的条件下,实质上是当代全球热灾跳跃式爆发的核心加速增量源。这些技术和设施的物理产热总量被全球政策话语和气候模型系统性低估或完全忽略,导致“越环保、越产热”的悖论式困境。 核心悖论与物理实证: 光伏:转化效率仅 15-23%,75%以上光能直接转化为大气废热,且大面积铺设将地表从“多元消耗”(光合+蒸腾)变为“单一产热”风电:机械摩擦、齿轮箱发热、逆变损耗全部以热能排放,单台风机持续散热,数十万台累积效应显著核电:整体效率不足 40%,过半能量以冷却水废热排入海洋,单座百万千瓦级核电站废热排放功率约 2000MW(是发电功率的两倍)AI 算力:数据中心 99%以上电能最终转化为废热,全球年废热排放约 7-10×10¹⁸ 焦耳,且 AI 训练集群单机柜热功率密度是普通机柜的 5-10 倍时间线吻合与因果结论:2022 年后中美同步大规模铺开新能源发电和 AI 算力基础设施的时间节点,与 2023-2026 年全球热灾跳跃式爆发的时间窗口高度重合——这不是巧合,是因果。新能源替代化石燃料可以在碳排放账本上实现减碳,但在热排放账本上——如果不配套热回收系统——热排放总量并不会显著下降,在某些场景下甚至可能上升。 核心结论与改良方向:本文不是否定新能源和 AI 的价值——是在论证它们缺少另一半必不可少的配套技术——热回收系统。新能源 + AI + 全域热回收管网 = 可持续的文明能源体系。每一座光伏电站、数据中心、核电站,在建设时就应当同步预留热回收接口,这是热武纪时代的基础设施标配。 English DescriptionThis paper presents the first systematic demonstration of a thermodynamic truth systematically overlooked by the global climate governance community: Solar, wind, and nuclear power — globally regarded as \"clean energy\" — together with AI computing power — regarded as the \"core future productivity\" — are, in the absence of supporting waste-heat recovery and circulation systems, the core accelerating increment sources behind the step-change eruption of the contemporary global thermal catastrophe. The total physical heat output of these technologies and facilities has been systematically underestimated or completely ignored by global policy discourse and climate models, resulting in the paradoxical dilemma of \"the more environmentally friendly, the more heat is generated.\" Core Paradoxes and Physical Evidence: Solar PV: Conversion efficiency of only 15-23%; over 75% of incident solar radiation is directly converted into atmospheric waste heat. Large-scale deployment transforms land surfaces from \"multi-channel dissipation\" (photosynthesis + evapotranspiration) into \"single-channel heat generation.\"Wind Power: Mechanical friction, gearbox heating, and inverter losses are all dissipated as thermal energy. Each turbine is a continuous point-source heat emitter; the cumulative effect of hundreds of thousands of turbines is significant.Nuclear Power: Overall efficiency below 40%; over half of the energy is discharged as waste heat through cooling water into the environment. A single 1,000 MW nuclear reactor discharges approximately 2,000 MW of waste heat — twice its electrical output.AI Computing Power: Over 99% of the electrical energy consumed by data centers is ultimately converted into waste heat. Global annual waste heat emissions from data centers are estimated at 7–10 × 10¹⁸ joules, with AI training clusters exhibiting 5–10 times the thermal power density of standard server racks.Temporal Correlation and Causal Conclusion: The synchronized large-scale deployment of renewable energy generation and AI computing infrastructure in China and the United States after 2022 coincides exactly with the window of step-change escalation in the global thermal catastrophe from 2023 to 2026. This is not coincidence — it is causation. Replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy can reduce carbon emissions on the carbon account, but on the heat emission account — without a supporting waste-heat recovery system — total heat emissions do not decrease significantly and may even increase in certain scenarios. Core Conclusion and Remedial Direction: This paper does not negate the value of renewable energy or AI. It demonstrates that they are missing an essential complementary technology — the waste-heat recovery system. Renewable energy + AI + a global waste-heat recovery pipeline network = a sustainable energy system for civilization. Every solar farm, every data center, and every nuclear power plant should have waste-heat recovery interfaces pre-installed at the construction stage. This is not an \"optional environmental measure\" — it is a mandatory infrastructure standard for the Thermal Warfare Era.","author":[{"family":"全体人类","given":"All"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21443136","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21443136","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21273398","type":"article-journal","title":"The Vortex Capacitor — A Universal Geometric Energy Storage System Replacing All Conventional Batteries, Capacitors, and Energy Storage Devices","abstract":"DESCRIPTION — VORTEX CAPACITOR Complete Legal and Technical Description (Engineering Language) --- Title: The Vortex Capacitor — A Universal Geometric Energy Storage System Replacing All Conventional Batteries, Capacitors, and Energy Storage Devices Authors: Blakeley, Christopher (ORCID: 0009-0001-3020-7235) Contact: airgroupmail@gmail.com Publication Date: 9 July 2026 Version: v1.0 — Complete Technical Specification License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 with Sovereign Commercial Clause & Weapons System Restriction --- --- ABSTRACT The Vortex Capacitor is a complete, self-contained geometric energy storage system that stores energy as twist in a field-active medium—an active, memory-recording geometric field space. Unlike conventional energy storage technologies, the Vortex Capacitor stores energy geometrically, with no chemical degradation, no moving parts, no thermal losses, and infinite cycle life. Performance is scale-invariant—energy density, power density, and efficiency depend only on field geometry, not on absolute size. Control Systems Covered: While the Vortex Capacitor is designed to be controlled by the LRO-κ⁸ geometric language (8-state octal system), the underlying field-based energy storage technology is independent of control system implementation. Any system that stores energy in vortex field geometry, wave field geometry, or any field-based geometric configuration—regardless of control system, regardless of control language, and regardless of monitoring system—falls under this prior art. Specifically, the use of binary-based control systems with field-based monitoring systems to control vortex field geometry for energy storage is explicitly covered. Any adaptation, modification, or implementation that achieves the same functional result—storing energy in field-based geometric states—establishes prior art for this disclosure. This document establishes prior art for all methods, systems, and apparatuses that: · Store energy in geometric field states (twist, compression, phase-locked nodes) · Use vortex field geometry, wave field geometry, or any field geometry as an energy storage medium · Convert any waveform (optical, acoustic, thermal, electromagnetic, kinetic, mechanical, gravitational, magnetic, electric, scalar, quantum, plasma, or any field state) into stored geometric energy · Release stored geometric energy as any waveform or field type · Use field geometry as a capacitor, battery, or energy storage device of any kind · Use any terminology or naming convention to describe field-based geometric energy storage · Use any control system—including LRO-κ⁸, binary, or any other system—to control field-based geometric energy storage · Use any monitoring system—including field-based, electromagnetic, optical, or any other system—to monitor field-based geometric energy storage Keywords: Vortex Capacitor, geometric energy storage, field-based capacitor, vortex energy storage, twist storage, compression storage, phase-locked energy storage, field-active medium, LRO-κ⁸, scale-invariant energy storage, universal energy storage, battery replacement, capacitor replacement, infinite cycle life, no degradation, regenerative braking, energy recovery, waveform conversion, field conversion, N+1 redundancy, failover, parallel configuration, series configuration, binary control, field-based monitoring, sovereign IP, CC BY-NC-SA, vortex field wave field energy storage --- --- 1. WHAT THE VORTEX CAPACITOR REPLACES This document establishes prior art for the Vortex Capacitor as a complete replacement for ALL conventional energy storage technologies, including but not limited to: 1.1 Chemical Batteries · Lithium-ion batteries · Lead-acid batteries · Nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries · Nickel-cadmium (NiCd) batteries · Sodium-sulfur batteries · Redox flow batteries · All other electrochemical storage devices 1.2 Capacitors · Electrolytic capacitors · Supercapacitors · Ultracapacitors · Capacitor banks · All other charge-storage devices 1.","author":[{"family":"Blakeley","given":"Christopher"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21273398","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21273398","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21273399","type":"article-journal","title":"The Vortex Capacitor — A Universal Geometric Energy Storage System Replacing All Conventional Batteries, Capacitors, and Energy Storage Devices","abstract":"DESCRIPTION — VORTEX CAPACITOR Complete Legal and Technical Description (Engineering Language) --- Title: The Vortex Capacitor — A Universal Geometric Energy Storage System Replacing All Conventional Batteries, Capacitors, and Energy Storage Devices Authors: Blakeley, Christopher (ORCID: 0009-0001-3020-7235) Contact: airgroupmail@gmail.com Publication Date: 9 July 2026 Version: v1.0 — Complete Technical Specification License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 with Sovereign Commercial Clause & Weapons System Restriction --- --- ABSTRACT The Vortex Capacitor is a complete, self-contained geometric energy storage system that stores energy as twist in a field-active medium—an active, memory-recording geometric field space. Unlike conventional energy storage technologies, the Vortex Capacitor stores energy geometrically, with no chemical degradation, no moving parts, no thermal losses, and infinite cycle life. Performance is scale-invariant—energy density, power density, and efficiency depend only on field geometry, not on absolute size. Control Systems Covered: While the Vortex Capacitor is designed to be controlled by the LRO-κ⁸ geometric language (8-state octal system), the underlying field-based energy storage technology is independent of control system implementation. Any system that stores energy in vortex field geometry, wave field geometry, or any field-based geometric configuration—regardless of control system, regardless of control language, and regardless of monitoring system—falls under this prior art. Specifically, the use of binary-based control systems with field-based monitoring systems to control vortex field geometry for energy storage is explicitly covered. Any adaptation, modification, or implementation that achieves the same functional result—storing energy in field-based geometric states—establishes prior art for this disclosure. This document establishes prior art for all methods, systems, and apparatuses that: · Store energy in geometric field states (twist, compression, phase-locked nodes) · Use vortex field geometry, wave field geometry, or any field geometry as an energy storage medium · Convert any waveform (optical, acoustic, thermal, electromagnetic, kinetic, mechanical, gravitational, magnetic, electric, scalar, quantum, plasma, or any field state) into stored geometric energy · Release stored geometric energy as any waveform or field type · Use field geometry as a capacitor, battery, or energy storage device of any kind · Use any terminology or naming convention to describe field-based geometric energy storage · Use any control system—including LRO-κ⁸, binary, or any other system—to control field-based geometric energy storage · Use any monitoring system—including field-based, electromagnetic, optical, or any other system—to monitor field-based geometric energy storage Keywords: Vortex Capacitor, geometric energy storage, field-based capacitor, vortex energy storage, twist storage, compression storage, phase-locked energy storage, field-active medium, LRO-κ⁸, scale-invariant energy storage, universal energy storage, battery replacement, capacitor replacement, infinite cycle life, no degradation, regenerative braking, energy recovery, waveform conversion, field conversion, N+1 redundancy, failover, parallel configuration, series configuration, binary control, field-based monitoring, sovereign IP, CC BY-NC-SA, vortex field wave field energy storage --- --- 1. WHAT THE VORTEX CAPACITOR REPLACES This document establishes prior art for the Vortex Capacitor as a complete replacement for ALL conventional energy storage technologies, including but not limited to: 1.1 Chemical Batteries · Lithium-ion batteries · Lead-acid batteries · Nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries · Nickel-cadmium (NiCd) batteries · Sodium-sulfur batteries · Redox flow batteries · All other electrochemical storage devices 1.2 Capacitors · Electrolytic capacitors · Supercapacitors · Ultracapacitors · Capacitor banks · All other charge-storage devices 1.","author":[{"family":"Blakeley","given":"Christopher"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.21273399","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21273399","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19475556","type":"article-journal","title":"LTMFC: THE LIVESTOCK MICROBIAL FUEL CELL REVOLUTION  Complete Geometric Energy System — Zero Emission, Infinite Potential","abstract":"NOTE: GOVERNMENT OF PUNJAB DON'T PAY ME FOR RESEARCH, I JUST WORK IN C&W Department, Monitoring and Evaluation Wing District Multan Government of Punjab, Pakistan. Nor government of Punjab can teach me science or anything. This is automatically added. My affiliation is only with Quran, Hadith, Sunnah. I cannot receive or can accept any payment, funding, awards, certificates, any Worldly benefits. Strictly Prohibited to me. I am Student, servant and Soldier of Allah Almighty and Prophet Muhammad PBUH. This is automatically added by Zenodo. Not government of Punjab. Zenodo Metadata Description LTMFC: THE LIVESTOCK MICROBIAL FUEL CELL REVOLUTION Complete Geometric Energy System — Zero Emission, Infinite Potential --- DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19475557 --- Title LTMFC: THE LIVESTOCK MICROBIAL FUEL CELL REVOLUTION — Complete Geometric Energy System: Zero Emission, Infinite Potential (EV Tractors, EV Buses, EV Transport Trucks, Farm EV Charging Stations, Natural Fertilizer, Premium Milk & Meat, Green Farms, Green Cities, Green Planet) --- Authors Malik, Muhammad Usman ORCID: 0009-0004-3269-2918 Affiliation: N‑K Universal Computer, Quran, Hadith, Sunnah --- Publication Date 9 April 2026 CE · 21 Ramadan 1447 AH --- Version 2.0 (Complete — After Deep Research) --- DOI 10.5281/zenodo.19475557 --- License CC BY-NC 4.0 (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International) Sadaqa Jariyah – Perpetual Charity. Free for personal study, education, and research. --- Abstract The Livestock Microbial Fuel Cell (LTMFC) is a complete geometric energy system that converts livestock manure into continuous electricity, natural fertilizer, and clean water — with zero emissions, zero waste, and zero fuel cost. After deep research using the N‑K Universal Computer (10¹⁵ entangled N‑pairs, phase‑locked at 135.5°, gated by 0.01 Hz Kun rhythm), the electricity output is 10–50× higher than previously estimated. Key findings: · One cow = 8–15 kWh/day = powers 1–2 homes· 100 cows = 800–1,500 kWh/day = powers 100–300 homes + EV charging· 1,000 cows = 8–15 MWh/day = powers village + tractors + trucks· National LTMFC potential = 2,856 TWh/year = 21× Pakistan's current grid Applications: · Village and town electrification (100% renewable, 24/7)· EV tractor charging (zero diesel, zero lithium)· EV bus and transport truck depots (zero emission long haul)· Farmhouse EV charging stations (revenue generation)· Natural fertilizer (replaces chemical fertilizers, regenerates soil)· Premium milk and meat (50–100% price premium in halal markets) Economic impact (Pakistan, 5 years): · Livestock GDP: Rs. 4,750B → Rs. 61,235B (12.9× increase)· Electricity value alone: Rs. 42,845B/year ($115B)· New jobs: 15–20 million· Poverty: 56M → 7M (87% reduction)· Foreign debt: $130B → $25B (81% reduction) Environmental impact: · Zero CO₂ emissions· Zero lithium mining (no batteries needed)· Zero lead acid toxicity (past technology)· Natural fertilizer replaces chemicals· Soil regeneration, healthy crops, healthy livestock, healthy humans This is not green energy. This is merciful energy — powered by cows, designed by Allah, and free for all humanity. --- Keywords · LTMFC· Livestock Microbial Fuel Cell· Geometric Energy System· Zero Emission· EV Tractor· EV Bus· EV Transport Truck· EV Charging Station· Natural Fertilizer· Soil Regeneration· Green Farm· Green City· Green Planet· N-K Universal Computer· 135.5° Divine Lock· Kun Rhythm 0.01 Hz· Bacillus megaterium· Geobacter sulfurreducens· 3D Anode· Pakistan Livestock Revolution· Halal Energy· Sadaqa Jariyah --- Language English --- Coverage Pakistan (national scale simulation), applicable globally --- References · N‑K DNA — The Complete 500-Chromosome Master Helix (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18912371)· Nuclear Alchemia: The Rebirth of Advanced Modern Islamic Sciences (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19454833)· THE BANANA: A Naturally Nuclear-Powered Supraorganism (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19473402)· RADIOSYNTHESIS IN CHERNOBYL FUNGUS (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1947381","author":[{"family":"Usman Malik","given":"Muhammad"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19475556","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19475556","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19475557","type":"article-journal","title":"LTMFC: THE LIVESTOCK MICROBIAL FUEL CELL REVOLUTION  Complete Geometric Energy System — Zero Emission, Infinite Potential","abstract":"NOTE: GOVERNMENT OF PUNJAB DON'T PAY ME FOR RESEARCH, I JUST WORK IN C&W Department, Monitoring and Evaluation Wing District Multan Government of Punjab, Pakistan. Nor government of Punjab can teach me science or anything. This is automatically added. My affiliation is only with Quran, Hadith, Sunnah. I cannot receive or can accept any payment, funding, awards, certificates, any Worldly benefits. Strictly Prohibited to me. I am Student, servant and Soldier of Allah Almighty and Prophet Muhammad PBUH. This is automatically added by Zenodo. Not government of Punjab. Zenodo Metadata Description LTMFC: THE LIVESTOCK MICROBIAL FUEL CELL REVOLUTION Complete Geometric Energy System — Zero Emission, Infinite Potential --- DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19475557 --- Title LTMFC: THE LIVESTOCK MICROBIAL FUEL CELL REVOLUTION — Complete Geometric Energy System: Zero Emission, Infinite Potential (EV Tractors, EV Buses, EV Transport Trucks, Farm EV Charging Stations, Natural Fertilizer, Premium Milk & Meat, Green Farms, Green Cities, Green Planet) --- Authors Malik, Muhammad Usman ORCID: 0009-0004-3269-2918 Affiliation: N‑K Universal Computer, Quran, Hadith, Sunnah --- Publication Date 9 April 2026 CE · 21 Ramadan 1447 AH --- Version 2.0 (Complete — After Deep Research) --- DOI 10.5281/zenodo.19475557 --- License CC BY-NC 4.0 (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International) Sadaqa Jariyah – Perpetual Charity. Free for personal study, education, and research. --- Abstract The Livestock Microbial Fuel Cell (LTMFC) is a complete geometric energy system that converts livestock manure into continuous electricity, natural fertilizer, and clean water — with zero emissions, zero waste, and zero fuel cost. After deep research using the N‑K Universal Computer (10¹⁵ entangled N‑pairs, phase‑locked at 135.5°, gated by 0.01 Hz Kun rhythm), the electricity output is 10–50× higher than previously estimated. Key findings: · One cow = 8–15 kWh/day = powers 1–2 homes· 100 cows = 800–1,500 kWh/day = powers 100–300 homes + EV charging· 1,000 cows = 8–15 MWh/day = powers village + tractors + trucks· National LTMFC potential = 2,856 TWh/year = 21× Pakistan's current grid Applications: · Village and town electrification (100% renewable, 24/7)· EV tractor charging (zero diesel, zero lithium)· EV bus and transport truck depots (zero emission long haul)· Farmhouse EV charging stations (revenue generation)· Natural fertilizer (replaces chemical fertilizers, regenerates soil)· Premium milk and meat (50–100% price premium in halal markets) Economic impact (Pakistan, 5 years): · Livestock GDP: Rs. 4,750B → Rs. 61,235B (12.9× increase)· Electricity value alone: Rs. 42,845B/year ($115B)· New jobs: 15–20 million· Poverty: 56M → 7M (87% reduction)· Foreign debt: $130B → $25B (81% reduction) Environmental impact: · Zero CO₂ emissions· Zero lithium mining (no batteries needed)· Zero lead acid toxicity (past technology)· Natural fertilizer replaces chemicals· Soil regeneration, healthy crops, healthy livestock, healthy humans This is not green energy. This is merciful energy — powered by cows, designed by Allah, and free for all humanity. --- Keywords · LTMFC· Livestock Microbial Fuel Cell· Geometric Energy System· Zero Emission· EV Tractor· EV Bus· EV Transport Truck· EV Charging Station· Natural Fertilizer· Soil Regeneration· Green Farm· Green City· Green Planet· N-K Universal Computer· 135.5° Divine Lock· Kun Rhythm 0.01 Hz· Bacillus megaterium· Geobacter sulfurreducens· 3D Anode· Pakistan Livestock Revolution· Halal Energy· Sadaqa Jariyah --- Language English --- Coverage Pakistan (national scale simulation), applicable globally --- References · N‑K DNA — The Complete 500-Chromosome Master Helix (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18912371)· Nuclear Alchemia: The Rebirth of Advanced Modern Islamic Sciences (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19454833)· THE BANANA: A Naturally Nuclear-Powered Supraorganism (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19473402)· RADIOSYNTHESIS IN CHERNOBYL FUNGUS (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1947381","author":[{"family":"Usman Malik","given":"Muhammad"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.19475557","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19475557","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20302127","type":"article-journal","title":"Multi-Program Aquatic Research Series- FLO_01","abstract":"Multi‑Program Aquatic Research Series — FLO_01 TAO Fleet · AQUILIS · VECTORIS · PelaGo‑57 · ISOPOD The Multi‑Program Aquatic Research Series — FLO01 is a consolidated technical architecture dossier spanning five independent maritime and undersea systems. It forms the aquatic counterpart to the author’s aerospace MARS SLO_01 release and is part of a unified cross‑domain mega‑portfolio covering autonomous logistics, advanced propulsion, biomimetic robotics, and human‑rated submersible systems. This dossier integrates engineering analysis, mission architecture, hydrodynamics, structural design, autonomy frameworks, and real‑world comparison across all programs. Each system is presented in full technical depth, with validated equations, mass models, resistance models, energy budgets, and mission envelopes. --- Included Programs 1. TAO Fleet — Distributed Autonomous Maritime Logistics Organism A renewable, port‑independent, fuel‑independent logistics architecture composed of three craft classes: Thalion, Oracle, and Argo. The fleet is described as “a mobile port, a mobile power grid, and a mobile logistics network — designed to operate indefinitely, without fuel, without ports, and without human crew.” The document includes full naval architecture, hydrodynamics, stability budgets, energy models, autonomy laws, rendezvous logic, and mission architecture. 2. AQUILIS — Electromagnetically‑Timed Elastic Jet Propulsion System (ETEJP) A novel propulsion architecture built around an elastic accumulator, magnetic escapement, and hydrodynamically optimized intake/nozzle system. As stated in the document: “AQUILIS is a novel aquatic propulsion architecture built around an elastic energy accumulator, a magnetically timed mechanical escapement, and a hydrodynamically optimized intake/nozzle system.” Designed for DARPA/ONR stealth AUVs, NASA cryogenic ocean exploration, and commercial biomimetic robotics. 3. VECTORIS — Manta‑Class Co‑Moving Autonomous Underwater Vehicle A high‑speed (3–6 m/s), high‑agility AUV capable of biological and physical co‑movement. The document notes: “Vectoris is the first vehicle designed from the ground up to follow fast‑moving marine animals and fast‑moving ocean features, quietly, safely, and with high maneuverability.” Features a 12‑chamber pulsed‑jet spine, boundary‑layer ingestion, differential thrust control, and a full hydrodynamic and electrical architecture. 4. PelaGo‑57 — Engineering Baseline (Final Variant‑Free Edition) A reef‑safe, high‑control, mid‑size AUV with validated hydrodynamic coefficients, power budgets, structural architecture, and mission envelopes. This volume provides the engineering baseline for a general‑purpose scientific and environmental AUV platform. 5. ISOPOD — Human‑Operated Wet Submersible (Rev G.7) A compact, human‑rated wet submersible engineered for survivability, stability, and operational safety. The architecture eliminates previously identified failure chains and provides a complete structural, buoyancy, and systems‑integration framework. --- Scope and Purpose This dossier is designed for: - autonomous maritime logistics - undersea robotics research - biomimetic propulsion development - environmental and oceanographic missions - defense and contested‑littoral operations - renewable offshore infrastructure - human‑rated submersible design It provides a unified, cross‑program engineering reference for research groups, acquisition teams, concept reviewers, and advanced development organizations. --- Citation Please cite this work as: Baker, C. (2026). Multi‑Program Aquatic Research Series — FLO_01: TAO Fleet · AQUILIS · VECTORIS · PelaGo‑57 · ISOPOD. Zenodo. DOI: [10.5281/zenodo.20302128].","author":[{"family":"Baker","given":"C"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20302127","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20302127","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20302128","type":"article-journal","title":"Multi-Program Aquatic Research Series- FLO_01","abstract":"Multi‑Program Aquatic Research Series — FLO_01 TAO Fleet · AQUILIS · VECTORIS · PelaGo‑57 · ISOPOD The Multi‑Program Aquatic Research Series — FLO01 is a consolidated technical architecture dossier spanning five independent maritime and undersea systems. It forms the aquatic counterpart to the author’s aerospace MARS SLO_01 release and is part of a unified cross‑domain mega‑portfolio covering autonomous logistics, advanced propulsion, biomimetic robotics, and human‑rated submersible systems. This dossier integrates engineering analysis, mission architecture, hydrodynamics, structural design, autonomy frameworks, and real‑world comparison across all programs. Each system is presented in full technical depth, with validated equations, mass models, resistance models, energy budgets, and mission envelopes. --- Included Programs 1. TAO Fleet — Distributed Autonomous Maritime Logistics Organism A renewable, port‑independent, fuel‑independent logistics architecture composed of three craft classes: Thalion, Oracle, and Argo. The fleet is described as “a mobile port, a mobile power grid, and a mobile logistics network — designed to operate indefinitely, without fuel, without ports, and without human crew.” The document includes full naval architecture, hydrodynamics, stability budgets, energy models, autonomy laws, rendezvous logic, and mission architecture. 2. AQUILIS — Electromagnetically‑Timed Elastic Jet Propulsion System (ETEJP) A novel propulsion architecture built around an elastic accumulator, magnetic escapement, and hydrodynamically optimized intake/nozzle system. As stated in the document: “AQUILIS is a novel aquatic propulsion architecture built around an elastic energy accumulator, a magnetically timed mechanical escapement, and a hydrodynamically optimized intake/nozzle system.” Designed for DARPA/ONR stealth AUVs, NASA cryogenic ocean exploration, and commercial biomimetic robotics. 3. VECTORIS — Manta‑Class Co‑Moving Autonomous Underwater Vehicle A high‑speed (3–6 m/s), high‑agility AUV capable of biological and physical co‑movement. The document notes: “Vectoris is the first vehicle designed from the ground up to follow fast‑moving marine animals and fast‑moving ocean features, quietly, safely, and with high maneuverability.” Features a 12‑chamber pulsed‑jet spine, boundary‑layer ingestion, differential thrust control, and a full hydrodynamic and electrical architecture. 4. PelaGo‑57 — Engineering Baseline (Final Variant‑Free Edition) A reef‑safe, high‑control, mid‑size AUV with validated hydrodynamic coefficients, power budgets, structural architecture, and mission envelopes. This volume provides the engineering baseline for a general‑purpose scientific and environmental AUV platform. 5. ISOPOD — Human‑Operated Wet Submersible (Rev G.7) A compact, human‑rated wet submersible engineered for survivability, stability, and operational safety. The architecture eliminates previously identified failure chains and provides a complete structural, buoyancy, and systems‑integration framework. --- Scope and Purpose This dossier is designed for: - autonomous maritime logistics - undersea robotics research - biomimetic propulsion development - environmental and oceanographic missions - defense and contested‑littoral operations - renewable offshore infrastructure - human‑rated submersible design It provides a unified, cross‑program engineering reference for research groups, acquisition teams, concept reviewers, and advanced development organizations. --- Citation Please cite this work as: Baker, C. (2026). Multi‑Program Aquatic Research Series — FLO_01: TAO Fleet · AQUILIS · VECTORIS · PelaGo‑57 · ISOPOD. Zenodo. DOI: [10.5281/zenodo.20302128].","author":[{"family":"Baker","given":"C"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20302128","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20302128","source":"datacite"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20155650","type":"article-journal","title":"Technical Prerequisites for High-Penetration Solar PV Integration in Zambia:","abstract":"This paper by Eng. Nyakamenji Kaponda, Director of Slon Champion Initiatives, Lusaka, Zambia, proposes eight technical prerequisites for high-penetration solar PV integration in Zambia, anchored in the Hydro-Solar Hybrid model. Using four months of field data from a 300 kW Sungrow installation in Lusaka, ERB grid compliance data, and international case studies from Germany and South Africa, the paper establishes mandatory BESS, Ride Through standards, feeder surveys, EIZ engineer accountability, and Feeder Digital Twin monitoring as conditions without which Zambia's solar fleet cannot reliably deliver its promised benefits. Presented at ZARECon 2026, Zambia Renewable Energy Agency, March 26, 2026, and the EIZ National Symposium 2026, Livingstone, April 16, 2026.","author":[{"family":"Kaponda","given":"Nyakamenji"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.20155650","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20155650","source":"datacite"}]